Speaker 1: Welcome to Noble Blood, a production of iHeartRadio and Grim
Speaker 1: and Mild from Aaron Mankie Listener discretion advised circa seventeen
Speaker 1: forty five, the rising French painter Maryanne Noir received a
Speaker 1: commission a portrait of a noblewoman. Was not an unusual assignment,
Speaker 1: but her setter was an unusual noble woman. In the
Speaker 1: finished portrait, Marianne's subject is seated in an ornate chair
Speaker 1: with the perfect posture expected from one of her noble class.
Speaker 1: She wears a loose fitting robe of o'l'annglis in a
Speaker 1: deep blue, lined with fur on the bodice and lace
Speaker 1: on the sleeves. A diamond brooch is pinned to the
Speaker 1: ribbon around her throat, and the woman's cheeks are flushed
Speaker 1: with a deep rouge. Her head is turned slightly to
Speaker 1: the right and she smiles slightly at the viewer. At
Speaker 1: first glance, it might be a depiction of any wealthy
Speaker 1: noble woman, but the details of the portrait are where
Speaker 1: we can see the woman's complexity. The table where she's
Speaker 1: resting her elbow is holding an open book, loose pages
Speaker 1: of a manuscript and an orry, a mechanical model of
Speaker 1: the solar system. In the woman's left hand, she holds
Speaker 1: a white carnation, probably signaling its traditional associations with pure
Speaker 1: love and motherhood, or its nature as a hybrid cultivated
Speaker 1: through human science. In the woman's right hand, if you
Speaker 1: look closely, you can see she's holding a compass, the
Speaker 1: tool of the mathematician. In eighteenth century French portraiture, the
Speaker 1: positioning of the compass symbolized different fields. Holding the points
Speaker 1: straight up signified abstractions, whiles represented the measurement of the
Speaker 1: earth and matter. Here, our sitter holds the points of
Speaker 1: the compass horizontally, an indication of her ability in both areas.
Speaker 1: The portrait is of a woman named Emilie du Chatelais,
Speaker 1: who was not only a mathematician, but also a philosopher, physicist, writer, translator,
Speaker 1: and yes, noble woman. The compass, and to be clear,
Speaker 1: I'm talking about a compass that is used to draw
Speaker 1: a circle, not a navigational compass. The compass is a
Speaker 1: particularly potent symbol in her life. In seventeen forty, a
Speaker 1: few short years before she commissioned this portrait, Emily garnered
Speaker 1: great recognition within the scientific community after winning a debate
Speaker 1: with the Secretary of the Academy of Sciences, Jean Jacques
Speaker 1: Dortu de Moraine. When the publication of her book featured
Speaker 1: a correct rebuttal to the Secretary's argument that forces proportional
Speaker 1: to velocity, she advised him not to draw a metaphorical
Speaker 1: epi against her. He responded, I implore you to observe
Speaker 1: that it would not be an epi. A compass suffices
Speaker 1: that is quite enough to check the strikes of a fan.
Speaker 1: He meant to dismiss Emily for her femininity, but in
Speaker 1: her portrait, portrayed holding both a compass and a flower,
Speaker 1: Emily shows the viewer that she's capable of being a
Speaker 1: woman and being right. I'm Dana Schwartz, and this is
Speaker 1: noble blood. In the early nineteenth century, many years after
Speaker 1: Emily de Chatelet's death, a story began to circulate that
Speaker 1: explained how she became a woman of science. The story
Speaker 1: comes to a simple conclusion, she was just born that way.
Speaker 1: According to a French pamphlet of Famous Women, a servant
Speaker 1: in the home of three year old Emily attempted to
Speaker 1: improvise a toy out of a mathematical compass for the
Speaker 1: girl closing the wooden tool and dressing it to look
Speaker 1: like a doll. Instead of accepting the gift as it was,
Speaker 1: the little baron studied the figure and undressed it. With
Speaker 1: this strange tool in hand, at just three years old,
Speaker 1: she intuited its purpose and used it to make a
Speaker 1: perfect circle. This undoubtedly false anecdote tells us more about
Speaker 1: how history constructs identity than it does anything about Emily herself.
Speaker 1: As her biographer Judith Zincer points out, this framing presents
Speaker 1: Emily as a quote prodigy anomaly, unlike any other female.
