WEBVTT - Part Three: That Time Britain Did A Genocide in Ireland 0:00:03.080 --> 0:00:10.520 Welcome Behind the Bastards, the podcast about crimes against humanity. 0:00:10.600 --> 0:00:15.040 I'm legally distinct from that mouse. I had to do it. 0:00:15.840 --> 0:00:17.920 I hated it when you did it off, Mike and 0:00:17.960 --> 0:00:20.680 you were just like making a joke to proper about 0:00:20.960 --> 0:00:25.279 news we need it. I really hated it. And like, 0:00:25.400 --> 0:00:27.280 I don't think you sound like the mouse that you're 0:00:27.280 --> 0:00:30.600 trying to take. I think you sound like, uh, he 0:00:30.760 --> 0:00:34.760 sounds like Donald Glover in that episode of Atlanta when 0:00:34.760 --> 0:00:39.280 he when he's not Michael Jackson. Michael jacks Ye oh 0:00:39.360 --> 0:00:43.199 that was that was the episode of that show. Oh wait, wait, 0:00:43.240 --> 0:00:45.160 I'm sorry, I need to go along with the bit. 0:00:46.159 --> 0:00:54.800 Oh god, are you are you doing kit? I'm a mouse? 0:00:54.920 --> 0:00:58.360 Would you like to talk about the starvation genocide of 0:00:58.400 --> 0:01:01.600 an island? Well, if we need to something that the 0:01:01.640 --> 0:01:05.160 creator of this mouse was probably broadly fine with. I 0:01:05.160 --> 0:01:07.240 hope both of you gett made fun of on the internet. 0:01:08.360 --> 0:01:11.360 Here's the thing. I feel like our level of like 0:01:11.840 --> 0:01:14.880 cool can take this sort of hit. I feel like 0:01:14.920 --> 0:01:17.880 it were we we can't be canceled for making Mickey 0:01:17.880 --> 0:01:21.520 Mouse supportive of a genocide. And and I mean Kerman 0:01:21.640 --> 0:01:24.120 is one of the most beloved frogs he is, he's 0:01:24.160 --> 0:01:26.600 a meme. He drinks tea and everyone permit, would never 0:01:26.600 --> 0:01:29.039 support a genocide, not not at all. I mean maybe 0:01:29.080 --> 0:01:31.680 tacit Lee with his tax dollars because he's not really 0:01:31.720 --> 0:01:34.680 a fighter. But we all do right now, and then 0:01:37.560 --> 0:01:39.160 it's not really a bit. It's more of like a 0:01:39.240 --> 0:01:43.520 mediation about the necessity of supporting terrible things just because 0:01:43.640 --> 0:01:47.319 you exist within a society where you don't have total 0:01:47.360 --> 0:01:52.560 control over cannot help the ocean. You can't help the 0:01:52.560 --> 0:01:56.520 ocean from being saltwater. Yeah, those just is Yep, it 0:01:56.640 --> 0:01:59.760 just is. It just doesn't tell you. Yeah, speaking of 0:02:00.000 --> 0:02:03.200 alt water, are you ready to get salty? My god? 0:02:04.600 --> 0:02:07.240 I mean just call me sodium chloride baby. At the 0:02:07.280 --> 0:02:09.839 end of last episode, we talked about Lord Hatesberry, who 0:02:10.040 --> 0:02:12.480 was like, I don't think we know if his famine 0:02:12.520 --> 0:02:14.200 thing is going to be a real problem yet, let's 0:02:14.240 --> 0:02:19.120 she pulled off name on the nose. Now we're gonna 0:02:19.160 --> 0:02:22.240 have another guy with a really horrible name. But he's 0:02:22.320 --> 0:02:27.160 he's he's actually kind of chill, kind of cool. He's 0:02:27.200 --> 0:02:31.000 not one of the real problems here, um, because there are, 0:02:31.160 --> 0:02:36.720 it's worth noting. While overwhelmingly the English government allowed this 0:02:36.760 --> 0:02:39.760 to happen and in many cases directly enabled the deaths 0:02:39.800 --> 0:02:42.600 that are coming. Uh. There were people who were had 0:02:42.600 --> 0:02:44.919 prominence in the government, like O'Connell that we've talked about, 0:02:44.960 --> 0:02:48.000 but also folks who were English who tried very hard 0:02:48.080 --> 0:02:50.840 to do something, and one of them was the unfortunately 0:02:50.960 --> 0:02:55.280 named Sir Edward pine Coffin. Um, it doesn't seem like 0:02:55.360 --> 0:02:57.160 the kind of guy who's going to try to help, 0:02:57.280 --> 0:03:02.720 but Pine Coffin Edward pinecof And it spelled like, Okay, listen, 0:03:02.760 --> 0:03:06.040 we're in a simulation. Bro, I'm Jina corps box. That's 0:03:06.080 --> 0:03:09.840 his American cousin. Yeah, we're