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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you should know, a production of My

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Speaker 1: Heart Radios How Stuff Works. He and welcome to the podcast.

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Speaker 1: I'm Josh Clark, and there's Charles W. Chuck Bryant, and

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Speaker 1: there's Jerry over there. And this is crystals. How you doing? Man? Well,

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Speaker 1: what do you think? This is? This? It's okay? Is it?

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Speaker 1: The the source material is not great. We won't say

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Speaker 1: where we got it. But um, I think that once

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Speaker 1: we kind of make it through the the structure part

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Speaker 1: will will be home free. Plus it's I mean plus

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Speaker 1: it's crystals, like they're they're so worth understanding, going to

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Speaker 1: the trouble of understanding because they are um basically a

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Speaker 1: finger in the eye to the tendency of the universe

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Speaker 1: to move towards chaos and disorder. Because a crystal is

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Speaker 1: the most ordered structure in the universe. It's a a

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Speaker 1: pattern that repeats over and over and over again, so

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Speaker 1: much so that in a crystal, if you look at

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Speaker 1: a perfectly formed, pure crystal that that came to be

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Speaker 1: under ideal conditions, the shape that you're looking at, if

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Speaker 1: you could zoom in to the smallest three dimensional unit

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Speaker 1: of atoms inside that crystal, it would be the exact

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Speaker 1: same shape. Yeah, I mean that is one uh, the

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Speaker 1: one positive I took out of this article was just

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Speaker 1: that thing. Early on the author did about the word

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Speaker 1: crystallize m that we take colloquially. Colloquially, that was a

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Speaker 1: couple of extrals in there that we take to you

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Speaker 1: know what, everyone knows what that means, and it means like,

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Speaker 1: you know, someone has distilled and made order out of

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Speaker 1: something tough, uh, with their with their mouth words, right,

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Speaker 1: and that makes sense. Yeah, So when you when you

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Speaker 1: think about like an actual physical crystal, you get why

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Speaker 1: that word came from that, because it is that it

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Speaker 1: is this extreme order where all these molecules come together

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Speaker 1: as friends to be perfect together. So um, so we

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Speaker 1: both love crystals for basically the same reason. It sounds like, right, yeah,

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Speaker 1: and like that. Before I started researching this, I just thought,

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Speaker 1: I don't know, like crystals were just the things you

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Speaker 1: buy in little five points at the shop with the

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Speaker 1: cookie person who you know, wears them on their forehead

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Speaker 1: for healing chakras. Before they were cool and I didn't

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Speaker 1: I didn't even realize that It's like crystals are also

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Speaker 1: salt and sugar and snowflakes and diamonds and rubies. It's

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Speaker 1: it's uh like you're you're a crystal as far as

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Speaker 1: I'm concerned, So are you, Chuck? Thanks? Can we all

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Speaker 1: be crystals in our heart? Should our heart chakras? Yes? So?

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Speaker 1: Um yeah. There was a big takeaway from me too,

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Speaker 1: was the fact that crystals aren't necessarily a thing. There

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Speaker 1: a type of structure that a thing can fall into,

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Speaker 1: you know what I mean? Ye, and there and there's

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Speaker 1: seven basic shapes or lattices that a crystal can take cubic, trigonal,

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Speaker 1: try clinic, mh orthorhombic, triamic, triaminic, hexagonal, tetragonal, and monoclinic monoclinic.

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Speaker 1: I don't I think there's like ten people on the

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Speaker 1: planet who say that word out loud. Ever, so however

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Speaker 1: you want to say, nine of them will email us, right,

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Speaker 1: so um yeah, And again there's lattice shapes that you

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Speaker 1: just described. Those are three dimensional structures arrangements of atoms

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Speaker 1: and the crystal itself that you can sit and hold

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Speaker 1: in your hand and be like, I can feel the

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Speaker 1: energy just pulsating through this um. If you zoomed in

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Speaker 1: the smallest three dimensional arrangement of atoms that that forms

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Speaker 1: a pattern that can be repeated. The minimal size pattern

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Speaker 1: that's repeated is called the unit cell that is the

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Speaker 1: exact same shape. I just I can't. I'm gonna say

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Speaker 1: that five different times I think in this episode. So

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Speaker 1: there's two okay, and um, oh hey sorry, I know

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Speaker 1: we've already gotten started, but do you mind if I

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Speaker 1: do a little plug here? Who I know it's yeah, sure,

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Speaker 1: Josh's Crystal Shop. So just real quick, everybody, jeez, this

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Speaker 1: is really poorly placed, isn't it. I think it's great.

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Speaker 1: We're not talking about Crystal, so it's good. Right, So

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Speaker 1: I wanted to plug. I'm gonna do some live shows chuck. Yeah. Um,

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Speaker 1: I'm going to be in Minneapolis at the Parkway Theater

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Speaker 1: on June eight, okay, okay, and then the next night

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Speaker 1: on June time supposed to be Yes, you are. I've

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Speaker 1: got a firm row seat reserve for you both, and

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Speaker 1: it's gonna I'm gonna have actually a cardboard cutout of

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Speaker 1: you sitting there so everybody will know, they'll notice have

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Speaker 1: chucked in and show up, you know what I mean.

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Speaker 1: The next night, Um, you're going to have to travel

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Speaker 1: to d C. Because that's where I will be at

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Speaker 1: the Miracle Theater on June. And um, if people were

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Speaker 1: so inclined to buy tickets, they could go to the

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Speaker 1: the Parkway Theater dot com or the Miracle Theater dot

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Speaker 1: com and there's tickets there. And I assume this is

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Speaker 1: into the World material correct, Yeah, sorry, thanks for that.

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Speaker 1: I'm so bad at this. Um the the It's the

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Speaker 1: End of the World Live. And whether you've seen the

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Speaker 1: Listen to the End of the World series by now

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Speaker 1: the podcast series and made um or not, you would

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Speaker 1: still get something out of This is gonna be a

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Speaker 1: pretty cool show because it kind of takes these seams

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Speaker 1: and expands on them and explores other other avenues, other

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Speaker 1: blind allies that I can't go down in the series.

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Speaker 1: I love it. Go everybody, go, go go. I appreciate that,

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Speaker 1: of course. So obviously we're talking about crystals again now, Yeah, so, uh,

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Speaker 1: crystals can be very small, like and we you know,

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Speaker 1: are a great snowflake episode is a pretty good example,

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Speaker 1: or they can be very big and the longer these

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Speaker 1: crystals grow, the bigger they're gonna get and they're gonna

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Speaker 1: have fewer contaminants. Although as we will learn when we

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Speaker 1: talk about gemstones, those contaminants are where they get their

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Speaker 1: brilliant colors. Right, yeah, so you kind of want contaminants.

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Speaker 1: But most crystals, from from what I understand, are colorless,

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Speaker 1: Like most um uh, pure crystals are colorless. Pure just

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Speaker 1: don't say pure crystal. That's different. That's different things. So, um,

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Speaker 1: you hit upon something that I think is also worth

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Speaker 1: pointing out. Like usually when people think of crystals, again,

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Speaker 1: they're thinking of like that little five points hippie shop

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Speaker 1: kind of crystal, and you imagine it being formed in

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Speaker 1: like a cave or in some sort of fissure in

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Speaker 1: the earth or something like that somewhere inside the earth.

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Speaker 1: But like you said, snowflakes they form above the earth,

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Speaker 1: Salt forms on the earth surface. These are all crystals.

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Speaker 1: So again, a crystal is not necessarily just a thing.

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Speaker 1: It's a it's a structure. It's a repeating pattern of

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Speaker 1: an arrangement of atoms that is a crystal. And one

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Speaker 1: way to remember this um or to really just kind

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Speaker 1: of have the the awe smacked into your your forehead

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Speaker 1: chakra is carbon can be arranged in different ways, so

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Speaker 1: the same the same molecule of carbon can be arranged

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Speaker 1: in a way, um that makes it graphite or makes

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Speaker 1: it a diamond. So, chemically speaking, diamonds and graphites are

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Speaker 1: the exact same thing. Um. Crystallogically speaking, they are two

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Speaker 1: different things because they form two different crystalline structures. Right.

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Speaker 1: And if you're confused by saying the words little five

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Speaker 1: points to time times, uh, we just assume everyone is

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Speaker 1: from our neighborhood in Atlanta. But that isn't an area

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Speaker 1: of Atlanta where you can find a drum circle or

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Speaker 1: buy a crystal or some parking stocks, or some high

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Speaker 1: quality incense, or pure crystal, or probably pure crystal in

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Speaker 1: the white corner. If there's a pretty good Halloween parade too. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: you know, it's great. It's it's remained fairly unchanged since

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Speaker 1: I was hanging out there in high school. It's it's

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Speaker 1: kind of kind of great in that way. I would

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Speaker 1: think just about every city has its own version of

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Speaker 1: little five points, wouldn't you. Yeah, absolutely, I've been to

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Speaker 1: them in every city. Okay, so there you go. So

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Speaker 1: that's what we're talking about when we see a little

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Speaker 1: five points everybody. Yes, So, um, let's talk crystal, Let's

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Speaker 1: talk how how um like what an actual crystal is

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Speaker 1: made from or how it's made. I guess no, No,

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Speaker 1: I still can't come up with the word what makes

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Speaker 1: a crystal? Crystal? That's what I'm looking for, Yeah, because

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Speaker 1: it can get really confusing if you think about the

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Speaker 1: fact that crystals can be salt or snowflakes, or semiconductors

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Speaker 1: or in a computer display monitor or a television as

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Speaker 1: liquid crystal. It's and I know we've hammered this home,

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Speaker 1: but it's it's really all those things. Because crystals are

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Speaker 1: a formation, right, right, So you you take atoms of

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Speaker 1: a certain type of variety UM. Usually ions are a

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Speaker 1: big early like predecessor atom of um crystals ions, right,

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Speaker 1: they're either positively or negatively charged atoms as an ion, right,

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Speaker 1: so they've got an extra electron. They are missing an electron.

