1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:03,239 Speaker 1: Hey, history enthusiasts, you get not one, but two events 2 00:00:03,240 --> 00:00:07,200 Speaker 1: in history today on with the show Welcome to this 3 00:00:07,280 --> 00:00:09,959 Speaker 1: Day in History class, where we bring you a new 4 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:21,800 Speaker 1: tip bit from history every day. The day was May fourteenth, nineteen. 5 00:00:23,560 --> 00:00:26,800 Speaker 1: In Tel Aviv, David Ben Gurion, the chairman of the 6 00:00:26,840 --> 00:00:30,840 Speaker 1: Jewish Agency, proclaimed the establishment of the State of Israel. 7 00:00:31,920 --> 00:00:35,479 Speaker 1: From the early sixteenth century to nineteen seventeen, the Ottomans 8 00:00:35,560 --> 00:00:39,880 Speaker 1: ruled the Palestine region, but in nineteen seventeen, British Foreign 9 00:00:39,920 --> 00:00:44,080 Speaker 1: Secretary Arthur James Balfour issued a statement of British support 10 00:00:44,120 --> 00:00:47,640 Speaker 1: for the establishment of a national home in Palestine for 11 00:00:47,760 --> 00:00:52,440 Speaker 1: Jewish people. That statement became known as the Balfour Declaration. 12 00:00:53,159 --> 00:00:55,640 Speaker 1: The British government had hoped that it would get Jewish 13 00:00:55,640 --> 00:00:58,920 Speaker 1: opinion on the side of the Allies during World War One. 14 00:00:59,600 --> 00:01:02,080 Speaker 1: It was also a play to protect the Suez Canal 15 00:01:02,160 --> 00:01:06,040 Speaker 1: in Egypt and ensure a good communication channel to British 16 00:01:06,040 --> 00:01:09,679 Speaker 1: possessions in India. When the First World War ended in 17 00:01:09,760 --> 00:01:13,880 Speaker 1: nineteen eighteen, written seized control of the Palestine region or 18 00:01:14,000 --> 00:01:18,919 Speaker 1: modern day Israel, Palestine and Jordan's even though Arab states 19 00:01:18,959 --> 00:01:23,520 Speaker 1: protested the Balfour Declaration, concerned it would subject Arab Palestinians 20 00:01:23,520 --> 00:01:27,680 Speaker 1: to persecution, it was included in the British Mandate for Palestine. 21 00:01:28,680 --> 00:01:32,840 Speaker 1: The League of Nations, an international organization founded in nineteen 22 00:01:32,840 --> 00:01:37,240 Speaker 1: twenty to resolve international disputes, formally authorized the mandate on 23 00:01:37,319 --> 00:01:42,399 Speaker 1: July nineteen two. The mandate went into effect in nineteen three, 24 00:01:42,880 --> 00:01:47,520 Speaker 1: and British rule continued through the next two decades. As Zionism, 25 00:01:47,640 --> 00:01:50,320 Speaker 1: a movement for the re establishment of a Jewish homeland 26 00:01:50,360 --> 00:01:54,200 Speaker 1: and Palestine, emerged, thousands of Jewish people relocated to the 27 00:01:54,240 --> 00:01:58,520 Speaker 1: region in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and 28 00:01:58,600 --> 00:02:01,240 Speaker 1: after World War Two broke out in nineteen thirty nine, 29 00:02:01,680 --> 00:02:06,040 Speaker 1: Jewish people fled persecution and immigrated to Palestine, taking up 30 00:02:06,080 --> 00:02:10,519 Speaker 1: the cause of Zionism. Tensions between Arabs and Jewish people 31 00:02:10,560 --> 00:02:15,240 Speaker 1: and Palestine intensified. Written, which in nineteen thirty nine had 32 00:02:15,280 --> 00:02:19,040 Speaker 1: recommended an end to Jewish immigration. By nineteen forty four, 33 00:02:19,520 --> 00:02:24,799 Speaker 1: faced opposition from Zionists. The US supported the Balfour Declaration 34 00:02:24,880 --> 00:02:27,519 Speaker 1: and the Zionist cause of the re establishment of a 35 00:02:27,600 --> 00:02:31,160 Speaker 1: Jewish nation and Palestine, but in nineteen forty five, at 36 00:02:31,200 --> 00:02:34,600 Speaker 1: the end of World War Two, President Franklin D. Roosevelt 37 00:02:34,680 --> 00:02:38,240 Speaker 1: promised not to intervene without consulting Jewish people in Arabs. 