1
00:00:00,720 --> 00:00:03,400
Speaker 1: Hey, everybody, this is Joshuam. For this week's select, I've

2
00:00:03,440 --> 00:00:06,840
Speaker 1: chosen our August twenty twenty one episode on child Labor.

3
00:00:07,320 --> 00:00:10,000
Speaker 1: It's one of those rare episodes that contains a mention

4
00:00:10,400 --> 00:00:13,040
Speaker 1: of an episode that we should do that we actually

5
00:00:13,080 --> 00:00:16,920
Speaker 1: did the Newsy Strike, So it's significant for that reason.

6
00:00:17,320 --> 00:00:20,240
Speaker 1: And it is a fairly bleak episode, as you might guess,

7
00:00:20,560 --> 00:00:23,560
Speaker 1: but it also goes to show how far we've come.

8
00:00:28,520 --> 00:00:36,280
Speaker 2: Welcome to Stuff you Should Know, a production of iHeartRadio.

9
00:00:38,200 --> 00:00:39,600
Speaker 3: Hey, and welcome to the podcast.

10
00:00:39,680 --> 00:00:42,680
Speaker 1: I'm Josh Clark, and there's Charles w Chuck Bryant and

11
00:00:42,840 --> 00:00:48,159
Speaker 1: Jerry's out there hovering around in the digital weird audio

12
00:00:48,240 --> 00:00:49,400
Speaker 1: ether and.

13
00:00:49,360 --> 00:00:50,440
Speaker 3: This is stuff you should know.

14
00:00:51,520 --> 00:00:55,080
Speaker 1: This is gonna be a good, uplifting, fun one bouncy

15
00:00:55,160 --> 00:00:57,480
Speaker 1: light one.

16
00:00:56,680 --> 00:00:57,120
Speaker 4: I think so.

17
00:00:57,520 --> 00:00:59,920
Speaker 2: And it's you know, hot off the presses from our

18
00:01:00,240 --> 00:01:03,440
Speaker 2: uh my daughter just wrote this episode for us.

19
00:01:03,720 --> 00:01:08,720
Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, in record time too. I was impressed. He

20
00:01:08,800 --> 00:01:10,640
Speaker 1: didn't pay her, did you no?

21
00:01:11,480 --> 00:01:12,920
Speaker 4: But it's funny. I went to look up.

22
00:01:13,680 --> 00:01:15,479
Speaker 2: You know, I've talked before about, you know the fact

23
00:01:15,520 --> 00:01:17,280
Speaker 2: that I started working when I was thirteen at a

24
00:01:17,319 --> 00:01:22,440
Speaker 2: barbecue restaurant and minimum wage when I started working, was

25
00:01:22,640 --> 00:01:24,440
Speaker 2: three dollars and thirty five cents an hour.

26
00:01:24,640 --> 00:01:28,120
Speaker 3: Wow, we how far we've come at Yeah, not far.

27
00:01:28,959 --> 00:01:31,880
Speaker 4: They've doubled it here at past whatever forty years.

28
00:01:31,959 --> 00:01:33,760
Speaker 3: Isn't that nuts, dude?

29
00:01:34,120 --> 00:01:35,560
Speaker 4: Yeah, and you know we'll get to that.

30
00:01:35,600 --> 00:01:37,920
Speaker 2: But I have a list of kind of where we

31
00:01:38,000 --> 00:01:41,360
Speaker 2: ended up with minimum wage along the years. But yeah,

32
00:01:41,480 --> 00:01:43,959
Speaker 2: JJ's barbecue three thirty five an hour, baby.

33
00:01:43,800 --> 00:01:48,880
Speaker 1: Wow, that's pretty great. My first job was even.

34
00:01:48,680 --> 00:01:49,240
Speaker 3: Younger than that.

35
00:01:49,360 --> 00:01:50,880
Speaker 1: I was like nine or ten when I was a

36
00:01:50,880 --> 00:01:52,840
Speaker 1: paper boy.

37
00:01:53,120 --> 00:01:53,440
Speaker 4: Yeah.

38
00:01:53,520 --> 00:01:55,880
Speaker 2: I mean I couldn't have made more than because I was.