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Speaker 1: Something went horribly awry with their electrons and it converted

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Speaker 1: this atom into a charged atom. And those ions can

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Speaker 1: attract other ions, they can repel certain kinds of ions,

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Speaker 1: and they start to clump together in a certain way,

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Speaker 1: and they will depending on the ion um or eventually

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Speaker 1: the atom. I don't think you have to have ions

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Speaker 1: to have crystals. I just think they're the most common

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Speaker 1: basic type of atom that you find in a crystal.

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Speaker 1: But depending on the type of ion or atom that

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Speaker 1: starts setting off this um aggregation or attraction of other

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Speaker 1: atoms into a clump, it's going to start to form

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Speaker 1: a three dimensional model what I spoke about earlier, what

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Speaker 1: are called unit cells, and that little three dimensional model

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Speaker 1: is going to start attracting more atoms, and another three

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Speaker 1: dimensional model the exact same variety is going to be built.

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Speaker 1: And now you've just gone from a unit cell, the

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Speaker 1: most basic unit of the three dimensional shape of a crystal,

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Speaker 1: into the lattice, which is the build out of that

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Speaker 1: that unit upon unit upon unit upon unit that just

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Speaker 1: can keep going and going virtually and definitely. Yeah, it's

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Speaker 1: almost like they these ions are attracted and when they

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Speaker 1: get there or they see what's going on, what kind

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Speaker 1: of party they're having, and they're like that looks great

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Speaker 1: to me. Yep, Like I'm gonna jump in there, and

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Speaker 1: why would I want to mess it up by being

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Speaker 1: any different? Yeah, I really feel like falling in line.

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Speaker 1: It's kind of a fastest piece of matter if you

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Speaker 1: think about it, a crystal. Yeah, And there were another

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Speaker 1: couple of decent descriptions um or metaphors, I guess in

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Speaker 1: this article in terms of long range order and short

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Speaker 1: range order. I thought that made a little bit of sense.

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Speaker 1: Um uh if if because crystals, like you said, can

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Speaker 1: it can be a single crystal, or it can be

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Speaker 1: a very large structure. And if it's a long range order,

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Speaker 1: they liken it to like a halftime band, all marching

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Speaker 1: in formation, like two people all together in synchronicity like that. Okay,

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Speaker 1: does that sound about right? Yeah? I just found that

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Speaker 1: deeply confusing, but I got it now once you explained it,

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Speaker 1: I got it. Uh. Short range order, on the other hand,

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Speaker 1: they like into that marching band, scattering around into smaller

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Speaker 1: sub units, and this is more like liquid crystal like

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Speaker 1: you would find in a TV monitor. Yeah. And so

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Speaker 1: from the research that I saw this, short range crystals

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Speaker 1: almost didn't even need to be mentioned in this UM

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Speaker 1: article because it has so few um it appears in

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Speaker 1: so few places that really, when you're talking about crystals,

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Speaker 1: it almost by definition has to have long range structure.

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Speaker 1: I mean you usually think almost always of crystals is

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Speaker 1: solid manner right exactly, um with with basically short ranges,

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Speaker 1: just this crystalline structure, the unit cell forms over a

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Speaker 1: few atoms, and anything beyond that is long range, and

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Speaker 1: that's when you start to get into the money. Crystals,

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Speaker 1: I guess is what you call them. Yeah, you want

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Speaker 1: to take a break. Sure you're feeling okay so far?

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Speaker 1: I'm all right. Yeah, me too. Man, Uh, we will

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Speaker 1: be right back, everybody. We're gonna go breathe into a

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Speaker 1: paper bag. Okay, we're back. We went through three paper bags.

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Speaker 1: It's so funny after eleven years, we still care enough

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Speaker 1: that we can feel like we're hanging on by our fingernails,

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Speaker 1: but we still pushed through and generally get it right.

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Speaker 1: I'm good with generally correct, right, Yeah, Um, most of

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Speaker 1: the time we get it right. There's there's that little

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Speaker 1: bit of impurity, and those impurities give the individual podcasts.

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Speaker 1: They're brilliant hues. That makes some jams very nice. So, um,

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Speaker 1: there's a little more to talk about about how crystals form.

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Speaker 1: Right again, when we're talking about crystals, I guarantee you

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Speaker 1: the thing coming into your mind is an amethyst or

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Speaker 1: maybe even you're you're savvy enough to know that precious

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Speaker 1: gems are also crystals, like sapphires or rubies or something

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Speaker 1: like that. Um, that's probably what's coming into your head

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Speaker 1: and what you're seeing there, what you're imagining this brilliant, beautiful, translucent,

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Speaker 1: uh perfect shape with a bunch of different facets that

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Speaker 1: are on display. That is, that's a kind of crystal.

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Speaker 1: But what you're talking about is a kind of crystal

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Speaker 1: that formed under ideal conditions. And those ideal conditions are

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Speaker 1: very rare, which is why gemstones tend to be pretty

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Speaker 1: rare more often than not. What what you will see

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Speaker 1: in nature or you know, just on the ground, or

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Speaker 1: you know, in some kids backpack. I don't know, I'm

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Speaker 1: grasping at straws right now. Um are what are called

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Speaker 1: poly crystals where the conditions that the crystals formed under

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Speaker 1: and we'll talk about how crystals form in a second,

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Speaker 1: but the conditions that they formed under were not ideal,

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Speaker 1: and there were a bunch of different kinds of ad

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Speaker 1: is present. And so rather than forming one beautiful single crystal,

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Speaker 1: because again, when you have this giant, beautiful tetrahedron of

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Speaker 1: amethyst in your hand, that is one that's considered one

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Speaker 1: single crystal, it's one giant crystal. If you have a

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Speaker 1: big rock with a bunch of like um, pyrite in

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Speaker 1: it just kind of sparkling back at you. What you're

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Speaker 1: holding is a countless number of individual crystals that all

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Speaker 1: kind of grew together, and rather than forming one beautiful crystal,

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Speaker 1: they formed one big lump or mass, and it's still

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Speaker 1: a bunch of crystals, and it's still as crystalline structure.

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Speaker 1: It's just multiple crystals, and it's called a poly crystal,

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Speaker 1: and that's what you see much more frequently, because again,

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Speaker 1: conditions for crystals to grow under are infrequently ideal. Right,

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Speaker 1: And this is where I step in and make the

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Speaker 1: one joke that I thought up during that which that

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Speaker 1: Tetrahydron of Amethysts was the best Yes album. Yeah, let's

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Speaker 1: a good one. Yes, I have to say, Yes did

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Speaker 1: second to Iron Maiden and Beautiful album covers. They were

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Speaker 1: pretty good. They had great ones. Um So, polychress, contrary

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Speaker 1: to what you might think or here or read, are

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Speaker 1: not stronger than single crystals because it's like, uh, I mean,

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Speaker 1: it kind of makes sense. If you're assembling a model

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Speaker 1: from a hundred pieces, it's probably not as strong as

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Speaker 1: something that's made from one thing because where they join,

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Speaker 1: it's gonna have weak points. That's a million percent right right,

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Speaker 1: Because again, if you if you realize that a beautiful

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Speaker 1: giant crystal is just one solid piece, those all those

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Speaker 1: little smaller crystals, they they're going to break apart much

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Speaker 1: more easily because they have weak spots. They're not joined

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Speaker 1: together with these amazing covalent or ionic bonds that are

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Speaker 1: holding that that single crystal together. So it makes sense

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Speaker 1: in that respect. So, um, let's talk about how crystals

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Speaker 1: are formed. Do you want to? There's really basically just

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Speaker 1: three ways that before and whether whether they're human made

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Speaker 1: or made in nature, they basically come about three different ways. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: And um, I'm gonna skip out of order here because

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Speaker 1: for the kids out there, you can actually grow a

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Speaker 1: crystal at home in pretty short order and it's pretty neat.

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Speaker 1: So if you are a kid, or if you're a

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Speaker 1: parent with some kids, here's what one kind of fun

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Speaker 1: thing that you can do. And this is how to

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Speaker 1: make a crystal out of a solution, which is one

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Speaker 1: of the three ways. Uh, you can actually grow a

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Speaker 1: sodium chloride salt crystal in just a few days. It's

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Speaker 1: not the kind of thing you need to wait around

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Speaker 1: like a year, four or millions of years. That's right.

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Speaker 1: So to do this, kids, you need get some whatever

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Speaker 1: kind of salt you can, but you can just get

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Speaker 1: regular sodium chloride, table salt, some distilled water, a glass,

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Speaker 1: uh like bell jar, any kind of glass is great, um,

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Speaker 1: and then a spoon. You stir salt into boiling hot

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Speaker 1: water until no more of it will dissolve, and you're

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Speaker 1: gonna start to see some crystal start starting to appear

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Speaker 1: at the bottom of this thing. And make sure the

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Speaker 1: water is as close to boiling as you can get.