38 00:02:39,639 --> 00:02:42,000 Speaker 1: The British were against the creation of a Jewish state 39 00:02:42,120 --> 00:02:45,680 Speaker 1: and an Arab state in Palestine, and they opposed the 40 00:02:45,800 --> 00:02:50,840 Speaker 1: unlimited immigration of Jewish refugees to the area. Britain was 41 00:02:50,919 --> 00:02:54,760 Speaker 1: concerned with maintaining good standing with the Arabs to ensure 42 00:02:54,880 --> 00:02:59,959 Speaker 1: its political and economic interests were not disturbed. After US 43 00:03:00,080 --> 00:03:03,760 Speaker 1: President Harry Truman took office, he announced his support for 44 00:03:03,800 --> 00:03:07,280 Speaker 1: the creation of a Jewish state, and in November nineteen, 45 00:03:08,360 --> 00:03:12,639 Speaker 1: the United Nations voted to partition Palestine into a Jewish 46 00:03:12,720 --> 00:03:18,200 Speaker 1: and Arab state. Resolution one one, or the Partition Resolution, 47 00:03:18,639 --> 00:03:22,080 Speaker 1: called for the creation of the states when Britain's Palestinian 48 00:03:22,080 --> 00:03:27,080 Speaker 1: mandate was scheduled to end in May ninety Under the resolution, 49 00:03:27,200 --> 00:03:30,880 Speaker 1: the area surrounding Jerusalem would be a corpus separatum, or 50 00:03:31,000 --> 00:03:34,680 Speaker 1: region granted a special legal and political status, but it's 51 00:03:34,720 --> 00:03:38,520 Speaker 1: not sovereign, under international control administered by the U n. 52 00:03:39,720 --> 00:03:42,960 Speaker 1: Jewish people would get more than half of Palestine, even 53 00:03:42,960 --> 00:03:45,760 Speaker 1: though they made up less than half of the region's population. 54 00:03:47,040 --> 00:03:52,320 Speaker 1: Jewish leaders accepted the plan, but Arabs rejected it. Palestinian 55 00:03:52,360 --> 00:03:55,560 Speaker 1: Arabs argued that they should be given more territory and 56 00:03:55,680 --> 00:04:00,760 Speaker 1: began forming volunteer armies. Despite the objection, Britain withdrew from 57 00:04:00,760 --> 00:04:04,120 Speaker 1: Palestine in May nineteen forty eight. In Israel became an 58 00:04:04,120 --> 00:04:08,560 Speaker 1: independent state on the fourteenth of the month. The next day, 59 00:04:08,760 --> 00:04:13,080 Speaker 1: the Arab nations of Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, trans Jordan which 60 00:04:13,120 --> 00:04:17,239 Speaker 1: is now Jordans, and Iraq invaded the region. The Arab 61 00:04:17,360 --> 00:04:20,520 Speaker 1: Israeli War broke out and lasted until March of nineteen 62 00:04:20,600 --> 00:04:25,240 Speaker 1: forty nine, when a ceasefire agreement was reached. Many conflicts 63 00:04:25,279 --> 00:04:28,960 Speaker 1: have ensued between Jewish people in Arabs over the decades 64 00:04:29,000 --> 00:04:33,200 Speaker 1: since the creation of Israel, including the Suez Crisis, Six 65 00:04:33,279 --> 00:04:38,280 Speaker 1: Day War, Yam Kappor War, and the Lebanon War. Key 66 00:04:38,320 --> 00:04:41,520 Speaker 1: areas like the West Bank, Golden Heights, the Gaza Strip, 67 00:04:41,640 --> 00:04:46,080 Speaker 1: and Jerusalem have been centers of dispute. In nineteen sixty four, 68 00:04:46,279 --> 00:04:51,040 Speaker 1: the Palestine Liberation Organization was formed to unite Palestinian groups 69 00:04:51,080 --> 00:04:56,360 Speaker 1: and create a liberated Palestine. The Israeli Palestinian conflict persists, 70 00:04:56,760 --> 00:05:00,440 Speaker 1: though there have been peace treaties between Israel and both Egypt. 