Speaker 1: In reality, we know very little about the early life
Speaker 1: of Emily d Chatelas. We can say with certainty that
Speaker 1: she was born on December seventeenth, seventeen o six in
Speaker 1: the Parisian parish of Saint Roche. She was the only
Speaker 1: girl of six children, though two of her brothers would
Speaker 1: die very young. At her birth, her father gifted her
Speaker 1: the minor title of barone de Prouli, though it would
Speaker 1: automatically go to his eldest son upon his death. Her
Speaker 1: father was the breezily named Louis Nicolau de Tonee de Bretois,
Speaker 1: a baron of a lesser noble family that had seen
Speaker 1: a recent rise in status thanks to the favor of
Speaker 1: Louis the fourteenth. Emily's grandfather was one of the king's
Speaker 1: most successful courtiers, and while his elder sons followed in
Speaker 1: his ambitious footsteps, Emily's father, Louis Nicolas, was perfectly happy
Speaker 1: just riding his dad's coat tails. He was given titles
Speaker 1: that came with privileges but no responsibilities, like being one
Speaker 1: of the King's quote first gentlemen of the bedchambers. That
Speaker 1: was a job that entailed watching the king use the
Speaker 1: toilet and keeping him company as he enjoyed his tea
Speaker 1: each morning. As one of the king's favorites, Louis Nicholas
Speaker 1: enjoyed certain other privileges, such as being sent away on
Speaker 1: diplomatic missions to cover up scandalous affairs. The greatest of
Speaker 1: such was his affair with a young Italian financier married
Speaker 1: to a Parisian official, in which he ultimately refused to
Speaker 1: claim paternity of the child he helped conceive. The King
Speaker 1: sent the woman to a convent in disgrace. As an adult,
Speaker 1: Emilie defended her illegitimate sister's claim to inheritance against her
Speaker 1: cousin's attempts to silence the by then fifty year old woman.
Speaker 1: Emilie was successful, and Parisian courts awarded her half sister
Speaker 1: a settlement. Eventually into Louis Nicolaus's forties, both the king
Speaker 1: and Louis Nicolas's family were fed up with his behavior,
Speaker 1: and it was arranged for him to marry twenty seven
Speaker 1: year old Gabrielle Ann Defoulats. While the Riteaus were still
Speaker 1: considered new blood, the Foulats were elite members of the court.
Speaker 1: Gabrielle's mother was a lady in waiting to Queen Anne
Speaker 1: of Austria, and her father was a grand marshal of
Speaker 1: the king's army. In a memoir written by one of
Speaker 1: Emily's younger cousins, Gabrielle is described as an exceptionally beautiful
Speaker 1: woman who was strict and superstitious, but well read in
Speaker 1: both theology and astronomy. Emily's father also had intellectual interests,
Speaker 1: and he hosted a salon in the family home each Thursday.
Speaker 1: Louis Nicolas's salon drew big names from Parisian society, including
Speaker 1: the memoirrist San Simon, the secretary of the French Academy
Speaker 1: of Sciences Fontanelle, and one Voltaire himself. It's possible that
Speaker 1: Emily and her future collaborator and lover, Voltaire, might have
Speaker 1: met at one of these salons when Emily was just
Speaker 1: a child, but Voltaire actually dates their first meeting two
Speaker 1: years later. Emily's education was most likely typical for girls
Speaker 1: of her status. She would have had a governess who
Speaker 1: taught her basic reading, writing, and arithmetic, as well as
Speaker 1: of course, how to be well mannered and recite her prayers.