in a simulation because like 0:03:09.919 --> 0:03:12.880 somebody wrote that script this well, yeah, one of the 0:03:12.880 --> 0:03:16.480 fun things is actually in terms of coffins. So one 0:03:16.520 --> 0:03:18.480 of the reasons you would want to go to like 0:03:18.560 --> 0:03:20.639 a workhouse, and we'll talk about these more later, but 0:03:20.680 --> 0:03:23.480 these are like the places poor people go well during 0:03:23.520 --> 0:03:25.720 the worst parts of the famine is that when you die, 0:03:26.000 --> 0:03:29.239 you get a coffin, which you can't you can't afford 0:03:29.320 --> 0:03:32.480 otherwise right there, you can't get that. That's good, so 0:03:32.520 --> 0:03:34.880 you get a box, but also you don't because they 0:03:34.920 --> 0:03:36.800 just put you in the common in the coffin long 0:03:36.920 --> 0:03:38.280 enough to take you to the mass grave and then 0:03:38.280 --> 0:03:42.720 they dump you in. Oh my god, they yo that 0:03:42.880 --> 0:03:45.440 steering wheel just jerk to them. You got me in. 0:03:45.680 --> 0:03:47.480 I was like, okay, well at least you get a 0:03:47.680 --> 0:03:50.280 oh wait near man. And one of the things. So 0:03:50.360 --> 0:03:53.360 with these mass graves, a decent number of people get 0:03:53.400 --> 0:03:56.280 buried alive, which is the thing that always happens in 0:03:56.280 --> 0:03:57.880 mass graves. You find a lot of stories like that 0:03:57.920 --> 0:03:59.960 from the Holocaust. One of the differences in when they 0:04:00.120 --> 0:04:03.280 realize someone is alive in the mass grave here they 0:04:03.320 --> 0:04:05.600 do try to rescue, trying to get him out, as 0:04:05.600 --> 0:04:08.120 opposed to like just shooting them more, which is what 0:04:08.160 --> 0:04:12.280 the Nazis did. So I guess that's a marketing British Empires. No, 0:04:12.400 --> 0:04:19.720 it's not. Yeah, um so. Edward Pinecoffin is the Deputy 0:04:20.120 --> 0:04:23.640 uh Commissioner of the government relief agency responsible for Ireland. 0:04:24.160 --> 0:04:27.200 Scotland's potato crop had failed. Because again, this potato failure, 0:04:27.240 --> 0:04:29.680 this is part of why people again reject calling it 0:04:29.760 --> 0:04:33.080 the potato famine. There are failures of potato crops all 0:04:33.120 --> 0:04:37.960 throughout Europe. It happens everywhere. The starvation happens in Ireland. 0:04:38.520 --> 0:04:43.159 Um So, when Scotland's potato crop fails, Pine Coffin commandeers 0:04:43.200 --> 0:04:46.680 a warship, fills it with food uh and sails around 0:04:46.720 --> 0:04:50.400 the coast of Scotland, distributing it in starving villages. And 0:04:50.440 --> 0:04:52.880 he tries to do the same thing in Ireland, but 0:04:53.000 --> 0:04:56.520 Trevillian stops him because Travillion is the guy who controls 0:04:56.520 --> 0:04:58.520 the purse drinks. So pine Coffin can't spend the money 0:04:58.600 --> 0:05:00.839 he needs to fill these boats up with food without 0:05:00.839 --> 0:05:04.000 Travali and say ahead. And while everybody's fine with that 0:05:04.040 --> 0:05:07.919 food with money getting spent on the Scottish uh, Travillians 0:05:07.960 --> 0:05:12.000 like not these people? Though not these what's the difference? 0:05:13.040 --> 0:05:17.359 So pine Coffin has to watch helpless and pretty enraged 0:05:17.400 --> 0:05:21.200 as like he's unable to take ships and food to Ireland. 0:05:21.480 --> 0:05:24.320 But he keeps watching these ships filled with food depart 0:05:24.360 --> 0:05:29.000 and increasingly starved island. Um So people begin dying heavily 0:05:29.120 --> 0:05:32.000 in eighteen forty six, But before they a lot of 0:05:32.000 --> 0:05:35.000 them are forced to make the decision do we spend 0:05:35.040 --> 0:05:38.479 because we did have crops right which we can either 0:05:38.640 --> 0:05:42.000 sell to pay our rent or we can eat. But 0:05:42.120 --> 0:05:44.760 if we eat the food, that we have, then we 0:05:44.839 --> 0:05:48.000 can't pay rent and we will get evicted right now. 0:05:48.839 --> 0:05:50.320 I don't know if you know this. Bet Ireland prop 0:05:50.720 --> 0:05:53.719 pretty wet. They're warm, not