1 00:00:00,320 --> 00:00:02,920 Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera. 2 00:00:03,200 --> 00:00:10,000 Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you welcome to stuff mom never told you? 3 00:00:10,200 --> 00:00:18,200 Speaker 1: From how Stuff works dot com. Helloly, welcome to the podcast. 4 00:00:18,280 --> 00:00:21,599 Speaker 1: I'm Christen and I'm Caroline. And we have talked about 5 00:00:22,079 --> 00:00:27,240 Speaker 1: siblings and sibling relationships on the podcast before. We did 6 00:00:27,280 --> 00:00:31,400 Speaker 1: a podcast a while ago on whether birth order affects 7 00:00:31,520 --> 00:00:37,000 Speaker 1: your personality and also did a podcast on sister relationships. 8 00:00:37,120 --> 00:00:41,320 Speaker 1: And every time, all each of those times, um people 9 00:00:41,320 --> 00:00:45,400 Speaker 1: wrote in saying, Hey, you know, I'm an only child. 10 00:00:45,680 --> 00:00:47,599 Speaker 1: I feel a little bit left out of this research. 11 00:00:48,159 --> 00:00:51,240 Speaker 1: Only children feel left out of everything. Yeah, what about 12 00:00:51,320 --> 00:00:55,240 Speaker 1: what about us? I know? So today we are going 13 00:00:55,320 --> 00:00:58,280 Speaker 1: to talk about you only children. This is for you. 14 00:00:58,600 --> 00:01:01,800 Speaker 1: And I'm looking at you right now Caroline, because guess what, folks, 15 00:01:02,280 --> 00:01:06,319 Speaker 1: Caroline is an only child. Mostly my brother would argue 16 00:01:06,360 --> 00:01:08,200 Speaker 1: with you, but he is my half brother. I was. 17 00:01:08,280 --> 00:01:11,520 Speaker 1: I was raised an only child. My brother is thirteen 18 00:01:11,560 --> 00:01:15,600 Speaker 1: years older, which I like to remind him of he's old. 19 00:01:16,319 --> 00:01:21,000 Speaker 1: But um, yeah, I had a good childhood. I was. 20 00:01:21,959 --> 00:01:24,080 Speaker 1: I was a little spoiled. I gotta say that I 21 00:01:24,120 --> 00:01:25,560 Speaker 1: fit that I fit that part of the series tip. 22 00:01:25,560 --> 00:01:28,240 Speaker 1: But I think I ended up find him a nice person. 23 00:01:28,560 --> 00:01:31,000 Speaker 1: I'll let people I like. Strangers talk to me on 24 00:01:31,040 --> 00:01:35,039 Speaker 1: Martha in the morning, you know, I'll give people money sometimes. 25 00:01:35,120 --> 00:01:39,800 Speaker 1: Marda is Atlanta's real And I try not to make 26 00:01:39,840 --> 00:01:41,960 Speaker 1: eye contact because I really don't want strangers to talk 27 00:01:41,959 --> 00:01:45,280 Speaker 1: to me. But I'm getting up my attention. Let's let's 28 00:01:45,319 --> 00:01:47,919 Speaker 1: talk about some Yeah, let's talk about some stereos because 29 00:01:48,000 --> 00:01:50,720 Speaker 1: I'm standing at the opposite end of the spectrum. Um. 30 00:01:50,880 --> 00:01:54,000 Speaker 1: Old time listeners might already know that I'm the youngest 31 00:01:54,000 --> 00:01:57,360 Speaker 1: of five children, so I mean, Kristen and I really 32 00:01:57,360 --> 00:01:59,760 Speaker 1: shouldn't even get along. Yeah, and my oldest sibling is 33 00:01:59,800 --> 00:02:02,640 Speaker 1: five teen years older than me, talk about super old. 34 00:02:02,920 --> 00:02:06,040 Speaker 1: How old is your middle sister? The next one up 35 00:02:06,160 --> 00:02:09,760 Speaker 1: is four years older than me, So we're quite a 36 00:02:10,680 --> 00:02:14,200 Speaker 1: quite a spread. Um, but you have so. So my 37 00:02:14,200 --> 00:02:19,000 Speaker 1: my stereotypes are what Caroline lastborn children. It's not it's 38 00:02:19,000 --> 00:02:21,560 Speaker 1: not pretty. I mean, you're adorable, You're considered the baby 39 00:02:21,600 --> 00:02:24,959 Speaker 1: of the family. You know you you are. You tend 40 00:02:25,000 --> 00:02:28,440 Speaker 1: to get away with things. Um, you kind of get 41 00:02:28,440 --> 00:02:32,160 Speaker 1: away with murder. Mm hmm um. Yeah, you're your your 42 00:02:32,200 --> 00:02:36,800 Speaker 1: social and outgoing financially responsible and charming, and let's not 43 00:02:36,840 --> 00:02:41,160 Speaker 1: forget manipulative. And if you listen to the psychopath podcast, 44 00:02:41,800 --> 00:02:44,600 Speaker 1: it does not mean that our youngest children or psychopath. 45 00:02:44,720 --> 00:02:47,680 Speaker 1: And I'm only and and I'm left handed. Oh lord, 46 00:02:47,800 --> 00:02:51,280 Speaker 1: this is not some bad things. Uh. Well, you know what. 47 00:02:51,880 --> 00:02:55,679 Speaker 1: Uh the as as most you probably know, the stereotype 48 00:02:55,960 --> 00:03:00,200 Speaker 1: for only children not so flattering either. This is coming 49 00:03:00,280 --> 00:03:03,200 Speaker 1: from psychologist Kevin Lehman, who was the author of the 50 00:03:03,280 --> 00:03:06,520 Speaker 1: Birth Order Book, and he was talking to CBS News 51 00:03:06,560 --> 00:03:10,519 Speaker 1: about birth order stereotypes, and he writes that only children 52 00:03:10,919 --> 00:03:15,560 Speaker 1: are firstborns in triplicated, you're even more responsible. Hey, and 53 00:03:15,720 --> 00:03:18,639 Speaker 1: you're even more of a perfectionist, and you usually get 54 00:03:18,639 --> 00:03:22,639 Speaker 1: along with people older than yourself. But you also tend 55 00:03:22,680 --> 00:03:28,160 Speaker 1: to be critical, self centered, unnecessarily structured. I do like 56 00:03:28,240 --> 00:03:33,760 Speaker 1: routine and horribly lonely. That is not true. That's in 57 00:03:33,840 --> 00:03:40,119 Speaker 1: my notes lonely, lonely. Um, yeah, well, only children. It's 58 00:03:40,160 --> 00:03:43,200 Speaker 1: interesting because when I was