Speaker 1: When she was a little older, around seven or eight,
Speaker 1: evidence points to the possibility that she received a pe
Speaker 1: period of convent education. One of the major teaching orders
Speaker 1: for girls of the time described their responsibility as quote
Speaker 1: to teach the little girls Christian piety, the virtues and
Speaker 1: good morals, and the works and exercises appropriate to their
Speaker 1: sex end quote. In Emily's first completed intellectual work, a
Speaker 1: translation and expansion of English philosopher Bernard Mandeville's social commentary
Speaker 1: The Fables of the Bees, Emily dedicates space in her
Speaker 1: introduction to critiquing the state of girls education, She began
Speaker 1: writing a bit hyperbolically, quote, let us reflect a bit
Speaker 1: why at no time in the course of so many centuries,
Speaker 1: a good tragedy, a good poem, a respected tale, a
Speaker 1: beautiful painting, a good book of physics has ever come
Speaker 1: from the hand of a woman. Why do these creatures,
Speaker 1: whose understanding appears, and all things equal to that of men,
Speaker 1: seem to be stopped by an invisible force on this
Speaker 1: side of a barrier. I leave it to naturalists to
Speaker 1: find a physical explanation. But until that happens, women will
Speaker 1: be entitled to protest against their education. As for me,
Speaker 1: I confess that if I were king, I would wish
Speaker 1: to make this scientific experiment. I would reform an abuse
Speaker 1: that cuts out, so to speak, half of humanity. I
Speaker 1: would allow women to share in all the rights of humanity,
Speaker 1: and most of all those of the mind. In an
Speaker 1: earlier draft, she had explicitly stated quote if I were king,
Speaker 1: I would establish secondary schools for women end quote. Emily
Speaker 1: was vigilant about her own education as an adult, making
Speaker 1: up for lost years with tutors once she could hire
Speaker 1: them on her own. Secondary school for women was at
Speaker 1: this point just a fantasy. By the time Emily was
Speaker 1: fifteen or sixteen, potential marriages were already being negotiated. The
Speaker 1: lucky man would ultimately be Florent Claude, Marquis du Chetlais.
Speaker 1: In the eyes of society, he was a great match.
Speaker 1: He was older thirty four to her eighteen, a colonel
Speaker 1: in the King's army, and a member of one of
Speaker 1: France's oldest noble lines. The Duchetlas were one of the
Speaker 1: few families who could trace their lineage back to the
Speaker 1: twelfth century princes who fought in the Crusades. From their
Speaker 1: marriage alliance, Emily gained new status and privileges, while her
Speaker 1: husband gained much needed money. As summed up by one
Speaker 1: Versailles courtier, Monsieur le Marquis de is a man of
Speaker 1: the highest rank, but is not rich. The marriage alliance
Speaker 1: was understood as exactly that an alliance. Neither Emily nor
Speaker 1: her husband would have been conditioned to have any romantic
Speaker 1: ideas about their union. However, the pair was luckier than many.
Speaker 1: They were not in love, no, but they maintained a
Speaker 1: respectful and supportive relationship. Florent Claude was not an intellectual
Speaker 1: like his wife, but nonetheless he supported her pursuits steadfastly.
Speaker 1: He proudly boasted of her work to the court of
Speaker 1: Lorraine and took her book Institutions de Physique to the
Speaker 1: printer on her behalf. Quote happily I am sure of
Speaker 1: Monsieur de Chatelais, Emily once wrote to an associate, he
Speaker 1: is the most respectable and most estimable man I know.
Speaker 1: He was also away on on military campaigns more often
Speaker 1: than not, which left Emily plenty of time and space
Speaker 1: to explore both her intellectual and amorous passions. Emilie understood
Speaker 1: her responsibility as a wife was to carry on her
Speaker 1: husband's very prestigious family, noble line, or, as she plainly
Speaker 1: called it, quote, the propagation of the species. The couple's
Speaker 1: first child, a daughter, was born almost exactly a year
Speaker 1: after their marriage. Their son and heir, Florent Louis, was
Speaker 1: born a year later. Emili gave birth to a third child,
Speaker 1: a son, in seventeen thirty three, but he would die
Speaker 1: within his first year. Emili spoke about his death objectively,
Speaker 1: calling it quote one of the misfortunes of motherhood, but
Speaker 1: she also expressed her surprise at the extent of her
Speaker 1: distress and anger in the dinner when her set cataloged
Speaker 1: amongst her possessions after her own death, twelve place settings
Speaker 1: are still accompanied by a single gilded babyspoon. When her
Speaker 1: living son was old enough, Emily took his education upon
Speaker 1: herself after realizing his tutors were not up to her standards,
Speaker 1: and though she rallied for better girls' schooling, Emily did
Speaker 1: not teach her daughter the same way. Her daughter received
Speaker 1: the traditional convent education and married well young. Perhaps if
Speaker 1: Emily had been king in the late seventeen twenties and
Speaker 1: early seventeen thirties, when her children were still very young,
Speaker 1: Emily lived the typical life of a young noble woman,
Speaker 1: engaging in what she would later call Leschaux's frivou. Such frivolity,
Speaker 1: as she believed, led to quote the neglect of my
Speaker 1: mind and understanding. Her daily routine, as established through her letters,
Speaker 1: went something like this. Each morning, her lady's maid would
Speaker 1: wake her by drawing the heavy curtains that lined her bedpost,
Speaker 1: and she'd take her preferred breakfast of coffee with cream
Speaker 1: and a roll, then would begin the long process of dressing,
Speaker 1: powdering her hair, and applying rouge and mouche. The rest
Speaker 1: of the morning was spent receiving visitors followed by a
Speaker 1: trip to Paris's botanical gardens with her good friend, the
Speaker 1: Duchesta Saint Pierre, before returning home to dress for the theater.