a warm part of the world, 0:05:53.800 --> 0:05:58.000 not famous for its balmy weather. Um. Even in the summer, 0:05:58.200 --> 0:06:01.440 it can be quite rough at night for people like it, 0:06:01.600 --> 0:06:04.520 and especially during the fall and winter it gets very 0:06:04.520 --> 0:06:06.640 cold and it's very wet. And by the way, these 0:06:06.640 --> 0:06:08.720 people are so poor they don't have like like they 0:06:08.720 --> 0:06:12.479 don't own jackets. Oftentimes they have sold basically there are 0:06:12.720 --> 0:06:16.360 people sold everything, partly naked because they have sold anything 0:06:16.440 --> 0:06:18.400 they have that could possibly be a value to try 0:06:18.400 --> 0:06:23.000 to feed their children. So not without being indoors, people 0:06:23.040 --> 0:06:26.760 will die UM. And if they don't sell their food 0:06:27.040 --> 0:06:29.480 and turn it into rent money, they're gonna get kicked 0:06:29.480 --> 0:06:33.359 out and be in just like wandering the countryside and 0:06:33.400 --> 0:06:37.400 they will starve to death or die of of um exposure. UM. 0:06:37.440 --> 0:06:39.960 Being evicted is basically a death sentence for a lot 0:06:40.000 --> 0:06:43.640 of people UM and this happens on a massive scale. 0:06:43.760 --> 0:06:49.159 Whole villages are depopulated and sent just wandering muddy pathways 0:06:49.200 --> 0:06:52.080 in the countryside, begging for help that often did not come, 0:06:52.440 --> 0:06:56.320 and people begin to die in their thousands. Entire communities starve, 0:06:56.560 --> 0:07:00.920 basically like kicked out of their homes. Um. Now, one 0:07:00.960 --> 0:07:04.280 of the few options for sucker were the so called workhouses. 0:07:04.440 --> 0:07:07.480 These were operated by local landlords. And again we've been 0:07:07.520 --> 0:07:10.520 talking again. This is one of those situations where broadly speaking, 0:07:10.880 --> 0:07:13.800 the landlords are the problem. There are individual landlords who 0:07:13.880 --> 0:07:16.160 do do things like don't you don't have to pay rent? 0:07:16.280 --> 0:07:19.040 You know, and you can find I would spend more 0:07:19.080 --> 0:07:20.840 time reading their stories, but I'm worried it would kind 0:07:20.840 --> 0:07:22.560 of take away from the people who are monsters. But 0:07:22.600 --> 0:07:25.840 there are and and to his credit, Um Coogan, who's 0:07:25.880 --> 0:07:28.520 the historian that's the major source for this, goes into 0:07:28.560 --> 0:07:32.360 some detail. There are individual like landlords who do take 0:07:32.520 --> 0:07:35.440 very reasonable steps to preserve life and put their profits. 0:07:35.440 --> 0:07:37.840 And that is a thing that happens. And Um, it's 0:07:37.880 --> 0:07:41.240 worth acknowledging that, not partly because it condemns the people 0:07:41.280 --> 0:07:43.440 who don't do that. More it is not like every 0:07:43.520 --> 0:07:45.840 landlord doesn't do the same thing. Some of them help, 0:07:45.960 --> 0:07:49.320 you know. Um, And it's one of those things. Also 0:07:49.360 --> 0:07:53.080 in terms of things we can criticize Peel for um, 0:07:53.120 --> 0:07:55.600 even though he is probably the best politician of his 0:07:55.640 --> 0:07:57.559 day in terms of famine relief, who has any power? 0:07:58.080 --> 0:08:01.480 Peel is adamant that local landlord should be the ones 0:08:01.720 --> 0:08:05.080 dealing with the famine problem. It should be up to them, 0:08:05.240 --> 0:08:08.200 right um. And this quote from Coogan's book makes it 0:08:08.240 --> 0:08:11.080 clear how badly the situation tended to work, because you 0:08:11.160 --> 0:08:16.840 have these kind of local landlords who are managing these workhouses. Quote. 0:08:17.280 --> 0:08:19.600 A workhouse was built on the Martin estate at Clifton 0:08:19.680 --> 0:08:22.520 and County Galway. Martin was an eccentric figure known for 0:08:22.560 --> 0:08:25.120 his gambling, for his fearsome prowess as a duellist, and 0:08:25.160 --> 0:08:27.840 for his kindness to animals, which led him to found 0:08:27.880 --> 0:08:30.560 the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals 0:08:30.680 --> 0:08:35.560 and to be nicknamed Humanity Dick. Oh my god, hold 0:08:35.559 --> 0:08:39.880 onto that for a second, Martin. Listen, we're in a simulation. 