71 00:05:00,440 --> 00:05:04,159 Speaker 1: In Jordan's Israel does not recognize Palestine as a state, 72 00:05:04,440 --> 00:05:07,880 Speaker 1: though more than a hundred UN member nations do. A 73 00:05:07,920 --> 00:05:11,799 Speaker 1: two state solution, or the establishment of Israel for Jewish 74 00:05:11,800 --> 00:05:16,479 Speaker 1: people and Palestine for Palestinian people, has been proposed, but 75 00:05:16,720 --> 00:05:20,720 Speaker 1: such a framework has proved challenging to achieve. In the 76 00:05:20,760 --> 00:05:23,799 Speaker 1: struggle with reaching a two state solution, a one state 77 00:05:23,839 --> 00:05:27,120 Speaker 1: solution emerged, where Israel, the West Bank and the Gaza 78 00:05:27,160 --> 00:05:30,719 Speaker 1: Strip would be merged into one democratic country. And another 79 00:05:30,839 --> 00:05:34,160 Speaker 1: version of the one state solution, Israel annexes the West 80 00:05:34,160 --> 00:05:36,960 Speaker 1: Bank but not the Gaza Strip and remains a Jewish 81 00:05:37,000 --> 00:05:41,200 Speaker 1: state with the larger AIRB minority. Over the years, people 82 00:05:41,240 --> 00:05:44,320 Speaker 1: have attempted to work on peaceful solutions that would end 83 00:05:44,440 --> 00:05:48,960 Speaker 1: the years long conflict. I'm Eaves Deathcote and hopefully you 84 00:05:49,000 --> 00:05:52,800 Speaker 1: know a little more about history today than you did yesterday. 85 00:05:53,360 --> 00:05:56,040 Speaker 1: If you haven't gotten your fill of history after listening 86 00:05:56,080 --> 00:06:00,000 Speaker 1: to today's episode, you can follow us on Twitter, Instagram, 87 00:06:00,040 --> 00:06:06,080 Speaker 1: and Facebook at t D I h C podcast Tune 88 00:06:06,080 --> 00:06:21,760 Speaker 1: in tomorrow for another day in History. Hello everyone, I'm 89 00:06:21,839 --> 00:06:25,000 Speaker 1: Eves and welcome to this dand History Class, a podcast 90 00:06:25,040 --> 00:06:28,520 Speaker 1: where the past becomes the present every single day. I 91 00:06:28,560 --> 00:06:31,760 Speaker 1: hope you all are still doing well. I'm doing well, 92 00:06:31,760 --> 00:06:34,640 Speaker 1: still recording from the closet. I hope that you'all have 93 00:06:34,839 --> 00:06:37,280 Speaker 1: been able to find things that make your day a 94 00:06:37,320 --> 00:06:40,320 Speaker 1: little bit brighter every single day. I for one, have 95 00:06:40,440 --> 00:06:42,320 Speaker 1: been able to get a lot of fresh air, a 96 00:06:42,320 --> 00:06:45,800 Speaker 1: lot of sunlight, and I must admit one or two 97 00:06:45,960 --> 00:06:49,719 Speaker 1: or three horror movies, which is my particular brand of 98 00:06:49,839 --> 00:06:53,240 Speaker 1: craving right now, and even when I'm not in the 99 00:06:53,240 --> 00:06:58,920 Speaker 1: middle of a pandemic, I love horror movies. With that said, 100 00:06:59,040 --> 00:07:02,320 Speaker 1: today's episode has nothing to do with horror movies, but 101 00:07:02,600 --> 00:07:05,520 Speaker 1: it is about witchcraft, So let's get into the show. 102 00:07:12,720 --> 00:07:16,400 Speaker 1: The day was made fourteenth, eighteen seventy eight, the last 103 00:07:16,520 --> 00:07:20,440 Speaker 1: witchcraft trial in the United States began in Salem, Massachusetts, 104 00:07:20,800 --> 00:07:25,120 Speaker 1: the site of the infamous seventeenth century witch trials. The 105 00:07:25,160 --> 00:07:28,440 Speaker 1: Salem Witchcraft Trial of eighteen seventy eight, also known as 106 00:07:28,440 --> 00:07:31,240 Speaker 1: the ips Witch witchcraft Trial, had its roots in the 107 00:07:31,320 --> 00:07:36,120 Speaker 1: Christian Science community in Massachusetts. Christian Science is a religious 108 00:07:36,160 --> 00:07:40,280 Speaker 1: denomination founded by Mary Baker Eddie in the nineteenth century. 