39
00:01:56,080 --> 00:01:57,360
Speaker 2: It's not like I was working every night. I was

40
00:01:57,360 --> 00:02:01,000
Speaker 2: working weekends. I probably made like less than fifty dollars

41
00:02:01,040 --> 00:02:01,400
Speaker 2: a week.

42
00:02:03,720 --> 00:02:06,320
Speaker 3: But I mean, you're thirteen. What were you spending on thirteen?

43
00:02:06,360 --> 00:02:08,520
Speaker 1: And like a good clean Christian kid, you weren't spending

44
00:02:08,520 --> 00:02:09,280
Speaker 1: that on anything.

45
00:02:09,800 --> 00:02:12,000
Speaker 4: Archie comics. It buys a lot of Archie comics, Yeah.

46
00:02:11,840 --> 00:02:14,799
Speaker 1: It does, Yes, it does, although they have a lot

47
00:02:14,800 --> 00:02:17,680
Speaker 1: of variations, so you could easily spend fifty dollars a

48
00:02:17,680 --> 00:02:19,400
Speaker 1: week on Archie comics.

49
00:02:19,400 --> 00:02:22,240
Speaker 2: Back then, though those things were cheap. I was living

50
00:02:22,280 --> 00:02:24,480
Speaker 2: high on the hog, but thirteen.

51
00:02:24,240 --> 00:02:28,000
Speaker 1: So it sounds like a man. So our buddy Dave

52
00:02:28,520 --> 00:02:31,200
Speaker 1: helped us out with this one. Dave Rus and he

53
00:02:31,280 --> 00:02:33,080
Speaker 1: makes a really good point that you and I sitting

54
00:02:33,120 --> 00:02:35,480
Speaker 1: around talking about, you know, you made fifty.

55
00:02:35,200 --> 00:02:35,720
Speaker 3: Bucks a week.

56
00:02:35,760 --> 00:02:39,040
Speaker 1: I was a paper boy, like whatever stresses and troubles

57
00:02:39,080 --> 00:02:43,800
Speaker 1: that we ran into post you know, nineteen seventy something.

58
00:02:45,280 --> 00:02:47,960
Speaker 1: As far as our first jobs go when we were younger,

59
00:02:48,320 --> 00:02:51,360
Speaker 1: that does not qualify as child labs. That's not really

60
00:02:51,360 --> 00:02:52,760
Speaker 1: what we're talking about here today.

61
00:02:52,800 --> 00:02:54,600
Speaker 4: It's called the kid having a job exactly.

62
00:02:54,960 --> 00:02:58,200
Speaker 1: It's called you just stop your griping right now, because

63
00:02:58,200 --> 00:03:01,080
Speaker 1: there are actual kids out there who are like real

64
00:03:01,200 --> 00:03:05,600
Speaker 1: deal child laborers who work in like dangerous conditions for

65
00:03:05,760 --> 00:03:09,360
Speaker 1: little to no pay, who don't get to play, who

66
00:03:09,480 --> 00:03:11,760
Speaker 1: may not socialize with other kids their age.

67
00:03:12,200 --> 00:03:13,079
Speaker 3: They may live and.

68
00:03:13,080 --> 00:03:15,440
Speaker 1: Work in a mining camp with nothing but adults and

69
00:03:15,480 --> 00:03:21,240
Speaker 1: grown ups, like like they would kill for you know,

70
00:03:21,320 --> 00:03:22,800
Speaker 1: a JJ's barbecue job.

71
00:03:22,840 --> 00:03:25,920
Speaker 2: Basically, yeah, and this is a good time to be

72
00:03:25,960 --> 00:03:30,200
Speaker 2: talking about that in particular because this is twenty twenty one,

73
00:03:30,280 --> 00:03:33,760
Speaker 2: is the International Year for the Elimination of Child labor.

74
00:03:34,680 --> 00:03:36,640
Speaker 2: And as you'll see throughout this episode, we've made a

75
00:03:36,640 --> 00:03:39,640
Speaker 2: lot of strides here in the US, but like you said,

76
00:03:40,240 --> 00:03:43,240
Speaker 2: it's not not that way everywhere, and it should be.

77
00:03:43,800 --> 00:03:46,840
Speaker 1: And I should say it's probably a little off the

78
00:03:46,920 --> 00:03:49,320
Speaker 1: mark to say that a child laborer would kill for

79
00:03:49,400 --> 00:03:50,160
Speaker 1: a better job.

