1 00:00:02,960 --> 00:00:10,840 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff to Blow Your Mind production of iHeartRadio. Hello, 2 00:00:10,880 --> 00:00:14,280 Speaker 1: and welcome to Stuff to Blow Your Mind. Listener mail. 3 00:00:14,640 --> 00:00:18,160 Speaker 1: My name is Joe McCormick. My regular co host Robert 4 00:00:18,200 --> 00:00:21,160 Speaker 1: Lamb is out today. He's feeling a bit under the weather, 5 00:00:21,200 --> 00:00:24,119 Speaker 1: so I'm going to be recording this episode on my own, 6 00:00:24,320 --> 00:00:28,600 Speaker 1: but Rob should be back next time. Let's get right 7 00:00:28,680 --> 00:00:32,800 Speaker 1: onto your messages, and the first message today concerns the 8 00:00:33,000 --> 00:00:37,959 Speaker 1: long running fairy crab mystery. So this is very exciting. 9 00:00:38,320 --> 00:00:40,640 Speaker 1: It goes back to the episodes we did this past 10 00:00:40,760 --> 00:00:45,879 Speaker 1: October on a concept called elf shot, a folk belief 11 00:00:46,000 --> 00:00:50,400 Speaker 1: especially common in the British Isles, that sometimes elves and 12 00:00:50,600 --> 00:00:55,120 Speaker 1: other fairy folk would shoot humans in their livestock with 13 00:00:55,200 --> 00:00:59,440 Speaker 1: invisible arrows or darts, and the wounds caused by these 14 00:00:59,480 --> 00:01:04,760 Speaker 1: magical weapons would be the explanation for otherwise inexplicable pains 15 00:01:04,800 --> 00:01:09,560 Speaker 1: and diseases. So we were reading a paper that collected 16 00:01:09,640 --> 00:01:14,640 Speaker 1: accounts of various folk remedies for healing animals afflicted with 17 00:01:14,680 --> 00:01:18,240 Speaker 1: elf shot, and one of the accounts, this is from 18 00:01:18,280 --> 00:01:21,840 Speaker 1: the Shetland Islands, was just bananas. So I'm going to 19 00:01:21,920 --> 00:01:26,240 Speaker 1: read it again here quote a variant prescription from the 20 00:01:26,319 --> 00:01:31,160 Speaker 1: same area directs the wise woman to take tar, a needle, 21 00:01:31,680 --> 00:01:37,800 Speaker 1: a bible, a firebrand, and some fairy crabs. Waving the 22 00:01:37,840 --> 00:01:41,840 Speaker 1: burning brand, she walked three times wittershians round the cow, 23 00:01:42,360 --> 00:01:45,880 Speaker 1: jabbing the animal with the needle, waving a leaf of 24 00:01:45,920 --> 00:01:50,200 Speaker 1: the Bible over its back, and muttering an incantation. The 25 00:01:50,280 --> 00:01:53,120 Speaker 1: firebrand was placed in a pot of tar and set 26 00:01:53,160 --> 00:01:55,960 Speaker 1: at the cow's head so that the fumes would make 27 00:01:55,960 --> 00:01:59,400 Speaker 1: her cough. She was then given the fairy crabs to 28 00:01:59,600 --> 00:02:03,840 Speaker 1: eat alive. The ashes of the firebrand were later mixed 29 00:02:03,840 --> 00:02:07,440 Speaker 1: with the tar into three pills, which were administered to 30 00:02:07,600 --> 00:02:12,600 Speaker 1: the animal on three successive mornings. That reading is from 31 00:02:12,600 --> 00:02:17,239 Speaker 1: a paper called Elf Shot Cattle by Thomas Davidson, published 32 00:02:17,240 --> 00:02:21,440 Speaker 1: in the Journal Antiquity nineteen fifty six. Now, obviously there 33 00:02:21,560 --> 00:02:24,520 Speaker 1: is a lot going on there. You feel bad for 34 00:02:24,520 --> 00:02:28,200 Speaker 1: the cow, with all the burning firebrands and Bible waving 35 00:02:28,280 --> 00:02:30,480 Speaker 1: and jabbing with the needle, and being forced to eat 36 00:02:30,520 --> 00:02:34,920 Speaker 1: these fairy crabs alive, whatever they are. And so of 37 00:02:34,960 --> 00:02:37,440 Speaker 1: course we were wondering, well what are they? Is the 38 00:02:37,760 --> 00:02:42,359 Speaker 1: fairy crab acute name for some mundane insect or crustacean 39 00:02:43,000 --> 00:02:45,880 Speaker 1: is this some kind of invisible or magical animal that 40 00:02:45,960 --> 00:02:49,120 Speaker 1: the wise woman had to make a pretense of providing 41 00:02:49,639 --> 00:02:52,280 Speaker 1: and we could not figure out an answer in this episode. 42 00:02:52,320 --> 00:02:55,799 Speaker 1: Several listeners since then have tried and failed to figure 43 00:02:55,800 --> 00:02:59,200 Speaker 1: it out. But finally I think Lee has provided what 44 00:02:59,320 --> 00:03:07,640 Speaker 1: looks like the correct answer, So Lee says Rob and Joe. 45 00:03:08,240 --> 00:03:10,920 Speaker 1: In my continued search for fairy crabs, I think I 46 00:03:10,960 --> 00:03:14,359 Speaker 1: may have found something on page one hundred and fifty 47 00:03:14,360 --> 00:03:18,200 Speaker 1: one of Shetland Folklore by John Spence, and this is 48 00:03:18,480 --> 00:03:21,600 Speaker 1: I believe the original source that Davidson is quoting from 49 00:03:22,320 --> 00:03:25,360 Speaker 1: for that story. I found a passage that I believe 50 00:03:25,440 --> 00:03:28,760 Speaker 1: he referred to in the episode earlier. On the same page, 51 00:03:28,800 --> 00:03:32,360 Speaker 1: it says Marens sent the Goodman to the seashore to 52 00:03:32,440 --> 00:03:38,160 Speaker 1: procure three crabs of a kind called kroz loopix. The 53 00:03:38,320 --> 00:03:42,040 Speaker 1: later portion of that passage says presently the old man 54 00:03:42,200 --> 00:03:46,200 Speaker 1: arrives with the fairy crabs, So taking that to mean 55 00:03:46,320 --> 00:03:50,360 Speaker 1: the term fairy crabs applies to a specific type of crab. 56 00:03:50,760 --> 00:03:54,040 Speaker 1: The dictionaries of the Scots language and this is a 57 00:03:54,240 --> 00:04:00,440 Speaker 1: DSL dot ac dot uk points to croz