1 00:00:00,280 --> 00:00:03,880 Speaker 1: This episode of Stuff You Should Know is sponsored by Squarespace. 2 00:00:04,120 --> 00:00:06,640 Speaker 1: Whether you need a landing page, a beautiful gallery of 3 00:00:06,720 --> 00:00:10,119 Speaker 1: professional blogger, an online store, it's all possible with the 4 00:00:10,200 --> 00:00:14,200 Speaker 1: Squarespace website. Go to squarespace dot com and set your 5 00:00:14,240 --> 00:00:19,040 Speaker 1: website apart. Welcome to you Stuff you Should Know from 6 00:00:19,040 --> 00:00:27,720 Speaker 1: House Stuff Works dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. 7 00:00:27,760 --> 00:00:31,040 Speaker 1: I'm Josh Park. There's Charles W. Chuck Bryant and Jerry's 8 00:00:31,080 --> 00:00:34,760 Speaker 1: over there, and there's some coffee. Let's see a few posters. Uh, 9 00:00:34,800 --> 00:00:41,160 Speaker 1: there's a Beasley brand storage thing. You're getting. You're getting 10 00:00:41,159 --> 00:00:43,920 Speaker 1: some of that Beasley catch come in your way? Maybe 11 00:00:43,920 --> 00:00:46,800 Speaker 1: what was that all about? I hope it's Beasley, it 12 00:00:46,880 --> 00:00:50,040 Speaker 1: could also be Bisley. I don't know. You know, I 13 00:00:50,040 --> 00:00:52,160 Speaker 1: got a listener mail from someone who went to get 14 00:00:52,159 --> 00:00:56,480 Speaker 1: a Bond side tree in Boston after they were inspired 15 00:00:56,520 --> 00:00:59,880 Speaker 1: after our episode, and the dude she's like, have you've 16 00:00:59,880 --> 00:01:02,200 Speaker 1: been busy? Think? I was like, this week we've been 17 00:01:02,640 --> 00:01:04,600 Speaker 1: like people want Bonds eye trees. The phone has been 18 00:01:04,640 --> 00:01:07,760 Speaker 1: off the hook. No way. Yeah, we could be getting 19 00:01:07,800 --> 00:01:10,840 Speaker 1: some of that bonds ie scratch. We definitely should be. 20 00:01:10,920 --> 00:01:14,240 Speaker 1: We're getting nothing. Japan should be giving us money. Man, 21 00:01:15,040 --> 00:01:18,200 Speaker 1: what's their monetary unit again? Is it still the end? 22 00:01:18,240 --> 00:01:22,559 Speaker 1: The Japanese yen? We we need many in coming our way. Yeah, 23 00:01:22,800 --> 00:01:25,679 Speaker 1: soon many yet, and they're gonna try to flash some 24 00:01:25,760 --> 00:01:27,840 Speaker 1: numbers that you know you'll be like, wow, that's a lot. 25 00:01:28,240 --> 00:01:30,639 Speaker 1: Just remember it's about a hundred yend to one dollars. 26 00:01:30,720 --> 00:01:33,240 Speaker 1: I'll just ten. I'll let you negotiate that one. I 27 00:01:33,280 --> 00:01:37,360 Speaker 1: think it's ten now, Yeah, I remember, uh. And the 28 00:01:37,400 --> 00:01:41,120 Speaker 1: other night I turned on the television and Karate Kid 29 00:01:41,160 --> 00:01:46,560 Speaker 1: was on that just moments before the Wonderful Bonds I seen. Yeah, 30 00:01:46,600 --> 00:01:48,840 Speaker 1: I thought you took a picture of your television and 31 00:01:48,840 --> 00:01:52,280 Speaker 1: I put it on Instagram, our instagram s, y s 32 00:01:52,320 --> 00:01:56,040 Speaker 1: K podcast. Yeah, we're trying to take more pictures that 33 00:01:56,080 --> 00:02:00,600 Speaker 1: what you do share ourselves. Yeah. Uh, but this isn't 34 00:02:00,600 --> 00:02:03,200 Speaker 1: about one. No, I've got one more shout out though. Um. 35 00:02:03,240 --> 00:02:06,040 Speaker 1: There's a dude named Aaron Sits who remember when we 36 00:02:06,080 --> 00:02:08,960 Speaker 1: had our horror fiction contest years back, and we said 37 00:02:09,000 --> 00:02:12,359 Speaker 1: that anybody who was a part of it, if they 38 00:02:12,360 --> 00:02:15,160 Speaker 1: ever published anything, we give him a shout out in perpetuity. 39 00:02:15,280 --> 00:02:18,960 Speaker 1: In perpetuity, and Aaron Sites published something. He published a 40 00:02:19,040 --> 00:02:22,920 Speaker 1: short story collection called The Andrew Jackson Stories, UM. And 41 00:02:23,040 --> 00:02:25,880 Speaker 1: he says that it was published by Lockjaw magazine. And 42 00:02:25,919 --> 00:02:29,280 Speaker 1: he said they're about Andrew Jackson about as much as 43 00:02:29,400 --> 00:02:32,600 Speaker 1: Richard Broad against trout fishing in America's about trout fishing. 44 00:02:32,840 --> 00:02:35,160 Speaker 1: That means nothing to me. Well, it wasn't really about 45 00:02:35,160 --> 00:02:39,480 Speaker 1: trout fishing. Um. But the the it's a slim little book. 46 00:02:39,520 --> 00:02:41,000 Speaker 1: He sent it to us. I haven't read it yet, 47 00:02:41,000 --> 00:02:43,280 Speaker 1: but he swears up and down that it's awesome. So 48 00:02:43,320 --> 00:02:45,160 Speaker 1: we're gonna go ahead and take his word for it. 49 00:02:45,360 --> 00:02:48,000 Speaker 1: But congratulations Aaron Sites And if you want to go 50 00:02:48,040 --> 00:02:51,000 Speaker 1: get your hands on Andrew Jackson's Stories, go look it up, 51 00:02:51,400 --> 00:02:55,880 Speaker 1: go to the Lockjaw magazine side I would imagine. So 52 00:02:56,080 --> 00:03:01,120 Speaker 1: that's done, and now we can talk about Controlled Burn. Yes, 53 00:03:02,120 --> 00:03:06,919 Speaker 1: good band name, Control Burn, Yeah, depending on like maybe 54 00:03:06,960 --> 00:03:10,440 Speaker 1: if it was like a soft rock group. Yeah, yeah, 55 00:03:10,440 --> 00:03:14,320 Speaker 1: they're like a eighties wedding band, Controlled Burn. Good evening 56 00:03:14,320 --> 00:03:16,440 Speaker 1: we were Controlled Burn. And this is by E. L 57 00:03:16,520 --> 00:03:23,600 Speaker 1: O right or Loggins and Messina. Yeah, I'm not dissing 58 00:03:23,840 --> 00:03:25,800 Speaker 1: l O. By the way, I love No Llo was great. 59 00:03:27,040 --> 00:03:33,320 Speaker 1: Did you see Kenny Loggins on documentary now Parter yeah, 60 00:03:33,360 --> 00:03:35,400 Speaker 1: which episode is that? It was the two part one 61 00:03:35,440 --> 00:03:39,119 Speaker 1: about them? What were the what? What did uh? What 62 00:03:39,200 --> 00:03:42,320 Speaker 1: was their thing? Oh? They were a band? They were Um, 63 00:03:42,360 --> 00:03:44,280 Speaker 1: oh that's right, that was the band. Yeah yeah, yeah, 64 00:03:44,360 --> 00:03:46,320 Speaker 1: it was like the greatest band name ever. It was 65 00:03:46,400 --> 00:03:49,200 Speaker 1: I want to say California Chrome, but that was that Racehorse. 66 00:03:50,520 --> 00:03:53,560 Speaker 1: I don't remember what they were called. Was it Controlled Burn? No? 67 00:03:54,120 --> 00:03:56,440 Speaker 1: But that that was a good one. That two parter. 68 00:03:56,680 --> 00:04:00,760 Speaker 1: Great show. I love that show. Uh, there's a new 69 00:04:00,800 --> 00:04:06,080 Speaker 1: season coming out right, Uh they should Okay, so um 70 00:04:06,120 --> 00:04:09,520 Speaker 1: again we're talking about Control Burning, not a band, an 71 00:04:09,520 --> 00:04:13,640 Speaker 1: actual thing. Yeah. And this ties into our Wildfires episode yeah, 72 00:04:13,680 --> 00:04:19,080 Speaker 1: which we did um years back. Yeah. Um, but Chuck, 73 00:04:19,320 --> 00:04:24,440 Speaker 1: I always loved the opportunity to talk about Oh here 74 00:04:24,440 --> 00:04:27,880 Speaker 1: we go and here's what now? Alright, so um, it 75 00:04:27,920 --> 00:04:30,520 Speaker 1: wasn't until about fourteen on one. The book by the way, 76 00:04:30,839 --> 00:04:35,560 Speaker 1: if you're new to the show, Josh's long uh stated 77 00:04:35,600 --> 00:04:39,320 Speaker 1: favorite book so long, and you've talked about it a lot, 78 00:04:39,839 --> 00:04:42,600 Speaker 1: at least fifty sixty times. And I would have read 79 00:04:42,640 --> 00:04:44,000 Speaker 1: it by now if you hadn't have talked about it 80 00:04:44,080 --> 00:04:45,760 Speaker 1: so much. You don't even need to now you know 81 00:04:45,800 --> 00:04:48,800 Speaker 1: the whole book so fourteen one. One of the premises 82 00:04:48,839 --> 00:04:52,520 Speaker 1: of it is that they're like, our understanding of UM, 83 00:04:52,960 --> 00:04:57,240 Speaker 1: Native America in North and Mezzo and South America prior 84 00:04:57,320 --> 00:05:01,320 Speaker 1: to Columbus coming over is like just totally wrong. There 85 00:05:01,320 --> 00:05:05,280 Speaker 1: were way more people, they were way more advanced then UM. 86 00:05:05,520 --> 00:05:09,039 Speaker 1: Anthropology and archaeology has long given them credit for the Internet. 