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Speaker 1: Then you're gonna pour that solution into that clear jar

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Speaker 1: and you put the spoon there is just to make

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Speaker 1: sure the jar doesn't break. That always helps, okay. Is

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Speaker 1: that we've got to do a short stuff on the

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Speaker 1: physics of that someday. Yeah, yeah, I remember that was

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Speaker 1: an old like uh waiting tables trick when you made

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Speaker 1: ice coffee, which is just when what we did was

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Speaker 1: just pour hot coffee and a big thing ice. Sure,

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Speaker 1: well this is pre hot coffee cold brew. Yeah. Um.

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Speaker 1: So then you suspend a string, that string that I

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Speaker 1: told you about, uh into the jar from a spoon

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Speaker 1: and just laid across the top of the jar, so

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Speaker 1: it's hanging down in that solution and then just don't

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Speaker 1: touch it for a while and you will literally see

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Speaker 1: crystals forming on this string over the next few days. Yep,

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Speaker 1: it's really really cool. It is very cool. Um. I

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Speaker 1: saw another experiment you could do at home. It's got

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Speaker 1: a couple of extra steps, but you can make um

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Speaker 1: a beautiful kind a magenta colored crystal with um just

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Speaker 1: straight up album and a couple of things. You grow

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Speaker 1: a seed crystal and you use that you dangle it

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Speaker 1: like on a string, like you were saying, but it

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Speaker 1: actually grows more crystals up to it as well, So

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Speaker 1: you can grow the stuff at home. And both of

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Speaker 1: those are crystal grown from solution and crystal grown from solution.

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Speaker 1: Is like you were just saying. You put in salt

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Speaker 1: into hot water until you can't dissolve it anymore. That

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Speaker 1: means that the salt or the water has become saturated

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Speaker 1: with salt. No, it cannot hold any more salt, right, sorry,

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Speaker 1: t s. But that salt gotta go somewhere and it

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Speaker 1: will eventually be forced into a solid state, especially as

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Speaker 1: that liquid cools. Because water that's warmer or anything that's warmer,

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Speaker 1: means that that the atoms and the molecules are further apart,

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Speaker 1: which means there's more space for salt. But as that

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Speaker 1: water cools down, that space shrinks and that salt's gotta

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Speaker 1: go somewhere, so it turn into the solid state and

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Speaker 1: forms crystals. And it's that that happens with salt at

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Speaker 1: a relatively cool temperature at a relatively low pressure, you know,

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Speaker 1: basically sea level pressure on Earth. But that same thing

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Speaker 1: can happen under water and hydrothermal vents. It can happen

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Speaker 1: with magma inside the mantle of the Earth. Um, there's

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Speaker 1: there's the ship. The conditions can change, so you have

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Speaker 1: different temperatures, different pressures, different types of atoms, and they'll

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Speaker 1: form under those different conditions, different kinds of things. But

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Speaker 1: crystals can form anywhere. They can form on the surface

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Speaker 1: of the Earth again, in clouds and inside the Earth itself. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: And if you're going to grow from a solution like that,

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Speaker 1: like you do in your kitchen, you can produce crystals

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Speaker 1: much much faster, and produce bigger crystals than you can

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Speaker 1: with a vapor deposition, which is you know, snowflakes, which

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Speaker 1: we've talked about a lot on the show, which is

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Speaker 1: basically so vapor depic is basically the same thing. Instead

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Speaker 1: of a liquid solution becoming super saturated, a gaseous solution

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00:21:09,520 --> 00:21:12,800
Speaker 1: has become super saturated saturated and so that the water

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Speaker 1: vapor can't the air can't hold anymore, so it pushes

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Speaker 1: it into a solid state and forms snow flakes. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: Then there's a third method, uh, from growth from melt,

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Speaker 1: which is really kind of interesting. And there's a few

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Speaker 1: different ways to do this too. Um. But basically what

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Speaker 1: you're doing is you're cooling a gas until it's a

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Speaker 1: liquid and then chilling that liquid until it starts that

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Speaker 1: you know, crystallization process. Uh. And there's there's a few ways.

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Speaker 1: There's one called crystal pulling or the here we go

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Speaker 1: zakrawl Ski method. Yeah. And this is this is a

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00:21:49,960 --> 00:21:52,919
Speaker 1: human made method of creating crystals, right. Yeah. It was

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Speaker 1: named from a Polish scientist by the name of Za

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Speaker 1: karl Ski Kasimir funk Uh in nineteen fifteen. And this,

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00:22:00,640 --> 00:22:03,920
Speaker 1: you know, all of these involved actual machines and this

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Speaker 1: you know when you hear about superconductors and stuff like that,

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Speaker 1: like this is these are man made things. Are human

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Speaker 1: made things, uh, And methods and processes that people figured

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Speaker 1: out a long long time ago, right, Crystal pulling is

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Speaker 1: pretty not so amazing. Did you see any videos on it? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I watched some videos and looked at like some still

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Speaker 1: images of the machinery. It is pretty cool. So it's like,

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Speaker 1: do you do that science experiment that I found where

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Speaker 1: you created crystal and then you tie it to a

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Speaker 1: fishing line. You basically just hang it over the solution.

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Speaker 1: This is that's a very simple version of what they're

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Speaker 1: doing with crystal pulling. You're using a seed crystal that

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Speaker 1: is basically providing the structure for the solution below it.

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Speaker 1: You you just touch that seed crystal just to the solution,

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Speaker 1: and it basically sets off an attractive chain reaction that

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Speaker 1: creates a crystal. So you slowly raise the crystal upward

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00:22:56,480 --> 00:23:01,040
Speaker 1: or that seed crystal upward, and the crystal follows it

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Speaker 1: out of the solution. Essentially. Yes, it is. That's another

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Speaker 1: reason why I love crystals. It's just the way that

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Speaker 1: they form is so astounding ly awesome. And and with

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Speaker 1: crystal pulling in particular, this is kind of an old technology.

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Speaker 1: I think it's from the early nineteen hundreds when it

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Speaker 1: was first invented, and um since then, they've gotten so

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Speaker 1: good at it, and it's so perfectly automated that they

384
00:23:30,280 --> 00:23:35,240
Speaker 1: can calculate how fast the crystal forms went under crystal pulling,

385
00:23:35,440 --> 00:23:38,679
Speaker 1: and so they will have the machine raise that seed

386
00:23:38,720 --> 00:23:42,520
Speaker 1: crystal at the rate of crystal formation. And now they

387
00:23:42,520 --> 00:23:47,000
Speaker 1: can get to places where they're forming um crystals that

388
00:23:47,160 --> 00:23:50,560
Speaker 1: have like, uh, there are a foot around in diameter

389
00:23:51,400 --> 00:23:54,440
Speaker 1: that that are just perfect, absolutely perfect crystals because also

390
00:23:54,720 --> 00:23:57,600
Speaker 1: the solution that they're using that they're dipping that that

391
00:23:57,800 --> 00:24:01,600
Speaker 1: seed crystal into has been purified, so it's the absolutely

392
00:24:01,680 --> 00:24:04,280
Speaker 1: pure version of whatever you're trying to make a crystal

393
00:24:04,320 --> 00:24:07,560
Speaker 1: out of. So, uh, say that you could make diamonds

394
00:24:07,560 --> 00:24:10,120
Speaker 1: out of this, you could. You would have pure carbon

395
00:24:10,880 --> 00:24:13,800
Speaker 1: in in a solution usually melted, and then you would

396
00:24:13,800 --> 00:24:17,000
Speaker 1: have a diamond um dangling down as the seed and

397
00:24:17,040 --> 00:24:19,600
Speaker 1: you would grow a seed diamond. That's not how you

398
00:24:19,600 --> 00:24:21,560
Speaker 1: can make diamonds, but that's how they that's what they

399
00:24:21,600 --> 00:24:26,000
Speaker 1: do with um silicon. Actually, yeah, and there's another method

400
00:24:26,320 --> 00:24:29,439
Speaker 1: um from from with the you know, the melting method

401
00:24:29,600 --> 00:24:34,400
Speaker 1: called the Bridgeman stock Barger method, named for Percy Bridgeman

402
00:24:34,600 --> 00:24:38,760
Speaker 1: and Donald stock Barger. I guess it's so hard g right. Sure,

403
00:24:38,800 --> 00:24:41,600
Speaker 1: he's stock Barger. He's the Art Garfunkle of the crystal

404
00:24:41,760 --> 00:24:45,080
Speaker 1: manufacturing world. And from what I got, this is used

405
00:24:46,119 --> 00:24:51,680
Speaker 1: when the crystal pulling method isn't so great for certain materials. Right,

406
00:24:52,000 --> 00:24:53,960
Speaker 1: And in this case, you take it's sort of like

407
00:24:54,040 --> 00:24:58,359
Speaker 1: take an ice cream cone shape, a conical shape, and

408
00:24:58,440 --> 00:25:01,840
Speaker 1: you lower it, uh, fill it with molten material, lower

409
00:25:01,880 --> 00:25:04,959
Speaker 1: it into a cooler area, so it cools from that

410
00:25:05,040 --> 00:25:09,600
Speaker 1: very bottom tip, just the tip, just the tip upward. Um,

411
00:25:09,640 --> 00:25:11,560
Speaker 1: and it just kind of the same way. It just

412
00:25:11,600 --> 00:25:14,040
Speaker 1: sort of works this way up joining the party saying

413
00:25:14,080 --> 00:25:15,719
Speaker 1: this looks good. I like the way you guys are

414
00:25:15,720 --> 00:25:18,200
Speaker 1: shaped and ordered. I'm just gonna jump right in. Yeah.

