Speaker 1: Welcome to Creature Feature production of I Heart Radio. I'm
Speaker 1: your host of Many Parasites. Katie Golden has studied psychology
Speaker 1: and evolutionary biology, and today on the show, it's a
Speaker 1: listener questions episode. That's right. You send me your questions
Speaker 1: and I answer them. You can email me at Creature
Speaker 1: Feature Pod at gmail dot com with your animal biology
Speaker 1: questions and I will answer them. Uh sometimes I even
Speaker 1: answer them on the show, like I'm doing today. So
Speaker 1: let's get right into it. First off, I have a
Speaker 1: couple of really good questions from Eva H, so I'm
Speaker 1: going to answer both of them, all right. In multiple episodes,
Speaker 1: you talked about how when we domesticated dogs, their ears
Speaker 1: got floppy and coats got spotted because of the genetic link.
Speaker 1: But when these traits and a more calm demeanor. When
Speaker 1: I shared that fun fact at the dinner table, my
Speaker 1: father immediately shot me down, saying, what about German shepherds
Speaker 1: and other similar breeds that have upright ears? I couldn't
Speaker 1: answer the question or find a good answer on Google.
Speaker 1: Could you help me out and finding the answer? Thank
Speaker 1: you so much. In advance, Eva H from Slovenia, So
Speaker 1: great question, Eva Um also, I will always back you
Speaker 1: up in a fight against your dad. So the answer, well,
Speaker 1: the short answer is we can selectively breed back traits
Speaker 1: that were lost in dogs, such as stronger ear cartilage
Speaker 1: or even aggression. So German shepherds and other breeds can
Speaker 1: have ears that stick up um. But here's the longer answer.
Speaker 1: So floppy ears and spotted coats aren't necessarily intrinsically tied
Speaker 1: to calm behavior, but they are linked to neural crest cells,
Speaker 1: namely the amount of neural crest cells. So neural crest
Speaker 1: cells are a group of cells that arise early in
Speaker 1: embryonic development and these will generate a number of different
Speaker 1: cell types. So in terms of the domestication of dogs
Speaker 1: and other animals, the domestication process has actually resulted in
Speaker 1: less proliferation of the neural crest cells. And because these
Speaker 1: cells mediate a wide range of characteristics, the theory is
Speaker 1: that by reducing the proliferation of neural crust cells, all
Speaker 1: sorts of traits are affected. It lowers things like hormone
Speaker 1: levels that mediate aggression and causes the animal to be
Speaker 1: less aggressive, but also coincidentally, the lowered proliferation of these
Speaker 1: neural crest cells also affects the development of the animals
Speaker 1: cartilage production and melanine distribution, which can result in floppy
Speaker 1: ears spotted coats. So this is called domestication syndrome. Now,
Speaker 1: you can selectively breed back in the stronger ear cartilage,
Speaker 1: you can breed back in different kinds of coats. But
Speaker 1: the question is, by breeding back the upright ears, are
Speaker 1: you also breeding back more aggression in the dog? And
Speaker 1: if not, how is it possible to separate the ear
Speaker 1: cartilage strength from the aggression? And you know, disappointingly, I
Speaker 1: actually don't know, and I haven't found a lot of
Speaker 1: good research about it. Um. I suspect that if we
Speaker 1: find an answer to those questions, will have a much
Speaker 1: better understanding of how domestication syndrome works. I would suspect
Speaker 1: that things like ear cartilage and aggression are not inevitably linked.
Speaker 1: So I think you could probably breed back stronger ear
Speaker 1: cartilage without causing a dog to be um, you know,
Speaker 1: just sort of innately aggressive. Because I mean that's rather
Speaker 1: evident because we do have dogs that we've bred uh
Speaker 1: to have that stiffer ear cartilage, like huskies and German
Speaker 1: shepherds and while German shepherds may be known for being
Speaker 1: easily trained to be more aggressive, Um, I think that
Speaker 1: it is clear that they are not wolf like, so
Speaker 1: they are not as nearly as aggressive as wolves. You know,
Speaker 1: I don't even know too much about research on whether
Speaker 1: German shepherds without training are like inherently aggressive or anything
Speaker 1: like that. So I think that you can basically fiddle
Speaker 1: around with the dogs such that you're able to uh,
Speaker 1: kind of bring back some of the genes that would
Speaker 1: code for stiffer ear cartilage. But at the same time,
Speaker 1: it isn't completely undoing all those MANI any years of
Speaker 1: selecting for lower digression. Now, how does this work in
Speaker 1: terms of the neural crest cells. Whether it means there's
Speaker 1: a few more neural crest cells, but uh, that doesn't
Speaker 1: mean the dog goes back to being as aggressive as
Speaker 1: a wolf. I really don't know, and I was unable
Speaker 1: to find research about it. So I think that is
Speaker 1: a super interesting question, and I'm really hopeful that I'll
Speaker 1: be able to find some new research in the future,
Speaker 1: and I'll share it with you guys if I ever do.