0:08:40.520 --> 0:08:43.440 Somebody like you got a problem with humanity Dick. I 0:08:43.440 --> 0:08:49.280 I don't, I just I again this story we really 0:08:49.320 --> 0:08:53.440 need to go back to like the editor names, keep 0:08:53.520 --> 0:08:58.800 telling the story. Both your names are spoiler alerts, like okay, 0:08:59.120 --> 0:09:03.680 Sanity Dick. Humanity Dick lived in splendor at Balinahinch Castle 0:09:03.800 --> 0:09:06.520 on a huge estate, comprising some two hundred thousand acres 0:09:06.520 --> 0:09:09.480 and including parts of Mayo and most of Connemara, that 0:09:09.559 --> 0:09:13.280 incredibly beautiful but barren area of County Galway, stretching westward 0:09:13.280 --> 0:09:16.439 from Galway City along Galway Bay, skirting the coastline until 0:09:16.440 --> 0:09:19.320 it reaches the open Atlantic. A workhouse was built on 0:09:19.360 --> 0:09:21.760 the estate at Clifton, even though it was notorious for 0:09:21.800 --> 0:09:25.120 being crippled by debts, mainly through Martin's gambling. The King 0:09:25.160 --> 0:09:27.679 of Kunamara, as he was referred to in Ireland, had 0:09:27.760 --> 0:09:30.520 had to flee the country several years earlier upon losing 0:09:30.520 --> 0:09:33.560 his parliamentary immunity. On his death in eighteen thirty four, 0:09:33.640 --> 0:09:36.679 his son Thomas became his heir. During the famine, Thomas 0:09:36.720 --> 0:09:39.840 died from a fever contracted while inspecting the awful conditions 0:09:39.840 --> 0:09:42.400 in the overcrowded workhouse, which could not cope with the 0:09:42.440 --> 0:09:45.360 demands placed upon it. The workhouse went bankrupt and had 0:09:45.400 --> 0:09:48.560 to close, with catastrophic results for its inmates, Clifton and 0:09:48.640 --> 0:09:52.160 its environs. The Martin estate was subsequently put up for auction, 0:09:52.200 --> 0:09:55.079 and one of its principal attractions, as cited by the auctioneers, 0:09:55.400 --> 0:09:57.000 was the fact that none of the tenants who had 0:09:57.000 --> 0:09:59.720 lived on the estate before the famine lived there any 0:09:59.760 --> 0:10:03.160 long grew. Given the population density peraker at the time, 0:10:03.360 --> 0:10:05.439 this could have indicated a death toll of some two 0:10:05.840 --> 0:10:09.920 thousand people. So because this family of rich people goes bankrupt, 0:10:10.559 --> 0:10:15.280 there is no help and potentially two people starved to death. 0:10:15.440 --> 0:10:18.400 And what's this area alone? What do you do in 0:10:18.440 --> 0:10:22.120 a workhouse? Is it like it's just called workhouse? Yeah, 0:10:22.120 --> 0:10:25.559 I mean you there, there's basically you receive a small 0:10:25.720 --> 0:10:29.360 amount of food, um, and you do you work like. 0:10:29.440 --> 0:10:31.400 There's different kind of things they have you do. Some 0:10:31.480 --> 0:10:33.200 of these people are like the ones who are digging, 0:10:33.200 --> 0:10:35.400 these who are building these roads to nowhere and ship like. 0:10:35.400 --> 0:10:37.680 There's a variety of things that they might have you do. 0:10:38.200 --> 0:10:40.360 But they're also not A ton of people can fit 0:10:40.400 --> 0:10:42.520 in these workhouses. They are the difference between life and 0:10:42.559 --> 0:10:44.880 death for some people. But the fact that they are 0:10:45.400 --> 0:10:50.960 they're not funded by the imperial government and out of 0:10:51.200 --> 0:10:54.520 by these local landlords, which means if your landlords doing good, 0:10:54.559 --> 0:10:57.640 and if he's someone who's financially responsible, maybe your workhouse 0:10:58.000 --> 0:11:02.880 is a lifeline. But in amara this family are because 0:11:02.880 --> 0:11:05.520 of their gambling debts, like loses everything, and that means 0:11:05.520 --> 0:11:08.280 there's just there's no fucking help for these people. And yeah, 0:11:08.360 --> 0:11:12.920 like two people starved to death. Um, yeah, it's a problem. 