80
00:03:50,200 --> 00:03:52,080
Speaker 3: They would probably kill to just not have.

81
00:03:52,120 --> 00:03:54,760
Speaker 1: To work at all in general, and just to get to.

82
00:03:54,680 --> 00:03:55,320
Speaker 3: Be a kid.

83
00:03:55,600 --> 00:03:58,240
Speaker 1: And I think ultimately, for people who are activists against

84
00:03:58,320 --> 00:04:01,760
Speaker 1: child labor, that's the goal is to not like get

85
00:04:01,600 --> 00:04:04,760
Speaker 1: better working conditions for six year olds, it's to like

86
00:04:05,000 --> 00:04:07,960
Speaker 1: just make six year olds not have to work any longer.

87
00:04:08,320 --> 00:04:10,640
Speaker 1: And we'll talk about how to solve that, how that

88
00:04:10,640 --> 00:04:14,960
Speaker 1: that International Year for the Elimination of Child Labor aims

89
00:04:15,000 --> 00:04:19,440
Speaker 1: to do that. They have some pretty pragmatic ideas and

90
00:04:19,480 --> 00:04:22,320
Speaker 1: so hopefully they'll this this episode of a nice bow

91
00:04:22,440 --> 00:04:25,240
Speaker 1: on the end. But we're gonna have to slog through

92
00:04:25,240 --> 00:04:27,279
Speaker 1: some misery to get there, Chuck, take it away.

93
00:04:28,880 --> 00:04:31,839
Speaker 2: There's no better place to slog through misery than the

94
00:04:31,880 --> 00:04:35,320
Speaker 2: founding of this country, way back in the old days,

95
00:04:35,360 --> 00:04:41,240
Speaker 2: when the New World was new and settlers came over

96
00:04:41,520 --> 00:04:43,240
Speaker 2: and they very much believed.

97
00:04:43,279 --> 00:04:45,200
Speaker 4: And why did I think this was ed? You said,

98
00:04:45,200 --> 00:04:45,680
Speaker 4: this is Dave.

99
00:04:46,120 --> 00:04:49,479
Speaker 1: Yeah, I'm almost positive it was Dave was ed. It

100
00:04:49,560 --> 00:04:51,720
Speaker 1: reads like a Dave to me, but oh man, if

101
00:04:51,760 --> 00:04:52,680
Speaker 1: it's Ed, I'm sorry.

102
00:04:54,080 --> 00:04:54,719
Speaker 3: Sorry to both.

103
00:04:54,880 --> 00:04:57,800
Speaker 4: Well, sure you need to get those guys together one.

104
00:04:57,720 --> 00:04:58,840
Speaker 3: Day, I think the year.

105
00:04:58,960 --> 00:05:01,520
Speaker 1: Maybe we should keep them for our Yeah exactly, they

106
00:05:01,600 --> 00:05:04,000
Speaker 1: might they might turn against us.

107
00:05:04,920 --> 00:05:05,160
Speaker 3: Yeah.

108
00:05:05,200 --> 00:05:08,000
Speaker 2: So they believe very much that the idol's hands were

109
00:05:08,040 --> 00:05:11,359
Speaker 2: the devil's workshop, that old saying, And you know, this

110
00:05:11,480 --> 00:05:12,760
Speaker 2: is one of those It was kind of hard for

111
00:05:12,839 --> 00:05:16,160
Speaker 2: me to you know, let's just lop off, you know,

112
00:05:16,279 --> 00:05:18,960
Speaker 2: developing nations today, which is clearly awful.

113
00:05:19,480 --> 00:05:20,560
Speaker 4: I found myself.

114
00:05:20,279 --> 00:05:23,159
Speaker 2: As an adult more and more with the cultural relativism,

115
00:05:23,240 --> 00:05:27,160
Speaker 2: thinking like, obviously, five year olds shouldn't be working in factories.

116
00:05:28,120 --> 00:05:30,720
Speaker 2: But when I read about like twelve and thirteen year

117
00:05:30,760 --> 00:05:34,000
Speaker 2: olds working hard back then, I was kind of like,

118
00:05:34,960 --> 00:05:36,920
Speaker 2: it's not great, but it was. That's just kind of

119
00:05:36,960 --> 00:05:39,400
Speaker 2: how it was at the time. If you had parents

120
00:05:39,440 --> 00:05:43,800
Speaker 2: that were farmers, you're not gonna, you know, be just

121
00:05:43,880 --> 00:05:47,599
Speaker 2: hanging out until your sweet sixteenth birthday having a good time.

