1 00:00:13,520 --> 00:00:14,680 Speaker 1: My name is William Shatner. 2 00:00:15,760 --> 00:00:19,280 Speaker 2: In this film, I play a successful American farmer, Eric Pearson. 3 00:00:21,600 --> 00:00:25,040 Speaker 2: There are many opinions about America's rapid growth. Some say 4 00:00:25,079 --> 00:00:27,760 Speaker 2: the character of our people cause it, some say our 5 00:00:27,800 --> 00:00:32,159 Speaker 2: gift for organization. Eric Pearson believes there is one main reason, 6 00:00:32,720 --> 00:00:36,400 Speaker 2: the land. In this program, he tries to prove that 7 00:00:36,479 --> 00:00:40,880 Speaker 2: the ground we stand on inspired, even dictated America's pattern 8 00:00:40,920 --> 00:00:41,360 Speaker 2: of growth. 9 00:00:47,520 --> 00:00:52,360 Speaker 3: Welcome to high school, Meet your teacher, William Shatner. This 10 00:00:52,520 --> 00:00:55,520 Speaker 3: is from that series you mentioned in episode one. It's 11 00:00:55,520 --> 00:00:59,760 Speaker 3: called American Enterprise and it was commissioned by Phillips Petroleum 12 00:00:59,840 --> 00:01:02,960 Speaker 3: and in nineteen seventies they got William Shatner to host 13 00:01:03,040 --> 00:01:06,360 Speaker 3: the whole thing. And in each of five vignettes, he 14 00:01:06,400 --> 00:01:09,720 Speaker 3: plays a different character, each with a different take on 15 00:01:09,840 --> 00:01:12,119 Speaker 3: why the American economy grew the way it. 16 00:01:12,080 --> 00:01:18,560 Speaker 4: Did so right off the bat, unshocked economic growth. His 17 00:01:18,640 --> 00:01:22,200 Speaker 4: position does a good thing, There's no questioning that. And 18 00:01:22,280 --> 00:01:25,759 Speaker 4: the series was created for high school civics and economics 19 00:01:25,760 --> 00:01:29,679 Speaker 4: classes to help teach American teens about how the American 20 00:01:29,680 --> 00:01:32,160 Speaker 4: economy was shaped and how it's supposed to work. 21 00:01:32,400 --> 00:01:32,880 Speaker 5: That's right. 22 00:01:32,959 --> 00:01:35,800 Speaker 3: It was distributed to schools and community groups through a 23 00:01:35,800 --> 00:01:40,280 Speaker 3: company called Modern Talking Pictures. Their distribution plan for the 24 00:01:40,319 --> 00:01:45,080 Speaker 3: series had it reaching twelve million people a year. Darna, 25 00:01:45,440 --> 00:01:48,600 Speaker 3: Let's take a listen to the one liberal character that 26 00:01:48,720 --> 00:01:50,600 Speaker 3: Shatner plays in this series. 27 00:01:51,760 --> 00:01:53,080 Speaker 1: My name is William Shatner. 28 00:01:54,400 --> 00:01:57,240 Speaker 2: In this film, I played Tom Novak, a community college 29 00:01:57,240 --> 00:02:01,120 Speaker 2: professor who was field as ethnic studies. Tom's the third 30 00:02:01,160 --> 00:02:03,920 Speaker 2: generation American and the first member of his family to 31 00:02:03,960 --> 00:02:07,640 Speaker 2: graduate from college. He has some strong ideas about what, 32 00:02:08,040 --> 00:02:13,880 Speaker 2: or rather who made America happen for him. Our economic 33 00:02:13,919 --> 00:02:17,120 Speaker 2: growth is rooted in the special character of the American people. 34 00:02:19,400 --> 00:02:24,359 Speaker 2: Alice Island America's immigration gateway. 35 00:02:26,040 --> 00:02:27,000 Speaker 5: God, I love it. 36 00:02:27,320 --> 00:02:30,839 Speaker 4: What so immigrants make America great, but only because their 37 00:02:30,880 --> 00:02:33,920 Speaker 4: hard work grows the American economy, right, got it? 38 00:02:34,040 --> 00:02:36,359 Speaker 5: Got it? And you'll notice that. 39 00:02:36,520 --> 00:02:40,200 Speaker 4: So far there's been no mention of petroleum, and later 40 00:02:40,360 --> 00:02:43,000 Speaker 4: references to it do show up here and there, But 41 00:02:43,360 --> 00:02:47,440 Speaker 4: mostly this series is actually focused on these two broader ideas. 42 00:02:47,760 --> 00:02:50,840 Speaker 4: The first one is that capitalism is great, and the 43 00:02:50,840 --> 00:02:53,720 Speaker 4: second one is that nature is a resource that's basically 44 00:02:53,760 --> 00:02:57,639 Speaker 4: to be used for economic benefit. Only that totally sums 45 00:02:57,639 --> 00:03:00,600 Speaker 4: it up, and that's the focus of all lot. 46 00:03:00,480 --> 00:03:05,160 Speaker 3: Of oil funded educational materials. Again, this idea goes way 47 00:03:05,240 --> 00:03:09,160 Speaker 3: back to way before anyone was talking about climate change. 48 00:03:09,320 --> 00:03:13,120 Speaker 3: American industrialists were really invested in pushing a particular approach 49 00:03:13,720 --> 00:03:17,400 Speaker 3: to nature, really from the early days of America's founding. 50 00:03:19,600 --> 00:03:23,280 Speaker 3: Melissa Roncik, a media studies professor at Rutgers University, has 51 00:03:23,320 --> 00:03:25,560 Speaker 3: spent a ton of time digging into how this very 52 00:03:25,600 --> 00:03:29,880 Speaker 3: particular approach to nature came about in America. 53 00:03:30,360 --> 00:03:33,280 Speaker 6: So essentially, if we want to look at the beginning 54 00:03:33,480 --> 00:03:38,240 Speaker 6: of a twentieth century national awareness about the need to 55 00:03:38,240 --> 00:03:41,360 Speaker 6: protect the natural environment, we have to look at the 56 00:03:41,480 --> 00:03:46,560 Speaker 6: naturalist John Muir and the forester different Pinchot, and we 57 00:03:46,680 --> 00:03:50,680 Speaker 6: especially have to look at how they interacted, because each 58 00:03:50,720 --> 00:03:54,200 Speaker 6: of them came to stand for very different idea of 59 00:03:54,520 --> 00:03:57,800 Speaker 6: what nature and forests in the environment meant in the 60 00:03:57,880 --> 00:03:58,600 Speaker 6: United States. 