87 00:05:09,760 --> 00:05:14,760 Speaker 1: Pretty much they did, UM. But it wasn't until like 88 00:05:14,800 --> 00:05:18,839 Speaker 1: the early two thousands that this idea of the noble 89 00:05:18,960 --> 00:05:22,839 Speaker 1: savage who treaded lightly on the on the ecosystem, on 90 00:05:22,880 --> 00:05:27,560 Speaker 1: the environment started to crumble, right and UM. We started 91 00:05:27,560 --> 00:05:31,640 Speaker 1: to realize that a lot of the features, what what 92 00:05:31,720 --> 00:05:34,919 Speaker 1: the early explorers thought were natural features of North and 93 00:05:35,040 --> 00:05:41,520 Speaker 1: South in Mesoamerica were um actually really well managed ecosystems, 94 00:05:41,839 --> 00:05:44,880 Speaker 1: right um. And one of the ways that Native Americans 95 00:05:45,000 --> 00:05:50,080 Speaker 1: used or managed ecosystems was through fire. But again there 96 00:05:50,120 --> 00:05:52,520 Speaker 1: was this idea that Native Americans just had no idea 97 00:05:52,560 --> 00:05:55,440 Speaker 1: what they were doing with anything. So whenever archaeologists up 98 00:05:55,480 --> 00:05:58,479 Speaker 1: until about two thousand, two thousand one or two, the 99 00:05:58,560 --> 00:06:01,240 Speaker 1: late nineties maybe and it time they came across evidence 100 00:06:01,279 --> 00:06:04,000 Speaker 1: of like a fire and it seemed like the Native 101 00:06:04,040 --> 00:06:07,240 Speaker 1: Americans had said it they just assumed that either the 102 00:06:07,320 --> 00:06:10,520 Speaker 1: Native Americans had said it to amuse themselves because they're 103 00:06:10,520 --> 00:06:13,280 Speaker 1: big dummies, or because a campfire got out of control 104 00:06:13,320 --> 00:06:16,640 Speaker 1: because they're big dummies. But this is what they came 105 00:06:16,720 --> 00:06:18,840 Speaker 1: up with their like, oh, well, they clearly wanted to 106 00:06:18,880 --> 00:06:22,400 Speaker 1: set some fires for fun. They couldn't have possibly had 107 00:06:22,440 --> 00:06:25,560 Speaker 1: any any point to it. But then more and more 108 00:06:25,600 --> 00:06:28,560 Speaker 1: investigation has shown like, no, actually, not only did they 109 00:06:28,600 --> 00:06:31,120 Speaker 1: know what they were doing. Like, if you step back 110 00:06:31,160 --> 00:06:34,599 Speaker 1: and look at North America, the whole continent was a 111 00:06:34,680 --> 00:06:38,279 Speaker 1: managed set of ecosystems, and one of the ways they 112 00:06:38,320 --> 00:06:40,880 Speaker 1: did it was through fire. The other thing that interested 113 00:06:40,920 --> 00:06:43,839 Speaker 1: me too was depending on the the explorers and the 114 00:06:43,880 --> 00:06:49,320 Speaker 1: Europeans and the settlers that came over to to North America. Um, 115 00:06:49,520 --> 00:06:52,120 Speaker 1: some of them came and that was not anything new 116 00:06:52,120 --> 00:06:55,240 Speaker 1: to them. It turns out that using fire to manage 117 00:06:55,279 --> 00:07:00,080 Speaker 1: ecosystems is almost universal. Basically, yeah, I mean so of 118 00:07:00,120 --> 00:07:02,560 Speaker 1: the reasons they might have done it. Of course, these days, 119 00:07:03,000 --> 00:07:04,440 Speaker 1: one of the main reasons we do it is to 120 00:07:04,520 --> 00:07:08,279 Speaker 1: prevent forest fires from spreading, which we'll get to. But 121 00:07:08,360 --> 00:07:11,760 Speaker 1: back then, uh, they would use it to improve the 122 00:07:11,800 --> 00:07:18,320 Speaker 1: foraging conditions for free ranging cattle. Uh, increased visibility, access. 123 00:07:18,720 --> 00:07:21,400 Speaker 1: There were all kinds of great reasons to burn things 124 00:07:21,640 --> 00:07:25,840 Speaker 1: in a controlled way. Yeah. Supposedly the early explorers didn't 125 00:07:25,880 --> 00:07:28,320 Speaker 1: really think about it, but the historians went back and 126 00:07:28,320 --> 00:07:31,000 Speaker 1: looked at it. That the explorers who used to say, like, 127 00:07:31,040 --> 00:07:33,760 Speaker 1: you can't you can't get through the forests in North America. 128 00:07:34,040 --> 00:07:37,080 Speaker 1: We're talking about swamp land like lands that wouldn't burn. Ye, 129 00:07:37,440 --> 00:07:40,600 Speaker 1: but you could drive like a car through a forest 130 00:07:40,920 --> 00:07:45,200 Speaker 1: in like Ohio or something like that. Although there's swamps 131 00:07:45,240 --> 00:07:48,240 Speaker 1: in Ohio, a non swampy part of Ohio because of 132 00:07:48,280 --> 00:07:51,240 Speaker 1: the use of fire. The swamps in Ohio, Yeah, there were. 133 00:07:51,960 --> 00:07:56,840 Speaker 1: They filled them in and built to ledo over it. So, uh, 134 00:07:56,880 --> 00:07:59,600 Speaker 1: you were talking about the um when Europeans came upon 135 00:07:59,600 --> 00:08:03,040 Speaker 1: the scene. Um, it's really interesting. I read this article 136 00:08:03,200 --> 00:08:08,720 Speaker 1: called the Historical Foundations of Prescribed Burning for Wildlife colon 137 00:08:09,400 --> 00:08:13,240 Speaker 1: a Southeastern Perspective Beautiful by A. Sydney Johnson and Philippe Hale, 138 00:08:13,640 --> 00:08:15,880 Speaker 1: and it was I think it was an academic paper 139 00:08:15,920 --> 00:08:18,440 Speaker 1: or something, but it started dawn on me when they 140 00:08:18,440 --> 00:08:21,800 Speaker 1: were talking about the founding of America. Why we ended 141 00:08:21,880 --> 00:08:25,440 Speaker 1: up like we ended up. Um, it just kind of 142 00:08:25,480 --> 00:08:28,520 Speaker 1: all came together for me. I love reading stuff like 143 00:08:28,560 --> 00:08:31,720 Speaker 1: that that connects dots that weren't connected before, and this 144 00:08:31,800 --> 00:08:35,280 Speaker 1: was a simple dot I should have connected before. But basically, 145 00:08:35,360 --> 00:08:38,800 Speaker 1: in the northeast of the United States, it was largely 146 00:08:38,840 --> 00:08:42,360 Speaker 1: settled by people from the southern lowlands of England, people 147 00:08:42,440 --> 00:08:45,680 Speaker 1: that lived in cities and people that had not for 148 00:08:45,720 --> 00:08:48,120 Speaker 1: the most part, lived on farms and didn't have a 149 00:08:48,120 --> 00:08:52,319 Speaker 1: lot of experience with agriculture, and certainly not with prescribed burning, 150 00:08:52,400 --> 00:08:55,880 Speaker 1: which is another name for a controlled burn. Uh. And 151 00:08:55,920 --> 00:09:00,000 Speaker 1: then in the south, particularly the southeast, we were more 152 00:09:00,040 --> 00:09:04,200 Speaker 1: populated by people from rural areas of the UK and 153 00:09:04,240 --> 00:09:07,679 Speaker 1: Scotland and Ireland and western England. They had a lot 154 00:09:07,679 --> 00:09:11,200 Speaker 1: of experience with farming. And then I started to think, oh, 155 00:09:11,200 --> 00:09:13,760 Speaker 1: wait a minute, that all just makes total sense. That's 156 00:09:13,760 --> 00:09:16,960 Speaker 1: why the Northeast became industrialized. Why the South we're a 157 00:09:16,960 --> 00:09:21,840 Speaker 1: bunch of yokels. They were agrarian, and uh, it just 158 00:09:21,880 --> 00:09:24,120 Speaker 1: sort of it was very obvious thing, but it just 159 00:09:24,160 --> 00:09:27,640 Speaker 1: sort of like coalesced in my mind. Yeah. I knew 160 00:09:27,679 --> 00:09:31,880 Speaker 1: that part already, the industrialization aspects of it. But one 161 00:09:31,880 --> 00:09:35,559 Speaker 1: of the things that coalest for me was wondering how 162 00:09:35,640 --> 00:09:39,960 Speaker 1: much of the Civil War was driven by by rivalries 163 00:09:40,280 --> 00:09:43,720 Speaker 1: that go back to England and Scotland and Ireland rather 164 00:09:43,760 --> 00:09:47,040 Speaker 1: than you know, the just the context of North America 165 00:09:47,040 --> 00:09:50,840 Speaker 1: in the US. Absolutely, because I think for the most part, 166 00:09:50,880 --> 00:09:54,439 Speaker 1: once people came over here, they did things like they 167 00:09:54,440 --> 00:09:59,080 Speaker 1: did them were there, which makes sense. Like Scarlett O'Hara's 168 00:09:59,240 --> 00:10:06,240 Speaker 1: father had Irish brogue. Remember, No, Yeah, her dad he had. 169 00:10:06,880 --> 00:10:09,520 Speaker 1: I'm pretty sure he didn't. I'm losing my mind. R. Well, 170 00:10:09,559 --> 00:10:11,599 Speaker 1: it's been a while since i've seen that movie. H 171 00:10:11,960 --> 00:10:15,400 Speaker 1: I'm pretty sure I believe it. But it makes sense. 