415
00:25:18,240 --> 00:25:21,040
Speaker 1: So as the tip of that cone goes further downward

416
00:25:21,119 --> 00:25:25,639
Speaker 1: into the colder temperature, that crystal grows upward in the tube,

417
00:25:26,040 --> 00:25:28,600
Speaker 1: right yeah. And then eventually you have a whole tube

418
00:25:28,760 --> 00:25:31,320
Speaker 1: that's just one one giant crystal, that's right. And then

419
00:25:31,359 --> 00:25:33,280
Speaker 1: you think, how am I going to get that out

420
00:25:33,320 --> 00:25:36,840
Speaker 1: of here? Oh? Yeah, I hadn't really pluck this out

421
00:25:36,920 --> 00:25:39,879
Speaker 1: all the way. I just got a beautiful crystal trapped

422
00:25:39,920 --> 00:25:43,199
Speaker 1: into a canonical tube. I'm sure this, I'm sure it

423
00:25:43,240 --> 00:25:46,240
Speaker 1: opens don't you think, Well, maybe that's where what was

424
00:25:46,280 --> 00:25:50,000
Speaker 1: the second name of that, I can't remember Donald, this

425
00:25:49,960 --> 00:25:52,159
Speaker 1: is his first name. Well maybe that's where Donald. That

426
00:25:52,240 --> 00:25:55,119
Speaker 1: was his big contribution was maybe having a hatch on

427
00:25:55,160 --> 00:25:57,960
Speaker 1: the back. Yeah, I imagine there's something like that. So

428
00:25:58,280 --> 00:25:59,920
Speaker 1: if I were going to put my money down on

429
00:26:00,040 --> 00:26:05,560
Speaker 1: the best human made synthetic crystal um process, it would

430
00:26:05,560 --> 00:26:12,359
Speaker 1: be epitaxi and in particular UM molecular deposition, molecular molecular

431
00:26:12,400 --> 00:26:17,600
Speaker 1: beam epitaxi. Yeah, and this is one again where you're growing.

432
00:26:18,119 --> 00:26:19,960
Speaker 1: I mean, all of these kind of start with a

433
00:26:20,000 --> 00:26:23,720
Speaker 1: base crystal and it grows from there. And in this case,

434
00:26:24,359 --> 00:26:30,280
Speaker 1: the base has to be just like atomically flat. That's

435
00:26:30,280 --> 00:26:33,560
Speaker 1: a good band name too. Atomically flat is pretty good

436
00:26:33,640 --> 00:26:37,600
Speaker 1: not bad math rock. Yeah, of course. So with the

437
00:26:37,720 --> 00:26:40,040
Speaker 1: with the reason it has to be atomically flat is

438
00:26:40,040 --> 00:26:43,160
Speaker 1: because you want to build from a pure crystal structure.

439
00:26:43,440 --> 00:26:49,840
Speaker 1: And again, if you introduce atoms, especially like um, previously

440
00:26:50,720 --> 00:26:53,840
Speaker 1: sordid atoms, like the kind of atoms you want UH

441
00:26:53,880 --> 00:26:57,440
Speaker 1: to build this crystal structure out of um, they will

442
00:26:57,560 --> 00:27:01,120
Speaker 1: fall into this arrangement when they're introduced to a crystalline structure.

443
00:27:01,160 --> 00:27:04,600
Speaker 1: That's already there, and then they layer by layer, atomic

444
00:27:04,680 --> 00:27:08,919
Speaker 1: layer by atomic layer will form a crystal. Uh. That

445
00:27:09,040 --> 00:27:12,320
Speaker 1: that's built out. And with molecular beam in particular, you're

446
00:27:12,400 --> 00:27:17,639
Speaker 1: shooting a beam of atoms across this perfectly flat substrate,

447
00:27:18,200 --> 00:27:20,960
Speaker 1: and um, they are. They're introduced in a way so

448
00:27:21,000 --> 00:27:23,560
Speaker 1: they don't collide with one another. They just click click

449
00:27:23,560 --> 00:27:27,080
Speaker 1: click right into place. Yeah. Again this There were a

450
00:27:27,160 --> 00:27:30,000
Speaker 1: couple of decent um examples in here, and this one

451
00:27:30,080 --> 00:27:32,679
Speaker 1: they said, if you think of a wrack of billiard balls,

452
00:27:33,280 --> 00:27:35,440
Speaker 1: and if you just throw a ball on top of that,

453
00:27:36,000 --> 00:27:39,280
Speaker 1: it will come to rest somewhere, you know, who knows where,

454
00:27:39,280 --> 00:27:42,119
Speaker 1: but somewhere between those other balls. It's not gonna It

455
00:27:42,119 --> 00:27:44,240
Speaker 1: would be pretty amazing if it just sat directly on

456
00:27:44,280 --> 00:27:46,520
Speaker 1: top of one of the balls, but that's not gonna happen.

457
00:27:46,560 --> 00:27:49,480
Speaker 1: It's gonna find its place where it fits best. It

458
00:27:49,520 --> 00:27:52,400
Speaker 1: gets in where it fits in. Yeah. Um. And then

459
00:27:53,080 --> 00:27:57,800
Speaker 1: that was from roundabout. Uh. Then there's chemical vapor death position,

460
00:27:57,840 --> 00:27:59,840
Speaker 1: which is the same thing, but instead of a beam

461
00:27:59,840 --> 00:28:04,240
Speaker 1: of molecules that you're sending over that substrate, you're shooting vapor.

462
00:28:04,359 --> 00:28:06,399
Speaker 1: You're just blowing vapor over it. And that way the

463
00:28:06,480 --> 00:28:09,680
Speaker 1: atoms kind of link up too. Yeah, and that's faster, right,

464
00:28:10,200 --> 00:28:14,639
Speaker 1: it's faster. And that's what they used for synthetic diamonds. Now,

465
00:28:16,119 --> 00:28:20,840
Speaker 1: I know I needed it yesterday. Remember the diamonique from

466
00:28:20,880 --> 00:28:25,720
Speaker 1: the nineties. I don't remember diamonique. Remember diamonoid and diamels

467
00:28:25,720 --> 00:28:29,360
Speaker 1: it's all the same, I'm sure, yeah, or cubic or conia. Yeah,

468
00:28:29,720 --> 00:28:32,680
Speaker 1: those were probably just all trade names, right, I would guess,

469
00:28:32,680 --> 00:28:36,280
Speaker 1: so shure um diamonique just always stuck with me. Just

470
00:28:36,280 --> 00:28:39,920
Speaker 1: sounded so fancy. It's a nice name. Um. And then lastly,

471
00:28:39,960 --> 00:28:43,560
Speaker 1: there's liquid phase epitaxi, which is pretty awesome. So imagine

472
00:28:43,560 --> 00:28:48,360
Speaker 1: a solution and you have a um that perfectly flat

473
00:28:48,440 --> 00:28:53,520
Speaker 1: atomic substrate crystal, and you just lifted up out of

474
00:28:53,560 --> 00:28:56,800
Speaker 1: the solution, and as it comes up out of the solution,

475
00:28:57,360 --> 00:29:01,840
Speaker 1: a crystal just forms out of nothing. Amazing. Oh my goodness,

476
00:29:03,040 --> 00:29:06,160
Speaker 1: I can't take a chuck. You want to take a break. Yeah,

477
00:29:06,200 --> 00:29:09,280
Speaker 1: we'll take another break and we'll talk about jimstones and

478
00:29:09,320 --> 00:29:33,320
Speaker 1: then crystal healing and what that's all about. Right after this. Okay, dude,

479
00:29:33,400 --> 00:29:36,240
Speaker 1: I should say I was at UM the Smithsonian the

480
00:29:36,280 --> 00:29:38,320
Speaker 1: other day. You know, I went up to d C

481
00:29:38,560 --> 00:29:42,760
Speaker 1: because to hear Jeff Bezos delivers news about Blue Origin

482
00:29:42,840 --> 00:29:46,880
Speaker 1: landing on the Moon. It was awesome. It was really cool,

483
00:29:46,920 --> 00:29:49,480
Speaker 1: Like he was up there on stage and um, it

484
00:29:49,600 --> 00:29:53,080
Speaker 1: was probably a room of hundred hundred fifty people maybe,

485
00:29:53,600 --> 00:29:56,840
Speaker 1: and um, behind him, the curtain comes down and there's

486
00:29:56,880 --> 00:30:00,000
Speaker 1: a full scale model of the Lunar Lander he's gonna

487
00:30:00,040 --> 00:30:03,120
Speaker 1: send up in like three years. It's pretty cool. Everyone

488
00:30:03,160 --> 00:30:09,080
Speaker 1: gasp yes and clapped appropriately. So. But um, so, while

489
00:30:09,120 --> 00:30:11,080
Speaker 1: I was there, I killed some time at the Museum

490
00:30:11,080 --> 00:30:15,680
Speaker 1: of Natural History, and uh, I was just in trance

491
00:30:15,760 --> 00:30:17,520
Speaker 1: that as a matter of fact, we're doing this episode

492
00:30:17,520 --> 00:30:20,960
Speaker 1: because of their the crystal um display there. I was like,

493
00:30:21,080 --> 00:30:23,480
Speaker 1: have we never done one on crystals? And I thought, no,

494
00:30:23,680 --> 00:30:26,120
Speaker 1: we haven't, and and then I thought, well, we really should.