loopix or 58 00:04:00,640 --> 00:04:04,520 Speaker 1: Lupeck quote a kind of heart shaped crab of the 59 00:04:04,600 --> 00:04:08,600 Speaker 1: genus Lithoddy, and Lee goes on to say lithodidy our 60 00:04:08,640 --> 00:04:13,200 Speaker 1: species of king and stone crabs, and then Lee attaches 61 00:04:13,200 --> 00:04:15,560 Speaker 1: a link to a page with photos of a bunch 62 00:04:15,560 --> 00:04:18,359 Speaker 1: of animals from this taxon, and then goes on to 63 00:04:18,400 --> 00:04:20,960 Speaker 1: say the photos show enough of variety for these to 64 00:04:21,080 --> 00:04:23,880 Speaker 1: at least possibly be the fairy crabs referred to. So 65 00:04:24,040 --> 00:04:28,640 Speaker 1: unfortunately just a colloquial term for a local crab. I 66 00:04:28,680 --> 00:04:31,240 Speaker 1: think I can now put this search to rest. Thank 67 00:04:31,279 --> 00:04:33,039 Speaker 1: you for your hard work on the podcast and the 68 00:04:33,080 --> 00:04:37,720 Speaker 1: curiosity and it inspires. Sincerely, Lee Lee. All I can 69 00:04:37,760 --> 00:04:42,279 Speaker 1: say is bravo well done, and I'm not at all 70 00:04:42,360 --> 00:04:46,440 Speaker 1: disappointed that it's just a colloquial term for a local crab. 71 00:04:47,240 --> 00:04:50,320 Speaker 1: Why fairy crabs? Well, I guess this still leaves us curious, 72 00:04:50,320 --> 00:04:53,440 Speaker 1: but maybe that's going to be impossible to answer, all right, 73 00:04:53,480 --> 00:04:54,800 Speaker 1: I think now I'm going to move on to some 74 00:04:54,880 --> 00:05:00,120 Speaker 1: responses to our series on childhood amnesia. This is a 75 00:05:00,120 --> 00:05:03,840 Speaker 1: a series we're doing referring to the reality that most 76 00:05:04,000 --> 00:05:08,760 Speaker 1: adults cannot recall any memories from before the ages of 77 00:05:08,800 --> 00:05:12,400 Speaker 1: about three or four, and that varies somewhat culturally and 78 00:05:12,960 --> 00:05:16,479 Speaker 1: maybe based on some other factors, but it seems fairly 79 00:05:16,520 --> 00:05:20,599 Speaker 1: consistent that somewhere around that age is when memories start 80 00:05:20,720 --> 00:05:24,039 Speaker 1: kicking in, at least memories that persist into later years 81 00:05:24,040 --> 00:05:27,200 Speaker 1: in adulthood. And so the question is why what's going 82 00:05:27,240 --> 00:05:31,000 Speaker 1: on with the memories that we are presumably making before 83 00:05:31,040 --> 00:05:33,480 Speaker 1: that age. If we are making those memories, why do 84 00:05:33,560 --> 00:05:36,599 Speaker 1: they disappear and so forth. Now, one of the things 85 00:05:36,680 --> 00:05:40,320 Speaker 1: we're asking about is, hey, does anybody have memories from 86 00:05:40,360 --> 00:05:44,080 Speaker 1: before this period? Obviously some people do report having earlier memories. 87 00:05:44,080 --> 00:05:46,839 Speaker 1: Some people report even that they can remember being born. 88 00:05:47,200 --> 00:05:51,760 Speaker 1: We expressed some skepticism about whether you can really know 89 00:05:51,839 --> 00:05:54,080 Speaker 1: these are memories or not, or whether they might be 90 00:05:54,160 --> 00:05:57,000 Speaker 1: informed by you know, other people telling you stories and 91 00:05:57,120 --> 00:05:59,800 Speaker 1: things like that, but we at least wanted to hear 92 00:06:00,040 --> 00:06:09,400 Speaker 1: Bo's perspectives, and we heard from Rose So says some 93 00:06:09,520 --> 00:06:13,400 Speaker 1: nice things about the show, and then says regarding infant memory, 94 00:06:13,800 --> 00:06:16,640 Speaker 1: while I have no early narrative memories with a plot 95 00:06:16,720 --> 00:06:21,440 Speaker 1: or story, I have distinct memories of sensory information, especially imagery, 96 00:06:21,880 --> 00:06:26,159 Speaker 1: from very early childhood. My very earliest memory, I was 97 00:06:26,200 --> 00:06:29,440 Speaker 1: in an odd point of view, in my childhood bedroom 98 00:06:29,720 --> 00:06:34,320 Speaker 1: inside the closet, looking up at something red dangling over 99 00:06:34,400 --> 00:06:37,720 Speaker 1: me with little lights. I mentioned this to my mother 100 00:06:37,800 --> 00:06:40,160 Speaker 1: after I was an adult, and she was shocked, as 101 00:06:40,200 --> 00:06:43,520 Speaker 1: apparently for the first several months of my life I 102 00:06:43,560 --> 00:06:46,920 Speaker 1: slept in a dresser drawer in the closet and there 103 00:06:46,960 --> 00:06:50,159 Speaker 1: was a red mobile hanging in the doorway of the 104 00:06:50,200 --> 00:06:53,920 Speaker 1: closet with twinkle lights all around the doorframe. I had 105 00:06:54,000 --> 00:06:56,880 Speaker 1: never been told this. I was estranged from my mother 106 00:06:56,960 --> 00:06:59,599 Speaker 1: for most of my childhood and was only aware of 107 00:06:59,640 --> 00:07:02,640 Speaker 1: having a crib in a different place in the room, 108 00:07:03,120 --> 00:07:05,200 Speaker 1: so I don't think it's one of those memories I 109 00:07:05,279 --> 00:07:08,480 Speaker 1: was told about later and constructed the imagery around it, 110 00:07:08,760 --> 00:07:11,560 Speaker 1: and there were no pictures of this in the family 111 00:07:11,560 --> 00:07:15,720 Speaker 1: photo albums. The other memory was a strong memory of warmth, 112 00:07:15,840 --> 00:07:19,400 Speaker 1: the smell of vinyl and old cigarettes, and touching and 113 00:07:19,440 --> 00:07:22,640 Speaker 1: looking at a very interesting weave of many different colors 114 00:07:22,640 --> 00:07:26,080 Speaker 1: of thread while sitting in a vehicle, but I had 115 00:07:26,120 --> 