WEBVTT - When Norway's Infamous 'False Margaret' Claimed the Throne 0:00:02.720 --> 0:00:06.400 Welcome to Criminalia, a production of Shonda Land Audio in 0:00:06.480 --> 0:00:15.280 partnership with I Heart Radio. Hello, and welcome to the 0:00:15.280 --> 0:00:18.279 third season of criminal At this season, we're exploring the 0:00:18.320 --> 0:00:21.440 lives and motivations of some of the most notorious impostors 0:00:21.440 --> 0:00:26.480 throughout history. I'm Maria Tremarki and I'm Holly Fry. One 0:00:26.480 --> 0:00:30.160 of the most infamous impostors in Scandinavian history, which is 0:00:30.200 --> 0:00:32.440 an area we haven't gotten too deep in this season, 0:00:32.960 --> 0:00:36.720 is the so called false Margaret. Ten years after the 0:00:36.720 --> 0:00:40.400 real Margaret made of Norway's death, a Norwegian woman claimed 0:00:40.479 --> 0:00:44.240 Margaret's identity. We aren't actually going to start by talking 0:00:44.280 --> 0:00:47.360 about false Margaret, though, We're gonna start a little further 0:00:47.440 --> 0:00:49.839 back at what we'll call the beginning, and that is 0:00:49.840 --> 0:00:54.120 with Margaret's grandfather, Alexander, the third King of Scotland, and 0:00:54.160 --> 0:00:57.280 how his death was really the catalyst for this whole story. 0:00:57.720 --> 0:00:59.880 So I'm gonna do a quick little warning here that 0:01:00.200 --> 0:01:03.080 during this episode we're going to be talking about pregnancy, 0:01:03.120 --> 0:01:05.440 loss and miscarriage. Not a lot, but it is going 0:01:05.480 --> 0:01:08.600 to come up. So please be aware and please make 0:01:08.600 --> 0:01:10.520 sure that you feel safe while you're listening to us 0:01:11.200 --> 0:01:14.680 and with that, let's get back to Alexander. Alexander ruled 0:01:14.680 --> 0:01:17.119 a King of Scott's from twelve forty nine, when he 0:01:17.200 --> 0:01:20.000 was just eight years old, until his accidental death in 0:01:20.080 --> 0:01:22.880 twelve eighty six at the age of forty five. In 0:01:22.880 --> 0:01:25.040 twelve fifty one, when he was ten and she was 0:01:25.080 --> 0:01:28.360 eleven years old, Alexander married Margaret of England, the daughter 0:01:28.440 --> 0:01:30.800 of King Henry the third of England. So one of 0:01:30.840 --> 0:01:33.399 the things actually you're going to see happened in this 0:01:33.480 --> 0:01:35.759 episode is we have a lot of Margaret's so we're 0:01:35.760 --> 0:01:38.399 going to try to keep them separate from each other 0:01:38.480 --> 0:01:42.280 and try not to confuse them. So okay. During their 0:01:42.319 --> 0:01:46.080 marriage they have three children, Alexander Prince of Scotland, David 0:01:46.240 --> 0:01:49.720 of Scotland, Prince of Scotland, and Margaret of Scotland. The Queen. 0:01:49.960 --> 0:01:53.040 Margaret of England died in twelve seventy five, well before 0:01:53.080 --> 0:01:56.600 her granddaughter was born. Margaret of Scotland became the mother 0:01:56.680 --> 0:01:59.680 of Margaret made of Norway in twelve eighty three, and 0:02:00.160 --> 0:02:03.280 by twelve eighty four Alexander had lost all three of 0:02:03.360 --> 0:02:06.840 his children too. After the deaths of his children, the 0:02:07.000 --> 0:02:10.120 king reasonably began to worry about who was going to 0:02:10.200 --> 0:02:13.960 rule after him. In twelve eighty four, Alexander asked the 0:02:14.120 --> 0:02:18.040 estates to recognize his granddaughter, Margaret made of Norway as 0:02:18.080 --> 0:02:21.840 his heir presumptive. The estates during the Middle Ages and 0:02:21.880 --> 0:02:24.640 in this particular scenario, were made up of members of 0:02:24.680 --> 0:02:28.200 the nobility and royalty. Their power came from what they 0:02:28.240 --> 0:02:32.040 called feudal privileges. Feudal privileges. To be very clear, we're 0:02:32.040 --> 0:02:34.079 not in any way, shape or form what you would 0:02:34.120 --> 0:02:37.799 consider a privilege to the peasants. Their privilege left them 0:02:37.800 --> 0:02:41.040 poor and exploited by the nobility and expected to both 0:02:41.040 --> 0:02:45.440 pay taxes and feudal dues. Note here too that more 0:02:45.440 --> 0:02:49.120 than nine of the entire European population was at this 0:02:49.160 --> 0:02:53.120 time composed of rural peasants. The clergy and the nobility, 0:02:53.120 --> 0:02:56.680 on the other hand, enjoyed that income from those feudal privileges. 