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Speaker 1: That's Go to meeting dot com slash stuff. Hey and
Speaker 1: welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark with me as
Speaker 1: always is Charles W. Chuck Bryant. You know it says
Speaker 1: Chuck and Josh. We debated, this is Josh and Chuck.
Speaker 1: It's chucking Josh, now, dude, it's what do you mean now? Well,
Speaker 1: it was Josh and Chuck and then it became Chuck
Speaker 1: and Josh. I'm sure in the future will just keep
Speaker 1: roll rotating. It's like the wheel of time. All right.
Speaker 1: I just Josh and Chuck has a ring that I enjoy.
Speaker 1: How about Chosh, Chuck and Matt? Yeah, with special guest
Speaker 1: producer Matt. Jerry's not here to spank us when we air, no,
Speaker 1: which means we can get away with a lot of stuff.
Speaker 1: Although I think we're self regulating these days. Yeah, we're
Speaker 1: doing pretty well. Yeah, I agree wholeheartedly. Uh, Chuck, Yes,
Speaker 1: you want to get into it. You remember the earthquake
Speaker 1: in May of two thousand and eight in China, Sechuan Province. Yeah, yeah,
Speaker 1: killed like eighty thou people, I think, right? Seven point nine, Yes,
Speaker 1: the old Richter scale, right, how we pronounced it, That's
Speaker 1: how you spoke to German. I just thought it'd be
Speaker 1: funny if we mispronounced like even things that everybody knows,
Speaker 1: because we have a reputation for mispronouncing difficult things. All right,
Speaker 1: let's start doing it the Richter scale. Okay, well the
Speaker 1: on the Richter scale, squail, can we do that? Uh
Speaker 1: it hit? What did you say at seven point nine? Yeah? Thereabouts,
Speaker 1: and like I said, killed lady thousand people was an enormous,
Speaker 1: horrific earthquake, and um, very quickly, you know. I remember
Speaker 1: MPR was there because they were like covering the Olympics,
Speaker 1: so everybody went to Sechua instead because it was right
Speaker 1: before the Olympics. Right, we were here, We were here.
Speaker 1: But MPR did like a month of coverage on this earthquake,
Speaker 1: like everybody was talking about it. One thing that flew
Speaker 1: under the radar that at least my radar, was that
Speaker 1: there were and still our allegations that the earthquake was
Speaker 1: actually um man made, at least hastened by a man
Speaker 1: made structure, specifically the you're pointing at me, the zipping
Speaker 1: zip zipping poo damn, something like that, pooping poo. Yeah,
Speaker 1: that's something like that. Yeah, flee below my radar too.
Speaker 1: I had no idea about this. Did you see that?
Speaker 1: Like on a certain there's like tons of articles on it.
Speaker 1: They just got no play. Yeah. So, um, what we're
Speaker 1: talking about is something that's called reservoir induced seismicity, Yes, right,
Speaker 1: and to a certain degree in due size, misicity to
Speaker 1: a greater extent. I don't know what you just said.
Speaker 1: Not only reservoirs I got a couple of other nuggets. Yeah, chuck, chuck,
Speaker 1: dug up some other man made earthquake phenomena. Right, Um,
Speaker 1: but let's well, let's start with reservoir and du seismicity, right,
Speaker 1: or let's start with damns. How about that? Well, that's
Speaker 1: a good place to start. Or should we start with earthquakes? Actually,
Speaker 1: if you want to know about earthquakes, go listen to
Speaker 1: our How Earthquakes Work podcast, which is pretty good. Did
Speaker 1: we do that? Yeah? Yeah, I'm getting old. Days are
Speaker 1: just kind of melting together. I was honestly thinking we
Speaker 1: should do one on earthquakes. Yeah, we already did, remember
Speaker 1: the s waves? Oh yeah, yeah, sure, alright, So, um,
Speaker 1: we'll talk about dams instead. These things are, um, well,
Speaker 1: dams are getting bigger and bigger. Is our engineering prowess? Uh?