172 00:10:15,440 --> 00:10:17,800 Speaker 1: And like you said, maybe the attitudes came along with that. 173 00:10:18,320 --> 00:10:22,240 Speaker 1: Maybe that carried over into how people felt about each 174 00:10:22,280 --> 00:10:26,040 Speaker 1: other pre Civil War. Yeah, I'll bet it. But the 175 00:10:26,760 --> 00:10:29,480 Speaker 1: point of all this is that up north there was 176 00:10:29,679 --> 00:10:33,360 Speaker 1: fire suppression that was the key driver, right, Like they 177 00:10:33,360 --> 00:10:35,880 Speaker 1: would they would try to keep fires from breaking out 178 00:10:35,920 --> 00:10:39,160 Speaker 1: under any circumstances. Yeah, and don't get confused, because a 179 00:10:39,240 --> 00:10:43,520 Speaker 1: suppressing fire is a controlled burn. Fire. Suppression is putting 180 00:10:43,559 --> 00:10:46,520 Speaker 1: out fires. So maybe we should just say up north, 181 00:10:46,960 --> 00:10:49,920 Speaker 1: they didn't think that starting fires on purpose was smart. Yeah, 182 00:10:50,120 --> 00:10:53,400 Speaker 1: they were like and down south they said no, no, no, 183 00:10:53,440 --> 00:10:55,079 Speaker 1: this is We've been doing it in England for years. 184 00:10:55,120 --> 00:10:57,400 Speaker 1: They were like fire, Yeah, fire is a good way 185 00:10:57,440 --> 00:11:00,840 Speaker 1: to manage things. Yeah, and that's how the sation was divided, 186 00:11:00,840 --> 00:11:03,280 Speaker 1: at least at first, and then the Civil War happened, 187 00:11:03,960 --> 00:11:09,640 Speaker 1: and interestingly, UM the Yankees came down and said, hey, 188 00:11:09,760 --> 00:11:13,640 Speaker 1: this old plantation, UM will make a really great hunting preserve, 189 00:11:14,520 --> 00:11:16,840 Speaker 1: and I'm going to buy it now that I own 190 00:11:16,920 --> 00:11:19,520 Speaker 1: this enormous tract of land in the South, I'm a 191 00:11:19,600 --> 00:11:22,640 Speaker 1: Yankee and we don't believe in fire, so I'm gonna 192 00:11:22,640 --> 00:11:25,120 Speaker 1: make sure no fire ever breaks out here, even though 193 00:11:25,160 --> 00:11:33,079 Speaker 1: everybody's been using UM fire techniques for generations. Yeah. And interestingly, 194 00:11:33,160 --> 00:11:38,080 Speaker 1: to the fire techniques that the founders in the South 195 00:11:38,559 --> 00:11:41,800 Speaker 1: used where the same kind that the Native Americans in 196 00:11:41,840 --> 00:11:44,720 Speaker 1: the area used, so like they're on the same page, 197 00:11:45,200 --> 00:11:48,559 Speaker 1: thousands of miles apart, and basically came and kind of 198 00:11:48,600 --> 00:11:50,680 Speaker 1: started doing the same thing or kept doing the same 199 00:11:50,720 --> 00:11:53,400 Speaker 1: thing that Native Americans were doing. And what makes that 200 00:11:53,480 --> 00:11:57,800 Speaker 1: even more interesting is that UM It's using fire is 201 00:11:57,840 --> 00:12:02,840 Speaker 1: not universal to ecosystems like you. There's different techniques or 202 00:12:02,920 --> 00:12:05,280 Speaker 1: not using it at all, depending on the type of 203 00:12:05,320 --> 00:12:08,760 Speaker 1: ecosystem you're dealing with. Well, yeah, because in the in 204 00:12:08,880 --> 00:12:13,400 Speaker 1: the UH Southern Lowlands, apparently the forests were like fire 205 00:12:13,440 --> 00:12:16,000 Speaker 1: sensitive hardwoods and spruce tree. So it's sort of depended 206 00:12:16,080 --> 00:12:19,160 Speaker 1: on what kind of forest you had, right, I guess 207 00:12:19,200 --> 00:12:25,120 Speaker 1: there's weren't as flammable, right, or inflammable, which is a 208 00:12:25,120 --> 00:12:28,520 Speaker 1: word I think we should just get rid of entirely. Inflammable. Yeah, 209 00:12:28,600 --> 00:12:31,400 Speaker 1: it means the same thing, is flammable, but it sounds 210 00:12:31,400 --> 00:12:35,800 Speaker 1: like it means the opposite. It's just a stupid word. Really, Yeah, inflammable, 211 00:12:35,880 --> 00:12:38,679 Speaker 1: I've never heard of it. Well, that's great, that's all 212 00:12:38,720 --> 00:12:41,640 Speaker 1: the more reason to get rid of it. That's crazy. 213 00:12:41,840 --> 00:12:47,520 Speaker 1: Inflammable means flammable. What's the point, man? What a dumb language. 214 00:12:48,120 --> 00:12:52,760 Speaker 1: So um, the point of the whole thing is that 215 00:12:53,160 --> 00:12:58,400 Speaker 1: fire is a natural feature of a living, thriving ecosystem. 216 00:12:58,760 --> 00:13:02,480 Speaker 1: It's it's something humans terrified of, but on the on 217 00:13:02,600 --> 00:13:06,479 Speaker 1: the environmental level, on the ecological level, it's a necessary 218 00:13:06,520 --> 00:13:11,480 Speaker 1: component to keep any or most ecosystems healthy. Right, And 219 00:13:11,640 --> 00:13:14,520 Speaker 1: some groups of people understood this. The people who ended 220 00:13:14,559 --> 00:13:17,480 Speaker 1: up running the show after the Civil War did not 221 00:13:17,640 --> 00:13:21,120 Speaker 1: believe this, and it actually has had a very large 222 00:13:21,160 --> 00:13:24,520 Speaker 1: impact throughout the twentieth century in the United States, which 223 00:13:24,520 --> 00:13:28,080 Speaker 1: were just now overcoming. We can actually thank one guy 224 00:13:28,559 --> 00:13:32,640 Speaker 1: for changing the attitude toward fires and using them for 225 00:13:32,800 --> 00:13:36,120 Speaker 1: um wildfire management. And we'll talk about him right after this. 226 00:13:57,080 --> 00:13:59,560 Speaker 1: All right, So you tease the name drop it did 227 00:14:00,120 --> 00:14:03,800 Speaker 1: right before the break uh in Well, there was there 228 00:14:03,840 --> 00:14:06,600 Speaker 1: was this one particular northern landowner that came down south 229 00:14:07,040 --> 00:14:09,240 Speaker 1: and brought up a bunch of plantations. Name was Henry 230 00:14:09,240 --> 00:14:14,880 Speaker 1: Bedell and he hated fire. Uh. Fire had burned his 231 00:14:14,960 --> 00:14:19,120 Speaker 1: favorite horse maybe you never know, Um, so he hated fire. 232 00:14:19,160 --> 00:14:22,200 Speaker 1: He was appalled at the idea of burning land. And uh, 233 00:14:22,240 --> 00:14:24,160 Speaker 1: but other people, you know, like we're saying, in the South, 234 00:14:24,200 --> 00:14:27,400 Speaker 1: so now it's a good thing. So in uh they 235 00:14:27,400 --> 00:14:30,760 Speaker 1: commissioned the U. S. Bureau of Biological Survey, which was 236 00:14:30,840 --> 00:14:33,960 Speaker 1: precursor to the Fish and Wildlife Service, and uh it 237 00:14:34,040 --> 00:14:36,560 Speaker 1: was headed up at the time by guy named Herbert L. Stoddard, 238 00:14:36,960 --> 00:14:40,560 Speaker 1: who was the name that you teased. And Stoddard actually 239 00:14:40,600 --> 00:14:42,600 Speaker 1: the thing that kicked it off the most was that 240 00:14:42,720 --> 00:14:46,280 Speaker 1: these guys who um, who bought these huge plantations and 241 00:14:46,320 --> 00:14:50,720 Speaker 1: turn thement and preserves, they like to hunt quail, and um, 242 00:14:50,920 --> 00:14:54,520 Speaker 1: they right, and they noticed that the Bob white quail 243 00:14:54,600 --> 00:14:58,480 Speaker 1: population was declining every year and they had no idea why. 244 00:14:58,880 --> 00:15:02,280 Speaker 1: So they brought Stoddard it in and Stoddard became a 245 00:15:02,360 --> 00:15:05,840 Speaker 1: Bob White quail expert. Well he already was. Oh, he 246 00:15:05,960 --> 00:15:07,680 Speaker 1: was already that's why they brought him in. Yeah, he 247 00:15:08,120 --> 00:15:10,520 Speaker 1: was the He wrote a book about it, and um, 248 00:15:10,680 --> 00:15:14,600 Speaker 1: this guy was awesome. He he helped found the literally 249 00:15:14,600 --> 00:15:17,440 Speaker 1: helped found a profession of wild life management. Right, the 250 00:15:17,480 --> 00:15:20,200 Speaker 1: whole field is like basically this guy. Yep, he wrote 251 00:15:20,240 --> 00:15:22,960 Speaker 1: like some legendary books that are still used today. Uh. 252 00:15:22,960 --> 00:15:26,800 Speaker 1: He was like literally the first critic of industrialized agriculture. 