0:02:57.200 --> 0:02:59.520 So while it was not a privilege to the peasants 0:02:59.520 --> 0:03:03.080 at certainly was a boon for the nobles. They also 0:03:03.320 --> 0:03:06.000 had their own privileges, were air quoting that to deal 0:03:06.080 --> 0:03:09.520 with in their case, though they were exempt from paying taxes. 0:03:10.320 --> 0:03:13.560 There were three estates and they made up the Scottish Parliament. 0:03:14.400 --> 0:03:17.880 In addition to asking the estates to recognize his granddaughter 0:03:18.000 --> 0:03:21.880 as his heir presumptive, King Alexander the third also decided 0:03:21.919 --> 0:03:24.880 to try for a male heir. He had lived as 0:03:24.919 --> 0:03:27.960 a widow for a decade after his wife, Margaret of England, 0:03:28.000 --> 0:03:31.360 had died, and he was ready to remarry. His second 0:03:31.360 --> 0:03:35.600 marriage was purely contractual, not uncommon among royal marriages at 0:03:35.600 --> 0:03:37.440 the time. It's something we've talked about many times on 0:03:37.480 --> 0:03:40.960 the show. And he got married to Yolande de Dreu, 0:03:41.360 --> 0:03:44.720 daughter of Robert, the third Count of Dreux. That was 0:03:44.760 --> 0:03:48.280 on November the one of twelve eighty five. Yolande was 0:03:48.360 --> 0:03:51.520 queen for only a very short time, from late twelve 0:03:51.520 --> 0:03:54.480 eighty five until the king's death in twelve eighty six. 0:03:54.880 --> 0:03:57.360 It was a very foggy and very stormy night when 0:03:57.360 --> 0:04:00.760 Alexander died. He was riding from Edinburgh to join his 0:04:00.840 --> 0:04:04.200 wife at king Horn, which is about eleven miles distance, 0:04:04.520 --> 0:04:07.240 but in the darkness he became separated from his party 0:04:07.280 --> 0:04:10.080 and he never made it to his destination. He was 0:04:10.080 --> 0:04:12.320 found the next morning, believed to have fallen from his 0:04:12.400 --> 0:04:15.880 horse and broken his neck. Immediately following his death, the 0:04:15.960 --> 0:04:19.720 Queen announced she was pregnant. That news man Alexander had 0:04:19.720 --> 0:04:23.600 an unborn air on the way. So if Yolande gave 0:04:23.640 --> 0:04:26.520 birth to the air apparent, no one could stand between 0:04:26.560 --> 0:04:29.800 that child and the throne. But this is where that 0:04:30.040 --> 0:04:32.120 sad matter that Maria mentioned at the top of the 0:04:32.120 --> 0:04:37.080 show comes in. Yoland's pregnancy ended. It is unclear exactly 0:04:37.120 --> 0:04:40.279 what happened. There are certainly people who have believed that 0:04:40.279 --> 0:04:43.000 this pregnancy was a hoax, but it has also been 0:04:43.000 --> 0:04:45.839 put forward that in fact the baby was simply stillborn. 0:04:46.560 --> 0:04:50.640 The devastating end of this pregnancy, again, if that pregnancy 0:04:50.680 --> 0:04:54.560 had been a real one, meant either way that Alexander's granddaughter, 0:04:54.640 --> 0:04:58.160 Margaret Made of Norway and now transition, she was not 0:04:58.279 --> 0:05:01.080 presumptive Air. She was going to be the rightful heir. 0:05:01.240 --> 0:05:03.880 And that was, as you said, something that he had 0:05:03.880 --> 0:05:07.839 secured with the Estates two years earlier. Margaret Made of 0:05:07.920 --> 0:05:11.520 Norway ascended to the throne on March nineteen, twelve eighty six, 0:05:11.560 --> 0:05:15.360 when she was just shy of three years old and 0:05:15.640 --> 0:05:19.120 living in Norway. There was no adult really ruling Scotland 0:05:19.160 --> 0:05:22.080 at this time. A group called the Guardian Council was 0:05:22.120 --> 0:05:25.480 elected by Parliament in twelve eighty six after Alexander's death, 0:05:25.920 --> 0:05:28.640 to govern the kingdom until such time as Margaret the 0:05:28.680 --> 0:05:31.479 air Presumptive was old enough to do so on her own. 0:05:32.480 --> 0:05:34.520 We're gonna take a quick break here for a word 0:05:34.560 --> 0:05:36.720 from a sponsor, and when we're back we will talk 0:05:36.760 --> 0:05:41.040 about how Margaret Made of Norway's death deeply impacted Scotland. 