Speaker 1: Is not ours? But humaniter is getting better and better
Speaker 1: and our needs are growing. Right, So I think constructing
Speaker 1: a dam in the first place, what you're doing is
Speaker 1: you're just putting a wall up in front of a
Speaker 1: river and letting the water back. Fell right, pretty easy.
Speaker 1: But by doing this number one, you're changing um, the
Speaker 1: river hydrology downstream e g. The people downstream are in
Speaker 1: big trouble. Um. But you're also you have to take
Speaker 1: into account the area around um the dam, what was
Speaker 1: normally once just dry land with a river running through it,
Speaker 1: and probably some villages. You know Lake lan Ear. I
Speaker 1: think there's no natural lake in Georgia. They're all man
Speaker 1: made it from what I understand. That's what I understand too.
Speaker 1: But Lake Lanear specifically has a town beneath it. And
Speaker 1: when the um, when the reservoir lowers, decreases. Uh, you
Speaker 1: can see a gulf have any sixth time popping up
Speaker 1: out of it? Have you ever seen that? It's creepy?
Speaker 1: That is creepy. That's why. Also they can never find
Speaker 1: somebody who dies in likely near because they get caught
Speaker 1: up in like power lines or in a convenience store
Speaker 1: or something like that. Shopping yeah, under the water, shopping dead. Yeah. Um.
Speaker 1: But around this area and what was what used to
Speaker 1: be dry land, there's also dirt and rock and oftentimes
Speaker 1: mountains sometimes fall lines. Because you want to use the
Speaker 1: natural geography of the area to hold this water. Right.
Speaker 1: You ever been to the Hoover Dam. I haven't. I've
Speaker 1: flown over it. Does that count. I got a good
Speaker 1: gander of it at like ten thousand feet. Yeah, if
Speaker 1: you ever go this is I mean a lot of
Speaker 1: people drive over the Hoover Dam, or they stand on
Speaker 1: the edge of the Hoover Dam, like Bob Will suggests.
Speaker 1: But I suggest that if you're there, take the time
Speaker 1: to pay the dough it's like, I don't know how
Speaker 1: much it is tin bucks and go down and take
Speaker 1: the tour. Wow. It's my only my only tip tip
Speaker 1: of the day. I've seen it on the TV. It's
Speaker 1: really cool looking and you can stand there and rbl
Speaker 1: at it, but when you get down on the guts
Speaker 1: of it is when you're really like whoa. Yeah. So
Speaker 1: it's a marvel of engineering, absolutely right, And like I said,
Speaker 1: it utilizes the surrounding geography to hold the water. Um.
Speaker 1: But when you do this, you're applying a lot of
Speaker 1: water that didn't used to be there to the surrounding
Speaker 1: same mountains. Yea, And all of a sudden you have
Speaker 1: something that we call landslides, right, yes, And that's what's
Speaker 1: usually you think of. You don't think of earthquakes when
Speaker 1: you think of um, that kind of activity. You think
Speaker 1: of landslides. You want to tell them about the Italian
Speaker 1: landslide because you love to do the accents, but do
Speaker 1: it in a really somber tone. Well there, I'm not
Speaker 1: gonna do it an Italian accent. But it is one
Speaker 1: of the deadliest in history and it was in northern
Speaker 1: Italy and sixty three and it killed people. An entire
Speaker 1: village is wiped out when four hundred million cubic yards
Speaker 1: of mountain rock fell into the reservoir. I'm not going
Speaker 1: to pronounce that the v damn. Yeah, it looks French. Yeah,
Speaker 1: well it's in the Alp so it's close to France. Yeah,
Speaker 1: and it basically created a tidal wave eight hundred and
Speaker 1: fifty six ft tall, right, So this um four hundred
Speaker 1: million cubic yards of rock goes into the reservoir, just
Speaker 1: places all that water. And yeah, the the wave I read,
Speaker 1: this wave that was generated by it crested over the
Speaker 1: top of the damn. It washer than that. It was
Speaker 1: twenty It was equal to a twenty eight story building.