Speaker 1: At six. Nights would be spent at friends homes or
Speaker 1: at one of Paris's many special events, like the annual
Speaker 1: opera ball, for which Emilie had a custom yellow silk
Speaker 1: domino mask. She could not handle alcohol and thus avoided it,
Speaker 1: but she adored food and gambling. It was a world of,
Speaker 1: in her words, late nights and excesses. What's particularly interesting
Speaker 1: about Emily's critique is that it's not moralizing or religious.
Speaker 1: These excesses and frivolities were not universally bad, in her opinion,
Speaker 1: but rather bad for her. We do not know what
Speaker 1: eventually sparked her shift in priorities. As she later explained,
Speaker 1: it was quote by chance that she encountered people who think,
Speaker 1: and through them came to the key realization that she
Speaker 1: too was a thinking creature. It would be years before
Speaker 1: she realized her full potential and published her own work,
Speaker 1: but by the early seventeen thirties a seed had been planted.
Speaker 1: In her discourse on Happiness. She would go on to
Speaker 1: explain that because women have been quote condemned to be
Speaker 1: excluded from warolitics, and diplomacy, she had to seek glory
Speaker 1: through another avenue. The answer for Emily was to seek
Speaker 1: glory through science and philosophy. In seventeen thirty three, at
Speaker 1: age twenty six, Emili returned to Parisian society after the
Speaker 1: birth of her third child. While she still indulged in
Speaker 1: her frivolities, her main focus now was on her new
Speaker 1: lessons in advanced geometry with the mathematician and future president
Speaker 1: of the Academy of Sciences montpertut While it was not
Speaker 1: uncommon for noble women to take on tutors, Emily was
Speaker 1: certainly the most enthusiastic of her tutor's clients. She was
Speaker 1: known to wait in her carriage outside of his favorite
Speaker 1: cafe so their lesson could begin as soon as he
Speaker 1: was finished. Women were, of course, not allowed inside those spaces.
Speaker 1: Emily became the subject of Parisian gossip, believed to be
Speaker 1: covering up an affair with her tutor under the guise
Speaker 1: of behaving as an eager student. These rumors were likely
Speaker 1: born out of a previous scandal, an affair she did
Speaker 1: have with a military officer that allegedly ended with him
Speaker 1: and another woman and Emily with a bottle of pills.
Speaker 1: While that affair was real, the truth of its dramatic
Speaker 1: ending is unknown. With her tutor, however, her passion was
Speaker 1: solely for mathematics. Speaking of affairs, it's time to bring
Speaker 1: out our guest star of the episode. It was in
Speaker 1: the spring of seventeen thirty three that Emili became re
Speaker 1: acquainted with Voltaire. While the pair had briefly met in
Speaker 1: adulthood in seventeen twenty nine, their meeting on an April
Speaker 1: night in seventeen thirty three in Saint Pierre's opera Box
Speaker 1: marked the true beginning of their relationship. While Voltaire looms
Speaker 1: large in our cultural imagination, Emily's attraction to him wasn't
Speaker 1: a given. For one, the large looming man was actually
Speaker 1: quite small. He stood at approximately five to three compared
Speaker 1: to Emily's five to six, and he was described by
Speaker 1: contemporaries as so slight he appeared as if he had consumption.
Speaker 1: Their difference in stature was accompanied by a difference in
Speaker 1: status as well. Emily had married into one of France's
Speaker 1: oldest noble families, while Voltaire belonged strictly to the bourgeoisie.
Speaker 1: There was also the matter of his tempestuous relationship with
Speaker 1: the King's government and religious authority, which often led to
Speaker 1: self imposed exiles to avoid arrest. At the same time,
Speaker 1: Voltaire was polite, witty, wealthy, famous, and utterly enchanted by Emily.