0:05:48.520 --> 0:05:52.560 Welcome back to Criminalia. Thirteen claimants came forward for the 0:05:52.560 --> 0:05:57.760 crown after Margaret's death, but only one burned at the stake. Okay, 0:05:57.760 --> 0:06:01.560 we're gonna do a quick family tree recap. Margaret made 0:06:01.600 --> 0:06:04.039 of Norway was born in April of twelve eighty three. 0:06:04.480 --> 0:06:07.240 She was the daughter of King Eric the Second of 0:06:07.279 --> 0:06:11.560 Norway and Margaret of Scotland, Queen of Norway. Margaret of 0:06:11.600 --> 0:06:15.520 Scotland was the daughter of King Alexander the third, which 0:06:15.560 --> 0:06:19.120 is how he is Margaret Made of Norway's grandfather, who 0:06:19.200 --> 0:06:21.880 managed this whole setup so that she would inherit the 0:06:21.920 --> 0:06:24.920 throne exactly. He is the beginning. But the family tree 0:06:25.000 --> 0:06:27.480 with the same names as a little bit confusing than 0:06:27.600 --> 0:06:33.160 you now, so we don't actually have a lot of 0:06:33.240 --> 0:06:37.479 information about Margaret's childhood in the thirteenth century, though it 0:06:37.560 --> 0:06:40.400 was pretty rare to keep records of royal children or 0:06:40.720 --> 0:06:44.440 any children really, we do know the queen died while 0:06:44.480 --> 0:06:47.040 giving birth to her daughter, and the queen was buried 0:06:47.120 --> 0:06:49.919 in christ Church and Bergen, Norway. We do also know 0:06:50.200 --> 0:06:53.760 that Margaret made of Norway was raised in Norway and 0:06:53.800 --> 0:06:56.320 lived with her father before she set sail for Scotland, 0:06:56.360 --> 0:06:58.640 which was a country she had never even been to 0:06:59.200 --> 0:07:04.320 yet she already ruled. Around September of twelve ninety, Margaret 0:07:04.360 --> 0:07:07.600 boarded her father's ship and her voyage away from Norway 0:07:07.920 --> 0:07:11.480 and to her new life in Scotland began. The Bishop 0:07:11.520 --> 0:07:14.160 of Bergen was her chaperone, and it's likely she had 0:07:14.200 --> 0:07:16.720 other attendants. She was a royal, after all, that would 0:07:16.720 --> 0:07:20.920 have been a natural situation. Her arrival was greatly anticipated 0:07:20.920 --> 0:07:23.880 at Schoon Palace. Schoon Palace is a castle with a 0:07:23.920 --> 0:07:27.920 colorful history that reaches back probably more than fifteen hundred years. 0:07:27.960 --> 0:07:31.600 It is also spectacularly beautiful. It's famous for being the 0:07:31.680 --> 0:07:34.560 historic crowning site of the Kings of Scots, and it's 0:07:34.600 --> 0:07:37.040 the home of the Stone of Destiny, which is also 0:07:37.080 --> 0:07:40.800 known as the Coronation Stone. Ancient kings of Scotland were 0:07:40.800 --> 0:07:45.320 officially recognized as monarchs there, including Macbeth the real one, 0:07:45.440 --> 0:07:49.120 not the Shakespeare character, who was crowned around ten thirty one, 0:07:49.240 --> 0:07:51.440 all the way up to Charles the Second, who was 0:07:51.480 --> 0:07:54.880 the last to be crowned at Schoon in sixteen fifty one. 0:07:55.520 --> 0:07:59.240 During Margaret's voyage, the ship actually came under siege by 0:07:59.240 --> 0:08:02.440 a heavy store ms and Margaret became very ill. Blown 0:08:02.440 --> 0:08:05.840 off course. The ship landed at St Margaret's Hope on Orkney, 0:08:05.880 --> 0:08:11.040 off the northeastern coast of Scotland on September ninety. Margaret 0:08:11.120 --> 0:08:14.320 died at age seven, before she could be crowned and 0:08:14.640 --> 0:08:16.840 before she could actually see the country that she was 0:08:16.920 --> 0:08:20.480 queen of. Her cause of death is almost always reported 0:08:20.520 --> 0:08:23.720 as the effects of seasickness, but there's also speculations she 0:08:23.760 --> 0:08:26.960 may have died from complications of food poisoning. She was 0:08:27.040 --> 0:08:30.080 returned to Norway, where her father confirmed the identity of 0:08:30.080 --> 0:08:32.720 her body before she was buried with her mother in Bergen. 0:08:33.640 --> 0:08:37.080 This little girl really had quite a big impact for 0:08:37.160 --> 0:08:40.720 having lived for really so few years. Margaret made of 0:08:40.760 --> 0:08:43.640 Norway was the last of the line of Scottish rulers 0:08:43.679 --> 0:08:46.440 descended from King Malcolm the Third, the first of a 0:08:46.520 --> 0:08:50.359 dynasty of kings who ruled Scotland for more than two centuries. 