Speaker 1: Imagine that on top of the damn and it just
Speaker 1: came down crazy and washed villages away. You're you're just
Speaker 1: sitting there in Italy and sixty three enjoining your grappa,
Speaker 1: having a good time. Not for long now, but apparently
Speaker 1: it took full two minutes to get down there to
Speaker 1: wipe out the village. How long two minutes from what
Speaker 1: I read, that's like the MUDs like in Guatemala, no warning. No,
Speaker 1: And there's also some in China that apparently have been
Speaker 1: pretty disastrous thanks to it. A damn there, the three
Speaker 1: gorgeous damn, which is pretty famous. Dam it's on the
Speaker 1: Yanks River, right, Yeah, they were kind of worried about
Speaker 1: that one. Yeah, and they kind of should be from
Speaker 1: what I understand. Uh As whenever just about any time
Speaker 1: they raise or lower the um the reservoir or when
Speaker 1: they initially filled it, landslide started happening. And there was
Speaker 1: one in two thousand seven that buried a bus. I
Speaker 1: guess it just kind of caught him unawares. What a
Speaker 1: horrific death to be buried in a bus, but well,
Speaker 1: to be buried alive in any way, but bus would
Speaker 1: probably be badly bus You ever taking a bus trip? Yes,
Speaker 1: I would not want to bury a bus trip, Nor
Speaker 1: would I because you're like, I can't believe I'm surrounded
Speaker 1: by these people while I'm alive, you know. Yeah, not
Speaker 1: to make light of it. No, when to come across
Speaker 1: as insensitive. No, so chuck. Um, these are just landslides
Speaker 1: we're talking about. That's that's a totally different you know,
Speaker 1: destabilizing the dirt that holds up mountain rock is totally
Speaker 1: different from an earthquake. Right. Indeed, so how do we
Speaker 1: get to uh, the reservoir induced seizedmicity? How do we
Speaker 1: how do we get to a dam creating an earthquake? Well,
Speaker 1: in the case of the one in China, um, the
Speaker 1: Zipping Poo dam. It's fifty stories tall. It can store
Speaker 1: more than one billion cubic meters of water from the
Speaker 1: min Jong River. So all of a sudden you have
Speaker 1: a regular river and then all of a sudden it
Speaker 1: weighs you know, a billion cubic meters more. Well, that's
Speaker 1: not a weight, but you know what I mean. So
Speaker 1: that's gonna create some a lot more pressure on the
Speaker 1: ground beneath it. Right, there's a fault line there, then
Speaker 1: you're in big trouble. Yeah, and um, we don't really
Speaker 1: know whether there are fault lines there. Um, when we're
Speaker 1: constructing dams. It turns out, apparently there is a survey
Speaker 1: in n by the World Bank that found that forty
Speaker 1: nine projects, like more than three quarters of them that
Speaker 1: were surveyed all had unexpected geology geological activity, right, And
Speaker 1: apparently it costs millions of millions to do a survey
Speaker 1: of an area and you may find that, yeah, there's
Speaker 1: a fault line there that we didn't know about. So
Speaker 1: companies who build damns oftentimes don't want to know that
Speaker 1: whether or not there's a fault line there. I've seen
Speaker 1: that that not a lot of research goes in well,
Speaker 1: I don't want to say not a lot of research,
Speaker 1: but many times not enough research goes into the underground situations. Right.
Speaker 1: And for the three gorgeous um damn there were there.
