1 00:00:00,560 --> 00:00:03,760 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class from how 2 00:00:03,800 --> 00:00:13,720 Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. 3 00:00:13,760 --> 00:00:18,000 Speaker 1: I'm editor Candis Gibson, joined by staff writer Jane McGrath Taylor, Jane. 4 00:00:18,040 --> 00:00:20,880 Speaker 1: When you think about presidential speeches are really any speech 5 00:00:20,920 --> 00:00:25,520 Speaker 1: in general, there's essentially two different types of appeals that 6 00:00:25,560 --> 00:00:27,480 Speaker 1: you can make to the members of an audience. You 7 00:00:27,560 --> 00:00:30,440 Speaker 1: can make a path that's appeals and you're appealing to 8 00:00:30,440 --> 00:00:32,600 Speaker 1: someone's emotions, or you can make an ethos appeal and 9 00:00:32,600 --> 00:00:35,920 Speaker 1: you're appealing to someone's morality and in sense of ethics 10 00:00:36,560 --> 00:00:38,840 Speaker 1: is from my rhetoric class. Yeah, yeah. I I took 11 00:00:38,920 --> 00:00:42,600 Speaker 1: speech writing my senior year of college spring semester, thinking 12 00:00:42,600 --> 00:00:44,279 Speaker 1: it would try to be a snooze and it'd be, 13 00:00:44,320 --> 00:00:46,240 Speaker 1: you know, a way to pass the time until I graduated, 14 00:00:46,240 --> 00:00:47,920 Speaker 1: And it turned out to be a really tough class, 15 00:00:48,120 --> 00:00:52,280 Speaker 1: so it wasn't my favorite. I loved rhetoric, Yeah yeah, 16 00:00:52,360 --> 00:00:55,200 Speaker 1: And obviously I I've learned a lot about speech, judging 17 00:00:55,280 --> 00:01:02,640 Speaker 1: from my lofty annunciation and vocabulary. But the point being, um, 18 00:01:02,680 --> 00:01:05,240 Speaker 1: a couple of different presidents throughout history seems to have 19 00:01:05,280 --> 00:01:09,080 Speaker 1: preferred one method or another depending on the circumstances, and 20 00:01:09,120 --> 00:01:11,880 Speaker 1: there's some pretty memorable ones that speak to each of 21 00:01:11,880 --> 00:01:15,800 Speaker 1: these different types of um delivery. I think about the 22 00:01:15,920 --> 00:01:18,800 Speaker 1: Berlin Wall speech, which we've had a podcast about before, 23 00:01:18,920 --> 00:01:22,399 Speaker 1: when Kennedy said that he was a Berliner, or as 24 00:01:22,400 --> 00:01:25,120 Speaker 1: some people have misinterpreted, he was a deadly donut. That 25 00:01:25,240 --> 00:01:28,320 Speaker 1: definitely made a huge emotional appeal to people of Berlin, say, 26 00:01:28,640 --> 00:01:30,920 Speaker 1: I'm one of you. But when you kind of something 27 00:01:31,000 --> 00:01:35,720 Speaker 1: like ethos and appealing to someone's sense of morality, you 28 00:01:35,800 --> 00:01:39,960 Speaker 1: think about someone like Abraham Lincoln. Definitely Gettysburg address maybe, 29 00:01:40,360 --> 00:01:42,319 Speaker 1: and that one even I think had a bit of 30 00:01:42,319 --> 00:01:44,880 Speaker 1: an emotional residence to it too. But one of the 31 00:01:44,920 --> 00:01:50,600 Speaker 1: most ethical proclamations he made was the Emancipation Proclamation. That's true, 32 00:01:50,640 --> 00:01:54,760 Speaker 1: and it's pretty interesting, uh, in contrast to the Gettysburg Address. 