00:07:29,240 Speaker 1: no idea which one. I mentioned this to my grandmother 116 00:07:29,280 --> 00:07:32,200 Speaker 1: when I was a teenager, curious what vehicle it might 117 00:07:32,200 --> 00:07:35,440 Speaker 1: have been, and she told me that my dad, a smoker, 118 00:07:35,720 --> 00:07:38,040 Speaker 1: had an old truck and the bench seats were a 119 00:07:38,200 --> 00:07:41,600 Speaker 1: rainbow weave, but that he had sold the truck before 120 00:07:41,640 --> 00:07:44,760 Speaker 1: I turned three. My first memories with a story to 121 00:07:44,880 --> 00:07:47,680 Speaker 1: them are big events in my childhood, being in a 122 00:07:47,760 --> 00:07:51,360 Speaker 1: car accident, my mother's car spinning out on an icy 123 00:07:51,400 --> 00:07:56,280 Speaker 1: bridge parentheses separate incidents, and a flood in our house, 124 00:07:56,400 --> 00:07:59,680 Speaker 1: but those were at more like age four. I definitely 125 00:07:59,720 --> 00:08:04,560 Speaker 1: do not remember being born crying laughing emoji. I think 126 00:08:04,600 --> 00:08:08,120 Speaker 1: it's interesting how disconnected those very early memories are from 127 00:08:08,160 --> 00:08:12,480 Speaker 1: any context or story, and how later memories were dramatic events, 128 00:08:12,640 --> 00:08:16,080 Speaker 1: strongly out of the ordinary. Just thought i'd share. Keep 129 00:08:16,160 --> 00:08:21,160 Speaker 1: up the amazing work warmly, Rose. Very interesting. Thank you Rose. Okay. 130 00:08:21,440 --> 00:08:31,280 Speaker 1: Another response to this series, this one from Luke. Luke says, Hey, guys, 131 00:08:31,440 --> 00:08:33,760 Speaker 1: big fan of the show and have been listening for years. 132 00:08:34,120 --> 00:08:36,400 Speaker 1: This is my first time writing in. I wanted to 133 00:08:36,400 --> 00:08:38,760 Speaker 1: share something that my wife and I have discussed a 134 00:08:38,760 --> 00:08:42,080 Speaker 1: lot in recent years concerning our daughter and her affinity 135 00:08:42,600 --> 00:08:46,080 Speaker 1: for home movies. When I was a little kid, my 136 00:08:46,200 --> 00:08:48,760 Speaker 1: mom and dad had one of those huge old school 137 00:08:48,960 --> 00:08:51,480 Speaker 1: video cameras, and I always used to get a kick 138 00:08:51,520 --> 00:08:56,160 Speaker 1: out of making and watching horror movies. However, this wouldn't 139 00:08:56,200 --> 00:08:59,000 Speaker 1: be in everyday occurrence. It would be once in a while, 140 00:08:59,400 --> 00:09:02,160 Speaker 1: once in a while thing, and the videos were limited 141 00:09:02,160 --> 00:09:05,080 Speaker 1: to probably one or two tapes worth. Now that we 142 00:09:05,120 --> 00:09:08,920 Speaker 1: all have high resolution cameras and camcorders in our pockets, 143 00:09:09,200 --> 00:09:12,920 Speaker 1: the ability to document goes up exponentially. My wife and 144 00:09:12,960 --> 00:09:15,800 Speaker 1: I have filmed more videos of our daughter, now three 145 00:09:15,920 --> 00:09:19,000 Speaker 1: years old, than we choose to count. For as long 146 00:09:19,040 --> 00:09:22,400 Speaker 1: as I can remember, our daughter has loved watching videos 147 00:09:22,480 --> 00:09:27,000 Speaker 1: of herself. What started to happen is she would ask us, hey, 148 00:09:27,200 --> 00:09:30,720 Speaker 1: remember that time I did this. The situations that she's 149 00:09:30,800 --> 00:09:34,000 Speaker 1: remembering were way before we would expect that she would 150 00:09:34,040 --> 00:09:37,480 Speaker 1: remember some of them she was a newborn. I'm wondering 151 00:09:37,559 --> 00:09:41,000 Speaker 1: how this will affect her in adulthood and if she 152 00:09:41,040 --> 00:09:44,640 Speaker 1: will have memories from infancy which are not real at all, 153 00:09:44,679 --> 00:09:47,559 Speaker 1: but based on these videos that she has watched of 154 00:09:47,640 --> 00:09:50,640 Speaker 1: herself many times. I just wanted to share with you 155 00:09:50,679 --> 00:09:53,240 Speaker 1: guys and get your thoughts on it. Again. Love the show, 156 00:09:53,480 --> 00:09:57,440 Speaker 1: Keep up the great work, Luke. Yeah, Luke, very interesting again. So, 157 00:09:57,559 --> 00:10:00,280 Speaker 1: one possibility that has come up in the in the 158 00:10:00,320 --> 00:10:04,839 Speaker 1: Memory and Childhood Amnesia series is that memories from the 159 00:10:04,920 --> 00:10:08,199 Speaker 1: earliest years of our lives, the period that we usually 160 00:10:08,400 --> 00:10:13,600 Speaker 1: forget everything from might potentially be preserved if you recall 161 00:10:13,679 --> 00:10:15,440 Speaker 1: them a lot, like if you just bring them up 162 00:10:15,480 --> 00:10:19,680 Speaker 1: again and again frequently as you age. But in that case, yeah, 163 00:10:19,520 --> 00:10:23,080 Speaker 1: you do have to consider that maybe the original sense, 164 00:10:23,200 --> 00:10:27,840 Speaker 1: experience memory of those events is kind of being replaced 165 00:10:27,880 --> 00:10:32,520 Speaker 1: with an external reimagining of the event based on you know, 166 00:10:33,200 --> 00:10:36,240 Speaker 1: other people telling you the story again and again. And 167 00:10:36,440 --> 00:10:39,600 Speaker 1: the camera adds an interesting dimension to this because it, 168 00:10:40,240 --> 00:10:43,040 Speaker 1: you know, it puts in a recall aid that is 169 00:10:43,440 --> 00:10:47,800 Speaker 1: objective rather than subjective. So the video will never change 170 00:10:47,840 --> 00:10:50,840 Speaker 1: the way our memory of an event changes, or the 171 00:10:50,880 --> 00:10:54,040 Speaker 1: way the collective