Speaker 1: Actually it's built over two fault lines and they're just
Speaker 1: waiting for this thing to blow apparently, Yeah, and they
Speaker 1: said it might be a big one too. So with
Speaker 1: the two thousand and eight earthquake, China kind of got
Speaker 1: into this issue of reservoir induce seismicity, and it's already
Speaker 1: kind of cloudy. It's kind of one of those um walks,
Speaker 1: like a duck scenarios, because you have um, you have
Speaker 1: increased seismic activity in areas as reservoirs are being filled,
Speaker 1: you have um earthquakes that that people weren't expecting, right obviously,
Speaker 1: but even geologists weren't expecting seismologists um with an epicenter
Speaker 1: under the dam. Right, So it's like, yes, damns are
Speaker 1: creating earthquakes, um. But again there's a lot of money
Speaker 1: at stake. If people become more aware of r I s,
Speaker 1: which is what people in the NO call it, then
Speaker 1: people who live downstream from a dam are gonna want
Speaker 1: their houses earthquake proof, which is gonna raise the costs
Speaker 1: through the roof. And they're not gonna do that, right,
Speaker 1: And like I said, with China now and it's it's
Speaker 1: become obviously scated even further. Yeah, because in a case
Speaker 1: of China, there's probably a lot of houses that need
Speaker 1: to be retrofitted. Well, not just that the the government's
Speaker 1: politically in the hot seat right now and the earthquake
Speaker 1: in two thousand and eight, they tried to distance themselves
Speaker 1: because it was a government project. And building a damn
Speaker 1: in and of itself is it's a very utilitarian pursuit.
Speaker 1: If a dam can create an earthquake and kill people
Speaker 1: or their landslides, and that kills people because you're helping,
Speaker 1: you know, x number of people, Like the Zipping Pooh
Speaker 1: dam generates like sixty kilowatts kilowatt hours of electricity. Oh yeah,
Speaker 1: sure you do. But at the same time, so it's
Speaker 1: kind of like, Okay, well there's a bus full of
Speaker 1: people that just got buried, but we have all this electricity.
Speaker 1: So when you throw that in, when you throw the
Speaker 1: money in and then um, paper in the journal, uh,
Speaker 1: the Journal of Environmental Law and Litigation. Do you get
Speaker 1: that it sounds like a it does? It concluded that
Speaker 1: people in other countries who were um affected by reservoir
Speaker 1: and in due seismicity from American built dams had legal
Speaker 1: grounds to see those people in the US for damages. Basically,
Speaker 1: there's a lot of people out there who are like
Speaker 1: rs doesn't exist, but it does. Yeah, uh. And you
Speaker 1: know it's not just the water pressure sitting on top
Speaker 1: of these plates that can cause it. What also happens
Speaker 1: is the water seeps down in there and fills up
Speaker 1: all the little cracks. And if there's way more water
Speaker 1: doing this, then that can cause uh, fractures to become
Speaker 1: larger or to shift around, and that you know, that
Speaker 1: might be one of the reasons to right. And it
Speaker 1: also lubricates, it doesn't it. It goes down to these
Speaker 1: faulans because you think about it, like you have tectonic plates,
Speaker 1: you have fault lines where the earth is basically sitting
Speaker 1: like just on the tiniest ledge of one plate over another,
Speaker 1: and if you get some water in there and loop
Speaker 1: it up, then they slip and you have an earthquake.
Speaker 1: It's called poor pressure, my friend. It's poor pressure is
Speaker 1: the fluid pressure in the pores and the fractures of
Speaker 1: the rocks, and um the acts against the weight of
Speaker 1: the rocks. So when poor pressure is low, the imbalance
Speaker 1: of what they call it in situ earth. Have you
Speaker 1: ever heard that phrase? Uh doesn't mean like um stable
Speaker 1: bedrock or something like that sort of it's Latin egg.