253 00:15:27,240 --> 00:15:30,400 Speaker 1: He's just this sort of champion and a Georgian, a 254 00:15:30,440 --> 00:15:34,440 Speaker 1: transplant to Georgia. Yeah, yeah, I think he things from Chicago, 255 00:15:34,560 --> 00:15:36,840 Speaker 1: but did a lot of work here for sure. Yeah. 256 00:15:37,000 --> 00:15:40,400 Speaker 1: So he Um, he starts looking into the quail situation 257 00:15:40,440 --> 00:15:42,760 Speaker 1: down here and he's like, well, you need to burn him. 258 00:15:42,800 --> 00:15:46,880 Speaker 1: There's your problem. You guys have a woody undergrowth problem. 259 00:15:47,200 --> 00:15:51,160 Speaker 1: And I looked into this and Bob white quail requires 260 00:15:51,160 --> 00:15:54,600 Speaker 1: some of the most complex habitats you've ever heard of. Right, 261 00:15:55,080 --> 00:15:58,720 Speaker 1: So they thrive in areas where you've got what's called 262 00:15:58,720 --> 00:16:04,480 Speaker 1: woody cover, which are dense shrubbery that's like mostly woody. 263 00:16:04,520 --> 00:16:09,160 Speaker 1: That they can use is what's called umkovie headquarters. It's 264 00:16:09,240 --> 00:16:12,040 Speaker 1: like little escaped patches, and they need them all over 265 00:16:12,040 --> 00:16:14,480 Speaker 1: the place. But in addition to this, they also need 266 00:16:14,520 --> 00:16:17,640 Speaker 1: food sources, so they need like crops of a certain variety, 267 00:16:17,760 --> 00:16:19,920 Speaker 1: and then they also need some grassy areas. And they 268 00:16:19,920 --> 00:16:22,400 Speaker 1: need all this stuff in certain proportions. And if you 269 00:16:22,480 --> 00:16:25,960 Speaker 1: have the proportions right, which apparently they did, the quail 270 00:16:26,040 --> 00:16:29,160 Speaker 1: populations thrive. But if you have too much of one thing, 271 00:16:29,600 --> 00:16:32,480 Speaker 1: then the coil populations diminished. And that one thing that 272 00:16:32,560 --> 00:16:35,920 Speaker 1: had that had grown up was the woody undergrowth. And 273 00:16:36,000 --> 00:16:38,000 Speaker 1: the reason the woody undergrowth was allowed to grow up 274 00:16:38,040 --> 00:16:40,840 Speaker 1: was because the Yankees came in and stopped using fire. 275 00:16:42,080 --> 00:16:45,760 Speaker 1: That's right, and that interesting. So it was all because 276 00:16:45,840 --> 00:16:49,840 Speaker 1: these rich guys, um, these rich industrialists who wanted to 277 00:16:49,920 --> 00:16:52,800 Speaker 1: hunt quail were like, war's all the quail, and they 278 00:16:52,880 --> 00:16:55,400 Speaker 1: hired the government to come look into it. And this 279 00:16:55,480 --> 00:16:58,520 Speaker 1: government guy came in and was like, oh, here's the problem. 280 00:16:58,840 --> 00:17:00,880 Speaker 1: You guys need to set this on fire. But the 281 00:17:00,920 --> 00:17:03,680 Speaker 1: thing is is no one listened to him. Well, no, 282 00:17:03,880 --> 00:17:06,960 Speaker 1: he had he had a few people that um I 283 00:17:06,960 --> 00:17:08,760 Speaker 1: mean they hired him for his expertise, so he had 284 00:17:08,800 --> 00:17:11,919 Speaker 1: a few people that got on board. But he fought 285 00:17:12,000 --> 00:17:16,080 Speaker 1: for many many years. UM. Like the history of control burning, 286 00:17:16,160 --> 00:17:20,240 Speaker 1: it wasn't until post World War two is when it 287 00:17:20,359 --> 00:17:22,639 Speaker 1: started to catch on a little bit, and then in 288 00:17:22,640 --> 00:17:25,960 Speaker 1: the fifties and sixties it became more commonplace. But it 289 00:17:25,960 --> 00:17:29,240 Speaker 1: wasn't until ninety one that the U. S. Forest Service 290 00:17:29,280 --> 00:17:34,000 Speaker 1: had their very first symposium on UH on prescribed burns, 291 00:17:34,000 --> 00:17:36,240 Speaker 1: and that's what really turned the tide. But this was 292 00:17:36,720 --> 00:17:38,560 Speaker 1: the nineteen twenties, and it took all the way till 293 00:17:38,560 --> 00:17:41,760 Speaker 1: the nineteen seventies for it to become like completely accepted 294 00:17:42,000 --> 00:17:44,159 Speaker 1: that's the right way to do things. And in the 295 00:17:44,200 --> 00:17:48,560 Speaker 1: meantime we had a lot of unnecessary wildfires well. And 296 00:17:48,600 --> 00:17:51,200 Speaker 1: one of the reasons too was apparently all the forestry 297 00:17:51,520 --> 00:17:56,040 Speaker 1: um workers in the South were from the North UH 298 00:17:56,080 --> 00:17:58,840 Speaker 1: and so they had these bad experiences in England and 299 00:17:58,880 --> 00:18:02,320 Speaker 1: elsewhere with like devastating fires that kill people in wiped 300 00:18:02,320 --> 00:18:06,040 Speaker 1: out villages. And apparently they also had this German influence, 301 00:18:06,720 --> 00:18:10,720 Speaker 1: like a protectionist influence from Germans in forestry school that 302 00:18:10,840 --> 00:18:13,080 Speaker 1: was taught to them that way, so they were they 303 00:18:13,119 --> 00:18:14,800 Speaker 1: were doing it all wrong. Well, one of the other 304 00:18:14,920 --> 00:18:17,560 Speaker 1: explanations I saw for why the forestry services like, no, 305 00:18:17,680 --> 00:18:20,480 Speaker 1: you can't burn down here is because um one I 306 00:18:20,480 --> 00:18:22,760 Speaker 1: guess one of the spoils of winning the Civil War 307 00:18:22,960 --> 00:18:26,359 Speaker 1: was the North came down and just clear cut the 308 00:18:26,400 --> 00:18:29,879 Speaker 1: south of its pine and they figured, well, the pine 309 00:18:30,280 --> 00:18:33,040 Speaker 1: forests have been so devastated for what for timber uh huh, 310 00:18:33,359 --> 00:18:35,800 Speaker 1: that we can't let any fire happen or else. No, no, 311 00:18:36,080 --> 00:18:38,720 Speaker 1: this pine is never gonna recover, so we really can't 312 00:18:38,760 --> 00:18:43,320 Speaker 1: do any burning now. And yeah, so eventually everybody started 313 00:18:43,320 --> 00:18:48,800 Speaker 1: listening to Stoddard and um. Now we use fire um 314 00:18:48,840 --> 00:18:51,879 Speaker 1: pretty much everywhere in the United States. And there's a 315 00:18:51,920 --> 00:18:55,840 Speaker 1: couple of reasons to set fires on purpose. And the 316 00:18:55,880 --> 00:18:58,919 Speaker 1: coolest one is that if you set fires on purpose, 317 00:18:59,119 --> 00:19:03,040 Speaker 1: you actually prevent wildfires down the down the line. Yeah. 318 00:19:03,080 --> 00:19:06,280 Speaker 1: And and you know we're not talking about like completely 319 00:19:06,280 --> 00:19:09,800 Speaker 1: burning down every tree in the forest. Yeah, they're mainly 320 00:19:09,840 --> 00:19:13,080 Speaker 1: burning uh that that you know, the stuff that will 321 00:19:13,119 --> 00:19:16,440 Speaker 1: catch everything on fire, like the the understory, the underbrush, 322 00:19:16,560 --> 00:19:20,280 Speaker 1: the dead leaves, dead branches, stuff on the ground, right, 323 00:19:20,600 --> 00:19:23,920 Speaker 1: and if you if you burn that on purpose, you 324 00:19:24,080 --> 00:19:26,879 Speaker 1: burn out the fuel for again a future out of 325 00:19:26,920 --> 00:19:30,040 Speaker 1: control wildfire. One of the other things you do is 326 00:19:30,080 --> 00:19:34,879 Speaker 1: you open up the canopy, right, So you're burning out 327 00:19:34,960 --> 00:19:38,200 Speaker 1: some trees, but for the most part, the older, more 328 00:19:38,320 --> 00:19:43,000 Speaker 1: established trees can survive. And since that canopies opened up, 329 00:19:43,000 --> 00:19:46,440 Speaker 1: more sunlight can come through. And when more sunlight can 330 00:19:46,480 --> 00:19:50,320 Speaker 1: come through, you have smaller trees that can start to grow, 331 00:19:50,440 --> 00:19:53,960 Speaker 1: so there's more reproduction. Actually, yeah, and and if you're 332 00:19:54,000 --> 00:19:58,040 Speaker 1: listening thinking, well, this all sounds great, but uh, doesn't 333 00:19:58,480 --> 00:20:01,840 Speaker 1: that release a ton of carbon emissions in the air 334 00:20:01,920 --> 00:20:05,760 Speaker 1: when you're burning things? And if you're burning thousands and 335 00:20:05,800 --> 00:20:08,400 Speaker 1: tens of thousands of acres a year on purpose, aren't 336 00:20:08,440 --> 00:20:12,240 Speaker 1: you just adding to the problem? No, I was being KOI, 337 00:20:13,520 --> 00:20:15,760 Speaker 1: But the answer is no. Well it depends, so it's 338 00:20:15,760 --> 00:20:17,399 Speaker 1: a little bit of both. I thought this was a 339 00:20:17,400 --> 00:20:20,920 Speaker 1: little strange for the way that this was parceled out. 340 00:20:21,480 --> 00:20:24,879 Speaker 1: So on the one hand, in this article it says, nope, 341 00:20:24,960 --> 00:20:30,919 Speaker 1: Actually they've done studies and the the large established trees 342 00:20:30,960 --> 00:20:34,520 Speaker 1: that can survive a controlled burn actually lock in more 343 00:20:34,640 --> 00:20:39,639 Speaker 1: carbon um in the long run than uh, So the 344 00:20:40,200 --> 00:20:43,840 Speaker 1: control burn releases less than say, a wildfire that's burning 345 00:20:43,880 --> 00:20:47,640 Speaker 1: out a control that burns those trees and unlocks that carbon. Right. 