61 00:04:00,320 --> 00:04:03,280 Speaker 4: So, okay, Melissa mentioned John Muir, who I think most 62 00:04:03,280 --> 00:04:05,960 Speaker 4: of us have probably heard of, but Gifford Pinchot maybe 63 00:04:06,000 --> 00:04:09,120 Speaker 4: not so much. He was the country's first forester, the 64 00:04:09,520 --> 00:04:13,000 Speaker 4: very first head of the US Forestry Service, And while 65 00:04:13,040 --> 00:04:16,080 Speaker 4: mirror really pushed this idea of conservation and nature for 66 00:04:16,240 --> 00:04:20,000 Speaker 4: nature's sake, like this pristine nature idea that the fossil 67 00:04:20,040 --> 00:04:23,240 Speaker 4: fuel industry has been trying to pin on environmentalists ever 68 00:04:23,320 --> 00:04:23,760 Speaker 4: since then. 69 00:04:24,360 --> 00:04:26,680 Speaker 5: Pinchot viewed it as a resource. 70 00:04:26,800 --> 00:04:30,000 Speaker 4: He viewed nature as a resource, or more specifically, as 71 00:04:30,080 --> 00:04:31,279 Speaker 4: an economic resource. 72 00:04:31,400 --> 00:04:36,640 Speaker 6: For Gifford Pinchot, natural resources were just that resources. It 73 00:04:36,680 --> 00:04:40,839 Speaker 6: was lumber that Americans needed for development. It was water 74 00:04:40,960 --> 00:04:45,640 Speaker 6: that may be needed for serving cities that didn't have 75 00:04:45,800 --> 00:04:50,159 Speaker 6: enough natural water resources. And there was an economic benefit 76 00:04:50,520 --> 00:04:53,680 Speaker 6: to protecting forests, but you had to protect them for 77 00:04:53,800 --> 00:04:57,560 Speaker 6: the service of American enterprise in the American economy. 78 00:04:57,839 --> 00:04:59,800 Speaker 3: And we all know who went out in the debate 79 00:05:00,000 --> 00:05:03,960 Speaker 3: between Mirror and Pincho. Merr's name may be remembered, but 80 00:05:04,040 --> 00:05:07,560 Speaker 3: it's Pincho's ideas about nature that underpin the American approach 81 00:05:07,600 --> 00:05:08,440 Speaker 3: to the environment. 82 00:05:09,080 --> 00:05:11,400 Speaker 5: This, of course, leaves out the approach. 83 00:05:11,080 --> 00:05:14,320 Speaker 3: Of the many nations of people who were already living 84 00:05:14,360 --> 00:05:17,160 Speaker 3: on this land before the colonizers showed up. 85 00:05:17,760 --> 00:05:21,480 Speaker 6: But it's really important to just mention that neither John 86 00:05:21,560 --> 00:05:26,080 Speaker 6: Muir's nor different Pinchot's visions included the indigenous people who 87 00:05:26,120 --> 00:05:29,320 Speaker 6: were living on this land long before either of them 88 00:05:29,360 --> 00:05:34,160 Speaker 6: came along, and that entire story of what the indigenous 89 00:05:34,200 --> 00:05:38,119 Speaker 6: people's on the land, did with nature, how they viewed nature, 90 00:05:38,160 --> 00:05:41,200 Speaker 6: their relationship with nature, that was completely ignored in this 91 00:05:41,279 --> 00:05:42,039 Speaker 6: American story. 92 00:05:42,560 --> 00:05:43,840 Speaker 5: Yeah, and it's wild. 93 00:05:43,880 --> 00:05:45,839 Speaker 4: I mean, so many people I think are just realizing 94 00:05:45,960 --> 00:05:50,279 Speaker 4: now that maybe indigenous approaches to environmental management actually hold 95 00:05:50,360 --> 00:05:54,400 Speaker 4: some wisdom at any rate. This turn toward nature as 96 00:05:54,440 --> 00:05:57,520 Speaker 4: an economic resource happened in the late eighteen hundreds, and 97 00:05:57,640 --> 00:06:00,800 Speaker 4: Pinchot actually pushed the idea through tech books way back 98 00:06:00,800 --> 00:06:01,240 Speaker 4: then too. 99 00:06:01,480 --> 00:06:05,200 Speaker 6: He was very aware of the value of public support 100 00:06:05,560 --> 00:06:10,040 Speaker 6: for his vision of forestry, and he used every means 101 00:06:10,080 --> 00:06:16,400 Speaker 6: at his disposal to accomplish that. He wrote textbooks that 102 00:06:16,480 --> 00:06:21,479 Speaker 6: he expected would be taught from kindergarten on up about forestry, 103 00:06:21,560 --> 00:06:23,839 Speaker 6: and indeed they were. There were thousands of copies of 104 00:06:23,880 --> 00:06:28,120 Speaker 6: his book sold. He created what we would today call 105 00:06:28,240 --> 00:06:28,679 Speaker 6: I guess. 106 00:06:28,520 --> 00:06:32,719 Speaker 7: Press events, you know, pr events, sometimes with Teddy Roosevelt, 107 00:06:32,800 --> 00:06:35,160 Speaker 7: where he would be sure to invite all of the 108 00:06:35,200 --> 00:06:38,039 Speaker 7: news media of the time to cover the event when 109 00:06:38,040 --> 00:06:41,599 Speaker 7: he appeared to announce a new policy or in front 110 00:06:41,640 --> 00:06:45,920 Speaker 7: of an important natural resource. And he also made very 111 00:06:45,960 --> 00:06:51,200 Speaker 7: close behind the scenes connections with lumber operators and others 112 00:06:51,360 --> 00:06:54,760 Speaker 7: who would then of course end up supporting Pincho whenever 113 00:06:54,839 --> 00:06:57,120 Speaker 7: he wanted a new policy to be put forward. 114 00:07:01,640 --> 00:07:04,920 Speaker 3: So yeah, starting in the late eighteen hundreds, this idea 115 00:07:05,040 --> 00:07:06,200 Speaker 3: is already being. 116 00:07:06,000 --> 00:07:07,200 Speaker 5: Pushed in schools. 117 00:07:07,720 --> 00:07:10,840 Speaker 3: Then the oil industry gets in on the education game 118 00:07:10,920 --> 00:07:15,160 Speaker 3: in the nineteen twenties and really continually pushes that idea 119 00:07:15,640 --> 00:07:19,480 Speaker 3: from then until now. Beginning in the nineteen fifties, they 120 00:07:19,520 --> 00:07:22,480 Speaker 3: start to lean on the free enterprise story more and 121 00:07:22,560 --> 00:07:23,920 Speaker 3: more so by the. 122 00:07:23,880 --> 00:07:26,800 Speaker 4: Time the public really starts talking about global warming in 123 00:07:26,800 --> 00:07:30,119 Speaker 4: the nineteen eighties and nineteen nineties, the groundwork to limit 124 00:07:30,120 --> 00:07:33,880 Speaker 4: the conversation had basically already been laid for decades. There's 125 00:07:33,880 --> 00:07:37,360 Speaker 4: this very clear idea in American's minds about how you 126 00:07:37,520 --> 00:07:40,400 Speaker 4: can and can't address environmental problems. 