Speaker 1: He later told a friend quote, there is a lady
Speaker 1: in Paris named Emily who, in imagination and in reason
Speaker 1: surpasses the men who like to think they know a
Speaker 1: lot about the one and the other. The two would
Speaker 1: maintain years of friendship and intellectual collaboration before sex and
Speaker 1: love became involved. We can't know exactly what the two
Speaker 1: spoke about that first night at the opera box, but
Speaker 1: over the course of their long conversation, Voltaire offered to
Speaker 1: lend Emily a book. A few weeks after that meeting,
Speaker 1: he sent her a note explaining that he had fallen
Speaker 1: ill following a recent move and regretted that he could
Speaker 1: not bring her the book he promised. He flirtatiously suggested
Speaker 1: she visit him to pick it up, but playfully noted quote,
Speaker 1: I have more desire to see you than you have
Speaker 1: to console me. His evaluation of the disparity in their
Speaker 1: immediate feelings would prove evident even once their courtship began.
Speaker 1: He once told their friend Abie de Sad, uncle to
Speaker 1: that Sad incidentally, that Emily was a quote tyrant, because
Speaker 1: one must pay tribute by speaking of metaphysics before speaking
Speaker 1: of love. Strangely, no letters have survived between Emily and
Speaker 1: Voltaire themselves. Information regarding their intimate friendship is pulled from
Speaker 1: their descriptions to third parties. Emily did begin to visit
Speaker 1: Voltaire throughout the summer of seventeen thirty three July, accompanied
Speaker 1: by her friend Saint Pierre and her lover. One such night,
Speaker 1: Voltaire's three guests played cards while he began to compose
Speaker 1: his verse a pistol on Calumny defending Emily from Parisian gossip.
Speaker 1: The poem begins quote, Listen to me, respectable Emily. You
Speaker 1: are beautiful. Thus half of humankind will be your enemy.
Speaker 1: You possess a sublime genius. You will be feared. In
Speaker 1: October of the same year, Voltaire enlisted Emily's help working
Speaker 1: on his new play about Mexican history. Today in the
Speaker 1: National Library of Russia, where Voltaire's personal library resides. Thanks
Speaker 1: to Catherine the Great's purchase. After his death, One can
Speaker 1: still find Emily's notes in the margins of his copy
Speaker 1: of the History of the Conquest of Mexico. At the
Speaker 1: same time, Emily made progress in her own studies. A
Speaker 1: letter from Voltaire to his friend Sad, written in November
Speaker 1: tells us that Emily had recently learned English in only
Speaker 1: fifteen days. She had enlisted an Irish military officer as
Speaker 1: her tutor, and after five lessons she could read fluently truthfully,
Speaker 1: he confessed to his friend Madame du Chatelais Is a prodigy.
Speaker 1: She had also likely begun new mathematics lessons with her
Speaker 1: tutor's new protege, Claiat. Clairot's style of instruction was more
Speaker 1: in line with Emily's thinking, and Emily would later use
Speaker 1: his lessons to teach her son. Most importantly, the two
Speaker 1: shared a passion and excitement for mathematics that her former
Speaker 1: tutor did not. In the seventeen forties, while she worked
Speaker 1: on her translation of Newton's Principia, it was her new tutor, Clairot,
Speaker 1: with whom she checked her calculations. By that time, she
Speaker 1: had surpassed the skills of her first teacher who had
Speaker 1: struggled with Newton's calculus. An incident in the spring of
Speaker 1: seventeen thirty four would be a major turning point in
Speaker 1: both Emily and Voltaire's relationship and respectively, their personal lives.
Speaker 1: In April, Voltaire's letrece Philosophique was published without royal sanction
Speaker 1: and therefore illegally in France. By May third, a warrant
Speaker 1: was out for his arrest. He knew this was coming.
Speaker 1: The essays featured veiled mockery of the church, but he
Speaker 1: went forward with publication despite warnings from friends. Voltaire began
Speaker 1: to move from place to place and planned to go
Speaker 1: into exile if necessary, comparing himself to Calvin and Ovid.
Speaker 1: A local officer presented in order for Voltaire's arrest. Personally,
Speaker 1: to Emily, she wrote with distress to sad, envisioning quote
Speaker 1: my best friend with horrible health in prison, where he
Speaker 1: will surely die of sadness if illness doesn't kill him.