346 00:20:48,119 --> 00:20:50,760 Speaker 1: And then later on in the last like section of 347 00:20:50,800 --> 00:20:54,760 Speaker 1: this article, the authors like, Yeah, that really just depends 348 00:20:54,760 --> 00:20:57,679 Speaker 1: on what kind of forest you're talking about. In some forests, 349 00:20:57,680 --> 00:20:59,760 Speaker 1: it doesn't make a difference at all. And and yes, 350 00:21:00,000 --> 00:21:03,000 Speaker 1: and in that case it's bad for the for the environment. 351 00:21:03,520 --> 00:21:07,400 Speaker 1: I don't know about that last part. I'm the same. 352 00:21:08,160 --> 00:21:10,600 Speaker 1: I just think it was weird. Well, I think it's 353 00:21:10,600 --> 00:21:14,320 Speaker 1: cool though, Like what you just said, the the large 354 00:21:14,359 --> 00:21:17,200 Speaker 1: trees capture that carbon, and if you burn off the 355 00:21:17,240 --> 00:21:20,200 Speaker 1: small stuff underneath what you said earlier, it's gonna open 356 00:21:20,280 --> 00:21:23,280 Speaker 1: up that canopy and let those big trees grow bigger. 357 00:21:23,800 --> 00:21:27,400 Speaker 1: And uh, that's gonna you know, that's gonna be good 358 00:21:27,440 --> 00:21:30,000 Speaker 1: in the long run, short long term gain for a 359 00:21:30,000 --> 00:21:34,679 Speaker 1: short term carbon emission output. Right. So and then also 360 00:21:34,800 --> 00:21:37,800 Speaker 1: in addition to opening up that canopy allowing more sunlight 361 00:21:37,840 --> 00:21:42,560 Speaker 1: so reproduction can happen, there's actually they found, um some 362 00:21:42,640 --> 00:21:46,560 Speaker 1: species of trees that depend on fire to reproduce. In 363 00:21:46,640 --> 00:21:51,359 Speaker 1: chief among them is the giant sequoia in Yosemite. And 364 00:21:51,400 --> 00:21:55,040 Speaker 1: I think the sixties, Yeah, the sixties. Um, they were like, 365 00:21:55,600 --> 00:21:59,600 Speaker 1: the sequoias aren't reproducing. What's going on? And somebody, a 366 00:21:59,640 --> 00:22:03,240 Speaker 1: guy in aimed um. Dr Richard Hartsfeldt said, I think 367 00:22:03,240 --> 00:22:05,600 Speaker 1: it has to do with fire. We stopped doing fire, 368 00:22:06,520 --> 00:22:09,639 Speaker 1: and we want to do fire, so let's do some fire. 369 00:22:09,680 --> 00:22:11,520 Speaker 1: And they're like, shut up. Hearts felt you can't even 370 00:22:11,560 --> 00:22:14,040 Speaker 1: talk right. And he's like, I'm gonna go burn some 371 00:22:14,040 --> 00:22:16,280 Speaker 1: stuff and prove you guys wrong. So he started doing 372 00:22:16,320 --> 00:22:20,639 Speaker 1: some tests. He did, he'd do fire tests, and um, 373 00:22:20,760 --> 00:22:25,280 Speaker 1: he found that when fire was applied to a sequoia forest, 374 00:22:26,280 --> 00:22:30,840 Speaker 1: the sequoia cones opened up and their seeds could germanate. Yeah, 375 00:22:30,880 --> 00:22:34,440 Speaker 1: and the big daddies are very fire resistant. So they 376 00:22:34,440 --> 00:22:37,440 Speaker 1: were like, I'm a little hot underneath in the undercarriage, 377 00:22:37,480 --> 00:22:40,119 Speaker 1: but it feels nice. But it feels pretty good, and 378 00:22:40,160 --> 00:22:43,159 Speaker 1: I'm gonna stand strong. But what I'm gonna do, like 379 00:22:43,160 --> 00:22:45,520 Speaker 1: you said, is I'm gonna open my cones. Uh. And 380 00:22:45,640 --> 00:22:47,520 Speaker 1: the other thing it does is, you know, when you 381 00:22:47,600 --> 00:22:52,280 Speaker 1: drop seeds, if you have a woody understory and understories 382 00:22:52,280 --> 00:22:57,520 Speaker 1: another word for that under brush under what'd you call it? Uh? 383 00:22:57,600 --> 00:23:01,959 Speaker 1: Under cover under coverage? What do you cover for a 384 00:23:01,960 --> 00:23:04,560 Speaker 1: Bob White coil. That's what the Bob White coils call 385 00:23:04,600 --> 00:23:07,560 Speaker 1: it amongst themselves. All right. So imagine a seed dropping 386 00:23:07,600 --> 00:23:10,199 Speaker 1: from a pine cone from a hundred feet up and 387 00:23:10,240 --> 00:23:12,840 Speaker 1: the ground is covered in leaves and sticks and things. 388 00:23:12,920 --> 00:23:16,080 Speaker 1: That seed might fall on a pile of leaves six 389 00:23:16,080 --> 00:23:19,040 Speaker 1: inches deep and just sit there, just sit there and 390 00:23:19,080 --> 00:23:23,240 Speaker 1: be like I'm unfulfilled. A ka. It never makes contact 391 00:23:23,240 --> 00:23:27,760 Speaker 1: with the soil where it needs to be to establish roots, right, 392 00:23:28,000 --> 00:23:32,240 Speaker 1: or even if it did, the sunlight is being blocked 393 00:23:32,240 --> 00:23:35,520 Speaker 1: out by that understory. And fire solves all those problems. 394 00:23:35,560 --> 00:23:37,960 Speaker 1: It does. Because fire pops that pine cone open, the 395 00:23:38,040 --> 00:23:42,360 Speaker 1: seeds come out. Uh, they are in the newly burned ground, 396 00:23:42,680 --> 00:23:45,560 Speaker 1: which has a lot of carbon fertilizer now in the 397 00:23:45,600 --> 00:23:48,960 Speaker 1: form of ashes and um, lots of sunlight coming through 398 00:23:48,960 --> 00:23:51,480 Speaker 1: because the understoy has been burned away. So fire is 399 00:23:51,520 --> 00:23:55,080 Speaker 1: the greatest thing ever. Pretty amazing. Um. But again we 400 00:23:55,160 --> 00:24:00,119 Speaker 1: said before, it depends on the ecosystem, right. So, especially 401 00:24:00,280 --> 00:24:03,120 Speaker 1: out in California, they got kind of burned happy. They're like, oh, wait, 402 00:24:03,200 --> 00:24:07,640 Speaker 1: fire can actually suppress wildfires. We have tons of wildfires 403 00:24:07,640 --> 00:24:10,000 Speaker 1: out here. We need to burn all the time. And 404 00:24:10,040 --> 00:24:12,840 Speaker 1: they started burning and burning and burning in southern California 405 00:24:13,000 --> 00:24:18,680 Speaker 1: and it had zero impact on, um, diminishing wildfires, and 406 00:24:18,720 --> 00:24:21,440 Speaker 1: they couldn't figure out why. And they finally said, well, 407 00:24:21,480 --> 00:24:24,480 Speaker 1: maybe we should study the ecosystem we're setting on fire 408 00:24:24,960 --> 00:24:27,560 Speaker 1: and see what's what. And they found that they really 409 00:24:27,560 --> 00:24:32,720 Speaker 1: shouldn't be burning the the southern California ecosystem to prevent wildfires. 410 00:24:32,720 --> 00:24:35,240 Speaker 1: So that actually makes it worse in this case. Yeah, 411 00:24:35,320 --> 00:24:38,520 Speaker 1: in southern California, they have what's called chaparral, and it's 412 00:24:38,640 --> 00:24:41,399 Speaker 1: the uh I mean, if you've ever been to southern California, 413 00:24:41,480 --> 00:24:44,840 Speaker 1: you know that. Um it looks lovely now in the 414 00:24:44,840 --> 00:24:49,040 Speaker 1: neighborhoods because people planted stuff everywhere, but the hillsides are 415 00:24:49,160 --> 00:24:52,760 Speaker 1: kind of gross. They're brown in there, forny and they're shrubby. 