retelling of an event with family changes 172 00:10:54,080 --> 00:10:57,360 Speaker 1: over time. And yet of course the video is kind 173 00:10:57,360 --> 00:11:00,199 Speaker 1: of alien in a different way because the video was 174 00:11:00,280 --> 00:11:03,960 Speaker 1: not first person. So with the aid of video, I 175 00:11:04,000 --> 00:11:06,240 Speaker 1: wonder if we'll be more likely to come to see 176 00:11:06,280 --> 00:11:09,800 Speaker 1: our lives maybe more from a third person point of 177 00:11:09,880 --> 00:11:12,240 Speaker 1: view or something, you know, where we like you see 178 00:11:12,280 --> 00:11:17,160 Speaker 1: yourself in frame in your memory rather than remembering events 179 00:11:17,240 --> 00:11:20,400 Speaker 1: from your own point of view, like with the camera 180 00:11:20,480 --> 00:11:23,439 Speaker 1: of the mind's I pointed outward. Anyway, I know we're 181 00:11:23,440 --> 00:11:25,040 Speaker 1: going to get a lot more on the subject, but 182 00:11:25,120 --> 00:11:29,280 Speaker 1: thank you so much, Rose and Luke. Okay, we got 183 00:11:29,280 --> 00:11:33,280 Speaker 1: a message responding to several older episodes from our m 184 00:11:33,400 --> 00:11:35,920 Speaker 1: who let's see you got in touch about our series 185 00:11:35,920 --> 00:11:40,000 Speaker 1: on spas and alleged healing waters with the funny reference. 186 00:11:40,040 --> 00:11:42,000 Speaker 1: I'll get to that in a minute, and also on 187 00:11:42,040 --> 00:11:46,120 Speaker 1: the subject of olfactory hallucinations, and I went, why I was. 188 00:11:46,280 --> 00:11:48,240 Speaker 1: I really had to do some digging to figure out 189 00:11:48,320 --> 00:11:52,080 Speaker 1: what episode this related to. Now I think I'm fairly 190 00:11:52,080 --> 00:11:56,040 Speaker 1: sure it was our episodes about incense, in which we discussed, 191 00:11:56,320 --> 00:11:59,520 Speaker 1: among many other things, the figure of Saint Ephrem the 192 00:11:59,640 --> 00:12:03,280 Speaker 1: series in a fourth century Christian theologian and writer of 193 00:12:03,440 --> 00:12:07,920 Speaker 1: hymns who was notable because he was deeply obsessed with smells, 194 00:12:08,040 --> 00:12:11,640 Speaker 1: especially the spiritual dimension of smells, and wrote a lot 195 00:12:11,679 --> 00:12:14,920 Speaker 1: about the smell of God and the fragrance of Christ 196 00:12:15,000 --> 00:12:19,880 Speaker 1: and so forth. And so I think, well, we bounced 197 00:12:19,880 --> 00:12:22,000 Speaker 1: around a lot on that. I think that's somehow segued 198 00:12:22,040 --> 00:12:26,040 Speaker 1: into us talking about research on incense indicating that volatile 199 00:12:26,160 --> 00:12:32,560 Speaker 1: compounds in frankincense, especially a compound called incensel acetate, have 200 00:12:32,800 --> 00:12:36,280 Speaker 1: been shown to have some psychoactive properties in mice, including 201 00:12:36,360 --> 00:12:41,319 Speaker 1: reducing anxiety maybe increasing openness to experience, and this led 202 00:12:41,360 --> 00:12:44,720 Speaker 1: to us also talking about hallucinations of smells that don't 203 00:12:44,720 --> 00:12:47,520 Speaker 1: actually have a source in the environment, which I think 204 00:12:47,520 --> 00:12:49,720 Speaker 1: in turn led several listeners to get in touch and 205 00:12:49,800 --> 00:12:53,480 Speaker 1: let us know that they experienced illusory smells. Now that 206 00:12:53,480 --> 00:13:01,880 Speaker 1: that context has been fully achieved, RM says, Hi, Rob 207 00:13:01,880 --> 00:13:06,040 Speaker 1: and Joe. Congrats to the additional family member and good 208 00:13:06,120 --> 00:13:10,000 Speaker 1: luck with the sleep deprivation. Thank you, RM writing to 209 00:13:10,040 --> 00:13:14,520 Speaker 1: mention that I'm another person with scent hallucinations. Bad smells 210 00:13:14,520 --> 00:13:18,520 Speaker 1: aren't particularly common and honestly seems to be more random, 211 00:13:18,640 --> 00:13:22,160 Speaker 1: with fire and cigarette smoke happening the most. I always 212 00:13:22,160 --> 00:13:25,400 Speaker 1: assumed it was related to having migraines. Given all of 213 00:13:25,400 --> 00:13:27,719 Speaker 1: the comments and your research, I should probably look into 214 00:13:27,800 --> 00:13:31,560 Speaker 1: it more. In reference to the bathing waters story, have 215 00:13:31,720 --> 00:13:36,360 Speaker 1: you seen the new spa in Wisconsin. It's called Wedgewater, 216 00:13:36,520 --> 00:13:42,680 Speaker 1: the newest in luxury cheese based spas horrifying. There's probably 217 00:13:42,880 --> 00:13:45,720 Speaker 1: so many more things on bathing in mythology, from Achilles 218 00:13:45,760 --> 00:13:50,559 Speaker 1: slash sticks to Elizabeth Bathory slash Blood. Sorry for the 219 00:13:50,600 --> 00:13:53,599 Speaker 1: scattered email. This has been sitting my draft since Christmas. 