127 00:07:40,680 --> 00:07:40,920 Speaker 7: YEP. 128 00:07:40,960 --> 00:07:43,720 Speaker 3: And for high school kids, the industry's focus is all 129 00:07:43,800 --> 00:07:47,640 Speaker 3: things economy, from stuff like the American Enterprise series that 130 00:07:47,720 --> 00:07:51,160 Speaker 3: show kids how the economy works, to stun programs that 131 00:07:51,320 --> 00:07:55,400 Speaker 3: highlight all the job opportunities in the energy industry. That's 132 00:07:55,440 --> 00:08:06,360 Speaker 3: our focus today. I'm Darna Noor from Earth and I'm 133 00:08:06,440 --> 00:08:10,200 Speaker 3: Amy Westerveldt. In this series The Abcs of Big Oil. 134 00:08:10,640 --> 00:08:14,080 Speaker 3: We're digging into the fossil fuel industry's involvement in shaping 135 00:08:14,280 --> 00:08:18,720 Speaker 3: how Americans think about the economy and policy and how 136 00:08:18,760 --> 00:08:21,280 Speaker 3: those things intersect with environmental issues. 137 00:08:21,720 --> 00:08:24,320 Speaker 4: And last time we looked at how the industry has 138 00:08:24,400 --> 00:08:28,400 Speaker 4: used comic books and coloring books and cartoon characters to 139 00:08:28,440 --> 00:08:31,400 Speaker 4: start shaping the minds of little kids in elementary school. 140 00:08:31,720 --> 00:08:34,440 Speaker 4: But today we're headed to high school, where big oil's 141 00:08:34,440 --> 00:08:36,920 Speaker 4: efforts get a little more sophisticated. 142 00:08:37,480 --> 00:08:39,160 Speaker 1: Certainly, we get marketed to a lot. 143 00:08:39,240 --> 00:08:43,679 Speaker 8: I get emails pretty frequently from different companies trying to 144 00:08:43,760 --> 00:08:51,319 Speaker 8: either sell us like textbooks, textbook licensing, supplemental like online resources. 145 00:08:51,440 --> 00:08:53,160 Speaker 1: There's tons of that all the time. 146 00:08:53,480 --> 00:08:56,040 Speaker 3: This is William Van Doren. He's a high school science 147 00:08:56,040 --> 00:08:59,880 Speaker 3: and math teacher in Oakland, California. He works at a 148 00:09:00,040 --> 00:09:02,400 Speaker 3: private school, but he says that just like a lot 149 00:09:02,440 --> 00:09:05,200 Speaker 3: of public school teachers, he's often on the lookout for 150 00:09:05,320 --> 00:09:10,239 Speaker 3: supplemental materials and maybe more to the point, educational publishers 151 00:09:10,280 --> 00:09:15,000 Speaker 3: are constantly trying to market stuff to him. So if 152 00:09:15,080 --> 00:09:21,600 Speaker 3: you saw something from Discovery Education, what would that say 153 00:09:21,640 --> 00:09:21,800 Speaker 3: to you? 154 00:09:21,880 --> 00:09:24,280 Speaker 5: Like, what does that brand kind of signify to you? 155 00:09:24,520 --> 00:09:26,600 Speaker 8: I would want to take a look at it, But Yeah, 156 00:09:26,640 --> 00:09:28,040 Speaker 8: I wouldn't be too suspicious. 157 00:09:28,320 --> 00:09:30,840 Speaker 1: I mean ideally, like, no matter where. 158 00:09:30,600 --> 00:09:33,120 Speaker 8: It's from, you kind of screen it before you turn 159 00:09:33,160 --> 00:09:34,439 Speaker 8: it loose on your students. 160 00:09:34,720 --> 00:09:35,360 Speaker 1: I wouldn't be. 161 00:09:35,640 --> 00:09:37,760 Speaker 8: Particularly suspicious about it, but I would want to look 162 00:09:37,760 --> 00:09:40,280 Speaker 8: closely at it, just to see what it's actually about. 163 00:09:40,520 --> 00:09:44,040 Speaker 3: So this one that we were looking at recently is 164 00:09:44,200 --> 00:09:50,720 Speaker 3: Discovery Education STEM Careers Portal, and they offer all kinds 165 00:09:50,800 --> 00:09:54,439 Speaker 3: of stuff for like, you know, high school guidance counselors, 166 00:09:54,600 --> 00:09:57,840 Speaker 3: but also for teachers to do like a science fair 167 00:09:58,000 --> 00:10:00,800 Speaker 3: or like a career fair around STEM. And then they 168 00:10:00,840 --> 00:10:05,200 Speaker 3: have some activities and things that are around particularly encouraging 169 00:10:05,280 --> 00:10:07,840 Speaker 3: women in STEM and people of color and staff, all. 170 00:10:07,760 --> 00:10:09,960 Speaker 9: Of these kinds of things. And then you go to 171 00:10:10,000 --> 00:10:13,280 Speaker 9: the partner page and it's entire and it's funded by 172 00:10:13,400 --> 00:10:18,280 Speaker 9: like Chevron, the American Petroleum Institute, and you know a 173 00:10:18,320 --> 00:10:21,520 Speaker 9: handful of other sort of oil and gas companies. 174 00:10:21,720 --> 00:10:25,719 Speaker 8: Wow, that's really interesting. I would not have guessed that 175 00:10:25,880 --> 00:10:28,760 Speaker 8: or been suspicious of that. Oh, it's like back to 176 00:10:28,840 --> 00:10:30,679 Speaker 8: our propaganda. 177 00:10:31,720 --> 00:10:32,080 Speaker 1: Wow. 178 00:10:32,920 --> 00:10:35,400 Speaker 4: And you were asking him about this new program from 179 00:10:35,520 --> 00:10:39,600 Speaker 4: Discovery Education called the STEM Careers Coalition, And if you 180 00:10:39,679 --> 00:10:42,200 Speaker 4: go to their homepage it kind of looks like any 181 00:10:42,240 --> 00:10:45,240 Speaker 4: other part of the Discovery Universe. It's well designed, it 182 00:10:45,280 --> 00:10:48,840 Speaker 4: seems super legit, and it says connecting stem from k 183 00:10:49,200 --> 00:10:52,280 Speaker 4: through careers. But then if you go to the about 184 00:10:52,360 --> 00:10:54,880 Speaker 4: us page and you click on partners, and then you 185 00:10:54,920 --> 00:10:55,600 Speaker 4: scroll down. 186 00:10:55,440 --> 00:10:57,840 Speaker 5: A little bit, you'll find a lot of oil and 187 00:10:57,920 --> 00:10:58,640 Speaker 5: gas folks. 