0:08:51.040 --> 0:08:54.640 Margaret's death not only ended a dynasty, it also began 0:08:54.720 --> 0:08:57.679 the fight for the Scottish crown from both inside and 0:08:57.720 --> 0:09:02.040 outside the country's borders. There were thirteen claimants, but jockeying 0:09:02.160 --> 0:09:05.679 for control of Scotland had actually started even before her 0:09:05.800 --> 0:09:09.199 untimely death. She was, after all, just three years old 0:09:09.240 --> 0:09:12.199 and was not in Scotland when she became queen. There 0:09:12.200 --> 0:09:14.800 are some histories that leave her off the list of 0:09:14.920 --> 0:09:19.240 rulers entirely because she was never formally crowned. Many people 0:09:19.280 --> 0:09:21.800 saw this as an opportunity to fillip power vacuum, though 0:09:21.880 --> 0:09:26.880 by arranging a marriage. So the candidates with the strongest 0:09:26.960 --> 0:09:30.640 claims to the crown were nobleman John Balliol, Robert the Bruce, 0:09:30.920 --> 0:09:35.280 John Hastings, and Flora's the fifth Count of Holland. In particular, 0:09:35.480 --> 0:09:39.280 Balliol and Bruce looked very promising. In twelve ninety, when 0:09:39.320 --> 0:09:42.240 Margaret was still alive and expected to take the throne, 0:09:42.440 --> 0:09:44.960 the Treaty of Burgham was drawn up. This was said 0:09:44.960 --> 0:09:48.440 to end competing claims between clam Bruce and House of 0:09:48.480 --> 0:09:52.240 Baliol as their rivalry was really heating up. Yeah, but 0:09:52.320 --> 0:09:56.480 it really just wasn't all about their rivalry. It was 0:09:56.520 --> 0:10:01.199 a treaty to contract Margaret's hand and merrit the calculating 0:10:01.200 --> 0:10:04.680 politician in King Edward the First of England supported Margaret 0:10:04.679 --> 0:10:08.680 as ruler in part because he wanted his son, an 0:10:08.679 --> 0:10:11.920 infant named Edward and the future King Edward the Second 0:10:11.960 --> 0:10:15.160 of England, to marry her, and not because he thought 0:10:15.160 --> 0:10:17.160 that they would make a great match. Like we said, 0:10:17.240 --> 0:10:19.520 that doesn't happen very much in this period of time. 0:10:20.040 --> 0:10:23.200 So with that marital arrangement, Edward hoped he'd made the 0:10:23.280 --> 0:10:26.160 right political move to make him the king who united 0:10:26.200 --> 0:10:31.000 England and Scotland. This treaty also established how the two 0:10:31.080 --> 0:10:34.720 kingdoms Scotland and England would be governed after the marriage. 0:10:34.880 --> 0:10:38.640 The Scots wanted to ensure their political and constitutional identity 0:10:38.720 --> 0:10:41.079 and they were not super duper interested in this whole 0:10:41.200 --> 0:10:44.440 unification concept, right, and he just keeps shoving it at them. 0:10:44.960 --> 0:10:48.199 So it was agreed that Edward, upon his marriage to Margaret, 0:10:48.200 --> 0:10:51.080 would become Edward the Second King of Scots, and Margaret 0:10:51.080 --> 0:10:55.600 would remain as Queen Regent of Scotland. In turn, Margaret 0:10:55.600 --> 0:10:58.840 would become Queen Consort of England and Edward would remain 0:10:58.960 --> 0:11:03.240 King Edward the second. Their heirs would inherit both kingdoms. 0:11:03.280 --> 0:11:06.920 But the Guardians reiterated the Kingdom of Scotland would not 0:11:07.200 --> 0:11:10.520 be united with the Kingdom of England. This all sounds 0:11:10.600 --> 0:11:12.760 kind of confusing, so it might help to think of 0:11:12.800 --> 0:11:15.240 it in modern business terms. I know that sounds like 0:11:15.240 --> 0:11:17.640 a weird comparison, but come with me on this journey. 0:11:17.920 --> 0:11:21.079 It is as though the head executives of two companies 0:11:21.120 --> 0:11:24.520 got married. It would be expected that they would each 0:11:24.559 --> 0:11:27.600 have some influence and input on each other's work, but 0:11:27.679 --> 0:11:31.439 that their companies would remain separate entities, although possibly friendly. 