495
00:30:26,520 --> 00:30:28,400
Speaker 1: And then I thought, well, let's go get a sandwich

496
00:30:28,400 --> 00:30:30,560
Speaker 1: in the meantime. And I wasn't there to knock you

497
00:30:30,640 --> 00:30:33,880
Speaker 1: over the head with a rubber mallet. Yeah, to knock

498
00:30:33,960 --> 00:30:36,160
Speaker 1: me out of the loop and be like, what happened?

499
00:30:36,200 --> 00:30:38,479
Speaker 1: I don't know, man, you just passed out. He had

500
00:30:38,480 --> 00:30:42,520
Speaker 1: a sandwich in his hand, but the mineral um, the

501
00:30:42,600 --> 00:30:46,600
Speaker 1: mineral in crystal and gem collection they have there is

502
00:30:46,680 --> 00:30:51,320
Speaker 1: just amazing. It's just so beautiful. It's like just a

503
00:30:51,360 --> 00:30:53,640
Speaker 1: little wondering and you're just wandering around from case to

504
00:30:53,680 --> 00:30:56,240
Speaker 1: case staring at crystals. It's really neat, and there's one

505
00:30:56,240 --> 00:31:00,200
Speaker 1: in particular that really caught my fancy. It's, uh, they

506
00:31:00,360 --> 00:31:03,560
Speaker 1: just look like ordinary dumb rocks or whatever. And then

507
00:31:03,600 --> 00:31:05,280
Speaker 1: the light goes out in a black light comes on

508
00:31:05,360 --> 00:31:09,720
Speaker 1: in this little display case and they're fluorescent crystals embedded

509
00:31:09,760 --> 00:31:11,560
Speaker 1: in the rocks. And then the light comes back on

510
00:31:12,000 --> 00:31:13,640
Speaker 1: and then it goes back out and then back gut

511
00:31:13,920 --> 00:31:16,640
Speaker 1: and it's really amazing to watch. And then the light

512
00:31:16,680 --> 00:31:21,360
Speaker 1: came on and your pants were down, do you know,

513
00:31:21,480 --> 00:31:24,000
Speaker 1: fallow my own everybody. I'm just selling this whole thing.

514
00:31:24,720 --> 00:31:27,880
Speaker 1: So jim Stones, like we said a couple of times,

515
00:31:27,960 --> 00:31:31,960
Speaker 1: they are crystals, um. And here's the deal, Like depending

516
00:31:32,000 --> 00:31:36,000
Speaker 1: on the type of um. I mean, we're not calling

517
00:31:36,040 --> 00:31:39,560
Speaker 1: them imperfections or I guess impurities is flaws, yeah, flaws,

518
00:31:39,640 --> 00:31:42,360
Speaker 1: shameful flaws. Yeah, that's where they get their color. So

519
00:31:42,480 --> 00:31:46,840
Speaker 1: like a ruby and a sapphire, they're both corundum, but

520
00:31:47,080 --> 00:31:51,320
Speaker 1: rubies are red because of a little bit of chromium

521
00:31:51,360 --> 00:31:54,240
Speaker 1: that replaces a little bit of aluminum aluminum in the structure,

522
00:31:54,840 --> 00:31:58,920
Speaker 1: whereas sapphire comes blue because of iron and titanium instead.

523
00:31:59,480 --> 00:32:01,960
Speaker 1: Right wise, they're kind of the same thing. Yeah, just

524
00:32:02,080 --> 00:32:06,040
Speaker 1: somehow some of those um, some chromium or some iron

525
00:32:06,120 --> 00:32:10,200
Speaker 1: or titanium atoms got sucked into the mix and they said, Hey,

526
00:32:10,240 --> 00:32:12,240
Speaker 1: I kind of like this crystal structure thing. I'm gonna

527
00:32:12,280 --> 00:32:14,640
Speaker 1: hang out here. And they did, and they said, I'm

528
00:32:14,640 --> 00:32:17,440
Speaker 1: gonna turn this thing blue. Watch this. Yeah, And even

529
00:32:17,480 --> 00:32:20,560
Speaker 1: the name crystal, didn't that come from the Greek? From quartz?

530
00:32:21,360 --> 00:32:24,160
Speaker 1: It's yeah, that's what they called courts was crystallos, which

531
00:32:24,160 --> 00:32:29,360
Speaker 1: is cold drop, which we take to mean as ice um.

532
00:32:29,400 --> 00:32:31,280
Speaker 1: And I read in this article. I didn't see it

533
00:32:31,320 --> 00:32:34,360
Speaker 1: anywhere else that the apparently the Greeks thought courts was

534
00:32:34,440 --> 00:32:36,720
Speaker 1: ice that have frozen so solid it would never melt.

535
00:32:37,480 --> 00:32:39,920
Speaker 1: It sounds a little dumb to me for the Greeks.

536
00:32:39,960 --> 00:32:43,080
Speaker 1: I think the Greeks were a little hipper than that, um,

537
00:32:43,120 --> 00:32:47,040
Speaker 1: because I mean, just think for a second Greeks and

538
00:32:47,120 --> 00:32:50,040
Speaker 1: they would say, yes, you're right, this is something else entirely.

539
00:32:50,440 --> 00:32:54,000
Speaker 1: But that's where crystal came from. Was that Greek word crystallos. Yeah,

540
00:32:54,040 --> 00:32:58,400
Speaker 1: and courts. I mean, like amethyst is a kind of quartz.

541
00:32:59,080 --> 00:33:02,160
Speaker 1: It's just courts with the right kind of impurity that

542
00:33:02,200 --> 00:33:04,800
Speaker 1: gives it color. Yeah. And apparently they have not figured

543
00:33:04,800 --> 00:33:08,880
Speaker 1: out exactly what gives amethysts its purple color. Um. There's

544
00:33:08,880 --> 00:33:12,440
Speaker 1: a debate over whether it's iron oxide or manganese or

545
00:33:12,520 --> 00:33:17,040
Speaker 1: some sort of non specific hydrocarbons. Um. But if you

546
00:33:17,160 --> 00:33:21,600
Speaker 1: take amethyst, so remember, crystal is just the chemistry can

547
00:33:21,600 --> 00:33:24,760
Speaker 1: be exactly the same, like diamonds and graphite, but the

548
00:33:24,800 --> 00:33:27,560
Speaker 1: conditions are different under which they form, and so they

549
00:33:27,600 --> 00:33:31,440
Speaker 1: form different crystalline structures and appear to be totally different

550
00:33:31,440 --> 00:33:34,240
Speaker 1: from one another. Same thing happens with amethyst. If you

551
00:33:34,320 --> 00:33:37,200
Speaker 1: take amethyst and the conditions are different in that the

552
00:33:37,200 --> 00:33:40,560
Speaker 1: temperatures are much greater, it doesn't form purple amethysts. It

553
00:33:40,600 --> 00:33:46,440
Speaker 1: forms yellow citrine, which is pretty pretty amazing. I love crystals,

554
00:33:49,960 --> 00:33:51,520
Speaker 1: and I mean we could probably go on and on

555
00:33:51,640 --> 00:33:55,120
Speaker 1: with different types of gemstones, but I think everyone gets

556
00:33:55,120 --> 00:33:59,840
Speaker 1: the point. Yeah, yeah, the I think they do as well.

557
00:34:00,080 --> 00:34:02,640
Speaker 1: Like you could take any gemstone and break it down

558
00:34:02,640 --> 00:34:06,760
Speaker 1: and explain exactly what gives it it's hugh and uh,

559
00:34:06,800 --> 00:34:11,239
Speaker 1: but but I think it's I think it's all here right. So, um,

560
00:34:11,360 --> 00:34:15,680
Speaker 1: that is how crystals form. And for a very long

561
00:34:15,719 --> 00:34:20,880
Speaker 1: time people just kind of appreciated crystals as um for

562
00:34:20,960 --> 00:34:24,120
Speaker 1: their beauty or their shape or something like that. One

563
00:34:24,160 --> 00:34:25,920
Speaker 1: thing we didn't say that, I think we should say

564
00:34:26,000 --> 00:34:29,200
Speaker 1: Chuck is a crystal. It forms under ideal conditions, will

565
00:34:29,200 --> 00:34:32,480
Speaker 1: take one of those seven shapes you mentioned, um, but

566
00:34:32,760 --> 00:34:36,120
Speaker 1: the since the conditions are rarely ever ideal, they'll actually

567
00:34:36,160 --> 00:34:40,200
Speaker 1: form other shapes under different conditions, things like plate shaped

568
00:34:40,280 --> 00:34:45,160
Speaker 1: or table shaped or um needle shaped a a sicular

569
00:34:45,520 --> 00:34:48,920
Speaker 1: acicular um. So there's other shapes they can take. And

570
00:34:48,960 --> 00:34:51,080
Speaker 1: people have appreciated these things all the time, Like if

571
00:34:51,080 --> 00:34:52,840
Speaker 1: you've ever looked at it crystal, it's just like a

572
00:34:53,320 --> 00:34:58,600
Speaker 1: shock of what looks like incredibly sharp needles, or just

573
00:34:58,640 --> 00:35:02,239
Speaker 1: a tumble of perfectly shape cubes growing out of some

574
00:35:02,360 --> 00:35:05,160
Speaker 1: lumpy rock or something like that. There's a lot to

575
00:35:05,160 --> 00:35:09,080
Speaker 1: to appreciate their um and if you if you subscribe

576
00:35:09,120 --> 00:35:13,280
Speaker 1: to crystal healing, which has become a thing again. Um,

577
00:35:13,320 --> 00:35:15,520
Speaker 1: this has been going on, this idea that these things

578
00:35:15,520 --> 00:35:17,640
Speaker 1: are not only beautiful, but that they contain some sort

579
00:35:17,680 --> 00:35:21,920
Speaker 1: of energy that humans can harness to uh maybe straighten

580
00:35:21,960 --> 00:35:25,000
Speaker 1: our own energy out or overcome disease or something like that.