188 00:10:58,880 --> 00:11:04,000 Speaker 4: There's as the Power and Energy Distribution Company, There's Chevron, 189 00:11:04,200 --> 00:11:08,439 Speaker 4: there's the American Petroleum Institute, of course, and then under 190 00:11:08,520 --> 00:11:13,520 Speaker 4: content partners you find this philanthropy initiative called IF then Philanthropies. 191 00:11:13,880 --> 00:11:15,680 Speaker 4: And if you dug around a little bit on them, 192 00:11:16,040 --> 00:11:18,200 Speaker 4: like I did, you'll find that they're connected to this 193 00:11:18,520 --> 00:11:20,480 Speaker 4: oil heiress in Dallas, Texas. 194 00:11:20,600 --> 00:11:22,920 Speaker 5: Her name is Lyda Hill. Yeah, that's right. 195 00:11:23,040 --> 00:11:25,720 Speaker 3: And then if you scroll all the way down to 196 00:11:25,800 --> 00:11:29,959 Speaker 3: the bottom of the page where the association partners are listed, 197 00:11:30,320 --> 00:11:34,800 Speaker 3: they're described as trusted advisors and subject matter experts, and 198 00:11:35,000 --> 00:11:40,120 Speaker 3: there you'll find the Manufacturing Institute. Manufacturing Institute is the 199 00:11:40,240 --> 00:11:44,800 Speaker 3: education partner of the National Association of Manufacturers, a manufacturing 200 00:11:44,840 --> 00:11:48,880 Speaker 3: trade group that was key to orchestrating climate denial campaigns 201 00:11:48,920 --> 00:11:50,880 Speaker 3: throughout the nineties and two thousands. 202 00:11:51,200 --> 00:11:54,040 Speaker 4: And this doesn't actually seem to be unusual for discovery 203 00:11:54,120 --> 00:11:56,319 Speaker 4: education at all. Like if you go to the main 204 00:11:56,440 --> 00:11:59,520 Speaker 4: discovery education site and look for a curricula related to 205 00:11:59,559 --> 00:12:02,520 Speaker 4: the environ One of the two main options that pop 206 00:12:02,600 --> 00:12:05,400 Speaker 4: up is called to Dig into Mining and it's funded 207 00:12:05,480 --> 00:12:09,199 Speaker 4: by Freeport McMoRan, which is one of the largest mining 208 00:12:09,240 --> 00:12:12,840 Speaker 4: companies in the world. Here's a snippet from the virtual 209 00:12:12,880 --> 00:12:14,320 Speaker 4: field trip they provide there. 210 00:12:14,559 --> 00:12:17,840 Speaker 10: Hi, I'm Lynn LANDI I am a geologist and a 211 00:12:17,840 --> 00:12:22,240 Speaker 10: reclamation specialist. Reclamation is the process of restoring the land 212 00:12:22,280 --> 00:12:25,920 Speaker 10: that has been disturbed by mining adam mine. Large amounts 213 00:12:25,960 --> 00:12:28,920 Speaker 10: material is moved every day, but only a small percent 214 00:12:28,960 --> 00:12:32,800 Speaker 10: of that material is copper bearing. Therefore, we have to 215 00:12:33,160 --> 00:12:36,280 Speaker 10: understand how to store the rest of that material. That 216 00:12:36,360 --> 00:12:41,000 Speaker 10: material is stored in piles that we call stockpiles or 217 00:12:41,040 --> 00:12:45,120 Speaker 10: tailing dams. When they are filled to capacity, we can 218 00:12:45,200 --> 00:12:49,520 Speaker 10: reclaim them. The goals of reclamation are threefold. We want stability, 219 00:12:49,679 --> 00:12:51,719 Speaker 10: we want to manage the water, and we want to 220 00:12:51,760 --> 00:12:55,360 Speaker 10: create a self sustaining ecosystem. We bring together a group 221 00:12:55,400 --> 00:12:59,920 Speaker 10: of engineers, geotechnical engineers, civil engineers, and a kind societ 222 00:13:00,559 --> 00:13:07,600 Speaker 10: that work on reclamation are environmental scientists, biologists, geologists, soil 223 00:13:07,720 --> 00:13:11,080 Speaker 10: scientists do this work for us. First we reshape these 224 00:13:11,160 --> 00:13:14,680 Speaker 10: large facilities and that helps reduce erosion, and then we 225 00:13:14,720 --> 00:13:17,920 Speaker 10: add water drainage systems. This will allow us to take 226 00:13:18,040 --> 00:13:23,160 Speaker 10: the precipitation or stormwater off the facility, reducing infiltration. Then 227 00:13:23,360 --> 00:13:26,840 Speaker 10: we could posit cover material and we spread that all 228 00:13:26,880 --> 00:13:28,319 Speaker 10: over these facilities. 229 00:13:29,160 --> 00:13:32,640 Speaker 3: So in this video, this woman who works on reclamation 230 00:13:33,080 --> 00:13:37,200 Speaker 3: with Freeport McMoRan keeps saying the word facilities, but what 231 00:13:37,280 --> 00:13:40,800 Speaker 3: she's actually talking about is land, and by disturbed she 232 00:13:40,960 --> 00:13:45,439 Speaker 3: means turned into a giant open pit mine. Reclamation is 233 00:13:45,480 --> 00:13:47,760 Speaker 3: where they put all the dirt and rocks back on 234 00:13:47,840 --> 00:13:51,679 Speaker 3: that land and try to engineer it to approximate nature. 235 00:13:52,040 --> 00:13:55,079 Speaker 3: There's zero discussion here of the impact that copper mining 236 00:13:55,200 --> 00:13:56,840 Speaker 3: has on water or soil. 237 00:13:57,440 --> 00:14:00,680 Speaker 5: It's just, hey, we take the copper, it's. 238 00:14:00,559 --> 00:14:02,440 Speaker 3: In a bunch of stuff you use, and then we 239 00:14:02,480 --> 00:14:05,679 Speaker 3: put the earth back together again, no problem. 