0:11:32.400 --> 0:11:35.240 That would bring up some ethics issues and businesses, but 0:11:36.200 --> 0:11:39.840 in the realm of historical royal alliances through marriages, it's 0:11:39.880 --> 0:11:43.319 all good if everyone involved is on the same page, 0:11:43.880 --> 0:11:47.400 so all in agreement. This deal was accepted and signed 0:11:47.480 --> 0:11:51.880 by everyone involved, except for those very very young people 0:11:51.960 --> 0:11:55.400 Margaret and Edward right, the two people who are actually involved. 0:11:55.679 --> 0:11:59.000 At the center of the whole thing. The Guardian Council 0:11:59.040 --> 0:12:02.160 agreed to the marriage proposal but continued to assert that 0:12:02.160 --> 0:12:06.720 Scotland would remain independent. They wrote, we quote that Scotland 0:12:06.760 --> 0:12:10.520 would persist separate and divided from England according to its 0:12:10.640 --> 0:12:15.000 rightful boundaries, free in itself and without subjugation. An independent 0:12:15.040 --> 0:12:19.120 Scotland wasn't really, though, what Edward the First was looking 0:12:19.160 --> 0:12:21.439 for as a king. He decided to just sort of 0:12:21.480 --> 0:12:25.720 ignore all of the clauses he didn't like in that treaty. 0:12:26.280 --> 0:12:30.040 We'll work this out later. It's all, let's have a wedding, Yeah, right, okay, 0:12:32.160 --> 0:12:35.000 but let's get back to this rivalry among the claimants. 0:12:35.559 --> 0:12:38.280 Fearing war between two rivals to the crown, Robert the 0:12:38.280 --> 0:12:42.000 Bruce again and John Balliol. The Guardian Council actually asked 0:12:42.080 --> 0:12:44.880 King Edward the First to intervene. Turns out he might 0:12:44.880 --> 0:12:46.920 not have been the best choice for this, at least 0:12:47.280 --> 0:12:51.439 not politically, because the King took this as his opportunity 0:12:51.640 --> 0:12:53.880 to take control of Scotland, which he had been wanting 0:12:53.920 --> 0:12:57.160 to do from the beginning. Edward did agree to help 0:12:57.200 --> 0:13:00.280 with one condition, and you know, based on what we said, 0:13:00.320 --> 0:13:03.160 this is not going to be an altruistic condition. He 0:13:03.240 --> 0:13:06.160 said he would do it if the Guardians made him 0:13:06.200 --> 0:13:09.880 Lord Paramount of Scotland, the feudal superior of the realm. 0:13:10.080 --> 0:13:12.400 That basically means he wanted to be the monarch who 0:13:12.400 --> 0:13:16.760 could consider all of England and Scotland as his property. 0:13:16.880 --> 0:13:19.800 Even if he may not have been recognized as their ruler, 0:13:20.400 --> 0:13:23.360 he still owns all the land, so first who cares 0:13:23.400 --> 0:13:25.480 at that point? Right, It's like our's a de facto 0:13:25.640 --> 0:13:30.000 power situation in that mix. So as you may imagine, 0:13:30.160 --> 0:13:32.800 the Guardians didn't like any of this, but it was 0:13:32.840 --> 0:13:35.400 really too late for them, and Edward's plan was already 0:13:35.400 --> 0:13:38.840 set in motion. Taking on the rule of Lord Paramount 0:13:38.840 --> 0:13:41.800 of Scotland. The King kicked things off with an order 0:13:41.840 --> 0:13:45.079 that every Scottish royal castle now fell under his control. 0:13:45.760 --> 0:13:49.439 And most of the moneyed families in Scotland had significant 0:13:49.520 --> 0:13:52.560 land in England as well, and agreeing with the King 0:13:53.280 --> 0:13:55.560 made it so much easier for those families to just 0:13:55.640 --> 0:13:58.920 keep their estates in both countries. The Guardians and the 0:13:58.960 --> 0:14:02.760 nobility swore legiance to Edward because of that. It was 0:14:02.800 --> 0:14:07.439 when Edward expected Scottish nobility to finance and provide military 0:14:07.520 --> 0:14:11.480 service in England's war against France that the Scots got 0:14:11.480 --> 0:14:14.840 a little irked. And decided to take action. A newly 0:14:14.960 --> 0:14:18.559 formed group of twelve Guardians sent Scottish emissaries to France 0:14:18.559 --> 0:14:21.080 to discuss just how they were going to deal with 0:14:21.160 --> 0:14:24.960 King Edward. The first an agreement was made between Scotland 0:14:25.000 --> 0:14:28.000 and France called the all The alliance, which boiled down, 0:14:28.080 --> 0:14:31.400 stated that if France was