220 00:13:53,720 --> 00:13:57,640 Speaker 1: Thanks RM, well, RM I was deeply intrigued by the 221 00:13:57,679 --> 00:14:01,280 Speaker 1: idea of cheese immersion at a Wisnson spa, but also 222 00:14:01,440 --> 00:14:05,160 Speaker 1: given what time of year it is, I thought there 223 00:14:05,200 --> 00:14:07,719 Speaker 1: may be an April fool of foot. And yet when 224 00:14:07,760 --> 00:14:10,319 Speaker 1: I went and looked up the press release, seems this 225 00:14:10,440 --> 00:14:13,400 Speaker 1: was an April fool's joke put on by the Dairy 226 00:14:13,440 --> 00:14:19,600 Speaker 1: Farmers of Wisconsin organization advertising this spa that had services 227 00:14:19,640 --> 00:14:27,680 Speaker 1: like fromage facials, salt brine bliss, colonic Okay raw milk baths, 228 00:14:27,720 --> 00:14:29,400 Speaker 1: so that I guess that would be most in line 229 00:14:29,440 --> 00:14:32,040 Speaker 1: with the stuff we were talking about. They described that 230 00:14:32,080 --> 00:14:36,320 Speaker 1: as follows. The soothing, rich texture and natural lactic acids 231 00:14:36,320 --> 00:14:40,080 Speaker 1: of milk found in Wedgewater's fourth generation copper cheese vats 232 00:14:40,480 --> 00:14:44,280 Speaker 1: will dissolve the proteins holding together dead skin cells and 233 00:14:44,440 --> 00:14:49,560 Speaker 1: melt your daily stresses away. That's just science. We do 234 00:14:49,680 --> 00:14:52,480 Speaker 1: often on the show militate against April fools jokes, but 235 00:14:52,840 --> 00:15:03,040 Speaker 1: this one's pretty funny, all right. We got another response 236 00:15:03,160 --> 00:15:07,040 Speaker 1: to our series about horror vakawee, the fear of the 237 00:15:07,160 --> 00:15:11,200 Speaker 1: void or fear of empty spaces. This comes to us 238 00:15:11,240 --> 00:15:14,000 Speaker 1: from Matt. Matt says, good day fellas a bit behind 239 00:15:14,000 --> 00:15:16,600 Speaker 1: in the library. Currently thought i'd write to you regarding 240 00:15:16,640 --> 00:15:19,920 Speaker 1: the horror Vakawe series. It was pretty rad, particularly the 241 00:15:20,000 --> 00:15:23,000 Speaker 1: last episode. I found myself thinking, I hope they discussed 242 00:15:23,080 --> 00:15:25,960 Speaker 1: love crafty and cosmic horror and you did not disappoint 243 00:15:26,120 --> 00:15:29,200 Speaker 1: Thanks for that. More broadly, the chat about the fear 244 00:15:29,280 --> 00:15:33,160 Speaker 1: instilled by a vast open sky or vast ocean vistas 245 00:15:33,600 --> 00:15:36,360 Speaker 1: struck me in a couple of ways. I've definitely felt 246 00:15:36,400 --> 00:15:40,280 Speaker 1: this while swimming, slash, scuba diving, and looking over the 247 00:15:40,400 --> 00:15:44,880 Speaker 1: dark precipice of an underwater ridge. It's easy to hallucinate 248 00:15:44,920 --> 00:15:49,040 Speaker 1: a vast, skeletal Cambrian sea bug lurching out of the 249 00:15:49,080 --> 00:15:52,880 Speaker 1: abyss at oneself, or maybe that's just me. Either way, 250 00:15:52,960 --> 00:15:55,920 Speaker 1: I've found it to be an interesting and potentially terrifying, 251 00:15:55,920 --> 00:16:01,080 Speaker 1: though not necessarily unpleasant experience. Conversely, I can't recall ever 252 00:16:01,200 --> 00:16:04,680 Speaker 1: having nervous feelings when looking at vast open spaces sky 253 00:16:05,000 --> 00:16:08,320 Speaker 1: or into night space. Quite the opposite. In fact, I 254 00:16:08,360 --> 00:16:12,480 Speaker 1: think I could confidently say I almost universally gather positive, 255 00:16:12,600 --> 00:16:16,040 Speaker 1: relaxed feelings from doing this. I wonder why that is 256 00:16:16,320 --> 00:16:19,080 Speaker 1: when the same sort of scenario in the water causes 257 00:16:19,120 --> 00:16:23,120 Speaker 1: inherent spikes of fear. Could this be a simple psychological 258 00:16:23,160 --> 00:16:26,480 Speaker 1: priming thing? Did Jaws or twenty thousand Leagues under the 259 00:16:26,520 --> 00:16:29,120 Speaker 1: sea do this for me? Did I listen to enough 260 00:16:29,200 --> 00:16:31,880 Speaker 1: Carl Sagan or Neil de grass Tyson to learn not 261 00:16:32,000 --> 00:16:35,000 Speaker 1: to be afraid of the infinite void? Is the fact 262 00:16:35,080 --> 00:16:37,320 Speaker 1: that I'm not a religious person? The reason I take 263 00:16:37,360 --> 00:16:40,800 Speaker 1: solace and comfort in the insignificance of things? Is it 264 00:16:40,840 --> 00:16:43,280 Speaker 1: because I'm just used to open spaces living in a 265 00:16:43,360 --> 00:16:46,640 Speaker 1: rural area, or because I'm borderline obsessed with watching the 266 00:16:46,680 --> 00:16:50,600 Speaker 1: weather roll in and out. Similarly, I wonder what portion 267 00:16:50,720 --> 00:16:53,960 Speaker 1: of the uneasiness we feel in, say, an empty school, 268 00:16:54,480 --> 00:16:57,600 Speaker 1: is the result of media or stories about things happening 269 00:16:57,680 --> 00:17:00,960 Speaker 1: in empty schools. Or maybe it's some kind of innate 270 00:17:00,960 --> 00:17:04,320 Speaker 1: trade of our social species that distrusts places which should 271 00:17:04,359 --> 00:17:07,560 Speaker 1: otherwise be populated. I believe you may have touched on 272 00:17:07,600 --> 00:17:10,440 Speaker 1: these things, so apologies here if I'm repeating things already said. 273 00:17:11,119 --> 00:17:15,400 Speaker 1: Just got me thinking philosophical thoughts and I enjoyed it. Matt, Well, 274 00:17:15,440 --> 00:17:19,440 Speaker 1: thank you, Matt. I think my best guess about the 275 00:17:20,320 --> 00:17:24,480 Speaker 1: ocean versus the sky, the difference would have to do 276 00:17:24,560 --> 00:17:29,280 Speaker 1: with the relative opacity of water compared to the transparency 277 00:17:29,440 --> 00:17:34,280 Speaker 1: of space and sky, So you know there are things. 278 00:17:34,359 --> 00:17:36,480 Speaker 1: If you like gaze out into the sky, there could 279 00:17:36,480 --> 00:17:40,000 Speaker 1: be beings far away that are, you know, sort of 280 00:17:40,000 --> 00:17:42,000 Speaker 1: in the direction you're looking, but you can't see them 281 00:17:42,000 --> 00:17:45,160 Speaker 1: because they're so far away. They vanish into a point 282 00:17:45,200 --> 00:17:49,720 Speaker 1: and there's no visual information. But when you're looking into water, 283 00:17:49,920 --> 00:17:52,439 Speaker 1: there could be something that's actually relatively close to you 284 00:17:52,520 --> 00:17:55,040 Speaker 1: and approaching quickly, and you wouldn't be able to see 285 00:17:55,080 --> 00:17:58,080 Speaker 1: it because the water goes opaque after a certain distance, 286 00:17:58,480 --> 00:18:01,960 Speaker 1: even rather clear water does. So that'd be my guess. 