growing up, the thing that 59 00:03:43,240 --> 00:03:46,600 Speaker 1: people told my parents most was she's so mature for 60 00:03:46,760 --> 00:03:48,960 Speaker 1: her age. I was. I was a little adult. And 61 00:03:48,960 --> 00:03:50,960 Speaker 1: that's what a lot of people say about only children, 62 00:03:51,040 --> 00:03:53,440 Speaker 1: because you're just hanging out with your parents all the time. Yeah, 63 00:03:53,480 --> 00:03:55,920 Speaker 1: there was a blogger at the Wall Street Journal, Sarah 64 00:03:55,920 --> 00:03:59,720 Speaker 1: Scheffer Munio's, who wrote about how she was worried that 65 00:03:59,800 --> 00:04:04,640 Speaker 1: her her six year old only daughter was becoming kind 66 00:04:04,640 --> 00:04:06,440 Speaker 1: of too much of a little adult because you would 67 00:04:06,480 --> 00:04:09,920 Speaker 1: have these fake phone conversations all the time, but she 68 00:04:09,960 --> 00:04:13,360 Speaker 1: would talk about things that charining stuff. Yeah, she had 69 00:04:13,360 --> 00:04:15,760 Speaker 1: her overheard her parents talking about, like, you know, the 70 00:04:15,800 --> 00:04:20,080 Speaker 1: recession these days not good. Well, you know, but part 71 00:04:20,080 --> 00:04:23,320 Speaker 1: of that, part of what that leads to, um is 72 00:04:23,480 --> 00:04:26,680 Speaker 1: higher verbal scores. Only children tend to have higher verbal 73 00:04:26,720 --> 00:04:30,880 Speaker 1: scores on tests and everything because, um, they've been surrounded 74 00:04:30,920 --> 00:04:34,120 Speaker 1: by adults speaking adult language. You do talk pretty good, 75 00:04:34,400 --> 00:04:39,440 Speaker 1: n y'all. Um. But it's important to to talk about 76 00:04:39,480 --> 00:04:43,520 Speaker 1: only children these days too, because thanks to the recession, 77 00:04:44,279 --> 00:04:48,760 Speaker 1: more parents are opting for only child households because guess what, folks, 78 00:04:48,839 --> 00:04:52,239 Speaker 1: Raising a kid, Uh here's breaking news is not cheap. 79 00:04:52,800 --> 00:04:56,240 Speaker 1: According to the U S Department of Agriculture, raising a 80 00:04:56,320 --> 00:04:59,600 Speaker 1: child in the United States cost around two d and 81 00:04:59,720 --> 00:05:02,640 Speaker 1: eight six thousand dollars and that's not including college. And 82 00:05:02,720 --> 00:05:04,919 Speaker 1: that's probably an average child that's probably not like a 83 00:05:05,000 --> 00:05:08,880 Speaker 1: verrucous salt type who wants everything and the golden goose. 84 00:05:09,920 --> 00:05:15,159 Speaker 1: But according to the Pew Survey of American motherhood, only 85 00:05:15,360 --> 00:05:18,919 Speaker 1: three percent of adults said that one child was ideal, 86 00:05:19,320 --> 00:05:22,839 Speaker 1: whereas forty six percent said two was the ideal number 87 00:05:22,880 --> 00:05:25,880 Speaker 1: of kids. Okay, but it seems like, I mean, it 88 00:05:25,880 --> 00:05:28,760 Speaker 1: seems like, uh, it's it's really shooting up there, the 89 00:05:28,760 --> 00:05:31,280 Speaker 1: amount of people having just one child. Right, even though 90 00:05:31,320 --> 00:05:33,640 Speaker 1: we might not think that that, there's still some this 91 00:05:33,640 --> 00:05:37,880 Speaker 1: this negative association um with having an only child for 92 00:05:37,920 --> 00:05:41,320 Speaker 1: some reason in our our collective psyche. But the number 93 00:05:42,000 --> 00:05:46,360 Speaker 1: is rising. Um. And since the early nineteen sixties, according 94 00:05:46,360 --> 00:05:49,719 Speaker 1: to the National Center for Health Statistics, single child families 95 00:05:49,720 --> 00:05:53,880 Speaker 1: have almost doubled to about one in five. So you 96 00:05:54,000 --> 00:05:58,279 Speaker 1: are not uncommon, right, I'm not alone despite being so 97 00:05:58,279 --> 00:06:02,400 Speaker 1: so alone. Um, But it's interesting that you mentioned, um, 98 00:06:02,440 --> 00:06:04,520 Speaker 1: you know that that all a very small number of 99 00:06:04,520 --> 00:06:07,320 Speaker 1: people consider it ideal to have only one child, and 100 00:06:07,320 --> 00:06:10,000 Speaker 1: that if that's sort of an idea that persists, and 101 00:06:10,080 --> 00:06:15,000 Speaker 1: it's all g. Stanley Hall's fault. Yeah, he is known 102 00:06:15,120 --> 00:06:19,479 Speaker 1: as the father of modern psychology. But my goodness, doctor 103 00:06:19,520 --> 00:06:22,719 Speaker 1: Hall did not really like only children. Now. He said 104 00:06:22,760 --> 00:06:25,840 Speaker 1: it was a disease in itself be an only child. 105 00:06:25,960 --> 00:06:29,200 Speaker 1: And this comes from an eighteen nineties six study that 106 00:06:29,240 --> 00:06:34,400 Speaker 1: he conducted called of Peculiar and Exceptional Children, in which 107 00:06:34,440 --> 00:06:38,960 Speaker 1: he studied these these anomalies which were only children at 108 00:06:38,960 --> 00:06:41,599 Speaker 1: the time, and uh, he just thought that they were 109 00:06:41,760 --> 00:06:46,120 Speaker 1: complete and total misfits. Now, granted, we're talking about a 110 00:06:46,160 --> 00:06:49,320 Speaker 1: study conducted in eight might not have the same kind 111 00:06:49,320 --> 00:06:53,400 Speaker 1: of methodological rigor that is study today we would hope 112 00:06:53,760 --> 00:06:56,680 Speaker 1: would have. But grand Will Stanley Hall is really the 113 00:06:56,720 --> 00:07:00,719 Speaker 1: one who perpetuated that negative stereotype. It is only snowballed 114 00:07:00,880 --> 00:07:05,320 Speaker 1: since then. And psychologist Tony Falbo from u T. Austin 115 00:07:05,880 --> 00:07:08,320 Speaker 1: called Hall a product of his time, and it really was. 116 00:07:08,400 --> 00:07:12,000 Speaker 1: I mean, I've done a lot of family research, genealogy research, 117 00:07:12,040 --> 00:07:14,160 Speaker 1: and it was not uncommon to find a branch of 118 00:07:14,160 --> 00:07:17,200 Speaker 1: the family that had a whole lot of offshoots. I mean, 119 00:07:17,760 --> 00:07:20,920 Speaker 1: I had some relatives who had thirteen kids. I'm like, 120 00:07:20,960 --> 00:07:22,840 Speaker 1: what do you do with thirteen kids? You don't live 121 00:07:22,840 --> 00:07:24,560 Speaker 1: on a farm, you don't have to milk cows. What 122 00:07:24,560 --> 00:07:26,440 Speaker 1: are they all doing? How do they fit in the house? 