Speaker 1: It can mean a bunch of different things, but in
Speaker 1: case of the Earth, it means uh. In the place
Speaker 1: is in water or oil that hasn't been extracted yet
Speaker 1: oh yeah, yeah yeah, or gas. Let's say, whatever is
Speaker 1: down there, any kind of natural earth. UM. So the
Speaker 1: imbalance of the institute earth stresses UH will cause the
Speaker 1: occasional earthquake. And if the poor pressure is increased, then
Speaker 1: it takes a lot less of an imbalance for these
Speaker 1: to get out of whack. And one of the reasons
Speaker 1: that that might happen is if you inject something into
Speaker 1: the subsurface, or if you extract something from the subsurface,
Speaker 1: like maybe oil or water or gas. Yea. And that
Speaker 1: all made sense because I've I've often posed the question
Speaker 1: does the earth need it's oil, Like, you know, we're
Speaker 1: extracting oil, but maybe it has a really vital function
Speaker 1: down there, maybe it's a lubricant. I kind of found
Speaker 1: out that that wasn't necessarily true that you know, if
Speaker 1: we pull out all the oil from me, well, we
Speaker 1: can't pull out all the oil. I think it leaves
Speaker 1: about a third they they leave at least a third
Speaker 1: in all reservoirs because we just don't have the technology
Speaker 1: to get But what I what I gathered from researching
Speaker 1: this a little bit today is that it doesn't necessarily
Speaker 1: it's such a small amount still compared to the density
Speaker 1: of the earth that these like small empty pockets might
Speaker 1: make things move around and cause like some minor tremors,
Speaker 1: But it's not like we're going to have the big
Speaker 1: one one day if we tap the oil out of
Speaker 1: the earth. But we also use like water injection technology
Speaker 1: to BINGO and that can cause an earthquake, right, Yeah,
Speaker 1: and that's when you you inject like steam or water
Speaker 1: or c O two to either move the oil around
Speaker 1: or heat it up make it more viscous, and that
Speaker 1: means it will flow to a channel where it's easier
Speaker 1: to tap it. Or they do that for water wells too,
Speaker 1: to make water more readily available. I think there were
Speaker 1: some earthquakes and surprising earthquakes in Colorado in the nineties
Speaker 1: that had to do with natural gas drilling. Yeah. Well,
Speaker 1: you know the other thing they do is they inject
Speaker 1: waste water into the earth. I did not know that.
Speaker 1: I didn't either. I always wondered where it went. Well,
Speaker 1: a lot of they read assume we were all drinking it. Well,
Speaker 1: I think it's a certain amount we do, but there's
Speaker 1: way more wastewater than there are mouths to drink it.
Speaker 1: So evidently they'll drill down into the earth and inject.
Speaker 1: They'll supposedly clean it. They supposedly they clean it. Yeah,
Speaker 1: I've never witnessed it. But why would they lie? Why
Speaker 1: would they lie? I don't know. I mean, who would
Speaker 1: lie when money is at stakes? So they inject the
Speaker 1: waste water back into the earth. And that's you know,
Speaker 1: hasn't create any problems thus far. Yeah, yet, who knows. Uh,
Speaker 1: there was I remember we talked about like carbon sequestration.
Speaker 1: Uh once were we were talking about taking C O two, remember,
Speaker 1: capturing it from smoke stacks and then putting it into
Speaker 1: the and we were wondering, like, what what effect is
Speaker 1: that going to have? Who knows? Probably well, we'll all
Speaker 1: find out what when we do hit the big ones
Speaker 1: from removing oil and then injecting like carbon c O
Speaker 1: two into the earth, what happens. So many of these
Speaker 1: studies are all like, O, don't no, it's not doing anything.
Speaker 1: But like I'm of the belief that holding a cell
Speaker 1: phone up to your brain it's gonna cause some damage.
Speaker 1: Another saying no, it doesn't. But we haven't studied anyone
Speaker 1: who's done it for thirty years every day, right, Yeah,
Speaker 1: it's a good point. And then I found like a
Speaker 1: little computer, you know, I know it's like d d
Speaker 1: D D D d D. I think we're gonna see
Speaker 1: some fallout from that in about years. Brother, you know,
Speaker 1: conger over it stuff. Mom never told you wrote it? Uh?
