1 00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:01,920 Speaker 1: This Day in History Class is a production of I 2 00:00:02,040 --> 00:00:07,000 Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Hey guys, welcome to This Day in History Class, 3 00:00:07,440 --> 00:00:10,960 Speaker 1: where we bring you a new tidbit from history every day. 4 00:00:12,600 --> 00:00:25,880 Speaker 1: Today is June five. The day was June five, n one. 5 00:00:27,160 --> 00:00:31,319 Speaker 1: The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, published by the US 6 00:00:31,400 --> 00:00:35,440 Speaker 1: Center for Disease Control, released an article called Pneumo Cistus 7 00:00:35,479 --> 00:00:40,440 Speaker 1: Pneumonia Los Angeles. The article detailed five cases of pneumo 8 00:00:40,479 --> 00:00:45,400 Speaker 1: sisters karina pneumonia or PCP, which is a rare long infection. 9 00:00:46,200 --> 00:00:49,080 Speaker 1: The cases were all in Los Angeles, and all of 10 00:00:49,080 --> 00:00:53,360 Speaker 1: the men identified in the report as having PCP were young, white, 11 00:00:53,520 --> 00:00:57,120 Speaker 1: and gay. This report was the first on what would 12 00:00:57,120 --> 00:01:01,520 Speaker 1: become known as the AIDS or acquired immunodifee siency syndrome. Epidemic. 13 00:01:02,800 --> 00:01:08,039 Speaker 1: AIDS is caused by HIV. Are human immunodeficiency virus. HIV 14 00:01:08,160 --> 00:01:11,400 Speaker 1: attacks a person's immune system as it spreads through the body, 15 00:01:11,720 --> 00:01:16,440 Speaker 1: specifically attacking C D four sales, also known as T sales. 16 00:01:17,240 --> 00:01:20,560 Speaker 1: As the virus destroys these sales, the immune system has 17 00:01:20,640 --> 00:01:25,400 Speaker 1: a hard time combating disease and infection. AIDS is the 18 00:01:25,440 --> 00:01:29,240 Speaker 1: most severe stage of the HIV infection. When the immune 19 00:01:29,280 --> 00:01:32,959 Speaker 1: system is so compromised that the affected person gets many 20 00:01:33,040 --> 00:01:37,960 Speaker 1: opportunistic illnesses. There is no cure for HIV, but there 21 00:01:37,959 --> 00:01:41,360 Speaker 1: are treatments that can help control the infection, which reduced 22 00:01:41,360 --> 00:01:44,520 Speaker 1: the presence of symptoms and the risk of transmission to 23 00:01:44,560 --> 00:01:49,080 Speaker 1: people who do not have HIV. Scientists believe that HIV 24 00:01:49,320 --> 00:01:52,919 Speaker 1: was passed to humans from chimpanzees that had a version 25 00:01:52,920 --> 00:01:58,040 Speaker 1: of the virus called Simian immunodeficiency virus or s i V. 26 00:01:59,760 --> 00:02:02,480 Speaker 1: H i V could have been transmitted from apes to 27 00:02:02,600 --> 00:02:06,080 Speaker 1: humans as early as the late eighteen hundreds and spread 28 00:02:06,120 --> 00:02:09,480 Speaker 1: across the world since. Though the virus had been in 29 00:02:09,520 --> 00:02:13,120 Speaker 1: the United States since at least the nineteen seventies, it 30 00:02:13,200 --> 00:02:18,600 Speaker 1: was not reported until the nineteen one article. Local clinicians 31 00:02:18,680 --> 00:02:22,560 Speaker 1: and the Epidemic Intelligence Service officer at the Los Angeles 32 00:02:22,639 --> 00:02:25,880 Speaker 1: County Department of Public Health created the report and sent 33 00:02:25,919 --> 00:02:29,679 Speaker 1: it to the Morbidity and Immortality Weekly Report for publication 34 00:02:29,840 --> 00:02:34,280 Speaker 1: in May of nineteen eighty one. Before the journal published 35 00:02:34,280 --> 00:02:37,200 Speaker 1: the report, the editorial staff sent it to the CDC 36 00:02:37,440 --> 00:02:41,960 Speaker 1: for review by experts in parasitic and sexually transmitted infections, 37 00:02:42,480 --> 00:02:46,320 Speaker 1: and on June five, n one, the article was published. 38 00:02:47,320 --> 00:02:51,760 Speaker 1: The five patients in the article all described as previously healthy, 39 00:02:51,800 --> 00:02:56,960 Speaker 1: currently or previously had cyto megalovirus and Candida mucoastal infection 40 00:02:57,360 --> 00:03:02,040 Speaker 1: in addition to pneumo sistis pneumonia. Two of the patients died. 41 00:03:03,040 --> 00:03:05,640 Speaker 1: The editorial note included at the end of the article 42 00:03:06,000 --> 00:03:09,639 Speaker 1: stated that pneumo sisters pneumonia is usually seen in people 43 00:03:09,919 --> 00:03:13,320 Speaker 1: who were severely immuno suppressed, and that the occurrence of 44 00:03:13,360 --> 00:03:17,200 Speaker 1: the illness and these five patients was unusual. It also 45 00:03:17,280 --> 00:03:20,200 Speaker 1: noted that because all five men were gay, some sort 46 00:03:20,200 --> 00:03:23,639 Speaker 1: of disease acquired through sexual contact was at hand, and 47 00:03:23,840 --> 00:03:28,639 Speaker 1: that a cellular immune dysfunction related to common exposure was possible. 