123 00:07:26,920 --> 00:07:29,160 Speaker 1: But I mean it wasn't uncommon. Well, it makes sense 124 00:07:29,200 --> 00:07:32,040 Speaker 1: because a lot of the that preference for larger families 125 00:07:32,320 --> 00:07:38,280 Speaker 1: goes back to um more agrarian times because children were 126 00:07:38,280 --> 00:07:41,320 Speaker 1: more seen as resources who could farm the land. And 127 00:07:41,320 --> 00:07:46,280 Speaker 1: this is a cross cultural thing that California State University 128 00:07:46,840 --> 00:07:52,160 Speaker 1: research your Adrian uh Muncius has noted. She studied why 129 00:07:52,200 --> 00:07:54,920 Speaker 1: that only child stereotype exists, and she says that it 130 00:07:55,760 --> 00:08:00,160 Speaker 1: exists almost everywhere, and it's because, um, you know, they're 131 00:08:00,320 --> 00:08:02,600 Speaker 1: they're more helping hands if you have land and you 132 00:08:02,600 --> 00:08:05,680 Speaker 1: have more people to attend to it. Right. Falbo said 133 00:08:05,680 --> 00:08:09,920 Speaker 1: that Hall's childhood was about the fraternizing and socializing children enjoyed, 134 00:08:10,040 --> 00:08:13,200 Speaker 1: the large number of brothers, sisters, and cousins, the adventures 135 00:08:13,200 --> 00:08:16,520 Speaker 1: and explorations in the countryside, and a house filled with kids. So, 136 00:08:16,560 --> 00:08:20,280 Speaker 1: I mean, his is a perspective that I can understand 137 00:08:20,280 --> 00:08:22,720 Speaker 1: and that I have experienced from someone in my own life. 138 00:08:22,800 --> 00:08:26,280 Speaker 1: My freshman roommate in college came from a very large family. 139 00:08:26,400 --> 00:08:29,640 Speaker 1: She was very close with all of her brothers and sisters. Um, 140 00:08:29,760 --> 00:08:32,040 Speaker 1: which is great, I mean, more power to you. I mean, 141 00:08:32,040 --> 00:08:34,520 Speaker 1: it's great to have those really close sibling relationships. But 142 00:08:34,640 --> 00:08:38,080 Speaker 1: she honestly, honestly felt sorry for me that I had 143 00:08:38,080 --> 00:08:39,840 Speaker 1: grown up as an only child, and I'm sitting here 144 00:08:39,880 --> 00:08:42,240 Speaker 1: like I had a lot of toys. I was. Yeah, 145 00:08:42,240 --> 00:08:44,600 Speaker 1: I mean I think that's the thing. They're they're obvious 146 00:08:44,720 --> 00:08:48,560 Speaker 1: benefits on either side, because it all goes back to 147 00:08:49,160 --> 00:08:52,480 Speaker 1: that issue of resources. Because on the one hand, I 148 00:08:52,840 --> 00:08:55,720 Speaker 1: even though, um, you know, my next sibling up was 149 00:08:55,760 --> 00:08:58,920 Speaker 1: four years so there was always kind of a gap. Um, 150 00:08:59,000 --> 00:09:02,120 Speaker 1: but you know, I might have had the resources of 151 00:09:02,520 --> 00:09:05,439 Speaker 1: having you know, other kids around to play with if 152 00:09:05,440 --> 00:09:08,080 Speaker 1: I wanted to, although at certain ages they were like Chris, 153 00:09:08,080 --> 00:09:11,720 Speaker 1: when you're too young, they'll play with your dolls alone. Um, 154 00:09:11,920 --> 00:09:16,920 Speaker 1: Whereas you got the undivided resources of your parents, which 155 00:09:17,000 --> 00:09:20,959 Speaker 1: is why Tony Falbo um at U t. Austin has 156 00:09:21,040 --> 00:09:24,480 Speaker 1: concluded that, you know what, being an only child is 157 00:09:24,679 --> 00:09:28,800 Speaker 1: pretty grand. Yes. Salbo points out that when a college 158 00:09:28,880 --> 00:09:31,840 Speaker 1: education has to be provided for one child as opposed 159 00:09:31,880 --> 00:09:35,160 Speaker 1: to you know, three four, it's more likely that the 160 00:09:35,160 --> 00:09:37,320 Speaker 1: one child will not only go to college, but also 161 00:09:37,360 --> 00:09:41,480 Speaker 1: maybe sent to a more prestigious, expensive school because maybe 162 00:09:41,520 --> 00:09:44,240 Speaker 1: the parents have saved money, or even if they haven't 163 00:09:44,240 --> 00:09:46,600 Speaker 1: saved money, there's just more resources to send that kid 164 00:09:46,640 --> 00:09:50,240 Speaker 1: to possibly a better school. And along with that, parents 165 00:09:50,320 --> 00:09:55,720 Speaker 1: have only children do tend to set higher, um, set 166 00:09:55,800 --> 00:09:59,480 Speaker 1: higher expectations for that one child that they have, which 167 00:09:59,520 --> 00:10:01,240 Speaker 1: might be one of the reasons why they do. As 168 00:10:01,240 --> 00:10:06,760 Speaker 1: you mentioned earlier, Caroline, tend to score higher on achievement tests, right, 169 00:10:06,760 --> 00:10:08,040 Speaker 1: And there's a lot of it. There's a lot of 170 00:10:08,080 --> 00:10:10,800 Speaker 1: pressure put on only children, like you said, and and 171 00:10:10,840 --> 00:10:14,320 Speaker 1: it's the same kind of thing as firstborns experience. So 172 00:10:14,400 --> 00:10:17,480 Speaker 