287 00:18:01,960 --> 00:18:05,359 Speaker 1: I would think, you know, the philasophobia you might feel, 288 00:18:05,720 --> 00:18:09,000 Speaker 1: you know, kind of freaking out staring over an underwater ridge, 289 00:18:09,040 --> 00:18:11,800 Speaker 1: which is a truly terrifying image that you conjure in 290 00:18:11,840 --> 00:18:14,720 Speaker 1: the email there. Uh yeah, yeah, I think that could 291 00:18:14,760 --> 00:18:17,760 Speaker 1: be because you just you imagine there could be things 292 00:18:17,800 --> 00:18:22,440 Speaker 1: down there, like your your Cambrian bug or whatever, and 293 00:18:22,800 --> 00:18:25,200 Speaker 1: it could be it could be relatively close, it could 294 00:18:25,200 --> 00:18:27,359 Speaker 1: be approaching, and you wouldn't know it until it was 295 00:18:27,560 --> 00:18:30,840 Speaker 1: coming right up on you. As for the uneasiness we 296 00:18:30,880 --> 00:18:33,800 Speaker 1: feel in empty places that are usually populated, you know, 297 00:18:33,840 --> 00:18:37,640 Speaker 1: like the empty hospitals, empty schools, empty shopping malls. All 298 00:18:37,640 --> 00:18:42,159 Speaker 1: that I leaned towards what you said about the like 299 00:18:42,240 --> 00:18:45,000 Speaker 1: the social species aspect there. It would be really hard 300 00:18:45,040 --> 00:18:49,160 Speaker 1: to prove this, but my guess would be this arises 301 00:18:49,200 --> 00:18:53,960 Speaker 1: from basic behavioral conformity impulses. Like you know, there's always 302 00:18:54,000 --> 00:18:56,879 Speaker 1: sort of a little operator inside us nudging us to 303 00:18:57,080 --> 00:19:00,760 Speaker 1: observe what people around us are doing and do the 304 00:19:00,840 --> 00:19:04,840 Speaker 1: same thing. And the conformity impulse gets a bad reputation 305 00:19:05,000 --> 00:19:07,879 Speaker 1: because you know, wake up, sheeple, But you know, in 306 00:19:07,920 --> 00:19:10,240 Speaker 1: a lot of cases it actually makes sense. Like if 307 00:19:10,240 --> 00:19:13,440 Speaker 1: everybody's doing something a certain way in a certain environment 308 00:19:13,480 --> 00:19:16,720 Speaker 1: and you don't know why, it's actually not a bad 309 00:19:16,800 --> 00:19:20,280 Speaker 1: strategy usually to assume that there's some reason they're doing 310 00:19:20,320 --> 00:19:22,520 Speaker 1: it that way and you're simply not aware of it, 311 00:19:22,600 --> 00:19:24,800 Speaker 1: and you would be well advised to do the same. 312 00:19:25,440 --> 00:19:28,000 Speaker 1: So if you were to walk into a hospital or 313 00:19:28,000 --> 00:19:31,800 Speaker 1: a shopping mall, or any environment that we normally only 314 00:19:31,880 --> 00:19:34,520 Speaker 1: see when it's full of people, I think you might 315 00:19:34,600 --> 00:19:37,320 Speaker 1: have a kind of conformity impulse that says, all the 316 00:19:37,359 --> 00:19:40,120 Speaker 1: people seem to have left here, should I leave too? 317 00:19:40,320 --> 00:19:42,840 Speaker 1: Is there some kind of danger? All? Right? I'm going 318 00:19:42,920 --> 00:19:45,359 Speaker 1: to do one last message. This comes to us from 319 00:19:45,680 --> 00:19:50,639 Speaker 1: Kenna on the subject of minimal group paradigm, those experiments 320 00:19:50,680 --> 00:19:53,479 Speaker 1: showing that you can you can tell people they've been 321 00:19:53,520 --> 00:19:57,000 Speaker 1: sorted into groups on basically any arbitrary basis. It really 322 00:19:57,600 --> 00:20:00,480 Speaker 1: doesn't have to seem all that meaningful at all, and 323 00:20:01,680 --> 00:20:04,200 Speaker 1: membership in those groups can be anonymous, you don't even 324 00:20:04,240 --> 00:20:06,719 Speaker 1: know who's in them, and people will still even in 325 00:20:06,760 --> 00:20:11,520 Speaker 1: those scenarios, often start showing in group favoritism. So it's 326 00:20:11,560 --> 00:20:13,639 Speaker 1: you know, it's just not very hard to get people 327 00:20:13,640 --> 00:20:15,760 Speaker 1: to start favoring their in group, even when the in 328 00:20:15,880 --> 00:20:24,879 Speaker 1: group appears to not mean much of anything. Kenneth says, Hi, Robert, 329 00:20:24,920 --> 00:20:28,000 Speaker 1: and Joe, now that I commute via public transportation, I've 330 00:20:28,040 --> 00:20:30,159 Speaker 1: more or less caught up to your podcast for the 331 00:20:30,160 --> 00:20:33,119 Speaker 1: first time since last summer. I was listening to the 332 00:20:33,200 --> 00:20:36,880 Speaker 1: minimal group paradigm and was instantly flooded with memories. So 333 00:20:36,920 --> 00:20:39,400 Speaker 1: I would like to share an anecdote of my personal 334 00:20:39,440 --> 00:20:44,840 Speaker 1: experience where an arbitrary group difference became extremely and dramatically important. 