581
00:35:25,400 --> 00:35:27,600
Speaker 1: Um that this has been going on for thousands and

582
00:35:27,640 --> 00:35:32,200
Speaker 1: thousands of years. Yeah, so just a quick shout before

583
00:35:32,200 --> 00:35:35,680
Speaker 1: we get fully into crystal healing and that's all about. Um.

584
00:35:35,760 --> 00:35:37,839
Speaker 1: Everyone want to encourage everyone to go look up some

585
00:35:37,880 --> 00:35:42,319
Speaker 1: images of uh the Queva de Los crystals, the Cave

586
00:35:42,360 --> 00:35:46,120
Speaker 1: of Crystals in Chihuahua, Mexico. Unbelievable if you want to

587
00:35:46,160 --> 00:35:48,640
Speaker 1: see like some of the most beautiful stuff you've seen

588
00:35:48,680 --> 00:35:51,800
Speaker 1: in your life that looks like something from a movie,

589
00:35:51,920 --> 00:35:56,239
Speaker 1: Like it looks like the Fortress of Solitude uh in Superman. Yeah,

590
00:35:56,600 --> 00:36:01,440
Speaker 1: just unbelievable. Um, these these images of Spelunker and like

591
00:36:02,080 --> 00:36:04,040
Speaker 1: these caves where some of these crystals are believed to

592
00:36:04,080 --> 00:36:07,759
Speaker 1: have been growing for like half a million years. It's

593
00:36:07,800 --> 00:36:10,359
Speaker 1: really really something else. Yeah, that was one thing. So

594
00:36:10,400 --> 00:36:13,040
Speaker 1: we talked about how fast that they can grow. Um,

595
00:36:13,800 --> 00:36:16,200
Speaker 1: they can also take a very very long time. Those

596
00:36:16,200 --> 00:36:19,280
Speaker 1: are the big ones. Yeah, they're the big ones. But also, um,

597
00:36:19,440 --> 00:36:23,719
Speaker 1: some crystals form just by nature slowly, whether they're bigg

598
00:36:23,760 --> 00:36:28,400
Speaker 1: or small. So like garnet in particular, forms atom layer

599
00:36:28,600 --> 00:36:32,080
Speaker 1: atomic layer by atomic layer year by year, and so

600
00:36:32,120 --> 00:36:34,200
Speaker 1: it can take ten million years for just a two

601
00:36:34,239 --> 00:36:37,839
Speaker 1: centimeter garnet to grow over time. Amazing. So, like I

602
00:36:37,880 --> 00:36:41,080
Speaker 1: was saying with this with crystal healing in particular, Chuck,

603
00:36:41,120 --> 00:36:45,439
Speaker 1: these things are not only awesome or amazing or beautiful, um,

604
00:36:45,520 --> 00:36:49,719
Speaker 1: they also supposedly contain some sort of energy. Yeah. I mean,

605
00:36:49,760 --> 00:36:51,600
Speaker 1: this is where it gets a little hinky, because this

606
00:36:51,680 --> 00:36:55,200
Speaker 1: is one of those um things that Western medicine, for

607
00:36:55,280 --> 00:36:58,919
Speaker 1: lack of a better term, has pretty much generally poo

608
00:36:59,000 --> 00:37:03,799
Speaker 1: pooed uh as pseudoscience. But the idea is that these

609
00:37:03,800 --> 00:37:08,960
Speaker 1: crystals UM can carry and transfer energy that can facilitate

610
00:37:09,000 --> 00:37:13,279
Speaker 1: healing of like disease. Let's say, so you would book

611
00:37:13,320 --> 00:37:17,640
Speaker 1: a session with a crystal healer UM. And we'll get

612
00:37:17,680 --> 00:37:19,879
Speaker 1: into whether or not those people are credential at all

613
00:37:19,920 --> 00:37:22,960
Speaker 1: here in a minute. But UM, and they will lay

614
00:37:22,960 --> 00:37:25,120
Speaker 1: you down on a table and they will put different

615
00:37:25,160 --> 00:37:30,000
Speaker 1: crystals um. Some crystals facilitate some sort of energy, others

616
00:37:30,480 --> 00:37:34,040
Speaker 1: facilitate another sort of energy, and they don't all agree

617
00:37:34,080 --> 00:37:36,480
Speaker 1: on on that as well. We should point out that's

618
00:37:36,560 --> 00:37:39,279
Speaker 1: kind of a big red flag. It's a big red flag. Uh.

619
00:37:39,320 --> 00:37:41,080
Speaker 1: And then these crystals are placed on your body in

620
00:37:41,200 --> 00:37:44,960
Speaker 1: various points, and um, they will tell you that that

621
00:37:45,040 --> 00:37:49,399
Speaker 1: will uh bring in good healing energy and channel out

622
00:37:50,040 --> 00:37:54,759
Speaker 1: bad diseased energy. Yeah, and and those those points on

623
00:37:54,800 --> 00:37:57,840
Speaker 1: your body are actually pretty specific and they follow the

624
00:37:57,880 --> 00:38:00,600
Speaker 1: Buddhist or the Hindu chakras. Right. So you've got one

625
00:38:00,600 --> 00:38:02,120
Speaker 1: on the top of your head, you have one on

626
00:38:02,200 --> 00:38:05,640
Speaker 1: your forehead, on your throat, your chest, somewhere around your heart,

627
00:38:05,920 --> 00:38:08,920
Speaker 1: your stomach, your gut, and then around your groin for

628
00:38:09,000 --> 00:38:13,840
Speaker 1: your root chakra. And there's a different color um stone

629
00:38:13,880 --> 00:38:16,239
Speaker 1: that's supposed to be associated with each of the chakras.

630
00:38:16,560 --> 00:38:19,120
Speaker 1: And there's different stones that can be roughly of that

631
00:38:19,200 --> 00:38:21,279
Speaker 1: color that you could use for that chakra. And then

632
00:38:21,760 --> 00:38:24,960
Speaker 1: like you were saying, they they free up energy. Like

633
00:38:25,440 --> 00:38:28,520
Speaker 1: according to this this idea, energy can get kind of

634
00:38:28,560 --> 00:38:30,440
Speaker 1: gunked up. And if you have a bunch of negative

635
00:38:30,520 --> 00:38:34,600
Speaker 1: energy hanging around, um, it's gonna just do you wrong

636
00:38:34,760 --> 00:38:37,400
Speaker 1: until you get rid of it. With crystal therapy that

637
00:38:37,480 --> 00:38:40,439
Speaker 1: kind of stuff. UM, some crystals you can just put

638
00:38:40,480 --> 00:38:45,040
Speaker 1: in a room and they'll help direct energy better. Like, UM,

639
00:38:45,080 --> 00:38:48,120
Speaker 1: I can't remember what crystal I saw, but it's it's

640
00:38:48,680 --> 00:38:52,600
Speaker 1: it's known for its properties of facilitating communications. So really

641
00:38:52,600 --> 00:38:55,360
Speaker 1: we should have one in here for me and Jerry. Um. Like,

642
00:38:55,400 --> 00:38:57,520
Speaker 1: if people are talking to one another and they don't

643
00:38:57,600 --> 00:38:59,799
Speaker 1: understand what the other one saying, this crystal will kind

644
00:38:59,840 --> 00:39:04,000
Speaker 1: of here that Um. And so you are you're you're

645
00:39:04,080 --> 00:39:08,160
Speaker 1: pink turmaline chuck. UM. So like this is the kind

646
00:39:08,200 --> 00:39:11,359
Speaker 1: of this is the idea behind crystal energy. And as

647
00:39:11,360 --> 00:39:14,920
Speaker 1: I was saying a minute ago, if you follow this

648
00:39:15,000 --> 00:39:18,400
Speaker 1: kind of stuff, there's a whole crystal lore and supposedly

649
00:39:18,440 --> 00:39:22,759
Speaker 1: this dates back thousands of years to the Sumerians, the Egyptians,

650
00:39:22,880 --> 00:39:26,640
Speaker 1: the Greeks all use crystals for healing. The problem is,

651
00:39:26,640 --> 00:39:30,600
Speaker 1: there's absolutely no evidence that that's the case at all. Um.