1: your your oldest sister might have experienced something like this, 173 00:10:17,600 --> 00:10:20,720 Speaker 1: And UM, only children and firstborns tend to have a 174 00:10:20,720 --> 00:10:23,880 Speaker 1: lot of that parental pressure. They tend to be perfectionists 175 00:10:23,960 --> 00:10:25,679 Speaker 1: and they're like, Okay, mom and dad have a lot 176 00:10:25,679 --> 00:10:28,120 Speaker 1: of expectations for me. I'm going to try to to 177 00:10:28,200 --> 00:10:31,200 Speaker 1: please them. And so both only children and firstborns tend 178 00:10:31,320 --> 00:10:34,240 Speaker 1: to be people pleasers. They want to make their bed 179 00:10:34,320 --> 00:10:37,960 Speaker 1: the best they want to. They want to do really 180 00:10:38,040 --> 00:10:41,320 Speaker 1: well on their homework and pitching for with household chores 181 00:10:41,320 --> 00:10:45,040 Speaker 1: and everything like that. But when everything shakes out. UM. 182 00:10:45,160 --> 00:10:47,800 Speaker 1: Tony Falbot, who has been studying only children since the 183 00:10:47,880 --> 00:10:51,760 Speaker 1: seventies UM, which includes going back and re studying those 184 00:10:51,800 --> 00:10:56,000 Speaker 1: old studies that were that were conducted, she found that, UM, 185 00:10:56,520 --> 00:10:59,320 Speaker 1: when you put a bunch of people in a room. 186 00:10:59,520 --> 00:11:02,600 Speaker 1: You know, old are only children, people like me from 187 00:11:03,000 --> 00:11:07,680 Speaker 1: large families and everything in between. Their personalities are indistinguishable, 188 00:11:08,240 --> 00:11:10,480 Speaker 1: you know, they don't stand out as some sore thumbs. 189 00:11:10,520 --> 00:11:13,760 Speaker 1: Who are you know, in the corner sneering at everyone. 190 00:11:15,240 --> 00:11:19,319 Speaker 1: Maybe those people have anxiety disorders. Um. Yeah, and found 191 00:11:19,320 --> 00:11:21,760 Speaker 1: those books the single child families. She actually covered a 192 00:11:21,840 --> 00:11:24,880 Speaker 1: hundred years worth of studies about only children and came 193 00:11:24,960 --> 00:11:28,679 Speaker 1: up with, Yeah, they're fine, They're really not disadvantaged. There 194 00:11:28,720 --> 00:11:31,400 Speaker 1: was a two thousand four study by Douglas Downey of 195 00:11:31,440 --> 00:11:34,959 Speaker 1: Ohio State University. He looked at more than twenty thousand 196 00:11:35,120 --> 00:11:39,560 Speaker 1: kindergarteners and found that teachers rated only children as having 197 00:11:39,679 --> 00:11:42,120 Speaker 1: poorer social skills in their peers who had at least 198 00:11:42,160 --> 00:11:45,319 Speaker 1: one sibling, and the teachers said they had less self control, 199 00:11:45,480 --> 00:11:48,400 Speaker 1: few were inter personal skills, and more behavioral problems. But 200 00:11:48,440 --> 00:11:53,280 Speaker 1: what's interesting is that when Downey performed a follow up study, 201 00:11:54,000 --> 00:11:57,480 Speaker 1: follow up analysis of these kindergarteners who were then in 202 00:11:57,520 --> 00:12:01,120 Speaker 1: fifth grade, there really was no different in their social 203 00:12:01,160 --> 00:12:04,640 Speaker 1: skills between the only children and the kids from big families. 204 00:12:04,679 --> 00:12:08,080 Speaker 1: And that's he pretty much talks that up to look, 205 00:12:08,160 --> 00:12:10,520 Speaker 1: kids have friends. I mean, you might be an only 206 00:12:10,679 --> 00:12:14,199 Speaker 1: you might be yeah, I don't know, have less developed 207 00:12:14,200 --> 00:12:17,160 Speaker 1: social skills if you're an only child going to school 208 00:12:17,160 --> 00:12:19,480 Speaker 1: for the first time, going to preschool or kindergarten. But 209 00:12:19,520 --> 00:12:24,120 Speaker 1: that that pretty rapidly disappears as you joined play groups, 210 00:12:24,240 --> 00:12:29,120 Speaker 1: maybe play sports, or you know, take lessons of some kind. Basically, 211 00:12:29,200 --> 00:12:31,760 Speaker 1: kids do get that interaction, and the interaction is what 212 00:12:31,840 --> 00:12:34,480 Speaker 1: helps them develop social skills, right. And the reason why 213 00:12:34,559 --> 00:12:37,280 Speaker 1: one of the reasons why Downey went back and looked 214 00:12:37,320 --> 00:12:41,280 Speaker 1: at that original two thousand four study cohort was because 215 00:12:41,400 --> 00:12:45,440 Speaker 1: he in two thousand ten got together with another sociologist, 216 00:12:46,080 --> 00:12:49,840 Speaker 1: um and they drew on data from the US National 217 00:12:49,920 --> 00:12:54,120 Speaker 1: Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to look at thirteen thousand 218 00:12:54,440 --> 00:12:58,200 Speaker 1: middle school and high school kids and rather than having 219 00:12:58,480 --> 00:13:03,800 Speaker 1: teachers rating them, instead asked these kids to name five 220 00:13:03,920 --> 00:13:06,040 Speaker 1: friends in their school in the process that would be 221 00:13:06,280 --> 00:13:10,000 Speaker 1: termed pure nomination, and they found that only children were 222 00:13:10,120 --> 00:13:13,800 Speaker 1: just as likely to be named as friends as those 223 00:13:13,880 --> 00:13:18,080 Speaker 1: kids who had siblings. So they were thinking, oh, well, hey, 224 00:13:18,160 --> 00:13:20,600 Speaker 1: you know what looks like looks like they catch up. 225 00:13:21,000 --> 00:13:23,480 Speaker 1: Maybe you lag behind a little bit at first when 226 00:13:23,520 --> 00:13:28,360 Speaker 1: you're having your imaginary phone calls about the banking crisis. Well, 227 00:13:28,400 --> 00:13:30,400 Speaker 1: you know what, I tried to