335 00:20:45,320 --> 00:20:48,320 Speaker 1: In the mid nineties, I attended a private school. There 336 00:20:48,400 --> 00:20:51,439 Speaker 1: was only one class per grade, and the largest grade 337 00:20:51,440 --> 00:20:55,879 Speaker 1: had about twenty people in it. Nevertheless, our introduction to 338 00:20:55,920 --> 00:20:59,239 Speaker 1: the school on our first ever weekend of kindergarten was 339 00:20:59,400 --> 00:21:04,000 Speaker 1: Bond Night. The whole school gathered, including parents and teachers, 340 00:21:04,320 --> 00:21:08,280 Speaker 1: to witness an induction ceremony that, due to its absolutely 341 00:21:08,440 --> 00:21:12,800 Speaker 1: fact free allegations of being a quote Native American ritual 342 00:21:13,240 --> 00:21:17,080 Speaker 1: would raise some eyebrows today. In the eye watering smoke 343 00:21:17,119 --> 00:21:20,840 Speaker 1: of a fire and several dozen citronella candles, each new 344 00:21:20,880 --> 00:21:25,000 Speaker 1: pupil would draw an envelope from a bag. Each envelope 345 00:21:25,040 --> 00:21:29,960 Speaker 1: contained a single feather, dyed either red or green. Mine 346 00:21:30,040 --> 00:21:32,920 Speaker 1: was read. It was explained to us that we were 347 00:21:32,960 --> 00:21:36,959 Speaker 1: now inducted into one of the school's two Quote tribes, 348 00:21:37,560 --> 00:21:40,320 Speaker 1: and that we would be in competition with one another 349 00:21:40,400 --> 00:21:44,240 Speaker 1: for our entire academic career. Field day would contain a 350 00:21:44,320 --> 00:21:48,360 Speaker 1: winning and losing faction. Teams would be chosen for sports 351 00:21:48,359 --> 00:21:52,400 Speaker 1: and multigrade events based on our tribal affiliation. We would 352 00:21:52,440 --> 00:21:55,000 Speaker 1: be told which tribe had the best grades at the 353 00:21:55,080 --> 00:21:58,080 Speaker 1: end of every semester. We were exhorted to do our 354 00:21:58,119 --> 00:22:00,920 Speaker 1: best for our tribe's honor, but to keep it friendly. 355 00:22:01,560 --> 00:22:03,879 Speaker 1: We did not. I assume that means it did not 356 00:22:03,960 --> 00:22:07,159 Speaker 1: keep it friendly. First, the balance of our teams in 357 00:22:07,280 --> 00:22:11,400 Speaker 1: my grade was uneven. After several students had left before 358 00:22:11,960 --> 00:22:15,320 Speaker 1: before first grade started, we were down to fifteen pupils, 359 00:22:15,320 --> 00:22:18,440 Speaker 1: and the class heavily favored the Green Feather team. My 360 00:22:18,560 --> 00:22:21,040 Speaker 1: new best friend and I were a third of the 361 00:22:21,240 --> 00:22:25,200 Speaker 1: entire Red faction. Second, my oldest friend, who had just 362 00:22:25,320 --> 00:22:28,439 Speaker 1: discovered the concept of cooties and did not want to 363 00:22:28,480 --> 00:22:31,320 Speaker 1: publicly associate with a girl in case he was accused 364 00:22:31,320 --> 00:22:35,720 Speaker 1: of actually liking me, was on Team Green. The natural 365 00:22:35,760 --> 00:22:39,520 Speaker 1: competition that he and I already had going on intensified, 366 00:22:39,960 --> 00:22:43,159 Speaker 1: mostly at recess and Jim, but also in everything we 367 00:22:43,240 --> 00:22:47,520 Speaker 1: could score. We gloated about beating each other, in memorizing 368 00:22:47,520 --> 00:22:50,639 Speaker 1: our times tables, about our spelling test grades and our 369 00:22:50,720 --> 00:22:54,200 Speaker 1: high scores in Oregon Trail. We weren't the only ones. 370 00:22:54,560 --> 00:22:57,600 Speaker 1: Though our gym teachers split the class into teams evenly, 371 00:22:57,640 --> 00:23:01,400 Speaker 1: We tended to focus our competition on opposite faction members 372 00:23:01,520 --> 00:23:05,359 Speaker 1: on the opposite team, leading more than more than once 373 00:23:05,359 --> 00:23:09,240 Speaker 1: to losing games. Because the Greens on one team only 374 00:23:09,359 --> 00:23:13,680 Speaker 1: through dodgeballs that the other teams read members and vice versa. 375 00:23:13,880 --> 00:23:17,480 Speaker 1: The incoherent games of recess were divided by faction as 376 00:23:17,600 --> 00:23:20,480 Speaker 1: much as any other division you might find in an 377 00:23:20,520 --> 00:23:24,560 Speaker 1: elementary school, boys versus girls, left side versus right side 378 00:23:24,560 --> 00:23:27,840 Speaker 1: of the classroom, kids who took different buses home, etc. 379 00:23:28,600 --> 00:23:31,560 Speaker 1: It came to minor scuffles several times, including at least 380 00:23:31,600 --> 00:23:34,800 Speaker 1: once when there were bruises and scraped knees. Games of 381 00:23:34,880 --> 00:23:38,280 Speaker 1: pretend tended to star the opposite faction as quote the 382 00:23:38,359 --> 00:23:42,560 Speaker 1: bad guys, which often led to arguments. Games like tag 383 00:23:42,680 --> 00:23:46,879 Speaker 1: turned into tag your faction mates, shove the others. The 384 00:23:46,960 --> 00:23:49,359 Speaker 1: game where you chase someone and throw a hula hoop 385 00:23:49,400 --> 00:23:52,639 Speaker 1: around them led to members of one factions swarming the 386 00:23:52,720 --> 00:23:56,320 Speaker 1: other and repeatedly hurling hula hoops to trip them. The 387 00:23:56,400 --> 00:23:59,040 Speaker 1: worst injury I remember was someone being sent to the 388 00:23:59,119 --> 00:24:02,199 Speaker 1: office for for an ice pack when a member of 389 00:24:02,200 --> 00:24:05,919 Speaker 1: the other faction knocked them off a seesaw. I didn't 390 00:24:05,920 --> 00:24:09,720 Speaker 1: exactly stop being friends with my oldest friend, Slash carpool 391 00:24:09,720 --> 00:24:12,080 Speaker 1: buddy from the Green faction, who I had known since 392 00:24:12,080 --> 00:24:15,480 Speaker 1: before we could crawl, but our interactions while at school 393 00:24:15,520 --> 00:24:18,800 Speaker 1: were colored by the competition. As scandalous as it was 394 00:24:18,840 --> 00:24:20,680 Speaker 1: to have a friend of a different gender, it was 395 00:24:20,760 --> 00:24:24,920 Speaker 1: far