Speaker 1: And here's the second question from Eva. H. Hello, it's
Speaker 1: me again. After some more binge. Listening to your wonderful podcast,
Speaker 1: I have gotten an idea. I'm from Slovenia and one
Speaker 1: of our symbols kind of is the Clovesca rubica, which
Speaker 1: the literal translation is human fish. The Latin name is
Speaker 1: Proteus anguinus. Despite it being very famous for being only
Speaker 1: found in our region, I know surprisingly little fun facts
Speaker 1: about them, and I would love to change that. They're
Speaker 1: also endangered, so I want to raise awareness for their conservation.
Speaker 1: I find them beautiful and maybe some of your listeners
Speaker 1: might also take an interest in them. Maybe you could
Speaker 1: do an episode about all the weird humanoid animals or
Speaker 1: something like that. Thank you so much in advance. So Eva,
Speaker 1: thank you so much for your questions. I agree that
Speaker 1: the Proteus anguinus deserves more love. It's also known as
Speaker 1: the ulm, and it's a cave dwelling salamander that is pink,
Speaker 1: long and basically eyeless. I have actually talked about these
Speaker 1: guys in detail in the episode called Yum Troglobites, which
Speaker 1: aired on February three, But here's a little bit of
Speaker 1: info on them right now, including some things I didn't
Speaker 1: cover last time I spoke about them. So they're called
Speaker 1: human fish because of that fleshy, pink coloration that is
Speaker 1: similar to some human skin. They're not fish, but they
Speaker 1: are aquatic. They're actually similar to axilotels and that they
Speaker 1: are a permanent what a juvenile form of a salamander.
Speaker 1: So this is called neontony when an animal retains the
Speaker 1: traits of a juvenile for its entire life. By the way,
Speaker 1: we were just talking about the domestication of dogs. Dogs
Speaker 1: can actually be considered to be examples of neontany, as
Speaker 1: they retain the puppy like traits of their wolf ancestors,
Speaker 1: like playfulness, floppy ears, large foreheads, shorter muzzles, smaller size,
Speaker 1: and so on. So back to the human fish a
Speaker 1: k A ohm uh. They can grow to be quite long,
Speaker 1: about a foot or thirty centimeters long. They have these
Speaker 1: tiny cute legs on their front and their back, and
Speaker 1: to me they look like little water dragons. They kind
Speaker 1: of just swim like we imagine a serpentine dragon might
Speaker 1: fly undulating around. So even though their eyes are basically useless,
Speaker 1: they have extremely sensitive taste, smell, and hearing, allowing them
Speaker 1: to locate praise such as insect shrimps, and snails. Even
Speaker 1: though they can't really see distinctly with their sunken eyes,
Speaker 1: both their eyes and their skin is photosensitive, so they
Speaker 1: can quote unquote see light with their skin, which is
Speaker 1: really ridiculously amazing. In addition to all these strange things,
Speaker 1: their lives are very weird and mystical. They can live
Speaker 1: to be over sixty years old, with some studies estimating
Speaker 1: that they could live to be up to a hundred
Speaker 1: years old. They only breed every twelve years, and males
Speaker 1: seduce females by exerting an attractive pheromony uh then circling
Speaker 1: the female while fanning her with his tail, which sounds
Speaker 1: very alluring. Incredibly, they can survive for years without feeding
Speaker 1: by slowing down they're already pretty slow metabolism. That slow
Speaker 1: metabolic rate may also be the key to their longevity,
Speaker 1: outliving all of the world's known amphibians. They're also kind
Speaker 1: of introverts and home bodies. They don't like to move
Speaker 1: around much. One home that was tracked by researchers stayed
Speaker 1: in the exact same spot for seven years without moving.
Speaker 1: Because they lack natural predators, they can afford to be
Speaker 1: very chill and just kind of hang out, and I
Speaker 1: guess you kind of have to take it slow when
Speaker 1: you live in a cave where food and change is
Speaker 1: very scarce. But yeah, I love the idea of talking
Speaker 1: about animals with human traits. Maybe I will do a
Speaker 1: whole episode on it. In the meantime. Here's a quick sample.