109 00:07:40,600 --> 00:07:43,400 Speaker 1: In her eighteen seventy five book Science and Health with 110 00:07:43,560 --> 00:07:47,000 Speaker 1: Key to the Scriptures, Eddie argued that sickness was all 111 00:07:47,040 --> 00:07:49,880 Speaker 1: in the mind and that it could be cured through prayer. 112 00:07:51,040 --> 00:07:55,000 Speaker 1: She also expounded on the concept of animal magnetism, writing 113 00:07:55,040 --> 00:08:00,280 Speaker 1: the following. Animal magnetism or hypnotism is the specific term 114 00:08:00,320 --> 00:08:03,679 Speaker 1: for error or mortal mind. It is the false belief 115 00:08:03,800 --> 00:08:07,040 Speaker 1: that mind is in matter and is both evil and good, 116 00:08:07,480 --> 00:08:10,080 Speaker 1: that evil is as real as good and more powerful. 117 00:08:10,720 --> 00:08:13,520 Speaker 1: This belief has not one quality of truth. It is 118 00:08:13,560 --> 00:08:17,760 Speaker 1: either ignorant or malicious. The malicious form of hypnotism ultimates 119 00:08:17,800 --> 00:08:22,360 Speaker 1: in moral idiocy. Daniel Spofford was one of Eddie's early students. 120 00:08:22,840 --> 00:08:26,440 Speaker 1: Spofford opened up a practice in metaphysical healing in eighteen 121 00:08:26,480 --> 00:08:30,880 Speaker 1: seventy five and began calling himself Doctor Spofford. He even 122 00:08:30,920 --> 00:08:35,600 Speaker 1: introduced Mary to her future husband, Asa Gilbert Eddie. Mary 123 00:08:35,600 --> 00:08:39,040 Speaker 1: and Asa got married in eighteen seventy seven, but Mary 124 00:08:39,040 --> 00:08:42,640 Speaker 1: and Spofford eventually had a falling out. She expelled him 125 00:08:42,679 --> 00:08:47,080 Speaker 1: from the Christian Scientists Association for alleged immorality. She even 126 00:08:47,120 --> 00:08:50,719 Speaker 1: filed a suit against him for violating his contractual obligations. 127 00:08:51,200 --> 00:08:55,520 Speaker 1: Though the case was dismissed, Mary was litigious, and she 128 00:08:55,600 --> 00:08:59,520 Speaker 1: sued some of her other students for unpaid tuition. Then 129 00:08:59,559 --> 00:09:03,400 Speaker 1: there was Christia Brown, a woman who lived in Ipswich, Massachusetts, 130 00:09:03,600 --> 00:09:06,840 Speaker 1: a town about thirteen miles or twenty one kilometers away 131 00:09:06,840 --> 00:09:10,240 Speaker 1: from Salem. She had a spinal injury that Dorcas Rawson 132 00:09:10,400 --> 00:09:14,840 Speaker 1: supposedly healed through Christian science, but Brown had a suppose 133 00:09:14,920 --> 00:09:18,240 Speaker 1: it relapse when she was under Rawson's spiritual treatment, so 134 00:09:18,400 --> 00:09:22,559 Speaker 1: Rawson went to Eddie for help. Eddie blamed Brown's condition 135 00:09:22,600 --> 00:09:26,680 Speaker 1: on Spofford, who had recently visited Brown. Eddie claimed that 136 00:09:26,720 --> 00:09:30,680 Speaker 1: Spofford was using mesmerism to harm Brown. She got twelve 137 00:09:30,720 --> 00:09:34,440 Speaker 1: students from the Christian Scientists Association to take two hours 138 00:09:34,480 --> 00:09:37,800 Speaker 1: each to focus their mental energy on keeping Spofford from 139 00:09:37,800 --> 00:09:41,640 Speaker 1: practicing his mes married powers over his students and patients. 140 00:09:42,440 --> 00:09:45,000 Speaker 1: Some scholars have suggested that Eddie may have been more 141 00:09:45,080 --> 00:09:48,640 Speaker 1: invested in bringing a suit than Brown was. It's been 142 00:09:48,679 --> 00:09:51,720 Speaker 1: alleged that she drew up the complaint against Spafford herself 143 00:09:52,040 --> 00:09:54,400 Speaker 1: and petitioned the court to keep him from using his 144 00:09:54,480 --> 00:09:57,800 Speaker 1: mesmerism against her. The suit was heard in the Supreme 145 00:09:57,880 --> 00:10:01,480 Speaker 1: Judicial Court in Salem one May for eighteenth, eighteen seventy eight. 