Speaker 1: An article on cell phones making a sterile, keep it
Speaker 1: in your pocket, yeah, next to the boys. Yeah, I
Speaker 1: don't want to do that, so chuck. One more thing.
Speaker 1: We should say very specifically that even though people it
Speaker 1: seems like there is a consensus that r S does exist, right, yes, um,
Speaker 1: and there's a lot of people who want to downplay it.
Speaker 1: Like the Chinese pointed out that prior to this earthquake
Speaker 1: that the in in such Uan in two thousand and eight,
Speaker 1: the biggest r a S linked earthquake happened in nineteen
Speaker 1: sixty seven in India and it was like six point
Speaker 1: five and they point that that was the biggest ever
Speaker 1: that was induced by a dam. So we're not entirely
Speaker 1: certain how how how big these things can be UM
Speaker 1: or how how much dams can contribute. But again, we
Speaker 1: don't really know what we're doing building dams either do
Speaker 1: we mining too that can cause them? And I also
Speaker 1: read that UM building construction like that tower in Taipei,
Speaker 1: that that caused some minor earthquakes because it was so big.
Speaker 1: That's gotta put hair on your chest if you're the
Speaker 1: project manager of of of a project that causes earthquakes. Yeah,
Speaker 1: and we should also point out lastly dams can't create
Speaker 1: earthquakes all by themselves. They have to be a bunch
Speaker 1: of factors present. Like it has to be built on
Speaker 1: a fault line. It has to be huge. The dam,
Speaker 1: I think, has to be at least a hundred meters
Speaker 1: high to create earthquakes that really register. But pretty much
Speaker 1: anytime you build a dam like around a fault line,
Speaker 1: seismic a activity increases as you fill it up. So
Speaker 1: it's gonna happen. Yeah, we're not anti damn. We should
Speaker 1: point that out. We love damns. Yeah, I guess that's it, right,
Speaker 1: I think, so, I won't have anything else. All right, Well,
Speaker 1: if you want to read a little more about this
Speaker 1: and see some gripping pictures, you can type in humans
Speaker 1: and earthquakes. I think that'll probably bring this article up right. Probably,
Speaker 1: So this episode of stuff you should know. It's brought
Speaker 1: to you by go to Meeting the affordable way to
Speaker 1: meet with clients and colleagues for your free thirty day trial.
Speaker 1: Is it go to meeting dot com slash stuff And
Speaker 1: this is a short one, chucklin't it. Yeah, I have
Speaker 1: some stuff to inject here at the end, and to
Speaker 1: our subsurface, we have some announcements about New York, right
Speaker 1: and T shirts. Yeah, New York. You know we're going
Speaker 1: to New York. We're gonna like throw our hat and
Speaker 1: do a little twirl in the middle of Times Square
Speaker 1: because we've made it a for all. Um, we're gonna
Speaker 1: be at the Knitting Factory. We're having a stuff you
Speaker 1: should know meet and greet, happy fans, happy hour, come
Speaker 1: hang out with us. Um, you pay for your own
Speaker 1: drinks or whatever, but we're not charging anything to get in.