Speaker 1: There's the Kintacanthus incarnatus, otherwise known as the man faced
Speaker 1: stink bug. It's an orange, red, or yellow or cream
Speaker 1: colored stink bug found in India and Southeas East Asia,
Speaker 1: with black markings that can look like a face or
Speaker 1: a decorative mask. It's possible that the mask are eye spots,
Speaker 1: a form of defense, tricking predators into thinking there's a
Speaker 1: large pair of eyes looking at them. In the stink
Speaker 1: bugs case, if that doesn't work, they've got something hidden
Speaker 1: up their sleeve, or at least stink glance hidden under
Speaker 1: their abdomen that they can deploy as a defensive measure
Speaker 1: chemical warfare against anything that would want to eat it,
Speaker 1: or anyone that pokes at it and is unlucky enough
Speaker 1: to learn that. Hey, stink bugs are named that way
Speaker 1: for a reason. So I'm gonna take just a real
Speaker 1: quick break and then when I get back, I'm going
Speaker 1: to answer another listener question. So I am back, and
Speaker 1: here is another listener question. Thank Katie. I'm in a
Speaker 1: mammalogy class this semester and it made me want to
Speaker 1: find an episode. I don't think I completely hallucinated. I
Speaker 1: seem to recall you talking about mammals that coexisted with
Speaker 1: dinosaurs for an episode, and you even had a book
Speaker 1: recommendation to go with it. Maybe it wasn't a whole episode,
Speaker 1: And if you hadn't done this, then I'd love to
Speaker 1: hear you talk about mammals that coexisted with dinosaurs. Thanks Hannah.
Speaker 1: Hi Hannah. So yes, I have to be honest with you.
Speaker 1: I'm not sure I remember if I did an episode
Speaker 1: about mammals that coexisted with dinosaurs. But if I didn't yet,
Speaker 1: which I don't think I have, that is a great idea.
Speaker 1: The two dinosaur focused episodes that I remember are Jurassic
Speaker 1: Paul Blart from January and Go Home, Nature You're Drunk
Speaker 1: from July, which must be a pretty old episode. I
Speaker 1: don't remember how good I was back then, probably a
Speaker 1: little bit rough, but hey, you know what, we all
Speaker 1: start somewhere. So in that episode, the one from nineteen.
Speaker 1: I checked my notes and I did make a book recommendation.
Speaker 1: I recommended All Yesterday's Unique and Speculative Views of Dinosaurs
Speaker 1: and Other Prehistoric Animals, which is by John Conway see
Speaker 1: Him Closeman and Darren Nish and illustrated by Scott Hartman,
Speaker 1: and it is a lovely book. It shows pictures of
Speaker 1: how contemporary animals might be depicted if we only had
Speaker 1: their fossil records and tried to guess what they looked like. Uh.
Speaker 1: It's like it's this thing that we actually call shrink rapping,
Speaker 1: where when you depict a dinosaur, you're basing it off
Speaker 1: of fossil records. And while fossil records can preserve quite
Speaker 1: a bit of things such as bones, even sometimes tissues
Speaker 1: or imprints, it doesn't contain the totality of the information
Speaker 1: about the animal. And so, especially back before we had
Speaker 1: ways to detect less visible things in these fossil records,
Speaker 1: things like you know, we found uh prints of like
Speaker 1: mites and things that would be found in feathers and
Speaker 1: so on. Uh, we had this view of dinosaurs as
Speaker 1: being you know, mostly brown or green, kind of like
Speaker 1: you know, reptiles. I suppose although there are a lot
Speaker 1: of very colorful reptiles um, but we also viewed them
Speaker 1: as being quite lean, so very muscular, but kind of skeletal,
Speaker 1: so that that lean look where you are sort of
Speaker 1: guessing that they have the least amount of muscle mass
Speaker 1: are not covered by anything like feathers or ornamentation, is
Speaker 1: called shrink wrapping because of what shrink wrapping is, so
Speaker 1: we have probably done this to dinosaurs, where we uh
Speaker 1: kind of underestimate how much stuff they have, either fat
Speaker 1: or ornamentation or feathers, and so in this book they
Speaker 1: illustrate what this is like by using contemporary animals that
Speaker 1: we know what they look like, and then treating giving
Speaker 1: them the sharing grapping treatment, imagining if they were a
Speaker 1: paleo artist with only the fossil records of say like
Speaker 1: a swan to work from, and then they draw this
Speaker 1: swan that's this featherless, gaunt, kind of frightening monster whose
Speaker 1: wing tips are these like spears that they used to
Speaker 1: impale fish, or a baboon which looks absolutely demonic when
Speaker 1: you remove its fur and a lot of its flesh.