652
00:39:30,800 --> 00:39:34,680
Speaker 1: People have been writing about crystals since the the the

653
00:39:34,680 --> 00:39:38,360
Speaker 1: classical Romans, but they didn't talk about the energy properties

654
00:39:38,400 --> 00:39:41,280
Speaker 1: they had. They just described them and tried to classify them.

655
00:39:41,320 --> 00:39:43,640
Speaker 1: It wasn't until like the seventies or eighties that that

656
00:39:44,120 --> 00:39:47,839
Speaker 1: the idea that they contain energy really seemed to catch on. Yeah,

657
00:39:47,880 --> 00:39:52,920
Speaker 1: and there haven't been scientific studies really done because um,

658
00:39:53,160 --> 00:39:56,279
Speaker 1: mainstream science just kind of doesn't study stuff like that.

659
00:39:56,840 --> 00:39:59,720
Speaker 1: But they have done some other kind of studies notably,

660
00:40:00,200 --> 00:40:03,399
Speaker 1: almost twenty years ago, UM there was a study done

661
00:40:03,880 --> 00:40:07,919
Speaker 1: at the University of London where they got how many

662
00:40:07,920 --> 00:40:10,719
Speaker 1: people was eighty people together and they said, here's what

663
00:40:10,760 --> 00:40:15,120
Speaker 1: we're gonna do, UM, go meditate for five minutes. Hold

664
00:40:15,280 --> 00:40:20,000
Speaker 1: this UH quartz crystal in your hand. They're not gonna

665
00:40:20,080 --> 00:40:21,920
Speaker 1: they don't say this, of course, but some of those

666
00:40:21,960 --> 00:40:24,640
Speaker 1: are real crystals. Some of them are completely faked, but

667
00:40:24,719 --> 00:40:27,400
Speaker 1: they all believed that they're real. They were lied to,

668
00:40:28,040 --> 00:40:32,400
Speaker 1: They were blatantly liked. Half of the participants, forty of

669
00:40:32,440 --> 00:40:35,319
Speaker 1: them were primed beforehand to say, you know, just think

670
00:40:35,360 --> 00:40:37,520
Speaker 1: about any effects and see if you can notice any

671
00:40:37,520 --> 00:40:41,520
Speaker 1: effects that these crystals are having. And so after meditating

672
00:40:41,560 --> 00:40:44,400
Speaker 1: they did a Q and A session UH in a

673
00:40:44,480 --> 00:40:48,239
Speaker 1: questionnaire and said basically like, how do you feel the

674
00:40:48,280 --> 00:40:52,160
Speaker 1: crystal affected this healing session? And they found out that

675
00:40:52,239 --> 00:40:55,520
Speaker 1: the effects reported by those who held the fake crystals

676
00:40:55,520 --> 00:40:58,160
Speaker 1: while meditating were no different at all than people who

677
00:40:58,160 --> 00:41:02,239
Speaker 1: had the real crystals. UM. Both reported feeling like a

678
00:41:02,280 --> 00:41:05,239
Speaker 1: warm sensation in their hand holding either the fake of

679
00:41:05,320 --> 00:41:09,160
Speaker 1: the real crystal, and both reported feeling an increased overall

680
00:41:09,200 --> 00:41:12,040
Speaker 1: feeling of well being. But the people who have been

681
00:41:12,040 --> 00:41:15,879
Speaker 1: primed those forty two, you know, basically like think about

682
00:41:15,880 --> 00:41:18,000
Speaker 1: how you're feeling and how this crystal is making you feel.

683
00:41:18,440 --> 00:41:22,120
Speaker 1: They reported stronger effects than those who had not been primed.

684
00:41:22,800 --> 00:41:26,879
Speaker 1: So it all sounds like placebo. Well that's yeah, that's

685
00:41:26,920 --> 00:41:29,360
Speaker 1: what they attributed to. The whole thing is placebo, which

686
00:41:30,040 --> 00:41:34,040
Speaker 1: as far as Western medicines concerned, placebo is great. You know,

687
00:41:34,080 --> 00:41:37,080
Speaker 1: if it's if you have some sort of ailment that

688
00:41:37,120 --> 00:41:40,560
Speaker 1: this can help you get over through the placebo effect, fantastic.

689
00:41:40,920 --> 00:41:44,319
Speaker 1: They they seem to kind of walk a fine line

690
00:41:44,360 --> 00:41:47,479
Speaker 1: with that though, and that they are worried that people

691
00:41:47,520 --> 00:41:50,000
Speaker 1: will say, oh, I'll just use crystals sat her cancer

692
00:41:50,120 --> 00:41:55,480
Speaker 1: rather than chemotherapy, um, and that probably won't work. The

693
00:41:55,560 --> 00:41:59,759
Speaker 1: placebo effect can't take on absolutely everything that ails you um.

694
00:41:59,800 --> 00:42:03,399
Speaker 1: And so if crystals are based on placebo, that's one

695
00:42:03,400 --> 00:42:05,200
Speaker 1: way they could be dangerous, but for the most part

696
00:42:05,239 --> 00:42:08,920
Speaker 1: is considered pretty harmless. Yeah. I just know that you're

697
00:42:08,960 --> 00:42:12,279
Speaker 1: going in to see someone who is not like licensed

698
00:42:13,080 --> 00:42:17,360
Speaker 1: or uh certainly not medically licensed. But I think generally

699
00:42:17,400 --> 00:42:21,360
Speaker 1: in all states there's no like licensing of crystal healers.

700
00:42:21,760 --> 00:42:24,560
Speaker 1: There's no organization looking over that. Now, I think there

701
00:42:24,560 --> 00:42:29,080
Speaker 1: are some organizations but the that that do um accredit

702
00:42:29,360 --> 00:42:33,440
Speaker 1: individual healers. But those are organizations aren't accredited for themselves.

703
00:42:33,719 --> 00:42:36,719
Speaker 1: So it's like at some point down the line, some

704
00:42:37,120 --> 00:42:40,760
Speaker 1: like the the accreditations is being pulled out of the air. Yeah.

705
00:42:40,840 --> 00:42:42,520
Speaker 1: And then there's this other thing that's a little more

706
00:42:42,560 --> 00:42:46,960
Speaker 1: troublesome when it comes to babies. Um, there's this belief

707
00:42:47,040 --> 00:42:52,280
Speaker 1: by some that baltic amber necklaces will help your baby's teething.

708
00:42:52,560 --> 00:42:55,279
Speaker 1: Have you heard of that or your toddler's teething? No,

709
00:42:55,600 --> 00:42:59,480
Speaker 1: I hadn't heard this, but um, the idea is that

710
00:43:00,120 --> 00:43:05,040
Speaker 1: something called uh succinic acid is released. It's pain relieving,

711
00:43:05,080 --> 00:43:08,279
Speaker 1: and it's released from the baltic amber because your child

712
00:43:08,360 --> 00:43:10,920
Speaker 1: is wearing this necklace and the skin of the child

713
00:43:11,080 --> 00:43:14,240
Speaker 1: is heating up this baltic amber and it's being released

714
00:43:14,760 --> 00:43:17,799
Speaker 1: uh and like gathered into the bloodstream and making your

715
00:43:18,040 --> 00:43:21,840
Speaker 1: little kids teething better. Right, But there's and there is

716
00:43:21,880 --> 00:43:26,399
Speaker 1: scenic acid in baltic amber. It's true, but apparently it's

717
00:43:26,440 --> 00:43:28,520
Speaker 1: just like one of those kernel of true things because

718
00:43:28,520 --> 00:43:31,320
Speaker 1: it's not it's not been shown to be able to

719
00:43:31,400 --> 00:43:36,319
Speaker 1: be released from the baltic amber. By saliva or body heat. So,

720
00:43:36,520 --> 00:43:38,880
Speaker 1: and it's dangerous because you should not put a necklace

721
00:43:39,280 --> 00:43:42,000
Speaker 1: around your baby or toddler's neck when they sleep because

722
00:43:43,160 --> 00:43:47,160
Speaker 1: their um are they put stuff in their mouth. Well,

723
00:43:47,160 --> 00:43:49,200
Speaker 1: that's what for them to teeth on. Are these little

724
00:43:49,200 --> 00:43:53,239
Speaker 1: necklaces made of this? These stones? Oh? I didn't think

725
00:43:53,239 --> 00:43:54,640
Speaker 1: they're supposed to chew on them. I thought i'd just

726
00:43:54,719 --> 00:43:56,920
Speaker 1: laid against their throat. No, I think they're supposed to

727
00:43:57,000 --> 00:44:00,399
Speaker 1: chew on them. Mm hmmm, that's what I got. I'll

728
00:44:00,440 --> 00:44:03,040
Speaker 1: have to look that up. I thought the idea was

729
00:44:03,080 --> 00:44:05,840
Speaker 1: it laid against their skin and it was absorbed into

730
00:44:05,840 --> 00:44:09,359
Speaker 1: the skin through body heat. I think that's part of it.