Speaker 1: We may or may not be wearing shirts. Uh. And
Speaker 1: it's gonna be at the Knitting Factory. We're gonna have
Speaker 1: shirt We're gonna have T shirts. We can go ahead
Speaker 1: and say that that's right, we are. We're gonna have
Speaker 1: shirts stuff you should know. T shirts the very first
Speaker 1: ones and Josh designed it. That's how awesome. Oh go on, Yeah,
Speaker 1: it's pretty cool. Anyway. That's at the Knitting Factory in
Speaker 1: Brooklyn on Monday, June seven, from five thirty seven thirty right, Yes,
Speaker 1: and a concert will follow in the main space, sponsored
Speaker 1: by The Onion newspaper. Who are buddies now? And I
Speaker 1: think that's like ten or twelve bucks if you want
Speaker 1: to get into that and we'll be hanging out all night,
Speaker 1: so yes, we'll be there. Um And then Wednesday, June nine,
Speaker 1: we're doing an all star team trivia, yes, featuring us,
Speaker 1: Joe Randazzo, who is the editor of The Onion and End,
Speaker 1: and a couple of other famous type nerdy famous people
Speaker 1: that are funny. But we can't commit to those just
Speaker 1: yet because we don't want to disappoint you in case
Speaker 1: they don't show up. I guess we should tell them
Speaker 1: where it is, right, You don't think they should just
Speaker 1: like drive around New York looking for it. Uh? Yes,
Speaker 1: it's at the Bellhouse, Josh, and that is in Brooklyn,
Speaker 1: New York. And um, it goes from seven to nine
Speaker 1: as as trivia start to seven. Doors at six thirty,
Speaker 1: So show up early and rub elbows with us and
Speaker 1: uh drink an adult beverage with us and trivia starts
Speaker 1: at seven. Is game on for the next two hours
Speaker 1: and should be a really fun time right on, Chuck
Speaker 1: sounds good, huh. And we'll also put this on the
Speaker 1: Facebook page to just so people know. And if you're
Speaker 1: not um a fan of ours, or if you don't
Speaker 1: like our fan page on Facebook, go check it out.
Speaker 1: It's um, we're on there a lot, and actually Chuck
Speaker 1: is just killing it well talking to people. He walks
Speaker 1: around and shaking hands, kissing babies crazy. It's awesome. And
Speaker 1: we have a Twitter account s y s K podcast.
Speaker 1: You're killing the Twitter. You're very funny on there. And Uh,
Speaker 1: one last thing, if you listen to our Guatemala podcast
Speaker 1: Part one and two, UM, you know that we worked
Speaker 1: with an organization down there called Cooperative for Education and
Speaker 1: they have a text donation drive going. And if you
Speaker 1: aren't a super cheap skate, then you should give AM
Speaker 1: easily five dollars five bucks to get textbooks for Life
Speaker 1: for Guatemalan student. Yeah, you don't even have to actually
Speaker 1: spend any money. You just pay your bill plus five
Speaker 1: bucks at the end of the month. You'll never even that. Uh.
Speaker 1: You just text the words stuff s t U F
Speaker 1: F T two zero to two two. You'll get a
Speaker 1: text back and it'll say you sure or something like that,
Speaker 1: and you text yes back and there you go by
Speaker 1: the boom. But the being and uh, what data and
Speaker 1: wireless rates apply? Maybe yes, they definitely do, uh in
Speaker 1: certain cases. And if you live outside the United States,
Speaker 1: you um can go to the website co ed dot
Speaker 1: u C C o E d u C dot org
Speaker 1: and you can donate there if you live outside the
Speaker 1: United States. Worthy cause, let's do listener mail. Now do
Speaker 1: we do T shirts? Uh? No. T shirt contest is
Speaker 1: officially on, has been going on. It closes at the
Speaker 1: end of the month May thirty one, at midnight and
Speaker 1: Eastern time, Eastern time. If you submitted once, you've got
Speaker 1: to resubmit, do a one sided design, not on both sides.
Speaker 1: And that's pretty much only limitations at this point, except
Speaker 1: you have to be American. Yeah, it's crazy, like you
Speaker 1: can't be a part of this. Yeah, if you have
Speaker 1: to be a bystander, an innocent bystander, we hope, but um, yeah,
Speaker 1: a bystander if you're not Americans an American except you
Speaker 1: should know T shirt throw down, Yes, and we would
Speaker 1: love for it to be everybody. But it's that the
Speaker 1: laws of Earth, is what I've been saying. And I
Speaker 1: can't win a contest in um Africa. So well, Chuck's
Speaker 1: going to night school right now to study international laws,
Speaker 1: and once he gets his masters, we will be holding
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