Speaker 1: So it's meant to show how we may have been
Speaker 1: making similar errors when depicting dinosaurs. Um. It also offers
Speaker 1: speculative depictions of dinosaurs as being more colorful and ornamented
Speaker 1: than we typically imagine them with feathers, and also maybe
Speaker 1: showing behaviors we wouldn't think that dinosaurs have, like maybe
Speaker 1: small dinosaurs going up in a tree and climbing it
Speaker 1: and trying to eat the leaves there. So yes, uh,
Speaker 1: this I think is a really good book. Um. And yeah,
Speaker 1: So mammals did coexist with dinosaurs, and while many of
Speaker 1: them died out due to the same asteroid disaster that
Speaker 1: resulted in this you know, massive heat wave masses climate
Speaker 1: disaster that killed off so much vegetation and then famine.
Speaker 1: Um this uh yeah, this killed the dinosaurs except for birds,
Speaker 1: who are dinosaurs and still alive. Uh. And it also
Speaker 1: killed off a lot of mammals. But because many mammals
Speaker 1: were small and able to survive the heat wave by
Speaker 1: being in their little burrows. Uh. And then when they emerged,
Speaker 1: they were able to adapt to that shortage of food
Speaker 1: more easily given their size. The same adaptability is found
Speaker 1: in things like you know, birds who were ancestors of
Speaker 1: the smaller feathery dinosaurs that survived. Also like all of
Speaker 1: the reptiles, amphibians, uh, fish, these other animals that all
Speaker 1: survived the asteroid impact. You know, they were tended to
Speaker 1: be smaller, um, tended to be more adaptable to and
Speaker 1: in terms of finding new food sources, finding shelter. So
Speaker 1: then we ended up with, of course, this diversification of
Speaker 1: this small number of mammals that survived the asteroid UH.
Speaker 1: And they were able to become bigger and more dominant
Speaker 1: given the absence of the dinosaurs. But during the reign
Speaker 1: of the dinosaurs, mammals were somewhat relegated to the margins
Speaker 1: of the I was gonna say society, dino society. I
Speaker 1: don't really know if you can call it a society.
Speaker 1: But they were small, nocturnal and had to constantly be
Speaker 1: on edge during the presence of fierce dinosaur predators. Mammals
Speaker 1: did not evolve from dinosaurs, but diverged from a common
Speaker 1: ancestor in a clade known as synapsid. So mammals evolved
Speaker 1: from a mammal like reptile about a hundred e d
Speaker 1: two two hundred million years ago. Uh. The largest mammals
Speaker 1: that co existed with the dinosaurs were about the size
Speaker 1: of a badger, and the smallest were like these tiny
Speaker 1: wool like creatures, and I yes, it is fascinating. I
Speaker 1: think I will do a full episode on the mammals
Speaker 1: that coexisted with the dinosaurs, and then the consequences of
Speaker 1: the asteroid impact and then the diversification of mammals after that.
Speaker 1: I think that's a great suggestion. So thanks so much
Speaker 1: for the idea, Hannah Um. But now I'm going to
Speaker 1: take a quick break and then we'll come back and
Speaker 1: do the final listener question. All right, we are back,
Speaker 1: and it's just one more listener question to you answer.
Speaker 1: So have you done a podcast about undersea event creatures?
Speaker 1: I don't suppose they would taste very good, but who
Speaker 1: knows what a genius Italian chef could come up with.
Speaker 1: I have a slightly more serious question. Articles about these
Speaker 1: events tell out shrimps, lobsters, and other living things around
Speaker 1: the vents. I would like some clarification about that. Are
Speaker 1: these creatures who aren't related to shrimps who only look
Speaker 1: like shrimps? I thought only micro organisms used chemosynthesis? Do
Speaker 1: the creatures living around these events use chemosynthesis? Thanks sincerely, Stephen.
Speaker 1: So this is a great question, Steven, So, I did
Speaker 1: do an episode on the undersea vent shrimp. It's called
Speaker 1: the Shrimp Episode and it aired March thirty one. It
Speaker 1: was all about shrimps, not just the deep sea variety
Speaker 1: of shrimps, but a bunch of different shrimps. Um. But yes, now,
Speaker 1: onto what is going on with those deep sea events?