33 00:01:54,800 --> 00:01:58,200 Speaker 1: It was it was very legal, it was a legal 34 00:01:58,240 --> 00:02:02,840 Speaker 1: document and it was a military top actic basically, and uh, 35 00:02:02,840 --> 00:02:04,840 Speaker 1: but like you said, it did appeal to morality at 36 00:02:04,880 --> 00:02:06,720 Speaker 1: the same time, So there is that contrast in it. 37 00:02:07,200 --> 00:02:10,320 Speaker 1: And if you read the Emancipation Proclamation, which we're not 38 00:02:10,400 --> 00:02:11,880 Speaker 1: going to do for you because I think it was 39 00:02:11,919 --> 00:02:14,959 Speaker 1: a very few lines through, it really has a bunch 40 00:02:14,960 --> 00:02:18,239 Speaker 1: of legal lads, and it's seven hundred words long, and 41 00:02:18,720 --> 00:02:22,320 Speaker 1: it actually didn't free any slaves at all, that's right, 42 00:02:22,480 --> 00:02:25,040 Speaker 1: and UH people say that, you know, it was kind 43 00:02:25,040 --> 00:02:27,920 Speaker 1: of unnecessary because there were congressional acts that were already 44 00:02:27,919 --> 00:02:31,280 Speaker 1: in place that that said that they that whatever um 45 00:02:31,560 --> 00:02:36,720 Speaker 1: slaves that the Northern UH troops encounter, they would free 46 00:02:36,800 --> 00:02:40,800 Speaker 1: if they um if they conquered that area. Right, So 47 00:02:40,919 --> 00:02:44,200 Speaker 1: essentially they set up the president that because slaves were property, 48 00:02:44,240 --> 00:02:46,359 Speaker 1: if the Union troops came in and conquered the area, 49 00:02:46,440 --> 00:02:48,880 Speaker 1: then they acquired all the property, the slaves being part 50 00:02:48,880 --> 00:02:51,760 Speaker 1: of that, and they would be free forever. And Lincoln 51 00:02:51,840 --> 00:02:54,600 Speaker 1: said from the beginning to his cabinet and his advisors 52 00:02:54,600 --> 00:02:57,079 Speaker 1: he wasn't going to try to free the slaves because 53 00:02:57,240 --> 00:02:59,120 Speaker 1: you know, the country was in such a state of 54 00:02:59,160 --> 00:03:02,920 Speaker 1: up people already. In His biggest concern was, you know, uh, 55 00:03:03,200 --> 00:03:06,560 Speaker 1: getting the succeeded south the Confederacy to come back to 56 00:03:06,600 --> 00:03:11,200 Speaker 1: the Union. And the cabinet had at least some support 57 00:03:11,320 --> 00:03:14,160 Speaker 1: for the idea of gradual emancipation, that this would be 58 00:03:14,200 --> 00:03:17,560 Speaker 1: something that could be you know, slowly handed out over time, 59 00:03:17,600 --> 00:03:20,480 Speaker 1: which is almost like I have to mention him, of course, 60 00:03:20,720 --> 00:03:23,200 Speaker 1: almost like the idea of Thomas Jefferson had in the 61 00:03:23,320 --> 00:03:26,560 Speaker 1: day about slavery, that eventually the institution would work its 62 00:03:26,600 --> 00:03:30,680 Speaker 1: way out. But Lincoln one day, he was actually on 63 00:03:30,760 --> 00:03:34,720 Speaker 1: the way to the War Secretary's infant's son's funeral, and 64 00:03:34,720 --> 00:03:36,320 Speaker 1: he was writing in a carriage with some of his 65 00:03:36,480 --> 00:03:39,440 Speaker 1: top confidants, and he said, you know what I'm gonna 66 00:03:39,480 --> 00:03:42,560 Speaker 1: do it. I'm going to set the slaves free. But 67 00:03:42,720 --> 00:03:45,880 Speaker 1: he did it in such a shrewd and calculated way 68 00:03:46,400 --> 00:03:49,040 Speaker 1: that it really clashes in my mind that the image 69 00:03:49,080 --> 00:03:51,760 Speaker 1: I've always had of Lincoln, which