0:11:12.960 --> 0:11:15.079 That's not good. That's that's a lot of people to 0:11:15.120 --> 0:11:19.200 starve to death. Um. Maybe the biggest consequence of a 0:11:19.240 --> 0:11:23.240 gambling addiction that we've run across on this show. Pretty 0:11:23.320 --> 0:11:26.240 up there, it's pretty up there. Yeah, humanity dick. If 0:11:26.240 --> 0:11:31.400 only he'd had some help, Um, humanity dick. So this 0:11:31.480 --> 0:11:34.280 brings what an incredible name, And this brings us to 0:11:34.320 --> 0:11:37.360 a particularly horrifying fact, which is, again, the failure of 0:11:37.360 --> 0:11:40.920 the potato crop was not the biggest part of the famine. 0:11:41.320 --> 0:11:46.080 The massivevictions of Irish tenants by landlords killed most like 0:11:46.200 --> 0:11:49.720 at least as many people, if not many more people. Um. 0:11:49.760 --> 0:11:51.959 And here's the thing we've been focusing mostly on, Like, 0:11:52.200 --> 0:11:55.280 because the crops fail, like they have to either buy 0:11:55.280 --> 0:11:56.920 food or they can't pay their rent, Like a whole 0:11:56.920 --> 0:11:59.000 bunch of things happened. Ship gets too expensive, they can't 0:11:59.000 --> 0:12:01.120 afford their rent, and they get have died. Right, that's 0:12:01.440 --> 0:12:04.240 the most obvious way for this to happen. That's not 0:12:04.280 --> 0:12:07.880 the only reason evictions happen. So you know how Instagram 0:12:07.920 --> 0:12:11.240 works in what way you know, how like there's there's 0:12:11.280 --> 0:12:13.920 someone will like decide to paint their nails in like 0:12:13.960 --> 0:12:16.160 a certain very elaborate way and do a video on it, 0:12:16.200 --> 0:12:17.880 and suddenly that will go huge, and then like there's 0:12:17.880 --> 0:12:19.680 a bunch of videos like that. You know that that 0:12:19.800 --> 0:12:23.319 kind of thing works like trends, you know, such just Instagram, 0:12:23.320 --> 0:12:25.800 but like things get popular and then everybody wants to 0:12:25.800 --> 0:12:28.280 do a version of that same thing. Well, that kind 0:12:28.280 --> 0:12:31.680 of happens with rich landlords and a thing called high farming. 0:12:32.400 --> 0:12:37.000 High farming, yeah, which is basically like clearing areas of 0:12:37.240 --> 0:12:39.400 agriculture in the way that it had been done in 0:12:39.480 --> 0:12:42.560 order to make more room for to gray sheep in 0:12:42.640 --> 0:12:45.679 order to like raise a bunch of sheep. Basically, so 0:12:45.720 --> 0:12:49.640 all these landlords their friends start doing this um and 0:12:50.480 --> 0:12:52.360 the problem is that, like, if you want to clear 0:12:52.679 --> 0:12:54.840 all of your land to gray sheep, to to be 0:12:54.960 --> 0:12:57.120 hip and cool and get into this neat new farming 0:12:57.160 --> 0:12:58.880 thing that all your friends are doing, well, there's like 0:12:58.920 --> 0:13:01.400 there's like people there, right, there's people that live on 0:13:01.440 --> 0:13:03.560 his land. There's like there's like tens of thousands, maybe 0:13:03.600 --> 0:13:05.520 hundreds of thousands of people living on that land, but 0:13:05.559 --> 0:13:07.280 it is your land and you have the right to 0:13:07.320 --> 0:13:10.280 evict him at any moment. So you wanna get up 0:13:10.320 --> 0:13:13.080 on this trend, what do you do? Victim people? You 0:13:13.080 --> 0:13:16.720 give victim all. This is what happens because it's not 0:13:16.800 --> 0:13:18.760 like we can grow crops, well, no, you want to 0:13:18.840 --> 0:13:21.960 you it's time for sheep. She was gonna say, and yeah, 0:13:22.000 --> 0:13:25.000 that's like, that's so, that's so we've done crops. That's yeah, 0:13:25.040 --> 0:13:27.480 that's that's last. Everybody does crops. I want to do sheet. 