Speaker 1: How can life survive down there? Are they shrimp? Are
Speaker 1: they giant bacteria? So to answer your question, yes, shrimp.
Speaker 1: These things that you have heard of are indeed shrimp,
Speaker 1: and they don't use chemosynthesis, but they do feed on
Speaker 1: the micro organisms who do use chemosynthesis. So, one you
Speaker 1: have microbes who can survive near these deep see events,
Speaker 1: you open up things for animals that are bigger and
Speaker 1: then slightly bigger than that, and so like there's a
Speaker 1: whole food chain based on these small microbes who are
Speaker 1: able to utilize the chemistry of the hydrothermal vents that
Speaker 1: animals cannot really use. So here's how it works. There
Speaker 1: are these chimneys at the bottom of the sea, called
Speaker 1: the hydrothermal vents that spew hot, hot, hot hot water
Speaker 1: filled with a variety of chemical compounds such as hydrogen, hydrogen, sulfide, ammonia,
Speaker 1: and other things that we can't really eat and life
Speaker 1: cannot really survive in the hottest part of the vent,
Speaker 1: But radiating out from the hottest part are zones that
Speaker 1: are inhabitable by different living organisms. Microbes, including both archaa
Speaker 1: and bacteria, can survive in very high temperatures and can
Speaker 1: convert the inorganic compounds being spewed out by the vent
Speaker 1: into energy. This process is called chemosynthesis, and it involves
Speaker 1: the conversion of inorganic matter into organic matter. The microbes
Speaker 1: capable of chemosynthesis are the foundation of the chain of
Speaker 1: life near these hydrothermal vents. So next you have the
Speaker 1: animals that eat the microbes themselves or the byproducts the
Speaker 1: microbes produce. Deep sea limpets, which are a type of
Speaker 1: aquatic snail, feed on the microbial mats like these thick
Speaker 1: carpets of microbes giant tube worms. Meanwhile, these things that
Speaker 1: look like organic pipe organs almost feed on the byproducts
Speaker 1: of the microbes. They allow bacteria to live inside them
Speaker 1: and then they feed on the bacteria's byproducts. So this
Speaker 1: is a symbiotic relationship between the two worm and the bacteria,
Speaker 1: and the bacteria gets a nice place to live. Whereas
Speaker 1: the two warm gets food produced by the bacteria, and
Speaker 1: the tube warm actually has no other way of eating.
Speaker 1: It does not have a gut. It just feeds on
Speaker 1: the byproduct of the bacteria entirely, so onto the shrimp
Speaker 1: in the room. Yes, shrimp do live near these hydrothermal vents.
Speaker 1: In particular, there is a really interesting case. The Biba
Speaker 1: hydrothermal vent, which is the deepest hydrothermal vents in the world,
Speaker 1: are found in the Caribbean near the Cayman Islands and
Speaker 1: are a host to the species of pale white eyeless
Speaker 1: shrimp called Rima carris hibisa. These shrimp can either eat
Speaker 1: bacteria or become carnivores and eat those tiny snails, crustaceans,
Speaker 1: or even each other. Areas where the shrimp populations are
Speaker 1: dense are typically areas where these shrimp eat bacteria, and
Speaker 1: in the areas where the shrimp population is more sparse,
Speaker 1: they actually typically hunt. So let's think about this for
Speaker 1: a minute. Does this mean that when the shrimp are
Speaker 1: in these dense clusters, they're more likely to eat bacteria
Speaker 1: because they're in these clusters um and then when they
Speaker 1: are more sparse they're more likely to hunt for some
Speaker 1: reason because they are in more sparsely populated areas well,
Speaker 1: that's not clear, so this is not necessarily causal. Perhaps
Speaker 1: the reason that they mostly eat bacteria rather than hunt
Speaker 1: in the areas where they're dense is simply because there's
Speaker 1: more bacteria there, so they don't have to hunt. So
Speaker 1: they're like in a bacteria hotspot and they can afford
Speaker 1: to just eat the bacteria and they don't have to
Speaker 1: worry about hunting. But maybe in areas where bacteria is
Speaker 1: less abundant they have to resort to hunting and cannibalism.