is this top hat wearing, 70 00:03:51,840 --> 00:03:55,760 Speaker 1: scraggly bearded, sort of droopy eyed, sad somber man. He 71 00:03:56,000 --> 00:03:58,840 Speaker 1: was quite a politician with us, that's true, and it 72 00:03:58,920 --> 00:04:02,000 Speaker 1: sort of was in the face of most people's ideal 73 00:04:02,040 --> 00:04:04,400 Speaker 1: image of of Lincoln in terms of someone who was 74 00:04:04,440 --> 00:04:06,480 Speaker 1: out for the slaves from the beginning. Like like you said, 75 00:04:06,520 --> 00:04:08,800 Speaker 1: coming back to your point, he didn't start this war 76 00:04:08,840 --> 00:04:12,000 Speaker 1: with the intent of ending slavery in the South, and uh, 77 00:04:12,080 --> 00:04:14,600 Speaker 1: he was against slavery, but um, like you said, he 78 00:04:14,600 --> 00:04:17,280 Speaker 1: wanted to preserve the Union first and foremost, and he 79 00:04:17,400 --> 00:04:22,800 Speaker 1: actually uh stumbled into this situation because it was a 80 00:04:22,839 --> 00:04:27,040 Speaker 1: great military tactic to use, and he actually calculated Lee 81 00:04:27,320 --> 00:04:31,159 Speaker 1: used the time of immediately after the Antietam the Battle 82 00:04:31,200 --> 00:04:33,760 Speaker 1: of Antietam, which happened to be the bloodiest war in 83 00:04:33,920 --> 00:04:37,839 Speaker 1: the Civil War, and the bloodies battle, excuse me and um. 84 00:04:37,880 --> 00:04:42,480 Speaker 1: And so after this happened, you know, the country is suffering. Obviously, 85 00:04:42,600 --> 00:04:45,200 Speaker 1: people are wondering what are we fighting about after all, 86 00:04:45,279 --> 00:04:49,120 Speaker 1: you know, and it's it's fairly confusing when what caused 87 00:04:49,120 --> 00:04:51,520 Speaker 1: the war, and it's not exactly slavery that caused in 88 00:04:51,560 --> 00:04:55,520 Speaker 1: the first place. So when Lincoln uh put out the 89 00:04:55,560 --> 00:04:59,880 Speaker 1: Emancipation Proclamation, it really focused everyone's mind on slavery itself. 90 00:05:00,120 --> 00:05:02,000 Speaker 1: It did. It boiled down the cause of the war 91 00:05:02,120 --> 00:05:06,839 Speaker 1: to slavery, and Lincoln was advised by the Secretary of 92 00:05:06,880 --> 00:05:11,040 Speaker 1: State WILLIAMS. Steward not to deliver the proclamation until the 93 00:05:11,160 --> 00:05:13,640 Speaker 1: Union had had a victory, because in his mind, he 94 00:05:13,720 --> 00:05:17,200 Speaker 1: thought it would look like the Union was claiming defeat 95 00:05:17,279 --> 00:05:19,840 Speaker 1: to the world. And it's important to remember that at 96 00:05:19,880 --> 00:05:22,960 Speaker 1: this time the South was still getting support, sort of 97 00:05:23,200 --> 00:05:27,760 Speaker 1: surreptitious support, albeit from France and England. So the Union 98 00:05:27,800 --> 00:05:29,560 Speaker 1: wanted to make sure that Europe and the rest of 99 00:05:29,600 --> 00:05:31,640 Speaker 1: the world knew it was still strong and it's right, 100 00:05:31,680 --> 00:05:33,960 Speaker 1: and I stumbled across that and it made me think, like, 101 00:05:34,120 --> 00:05:36,760 Speaker 1: why would these international powers support the South in the 102 00:05:36,760 --> 00:05:39,160 Speaker 1: first place. And it's interesting because it was a lot 103 00:05:39,160 --> 00:05:42,960 Speaker 1: about trade because obviously the South controlled the cotton and yeah, 104 00:05:43,000 --> 00:05:45,960 Speaker 1: and actually it wasn't a two distant memory that you know, 105 00:05:46,080 --> 00:05:48,320 Speaker 1: the Second War of Independence, the War of eighteen twelve, 106 00:05:48,320 --> 00:05:50,679 Speaker 1: it happened, and so they were still kind of hostile 107 00:05:50,680 --> 00:05:53,640 Speaker 1: towards the United States at that time. And also, um 108 00:05:53,680 --> 00:05:56,400 Speaker 1: there was there were questions and hostilities about the Canadian 109 00:05:56,440 --> 00:06:00,159 Speaker 1: border even more recently than that. So England was very 110 00:06:00,240 --> 00:06:03,279 Speaker 1: quickly jump on board to the South. But when when 111 00:06:03,360 --> 00:06:06,600 Speaker 1: the war became about slavery, they couldn't do that anymore, right, 112 00:06:06,680 --> 00:06:10,240 Speaker 1: because they had decried slavery in their own country several 113 00:06:10,279 --> 00:06:12,839 Speaker 1: several years ago, and so they couldn't possibly be on 114 00:06:12,920 --> 00:06:15,680 Speaker 1: board with a country. It's important to remember at this 115 00:06:15,720 --> 00:06:19,720 Speaker 1: time that the Confederacy was its own country essentially, at 116 00:06:19,760 --> 00:06:22,760 Speaker 1: least they consider themselves that. And we should note that 117 00:06:22,839 --> 00:06:26,680 Speaker 1: before the Emancipation Proclamation was delivered on January one, eight 118 00:06:26,839 --> 00:06:30,520 Speaker 1: sixty three, that's when it was laid down into law. Supposedly, 119 00:06:30,720 --> 00:06:33,280 Speaker 1: there was a preliminary one that came out on September 120 00:06:34,160 --> 00:06:39,040 Speaker 1: eighteen sixty two, and in this version, Lincoln was trying 121 00:06:39,080 --> 00:06:42,040 Speaker 1: to give the Confederacy a chance to rejoin the Union 122 00:06:42,520 --> 00:06:45,680 Speaker 1: and as a gift with purchase, I guess they could 123 00:06:45,760 --> 00:06:47,400 Speaker 1: keep their slaves as long as they came back to 124 00:06:47,400 --> 00:06:50,200 Speaker 1: the Union. He would work that out later on, but 125 00:06:50,920 --> 00:06:53,440 Speaker 1: none of the Confederate states hopped on board. There were 126 00:06:53,440 --> 00:06:56,240 Speaker 1: a couple of individual landowners who wanted to sign these 127 00:06:56,240 --> 00:07:00,240 Speaker 1: sort of one on one loyalty packs, but Lincoln he 128 00:07:00,320 --> 00:07:02,640 Speaker 1: wasn't buying that. Yeah, it's interesting. This document goes down 129 00:07:02,640 --> 00:07:04,240 Speaker 1: in history is like, oh, it freed the slaves and 130 00:07:04,320 --> 00:07:06,320 Speaker 1: free the slaves at the same time, Like, man, what 131 00:07:06,440 --> 00:07:08,400 Speaker 1: was Lincoln doing here? He was he was giving the 132 00:07:08,440 --> 00:07:10,960 Speaker 1: South and out. He was like, you can keep your slaves. 133 00:07:11,000 --> 00:07:12,840 Speaker 1: That's what the document was saying. You can keep them, 134 00:07:13,200 --> 00:07:15,960 Speaker 1: and it'll be fine if you rejoin now, if you 135 00:07:16,240 --> 00:07:18,680 Speaker 1: lay down your arms. And the reason there was such 136 00:07:18,720 --> 00:07:21,120 Speaker 1: opposition to this, at least in the cabinet, was that 137 00:07:21,320 --> 00:07:24,680 Speaker 1: they feared there'd be a total massacre and utter pandemonium 138 00:07:24,680 --> 00:07:26,920 Speaker 1: in the South if the slaves were freed. I guess 139 00:07:26,920 --> 00:07:28,680 Speaker 1: they thought that they would, you know, wipe out the 140 00:07:28,720 --> 00:07:31,440 Speaker 1: plantation owners and then they would storm up north and 141 00:07:31,440 --> 00:07:34,040 Speaker 1: take all the Northerners jobs. And racism was just as 142 00:07:34,040 --> 00:07:35,960 Speaker 1: prevalent in the North as it was in the South, 143 00:07:36,040 --> 00:07:38,360 Speaker 1: and there were some who even postulated that the war 144 00:07:38,440 --> 00:07:41,400 Speaker 1: was a conspiracy and all the northern soldiers were being killed, 145 00:07:41,680 --> 00:07:43,360 Speaker 1: said that the freed slaves to come up to the 146 00:07:43,360 --> 00:07:46,200 Speaker 1: north and take their jobs, and that's helped to spur 147 00:07:46,320 --> 00:07:50,240 Speaker 1: their draft rights at the time, right exactly. But you 148 00:07:50,280 --> 00:07:53,640 Speaker 1: know that the irony behind this was that even if 149 00:07:53,800 --> 00:07:57,920 Speaker 1: the Emancipation Proclamation had freed all the slaves and it 150 00:07:58,120 --> 00:08:00,480 Speaker 1: had accomplished that goal, you have to think about the 151 00:08:00,480 --> 00:08:03,120 Speaker 1: way that information was disseminated at this time. It's not 152 00:08:03,200 --> 00:08:05,640 Speaker 1: like we had SENNA, and it's not like we had NPR. 153 00:08:06,040 --> 00:08:07,800 Speaker 1: It took a while for the news to get out, 154 00:08:08,000 --> 00:08:11,240 Speaker 1: and in some cases at some plantations, in places like 155 00:08:11,280 --> 00:08:14,160 Speaker 1: the floor keys or even in Texas, the slaves didn't 156 00:08:14,160 --> 00:08:17,280 Speaker 1: hear the news until well after Lincoln's assassination, that's right, 157 00:08:17,280 --> 00:08:19,560 Speaker 1: and that's where we get the idea of June teenth. Uh. 158 00:08:20,000 --> 00:08:22,360 Speaker 1: It was a date where June nineteenth, I should say 159 00:08:22,640 --> 00:08:26,040 Speaker 1: nineteen sixty five was the date that slaves in Texas 160 00:08:26,080 --> 00:08:29,520 Speaker 1: actually first short of emancipation proclamation, and so that's when 161 00:08:29,560 --> 00:08:34,000 Speaker 1: Texas actually celebrates that date. And when you look at 162 00:08:34,360 --> 00:08:37,000 Speaker 1: the order in which the slave I'm sorry, the states 163 00:08:37,320 --> 00:08:39,320 Speaker 1: let go of the institution of slavery, you'll see them. 164 00:08:39,360 --> 00:08:42,600 Speaker 1: The border states really were some of the last two, uh, 165 00:08:42,720 --> 00:08:44,880 Speaker 1: losing their grip on the institution, that's right. And they 166 00:08:44,880 --> 00:08:46,720 Speaker 1: were left out of the proclamation, right, it didn't apply 167 00:08:46,760 --> 00:08:49,120 Speaker 1: to them at all, right, And that was another political move. 168 00:08:49,240 --> 00:08:53,000 Speaker 1: Lincoln knew that his hold on Congress was pretty tenuous, 169 00:08:53,040 --> 00:08:56,160 Speaker 1: and he feared that he would polarize the Republican Party 170 00:08:56,240 --> 00:08:59,720 Speaker 1: and and lose all the Republicans support if he continued 171 00:08:59,760 --> 00:09:04,600 Speaker 1: to put this idea of emancipating the slaves. And really, 172 00:09:04,640 --> 00:09:10,079 Speaker 1: if if you listen to the detractors behind the emancipation proclamations, 173 00:09:10,120 --> 00:09:14,000 Speaker 1: criticism it was illegal. He was acting far out of 174 00:09:14,000 --> 00:09:16,760 Speaker 1: his jurisdiction if you uphold the fact that the Confederacy 175 00:09:16,840 --> 00:09:19,480 Speaker 1: was its own country at this time. And in our 176 00:09:19,600 --> 00:09:22,559 Speaker 1: article about the immense patient proclamation on how stuff works, 177 00:09:22,559 --> 00:09:25,079 Speaker 1: the author uses this really great analogy she said it 178 00:09:25,120 --> 00:09:27,480 Speaker 1: would be like the United States saying to France, you 179 00:09:27,520 --> 00:09:30,520 Speaker 1: have to outlaw smoking. We don't really have the authority 180 00:09:30,520 --> 00:09:33,960 Speaker 1: to say that to another country. And so Democrats and 181 00:09:34,000 --> 00:09:36,920 Speaker 1: Republicans who were really trying to follow the Constitution to 182 00:09:36,960 --> 00:09:39,240 Speaker 1: the letter, told Lincoln you can't do this, that's right, 183 00:09:39,280 --> 00:09:42,640 Speaker 1: And Lincoln actually violated the Constitution. Some say, uh in 184 00:09:42,679 --> 00:09:46,840 Speaker 1: many different ways. He withold habeas corpus and and stuff 185 00:09:46,920 --> 00:09:49,840 Speaker 1: like this, but he sort of um hid behind the 186 00:09:49,880 --> 00:09:52,959 Speaker 1: idea that these were military tactics, and uh, you know, 187 00:09:53,160 --> 00:09:55,480 Speaker 1: to this day like and as a hero um to 188 00:09:55,559 --> 00:09:58,400 Speaker 1: most people in this country, and they defend him in 189 00:09:58,440 --> 00:10:01,040 Speaker 1: these acts because they were military time optics. But back then, 190 00:10:01,120 --> 00:10:03,520 Speaker 1: I don't think he's satisfied a lot of people for 191 00:10:03,679 --> 00:10:08,199 Speaker 1: the proclamation. The abolitionists wanted complete freedom of all slaves, 192 00:10:08,559 --> 00:10:11,000 Speaker 1: and then the plantation owners, of course wanted to keep 193 00:10:11,000 --> 00:10:14,840 Speaker 1: holding on to their their workers. So he didn't why either, 194 00:10:15,000 --> 00:10:16,920 Speaker 1: he didn't satisfy anyone. It's like he was trying to 195 00:10:16,920 --> 00:10:19,280 Speaker 1: walk such a straight line that both sides just completely 196 00:10:19,360 --> 00:10:21,240 Speaker 1: scoffed to him. And then of course, you know, like 197 00:10:21,240 --> 00:10:23,680 Speaker 1: we already mentioned, they were the conspiracies from the Northerners 198 00:10:23,679 --> 00:10:25,800 Speaker 1: that thought all the slaves were just being sent up 199 00:10:25,800 --> 00:10:28,520 Speaker 1: north to take over their lives. Right. But one aspect 200 00:10:28,559 --> 00:10:30,760 Speaker 1: of this that was really brilliant, and it actually had 201 00:10:30,760 --> 00:10:35,239 Speaker 1: a great immediate effect, was the fact that um, black soldiers, 202 00:10:35,280 --> 00:10:39,680 Speaker 1: freed slaves would uh would join the north and become soldiers. 203 00:10:39,720 --> 00:10:41,480 Speaker 1: And there was about a hundred and eighty thousand I 204 00:10:41,520 --> 00:10:44,240 Speaker 1: believe that joined after the proclamation was declared, and the 205 00:10:44,280 --> 00:10:48,440 Speaker 1: proclamation made it explicitly clear that freed slaves, or I 206 00:10:48,440 --> 00:10:51,720 Speaker 1: guess all blacks in general, could join the armed forces. 207 00:10:51,760 --> 00:10:54,199 Speaker 1: And I think that people were suspicious of their efforts 208 00:10:54,200 --> 00:10:57,199 Speaker 1: at first, but they really proved themselves. I mean, obviously 209 00:10:57,240 --> 00:11:00,520 Speaker 1: this was a cause that they were perhaps the cloist too. 210 00:11:01,240 --> 00:11:04,880 Speaker 1: So um, we know also when we look at the 211 00:11:04,880 --> 00:11:08,600 Speaker 1: Emancipatient Proclamation that it's, like we said, it's a bunch 212 00:11:08,679 --> 00:11:11,520 Speaker 1: of legal lease. But one of the boldest things about it, 213 00:11:11,559 --> 00:11:13,360 Speaker 1: if you really get down to the language, is that 214 00:11:13,400 --> 00:11:16,120 Speaker 1: it's written in present tense, and some of the drafts 215 00:11:16,120 --> 00:11:18,360 Speaker 1: that Lincoln had made of the proclamation were written in 216 00:11:18,440 --> 00:11:22,080 Speaker 1: future tense. But he reasoned, no, I want this to 217 00:11:22,160 --> 00:11:25,200 Speaker 1: be immediate. I wanted to be prescient, and I want 218 00:11:25,200 --> 00:11:27,880 Speaker 1: people to really stand up and pay attention. And if 219 00:11:27,880 --> 00:11:30,360 Speaker 1: you think about it, that really would have grabbed people's attention, 220 00:11:30,840 --> 00:11:33,560 Speaker 1: you know, hearing slavery spoken of as an institution of 221 00:11:33,600 --> 00:11:36,640 Speaker 1: the past, it's not the future. That's kind of nebulous. 222 00:11:36,679 --> 00:11:39,920 Speaker 1: It may never happen, right, right, But perhaps the biggest 223 00:11:40,000 --> 00:11:42,959 Speaker 1: ripple effect from the Emancipatient Proclamation was that it dealt 224 00:11:42,960 --> 00:11:46,800 Speaker 1: a severe blow to the Southern psyche because for the 225 00:11:46,840 --> 00:11:50,880 Speaker 1: first time, poor white people in the South started to 226 00:11:50,920 --> 00:11:54,800 Speaker 1: realize that their family members and their sons and themselves 227 00:11:55,160 --> 00:12:00,200 Speaker 1: were dying so that wealthy white landowners could continue to build. 228 00:12:00,640 --> 00:12:02,960 Speaker 1: And they if they didn't hold slaves, they don't have 229 00:12:02,960 --> 00:12:05,520 Speaker 1: a stake in this. They might be anti slavery even 230 00:12:05,640 --> 00:12:07,720 Speaker 1: or you know, get behind the cell for other reasons 231 00:12:07,720 --> 00:12:10,160 Speaker 1: and the like the rights of the States reasons, but 232 00:12:10,200 --> 00:12:12,960 Speaker 1: now after them based in proclamation, it's all about slavery. 233 00:12:13,320 --> 00:12:15,440 Speaker 1: It really is. It really is, like we said, an 234 00:12:15,480 --> 00:12:18,800 Speaker 1: incredibly shrewd move. So it took a while for these 235 00:12:18,840 --> 00:12:21,840 Speaker 1: effects to take hold in the United States, and then 236 00:12:21,880 --> 00:12:24,280 Speaker 1: after the Civil War was over, we know that things 237 00:12:24,360 --> 00:12:26,880 Speaker 1: didn't exactly work out smoothly from there. On out. When 238 00:12:26,960 --> 00:12:30,640 Speaker 1: Andrew Johnson came into office after lincoln'ssassination, he was sharply 239 00:12:30,679 --> 00:12:33,440 Speaker 1: criticized for being too lenient on the Confederate's day because 240 00:12:33,440 --> 00:12:35,679 Speaker 1: he was just trying to you know, piece the Union 241 00:12:35,720 --> 00:12:39,600 Speaker 1: back together as Lincoln would have wanted, and again harsh 242 00:12:39,600 --> 00:12:42,680 Speaker 1: criticism from his detractors. And if we look at what 243 00:12:42,760 --> 00:12:45,680 Speaker 1: happened to the slaves after they were freed, we see 244 00:12:45,720 --> 00:12:49,800 Speaker 1: it's still not a pretty story at all constitutionally speaking either. Yeah, 245 00:12:49,800 --> 00:12:52,120 Speaker 1: that's right. They were contraband camps, I believe, I mean, 246 00:12:52,160 --> 00:12:54,200 Speaker 1: these were these were camps that were meant to to 247 00:12:54,360 --> 00:13:00,800 Speaker 1: protect the slaves uh near um northern forts, but at 248 00:13:00,800 --> 00:13:04,160 Speaker 1: the time, like it ended up being not the greatest 249 00:13:04,160 --> 00:13:06,319 Speaker 1: place to live, you know, these contraband camps, and it 250 00:13:06,920 --> 00:13:09,160 Speaker 1: ended up giving them not a very good living at 251 00:13:09,200 --> 00:13:11,520 Speaker 1: all at all. And when we look at the laws 252 00:13:11,559 --> 00:13:14,400 Speaker 1: that were passed in order to protect the newly freed slaves, 253 00:13:14,400 --> 00:13:17,440 Speaker 1: we have the thirteenth Amendment, which officially abolished slavery, but 254 00:13:17,520 --> 00:13:21,560 Speaker 1: it didn't give them citizenship. Then the fourteenth it prevented 255 00:13:21,600 --> 00:13:24,480 Speaker 1: states from holding out on slaves rights without due process, 256 00:13:24,800 --> 00:13:28,080 Speaker 1: and then the fifteenth gave all the free slaves voting rights, 257 00:13:28,120 --> 00:13:29,760 Speaker 1: and we know about the gym crow laws that we 258 00:13:30,000 --> 00:13:34,760 Speaker 1: followed and stut and the absurd tests that blacks would 259 00:13:34,800 --> 00:13:38,719 Speaker 1: be made to undergo at voting and polling stations. And 260 00:13:38,720 --> 00:13:43,280 Speaker 1: so they weren't completely assimilated into the American mainstream until 261 00:13:43,280 --> 00:13:45,480 Speaker 1: well after the civil rights movements. It was a long, 262 00:13:45,520 --> 00:13:50,800 Speaker 1: painful process, but at least the proclamation started. Yeah, and 263 00:13:50,800 --> 00:13:54,880 Speaker 1: we may have vested your view of the Emancipation Proclamation 264 00:13:54,920 --> 00:13:57,040 Speaker 1: and maybe of Lincoln. Maybe now when you think of him, 265 00:13:57,040 --> 00:14:01,600 Speaker 1: you won't think of him as the sad dide wartime president, 266 00:14:01,640 --> 00:14:03,640 Speaker 1: but you'll think of him as a very shrewd political 267 00:14:04,240 --> 00:14:06,640 Speaker 1: I know that my opinion has been changed to him. 268 00:14:06,640 --> 00:14:08,600 Speaker 1: And you can read even more about Lincoln and the 269 00:14:08,720 --> 00:14:10,960 Speaker 1: Civil War and the families that were torn apart by 270 00:14:11,000 --> 00:14:15,600 Speaker 1: the battle on how stuff works dot com for more 271 00:14:15,640 --> 00:14:18,280 Speaker 1: on this and thousands of other topics. Isn't how stuff 272 00:14:18,280 --> 00:14:21,560 Speaker 1: works dot com. Let us know what you think. 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