0:13:28.160 --> 0:13:31.840 So Lord Lord Luken evicts four hundred families and his 0:13:31.920 --> 0:13:36.800 mayo estates during like the rising peak of the famine 0:13:36.840 --> 0:13:40.040 in order to clear get grazing area for sheep um. 0:13:40.120 --> 0:13:42.720 And again this is because this has gotten like really 0:13:42.760 --> 0:13:46.280 popular from the aristocraphy, from the aristocracy, and so a 0:13:46.320 --> 0:13:48.680 lot of these rich people start getting into sheep farming 0:13:48.720 --> 0:13:52.880 and evicting whole village. These are ethnic cleansings. They are 0:13:53.000 --> 0:13:57.240 cleansing an area of its indigenous population. Where do they 0:13:57.640 --> 0:14:00.880 and where do you expect them to go? They're just 0:14:00.920 --> 0:14:03.640 gonna yeah, not, why would it be your problem. It's 0:14:03.640 --> 0:14:05.240 your land. You can have them leave if you want, 0:14:05.320 --> 0:14:08.120 you know, they don't like. That's not that's not on you. 0:14:08.880 --> 0:14:13.719 Yeah cost him. There's more money and because and even you, 0:14:14.720 --> 0:14:17.120 you can't feed yourself anymore. So yeah, so I might 0:14:17.120 --> 0:14:18.840 as well kick you off and try this new thing, 0:14:18.880 --> 0:14:20.560 and that way I can be cool like my friends. 0:14:20.760 --> 0:14:25.120 So it is proper hard to exaggerate how enraging some 0:14:25.200 --> 0:14:28.000 of these stories can be. Oh my god. The village 0:14:28.000 --> 0:14:31.280 of balin Glass was a fairly rare find in Ireland. 0:14:31.320 --> 0:14:33.560 The people there had been allowed by their landlady to 0:14:33.680 --> 0:14:36.680 improve their land um, and they had created a very 0:14:36.760 --> 0:14:39.760 prosperous community. Um. So prosperous in fact that they all 0:14:39.800 --> 0:14:42.360 lived in stone houses, which was very rare at the time. 0:14:42.400 --> 0:14:44.160 I think there were sixty one families, so a few 0:14:44.240 --> 0:14:47.400 hundred people. So after years of clearing bog land and 0:14:47.440 --> 0:14:49.720 improving their land in order to make it more productive, 0:14:49.920 --> 0:14:52.400 improvements which probably would have allowed them to survive the 0:14:52.400 --> 0:14:54.240 famine because they've done it, they've been able to do 0:14:54.440 --> 0:14:58.120 a really good job of improving things. Suddenly their landlady, 0:14:58.240 --> 0:15:01.160 Miss Gerard, decides she wants to get into high farming, 0:15:01.360 --> 0:15:04.000 so she evicts them all um kicks him ride out, 0:15:04.080 --> 0:15:06.000 kicks him ride out and I'm gonna quote from the 0:15:06.000 --> 0:15:09.480 Famine plot here. On the morning of March forty six, 0:15:09.520 --> 0:15:11.760 an attachment of troops and police showed up to eject 0:15:11.840 --> 0:15:14.320 the people from their homes. Their belongings were thrown out 0:15:14.360 --> 0:15:16.800 and the roofs of their houses tumbled. It was made 0:15:16.840 --> 0:15:18.840 clear to the people in surrounding areas that if they 0:15:18.840 --> 0:15:20.800 took in the e vict s, they would suffer the 0:15:20.840 --> 0:15:23.640 same fate, and so the evicted people passed from door 0:15:23.640 --> 0:15:27.480 to door vainly seeking shelter. In desperation, they erected temporary 0:15:27.480 --> 0:15:30.000 shelters and ditches, or constructed what would become a common 0:15:30.040 --> 0:15:34.320 sight that year across the Irish countryside scalps. These considered 0:15:34.360 --> 0:15:37.160 consisted either of poles covered by sods that were stretched 0:15:37.160 --> 0:15:39.920 across a ditch, or, if the ditches were filled with water, 0:15:40.000 --> 0:15:42.520 as they frequently were, they simply dug a hole in 0:15:42.560 --> 0:15:44.800 the ground or in the shelter end of a gable 0:15:45.040 --> 0:15:47.880 and their tumbled house, and covered this with sticks and sods, 0:15:47.920 --> 0:15:50.480 but in balin glasses elsewhere. The bailiffs returned in the 0:15:50.560 --> 0:15:53.520 days following the evictions to destroy the scalps and move 0:15:53.600 --> 0:15:57.200 people out of the landlord's land. So again when they 0:15:57.280 --> 0:16:02.240 say tumbling, they in order to stop anyone from reoccupying 0:16:02.280 --> 0:16:06.160 a house, they destroy the roof, just the roof, that's all. 0:16:06.960 --> 0:16:09.000 Then then it'll rain in there and people can't stay, 0:16:09.040 --> 0:16:12.040 can't keep a fire going, I won't keep you warm, right, Okay, 0:16:12.080 --> 0:16:18.120 so you're so you're so efficient at evil, but