48 00:03:29,800 --> 00:03:33,200 Speaker 1: The same day, a New York dermatologist called the CDC 49 00:03:33,480 --> 00:03:37,680 Speaker 1: to report several cases of Compos's sarcoma, a very rare 50 00:03:37,800 --> 00:03:42,520 Speaker 1: cancer that often affects people with immune deficiencies, among gay men, 51 00:03:42,560 --> 00:03:46,560 Speaker 1: in New York, in California, and from there, more reports 52 00:03:46,560 --> 00:03:50,000 Speaker 1: of similar cases popped up around the country. Just days 53 00:03:50,040 --> 00:03:53,600 Speaker 1: after the initial report was published, the CDC established the 54 00:03:53,640 --> 00:03:58,560 Speaker 1: Task Force on Capos, Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections to research 55 00:03:58,760 --> 00:04:02,480 Speaker 1: risk factors and in investigate new cases of the mysterious syndrome. 56 00:04:03,760 --> 00:04:06,960 Speaker 1: On July three, The New York Times published an article 57 00:04:07,000 --> 00:04:11,760 Speaker 1: on the epidemic titled Rare cancer seen in forty one homosexuals. 58 00:04:12,520 --> 00:04:15,160 Speaker 1: Because it seems like the condition was limited to gay men, 59 00:04:15,520 --> 00:04:19,800 Speaker 1: it became known as gay related immune deficiency. As the 60 00:04:19,839 --> 00:04:24,760 Speaker 1: epidemic received more media attention, the misnomer gay cancer entered 61 00:04:24,800 --> 00:04:28,560 Speaker 1: the public lexicon, but in September of nineteen eighty two, 62 00:04:28,680 --> 00:04:31,040 Speaker 1: the term AIDS was used to describe the syndrome for 63 00:04:31,080 --> 00:04:34,200 Speaker 1: the first time. Though it was known that people besides 64 00:04:34,240 --> 00:04:37,400 Speaker 1: men who have sex with men can get AIDS, perception 65 00:04:37,520 --> 00:04:42,040 Speaker 1: of AIDS as a gay disease persisted after researchers found 66 00:04:42,040 --> 00:04:45,880 Speaker 1: out that HIV causes AIDS in nineteen eighty four, HIV 67 00:04:46,080 --> 00:04:49,960 Speaker 1: tests were developed, and in nineteen eighties seven, the first 68 00:04:50,080 --> 00:04:55,320 Speaker 1: anti retroviral medication for HIV, called a z T, was released. 69 00:04:56,400 --> 00:04:59,120 Speaker 1: Throughout the nineteen eighties, the number of cases of HIV 70 00:04:59,240 --> 00:05:02,800 Speaker 1: AIDS increa, and so did the number of deaths caused 71 00:05:02,800 --> 00:05:06,720 Speaker 1: by complications of AIDS. After that, the number of new 72 00:05:06,760 --> 00:05:10,360 Speaker 1: cases and deaths declined. Men who have sex with men, 73 00:05:10,800 --> 00:05:13,719 Speaker 1: people of color, transgender, women who have sex with men 74 00:05:14,080 --> 00:05:17,880 Speaker 1: and injection drug users are at high risk for getting HIV. 75 00:05:19,480 --> 00:05:22,280 Speaker 1: I'm Eaves Deathcote and hopefully you know a little more 76 00:05:22,320 --> 00:05:26,799 Speaker 1: about history today than you did yesterday. And an additional 77 00:05:26,839 --> 00:05:30,800 Speaker 1: note about the presence of HIV in the States. There's 78 00:05:30,800 --> 00:05:33,919 Speaker 1: a longstanding myth that a French Canadian flight attendant was 79 00:05:34,000 --> 00:05:37,119 Speaker 1: patient zero in the US as he picked up HIV 80 00:05:37,320 --> 00:05:40,440 Speaker 1: in Haiti or Africa and spread it across the States, 81 00:05:40,480 --> 00:05:43,320 Speaker 1: but scientists declared that this was not the case. In 82 00:05:45,839 --> 00:05:48,080 Speaker 1: If you want to learn more about history, you can 83 00:05:48,120 --> 00:05:52,080 Speaker 1: listen to my new podcast called Unpopular. It's a podcast 84 00:05:52,080 --> 00:05:55,120 Speaker 1: that I host that's about people in history who were 85 00:05:55,160 --> 00:05:58,200 Speaker 1: dissenters or were rebels and they challenged the status quo 86 00:05:58,560 --> 00:06:02,359 Speaker 1: and sometimes they were per secute it for it. You 87 00:06:02,400 --> 00:06:07,080 Speaker 1: can follow us on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook at t 88 00:06:07,560 --> 00:06:12,880 Speaker 1: d i h C podcast. Thank you again for listening 89 00:06:12,920 --> 00:06:24,960 Speaker 1: and we'll see you tomorrow. For more podcasts from my 90 00:06:25,000 --> 00:06:27,680 Speaker 1: Heart Radio, visit the I Heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, 91 00:06:27,720 --> 00:06:29,480 Speaker 1: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.