240 00:14:05,880 --> 00:14:06,160 Speaker 5: Yeah. 241 00:14:06,200 --> 00:14:09,079 Speaker 4: God, that whole video is wild, and it's also just 242 00:14:09,160 --> 00:14:11,560 Speaker 4: wild how similar it is to that chocolate chip cookie 243 00:14:11,559 --> 00:14:14,680 Speaker 4: experiment that Kurt Davies told us about in episode two. 244 00:14:15,400 --> 00:14:17,120 Speaker 4: But I want to pause here and dig a little 245 00:14:17,120 --> 00:14:20,760 Speaker 4: bit more into that STEM Careers coalition because there's actually 246 00:14:20,800 --> 00:14:24,760 Speaker 4: this section of the Discovery education site called social Impact, 247 00:14:25,120 --> 00:14:27,440 Speaker 4: and it lists that STEM project as one of the 248 00:14:27,520 --> 00:14:30,480 Speaker 4: three areas where a Discovery says it's having like a 249 00:14:30,520 --> 00:14:32,760 Speaker 4: social effect, and all of them. 250 00:14:32,720 --> 00:14:34,320 Speaker 5: Have corporate sponsors. 251 00:14:34,640 --> 00:14:36,360 Speaker 4: Here's one of the videos that you'll find on the 252 00:14:36,360 --> 00:14:38,400 Speaker 4: STEM Careers Coalition site. 253 00:14:38,680 --> 00:14:41,320 Speaker 11: One of the things I really love is every day 254 00:14:41,360 --> 00:14:45,600 Speaker 11: there's a new challenge and I find myself learning constantly 255 00:14:46,160 --> 00:14:48,880 Speaker 11: or on the edge of technology. We're able to come 256 00:14:48,960 --> 00:14:52,840 Speaker 11: up with new ways of solving problems, and Chevron backs 257 00:14:52,960 --> 00:14:56,520 Speaker 11: those initiatives, and we're able to use technology to help 258 00:14:56,600 --> 00:14:59,800 Speaker 11: us succeed. I'm Jessica Holly, a drilling engineered with Shevron. 259 00:15:01,600 --> 00:15:05,880 Speaker 3: At one point, this Chevron drilling engineer describes flying out 260 00:15:05,920 --> 00:15:08,520 Speaker 3: to an offshore oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico 261 00:15:08,760 --> 00:15:12,000 Speaker 3: in this weirdly glamorous way, like the way you would 262 00:15:12,000 --> 00:15:15,560 Speaker 3: hear the Kardashians talk about going to a concert or something. 263 00:15:16,040 --> 00:15:20,000 Speaker 11: Our locations, our well sites are about two hundred miles 264 00:15:20,040 --> 00:15:23,920 Speaker 11: off the coast of Louisiana, and so we'll take helicopters 265 00:15:24,080 --> 00:15:27,320 Speaker 11: from the shore of Louisiana two hundred miles out and 266 00:15:27,360 --> 00:15:30,520 Speaker 11: we'll actually land a little heliped on pretty much what 267 00:15:30,640 --> 00:15:32,680 Speaker 11: looks like a cruise ship in the middle of the 268 00:15:32,680 --> 00:15:33,400 Speaker 11: Gulf of Mexico. 269 00:15:33,560 --> 00:15:36,200 Speaker 4: Not sure I've ever heard an offshore oil platform described 270 00:15:36,200 --> 00:15:38,320 Speaker 4: as being remolely like a cruise ship before. 271 00:15:38,840 --> 00:15:40,160 Speaker 5: Yeah, I have to. 272 00:15:40,080 --> 00:15:44,360 Speaker 3: Say I was pretty surprised at just how much corporate 273 00:15:44,480 --> 00:15:48,520 Speaker 3: sponsored content Discovery Education has on offer, not just from 274 00:15:48,520 --> 00:15:50,720 Speaker 3: oil companies, but just you know, across the board. There 275 00:15:50,720 --> 00:15:53,960 Speaker 3: are so many examples of like you know, Procter and 276 00:15:54,000 --> 00:15:56,880 Speaker 3: Gamble is there and Campbell Soup and all of these 277 00:15:56,880 --> 00:16:00,400 Speaker 3: different companies. But then I thought about it more and 278 00:16:00,440 --> 00:16:02,720 Speaker 3: I was like, well, my husband is kind of a 279 00:16:02,760 --> 00:16:05,400 Speaker 3: Discovery TV addict, and I feel like every time I 280 00:16:05,480 --> 00:16:08,840 Speaker 3: walk by him watching a show on there, it's either about. 281 00:16:08,920 --> 00:16:12,000 Speaker 5: Like some kind of mining or like treasure hunting. 282 00:16:12,080 --> 00:16:15,280 Speaker 3: There's like a lot of weird trutive stuff on there, 283 00:16:15,960 --> 00:16:20,600 Speaker 3: you know, Or it's like about nature, but in this 284 00:16:20,680 --> 00:16:23,720 Speaker 3: way where nature is this thing over there for us 285 00:16:23,800 --> 00:16:27,920 Speaker 3: to admire sometimes. But you found kind of a weird 286 00:16:28,040 --> 00:16:32,440 Speaker 3: corporate connection between Discovery's TV content recently too. 287 00:16:32,360 --> 00:16:33,640 Speaker 5: Right, Yeah, I did. 288 00:16:34,440 --> 00:16:38,440 Speaker 4: It was for a pretty different Discovery project than the 289 00:16:38,560 --> 00:16:41,720 Speaker 4: education stuff. It was for a new TV show that 290 00:16:41,760 --> 00:16:45,200 Speaker 4: they have called six Degrees, which is hosted by Micro. 291 00:16:45,680 --> 00:16:50,880 Speaker 4: Like Micro, the reality TV host best known for hosting 292 00:16:51,040 --> 00:16:54,280 Speaker 4: Dirty Jobs. So the whole conceit of this new show, 293 00:16:54,360 --> 00:16:58,760 Speaker 4: Six Degrees is basically like tying things that are seemingly 294 00:16:59,000 --> 00:17:03,000 Speaker 4: unrelated together. So like in the first episode, Micro connects 295 00:17:03,040 --> 00:17:06,239 Speaker 4: the history of Tinder, like the dating app to the 296 00:17:06,280 --> 00:17:08,159 Speaker 4: invention of the horseshoe. 