attacked, Scottish forces would come 0:14:31.400 --> 0:14:34.360 to their aid. The French agreed to do the same 0:14:34.400 --> 0:14:38.520 if the situation were reversed. The Franco Scottish Treaty, signed 0:14:38.520 --> 0:14:40.960 by John, King of Scots and King Philip the Fourth 0:14:40.960 --> 0:14:45.320 of France in twelve in opposition to Edward the First 0:14:45.360 --> 0:14:49.920 of England, was the first alliance between the countries. If 0:14:49.960 --> 0:14:53.800 you imagined that Edward, upon discovering that there was an 0:14:53.800 --> 0:14:57.960 alliance between Scotland and France, retaliated, then you would be right. 0:14:58.520 --> 0:15:00.960 He invaded Scotland into a of ninety s and he 0:15:01.040 --> 0:15:04.840 forced John, King of Scots to abdicate the throne. So 0:15:04.960 --> 0:15:08.480 you've probably noticed we haven't even mentioned an impostor yet. 0:15:10.400 --> 0:15:12.960 We are getting there, we promise, but we had to 0:15:13.040 --> 0:15:15.000 lay all this groundwork so you kind of know what's 0:15:15.040 --> 0:15:17.880 going on when she finally hits the scene Before we 0:15:17.920 --> 0:15:19.360 get to that part of the story, we're going to 0:15:19.440 --> 0:15:29.080 take a break for a word from our sponsors. Welcome 0:15:29.120 --> 0:15:33.880 back to Criminalia. Finally, let's meet our impostor false Margaret. 0:15:35.240 --> 0:15:38.800 So Margaret made of Norway's death plunge the country into 0:15:38.880 --> 0:15:42.640 years of chaos and lead directly to the First Scottish 0:15:42.640 --> 0:15:46.880 War of Independence. We mentioned earlier that thirteen people came 0:15:46.920 --> 0:15:49.840 forward to claim their right to the Scottish throne. There 0:15:49.880 --> 0:15:52.440 was a process to it which I was surprised at. 0:15:52.480 --> 0:15:57.040 Actually each person needed to provide proof. Claimants were required 0:15:57.080 --> 0:15:59.840 to produce evidence supporting their right to the crown, and 0:16:00.040 --> 0:16:03.360 then each claim was assessed by you know who, King 0:16:03.480 --> 0:16:06.440 Edward the First. And remember before the break we mentioned 0:16:06.440 --> 0:16:08.840 the Guardians were having quite a hard time choosing their 0:16:08.880 --> 0:16:13.120 next leader and had asked him to arbitrate. The time 0:16:13.120 --> 0:16:16.160 when Edward was deciding who had the strongest connection to 0:16:16.200 --> 0:16:20.720 the Scottish throne was called the Great Cause. On November seven, 0:16:21.400 --> 0:16:23.640 ninety two, Edward the First, in a court of one 0:16:24.160 --> 0:16:27.560 four auditors, twenty four of whom he had appointed himself, 0:16:28.160 --> 0:16:31.160 decided that John Baliol had the strongest claim to the 0:16:31.160 --> 0:16:35.200 throne based on his lineage John was the grandson of David, 0:16:35.240 --> 0:16:38.120 Earl of Huntington's eldest daughter, and the family line was 0:16:38.160 --> 0:16:42.040 connected to King Alexander the Third. Robert Bruce was also 0:16:42.120 --> 0:16:44.920 a descendant of David, Earl of Huntington's, but of his 0:16:45.040 --> 0:16:48.360 second daughter, and that meant that Robert was second to John. 0:16:49.480 --> 0:16:54.120 Edward also factored another thing into his choice. He wanted 0:16:54.120 --> 0:16:56.480 to pick how easily he thought it would be to 0:16:56.560 --> 0:17:01.080 manipulate the next King of Scots, and John was crowned 0:17:01.160 --> 0:17:04.879 King at Schoon thirteen days later. The beginning of his 0:17:05.000 --> 0:17:08.720 rule ended the six years of the Guardians governance of Scotland. 0:17:09.400 --> 0:17:13.959 Shortly after John's inauguration, King Edward made his move. The 0:17:13.960 --> 0:17:16.720 new king quickly accepted his role as a puppet king 0:17:16.760 --> 0:17:21.280 to Edward's rule, and under edwards oversight, Scotland was invaded 0:17:21.320 --> 0:17:25.280 by England not too long after Margaret's death, and immediately 0:17:25.320 --> 0:17:28.200 after John's rule, Robert the Bruce, who was considered one 0:17:28.200 --> 0:17:31.960 of the most famous warriors of his generation, led Scotland 0:17:32.040 --> 0:17:35.440 during the First War of Scottish Independence. It would turn 0:17:35.480 --> 0:17:38.840 out that each rival would be king. Robert was King 0:17:38.880 --> 0:17:42.320 of Scott's until his death in thirty nine but of 0:17:42.400 --> 0:17:45.480 the thirteen claimants, which is a lot, they are the 0:17:45.560 --> 0:17:48.640 only two who managed to make it to the throne right. 