146 00:10:02,160 --> 00:10:06,079 Speaker 1: She and around twenty other witnesses showed up to testify 147 00:10:06,160 --> 00:10:09,960 Speaker 1: against Spofford. The judge was Horace Gray. The bill of 148 00:10:10,000 --> 00:10:14,240 Speaker 1: complaints said the following in part, Daniel H. Spofford has, 149 00:10:14,320 --> 00:10:17,920 Speaker 1: at diverse times and places, since the year eighteen hundred 150 00:10:17,920 --> 00:10:21,960 Speaker 1: and seventy five, wrongfully and maliciously, and with intent to 151 00:10:21,960 --> 00:10:25,040 Speaker 1: injure the plaintiff, caused the plaintiff, by means of his 152 00:10:25,160 --> 00:10:28,679 Speaker 1: said power and art, great suffering of body and mind 153 00:10:28,800 --> 00:10:33,079 Speaker 1: in severe spinal pains, in neuralgia and a temporary suspension 154 00:10:33,120 --> 00:10:36,720 Speaker 1: of mind, and still continues to cause the plaintiff the same. 155 00:10:37,880 --> 00:10:39,760 Speaker 1: The judge called for a hearing of the case on 156 00:10:39,800 --> 00:10:44,080 Speaker 1: May seventeenth, and Spofford was ordered to appear. Then. The 157 00:10:44,120 --> 00:10:47,320 Speaker 1: case garnered attention from the press. A crowd gathered at 158 00:10:47,320 --> 00:10:51,400 Speaker 1: the courthouse that day, but Spofford did not appear. His 159 00:10:51,440 --> 00:10:55,199 Speaker 1: attorney filed a demur and the judge sustained it, saying 160 00:10:55,200 --> 00:10:58,080 Speaker 1: that the case wasn't in the court's jurisdiction and that 161 00:10:58,200 --> 00:11:01,240 Speaker 1: it had no power to control spot first mind. The 162 00:11:01,360 --> 00:11:05,080 Speaker 1: judge dismissed the case. The ruling was appealed, but the 163 00:11:05,120 --> 00:11:08,840 Speaker 1: appeal was waived. Eddie drew a lot of criticism for 164 00:11:08,840 --> 00:11:12,080 Speaker 1: the case. Her scandals continued to garner attention, and she 165 00:11:12,120 --> 00:11:17,440 Speaker 1: continued to blame illnesses on the influence of malicious animal magnetism. Still, 166 00:11:17,559 --> 00:11:21,120 Speaker 1: the Church of Christ Scientist was founded in eighteen seventy nine, 167 00:11:21,440 --> 00:11:26,280 Speaker 1: and the religion gained more followers. The eight trial is 168 00:11:26,360 --> 00:11:30,680 Speaker 1: now considered the last witchcraft trial in the US. I'm 169 00:11:30,679 --> 00:11:33,360 Speaker 1: Eves Jeff Code and hopefully you know a little more 170 00:11:33,360 --> 00:11:37,680 Speaker 1: about history today than you did yesterday. And if you 171 00:11:37,760 --> 00:11:40,719 Speaker 1: have any suggestions or questions or comments, or just want 172 00:11:40,760 --> 00:11:42,960 Speaker 1: to send a nice note, you can do so to 173 00:11:43,040 --> 00:11:46,319 Speaker 1: our email at this day at i heeart media dot com. 174 00:11:46,360 --> 00:11:48,480 Speaker 1: You can also hit us up on social media where 175 00:11:48,559 --> 00:11:53,400 Speaker 1: at t d i HC podcast on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. 176 00:11:53,440 --> 00:11:55,439 Speaker 1: Thanks again for listening to the show and we'll see 177 00:11:55,480 --> 00:12:09,240 Speaker 1: you tomorrow mm hmm. For more podcasts from I Heeart Radio, 178 00:12:09,360 --> 00:12:11,960 Speaker 1: visit the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you 179 00:12:12,000 --> 00:12:13,120 Speaker 1: listen to your favorite shows.