297 00:17:08,359 --> 00:17:11,360 Speaker 1: Well, when the dust settles, you will see the undeniable 298 00:17:11,440 --> 00:17:15,639 Speaker 1: to a controvertible truth of exactly how welk we're shooting 299 00:17:16,280 --> 00:17:17,440 Speaker 1: and find your soul mate. 300 00:17:18,520 --> 00:17:21,960 Speaker 4: But the show also connects everything to the fossil fuel 301 00:17:22,000 --> 00:17:27,520 Speaker 4: industry is Surprise Surprize. Like in that first episode, Mike says, 302 00:17:27,640 --> 00:17:31,600 Speaker 4: this inventor who created the precursor to Wi Fi used 303 00:17:31,640 --> 00:17:34,439 Speaker 4: money that her boyfriend made in the oil fields to 304 00:17:34,480 --> 00:17:38,520 Speaker 4: fund her work. Every episode of this Micro show is 305 00:17:38,560 --> 00:17:42,200 Speaker 4: sponsored by the oil and gas industry, specifically the American 306 00:17:42,240 --> 00:17:46,720 Speaker 4: Petroleum Institute and Distribution Contractors Association, which is like a 307 00:17:46,720 --> 00:17:50,760 Speaker 4: lobbying group for fossil fuel pipeline contractors. Mike says that 308 00:17:50,800 --> 00:17:53,159 Speaker 4: this is who's funding the show himself. At the end 309 00:17:53,240 --> 00:17:55,159 Speaker 4: of every single episode. 310 00:17:54,800 --> 00:17:58,280 Speaker 2: Sixth agree is sponsored by the oil and natural gas industry. Why, 311 00:17:58,560 --> 00:18:01,399 Speaker 2: because oil and natural gas connects everything. 312 00:18:02,119 --> 00:18:06,880 Speaker 4: He says that in every single episode, like every episode 313 00:18:06,960 --> 00:18:10,639 Speaker 4: has something like and the crazy thing is like sometimes 314 00:18:10,680 --> 00:18:13,159 Speaker 4: it's just you know, six degrees is sponsored by the 315 00:18:13,160 --> 00:18:15,120 Speaker 4: oil and gas industry because we need oil and gas 316 00:18:15,160 --> 00:18:18,200 Speaker 4: for everything whatever. But other times, like in this episode, 317 00:18:18,560 --> 00:18:21,199 Speaker 4: he actually goes back through the story and it's like, 318 00:18:21,440 --> 00:18:25,119 Speaker 4: here's why the existence of Tinder is also like connected 319 00:18:25,160 --> 00:18:29,040 Speaker 4: to the oil industry because like this random inventor who 320 00:18:29,080 --> 00:18:33,280 Speaker 4: invented a precursor to Wi Fi, her boyfriend made a 321 00:18:33,320 --> 00:18:34,960 Speaker 4: whole bunch of money in the oil fields, and so 322 00:18:35,040 --> 00:18:37,440 Speaker 4: we would have no Internet if it weren't for oil 323 00:18:37,440 --> 00:18:40,080 Speaker 4: and gas. Like you know, we need oil and gas 324 00:18:40,119 --> 00:18:41,959 Speaker 4: for everything to run, and we need the money from 325 00:18:42,000 --> 00:18:43,240 Speaker 4: oil and gas for everything to run. 326 00:18:43,320 --> 00:18:44,199 Speaker 5: It's really wild. 327 00:18:44,400 --> 00:18:46,280 Speaker 3: It is wild because like the whole conceit of the 328 00:18:46,320 --> 00:18:49,040 Speaker 3: show is very much a thing that the industry likes 329 00:18:49,080 --> 00:18:51,359 Speaker 3: to push a lot too, which is like we are 330 00:18:51,440 --> 00:18:52,719 Speaker 3: the center of everything. 331 00:18:53,040 --> 00:18:55,600 Speaker 5: You cannot live without us. Yeah, yeah, definitely. 332 00:18:57,280 --> 00:18:59,320 Speaker 3: This feels like a good moment to note that we 333 00:18:59,359 --> 00:19:02,600 Speaker 3: did reach out to Discovery to ask them about their 334 00:19:02,720 --> 00:19:08,120 Speaker 3: various corporate partnerships, specifically with respect to these education initiatives. 335 00:19:08,800 --> 00:19:11,160 Speaker 3: No one has gotten back to us yet, but we're 336 00:19:11,160 --> 00:19:13,680 Speaker 3: still very interested in talking to them and we're still 337 00:19:13,720 --> 00:19:17,159 Speaker 3: trying to reach them. So if you have any information 338 00:19:17,480 --> 00:19:22,239 Speaker 3: on Discovery Education's relationships with its various corporate partners, hit 339 00:19:22,320 --> 00:19:25,239 Speaker 3: us up at tips at gizmoto dot com. Or if 340 00:19:25,280 --> 00:19:27,399 Speaker 3: you want to submit something anonymously, you can do that 341 00:19:27,440 --> 00:19:30,240 Speaker 3: through drilled secure drop link which will stick in the 342 00:19:30,280 --> 00:19:30,920 Speaker 3: show notes. 343 00:19:31,320 --> 00:19:32,639 Speaker 5: Yes, please do. 344 00:19:33,359 --> 00:19:36,159 Speaker 4: And Discovery Education is kind of known as a major 345 00:19:36,280 --> 00:19:39,840 Speaker 4: player in schools worldwide. My mom was a teacher for 346 00:19:39,920 --> 00:19:43,879 Speaker 4: like twenty eight years and she's definitely used their materials. Yeah, 347 00:19:43,920 --> 00:19:47,440 Speaker 4: And on their website they claim to serve approximately four 348 00:19:47,480 --> 00:19:52,160 Speaker 4: point five million educators and forty five million students worldwide. 349 00:19:52,640 --> 00:19:56,000 Speaker 4: Their resources are accessed in over one hundred and forty countries, 350 00:19:56,040 --> 00:19:57,199 Speaker 4: which is wild. 351 00:19:57,560 --> 00:19:58,359 Speaker 5: It's incredible. 352 00:19:58,480 --> 00:20:01,800 Speaker 3: Yeah, and that is a lot of opportunities for companies 353 00:20:01,880 --> 00:20:06,159 Speaker 3: to shape people's ideas about the world, how it works, 354 00:20:06,320 --> 00:20:07,000 Speaker 3: and how. 355 00:20:06,800 --> 00:20:07,800 Speaker 5: It should work. 356 00:20:08,480 --> 00:20:11,800 Speaker 3: And Discovery doesn't just focus on science and tech. They 357 00:20:11,880 --> 00:20:16,040 Speaker 3: offer curricula in social studies too. They're obviously not the 358 00:20:16,080 --> 00:20:19,680 Speaker 3: only educational publisher out there or the only educational company 359 00:20:19,800 --> 00:20:22,760 Speaker 3: with corporate partners, but they're a really, really big one. 360 00:20:24,080 --> 00:20:26,959 Speaker 3: I asked that teacher we heard from earlier on William 361 00:20:27,080 --> 00:20:30,480 Speaker 3: van Doren, about what he thought about this stuff and 362 00:20:30,560 --> 00:20:32,919 Speaker 3: whether he thought it would be an effective way for 363 00:20:33,040 --> 00:20:37,840 Speaker 3: companies to message or whether you know, high school students 364 00:20:37,840 --> 00:20:40,919 Speaker 3: are too shrewd and too cool to fall for some 365 00:20:40,960 --> 00:20:41,560 Speaker 3: of this stuff. 