Speaker 1: I don't know what this is true. This is a
Speaker 1: relatively newly discovered species of shrimps, so uh, you know,
Speaker 1: it's just an interesting example of like you have to
Speaker 1: when you see some kind of connection between like um
Speaker 1: a behavior and the environment, you have to figure out,
Speaker 1: like which way is the causality going in terms of
Speaker 1: these like chains where you have like this sort of
Speaker 1: this species that establishes itself in this place that doesn't
Speaker 1: seem like anything could live there, and then from that
Speaker 1: from that organism, like the bacteria that lives near the
Speaker 1: hydrothermal events all sorts of other life that can even
Speaker 1: get bigger and bigger can live there. Uh. You don't
Speaker 1: actually have to travel to the bottom of the ocean
Speaker 1: to see examples of this kind of chain um of
Speaker 1: animals being able to colonize a space. You can go
Speaker 1: to the woods. You could even go somewhere in your
Speaker 1: city if there's anywhere that has like some old brick
Speaker 1: or old stone structures, because you can observe plant succession.
Speaker 1: So a big rock or just like a stone wall
Speaker 1: is not a great place for something like a plant
Speaker 1: or a flower to live in. But lichens are hardier
Speaker 1: and they can actually establish themselves. All they really need
Speaker 1: is sun and water, and not that much water, even
Speaker 1: just a little bit. Lichens, by the way, are really
Speaker 1: incredible and super deeper weird. They're not plants. They're not
Speaker 1: even one species, but a mutualistic relationship between fungi and
Speaker 1: algae or sometimes cyanobacteria. It's a composite organism made up
Speaker 1: of combined species, which is totally wild. I probably need
Speaker 1: to talk about them more, but first I have to
Speaker 1: learn more about them, because they confuse me. Anyways, Once
Speaker 1: the lichen has established itself, it actually breaks down the
Speaker 1: rock with acids, which makes the rock easier for moss
Speaker 1: to establish roots. So then moss can move in and
Speaker 1: mosque is a non vascular plant. If the moss is successful,
Speaker 1: the decom the decomposition of the moss actually allows vascular
Speaker 1: plants to take roots because now they are is nutrients
Speaker 1: for the vascular plants. Vascular plants are plants that transfer
Speaker 1: water and nutrients through their conducting tissues. And that includes
Speaker 1: most of the plants that you know as plants like trees, flowers,
Speaker 1: et cetera. So you have a bare rock, you have
Speaker 1: to start with lichen. If that's successful, then you can
Speaker 1: get moss, and then if that's successful, you can get
Speaker 1: more vascular plants. Uh. And so this can be the
Speaker 1: cycle of an area becoming full of vegetation and it's
Speaker 1: really fascinating. So that's it for the questions. UM. I
Speaker 1: know that I said I would answer the mystery animal
Speaker 1: sound this week, but I do want to save it
Speaker 1: for when I have a guest on, so I will
Speaker 1: answer it next week. Um and in case you want
Speaker 1: to hear it again to try to guess before next week.
Speaker 1: Here's the sound and the hint. They sound like drunks
Speaker 1: on land and alien spaceships in the sea, but they're
Speaker 1: always chill. M hm m m m h m hm. Yeah. Alrighty,
Speaker 1: that'll do it for us today. Um, if you're aching
Speaker 1: for more Katie content, I just actually recorded an episode
Speaker 1: with Alex Schmidt the Secretly Incredibly Fascinating podcast on Eels,
Speaker 1: which is a lot of fun. I love Eels, so
Speaker 1: check that out. And uh, hey, you know what, thank
Speaker 1: you so much for listening. I really enjoy doing these
Speaker 1: listener questions episodes. It gives me a chance to feel
Speaker 1: like I'm kind of directly talking to you, and I
Speaker 1: really love your questions, you guys. I'm thinking about doing
Speaker 1: another one of these pretty soon actually, so please please please,
Speaker 1: if you have questions, send them to me at Creature
Speaker 1: feature pot at gmail dot com and I always try
Speaker 1: to answer them either on the show or I will
Speaker 1: try to email you back. So yes, send me your questions,
Speaker 1: even it's silly. I like silly questions too. And thanks
Speaker 1: so much to the Space Classics for their super awesome
Speaker 1: song Exo Lumina. Creature features a production of I Heart Radio.
Speaker 1: For more podcasts like the one you just heard, visit
Speaker 1: the I Heart radio app Apple podcasts or hey, guess what. However,
Speaker 1: you listen to your favorite shows just you and me,
Speaker 1: like you don't have to. You don't have to, like
Speaker 1: pretend that you do any of you know, any specific
Speaker 1: podcast provider, Like I won't tell on you. I'm not.
Speaker 1: I'm not gonna tattle on you. See you next Wednesday,