like 0:16:19.160 --> 0:16:23.480 you're all thumbs on doing anything decent like that is 0:16:23.600 --> 0:16:28.480 like you just saying, well, you said there're stone houses, 0:16:29.000 --> 0:16:33.120 so it would be a lot more effort or work, 0:16:33.200 --> 0:16:36.000 so it's more efficient to just let the rain do 0:16:36.080 --> 0:16:39.400 the work. I'll just knock the roof down. So so 0:16:39.480 --> 0:16:45.000 you can think, yeah, that's that is that is in 0:16:45.160 --> 0:16:48.200 the most perverse way, the shortest distance between two points, 0:16:48.320 --> 0:16:51.560 like yeah, yeah, it makes perfect sense. It makes perfect sense. 0:16:53.040 --> 0:16:56.200 And if y'all could not figure out how to not 0:16:56.440 --> 0:17:01.600 have how to not have your people start are okay? Yeah, 0:17:01.640 --> 0:17:05.000 I mean I think a lot reading this about. I 0:17:05.040 --> 0:17:07.960 spent a lot of time because Portland has a substantial 0:17:08.000 --> 0:17:11.520 population of unhoused people in and around just as part 0:17:11.560 --> 0:17:14.359 of my daily life. Encampments and a lot of them 0:17:14.400 --> 0:17:16.960 sound very familiar in that because it's also very rainy here, 0:17:17.320 --> 0:17:19.160 you will have people who will like kind of set 0:17:19.280 --> 0:17:22.760 up lean to type structures that are partly in ditches 0:17:22.760 --> 0:17:24.679 because it provides some shelter from the wind. But then 0:17:24.720 --> 0:17:27.920 when it rains, they flood right. Um, And no matter 0:17:27.960 --> 0:17:29.680 what people do, the cops are going to come by 0:17:29.720 --> 0:17:32.399 periodically and sweep them out. And so oftentimes they'll do 0:17:32.440 --> 0:17:34.679 it right before a storm or right before you know, 0:17:35.160 --> 0:17:39.199 the temperature drops and ship. Um you know that. I 0:17:39.200 --> 0:17:41.800 mean they're literally sending cops to kick people out of there, 0:17:41.840 --> 0:17:44.440 like crumbled down houses and knocked down with little shelters 0:17:44.440 --> 0:17:47.600 they've been able to make. Um yo, it's not even 0:17:47.640 --> 0:17:51.639 a house. Yeah, Like, come on, guys, this is an 0:17:51.640 --> 0:17:55.280 eviction genocide, which I don't know that I've heard about before. 0:17:55.720 --> 0:17:59.240 That's what's happening here. So back in Merry Old angel And, 0:17:59.480 --> 0:18:01.840 the suffering of the Irish was often caused for mockery 0:18:01.880 --> 0:18:04.840 in the press. That same year, the economist magazine Yeah 0:18:04.840 --> 0:18:08.399 that one, the one that's still around, alleged that Irish 0:18:08.440 --> 0:18:11.560 suffering had been quote brought on by their own wickedness 0:18:11.560 --> 0:18:15.920 and folly. The Times, Yeah baby, yeah, the economist there 0:18:15.920 --> 0:18:18.800 it is good job economists. Hey, don't worry, there's other 0:18:18.840 --> 0:18:21.480 people we know who we're talking In this period of time, 0:18:21.520 --> 0:18:25.040 The Times of London, which also exists today, published articles 0:18:25.080 --> 0:18:28.600 on Ireland every single day. Its message was dizzying Lee 0:18:28.720 --> 0:18:32.520 consistent the Imperial Government should not spend money on Irish 0:18:32.520 --> 0:18:35.280 relief and I'm gonna quote from RTE here. The worst 0:18:35.320 --> 0:18:37.879 famine in a century was depicted as an extension of normal, 0:18:37.960 --> 0:18:41.639 recurring events, and the newspaper consistently complained about the financial 0:18:41.640 --> 0:18:44.040 burdens forced on British workers for the sake of the 0:18:44.080 --> 0:18:48.439 starving Irish. On fifteen September eighteen forty six, it's editorial declared, 0:18:48.920 --> 0:18:51.720 it appears to us at the very first important to 0:18:51.800 --> 0:18:54.480 all classes of Irish society is to impress on them 0:18:54.520 --> 0:18:57.760 that there is nothing really so peculiar, so exceptional in 0:18:57.800 --> 0:18:59.919 the condition which they look upon as the pit of 0:19:00.080 --> 0:19:04.640 utter despair. It continued, is the English laborer to compensate 0:19:04.680 --> 0:19:07.840 the Irish