more scandalous and more likely to lead to accusations 396 00:24:24,960 --> 00:24:27,880 Speaker 1: of the two of you sitting in a tree KISSI 397 00:24:28,119 --> 00:24:31,919 Speaker 1: n g if you were also from opposite factions. I 398 00:24:31,960 --> 00:24:34,399 Speaker 1: could be in a group project with a Green girl 399 00:24:34,640 --> 00:24:38,080 Speaker 1: or a Red boy without being teased, But if I 400 00:24:38,119 --> 00:24:40,359 Speaker 1: was standing next to my oldest friend, it had better 401 00:24:40,400 --> 00:24:42,600 Speaker 1: be because I was about to best him in something 402 00:24:42,640 --> 00:24:46,000 Speaker 1: and secure victory for the Red faction. We at least 403 00:24:46,000 --> 00:24:49,560 Speaker 1: a handful more arguments than we would have naturally, especially 404 00:24:49,640 --> 00:24:52,640 Speaker 1: when his brother a grade behind us received a Red 405 00:24:52,680 --> 00:24:57,120 Speaker 1: feather and our annoyance at having a quote baby following 406 00:24:57,200 --> 00:24:59,959 Speaker 1: us warred with my desire to bolster the Red faction 407 00:25:00,000 --> 00:25:02,679 Speaker 1: and by helping the kid out and his desire to 408 00:25:02,840 --> 00:25:06,080 Speaker 1: hinder us both. I moved schools in the third grade 409 00:25:06,080 --> 00:25:10,000 Speaker 1: and eventually discovered that this was extremely weird compared to 410 00:25:10,000 --> 00:25:14,359 Speaker 1: public school, where clicks developed along ambient differences like where 411 00:25:14,400 --> 00:25:17,000 Speaker 1: people lived and whether their parents would buy them a 412 00:25:17,119 --> 00:25:21,199 Speaker 1: game Boy, instead of being artificially created by the administration. 413 00:25:21,680 --> 00:25:24,840 Speaker 1: By the time all of us from that initial kindergarten 414 00:25:24,840 --> 00:25:27,560 Speaker 1: class hit public high school together, we no longer took 415 00:25:27,640 --> 00:25:31,359 Speaker 1: these factions seriously in any way, But to this day 416 00:25:31,440 --> 00:25:36,040 Speaker 1: I remember who was red and who was green? Kenna. Oh, 417 00:25:36,119 --> 00:25:39,560 Speaker 1: and Kenna saysps, despite our small size, the Red faction 418 00:25:39,720 --> 00:25:42,640 Speaker 1: was definitely the victor in terms of grades. Not sure 419 00:25:42,680 --> 00:25:46,520 Speaker 1: about Field Day or Oregon Trail. How do you compete 420 00:25:46,560 --> 00:25:50,080 Speaker 1: in Oregon Trail? I guess, I don't know the Italian 421 00:25:50,160 --> 00:25:52,320 Speaker 1: How many times you got to Oregon or not? I 422 00:25:52,320 --> 00:25:56,080 Speaker 1: don't know. I guess you could score anyway. Thank you 423 00:25:56,119 --> 00:26:00,199 Speaker 1: so much, Kenna. This was a really fascinating example of 424 00:26:00,240 --> 00:26:04,080 Speaker 1: the minimal group paradigm being put into practice in the 425 00:26:04,119 --> 00:26:07,800 Speaker 1: real world for some reason. All right, that does it 426 00:26:07,880 --> 00:26:10,640 Speaker 1: for the mail bag today. If you're new here, this 427 00:26:10,720 --> 00:26:13,800 Speaker 1: is the Stuff to Blow your Mind podcast. This is 428 00:26:13,800 --> 00:26:16,359 Speaker 1: a listener mail episode, which we do every Monday, but 429 00:26:16,400 --> 00:26:20,240 Speaker 1: our core episodes publish every Tuesday and Thursday. Those are 430 00:26:20,400 --> 00:26:23,080 Speaker 1: usually related to science in one way or another, but 431 00:26:23,119 --> 00:26:26,639 Speaker 1: we hop around to different subjects. So on Mondays we 432 00:26:26,680 --> 00:26:30,040 Speaker 1: do listener Mail. On Wednesdays we do a short form 433 00:26:30,080 --> 00:26:34,240 Speaker 1: episode called The Artifact or the Monster Fact. On Fridays, 434 00:26:34,280 --> 00:26:36,720 Speaker 1: when the week is done, it is time for Weird 435 00:26:36,720 --> 00:26:38,959 Speaker 1: House Cinema. This is an episode where Rob and I 436 00:26:39,000 --> 00:26:43,720 Speaker 1: just pick a movie, we watch it, we talk about it. Really. 437 00:26:43,760 --> 00:26:45,840 Speaker 1: The only thing uniting the movies we pick for Weird 438 00:26:45,840 --> 00:26:48,440 Speaker 1: House Cinema is that they've got some weird element to them. 439 00:26:48,480 --> 00:26:50,760 Speaker 1: So they can be good, they can be bad, they 440 00:26:50,760 --> 00:26:53,760 Speaker 1: can be well known, they can be highly obscure. We 441 00:26:53,800 --> 00:26:56,320 Speaker 1: do them all as long as there's something weird about them. 442 00:26:56,680 --> 00:27:00,600 Speaker 1: And then on Saturdays we feature an episode from the Vault, 443 00:27:00,880 --> 00:27:05,680 Speaker 1: So big thanks to our audio producer JJ Pauseway. If 444 00:27:05,680 --> 00:27:07,680 Speaker 1: you would like to get in touch with us to 445 00:27:08,000 --> 00:27:10,640 Speaker 1: maybe have your own message featured on a future episode 446 00:27:10,640 --> 00:27:13,720 Speaker 1: of Listener mail to give feedback on this episode or 447 00:27:13,760 --> 00:27:16,479 Speaker 1: any other, to suggest a topic for the future, or 448 00:27:16,560 --> 00:27:19,199 Speaker 1: just to say hi, you can email us at contact 449 00:27:19,240 --> 00:27:29,280 Speaker 1: at stuff to Blow your Mind dot com. Stuff to 450 00:27:29,320 --> 00:27:32,120 Speaker 1: Blow Your Mind is a production of iHeartRadio. For more 451 00:27:32,160 --> 00:27:35,800 Speaker 1: podcasts from my heart Radio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, 452 00:27:35,840 --> 00:27:37,639 Speaker 1: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.