Speaker 1: She began to actively defend Voltaire to the government and
Speaker 1: found an ally in her husband, The marquis known Chill Guy,
Speaker 1: was fond of Voltaire despite his relationship with his wife,
Speaker 1: and he would continue to protect the trouble prone philosopher
Speaker 1: for many years to come. Authorities ultimately awarded the Marquis
Speaker 1: and Marquise du Chatelas the quote official authorization to sequester
Speaker 1: Voltaire basically supervised house arrest. Exiled from Paris, Voltaire moved
Speaker 1: to the du Chatelas estate in Champagne. Writing to his
Speaker 1: closest correspondent, Voltaire praised quote, Emily renders good offices to
Speaker 1: her friends with the same vivacity that she learned the
Speaker 1: languages of mathematics, and when she has rendered all the
Speaker 1: services imaginable, she believes she has done nothing. Resuming her
Speaker 1: own life in Paris, Emily found herself at a loss,
Speaker 1: as she explained Tosad in July, quote, I am not
Speaker 1: accustomed to living without him, nor to the thought of
Speaker 1: losing him without recourse. That would poison all the sweetness
Speaker 1: of my life. She faced two more losses in quick succession.
Speaker 1: First the death of her infant son, whom he already mentioned,
Speaker 1: and then her tutor went to Basle with his mentor
Speaker 1: without warning, and her lessons ceased. Paris suddenly lost its luster,
Speaker 1: and she made the decision to join Voltaire in Champagne.
Speaker 1: By the fall, the pair fell into a routine of cohabitation.
Speaker 1: They both referred to the estate as my hermitage and
Speaker 1: considered it a place devoted to intellect. For the next year,
Speaker 1: Emily spent her time between Paris and Champagne, between a
Speaker 1: life of society and a life of study. Their romantic
Speaker 1: relationship must have begun during this period, because in May
Speaker 1: of seventeen thirty five, Emily refers to Voltaire as more
Speaker 1: than a friend for the first time. Reminiscing on her
Speaker 1: time in Champagne, she reflected that she had tasted the
Speaker 1: happiness of living in the country with my lover. After
Speaker 1: much internal debate, she came to the decision that she
Speaker 1: would leave Paris for good, becoming a full time resident
Speaker 1: at the hermitage. Friends advice against such a drastic move
Speaker 1: and didn't believe she was capable of abandoning her beloved
Speaker 1: Parisian lifestyle. Her response was decisive, quote, I love Voltaire
Speaker 1: enough to sacrifice all that I could find pleasurable and
Speaker 1: agreeable in Paris, for the happiness of living with him
Speaker 1: without dangers, and the pleasure of tearing him away in
Speaker 1: spite of himself from his imprudences and his destiny. In
Speaker 1: the summer of seventeen thirty five, her servants packed her bags.
Speaker 1: That's the end of part one of our story about
Speaker 1: Emily du Cheplay, but keep listening after a brief sponsor
Speaker 1: break to hear about a particularly interesting conversation that shaped
Speaker 1: Emily's life. Emily's decision to leave Paris for the country
Speaker 1: was supported by a figure from her childhood, Fontanelle, her
Speaker 1: father's associate and former secretary of the Academy of Sciences.
Speaker 1: On June fifteenth, Emilie went for a two hour walk
Speaker 1: in the Tuillery Garden with the then seventy eight year
Speaker 1: old writer. Bringing up her dilemma, he responded in a
Speaker 1: way she would understand as a fellow mathematician. He said, quote,
Speaker 1: it is only a question of calculating, and wisdom always
Speaker 1: holds the counters in her hand. It was that very
Speaker 1: night she made her decision to leave. When she wrote
Speaker 1: her discourse on Happiness in the late seventeen forties, she
Speaker 1: would repeat that advice word for word. Noble Blood is
Speaker 1: a production of iHeartRadio and Grimm and Mild from Aaron Mankey.
Speaker 1: Noble Blood is hosted by me Dana Schwartz, writers for
Speaker 1: Noble Blood are Hannah Johnston, Hannah Zwick, Paul Jaffey, Natasha Laski,
Speaker 1: and me Dana Schwartz. The show is edited and produced
Speaker 1: by Jesse Funk and Nomes Griffin, with supervising producer rima
Speaker 1: Il Kaali and executive producers Aaron Manke, Trevor Young, and
Speaker 1: Matt Frederick. For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app,
Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.