416 00:24:53,040 --> 00:24:56,840 Speaker 1: It's like all tumbleweeds. Yeah, it's just it's not uh, 417 00:24:56,880 --> 00:24:59,520 Speaker 1: it's just just sort of gross in those canyons. And 418 00:24:59,560 --> 00:25:02,920 Speaker 1: that's just my opinion. Yes, well that's chaparral, right, yeah, okay, 419 00:25:03,119 --> 00:25:06,520 Speaker 1: and uh that chaparral. Uh, well, if you leave everything 420 00:25:07,400 --> 00:25:12,000 Speaker 1: to itself there, apparently it's super fire resistant, so every 421 00:25:12,080 --> 00:25:15,080 Speaker 1: like if you left it naturally, it would only catch 422 00:25:15,119 --> 00:25:18,800 Speaker 1: flame every hundred years or so, right, But they were 423 00:25:18,840 --> 00:25:22,280 Speaker 1: setting fire to this every few years um in order 424 00:25:22,320 --> 00:25:25,160 Speaker 1: to try to prevent wildfires. And what they were ultimately 425 00:25:25,200 --> 00:25:29,120 Speaker 1: doing was burning the chaparral, which was naturally flame resistant, right, 426 00:25:29,800 --> 00:25:32,640 Speaker 1: And in favor of the chaparral. What was since it 427 00:25:32,640 --> 00:25:35,719 Speaker 1: took a long time to grow back, the stuff that 428 00:25:35,840 --> 00:25:38,399 Speaker 1: was beating the chaparral out that could grow faster, was 429 00:25:38,440 --> 00:25:44,120 Speaker 1: actually very flammable. So they were promoting the growth of 430 00:25:44,440 --> 00:25:48,800 Speaker 1: wildfire fuel in southern California by burning these the chaparral. 431 00:25:48,920 --> 00:25:52,639 Speaker 1: Too much good stuff, it is, it's really interesting, all right. Well, 432 00:25:52,680 --> 00:25:54,120 Speaker 1: let's take a break and we'll come back and talk 433 00:25:54,160 --> 00:25:56,760 Speaker 1: about a little bit about climate change and how that 434 00:25:56,800 --> 00:26:00,119 Speaker 1: factors in, and then how you can do your un 435 00:26:00,160 --> 00:26:22,920 Speaker 1: control burn all right. By the way, I was kidding, 436 00:26:22,960 --> 00:26:25,440 Speaker 1: no one should try this ever ever. Ever, we should 437 00:26:25,440 --> 00:26:28,600 Speaker 1: have probably not broken for a minute or so before 438 00:26:28,720 --> 00:26:31,440 Speaker 1: you said that. I don't think anyone just paused and said, 439 00:26:31,440 --> 00:26:33,320 Speaker 1: oh my gosh, I'm gonna run out because we didn't 440 00:26:33,320 --> 00:26:36,359 Speaker 1: teach him yet. Oh that's a good point. You should 441 00:26:36,400 --> 00:26:39,800 Speaker 1: never start a fire. Yeah, don start fires. Okay, I 442 00:26:39,880 --> 00:26:42,080 Speaker 1: got that out of the way. Uh, climate change is 443 00:26:42,160 --> 00:26:46,920 Speaker 1: having an impact on these wildfires. Um. From between nineteen 444 00:26:47,080 --> 00:26:50,639 Speaker 1: seventy nine, there's a season of fire, wildfire season, we 445 00:26:50,680 --> 00:26:53,440 Speaker 1: talked about it in our episode, when it's just more 446 00:26:53,520 --> 00:26:58,760 Speaker 1: likely to happen. In between nineteen the global fire season 447 00:26:58,840 --> 00:27:02,800 Speaker 1: increased by almost nineteen Yeah, which means like the fire 448 00:27:02,800 --> 00:27:06,480 Speaker 1: season grew longer around the world by that much, which 449 00:27:06,520 --> 00:27:09,000 Speaker 1: is bad. And at the rate of eight hundred and 450 00:27:09,040 --> 00:27:14,280 Speaker 1: sixty four million acres worldwide of wildfire that burned every year, 451 00:27:14,359 --> 00:27:18,359 Speaker 1: which is an amazing number. Um. Apparently that emits more 452 00:27:18,359 --> 00:27:20,919 Speaker 1: than half the amount of carbon that fossil fuels put 453 00:27:20,960 --> 00:27:23,639 Speaker 1: out in the atmosphere. Yeah, so that's awful. That's a 454 00:27:23,680 --> 00:27:26,639 Speaker 1: tremendous amount, right. Yeah. And it's a feedback loop. It 455 00:27:26,800 --> 00:27:32,439 Speaker 1: is because um it the it contributes c O two 456 00:27:32,520 --> 00:27:36,480 Speaker 1: to the atmosphere, which promotes the greenhouse effect. Right. The 457 00:27:36,560 --> 00:27:41,240 Speaker 1: greenhouse effect creates drought conditions, It heats things up, it 458 00:27:41,320 --> 00:27:45,520 Speaker 1: lowers humidity. Um. And it becomes a vicious cycle, right 459 00:27:45,760 --> 00:27:47,840 Speaker 1: because when you have drought conditions, you have more dead 460 00:27:47,880 --> 00:27:51,000 Speaker 1: trees that provide more fuel for more wildfires, and more 461 00:27:51,040 --> 00:27:53,280 Speaker 1: wildfires put more c O two into the air, which 462 00:27:53,280 --> 00:27:55,720 Speaker 1: promotes the greenhouse effect and it gets worse and worse 463 00:27:55,760 --> 00:27:59,320 Speaker 1: and worse. More wind to problem. Yeah. I was reading 464 00:27:59,320 --> 00:28:03,199 Speaker 1: about the Fort McMurray wildfire um up in Canada, and 465 00:28:03,240 --> 00:28:08,280 Speaker 1: apparently they just had some freak weather, the Fred McMurray wildfire. Yeah, 466 00:28:08,520 --> 00:28:13,679 Speaker 1: he was like, I got no Fred Mury to um 467 00:28:13,800 --> 00:28:17,359 Speaker 1: he uh? When not? He the city for McMurray, like 468 00:28:17,440 --> 00:28:21,320 Speaker 1: a little outside town there. They think the fire started 469 00:28:21,320 --> 00:28:23,320 Speaker 1: somewhere out there. They're not sure what did it yet, 470 00:28:23,640 --> 00:28:26,280 Speaker 1: but they had some freak weather where it was like 471 00:28:26,359 --> 00:28:28,919 Speaker 1: ninety one degrees. They still have like frozen lakes up 472 00:28:28,920 --> 00:28:31,600 Speaker 1: there right now. But the temperature was like one degrees, 473 00:28:32,040 --> 00:28:35,520 Speaker 1: humidity was at like and winds right about forty five 474 00:28:35,600 --> 00:28:39,800 Speaker 1: miles an hour. So it was just ripe for a wildfire. 475 00:28:39,880 --> 00:28:43,360 Speaker 1: And now it's up to like about four hundred fifty hectares, 476 00:28:43,960 --> 00:28:50,080 Speaker 1: which is exactly a ton of acres. I think, Yeah, man, alright, 477 00:28:50,120 --> 00:28:52,400 Speaker 1: so how do you start a controlled burn? How do 478 00:28:52,400 --> 00:28:56,560 Speaker 1: you do this carefully? Well, first of all, you want 479 00:28:56,560 --> 00:29:01,600 Speaker 1: to work for for a service or fishing game or Yeah, 480 00:29:01,640 --> 00:29:04,800 Speaker 1: the the author of this article says, go to local authorities. 481 00:29:04,960 --> 00:29:06,640 Speaker 1: I'm like, you can do this if you're not a 482 00:29:06,680 --> 00:29:08,720 Speaker 1: local authority, Yeah, but I guess you could. Like He 483 00:29:09,080 --> 00:29:13,600 Speaker 1: also mentions the landowner in the pine bearings of NuGen 484 00:29:13,800 --> 00:29:16,560 Speaker 1: that does his own control burns. Surely you have to 485 00:29:16,560 --> 00:29:19,360 Speaker 1: get you got permitted and if you're doing it yourself, right, Well, yeah, 486 00:29:19,360 --> 00:29:22,320 Speaker 1: he's saying go to local authorities. But I was surprised that, Yeah, 487 00:29:22,880 --> 00:29:25,080 Speaker 1: you can do it if you're not a local authority. Yeah. 488 00:29:25,080 --> 00:29:27,360 Speaker 1: I didn't know that either. In fact, I'm still not 489 00:29:27,440 --> 00:29:30,240 Speaker 1: quite convinced at the very least you want to collaborate 490 00:29:30,320 --> 00:29:34,320 Speaker 1: closely with local authorities if you're not one, that's right, Okay, 491 00:29:35,240 --> 00:29:38,000 Speaker 1: uh so yeah, I mean this beginning stuff is you know, 492 00:29:38,040 --> 00:29:40,640 Speaker 1: get your permits, find out what the best time a year, 493 00:29:40,680 --> 00:29:42,480 Speaker 1: and all that stuff. What you need to do is 494 00:29:42,520 --> 00:29:44,440 Speaker 1: just leave it to the people who do it best. 495 00:29:44,840 --> 00:29:48,600 Speaker 1: But this is what they're gonna do. Um. But the 496 00:29:48,880 --> 00:29:50,800 Speaker 1: first thing that you want to do after you've gotten 497 00:29:50,840 --> 00:29:54,040 Speaker 1: all your equipment and all that good stuff is look 498 00:29:54,040 --> 00:29:55,840 Speaker 1: at the weather and pick out a good time to 499 00:29:55,880 --> 00:29:58,680 Speaker 1: do it. Yeah. You want it kind of damp, Sure, 500 00:29:59,400 --> 00:30:05,120 Speaker 1: you want the humidity above, low winds. Yeah, basically everything 501 00:30:05,120 --> 00:30:07,960 Speaker 1: the opposite of the weather like it was in Fort 502 00:30:08,040 --> 00:30:13,760 Speaker 1: McMurray on May one. Yeah, less than eighty degrees ideally. Um. 503 00:30:13,880 --> 00:30:16,000 Speaker 1: And then once you've got everything all set up and 504 00:30:16,040 --> 00:30:18,920 Speaker 1: you've got a great day picked out, um, you're going 505 00:30:19,000 --> 00:30:22,560 Speaker 1: to start a tiny little test fire in a corner. First, 506 00:30:22,760 --> 00:30:25,000 Speaker 1: you want to wake up and have a complete breakfast. 