have an imaginary friend 228 00:13:30,440 --> 00:13:32,480 Speaker 1: one time, because I just like, as a child, I 229 00:13:32,520 --> 00:13:35,560 Speaker 1: was aware that other people had imaginary friends, and I tried, 230 00:13:35,679 --> 00:13:37,520 Speaker 1: and I just thought, well, there's no one here. This 231 00:13:37,600 --> 00:13:40,000 Speaker 1: is really boring. I'm gonna go back to playing with 232 00:13:40,000 --> 00:13:42,880 Speaker 1: my barbies. None of these imaginary friends are interesting enough, 233 00:13:45,120 --> 00:13:51,480 Speaker 1: critical critical. But let's talk about China, because Tony Falbo 234 00:13:51,920 --> 00:13:55,520 Speaker 1: studied four thousand children in China, because what better place 235 00:13:55,880 --> 00:14:00,760 Speaker 1: to study, uh, only child pathologies than in the land 236 00:14:00,800 --> 00:14:03,920 Speaker 1: of the one child policy exactly that has been in 237 00:14:03,960 --> 00:14:06,760 Speaker 1: place for thirty years. That is a lot of people 238 00:14:06,800 --> 00:14:11,040 Speaker 1: growing up without siblings. Um, yeah, she's as Faldo says 239 00:14:11,120 --> 00:14:14,080 Speaker 1: that people were worried that these quote unquote little emperors 240 00:14:14,120 --> 00:14:16,920 Speaker 1: as they call them, would not reflect China's collective as 241 00:14:17,040 --> 00:14:18,920 Speaker 1: values and that they would end up with an entire 242 00:14:19,040 --> 00:14:22,120 Speaker 1: generation of self centered brats. But she found that that 243 00:14:22,200 --> 00:14:25,560 Speaker 1: wasn't the case. But it seems like that policy, she says, 244 00:14:25,960 --> 00:14:28,840 Speaker 1: is being relaxed because it really has tax to the 245 00:14:28,840 --> 00:14:33,240 Speaker 1: country's social services system. So it seems like more people 246 00:14:33,320 --> 00:14:35,640 Speaker 1: are going to be able to have more than one child. 247 00:14:35,640 --> 00:14:37,920 Speaker 1: But it's a question of whether they want to. Yeah. 248 00:14:37,960 --> 00:14:42,440 Speaker 1: The Beijing Institute interviewed the city's young adult population who 249 00:14:42,480 --> 00:14:45,920 Speaker 1: were only children, and fifty percent said that they did 250 00:14:46,000 --> 00:14:48,520 Speaker 1: want one child, and twenty five percent said, you know what, 251 00:14:48,560 --> 00:14:50,000 Speaker 1: I don't I don't need kids at all. That's a 252 00:14:50,080 --> 00:14:53,160 Speaker 1: huge chunk. That's a really big chunk of the population 253 00:14:53,200 --> 00:14:55,280 Speaker 1: that they interviewed. That so they didn't want any children, 254 00:14:55,720 --> 00:14:59,240 Speaker 1: which leads to more worries about the social services system 255 00:14:59,280 --> 00:15:01,840 Speaker 1: and who is going to care for the aging population. Well, 256 00:15:01,840 --> 00:15:06,400 Speaker 1: that's that's the one big impact um with only children, 257 00:15:06,480 --> 00:15:10,560 Speaker 1: especially with the aging baby boomer population, because as your 258 00:15:10,600 --> 00:15:12,760 Speaker 1: parents age, if you're an only child, I mean that 259 00:15:13,440 --> 00:15:17,400 Speaker 1: you're you're the resource as your parents get older. It's scary. 260 00:15:17,760 --> 00:15:20,560 Speaker 1: I mean, it's scary to think that. I mean, I'm 261 00:15:20,680 --> 00:15:23,720 Speaker 1: kind of an exception because I have a half brother 262 00:15:24,080 --> 00:15:26,040 Speaker 1: who would help me, and I mean I we would 263 00:15:26,040 --> 00:15:28,520 Speaker 1: help each other. Um. But yeah, I mean I can 264 00:15:28,520 --> 00:15:30,440 Speaker 1: see how scary it is to be an only child 265 00:15:30,480 --> 00:15:33,200 Speaker 1: and be responsible for your aging parents who are sick, 266 00:15:33,280 --> 00:15:35,240 Speaker 1: and you have to make decisions all on your own 267 00:15:35,280 --> 00:15:38,480 Speaker 1: about well, you know, can they take care of themselves anymore? 268 00:15:38,920 --> 00:15:40,800 Speaker 1: Do they move in with me. Do I put them 269 00:15:40,800 --> 00:15:43,600 Speaker 1: in a nursing home, you know, stuff like that. I 270 00:15:43,640 --> 00:15:46,840 Speaker 1: had a friend whose father passed away a few years ago, 271 00:15:46,960 --> 00:15:50,040 Speaker 1: and she was responsible for a lot of the stuff 272 00:15:50,080 --> 00:15:51,840 Speaker 1: that comes along with what you have to deal with 273 00:15:51,880 --> 00:15:54,920 Speaker 1: in terms of paperwork, expenses and all that stuff, and 274 00:15:54,920 --> 00:15:56,760 Speaker 1: it was a lot for her to handle. Maybe that's 275 00:15:56,760 --> 00:15:59,640 Speaker 1: the flip side of, you know, receiving all of those 276 00:16:00,040 --> 00:16:03,280 Speaker 1: parental resources up front when you're growing up. It's like, well, hey, 277 00:16:03,880 --> 00:16:07,480 Speaker 1: guess what, kid, Now it's your turn. Yeah, yeah, you 278 00:16:07,520 --> 00:16:10,680 Speaker 1: owe your parents like that. But China in the United 279 00:16:10,720 --> 00:16:15,280 Speaker 1: States are not the only places where only children and 280 00:16:15,320 --> 00:16:18,600 Speaker 1: a and a lowering birth rate in general is happening. 