366 00:20:41,720 --> 00:20:43,600 Speaker 8: If you can reach the youths, if you can reach 367 00:20:43,640 --> 00:20:46,720 Speaker 8: them in school, like, if it's in school, it lends 368 00:20:46,720 --> 00:20:50,520 Speaker 8: this credibility to it, right and is not be essing though. 369 00:20:50,720 --> 00:20:53,520 Speaker 8: You know, I think if there's a speaker in the classroom, 370 00:20:54,160 --> 00:20:55,960 Speaker 8: the kids are generally going. 371 00:20:55,720 --> 00:20:58,000 Speaker 1: To think it's pretty credible. 372 00:20:58,240 --> 00:21:02,000 Speaker 8: I mean, you know, teenagers can be suspicious on some level, 373 00:21:02,040 --> 00:21:06,480 Speaker 8: but I think fundamentally they trusted the teacher knows what 374 00:21:06,520 --> 00:21:10,720 Speaker 8: they're talking about, has some expertise and authority. I mean, 375 00:21:10,760 --> 00:21:13,120 Speaker 8: if I were a propagandist, I'd be wanting to get 376 00:21:13,160 --> 00:21:14,199 Speaker 8: into classrooms. 377 00:21:16,000 --> 00:21:16,639 Speaker 1: That's major. 378 00:21:17,359 --> 00:21:20,800 Speaker 4: It is major, And yet people working in the fossil 379 00:21:20,800 --> 00:21:25,360 Speaker 4: fuel industry still really push this narrative that they're at 380 00:21:25,400 --> 00:21:28,679 Speaker 4: a disadvantage in schools, Like they say that kids are 381 00:21:28,720 --> 00:21:32,399 Speaker 4: being brainwashed by leftist teachers who hate the oil and 382 00:21:32,440 --> 00:21:36,479 Speaker 4: gas industry. And we obtained this audio from this recent 383 00:21:36,760 --> 00:21:41,080 Speaker 4: National Association of Petroleum Engineers expo where several industry leaders 384 00:21:41,080 --> 00:21:43,240 Speaker 4: are actually complaining about just that our. 385 00:21:43,200 --> 00:21:45,119 Speaker 12: Kids and grandkids have been taught by a bunch of 386 00:21:45,200 --> 00:21:49,440 Speaker 12: Vietnam draft dodge and tenured professors, but how terrible our 387 00:21:49,520 --> 00:21:52,399 Speaker 12: country is and how terrible oil and gas is. 388 00:21:52,480 --> 00:21:56,600 Speaker 3: This is Wayne Christian from the Texas Railroad Commission, which 389 00:21:56,640 --> 00:22:00,480 Speaker 3: is the state agency overseeing oil gas pipeline and cool 390 00:22:00,680 --> 00:22:05,800 Speaker 3: not rail in Texas. It's kind of little known outside 391 00:22:05,840 --> 00:22:09,200 Speaker 3: of I think energy and climate circles, but it wields 392 00:22:09,200 --> 00:22:10,680 Speaker 3: a lot of power. 393 00:22:10,320 --> 00:22:12,280 Speaker 12: And in this day in time, folks, it's time we 394 00:22:12,440 --> 00:22:14,560 Speaker 12: get on our big boy and girl bitches and stand 395 00:22:14,640 --> 00:22:17,359 Speaker 12: up and get the facts out for what's good of 396 00:22:17,359 --> 00:22:23,080 Speaker 12: oil and guess in the state of Texas in America period. 397 00:22:24,720 --> 00:22:29,160 Speaker 4: Yeah, it's really just remarkable how similar this whole narrative 398 00:22:29,280 --> 00:22:31,800 Speaker 4: is to one of the big messages in that industry 399 00:22:31,840 --> 00:22:35,000 Speaker 4: presentation that we talked about in episode one, this idea 400 00:22:35,040 --> 00:22:37,920 Speaker 4: that kids are like not learning enough about oil and 401 00:22:37,960 --> 00:22:40,720 Speaker 4: gas in school, so the industry needs to close that 402 00:22:40,880 --> 00:22:41,800 Speaker 4: education gap. 403 00:22:42,240 --> 00:22:43,120 Speaker 5: Yeah, exactly. 404 00:22:43,200 --> 00:22:46,119 Speaker 3: It's very much talked about as oh, people are just 405 00:22:46,760 --> 00:22:50,320 Speaker 3: worried about environmental issues because they don't know how awesome 406 00:22:50,480 --> 00:22:52,520 Speaker 3: oil and gas is, or how much they need it, 407 00:22:52,920 --> 00:22:57,040 Speaker 3: or how much we're actually doing about environmental issues. Here's 408 00:22:57,080 --> 00:23:01,679 Speaker 3: Stephanie Read, a VP of marketing at Pioneer Natural Resources, 409 00:23:01,680 --> 00:23:05,560 Speaker 3: it's a natural gas company, also talking at that EXMO. 410 00:23:06,320 --> 00:23:08,280 Speaker 13: And I love hearing that there are even some high 411 00:23:08,320 --> 00:23:12,119 Speaker 13: schools in around the Permian Basin that are offering oil 412 00:23:12,200 --> 00:23:15,480 Speaker 13: and gas one oh one courses and it's incredible and 413 00:23:15,560 --> 00:23:17,320 Speaker 13: I feel look back and I'm like, where was all 414 00:23:17,320 --> 00:23:18,400 Speaker 13: of this when I was a kid. 415 00:23:18,600 --> 00:23:19,040 Speaker 5: I agree. 416 00:23:19,040 --> 00:23:22,840 Speaker 13: I think it can really drive that change in the 417 00:23:22,920 --> 00:23:26,240 Speaker 13: narrative that other students are hearing about the industry. 418 00:23:26,280 --> 00:23:26,919 Speaker 5: And I love that. 419 00:23:27,720 --> 00:23:30,800 Speaker 13: I love that there's a huge push just to give 420 00:23:31,320 --> 00:23:32,200 Speaker 13: people exposure. 421 00:23:32,920 --> 00:23:34,280 Speaker 5: So I think that's fantastic. 422 00:23:40,320 --> 00:23:43,960 Speaker 4: This whole thing of like publishing these ideas through really 423 00:23:44,040 --> 00:23:48,359 Speaker 4: reputable educational publishers and pushing content or ideas that just 424 00:23:48,440 --> 00:23:52,040 Speaker 4: generally make space for the industry or talk about this 425 00:23:52,119 --> 00:23:54,879 Speaker 4: idea of trade offs between the environment and the economy, 426 00:23:55,200 --> 00:23:57,800 Speaker 4: or how the practical thing is to always put the 427 00:23:57,800 --> 00:24:01,679 Speaker 4: economy first. All of these ideas are really subtle and 428 00:24:01,720 --> 00:24:06,000 Speaker 4: really smart, and they clearly work even on suspicious teams. 