0:17:48.760 --> 0:17:52.600 But there was one claimant who was unlike all the others, 0:17:53.359 --> 0:17:57.280 a woman who became known as False Margaret. A lot 0:17:57.400 --> 0:18:00.199 about False Margaret has been lost to time, include what 0:18:00.240 --> 0:18:03.840 her real name was. The story, as told goes like this. 0:18:04.359 --> 0:18:07.960 In thirteen hundred, one year after the death of Margaret's father, 0:18:08.160 --> 0:18:11.639 King Eric the Second of Norway, a woman landed in 0:18:11.640 --> 0:18:15.120 the port city of Bergen on a ship from Lubec, Germany, 0:18:15.160 --> 0:18:18.720 and she claimed that she was Margaret, made of Norway. 0:18:18.880 --> 0:18:22.200 So understandably, a lot of people in Bergen were a 0:18:22.200 --> 0:18:25.760 little skeptical of her story. She had not died at sea, 0:18:25.920 --> 0:18:29.200 she explained, she had been exiled to Germany for reasons 0:18:29.240 --> 0:18:32.399 that are actually very unclear to us. She had married 0:18:32.440 --> 0:18:34.240 in Germany while she was there, and she and her 0:18:34.280 --> 0:18:36.720 husband had decided to come to Norway to claim what 0:18:36.800 --> 0:18:41.280 she believed was her rightful inheritance. However, while the people 0:18:41.280 --> 0:18:44.360 of Bergen were a little prone to lean away from 0:18:44.359 --> 0:18:47.879 this story, a surprising number of people did support the 0:18:47.920 --> 0:18:52.080 woman's story, despite too really important and key facts that 0:18:52.119 --> 0:18:56.720 one would think would mitigate they're big. Margaret's father had 0:18:56.800 --> 0:19:01.240 identified his daughter's body shortly after her death, but now 0:19:01.280 --> 0:19:04.399 that Eric was recently deceased, he couldn't confirm or deny 0:19:04.520 --> 0:19:09.639 False Margaret's identity. And two, and this is a big one, huge. 0:19:10.080 --> 0:19:13.960 These two women had a very significant age difference. The 0:19:14.040 --> 0:19:16.560 real Margaret made of Norway would have been seventeen years 0:19:16.600 --> 0:19:20.280 old and thirteen hundred had she survived. False Margaret was 0:19:20.320 --> 0:19:22.359 said to be in her forties, or at least she 0:19:22.400 --> 0:19:25.560 appeared so. King hawk In the Fifth was King of 0:19:25.600 --> 0:19:29.120 Norway at that time, and he was also Margaret made 0:19:29.119 --> 0:19:31.959 of Norway's uncle. His brother was King Eric the Second. 0:19:32.400 --> 0:19:35.240 We've had a surprising number of family relatives say they 0:19:35.280 --> 0:19:39.240 recognize impostors as the real deal, like pretty much throughout 0:19:39.240 --> 0:19:43.359 this whole season, But that is definitely not the case 0:19:43.440 --> 0:19:47.760 with Uncle Hacken. He didn't believe any part of False 0:19:47.800 --> 0:19:50.880 Margaret's story, and she was convicted of fraud from masquerading 0:19:50.880 --> 0:19:54.240 as Margaret made of Norway. So because of the distance 0:19:54.280 --> 0:19:56.880 this story has in the past, as we already said, 0:19:56.880 --> 0:19:59.159 we don't know the real name of False Margaret, and 0:19:59.200 --> 0:20:02.760 we certainly don't know what her motivations were. It's possible 0:20:02.840 --> 0:20:05.159 she and her husband were hoping to take the throne 0:20:05.160 --> 0:20:08.399 in an epic ruse. Maybe this was an act they 0:20:08.400 --> 0:20:11.199 had concocted themselves, or perhaps it was even part of 0:20:11.200 --> 0:20:14.919 a bigger plan they had hatched with collaborators. But she 0:20:15.040 --> 0:20:17.359 also might not have even known that she wasn't really 0:20:17.400 --> 0:20:21.040 in a position to be any kind of powerful leader 0:20:21.080 --> 0:20:23.480 in this because she wasn't actually in the line of 0:20:23.520 --> 0:20:27.040 succession in Norway, which makes any reason for making this 0:20:27.160 --> 0:20:31.439 claim that much more inscrutable. Regardless of what prompted False 0:20:31.480 --> 0:20:36.040 Margaret's claim, it ended rather unsuccessfully and with a very 0:20:36.080 --> 0:20:39.879 definitive final act. In thirteen o one, she and her 0:20:39.960 --> 0:20:43.760 husband were both burned at state, but some reports differ 0:20:43.840 --> 0:20:47.680 in the manner of their executions, though so all accounts. 