281 00:16:19,000 --> 00:16:22,280 Speaker 1: Newsweek recently reported that this is going on a lot 282 00:16:22,320 --> 00:16:25,000 Speaker 1: in Europe, especially in Italy, which has one of the 283 00:16:25,040 --> 00:16:27,760 Speaker 1: lowest birth rates in the world at an average of 284 00:16:27,800 --> 00:16:30,080 Speaker 1: one point eight. How you have a point eight child, 285 00:16:30,080 --> 00:16:33,120 Speaker 1: I'm not sure. Average of one point eight per woman, 286 00:16:33,840 --> 00:16:37,360 Speaker 1: which is fewer births than deaths every year. And by 287 00:16:37,360 --> 00:16:39,360 Speaker 1: the way, yeah, I know that since one point it 288 00:16:39,400 --> 00:16:41,480 Speaker 1: is an average, it doesn't mean that you can have 289 00:16:41,520 --> 00:16:47,400 Speaker 1: a point before people jump on their smartphones or laptops 290 00:16:47,440 --> 00:16:50,440 Speaker 1: to send an email right, um, and some of the 291 00:16:50,760 --> 00:16:54,280 Speaker 1: according to Newsweek, some of the issues that lead to 292 00:16:54,360 --> 00:16:56,400 Speaker 1: having fewer children are, you know, we've touched on it, 293 00:16:56,720 --> 00:17:00,600 Speaker 1: economic uncertainty, working parents, and some thing I've read about 294 00:17:00,640 --> 00:17:03,440 Speaker 1: before in other situations, parents who wait to have kids 295 00:17:03,800 --> 00:17:06,480 Speaker 1: and end up wanting to maintain that lifestyle. People who 296 00:17:06,480 --> 00:17:09,879 Speaker 1: are either getting married later or just getting married and 297 00:17:09,880 --> 00:17:12,919 Speaker 1: then having children later, they're accustomed to a certain degree of, 298 00:17:13,480 --> 00:17:16,919 Speaker 1: you know, a certain lifestyle, they might want to maintain it. 299 00:17:16,960 --> 00:17:19,480 Speaker 1: You know, like, oh, well, we have just one kid, 300 00:17:19,560 --> 00:17:21,399 Speaker 1: so we're gonna go off to Tanzania because we can 301 00:17:21,400 --> 00:17:24,680 Speaker 1: afford it. Let's go on safari. Um. There's also better 302 00:17:24,720 --> 00:17:29,240 Speaker 1: contraception in migration to urban areas. So if you really 303 00:17:29,240 --> 00:17:32,280 Speaker 1: have the strong desire to live somewhere superurban, you know, 304 00:17:32,359 --> 00:17:34,520 Speaker 1: not get a house with the yard, get an apartment instead. 305 00:17:34,840 --> 00:17:37,200 Speaker 1: You probably don't want to have seven kids, I guess. 306 00:17:37,680 --> 00:17:41,560 Speaker 1: But demographers that were interviewed by Time magazine also noted 307 00:17:41,600 --> 00:17:45,320 Speaker 1: that they've noticed in studies that they've done of parenthood 308 00:17:45,680 --> 00:17:47,600 Speaker 1: a lot of times if you have people who have 309 00:17:47,720 --> 00:17:51,119 Speaker 1: one children will fall in love with that first child 310 00:17:51,160 --> 00:17:54,840 Speaker 1: and really want another. And maybe that's for that Um. 311 00:17:54,880 --> 00:17:58,680 Speaker 1: That peer research, you know, to two children as the 312 00:17:58,840 --> 00:18:01,080 Speaker 1: ideal number kind of comes and they just want to 313 00:18:01,160 --> 00:18:03,640 Speaker 1: keep going. Yeah, you have one, You're like, oh my god, 314 00:18:03,680 --> 00:18:07,679 Speaker 1: you're the coolest thing in the world. Let's get another one, right, Well, 315 00:18:07,880 --> 00:18:10,320 Speaker 1: going back to Falbo, she said that many poles show 316 00:18:10,400 --> 00:18:12,240 Speaker 1: that lots of families have a second child for no 317 00:18:12,520 --> 00:18:15,240 Speaker 1: other reason than to prevent the first child from growing 318 00:18:15,320 --> 00:18:17,159 Speaker 1: up without siblings. So there's a lot of reasons that 319 00:18:17,200 --> 00:18:20,320 Speaker 1: people have more than one, and a lot of um, 320 00:18:20,359 --> 00:18:24,119 Speaker 1: a lot of negativity that's imposed on those parents who 321 00:18:24,200 --> 00:18:27,200 Speaker 1: choose to have only children. You know, they feel a 322 00:18:27,320 --> 00:18:31,600 Speaker 1: strange it seems like a strange guilt for just having one. Yeah, 323 00:18:31,600 --> 00:18:34,439 Speaker 1: that Time magazine article really talked talked to a lot 324 00:18:34,480 --> 00:18:38,520 Speaker 1: of parents who felt guilty. They felt attacked by strangers, 325 00:18:38,600 --> 00:18:41,440 Speaker 1: you know, and I just it's none of your business who, 326 00:18:41,640 --> 00:18:43,520 Speaker 1: you know. You don't know why people are only having 327 00:18:43,560 --> 00:18:46,720 Speaker 1: one child. They could have made the decision for whatever reason, 328 00:18:46,840 --> 00:18:49,720 Speaker 1: or maybe they're just unable to. But there were psychologists 329 00:18:49,720 --> 00:18:52,960 Speaker 1: back in Freud's day who were encouraging families to adopt 330 00:18:53,560 --> 00:18:56,080 Speaker 1: a second child or adopt however, many children, if they 331 00:18:56,119 --> 00:18:59,080 Speaker 1: could not conceive a second one just to emotionally balance 332 00:18:59,119 --> 00:19:02,600 Speaker 1: the family well, and Freud himself also wrote that only 333 00:19:02,680 --> 00:19:06,000 Speaker 1: children were prone to sexual identity problems. So, I mean, 334 00:19:06,080 --> 00:19:10,320 Speaker 1: for a century plus, only children have been battling these 335 00:19:10,320 --> 00:19:13,800 Speaker 1: negative stereotypes. And maybe the sooner that research from Falbo 336 00:19:14,000 --> 00:19:17,080 Speaker 1: and others leaks into the mainstream. You know, parents of 337 00:19:17,160 --> 00:19:20,520 Speaker 1: only children don't have to worry that their children will 338 00:19:20,560 --> 00:19:25,240 Speaker 1: be selfish, maladjusted, lonely, miss and thropes. Yeah, I mean, 339 00:19:25,880 --> 00:19:28,160 Speaker 1: it depends on the parents. It depends on what you want, 340 00:19:28,280 --> 00:19:31,040 Speaker 1: how you grew up. You know, a friend of mine 341 00:19:31,080 --> 00:19:34,840 Speaker 1: who grew up as an only child wanted seventeen kids, 342 00:19:35,080 --> 00:19:36,760 Speaker 1: you know, but then she had her first one. She's like, 343 00:19:36,760 --> 00:19:40,760 Speaker 1: that was a tough pregnancy. This is an expensive a 344 00:19:40,760 --> 00:19:43,480 Speaker 1: little bundle of joy what I don't know, two hundred 345 00:19:43,520 --> 00:19:46,880 Speaker 1: and eighty six thousand dollars. Yeah, could be a nice 346 00:19:46,880 --> 00:19:50,639 Speaker 1: thoughts for that, Trann could change uh, And so I 347 00:19:50,680 --> 00:19:54,720 Speaker 1: think just to maybe to sign off and to uh 348 00:19:54,760 --> 00:19:57,000 Speaker 1: for for a little added proof that you know, in 349 00:19:57,000 --> 00:20:00,240 Speaker 1: addition to yourself, Caroline, there are plenty of success will 350 00:20:00,240 --> 00:20:05,040 Speaker 1: only children out there. How about some notable only Yeah, well, 351 00:20:05,119 --> 00:20:10,680 Speaker 1: Chelsea Clinton, obviously, Robin Williams Tiger Woods, Sarah Michelle Gellar 352 00:20:10,760 --> 00:20:13,560 Speaker 1: for Tiger Maybe Tiger Woods isn't a good example of 353 00:20:13,600 --> 00:20:17,960 Speaker 1: tiger hey, but successful, Yes, athletic, proud parents were very 354 00:20:18,040 --> 00:20:21,359 Speaker 1: involved in his golfing. Um, Sarah Michelle Gellar, because I 355 00:20:21,400 --> 00:20:24,240 Speaker 1: know there is a legion of Buffy fans listening right now, 356 00:20:24,760 --> 00:20:29,440 Speaker 1: Alicia Keith and Natalie Portman, Carrie Grant, Swoon, Elvis although 357 00:20:29,520 --> 00:20:31,800 Speaker 1: he was technically born a twin and his twin died 358 00:20:32,359 --> 00:20:36,200 Speaker 1: um and kind of haunted him. John Updyke, Lance Armstrong 359 00:20:36,680 --> 00:20:39,800 Speaker 1: and Frank Sinatra. And here's a quote from Natalie Portman 360 00:20:39,880 --> 00:20:42,800 Speaker 1: about being an only child. She said, I would have 361 00:20:42,920 --> 00:20:45,160 Speaker 1: never been an actress if I weren't an only child 362 00:20:45,320 --> 00:20:47,000 Speaker 1: because my parents would have never let me be the 363 00:20:47,000 --> 00:20:50,040 Speaker 1: star of the family at the expense of another child. 364 00:20:50,400 --> 00:20:53,680 Speaker 1: So there you go again. Resources it's a stage. It 365 00:20:53,840 --> 00:20:56,840 Speaker 1: is a stage. Yeah, I know. Um, yeah, my mom didn't. 366 00:20:57,000 --> 00:20:59,520 Speaker 1: My mom had me was like done, well they did. 367 00:20:59,560 --> 00:21:02,800 Speaker 1: My parents didn't want kids, you know. My dad had 368 00:21:02,800 --> 00:21:04,520 Speaker 1: my brother from a previous marriage and he was like, 369 00:21:04,720 --> 00:21:07,679 Speaker 1: I'm good. And then one day my mother was just like, Chad, 370 00:21:08,359 --> 00:21:10,560 Speaker 1: I want a little girl. And he was like, well, 371 00:21:10,600 --> 00:21:13,560 Speaker 1: I guess if it's a little girl, it would be fine. 372 00:21:13,600 --> 00:21:15,359 Speaker 1: And so then my aunt tells a story. She's like, 373 00:21:15,840 --> 00:21:18,520 Speaker 1: I just prayed to Jesus that your mom and dad 374 00:21:18,600 --> 00:21:21,600 Speaker 1: would have a little girl, and he answered my prayers. 375 00:21:21,640 --> 00:21:27,399 Speaker 1: Here you are today. That is precious. So yeah, I 376 00:21:27,400 --> 00:21:30,760 Speaker 1: guess I got lucky. Yeah, so so our is one 377 00:21:30,800 --> 00:21:36,000 Speaker 1: of the loneliest number. Absolutely not, No, five was five 378 00:21:36,080 --> 00:21:38,760 Speaker 1: was a lonely number. Sometimes, even though there were other 379 00:21:38,880 --> 00:21:43,359 Speaker 1: children in my house, I did play by myself a lot. Yeah, 380 00:21:43,400 --> 00:21:47,240 Speaker 1: my family. I just family dynamics are very interesting and 381 00:21:47,280 --> 00:21:49,440 Speaker 1: it varies from family to family. Yeah. Sure, my mom 382 00:21:49,520 --> 00:21:52,399 Speaker 1: was the oldest of five and she was and is 383 00:21:52,400 --> 00:21:58,080 Speaker 1: a little dictator. So only children, I hope that I 384 00:21:58,119 --> 00:22:02,760 Speaker 1: hope that you um will send us your experiences being 385 00:22:03,040 --> 00:22:04,800 Speaker 1: of being an only child and dealing with that only 386 00:22:04,840 --> 00:22:07,960 Speaker 1: child stereotype and parents out there too who have chosen 387 00:22:08,000 --> 00:22:12,639 Speaker 1: to have one child. Have you received any kind of UM, 388 00:22:12,680 --> 00:22:15,159 Speaker 1: any kind of pressure from parents or friends or just 389 00:22:15,320 --> 00:22:17,920 Speaker 1: random strangers. Yeah, I also want to know if only 390 00:22:18,000 --> 00:22:20,400 Speaker 1: children out there have felt the need to hide it, 391 00:22:20,600 --> 00:22:23,280 Speaker 1: because I always get the same reaction from oh my god, 392 00:22:23,480 --> 00:22:25,120 Speaker 1: I would not have thought you were an only child. 393 00:22:25,160 --> 00:22:29,200 Speaker 1: I'm like, you know, because you're so well adjusted. Thank you, 394 00:22:29,680 --> 00:22:32,399 Speaker 1: so send us your thoughts. Mom Stuff at how stuff 395 00:22:32,400 --> 00:22:35,119 Speaker 1: works dot com is our email address, and we've got 396 00:22:35,160 --> 00:22:38,600 Speaker 1: a couple of emails here in response to our episode 397 00:22:38,760 --> 00:22:42,119 Speaker 1: on sex education. In my episode, I should have said 398 00:22:42,160 --> 00:22:46,040 Speaker 1: two episodes on sex ed um and I thought that 399 00:22:46,080 --> 00:22:49,800 Speaker 1: these were great because they're directly from kids right now 400 00:22:50,160 --> 00:22:55,600 Speaker 1: who are in the school system. So this is coming 401 00:22:55,640 --> 00:22:59,199 Speaker 1: from Alison. She's sixteen years old, and she writes, I 402 00:22:59,240 --> 00:23:01,639 Speaker 1: really enjoyed your podcast on sex ed and would like 403 00:23:01,680 --> 00:23:04,320 Speaker 1: to share my experience in the public schools. When I 404 00:23:04,400 --> 00:23:06,760 Speaker 1: was in middle school, my science class was given the 405 00:23:06,840 --> 00:23:09,920 Speaker 1: scare Tactics sex talk one day, where he learned about 406 00:23:10,000 --> 00:23:12,679 Speaker 1: STDs and all the bad things sex can do to you. 407 00:23:13,080 --> 00:23:15,159 Speaker 1: I was a very innocent seventh grader who didn't know 408 00:23:15,160 --> 00:23:17,399 Speaker 1: anything about sex at the time, so after the talk 409 00:23:17,720 --> 00:23:19,600 Speaker 1: I had to ask my friends about some of the 410 00:23:19,640 --> 00:23:23,720 Speaker 1: things she mentioned but didn't explain. Uh. Then in tenth grade, 411 00:23:23,720 --> 00:23:25,800 Speaker 1: I took biology and simply fell in love with the 412 00:23:25,840 --> 00:23:28,639 Speaker 1: subject because I had such a wonderful teacher. When we 413 00:23:28,680 --> 00:23:31,640 Speaker 1: got to the human reproduction unit, she put a jar 414 00:23:31,720 --> 00:23:33,280 Speaker 1: in the front of the room and let us write 415 00:23:33,280 --> 00:23:36,560 Speaker 1: down any questions about sex we would like to ask anonymously. 416 00:23:37,000 --> 00:23:39,520 Speaker 1: She answered all the questions at the beginning of class 417 00:23:39,560 --> 00:23:43,159 Speaker 1: each day in a very straightforward and uncensored manner. I 418 00:23:43,200 --> 00:23:48,439 Speaker 1: feel like that was the perfect sex education, uncensored and straightforward. Anyhow, 419 00:23:48,520 --> 00:23:50,960 Speaker 1: now I'm getting very familiar with the scientific aspect of 420 00:23:51,000 --> 00:23:53,600 Speaker 1: sex and reproduction, and I'm also looking forward to going 421 00:23:53,600 --> 00:23:58,200 Speaker 1: to college to study neurobiology. Yeah. Thanks Alison. This is 422 00:23:58,320 --> 00:24:01,600 Speaker 1: from Tatum. She's the I'm sixteen and I recently went 423 00:24:01,600 --> 00:24:03,480 Speaker 1: through sex ed in my school. It was taught in 424 00:24:03,560 --> 00:24:04,919 Speaker 1: my health class and it was a part of a 425 00:24:05,000 --> 00:24:08,200 Speaker 1: unit about the body and stuff. Sure, we talked about abstinence, 426 00:24:08,240 --> 00:24:10,520 Speaker 1: but my teacher went through other methods to prevent pregnancy 427 00:24:10,520 --> 00:24:12,639 Speaker 1: and s t I s as well. The thing is, 428 00:24:12,720 --> 00:24:14,760 Speaker 1: we are not eligible to take this class until at 429 00:24:14,840 --> 00:24:17,280 Speaker 1: least sophomore year, and some people don't take it until 430 00:24:17,359 --> 00:24:20,119 Speaker 1: senior year. And I know for a fact that at 431 00:24:20,160 --> 00:24:22,800 Speaker 1: least one of my classmates had been sexually active for years. 432 00:24:22,880 --> 00:24:24,440 Speaker 1: It just seemed to me to be a little late 433 00:24:24,480 --> 00:24:27,360 Speaker 1: in tackling this. Of course, it is better late than never, 434 00:24:27,480 --> 00:24:29,640 Speaker 1: but all of the sex ed previously was more about 435 00:24:29,760 --> 00:24:33,520 Speaker 1: dangers and not about preventing them. I think that maybe 436 00:24:33,520 --> 00:24:35,600 Speaker 1: this should be more constantly addressed over the years, and 437 00:24:35,640 --> 00:24:38,840 Speaker 1: not just in set time classes, because by the time 438 00:24:38,880 --> 00:24:40,960 Speaker 1: the set class comes along, it may be too late. 439 00:24:41,400 --> 00:24:44,000 Speaker 1: Perfect example, a girl in my grade just had a kid. 440 00:24:44,359 --> 00:24:46,960 Speaker 1: She got pregnant by the second semester of her sophomore year. 441 00:24:47,720 --> 00:24:49,520 Speaker 1: But what I can say is that the awkward factor 442 00:24:49,560 --> 00:24:52,200 Speaker 1: went from my eighth grade science teacher blushing at having 443 00:24:52,200 --> 00:24:54,920 Speaker 1: to write down the names for genitalia too. More open 444 00:24:54,920 --> 00:24:57,920 Speaker 1: discussions in the health classroom. I just hope that those 445 00:24:57,960 --> 00:25:00,560 Speaker 1: open discussions can come a bit sooner. So thanks to 446 00:25:00,680 --> 00:25:03,840 Speaker 1: Tamon Allison and everyone else who has written in moms 447 00:25:03,840 --> 00:25:06,560 Speaker 1: Stuff at how stuff works dot com is email address 448 00:25:07,000 --> 00:25:09,439 Speaker 1: and we'd love to see you over on Facebook as 449 00:25:09,480 --> 00:25:13,199 Speaker 1: well and on Twitter at mom Stuff podcast, and of 450 00:25:13,240 --> 00:25:15,800 Speaker 1: course you can head over to the blog during the week. 451 00:25:16,000 --> 00:25:23,320 Speaker 1: It's at how stuff works dot com. Be sure to 452 00:25:23,400 --> 00:25:26,159 Speaker 1: check out our new video podcast, Stuff from the Future. 453 00:25:26,520 --> 00:25:28,800 Speaker 1: Join how Stuff Work staff as we explore the most 454 00:25:28,840 --> 00:25:33,160 Speaker 1: promising and perplexing possibilities of tomorrow. The House Stuff Works 455 00:25:33,200 --> 00:25:41,440 Speaker 1: iPhone app has arrived. Download it today on iTunes. Brought 456 00:25:41,480 --> 00:25:44,679 Speaker 1: to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera. It's ready, 457 00:25:44,880 --> 00:25:45,280 Speaker 1: Are you