507 00:30:26,400 --> 00:30:30,000 Speaker 1: Then you can go start your test fire. UM. Test 508 00:30:30,040 --> 00:30:32,680 Speaker 1: fire basically just look at it and say, how are 509 00:30:32,680 --> 00:30:35,760 Speaker 1: you gonna behave today? Yeah? Um, Well, even before you 510 00:30:35,760 --> 00:30:38,120 Speaker 1: set the test fire, you've got you want to plan 511 00:30:38,200 --> 00:30:40,520 Speaker 1: out your area that you want to burn, and in 512 00:30:40,600 --> 00:30:43,840 Speaker 1: the area, you want to identify natural fire breaks. These 513 00:30:43,840 --> 00:30:47,480 Speaker 1: are things like roads, bodies of water, that kind of stuff, 514 00:30:47,520 --> 00:30:50,120 Speaker 1: things that the fire is not going to spread across, 515 00:30:50,240 --> 00:30:53,440 Speaker 1: right ideally, And then you want to create even more 516 00:30:53,560 --> 00:30:56,440 Speaker 1: fire breaks around it where there aren't natural ones. You 517 00:30:56,440 --> 00:31:00,840 Speaker 1: want to plow and dig and cut and um basically 518 00:31:00,880 --> 00:31:04,280 Speaker 1: create an area to where the fire can't spread outside 519 00:31:04,280 --> 00:31:06,760 Speaker 1: of the place you want to contain it into. I 520 00:31:06,800 --> 00:31:09,600 Speaker 1: wonder if dropping an atom bomb on a wildfire woodwork 521 00:31:09,760 --> 00:31:14,680 Speaker 1: operation plash here. Sure, I don't think so. Probably, I 522 00:31:14,680 --> 00:31:17,480 Speaker 1: think that would make everything a lot worse. So, once 523 00:31:17,480 --> 00:31:21,320 Speaker 1: you've got all your fire breaks, both natural and the 524 00:31:21,360 --> 00:31:24,840 Speaker 1: ones that you've just made yourself with your hands. You 525 00:31:24,880 --> 00:31:29,280 Speaker 1: want to start your first fire, called the backfire, and 526 00:31:29,320 --> 00:31:34,120 Speaker 1: the backfire is down wind. It's against that fire break, 527 00:31:34,640 --> 00:31:37,440 Speaker 1: so you know it's only gonna be going in one direction. Um, 528 00:31:37,520 --> 00:31:39,960 Speaker 1: it's against the wind, so it's not gonna be super fast, 529 00:31:40,600 --> 00:31:42,600 Speaker 1: and you're gonna be able to control it. Like you're 530 00:31:42,640 --> 00:31:45,760 Speaker 1: kind of starting off nice and easy. Yeah, just don't 531 00:31:45,800 --> 00:31:47,920 Speaker 1: cut yourself out of the gate. Yeah, just take it 532 00:31:48,000 --> 00:31:50,400 Speaker 1: nice and easy, like you said. Then after you got 533 00:31:50,480 --> 00:31:54,400 Speaker 1: the backfire going, you create flank fires, one on each side, 534 00:31:54,880 --> 00:31:59,480 Speaker 1: right and um, they are not necessarily going against the wind, 535 00:31:59,480 --> 00:32:01,880 Speaker 1: so they're gonna burn a little bit faster. Yeah, they're 536 00:32:02,000 --> 00:32:05,800 Speaker 1: right angles to the wind. Um. And one of the 537 00:32:05,840 --> 00:32:10,000 Speaker 1: neat things about fire when you're creating a control burn 538 00:32:10,720 --> 00:32:15,480 Speaker 1: is the places you're burning first actually create fire breaks 539 00:32:15,520 --> 00:32:18,000 Speaker 1: themselves as they burn the fuel. Have you ever seen 540 00:32:18,160 --> 00:32:21,520 Speaker 1: the gods must be crazy too, didn't see the second one. 541 00:32:21,600 --> 00:32:24,520 Speaker 1: There's like a bush fire and um, I can't remember. 542 00:32:24,560 --> 00:32:27,880 Speaker 1: The main guy's name is awesome. Um. He saves his 543 00:32:28,120 --> 00:32:33,320 Speaker 1: like companions by um setting fire to the grass around 544 00:32:33,360 --> 00:32:36,200 Speaker 1: them so that the brush fire has nothing to burn 545 00:32:36,240 --> 00:32:39,160 Speaker 1: when it gets to them, so he creates a firebreak 546 00:32:39,280 --> 00:32:43,000 Speaker 1: basically by burning the area around him before the fire 547 00:32:43,040 --> 00:32:45,360 Speaker 1: gets there, so he controlled it himself. Was that good 548 00:32:45,360 --> 00:32:48,160 Speaker 1: the sequel? Sure? Yeah, yeah, both of them are really good. 549 00:32:48,680 --> 00:32:50,760 Speaker 1: And I remember that when it came out, it was 550 00:32:50,800 --> 00:32:56,160 Speaker 1: like kind of one of the first, uh foreign sort 551 00:32:56,160 --> 00:32:58,360 Speaker 1: of indie movies that made a big dust up. I 552 00:32:58,400 --> 00:33:00,480 Speaker 1: feel like, you know, they got a lot of attention. 553 00:33:01,400 --> 00:33:04,600 Speaker 1: It's good to be crazy. Holds up, does it not? 554 00:33:04,680 --> 00:33:08,000 Speaker 1: To check it out again? Uh? So where were we? 555 00:33:08,000 --> 00:33:09,880 Speaker 1: We've got our flank fires, we've got our back fires, 556 00:33:09,880 --> 00:33:12,720 Speaker 1: were creating larger fire breaks. And then you want to 557 00:33:12,760 --> 00:33:16,840 Speaker 1: ignite the big daddy, the head fire. The head fire, 558 00:33:17,560 --> 00:33:21,800 Speaker 1: it goes in the direction of the wind. It's it's 559 00:33:22,160 --> 00:33:26,080 Speaker 1: up wind, so it blows very quickly downward and spreads quick. 560 00:33:26,840 --> 00:33:29,800 Speaker 1: But because you said it last, there's less fuel for 561 00:33:29,840 --> 00:33:32,400 Speaker 1: it to burn. It's gonna finish out the fire for 562 00:33:32,520 --> 00:33:35,720 Speaker 1: you pretty quick, but it's not gonna go beyond the 563 00:33:35,760 --> 00:33:38,280 Speaker 1: areas that have already been burned because you just created 564 00:33:38,280 --> 00:33:41,080 Speaker 1: those fire breaks by burning them on the backfire and 565 00:33:41,160 --> 00:33:44,680 Speaker 1: the flank fires. So after that happens, your fire should 566 00:33:44,720 --> 00:33:48,360 Speaker 1: be done and you can go home, just forget about it. 567 00:33:48,520 --> 00:33:50,800 Speaker 1: After you set that head fire, just getting your truck 568 00:33:50,800 --> 00:33:52,920 Speaker 1: and go home. No, there's a little bit more. You 569 00:33:53,000 --> 00:33:55,440 Speaker 1: gotta stay there with my friend until afterward. And then 570 00:33:55,520 --> 00:33:58,880 Speaker 1: they call it mop up duty when you obviously put 571 00:33:58,880 --> 00:34:01,920 Speaker 1: out all the flame is completely with water, cut down 572 00:34:01,960 --> 00:34:05,480 Speaker 1: any little trees that are on fire, and just extinguish 573 00:34:05,600 --> 00:34:08,840 Speaker 1: everything and leave it a big, smoldering, nasty mess that 574 00:34:09,040 --> 00:34:11,400 Speaker 1: is actually going to be good for the environment. And 575 00:34:11,480 --> 00:34:13,880 Speaker 1: you gotta tell everybody who drives by and shouts at 576 00:34:13,880 --> 00:34:17,800 Speaker 1: you for setting a fire that you're doing this because 577 00:34:17,840 --> 00:34:20,080 Speaker 1: it's better off in the long run. Say, the end 578 00:34:20,120 --> 00:34:26,000 Speaker 1: justifies the means pretty neat. Yeah. Another tip, don't wear 579 00:34:26,080 --> 00:34:29,720 Speaker 1: rubber clothing when you're part of a fire setting crew 580 00:34:30,239 --> 00:34:33,120 Speaker 1: because it can melt and stick to your skin. I 581 00:34:33,160 --> 00:34:36,200 Speaker 1: wonder this is something I didn't look into. I wonder 582 00:34:36,239 --> 00:34:42,200 Speaker 1: if the surely they're they're they're just wildfire fighting teams 583 00:34:42,239 --> 00:34:44,480 Speaker 1: that are doing this. Right, it's the same people, right, 584 00:34:44,680 --> 00:34:49,360 Speaker 1: I would guess. I would guess I would hope, because 585 00:34:49,360 --> 00:34:52,920 Speaker 1: the thing is is like, yes, you can, you can 586 00:34:53,000 --> 00:34:55,960 Speaker 1: be told how to set a fire. I think that's 587 00:34:55,960 --> 00:34:58,960 Speaker 1: probably the easy part, like figuring out how to adjust 588 00:34:59,000 --> 00:35:01,800 Speaker 1: when it starts to get out of control or doesn't 589 00:35:01,840 --> 00:35:04,440 Speaker 1: do what you think it's gonna do, or the weather 590 00:35:04,520 --> 00:35:07,120 Speaker 1: conditions change, or if it jumps that firebreak that you 591 00:35:07,120 --> 00:35:09,200 Speaker 1: think is big enough, Right, that's when I think you 592 00:35:09,280 --> 00:35:13,360 Speaker 1: need somebody who's like experienced it's gonna be. There should 593 00:35:13,360 --> 00:35:16,239 Speaker 1: be the same people doing this who know what they're doing. 