731
00:44:09,400 --> 00:44:11,640
Speaker 1: But I think it also they chew on it too,

732
00:44:12,200 --> 00:44:14,799
Speaker 1: That's what I got from it. Boy, you're really doing

733
00:44:14,800 --> 00:44:18,040
Speaker 1: it wrong if you keep your baby necklace to chew

734
00:44:18,080 --> 00:44:23,120
Speaker 1: on in their sleep, right. So, so um, I have

735
00:44:23,280 --> 00:44:25,239
Speaker 1: no issues with that, though, I should say I used

736
00:44:25,280 --> 00:44:27,920
Speaker 1: to carry around to crystal um in my pocket all

737
00:44:27,920 --> 00:44:30,719
Speaker 1: the time. Yeah, yeah, all the time for years and

738
00:44:30,800 --> 00:44:35,560
Speaker 1: years and years, and like I don't recall really thinking

739
00:44:35,560 --> 00:44:37,799
Speaker 1: it contained any energy or anythinking. It was more like

740
00:44:39,000 --> 00:44:41,520
Speaker 1: just a neat thing to just kind of rub kind

741
00:44:41,520 --> 00:44:44,960
Speaker 1: of like a fidget spinner, but but much prettier to

742
00:44:45,040 --> 00:44:47,880
Speaker 1: look at. You know, just just something to have in

743
00:44:47,920 --> 00:44:52,880
Speaker 1: your hand or whatever, keep it in your pocket, like twenties.

744
00:44:53,920 --> 00:44:58,640
Speaker 1: I think that explains a lot. Yeah sure, So why

745
00:44:58,680 --> 00:45:03,080
Speaker 1: what age is appropriate for carrying a crystal around your pocket? Okay? Okay,

746
00:45:03,239 --> 00:45:04,799
Speaker 1: that's when that happens. That's when you listen to the

747
00:45:04,800 --> 00:45:10,480
Speaker 1: doors and you burn incense and stuff like that. That's right. Um.

748
00:45:10,520 --> 00:45:12,960
Speaker 1: So yeah, more power to you if you're into crystals.

749
00:45:13,000 --> 00:45:17,520
Speaker 1: Just don't don't shun medical advice if you have a

750
00:45:17,560 --> 00:45:21,200
Speaker 1: real big problem. No, definitely don't. Um. And that's Oh.

751
00:45:21,239 --> 00:45:23,520
Speaker 1: I have one more thing about crystals, Chuck, you got

752
00:45:23,560 --> 00:45:27,440
Speaker 1: a second. Okay, remember how I said that graphite and

753
00:45:27,520 --> 00:45:30,320
Speaker 1: diamonds are the exact same thing. They're just arranged differently

754
00:45:30,400 --> 00:45:34,240
Speaker 1: crystal wise. I saw in a couple of different places

755
00:45:34,280 --> 00:45:39,440
Speaker 1: that a diamond, since they're formed under tremendous temperature and pressure,

756
00:45:39,760 --> 00:45:42,680
Speaker 1: when they're taken out of that environment and brought up

757
00:45:42,719 --> 00:45:47,120
Speaker 1: to Earth, they will, over a long enough time period,

758
00:45:47,600 --> 00:45:51,600
Speaker 1: melt into graphite. Amazing. It's just too long of a

759
00:45:51,640 --> 00:45:55,000
Speaker 1: time period for humans to ever witness it. Hmm. Yeah.

760
00:45:55,480 --> 00:45:58,279
Speaker 1: So that's crystals. Get you to the Smithsonium. Whenever you

761
00:45:58,320 --> 00:46:00,480
Speaker 1: get a chance, go to the Museum of Natural History

762
00:46:00,600 --> 00:46:04,120
Speaker 1: and just gaze and wonder and also wonder how your

763
00:46:04,120 --> 00:46:06,319
Speaker 1: pants got down when the light came back on in

764
00:46:06,360 --> 00:46:10,160
Speaker 1: the fluorescent mineral display. Because, as I said that, it's

765
00:46:10,200 --> 00:46:14,520
Speaker 1: time for listener mail. Yeah, which one should I do here?

766
00:46:15,080 --> 00:46:22,240
Speaker 1: How about nicknames? Hey, guys, really enjoying the short stuffs

767
00:46:23,239 --> 00:46:26,200
Speaker 1: and the nicknames episode was no exception, um, But I

768
00:46:26,239 --> 00:46:27,880
Speaker 1: was surprised that you didn't go into the origin of

769
00:46:27,920 --> 00:46:30,759
Speaker 1: the term nickname. I didn't think about that. I didn't either.

770
00:46:30,800 --> 00:46:33,799
Speaker 1: I felt pretty shame. Yeah, I'd always assumed this might

771
00:46:33,840 --> 00:46:36,160
Speaker 1: sound silly, that the first true nickname was Nicholas, shortened

772
00:46:36,160 --> 00:46:38,799
Speaker 1: to nick, so they called them nicknames. But she did

773
00:46:38,840 --> 00:46:41,319
Speaker 1: a little searching and said that it's not quite right.

774
00:46:41,719 --> 00:46:44,200
Speaker 1: Looks like the term started as a Middle English word

775
00:46:44,200 --> 00:46:48,160
Speaker 1: in the undreds H E K. E. Dash name pronounced

776
00:46:48,360 --> 00:46:52,400
Speaker 1: nick name, meaning additional name. So over time, as people

777
00:46:52,440 --> 00:47:01,120
Speaker 1: said an nickname became nickname and it's nickname. We didn't

778
00:47:01,120 --> 00:47:03,480
Speaker 1: have time to look this one up. But I'm the

779
00:47:03,520 --> 00:47:07,520
Speaker 1: trusting Liz. Yeah, Liz, I hope you're not steering us wrong. Yeah,

780
00:47:07,600 --> 00:47:09,480
Speaker 1: she said, my husband's name is Nick. This is what

781
00:47:09,560 --> 00:47:12,320
Speaker 1: got me thinking of it, and I jumped to that conclusion.

782
00:47:12,800 --> 00:47:15,040
Speaker 1: You could give Nick a shout on us on your show,

783
00:47:15,080 --> 00:47:17,880
Speaker 1: would be great. His birthday is next week, which means

784
00:47:18,120 --> 00:47:20,239
Speaker 1: by now, it's probably a couple of weeks ago. So

785
00:47:20,320 --> 00:47:24,440
Speaker 1: happy birthday, Nick, Happy birthday. Uh. And they are counting

786
00:47:24,480 --> 00:47:28,800
Speaker 1: down the weeks until their twins are born. Liz is

787
00:47:28,800 --> 00:47:31,720
Speaker 1: expecting a baby girl and a baby boy in late June,

788
00:47:32,480 --> 00:47:35,239
Speaker 1: their first children. And she said, We've been listened to

789
00:47:35,280 --> 00:47:37,440
Speaker 1: a lot of your show, well pregnant for getting Mozart

790
00:47:37,440 --> 00:47:40,000
Speaker 1: and Beethoven. I'm convinced at listening to stuff you should

791
00:47:40,040 --> 00:47:43,120
Speaker 1: know in utero makes baby smarter. Of course it does.

792
00:47:43,320 --> 00:47:46,960
Speaker 1: And that's from Liza Nick. And babies that will be named, uh,

793
00:47:47,040 --> 00:47:51,239
Speaker 1: Josh and Chuck and Jerry, that's right. Yeah, they need

794
00:47:51,239 --> 00:47:53,360
Speaker 1: to have triplets, huh. I think Chuck and Jerry is

795
00:47:53,400 --> 00:47:59,279
Speaker 1: a good name. And Josh, yeah, the outsider Josh. No,

796
00:47:59,560 --> 00:48:01,640
Speaker 1: it could be Josh and Jerry or Josh and Chuck.

797
00:48:02,200 --> 00:48:06,280
Speaker 1: What if? What if both of them's middle name is Jerry, Josh,

798
00:48:06,360 --> 00:48:09,520
Speaker 1: Jerry and Chuck Jerry? And I think that sounds great.

799
00:48:09,640 --> 00:48:12,040
Speaker 1: I think it does too well. Thanks again, Liz. I

800
00:48:12,040 --> 00:48:13,960
Speaker 1: hope you're right on this one, because if not, we're

801
00:48:14,000 --> 00:48:15,759
Speaker 1: going to have follow up. Listen to yourmail from other

802
00:48:15,800 --> 00:48:18,279
Speaker 1: people who are pointing out how you're wrong. Either way,

803
00:48:18,840 --> 00:48:23,440
Speaker 1: best wishes on your new expanded family and happy birthday, Nick.

804
00:48:23,880 --> 00:48:25,359
Speaker 1: If you want to get in touch with this, like

805
00:48:25,520 --> 00:48:28,239
Speaker 1: Liz did, you can go on to stuff you Should

806
00:48:28,280 --> 00:48:30,520
Speaker 1: Know dot com, check out our social links, or you

807
00:48:30,520 --> 00:48:33,640
Speaker 1: can send us an email to Stuff podcast at iHeart

808
00:48:33,719 --> 00:48:39,200
Speaker 1: radio dot com. Stuff you Should Know is a production

809
00:48:39,239 --> 00:48:41,960
Speaker 1: of iHeart Radios How Stuff Works. For more podcasts for

810
00:48:42,000 --> 00:48:44,759
Speaker 1: my heart Radio, visit the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts,

811
00:48:44,880 --> 00:48:46,560
Speaker 1: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows,