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Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera.

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Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you get in touch with technology with

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Speaker 1: tech Stuff from how stuff works dot com. Hello again,

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Speaker 1: and welcome to tech stuff. My name is Chris Poulette

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Speaker 1: and I'm an editor at how stuff works dot com.

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Speaker 1: Sitting across from me, as always, his senior writer, Jonathan Strickland, Hey,

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Speaker 1: there to to um So that was that was a hint.

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Speaker 1: Actually it would be more like rutten coward. We're talking

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Speaker 1: today about asteroids. We did an episode about, you know,

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Speaker 1: figuring out how to deflect an asteroid if it were

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Speaker 1: coming towards the Earth in a in a threatening manner.

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Speaker 1: Like it said, it's a nice play. You got here,

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Speaker 1: be a shame of someone I don't know flattened it,

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Speaker 1: um So, apart from dealing with asteroids trying to extort

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Speaker 1: your planet for for various resources, we wanted to talk

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Speaker 1: about extorting asteroids for resources. I'm a little frightened right now.

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Speaker 1: I'm a little goofy right now. Bonus points if you

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Speaker 1: get the reference to the video game in which you

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Speaker 1: do mind asteroids. Yes, so we're talking about asteroid mining

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Speaker 1: and why would we do it? What how would we

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Speaker 1: do it, and what's going on with that whole idea. Anyway, now,

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Speaker 1: before we get started, I should mention we do on

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Speaker 1: how stuff words dot com have an article about how

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Speaker 1: asteroid mining will work. The will there is important because

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Speaker 1: as of this moment, we are not mining asteroids. We

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Speaker 1: have um ideas about how we would do this, and

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Speaker 1: there is in fact a company that exists right now

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Speaker 1: that plans on mining asteroids, but that even that plan

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Speaker 1: is about a decade out from fruition, assuming everything goes well. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: just just for the record, I want to say that

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Speaker 1: I'm I'm coming up with my own company to pan

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Speaker 1: for asteroids. Yeah, I'm not certain exactly how we'll do it,

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Speaker 1: but I'm gonna make an effort. I claim that there

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Speaker 1: are a lot of them on the ground of the

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Speaker 1: Georgia Renaissance Festival, which is you know, most people would

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Speaker 1: just call it gravel, but I maintain it's actually asteroids,

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Speaker 1: and that um they are they're they're intruding upon my property.

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Speaker 1: Claim them because well, we'll get into the complications of

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Speaker 1: the legal system and mining for asteroids, and a little

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Speaker 1: bit because well we're treading new ground in space. Well,

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Speaker 1: that's that's true. Actually, some of the people involved with

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Speaker 1: this company are are very interested in space anyway. I

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Speaker 1: mean they have been sort of citizens supporters of the

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Speaker 1: space effort, you might say, people like Larry Page and

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Speaker 1: Eric Schmidt yes, Googlers yes yes. And James Cameron yes,

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Speaker 1: who has m has made a movie or two involving

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Speaker 1: space exploration, um documentaries, I should say, right, he's done

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Speaker 1: some documentaries about ocean stuff as well as space stuff. Yes,

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Speaker 1: game over man. So, uh so we're gonna talk a

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Speaker 1: bit about let's talk a bit about in general about

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Speaker 1: mining asteroids and why you would want to Well, here's why.

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Speaker 1: If we ever want to get to a point where

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Speaker 1: we're getting off this rock to move to some other rock,

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Speaker 1: one of the big problems that faces us is where

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Speaker 1: do we get our raw materials in order to make

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Speaker 1: the kind of infrastructure we will require in order to say,

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Speaker 1: survive somewhere else. It's not like you can go and

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Speaker 1: take it all with you, not easily anyway, because well

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Speaker 1: and right now there really is no way because the

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Speaker 1: last cargo carrying uh ships that we use, the Space Shuttle,

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Speaker 1: are retired. So now we have to build specific vehicles

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Speaker 1: to launch stuff out there into space because the vehicles

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Speaker 1: we would have used are no longer in service. But um,

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Speaker 1: and there's no at least in the United States, there's

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Speaker 1: no plan to replace them anytime soon. So not by

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Speaker 1: the government privately could be a different issue. In fact,

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Speaker 1: privately is really where all this is is falling upon.

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Speaker 1: But if we were to try and create a colony,

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Speaker 1: say upon the Moon's surface or on Mars, we would

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Speaker 1: need to be able to get materials to that place

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Speaker 1: in order to create the right environment for to sustain life.

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Speaker 1: Because I don't know if you realize this, but they

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Speaker 1: are both rather hostile environments when it comes to human survivability.

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Speaker 1: Not Yeah, if you've if you've seen the documentary Total Recall,

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Speaker 1: you know that if you were to take your mask

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Speaker 1: off in Mars, your eyes would pop out of your

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Speaker 1: head and uh, you would turn in Donald Schwarzenegger. Um

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Speaker 1: little and in fact okay, for in reality, we could

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Speaker 1: not survive in either place without life support systems. Right,

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Speaker 1: how do we get the stuff we need to the plants,

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Speaker 1: including things like water and oxygen? That's part of it. Actually,

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Speaker 1: we would we would likely ship stuff in various kinds

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Speaker 1: of of of vessels, but when you absolutely positively need

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Speaker 1: it there in three months, it would be so much

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Speaker 1: better if we could get that material either from wherever

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Speaker 1: it is we land or nearby asteroids. And as it

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Speaker 1: turns out, a lot of asteroids have materials in them

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Speaker 1: that would be very useful in either life support features

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Speaker 1: or in building out an infrastructure itself. And uh. In fact,

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Speaker 1: in our article we talk about three basic categories of asteroids.

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Speaker 1: All right, there's the C type asteroid, which is the

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Speaker 1: vast majority of the types that we would find in

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Speaker 1: our Solar system. And by the way, we mainly think

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Speaker 1: that asteroids are sort of remnants of the formation of

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Speaker 1: the Solar system. Yeah, so in some cases leftovers. Sometimes

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Speaker 1: it's from perhaps a collision, an interstellar collision, but mostly

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Speaker 1: it's just leftovers from the Solar system itself forming. So

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Speaker 1: it's sort of like you know when you take apart

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Speaker 1: piece of electronic equipment or car's engine and you reassemble it.

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Speaker 1: And then there's the there's pieces. I think of it

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Speaker 1: as any time I buy anything from Ikea, and I think, oh,

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Speaker 1: there's some pieces here that should have been used in

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Speaker 1: the formation of this cabinet, and yet here they are

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Speaker 1: in my hand, and I don't see any place to

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Speaker 1: put them in Three years later, all my dishes break.

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Speaker 1: The two are the two I maintain are not connected.

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Speaker 1: No one tell my wife anyway. So the yeah, the asteroids.

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Speaker 1: You would expect to find many of the same elements

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Speaker 1: within asteroids as you would find within the various planets

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Speaker 1: and other bodies in our Solar System, and as it

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Speaker 1: turns out, that is exactly the case. So in the

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Speaker 1: C type of asteroid, which comprises about of the asteroids

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Speaker 1: in our Solar system, they have uh a lot of

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Speaker 1: the same elements that you would find in our in

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Speaker 1: the Sun, apart from hydrogen and helium and other volatile elements,

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Speaker 1: because they would have boiled off into space, which is

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Speaker 1: really too bad because helium mining for helium would be

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Speaker 1: great because, as it turns out, we're running out on Earth,

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Speaker 1: and you know, the main culprit of why we're running

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Speaker 1: out of helium on Earth, that's right, it's crazy to

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Speaker 1: think about, but those party balloons that we enjoy oh

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Speaker 1: so very much, are actually a problem in scientific research

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Speaker 1: because helium is very useful for doing things like using

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Speaker 1: it as a cooling agent. You know, the large hadron

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Speaker 1: collider uses liquid helium to get the super conductors as

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Speaker 1: cold as possible to reduce electrical resistance. But meanwhile, little

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Speaker 1: Timmy who's speaking long the has been brittied than in

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Speaker 1: a balloon all day long. Has just set scientific research

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Speaker 1: back four decades. Thanks Timmy, happy freaking birthday. You can

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Speaker 1: switch to hydrogen. I can't see a problem with that.

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Speaker 1: And look, of course the balloons get too near the

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Speaker 1: birthday can right, So yeah, so hydrogen combustible, don't put

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Speaker 1: it near the birthday candles unless you know you don't

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Speaker 1: like Timmy anyway. Moving on, so let's see type of asteroid.

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Speaker 1: Then we've also got the S type of asteroid. This

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Speaker 1: is about se of the asteroids we would find in

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Speaker 1: our Solar system, and they contain magnesium, nickel, and iron.

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Speaker 1: These are very useful elements. Uh. The M type asteroid

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Speaker 1: not an M type planet, as we learned in Star Trek,

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Speaker 1: which by the way, no scientific basis there. They just

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Speaker 1: decided to call it M type planet to mean any

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Speaker 1: sort of earth like planet that human being could survive upon.

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Speaker 1: No M is for my planet. So the M type

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Speaker 1: asteroids have UH, nickel and iron, and so once we

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Speaker 1: see these asteroids out there, and we you know, most

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Speaker 1: of them exist between Mars and Jubiter and a belt

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Speaker 1: and asteroid belt. You may remember famous explorations of asteroid belts,

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Speaker 1: like in the documentary UH, Empires Strikes Back, which was

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Speaker 1: had a very expirited exploration of an asteroid belt. What, yes,

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Speaker 1: they have giant animals on them? They do not? That

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Speaker 1: is that's me being silly again. But no, the asteroid

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Speaker 1: belt between Mars and Jubiter, that's where the majority of

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Speaker 1: the asteroids in our Solar system reside. But sometimes they

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Speaker 1: break free from that belt and they float around in space.

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Speaker 1: Occasionally they come near the Earth. Near being a relative term.

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Speaker 1: We're talking in thousands and thousands and thousands of miles,

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Speaker 1: but that's still relatively close when you think space is enormous.

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Speaker 1: So uh, we would probably be targeting the asteroids that

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Speaker 1: break free first because may be the easiest to get to.

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Speaker 1: Getting to the asteroids beyond Mars would take so much

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Speaker 1: time that perhaps by the and they would get back

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Speaker 1: with whatever resources you were trying to mind, you might

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Speaker 1: not have anything to build anymore. So, uh, the asteroids

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Speaker 1: that break free, we can actually determine what type of asteroid.

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Speaker 1: They are based upon the way they reflect light. And

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Speaker 1: that's because different materials reflect light in different ways, and

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Speaker 1: you will get a different spectrum if you were to,

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Speaker 1: uh to measure that light, and based upon the the

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Speaker 1: composition of the light that you are looking at. Based

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Speaker 1: upon that, you can determine what kind of elements are

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Speaker 1: in that asteroid, and you could figure out, oh, well,

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Speaker 1: this is a perfect candidate for us to go and mind.

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Speaker 1: And there are other elements that could also be on

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Speaker 1: on an asteroid, including oxygen, uh, platinum, gold, both of

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Speaker 1: both gold and platinum are very useful in electronics, and uh,

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Speaker 1: perhaps even water, so you might be able to find

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Speaker 1: frozen water on an asteroid, which could be obviously very

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Speaker 1: important to human survival. So if you find a few

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Speaker 1: asteroids with frozen water on it and you mind them,

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Speaker 1: you get the water off of that, you bring it

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Speaker 1: to whatever space colony you have, then you can have

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Speaker 1: not just water, but also oxygen. And I understand too

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Speaker 1: that it's possible that rare earth metals might be on

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Speaker 1: some of these asters and gold and platinum kind of

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Speaker 1: fall into that category, but but others as well, others,

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Speaker 1: and and these are very important like I said, in electronics.

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Speaker 1: You know, platinum, as it turns out, is very useful

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Speaker 1: in electronics, but is also very rare on Earth. So again,

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Speaker 1: one of those things where we would be able to

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Speaker 1: to exploit a an asteroid without having to do the

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Speaker 1: same thing on the surface of the planet. You know,

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Speaker 1: clearly mining on Earth can be a very disruptive process.

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Speaker 1: It can be ecologically disastrous depending on how you're mining

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Speaker 1: and what it is you're mining. Um, So if we

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Speaker 1: were able to offload that literally lee to an asteroid,

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Speaker 1: then that would be beneficial, not just from a resources standpoint,

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Speaker 1: but an ecological standpoint, because I mean, really, who cares

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Speaker 1: if your asteroid is falling apart, right, I mean there's

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Speaker 1: there's no one there. Um. So using telescopes we look

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Speaker 1: at these asteroids, we determine what is what those asteroids

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Speaker 1: are made of based on the light that's coming back,

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Speaker 1: and then that would allow us to say which ones

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Speaker 1: are good candidates for mining. Now, how would we actually

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Speaker 1: mind the asteroids? Okay, Um, that's a good question, I'll admit. Uh.

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Speaker 1: Turns out, um, no one has the answer right now

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Speaker 1: because because we're just not there yet. Even the company

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Speaker 1: that we were talking about, which is called planetary resources.

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Speaker 1: Planetary resources, they come out and admit, like, um, we

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Speaker 1: don't know how we're going to mind these asteroids because

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Speaker 1: that's a decade out at best. What we're gonna do

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Speaker 1: is we're gonna build the machines that can identify asteroids,

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Speaker 1: detect asteroids, travel to asteroids, and by the time we

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Speaker 1: get to that point, hopefully we figured out what the

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Speaker 1: best way of mining these asteroids would be. Now, from

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Speaker 1: what I've understood so far in my study of this

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Speaker 1: comprehensive study of asteroid mining, Uh, they're hoping that they

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Speaker 1: can do a lot of work with robots, which makes

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Speaker 1: perfect sense. You want to have and you want to

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Speaker 1: have these robotic devices to mine and asteroid because, uh,

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Speaker 1: mining mining on its own is dangerous, right, and then

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Speaker 1: you add in the dangers of space travel, which are

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Speaker 1: numerous and certainly deadly. You do not want to put

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Speaker 1: human lives at risk if you don't have to. So

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Speaker 1: a robotic force makes a lot of sense. I mean it.

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Speaker 1: It certainly takes away from great documentaries like Armageddon, where

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Speaker 1: you know, because I doubt that the robots would all

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Speaker 1: get together and sing leaving on a jet plane but

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Speaker 1: on the other hand, it means that those lives would

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Speaker 1: be relatively safe. Yeah, you think about this and and

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Speaker 1: in the way that you might actually tackle the problem yourself,

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Speaker 1: and you realize that there are several significant challenges. Let's

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Speaker 1: say money is no object. Even getting there challenge is

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Speaker 1: a challenge. Landing on the asteroids safely is going to

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Speaker 1: be a challenge. Mining the asteroids resources another challenge, and

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Speaker 1: then getting back right loading them into your vehicle, which

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Speaker 1: would have to be designed so that not only could

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Speaker 1: it travel to the asteroid, but it could bring a

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Speaker 1: payload back from the asteroid to Earth. Now, granted, when

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Speaker 1: you're not dealing with gravity out in space, that is

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Speaker 1: a little easier to do in the sense that you

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Speaker 1: don't have to worry about escaping gravity in order to uh,

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Speaker 1: you know, the payload is not gonna affect you in

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Speaker 1: that sense. But there are other issues as well, like

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Speaker 1: how will the mining activity change the behavior of the asteroid? So,

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Speaker 1: if the asteroid, for example, is an orbit of round Earth,

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Speaker 1: if you start mining the asteroid, is that going to

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Speaker 1: alter the orbit of the asteroid? Is it going to

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Speaker 1: possibly either push it to a point where it's going

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Speaker 1: away from Earth? Which means that you're going to have

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Speaker 1: to take the end to consideration. When you're flying back,

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Speaker 1: you're gonna have to make sure you have enough fuel

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Speaker 1: to make it back to Earth um or that you

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Speaker 1: know you've got enough whatever you need, you know, enough

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Speaker 1: power there to get back, or if it brings it

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Speaker 1: closer to Earth, then you have the consideration of could

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Speaker 1: this potentially create an impact arc where the asteroid could

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Speaker 1: hit Earth? And in some cases, you know, maybe the

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Speaker 1: asteroids of a size that it wouldn't necessarily hold together

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Speaker 1: and perhaps it wouldn't be as big an impact. But

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Speaker 1: anytime you're talking about impact at that speed, I mean

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Speaker 1: forces mass times acceleration, right, so even if your mass

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Speaker 1: isn't very big, if your acceleration is really high, that's

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Speaker 1: that's a lot of force. So even a relatively small asteroid,

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Speaker 1: if it's not going to burn up, would be pretty

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Speaker 1: the disastrous thing if it hit the Earth, especially depending

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Speaker 1: on where I mean, even in the ocean. Then you're

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Speaker 1: talking about tsunamis things like that. So yeah, there there's

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Speaker 1: that element as well. And when you're mining it, how

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Speaker 1: do you collect what you're mining? That's that's an interesting

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Speaker 1: problem too, because if you're if you're talking about an

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Speaker 1: area where there's no gravity, and let's say you're breaking

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Speaker 1: apart the surface of the asteroid in order to get

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Speaker 1: at some resources underneath, then you have to have some

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Speaker 1: way of catching that stuff as it's floating away. So

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Speaker 1: there's talk about perhaps there'd be some sort of canopy

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Speaker 1: system so that you would have essentially like a net

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Speaker 1: that would catch stuff as it flew off the asteroid,

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Speaker 1: so that you didn't lose the resources you're trying to mind, uh,

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Speaker 1: Frankie Avalon. And then there's also the case of you know,

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Speaker 1: what is the specific method of mining? Are you using

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Speaker 1: lasers to try and weaken and break apart material, are

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Speaker 1: you using other forms of heat? Are you using chemicals? Um?

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Speaker 1: Are you using physical force? You know that there are

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Speaker 1: a lot of considerations to make, and frankly, no one

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Speaker 1: has come up with the right approach yet because we

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Speaker 1: still haven't tried it. You know, it may very well

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Speaker 1: be that the first dozen times we try to mine

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Speaker 1: asteroids we realize there's got to be a better way

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Speaker 1: because this method is not efficient enough. If the process

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Speaker 1: takes more money, time and effort, then you would uh,

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Speaker 1: then you would have if you tried to get those

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Speaker 1: resources some other way, then clearly that's not the right

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Speaker 1: answer because all you're doing is storing money away. So

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Speaker 1: there are a lot of questions to answer at this point.

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Speaker 1: But let's let's talk a little bit about Planetary Resources. Now.

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Speaker 1: We've mentioned it a couple of times, and we talked

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Speaker 1: about how people like James Cameron and Eric Schmidt and

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Speaker 1: Larry Page are interested in supporting this company. And you

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Speaker 1: might think, well, why why would we worry about why

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Speaker 1: would we want to support a company that has admitted

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Speaker 1: that the earliest they expect to be able to actually

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Speaker 1: mine an asteroid would be ten years from now. And

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Speaker 1: part of it is that actually what I've al right, well, uh,

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Speaker 1: I was reading an article from Forbes and and in

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Speaker 1: the article they did an interview with some executives from

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Speaker 1: Planetary Resources, and they talked about why company this company

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Speaker 1: is an interesting company and why it may be viable

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Speaker 1: and it's already making money now right now, it's making

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Speaker 1: money through investment, but it's also going to it's got

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Speaker 1: revenue generation plans for each step in the journey to

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Speaker 1: having a mining asteroid operation or ask remining operation. I'm

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Speaker 1: having some issues with some word order anyway, order word.

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Speaker 1: The first stage is talking about creating a space faring

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Speaker 1: telescope called the OAR Kid one hundred and they're expecting

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Speaker 1: to be able to do this within the next two years.

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Speaker 1: And this is UH telescopes with remote sensing technology. And

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Speaker 1: the idea is to launch around six or so of

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Speaker 1: these telescopes into low Earth orbit and each one would

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Speaker 1: be part of a second It would be a secondary payload.

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Speaker 1: So in other words, you would not send a spacecraft

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Speaker 1: up loaded down with these telescopes, and that's it. Um. Instead,

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Speaker 1: what would happen is, let's say some communications company wants

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Speaker 1: to launch a new communication satellite and enters into a

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Speaker 1: contract with a private company that is going to launch

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Speaker 1: the satellite. Then Planetary Resources could say, hey, you've got

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Speaker 1: this much cargo space left over in the vehicle. Can

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Speaker 1: we put one of our telescopes in there with your

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Speaker 1: communication satellite and have it deployed in that same mission.

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Speaker 1: And thus it will save money in that it's not

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Speaker 1: having a dedicated flight just for the telescopes. That's the

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Speaker 1: idea anyway, So these telescopes would be able to UH

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Speaker 1: look out into space. With the idea that they're they're

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Speaker 1: looking for asteroids, so it's asteroid location identification, uh, that

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Speaker 1: sort of thing. This could be useful for lots of

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Speaker 1: other purposes though, and so the thought behind Planetary Resources

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Speaker 1: is that they could even rent out time on these

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Speaker 1: telescopes for other facilities so that they could do research on,

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Speaker 1: you know whatever, some astronomical approach. And so these telescopes,

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Speaker 1: which are you know, when you're floating in space, you've

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Speaker 1: got some you can get some really nice pictures of

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Speaker 1: stuff because you don't have to worry about atmospheric interference

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Speaker 1: and um. And so you might be able to make

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Speaker 1: quite a bit of money essentially leasing out these telescopes. Also,

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Speaker 1: I like the idea that one of the other benefits

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Speaker 1: to this approach is the possibility of being able to

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Speaker 1: identify potentially problematic asteroids much earlier than otherwise we might

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Speaker 1: be able to, because I mean, that is that's a

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Speaker 1: legitimate concern as well. There are there are plenty of

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Speaker 1: astronomers out there who say we need to be able

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Speaker 1: to identify asteroids that could potentially become a problem um

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Speaker 1: and then be able to come up with a solution

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Speaker 1: to that problem. And we talked about that in our

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Speaker 1: our podcast about as could an asteroid destroy the Earth

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Speaker 1: and what could we do to stop that? As it

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Speaker 1: turns out, blowing it up is the wrong answer, by

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Speaker 1: the way, spoiler alert. UM, that's a great episode. You

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Speaker 1: should listen to it. There's lots of other points we

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Speaker 1: make in it besides don't blow it up. Um. One

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Speaker 1: of the interesting things too about these telescopes is we're

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Speaker 1: not talking about something the size of say that the

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Speaker 1: Hubble telescope. These are actually very small and could be

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Speaker 1: held in your hand, um, and the company expects to

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Speaker 1: that it could cost less than uh ten million dollars,

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Speaker 1: which you know, that's pretty small amount really when you

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Speaker 1: start talking about space exploration. So it is an easy

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Speaker 1: way for them to, if you'll pardon the pun, get

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Speaker 1: off the ground with the effort and then their next

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Speaker 1: phase so that our Kid one Phase one, Phase two

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Speaker 1: is ARCID two hundred series. Now this is of course

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Speaker 1: something you know, even though our Kid one is in

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Speaker 1: the prototype stage or or the research and planning stage,

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Speaker 1: our KID two hundred would be the next the next generation,

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Speaker 1: and uh these would be equipped with additional stuff on

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Speaker 1: it to help the telescope maintain a higher orbit. So

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Speaker 1: the one series would be in a low Earth orbit,

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Speaker 1: so essentially falling towards the Earth all the time. The

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Speaker 1: two hundred would be in a higher orbit and would

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Speaker 1: be equipped to track asteroids and also have propostional propulsion

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Speaker 1: system is built into the telescope itself so that, uh,

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Speaker 1: you could change their orientation and orbit path from the ground.

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Speaker 1: So you might think, um, I we spotted this one asteroid,

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Speaker 1: but we're not in an ideal position in order to

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Speaker 1: really hone in on it. So we're going to move

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Speaker 1: the telescope, uh, so that we can get a better look.

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Speaker 1: That kind of thing. And then again they would be

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Speaker 1: leasing this out as well. Then you have the three

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Speaker 1: hundred series. That's that's the that's the final phase of

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Speaker 1: the plan, and the three hundred series is the super

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Speaker 1: Cool series. In my opinion, this would be a design then,

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Speaker 1: not officially, I mean maybe internally. They have not communicated

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Speaker 1: that to the press, but the super Cool phase involves

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Speaker 1: the ARCID three hundreds, which would be robotic, so they

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Speaker 1: are no longer being controlled from the ground necessarily. They

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Speaker 1: would It would be a swarm of robotic devices that

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Speaker 1: could work together in a network and communicate with each other.

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Speaker 1: So let's say one spots and asteroid. Suddenly other ones

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Speaker 1: can all hone in on that same asteroid, and all

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Speaker 1: three could be gathering data simultaneously. One might be using

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Speaker 1: spectography to figure out what is that asteroid made of.

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Speaker 1: Others might be taking pictures are plotting the course of

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Speaker 1: the asteroid. So you've got this sort of distributed computing

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Speaker 1: model in space with robotic space probes slowly moving towards

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Speaker 1: the singularity. And then these would be essentially the same

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Speaker 1: sort of robots that would ultimately mine asteroids. They would

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Speaker 1: work together to mind an asteroid. And how they would

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Speaker 1: do that, well, we don't know, because, like I said,

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Speaker 1: we haven't really determined what the best approaches, and even

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Speaker 1: Planetary Resources says, we have no idea how we're going

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Speaker 1: to mind the asteroids yet. We know that we're gonna

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Speaker 1: work on that problem, but we've got these other benchmarks

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Speaker 1: we have to meet first before that can even become

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Speaker 1: a consideration. So we're going to focus on achieving these goals,

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Speaker 1: with the ongoing goal being let's figure out what the

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Speaker 1: best approaches to mind these things. Once we have tracked it.

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Speaker 1: UM launched a a an intercept path with these these

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Speaker 1: robotic entities and then then we'll fix it out. You know,

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Speaker 1: we'll burn that bridge when we come to it. Well,

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Speaker 1: one of the uh, one of the goals though, that

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Speaker 1: they're working on, is is actually eliminating one of the

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Speaker 1: problems that Jonathan and I we're talking about a few

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Speaker 1: moments ago, because rather than bringing things back to Earth necessarily,

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Speaker 1: they're talking about the idea of creating well, basically an

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Speaker 1: interplanetary gas station. They want to to create a station where, uh,

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Speaker 1: once you launch from Earth, you could stop to refuel

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Speaker 1: and get more supplies, and the supplies would be replenished

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Speaker 1: from asteroid mining. So you know, you could stop, pick

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Speaker 1: up some platinum, some water, some platinum, pick up a

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Speaker 1: a big drink, maybe maybe a peak, and log stuckies

429
00:25:54,320 --> 00:25:58,359
Speaker 1: in space. That's gonna make no sense to anyone who

430
00:25:58,400 --> 00:26:01,160
Speaker 1: doesn't live in the Southeast. Yeah, that's all right. I'm

431
00:26:01,200 --> 00:26:03,760
Speaker 1: okay with that Southwest United States, I should add, Yeah,

432
00:26:03,880 --> 00:26:06,840
Speaker 1: good point. Um. So, yeah, I mean that's that's sort

433
00:26:06,880 --> 00:26:12,080
Speaker 1: of the the uh the next step after that, the yeah,

434
00:26:12,359 --> 00:26:15,000
Speaker 1: I think, uh, I think every time glamorous, every time

435
00:26:15,000 --> 00:26:20,080
Speaker 1: the robots deliver more material to this interstellar gas station,

436
00:26:20,160 --> 00:26:22,159
Speaker 1: I think there should be an alert on Earth, like

437
00:26:22,240 --> 00:26:25,280
Speaker 1: whatever computer is designed to indicate that there's been a

438
00:26:25,280 --> 00:26:28,720
Speaker 1: new delivery. I think that the the verbal alert should

439
00:26:28,720 --> 00:26:33,160
Speaker 1: be good news everyone, because I can't believe we've gone

440
00:26:33,200 --> 00:26:36,560
Speaker 1: this far talking about planetary resources and asteroid mining and

441
00:26:36,600 --> 00:26:41,280
Speaker 1: we haven't referenced Futurama yet, so which is an awesome show.

442
00:26:42,080 --> 00:26:46,400
Speaker 1: But let's also talk about the legality of mining asteroids

443
00:26:46,400 --> 00:26:48,879
Speaker 1: because this is this is this is kind of complicate

444
00:26:48,920 --> 00:26:51,879
Speaker 1: because we're talking about stuff that no one's managed to

445
00:26:51,920 --> 00:26:53,600
Speaker 1: do yet. So really we don't have a whole lot

446
00:26:53,600 --> 00:26:57,840
Speaker 1: of laws about it because well it really wasn't pertinent.

447
00:26:57,920 --> 00:26:59,760
Speaker 1: You know, there's no reason to make a law because

448
00:27:00,000 --> 00:27:02,399
Speaker 1: who was gonna do it? Yeah, I mean, it's it's

449
00:27:02,680 --> 00:27:04,600
Speaker 1: we talk about these kinds of things all the time,

450
00:27:04,640 --> 00:27:10,159
Speaker 1: about uh, going undersea and salvaging a wreck, um, you

451
00:27:10,200 --> 00:27:13,080
Speaker 1: know the ship that that sunk, you know, six years ago,

452
00:27:14,480 --> 00:27:16,760
Speaker 1: and depending on whether or not it's an international waters

453
00:27:16,840 --> 00:27:21,120
Speaker 1: it may fall into that wonderful category of finders keepers

454
00:27:21,920 --> 00:27:23,960
Speaker 1: or or or you know, do you have the right

455
00:27:24,040 --> 00:27:28,920
Speaker 1: to build a base in Antarctica? Yes? Um, you do, Yes,

456
00:27:28,960 --> 00:27:31,440
Speaker 1: I do. I've got I've got a certificate on my wall. Hey,

457
00:27:31,920 --> 00:27:33,400
Speaker 1: I have the right to do that. I haven't done

458
00:27:33,400 --> 00:27:35,480
Speaker 1: it yet. I tried one in the Arctic, but then

459
00:27:35,520 --> 00:27:38,959
Speaker 1: this thing crashed, and uh, I haven't heard from them

460
00:27:38,960 --> 00:27:40,639
Speaker 1: in a while. So maybe I should check on that.

461
00:27:41,400 --> 00:27:43,920
Speaker 1: There's a great carpenter up there too. I'm gonna check

462
00:27:43,960 --> 00:27:48,240
Speaker 1: and see how how John the carpenter over there is doing. Um. Well,

463
00:27:48,280 --> 00:27:52,320
Speaker 1: that's a lot of references. So so the question is

464
00:27:53,119 --> 00:27:56,840
Speaker 1: if there is an asteroid in space, um, and three

465
00:27:56,920 --> 00:27:59,400
Speaker 1: or four countries want to go mind it? Who'se asteroid

466
00:27:59,520 --> 00:28:03,080
Speaker 1: is it? Too? So here's here's where we stand. Back

467
00:28:03,119 --> 00:28:07,199
Speaker 1: in nineteen sixty seven, it or not, there was a

468
00:28:07,320 --> 00:28:11,840
Speaker 1: document that was put into law called the Outer Space Treaty. Now,

469
00:28:11,880 --> 00:28:15,080
Speaker 1: I'm sure any aliens that exist out there would object

470
00:28:15,160 --> 00:28:19,400
Speaker 1: to not being included in the utter Space Treaty. Yeah,

471
00:28:19,480 --> 00:28:25,119
Speaker 1: and kados don't blame me anyway, joking aside, there was this,

472
00:28:25,240 --> 00:28:27,720
Speaker 1: there's really is an outer Space Treaty that was signed

473
00:28:27,720 --> 00:28:34,000
Speaker 1: in nineteen Article too specifically states outer space, including the

474
00:28:34,000 --> 00:28:37,240
Speaker 1: Moon and other celestial bodies, is not subject to national

475
00:28:37,280 --> 00:28:40,880
Speaker 1: appropriation by claim of sovereignty, by means or of use

476
00:28:41,040 --> 00:28:44,560
Speaker 1: or occupation, or by any other means essentially saying you

477
00:28:44,720 --> 00:28:47,640
Speaker 1: cannot fly up into space and say I claim this

478
00:28:47,760 --> 00:28:50,560
Speaker 1: asked right for Spain. You can't do. Why you could,

479
00:28:50,600 --> 00:28:54,320
Speaker 1: but it wouldn't have any legality to it. I remember

480
00:28:54,400 --> 00:28:57,280
Speaker 1: then if you have a flag at the izard Vans.

481
00:28:57,360 --> 00:29:00,239
Speaker 1: Even if you have a flag, it does not help. Yep,

482
00:29:00,560 --> 00:29:02,600
Speaker 1: it doesn't work the way it did in Duck Dodgers

483
00:29:02,600 --> 00:29:04,880
Speaker 1: in the twenty four and a half century. Like I said,

484
00:29:04,880 --> 00:29:06,520
Speaker 1: this plan is not big enough for the two of us,

485
00:29:06,560 --> 00:29:11,160
Speaker 1: So off you go. Um, yeah, I've seen that cartoon

486
00:29:11,520 --> 00:29:15,560
Speaker 1: probably I don't know a hundred times at least, but

487
00:29:16,040 --> 00:29:17,560
Speaker 1: those of you who have seen the cartoon, I mean

488
00:29:17,560 --> 00:29:19,120
Speaker 1: that's what they do. They plant the flag and they

489
00:29:19,200 --> 00:29:20,800
Speaker 1: claim it in the name of the Earth. And now

490
00:29:20,880 --> 00:29:25,880
Speaker 1: it doesn't. So according to this, no government agency could

491
00:29:25,960 --> 00:29:29,880
Speaker 1: claim ownership of a celestial body. Uh. It does not

492
00:29:30,120 --> 00:29:34,680
Speaker 1: cover private industry because that just really wasn't in anyone's

493
00:29:34,720 --> 00:29:37,000
Speaker 1: mind back in nineteen sixty seven. This was during the

494
00:29:37,040 --> 00:29:40,360
Speaker 1: space race between the United States and the USSR the

495
00:29:40,400 --> 00:29:43,160
Speaker 1: Soviet Union, and both were trying to get to the Moon.

496
00:29:43,200 --> 00:29:45,280
Speaker 1: And the thing was they didn't want anybody to say,

497
00:29:45,400 --> 00:29:48,000
Speaker 1: you know, the moon is we got there first, So

498
00:29:48,040 --> 00:29:50,520
Speaker 1: it's ours. You know, we're gonna build military bases all

499
00:29:50,520 --> 00:29:52,080
Speaker 1: over the Moon and you can't do anything about it.

500
00:29:52,160 --> 00:29:55,800
Speaker 1: Ha han and Nanni booboo. So that was an issue.

501
00:29:55,800 --> 00:29:58,080
Speaker 1: It was a concern. It was a legitimate concern. I mean,

502
00:29:58,240 --> 00:30:00,560
Speaker 1: who knew where the limits could go. I mean, back

503
00:30:00,600 --> 00:30:03,400
Speaker 1: in nineteen sixty seven, we didn't know if we were

504
00:30:03,400 --> 00:30:05,960
Speaker 1: going to just do a quick visit to the Moon

505
00:30:06,160 --> 00:30:08,720
Speaker 1: or if we were going to have a lunar colony.

506
00:30:08,800 --> 00:30:10,760
Speaker 1: I mean, you know, at the time, we had no

507
00:30:10,800 --> 00:30:13,160
Speaker 1: way of knowing we would only send a handful of

508
00:30:13,200 --> 00:30:15,360
Speaker 1: missions to the Moon and that would be it. Well,

509
00:30:15,480 --> 00:30:17,920
Speaker 1: we were in there. We were in a time of

510
00:30:17,920 --> 00:30:21,560
Speaker 1: of scientific excitement, I would say, I mean, they're people

511
00:30:21,600 --> 00:30:23,600
Speaker 1: all over the world were excited about the idea of

512
00:30:23,640 --> 00:30:26,840
Speaker 1: going out in a space and going and landing on

513
00:30:26,840 --> 00:30:28,640
Speaker 1: the Moon. And we were also in the middle of

514
00:30:28,680 --> 00:30:31,480
Speaker 1: a the Cold War between the United States and the

515
00:30:31,520 --> 00:30:35,360
Speaker 1: Soviet Union, where people were concerned about the ideas of

516
00:30:35,400 --> 00:30:40,920
Speaker 1: weaponizing space. Um and exactly and so uh, you know

517
00:30:41,040 --> 00:30:43,200
Speaker 1: that this was a very real thing that the Outer

518
00:30:43,240 --> 00:30:46,680
Speaker 1: Space Treaty was signed. Um. But now it's pertinent to

519
00:30:46,880 --> 00:30:52,120
Speaker 1: asteroid mining as well. Yeah. So in general lawyers, who

520
00:30:52,160 --> 00:30:55,000
Speaker 1: are really the only people we can consult on matters

521
00:30:55,040 --> 00:30:58,320
Speaker 1: of this nature, have said that they think in general

522
00:30:58,320 --> 00:31:02,360
Speaker 1: most lawyers anyway, so they think that a really appropriation

523
00:31:02,400 --> 00:31:05,400
Speaker 1: means that you cannot lay claim to an entire celestial body,

524
00:31:05,680 --> 00:31:08,040
Speaker 1: asteroids included. Like in other words, you could not land

525
00:31:08,040 --> 00:31:10,600
Speaker 1: on an asteroid and say it was yours. However, you

526
00:31:10,880 --> 00:31:13,520
Speaker 1: there is nothing in that treaty that would prevent you

527
00:31:13,840 --> 00:31:17,120
Speaker 1: from landing on the celestial body and mining the heck

528
00:31:17,120 --> 00:31:19,960
Speaker 1: out of it. So if you landed on an an

529
00:31:19,960 --> 00:31:22,520
Speaker 1: asteroid and just started a mining operation, there's nothing in

530
00:31:22,520 --> 00:31:26,200
Speaker 1: that treaty to say that that is illegal. However, you

531
00:31:26,320 --> 00:31:30,160
Speaker 1: also could not um you couldn't interfere with someone else's

532
00:31:30,200 --> 00:31:32,520
Speaker 1: mining operation. That would be a problem. So if someone

533
00:31:32,640 --> 00:31:34,800
Speaker 1: has already set up a mining operation on an asteroid,

534
00:31:35,080 --> 00:31:37,360
Speaker 1: you could not try and land your mining asteroid right

535
00:31:37,360 --> 00:31:40,920
Speaker 1: next to it and take over. That would be a problem.

536
00:31:41,120 --> 00:31:43,280
Speaker 1: What you could do is land on the other side

537
00:31:43,320 --> 00:31:46,080
Speaker 1: of the asteroid and start mining it from there. There's

538
00:31:46,120 --> 00:31:49,280
Speaker 1: nothing stopping you from doing that, at least nothing in

539
00:31:49,360 --> 00:31:53,800
Speaker 1: law right now. So you could have multiple companies mining

540
00:31:53,840 --> 00:31:57,400
Speaker 1: the same asteroid from different points and it become kind

541
00:31:57,440 --> 00:32:00,640
Speaker 1: of like, well like the Old West. When you think

542
00:32:00,640 --> 00:32:02,160
Speaker 1: of the gold rush in the Old Western, you have

543
00:32:02,240 --> 00:32:04,880
Speaker 1: to think of all these different competing groups that we're

544
00:32:04,920 --> 00:32:12,200
Speaker 1: trying to get pretty scarce resources, at least seemingly scarce resources. Uh.

545
00:32:12,240 --> 00:32:14,880
Speaker 1: And uh, you know, there were a lot of um,

546
00:32:14,960 --> 00:32:17,080
Speaker 1: there were a lot of a lot of little disagreements

547
00:32:17,080 --> 00:32:19,800
Speaker 1: that popped up as a as a result of that.

548
00:32:20,320 --> 00:32:22,440
Speaker 1: You might have heard of some of them, because the

549
00:32:22,440 --> 00:32:26,400
Speaker 1: Wild West was kind of built on that among other things. Besides,

550
00:32:26,440 --> 00:32:27,960
Speaker 1: you know, it wasn't just the gold rush, but that

551
00:32:28,000 --> 00:32:30,080
Speaker 1: played a really large part. Well, we could see an

552
00:32:30,120 --> 00:32:36,680
Speaker 1: equivalent asteroid rush. If someone, let's say Planetary Resources, identifies

553
00:32:36,720 --> 00:32:40,120
Speaker 1: an asteroid that is particularly rich with something like platinum,

554
00:32:40,240 --> 00:32:43,320
Speaker 1: something that is really scarce on Earth, there could be

555
00:32:43,360 --> 00:32:45,960
Speaker 1: a real rush to try and mind that as much

556
00:32:45,960 --> 00:32:49,400
Speaker 1: as possible because it could be extremely profitable. Uh. So

557
00:32:49,480 --> 00:32:52,440
Speaker 1: you might have multiple companies all hitting that asteroid at

558
00:32:52,440 --> 00:32:55,040
Speaker 1: the same time. As long as you're not interfering with

559
00:32:55,280 --> 00:32:59,200
Speaker 1: the other people, it's all fair game according to the treaty.

560
00:32:59,240 --> 00:33:01,560
Speaker 1: And then once you start at interfering there and there's problems.

561
00:33:01,560 --> 00:33:04,280
Speaker 1: Now I would suspect that once we get closer to

562
00:33:04,320 --> 00:33:07,920
Speaker 1: the reality of mining and asteroid we will see more

563
00:33:08,200 --> 00:33:12,480
Speaker 1: laws put into place that clarify this because and again,

564
00:33:12,520 --> 00:33:14,480
Speaker 1: it's really hard to make a law about something that

565
00:33:14,560 --> 00:33:17,240
Speaker 1: we just can't do yet, and we we can start

566
00:33:17,320 --> 00:33:19,480
Speaker 1: thinking about it, however, and I think that's the important

567
00:33:19,480 --> 00:33:22,960
Speaker 1: thing is to start considering the various scenarios that could

568
00:33:22,960 --> 00:33:28,160
Speaker 1: come out if asteroid mining becomes a reality and anticipating

569
00:33:28,200 --> 00:33:31,040
Speaker 1: that so that we can make laws that makes sense

570
00:33:31,080 --> 00:33:35,880
Speaker 1: and protect the parties involved without giving preferential treatment to anyone. Um.

571
00:33:35,960 --> 00:33:40,040
Speaker 1: It will also be interesting to see what happens if

572
00:33:40,240 --> 00:33:43,160
Speaker 1: let's say that you find an asteroid that is positively

573
00:33:43,320 --> 00:33:46,600
Speaker 1: latent with an element that is incredibly rare on Earth,

574
00:33:46,640 --> 00:33:49,840
Speaker 1: like platinum? Uh, what does that do to the price

575
00:33:49,880 --> 00:33:52,840
Speaker 1: of platinum? Would that actually impact the price? Would it

576
00:33:52,920 --> 00:33:57,600
Speaker 1: affect profitability? Yeah? Deep impact on the price of platinum?

577
00:33:58,000 --> 00:34:02,480
Speaker 1: Would it would it possibly affect the price? Would it?

578
00:34:02,480 --> 00:34:05,120
Speaker 1: Would that affect the profitability of the venture? In other words,

579
00:34:05,320 --> 00:34:08,840
Speaker 1: could you actually be making less money mining because you

580
00:34:08,920 --> 00:34:12,279
Speaker 1: have just made a scarce resource less scarce? Now the

581
00:34:12,280 --> 00:34:17,320
Speaker 1: planetary resources people said, look, we're going to be uh,

582
00:34:17,360 --> 00:34:20,799
Speaker 1: we're going to be affected by the whole uh uh

583
00:34:21,320 --> 00:34:24,799
Speaker 1: scarcity issue and the whole supply versus demand issue, just

584
00:34:24,840 --> 00:34:28,279
Speaker 1: like anyone would be. However, we're seeing this less as

585
00:34:28,320 --> 00:34:33,600
Speaker 1: a scarcity solution as it is an access solution, because

586
00:34:33,600 --> 00:34:36,640
Speaker 1: we need access to these materials. So, in other words,

587
00:34:36,680 --> 00:34:41,200
Speaker 1: are our business should be profitable because we're giving companies

588
00:34:41,239 --> 00:34:45,279
Speaker 1: access to materials they otherwise would not have. It's not that,

589
00:34:45,600 --> 00:34:49,040
Speaker 1: you know, we're talking about scarcity versus versus uh, whether

590
00:34:49,080 --> 00:34:52,520
Speaker 1: it's it's plentiful, it's just really you need this, We've

591
00:34:52,520 --> 00:34:56,440
Speaker 1: got it, we'll get it to you. So it's kind

592
00:34:56,440 --> 00:34:58,359
Speaker 1: of which is kind of just really just looking at

593
00:34:58,360 --> 00:35:01,160
Speaker 1: the same issue from a slightly di from perspective. Now,

594
00:35:01,200 --> 00:35:03,960
Speaker 1: whether or not that will hold true, or whether we'll

595
00:35:04,000 --> 00:35:09,880
Speaker 1: see mining companies, you know, be initially incredibly successful and

596
00:35:09,920 --> 00:35:12,480
Speaker 1: then end up falling into pieces because the stuff that

597
00:35:12,520 --> 00:35:17,200
Speaker 1: they supply is so relatively plentiful that there's no longer

598
00:35:17,280 --> 00:35:19,840
Speaker 1: demand for it that remains to be seen. I honestly

599
00:35:19,880 --> 00:35:21,600
Speaker 1: don't think that that's something they're gonna have to worry

600
00:35:21,600 --> 00:35:25,560
Speaker 1: about for probably two decades, you know, that first decade

601
00:35:25,600 --> 00:35:26,960
Speaker 1: just getting to the point where they can mind an

602
00:35:26,960 --> 00:35:29,680
Speaker 1: asteroid in the second decade worrying about how that's gonna

603
00:35:29,719 --> 00:35:32,120
Speaker 1: fall out as far as supply versus demand, because it's

604
00:35:32,160 --> 00:35:35,799
Speaker 1: just fall out. It's just not going to be uh.

605
00:35:35,960 --> 00:35:37,919
Speaker 1: I don't think it's gonna be an issue, at least

606
00:35:37,920 --> 00:35:41,080
Speaker 1: not in the short term. But it's fascinating to think about. Nonetheless,

607
00:35:41,600 --> 00:35:44,640
Speaker 1: and my favorite thing is just thinking about mining asteroids

608
00:35:44,680 --> 00:35:48,280
Speaker 1: for water. I mean, that could be a huge benefit

609
00:35:48,680 --> 00:35:51,360
Speaker 1: and and something that's truly necessary if we want to

610
00:35:51,360 --> 00:35:54,120
Speaker 1: do a lot of interplanetary travel and and set up

611
00:35:54,560 --> 00:35:58,359
Speaker 1: a colony somewhere else, because otherwise, the idea of having

612
00:35:58,360 --> 00:36:03,680
Speaker 1: to send regular, uh regular missions filled with water so

613
00:36:03,719 --> 00:36:08,200
Speaker 1: that whoever is living wherever can continue to survive, that's

614
00:36:08,200 --> 00:36:13,160
Speaker 1: that's hard. Yeah, well it's a it's expensive to uh,

615
00:36:13,360 --> 00:36:17,279
Speaker 1: you know, basically launched water into space. It's heavy. And

616
00:36:17,360 --> 00:36:21,040
Speaker 1: also I can imagine that there's an ethical problem too,

617
00:36:21,560 --> 00:36:24,200
Speaker 1: because you have so many people on the planet right

618
00:36:24,200 --> 00:36:26,560
Speaker 1: now who do not have access to clean drinking water.

619
00:36:27,040 --> 00:36:31,560
Speaker 1: That to suggest shooting clean drinking water into space for

620
00:36:31,680 --> 00:36:35,560
Speaker 1: someone else, there's an ethical question that you there's not

621
00:36:35,640 --> 00:36:38,360
Speaker 1: easy to answer. I agree. Now, if there's a way

622
00:36:38,400 --> 00:36:41,560
Speaker 1: of bringing that water from asteroids back to Earth, so

623
00:36:41,600 --> 00:36:45,640
Speaker 1: that there's more clean water, then that's that's not so bad. However,

624
00:36:46,040 --> 00:36:49,040
Speaker 1: really clean water again, just like just like the other issues,

625
00:36:49,080 --> 00:36:52,439
Speaker 1: it's not really a scarcity problem, it's an access problem. Right.

626
00:36:52,480 --> 00:36:54,920
Speaker 1: So we've got enough clean water right now to to

627
00:36:55,080 --> 00:36:57,880
Speaker 1: help out everybody, but not everyone has access to it.

628
00:36:58,440 --> 00:37:00,919
Speaker 1: So that's a perfect example of what I was talking

629
00:37:00,960 --> 00:37:04,440
Speaker 1: about before, about scarcity versus access. But there there's more

630
00:37:04,440 --> 00:37:08,840
Speaker 1: to it than just drinking water for astronauts, because they're

631
00:37:08,840 --> 00:37:13,600
Speaker 1: talking about the possibility of breaking water down into its hydrogen, oxygen,

632
00:37:13,600 --> 00:37:17,280
Speaker 1: and hydrogen for fuel. You can use that in fuel cells.

633
00:37:17,600 --> 00:37:19,440
Speaker 1: Also oxygen you can use I don't know if you

634
00:37:19,480 --> 00:37:22,360
Speaker 1: know this, but you can use it for breathing. What. Yeah,

635
00:37:22,560 --> 00:37:26,239
Speaker 1: it's not just helium. Are you serious? Yeah, that's I've

636
00:37:26,280 --> 00:37:29,400
Speaker 1: been doing it for years. I highly recommend it. I

637
00:37:30,320 --> 00:37:32,600
Speaker 1: tried cutting it off after a while, but that did

638
00:37:32,640 --> 00:37:35,239
Speaker 1: not go well. Yeah, I heard it. You were kind

639
00:37:35,239 --> 00:37:37,560
Speaker 1: of blue after that. Yeah, No, I was. I was,

640
00:37:37,840 --> 00:37:40,440
Speaker 1: you know, I was. There's there's just a time in

641
00:37:40,440 --> 00:37:42,279
Speaker 1: my life where I was just feeling a little suffocated,

642
00:37:42,440 --> 00:37:48,200
Speaker 1: you know. So anyway, enough of that weird, we're being silly. Well,

643
00:37:48,239 --> 00:37:53,360
Speaker 1: it's it's a fun topic to talk about and definitely

644
00:37:53,800 --> 00:37:55,719
Speaker 1: but it has spawned a lot of jokes and references.

645
00:37:55,760 --> 00:37:59,680
Speaker 1: But I'm interested to see how how far they can

646
00:37:59,680 --> 00:38:02,160
Speaker 1: take it that I'd like to see them actually succeed

647
00:38:02,160 --> 00:38:06,560
Speaker 1: in it just yet. And it's going to be expensive though,

648
00:38:06,600 --> 00:38:09,080
Speaker 1: And honestly, we do have to come up with something

649
00:38:09,200 --> 00:38:11,680
Speaker 1: along the lines of asteroid mining if we want to

650
00:38:11,719 --> 00:38:15,920
Speaker 1: really make interplanetary travel a reality, because uh, it's just

651
00:38:16,040 --> 00:38:20,680
Speaker 1: not feasible to to do everything from Earth and and

652
00:38:20,719 --> 00:38:24,000
Speaker 1: rely upon that. Now, granted, we may also get to

653
00:38:24,000 --> 00:38:27,560
Speaker 1: a point where we land on another celestial body that

654
00:38:27,680 --> 00:38:32,720
Speaker 1: has its own natural resources that we can exploit. So planet, yes,

655
00:38:33,080 --> 00:38:35,759
Speaker 1: so Mars may not be that planet. There might not

656
00:38:35,840 --> 00:38:37,279
Speaker 1: be a whole lot on Mars that we could use,

657
00:38:37,280 --> 00:38:40,160
Speaker 1: but there might be a moon, a moon somewhere that

658
00:38:40,200 --> 00:38:42,640
Speaker 1: would be you know, that might have some resources that

659
00:38:42,719 --> 00:38:48,360
Speaker 1: we could exploit. Um, so there's always that possibility as well.

660
00:38:48,440 --> 00:38:51,200
Speaker 1: But that's definitely something that we have to develop in

661
00:38:51,320 --> 00:38:55,200
Speaker 1: order for interplanetary travel to become a reality. So it

662
00:38:55,360 --> 00:38:57,240
Speaker 1: is in the future if we want this to happen.

663
00:38:58,000 --> 00:39:00,640
Speaker 1: And uh, I am really curious to see. I would

664
00:39:00,640 --> 00:39:03,120
Speaker 1: love to be able to revisit this in ten years

665
00:39:03,840 --> 00:39:07,200
Speaker 1: and see how planetary resources went. Um, so I'm just

666
00:39:07,239 --> 00:39:09,520
Speaker 1: gonna mark it down my calendar. So May the fourth,

667
00:39:10,760 --> 00:39:15,040
Speaker 1: twenty twenty two, all right, all right, So on Star

668
00:39:15,080 --> 00:39:19,720
Speaker 1: Wars Day and two, we will we will reconvene. Okay,

669
00:39:19,760 --> 00:39:21,720
Speaker 1: so I expect all of you listeners to be listening

670
00:39:21,719 --> 00:39:26,720
Speaker 1: still at that time. Clearly I I don't have any plans.

671
00:39:27,120 --> 00:39:30,080
Speaker 1: So you guys, if you have any topics you would

672
00:39:30,160 --> 00:39:33,560
Speaker 1: like us to tackle in future episodes, please do not

673
00:39:33,800 --> 00:39:36,160
Speaker 1: hesitate to contact us, and we won't make fun of

674
00:39:36,160 --> 00:39:39,080
Speaker 1: it on an episode in the near future. You can

675
00:39:39,160 --> 00:39:41,560
Speaker 1: let us know on Facebook or Twitter are handled. There

676
00:39:41,680 --> 00:39:45,440
Speaker 1: is text stuff h s W or shoot us me

677
00:39:45,560 --> 00:39:49,719
Speaker 1: now that addresses tech stuff at Discovery dot com and

678
00:39:49,800 --> 00:39:52,160
Speaker 1: Chris and I will talk to you again really soon.

679
00:39:53,360 --> 00:39:55,879
Speaker 1: For more on this and thousands of other topics, visit

680
00:39:55,920 --> 00:40:02,719
Speaker 1: hastaff works dot com. Brought to you by the reinvented

681
00:40:02,760 --> 00:40:05,320
Speaker 1: two thousand twelve camera. It's ready, are you