0:20:48.080 --> 0:20:51.480 All accounts report that False Margaret was burned at the stake, 0:20:51.960 --> 0:20:54.760 but her husband may have been burned, but he may 0:20:54.880 --> 0:20:59.040 also have instead been beheaded. Not that either of those 0:20:59.080 --> 0:21:03.680 things here choice. I wouldn't like to have to pick 0:21:03.760 --> 0:21:08.640 one that would not either. Although there are so many 0:21:08.680 --> 0:21:11.919 details lost to history, we do know False Margaret and 0:21:12.040 --> 0:21:16.760 Mary Made of Norway did capture imaginations enough that false 0:21:16.840 --> 0:21:20.600 Margaret and the real Margaret have been woven into Norwegian folklore, 0:21:20.920 --> 0:21:29.280 appearing as the betrayed Princess in ballads and tales. There's 0:21:29.280 --> 0:21:32.200 no way to transition from that into our mock tail sections. 0:21:32.280 --> 0:21:36.320 I'm just totally honest. I can't do it here. That's 0:21:36.359 --> 0:21:39.119 what I'm here for. I know it's actually wrote down 0:21:39.160 --> 0:21:41.320 that I was going to make a lobbly transition over 0:21:41.359 --> 0:21:46.840 to you, because the mock tail is called the Betrayed Princess. 0:21:46.960 --> 0:21:50.240 Oh that's excellent. So here's the thing I knew about 0:21:50.320 --> 0:21:55.400 Norway already. Norway is rather famous for its impressive berry crops. 0:21:56.480 --> 0:21:58.280 I don't know if you knew that. I did not 0:21:58.440 --> 0:22:01.520 know that They've got this Aggrica ulture jam down pat 0:22:01.640 --> 0:22:06.840 and so strawberries, raspberries, etcetera, all very very successfully grown there. 0:22:07.200 --> 0:22:09.359 And so that got me thinking about a berry drink 0:22:09.480 --> 0:22:11.520 and a berry base for a drink. And then I 0:22:11.560 --> 0:22:13.960 thought about a drink that I love and was like, 0:22:14.119 --> 0:22:16.639 can I make a version of this without alcohol? That 0:22:16.760 --> 0:22:22.080 is super yummy. Have you ever had a strawberry balsamic smash? No, 0:22:22.640 --> 0:22:24.880 it has strawberry balsamic together, but not in a drink. 0:22:25.920 --> 0:22:30.200 Delicious Okay, so this is basically a non alcoholic version 0:22:30.240 --> 0:22:34.280 of that. You're gonna put right into your rocks glass. 0:22:34.320 --> 0:22:37.600 No ice in there yet, one to two slices of lime, 0:22:37.720 --> 0:22:41.240 depending on how much you like your your citrus element. 0:22:41.440 --> 0:22:45.159 Love it one strawberry, a good sized strawberry and you 0:22:45.160 --> 0:22:47.879 want it right, a couple of blueberries, and like a 0:22:47.960 --> 0:22:51.359 nice fat BlackBerry. And then you're gonna put a half 0:22:51.359 --> 0:22:54.399 teaspoon of balsamic in there. Get out your muddler or 0:22:54.400 --> 0:22:56.840 your wooden spoon, and just give it a little a 0:22:56.840 --> 0:22:59.000 little mash. Again, as I always say, with the muddler, 0:22:59.080 --> 0:23:01.960 don't pulverize. You're just trying to bring everything out. You 0:23:02.000 --> 0:23:05.600 don't want to make like a gross pulp of the situation. 0:23:06.119 --> 0:23:08.320 You want to be able to recognize that it started 0:23:08.359 --> 0:23:13.639 as fruit. So then once you've got that mashed a 0:23:13.680 --> 0:23:16.480 little bit, you're gonna add a half ounce of simple 0:23:16.520 --> 0:23:18.560 syrup or a vanilla syrup. You know, I was like 0:23:18.600 --> 0:23:22.960 a vanilla, a dash of lime juice, give it a 0:23:22.960 --> 0:23:26.760 little stir, add in a whole lot of ice, and 0:23:26.800 --> 0:23:30.239 then you're gonna slowly pour your ginger ale over that 0:23:30.280 --> 0:23:32.399 while you keep stirring it to make sure that fruit 0:23:32.480 --> 0:23:36.440 integrates with the ginger ale, it becomes this beautiful, pinkish red. 0:23:37.520 --> 0:23:42.040 I also did a version where I threw some basil 0:23:42.119 --> 0:23:45.000