594 00:35:16,680 --> 00:35:18,759 Speaker 1: I'm sure it is. And if that's what you do, 595 00:35:18,840 --> 00:35:22,439 Speaker 1: we want to hear from you, so shout out to us. Well, yeah, 596 00:35:22,480 --> 00:35:25,239 Speaker 1: I think we heard from some fire jumpers in the 597 00:35:25,320 --> 00:35:27,440 Speaker 1: last episode we did from the wildfire one, and that 598 00:35:27,520 --> 00:35:29,000 Speaker 1: was a good one to go back and listen to that. 599 00:35:29,080 --> 00:35:32,120 Speaker 1: Everybody do it now. If you want to learn more 600 00:35:32,120 --> 00:35:35,279 Speaker 1: about controlled burns, you can take those words in the 601 00:35:35,320 --> 00:35:37,919 Speaker 1: search part house to works dot com since they said 602 00:35:37,960 --> 00:35:43,719 Speaker 1: search parts time for listener, ma'am, I'm gonna call this 603 00:35:43,840 --> 00:35:49,239 Speaker 1: mind blown, not my mind listeners, pind Hey, guys, I 604 00:35:49,280 --> 00:35:51,640 Speaker 1: was listening to the Landfills episode and the most important 605 00:35:51,640 --> 00:35:54,879 Speaker 1: issue you brought up the song Powerhouse by the Raymond 606 00:35:54,920 --> 00:35:58,640 Speaker 1: Scott Quintet. Josh had hummed a snippet and Chuck said 607 00:35:58,680 --> 00:36:02,200 Speaker 1: it was Leoney Tunes. That was a moment of cognitive 608 00:36:02,320 --> 00:36:06,240 Speaker 1: dissonance that rivaled almost anything I've suffered in my forty 609 00:36:06,239 --> 00:36:10,319 Speaker 1: one years, because Josh was actually humming a bit of 610 00:36:10,640 --> 00:36:14,959 Speaker 1: love Villa or Levia Strangiato by Rush, not some dumb 611 00:36:15,000 --> 00:36:17,759 Speaker 1: fifties ban I know that song. So this scot my 612 00:36:17,800 --> 00:36:20,600 Speaker 1: attention powerhouses from the thirties, and it was like an 613 00:36:20,680 --> 00:36:24,680 Speaker 1: orchestral right on the fifties band. This guy out of 614 00:36:24,680 --> 00:36:28,120 Speaker 1: his mind? Well maybe so. I couldn't believe you were 615 00:36:28,120 --> 00:36:29,719 Speaker 1: singing a part of one of my favorite songs by 616 00:36:29,719 --> 00:36:32,359 Speaker 1: one of my favorite bands and crediting someone else. As 617 00:36:32,400 --> 00:36:36,080 Speaker 1: I watched the Raymond Scott video, though, the universe refocused, 618 00:36:36,560 --> 00:36:40,200 Speaker 1: like when the candle holder resolves into faces, or the 619 00:36:40,200 --> 00:36:44,200 Speaker 1: Canadian flag is irreversibly changed into two angry guys pressing 620 00:36:44,239 --> 00:36:47,680 Speaker 1: their foreheads together case closed. Have you ever seen that 621 00:36:48,520 --> 00:36:51,439 Speaker 1: the Canadian flag? No, and I've seen when that says 622 00:36:51,440 --> 00:36:54,200 Speaker 1: like Jesus loves you or something like that. I never 623 00:36:54,239 --> 00:36:56,040 Speaker 1: knew that the Canadian flag, if you look at a 624 00:36:56,080 --> 00:36:59,200 Speaker 1: certain way, looks like two guys. Uh. I went and 625 00:36:59,200 --> 00:37:02,759 Speaker 1: looked into sort of what about the man on the moon? 626 00:37:02,840 --> 00:37:08,560 Speaker 1: You ever seen that? I don't know, But well then 627 00:37:08,600 --> 00:37:13,120 Speaker 1: you haven't. Okay, you would know. Yeah, it's it's kind 628 00:37:13,160 --> 00:37:14,839 Speaker 1: of like, yeah, I guess I can see that. It's 629 00:37:14,840 --> 00:37:17,719 Speaker 1: like the arrow and the FedEx logo, like once you 630 00:37:17,760 --> 00:37:20,480 Speaker 1: see it, you can't unsee it unless you really want to, 631 00:37:20,600 --> 00:37:23,080 Speaker 1: and then you can't. Okay, I don't see what this 632 00:37:23,120 --> 00:37:25,840 Speaker 1: guy is talking about with the Canadian flag. Well, you 633 00:37:25,880 --> 00:37:29,400 Speaker 1: have to type in Canadian flag faces and then someone 634 00:37:29,400 --> 00:37:31,920 Speaker 1: will have It's a bit of a stretch. If you 635 00:37:31,960 --> 00:37:36,920 Speaker 1: ask me, have you ever seen any Sister Wendy stuff. No, Um, 636 00:37:36,920 --> 00:37:43,399 Speaker 1: she is a nun who um it just understands art 637 00:37:43,440 --> 00:37:45,960 Speaker 1: and art history like no one else on the planet. 638 00:37:46,280 --> 00:37:48,200 Speaker 1: And she had like a PBS show for a little while, 639 00:37:48,200 --> 00:37:50,840 Speaker 1: and she just she would just point out things in 640 00:37:51,040 --> 00:37:53,600 Speaker 1: art that you just never think to look for, like 641 00:37:53,640 --> 00:37:56,960 Speaker 1: in the negative space, like the sometimes but also more 642 00:37:57,080 --> 00:38:00,200 Speaker 1: like um, like the shadows surrounding a family and being 643 00:38:00,200 --> 00:38:01,960 Speaker 1: it makes him look isolate and you're like, oh, yeah, 644 00:38:01,960 --> 00:38:03,799 Speaker 1: I didn't really put my finger on that or whatever. 645 00:38:04,200 --> 00:38:06,839 Speaker 1: She's just got this really great knack for explaining art 646 00:38:06,840 --> 00:38:11,840 Speaker 1: and really interesting way. And I think it's online for free. Alrighty, 647 00:38:12,560 --> 00:38:14,960 Speaker 1: sorry about that. Now that's all right, So where are 648 00:38:15,000 --> 00:38:18,799 Speaker 1: we Canadian Flag too angry. Guys, thanks for broadening my 649 00:38:18,880 --> 00:38:21,319 Speaker 1: understanding of one of the first Rush songs I learned 650 00:38:21,320 --> 00:38:23,799 Speaker 1: to play on drums and then I found this on 651 00:38:23,840 --> 00:38:27,160 Speaker 1: song facts dot com and it sounds credible. Apparently this 652 00:38:27,280 --> 00:38:30,640 Speaker 1: was an issue, and Rush did not give credit to 653 00:38:30,680 --> 00:38:34,080 Speaker 1: Scott for using Powerhouse. By the time Raymond Scott's publisher 654 00:38:34,120 --> 00:38:36,960 Speaker 1: notified the band's management of the infringement, the statute of 655 00:38:37,000 --> 00:38:40,839 Speaker 1: limitations had expired of the challenge, but rusha's management, out 656 00:38:40,840 --> 00:38:44,080 Speaker 1: of deference to Mr or Mrs Scott uh and being 657 00:38:44,080 --> 00:38:46,399 Speaker 1: the class act that they are, offered a one time 658 00:38:46,440 --> 00:38:48,480 Speaker 1: penance payment, feeling it was the ethical thing to do 659 00:38:49,120 --> 00:38:51,640 Speaker 1: all involved. We're happy with the resolution and Rush has 660 00:38:51,640 --> 00:38:56,000 Speaker 1: no further financial obligations under the story. I know under 661 00:38:56,040 --> 00:39:00,440 Speaker 1: the settlement they were required not required to uh accord 662 00:39:00,520 --> 00:39:03,800 Speaker 1: Raymond Scott partial songwriting credit on the Beast. So apparently 663 00:39:03,960 --> 00:39:08,120 Speaker 1: Powerhouse and rushes Labilla strangeata or similar and they nicked 664 00:39:08,120 --> 00:39:11,839 Speaker 1: it from there. Huh. Never knew I didn't either, Uh. 665 00:39:11,880 --> 00:39:15,320 Speaker 1: And that is uh. From Ken Wrinker in Colorado Springs. 666 00:39:15,440 --> 00:39:17,840 Speaker 1: Thanks a lot, Ken, and he says best to Jerry 667 00:39:17,840 --> 00:39:24,720 Speaker 1: in the game. Jerry says thanks. I think yeah, uh, Ken, 668 00:39:24,760 --> 00:39:26,440 Speaker 1: that was awesome. I take back that you're out of 669 00:39:26,440 --> 00:39:29,680 Speaker 1: your mind. You're interesting instead, how about that? Uh. If 670 00:39:29,719 --> 00:39:31,040 Speaker 1: you want to get in touch with us, you can 671 00:39:31,080 --> 00:39:33,439 Speaker 1: tweek to us as by Eska Podcast. You can join 672 00:39:33,560 --> 00:39:36,880 Speaker 1: us on Instagram as by Eska podcast too. You can 673 00:39:36,960 --> 00:39:39,360 Speaker 1: join us on Facebook dot com h slash stuff you 674 00:39:39,360 --> 00:39:41,640 Speaker 1: Should Know. You can send us an email to stuff 675 00:39:41,680 --> 00:39:44,120 Speaker 1: Podcast at how stuff Works dot com and has always 676 00:39:44,160 --> 00:39:45,920 Speaker 1: joined us at our home on the web, Stuff you 677 00:39:45,920 --> 00:39:53,600 Speaker 1: Should Know dot com. For more on this and thousands 678 00:39:53,640 --> 00:40:03,120 Speaker 1: of other topics, is it how stuff Works dot com