peasant for the loss of potatoes and secure 0:19:07.920 --> 0:19:11.119 him a regular employer for this next twelve month? Why 0:19:11.280 --> 0:19:14.680 the English laborer isn't just the same case? They were not? 0:19:15.080 --> 0:19:18.479 They were not, They were not? They weren't they sure weren't. 0:19:19.040 --> 0:19:21.959 Um Now, The Times argued that Ireland should pay for 0:19:22.000 --> 0:19:26.399 its own improvement, which you might say, shipping six of 0:19:26.440 --> 0:19:30.320 the food they're out to England in other places is 0:19:30.320 --> 0:19:36.399 paying for y'all either not hearing yourself or know what 0:19:36.480 --> 0:19:38.760 the hell you say it? Well the times his argument 0:19:38.880 --> 0:19:42.359 is that because people were suffering, and because suffering only 0:19:42.400 --> 0:19:44.840 really happens when you are not willing to work to 0:19:44.880 --> 0:19:47.520 make your life better, the fact that things were desperate 0:19:47.520 --> 0:19:49.800 in Ireland, it was an example of quote a case 0:19:49.840 --> 0:19:55.040 of permanent and inveterate national degradation. Yeah, yep, yeah, I 0:19:55.320 --> 0:20:00.960 just like I can't I can't st s enough. How 0:20:01.119 --> 0:20:07.000 in how the same artists it's the like, that's the same, 0:20:07.400 --> 0:20:12.120 it's the same argument. It's the same argument now, and 0:20:12.119 --> 0:20:17.000 and it just and like I'm like, but we can 0:20:17.119 --> 0:20:19.520 all look back at the same we can all rewind 0:20:19.520 --> 0:20:22.119 the tape to the same moment and can see how 0:20:22.240 --> 0:20:25.560 wrong they are for saying that, Like you can see 0:20:26.040 --> 0:20:29.720 that that's not there, that that's your fault, that they 0:20:29.720 --> 0:20:33.880 can't eat you can So how are people still making 0:20:33.960 --> 0:20:40.800 the same argument now about poverty? Yeah, it is the same, 0:20:40.920 --> 0:20:44.399 Like that's the thing. It's not it's what always happens, 0:20:44.840 --> 0:20:47.679 you know, It's this it must be their own fault, 0:20:47.840 --> 0:20:50.440 because if it's not their own fault, and perhaps number one, 0:20:50.440 --> 0:20:52.040 I would have to account for the fact that maybe 0:20:52.040 --> 0:20:55.600 my success and my the things that I enjoy not 0:20:55.800 --> 0:20:59.560 due to me doing anything to earn it. But also 0:20:59.640 --> 0:21:02.000 then perhaps if it's not their fault at all, and 0:21:02.040 --> 0:21:03.440 maybe it is the fault of a system that I 0:21:03.480 --> 0:21:05.840 benefit from, then it is incumbent upon me to make 0:21:05.880 --> 0:21:09.280 some changes. Um. Yes, and there is way harder than 0:21:09.320 --> 0:21:11.600 just writing a column for the Economist, which is why 0:21:11.640 --> 0:21:16.520 people still write so many columns for the Economists. Absolutely absolutely, 0:21:17.280 --> 0:21:19.520 But you're you're nailing on something that I think is like, 0:21:19.920 --> 0:21:21.639 I know, whenever I'm asked to do any sort of 0:21:21.680 --> 0:21:25.560 like d I training, it's that. It's that because if 0:21:25.600 --> 0:21:29.560 you admit that there was somebody suffering from this system unfairly, 0:21:29.840 --> 0:21:33.040 then that means you are unfairly being benefited for you 0:21:33.119 --> 0:21:37.840 And there's nothing special about your little nose you that. Yeah, 0:21:38.440 --> 0:21:40.200 that's not going to be popular to the people who 0:21:40.240 --> 0:21:42.960 read the Times of London, but you know it is 0:21:43.000 --> 0:21:44.959 popular to the people who read the Times of London. 0:21:45.280 --> 0:21:51.000 Every last one of these problems and services massive thing, 0:21:51.080 --> 0:21:54.120 big followings in Europe, you guys may not know about 0:21:54.160 --> 0:22:08.000 it really big, so check it out. Ah, and we're bachman, 0:22:08.359 --> 0:22:12.080 we're back man. So in the winter of eighteen forty seven, 0:22:12.200 --> 0:22:14.720 after this is like the third successive failure of the 0:22:14.760 --> 0:22:18.119 potato crop. Right. The famine had already killed hundreds of 0:22:18.119 --> 0:22:21.399