429 00:24:06,720 --> 00:24:09,359 Speaker 3: Yeah yeah, I mean, if there's one thing I've learned 430 00:24:10,080 --> 00:24:13,399 Speaker 3: from reporting on oil companies for twenty years, it's that 431 00:24:13,480 --> 00:24:16,400 Speaker 3: they generally don't invest money in things that don't pay dividends, 432 00:24:16,640 --> 00:24:19,360 Speaker 3: you know, like they're they're not going to keep doing 433 00:24:19,400 --> 00:24:22,920 Speaker 3: something for decades if it's not working. And we've been 434 00:24:22,960 --> 00:24:26,080 Speaker 3: hearing for a while that the industry is worried about 435 00:24:26,080 --> 00:24:29,719 Speaker 3: a shrinking talent pipeline. So on top of you know, 436 00:24:29,880 --> 00:24:33,680 Speaker 3: obviously wanting to shape people's ideas about how the industry 437 00:24:33,720 --> 00:24:36,080 Speaker 3: works and its rule in society and all of those things, 438 00:24:36,119 --> 00:24:39,080 Speaker 3: they're worried about this very practical issue of not having 439 00:24:39,160 --> 00:24:43,160 Speaker 3: enough workers going into oil companies. Fewer and fewer young 440 00:24:43,160 --> 00:24:45,440 Speaker 3: people see it as a good industry to go into. 441 00:24:46,320 --> 00:24:50,880 Speaker 3: The American Petroleum Institute's announcement about the STEM Careers Coalition 442 00:24:51,400 --> 00:24:55,639 Speaker 3: that they're doing with Discovery really actually frames that whole 443 00:24:55,680 --> 00:25:00,440 Speaker 3: project as an API initiative around training future works. 444 00:25:00,920 --> 00:25:04,480 Speaker 5: It reads quote to mark National STEM Day. 445 00:25:05,040 --> 00:25:08,159 Speaker 3: API and a group of partners are launching the STEM 446 00:25:08,240 --> 00:25:13,760 Speaker 3: Careers Coalition that focuses on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics 447 00:25:13,840 --> 00:25:17,040 Speaker 3: in the K through twelve grades with an emphasis on 448 00:25:17,240 --> 00:25:18,600 Speaker 3: equity and access. 449 00:25:18,920 --> 00:25:21,800 Speaker 4: And then it gets even clearer with this quote from 450 00:25:22,000 --> 00:25:26,960 Speaker 4: API's president Mike Summers. Later in the release, he says, quote, 451 00:25:27,280 --> 00:25:31,720 Speaker 4: investing in STEM education and introducing young people to innovative 452 00:25:31,800 --> 00:25:35,359 Speaker 4: careers in the natural gas and oil industry is a 453 00:25:35,359 --> 00:25:39,879 Speaker 4: critical step toward tackling the world's greatest energy challenges and 454 00:25:39,920 --> 00:25:43,840 Speaker 4: creating a better tomorrow. As an industry that supports more 455 00:25:43,880 --> 00:25:47,359 Speaker 4: than ten million American jobs, we're committed to building the 456 00:25:47,400 --> 00:25:50,480 Speaker 4: workforce of the future and preparing the next generation of 457 00:25:50,560 --> 00:25:53,240 Speaker 4: leaders with the skills they need to succeed. 458 00:25:54,320 --> 00:25:57,920 Speaker 3: Yeah, a good double message there. We're going to train 459 00:25:58,160 --> 00:26:00,879 Speaker 3: and attract young people, but also. 460 00:26:01,400 --> 00:26:04,720 Speaker 5: Don't forget how many jobs we provide. Yeah, don't forget that. 461 00:26:04,720 --> 00:26:06,919 Speaker 5: You uh, don't forget that you need us, you need us. 462 00:26:06,920 --> 00:26:09,679 Speaker 4: It seems to be the main focus in high school, 463 00:26:09,800 --> 00:26:12,520 Speaker 4: really reminding people over and over and over again that 464 00:26:12,560 --> 00:26:15,520 Speaker 4: the economy is dependent on fossil fuels. 465 00:26:15,520 --> 00:26:18,440 Speaker 3: That's right, and reminding people what kind of economy we're 466 00:26:18,480 --> 00:26:23,880 Speaker 3: supposed to have as Americans, that whole free enterprise equals 467 00:26:23,880 --> 00:26:28,000 Speaker 3: freedom equals America. Thing only ramps up when you get 468 00:26:28,040 --> 00:26:31,160 Speaker 3: to the university programs. I mean it really kicks into 469 00:26:31,240 --> 00:26:34,440 Speaker 3: high gear there, and that's where we're going to head 470 00:26:34,600 --> 00:26:37,120 Speaker 3: next time. It's going to be a razer. 471 00:26:40,520 --> 00:26:42,080 Speaker 5: So good. 472 00:26:49,400 --> 00:26:54,000 Speaker 3: Drilled is an original production of the Critical Frequency podcast Network. 473 00:26:54,240 --> 00:26:57,840 Speaker 3: This series is a collaboration with Earther, his moto's climate 474 00:26:57,920 --> 00:27:00,520 Speaker 3: and justice site. My co host and co reporter for 475 00:27:00,600 --> 00:27:04,400 Speaker 3: the series is Darna Noor. Our editors are Julia Richie 476 00:27:04,400 --> 00:27:07,960 Speaker 3: for Drilled and Brian Kahn for Earther. Our producer is 477 00:27:08,040 --> 00:27:12,720 Speaker 3: Juliana Bradley. Mixing and mastering by Peter Duff. Our factchecker 478 00:27:12,800 --> 00:27:16,040 Speaker 3: is Trevor Gowan. Music is by Martin Wissenberg. 479 00:27:16,160 --> 00:27:17,800 Speaker 5: Our artwork was created. 480 00:27:17,400 --> 00:27:21,160 Speaker 3: By Matthew Fleming. Our First Amendment attorney is James Wheaton 481 00:27:21,240 --> 00:27:26,040 Speaker 3: of the First Amendment Project. You can find corresponding stories, videos, 482 00:27:26,080 --> 00:27:30,040 Speaker 3: and documents for this series on earther dot com. Thanks 483 00:27:30,119 --> 00:27:31,960 Speaker 3: for listening and we'll see you next time.