122
00:05:47,680 --> 00:05:49,800
Speaker 2: You're going to be working from a pretty young age.

123
00:05:50,560 --> 00:05:53,240
Speaker 2: And I found myself more and more thinking, like, you know,

124
00:05:53,560 --> 00:05:57,080
Speaker 2: in certain situations that wasn't the worst thing. But then

125
00:05:57,120 --> 00:05:59,520
Speaker 2: you get to the industrial revolutions, and you know, that's

126
00:05:59,520 --> 00:06:00,640
Speaker 2: what things really got bad.

127
00:06:00,680 --> 00:06:01,560
Speaker 4: But kind of.

128
00:06:01,520 --> 00:06:04,440
Speaker 2: Early on, that's really what we were talking about, was

129
00:06:04,960 --> 00:06:07,840
Speaker 2: a lot of kids working on the farms, a lot

130
00:06:07,880 --> 00:06:11,080
Speaker 2: of boys working on the farm, girls working in the

131
00:06:11,160 --> 00:06:14,120
Speaker 2: house alongside their sisters and mom.

132
00:06:14,560 --> 00:06:16,640
Speaker 4: And you know, this kind of started when they were

133
00:06:16,720 --> 00:06:18,160
Speaker 4: about thirteen years old.

134
00:06:18,160 --> 00:06:21,279
Speaker 2: They were sort of expected to either go work and

135
00:06:21,320 --> 00:06:23,320
Speaker 2: get a job and work full time, or to become

136
00:06:23,360 --> 00:06:27,120
Speaker 2: an apprentice and unpaid apprentice to work for food and

137
00:06:27,160 --> 00:06:28,080
Speaker 2: board and training.

138
00:06:28,800 --> 00:06:31,800
Speaker 1: And I think also in addition to that Protestant work

139
00:06:31,800 --> 00:06:37,480
Speaker 1: ethic of like just completely in the fabric of America

140
00:06:37,520 --> 00:06:39,279
Speaker 1: that was just coming out in you, it's also this

141
00:06:39,400 --> 00:06:41,320
Speaker 1: idea of like what else are you going to do?

142
00:06:41,760 --> 00:06:44,120
Speaker 1: It's not like you consider around and play video games

143
00:06:44,200 --> 00:06:48,080
Speaker 1: or watch TV or do almost anything else except just

144
00:06:48,120 --> 00:06:49,599
Speaker 1: play outside.

145
00:06:50,200 --> 00:06:52,799
Speaker 3: But Chuck, I went back.

146
00:06:52,640 --> 00:06:54,200
Speaker 1: And looked to see if it was always this way,

147
00:06:54,240 --> 00:06:59,120
Speaker 1: and apparently in medieval England you played basically until you

148
00:06:59,200 --> 00:07:02,080
Speaker 1: hit puberty and then you started to get put to.

149
00:07:02,080 --> 00:07:04,400
Speaker 4: Work when you hit puberty at four.

150
00:07:04,880 --> 00:07:07,120
Speaker 3: Right, more like fourteen.

151
00:07:07,320 --> 00:07:10,280
Speaker 1: But like there was like a childhood and it seems

152
00:07:10,280 --> 00:07:13,240
Speaker 1: to have been somewhat wiped out by that Protestant work

153
00:07:13,280 --> 00:07:17,040
Speaker 1: ethic that the Puritans brought over, or at the very

154
00:07:17,160 --> 00:07:19,280
Speaker 1: least it was set back a little more, you know,

155
00:07:19,720 --> 00:07:22,520
Speaker 1: age wise, where you started working, maybe a little sooner

156
00:07:22,560 --> 00:07:25,360
Speaker 1: than you would have had you been in medieval England

157
00:07:25,400 --> 00:07:26,240
Speaker 1: at the time.

158
00:07:27,080 --> 00:07:28,840
Speaker 2: Right, I think, I guess I'm just trying to draw

159
00:07:28,840 --> 00:07:33,400
Speaker 2: a line between life in the sixteen forties and then

160
00:07:33,720 --> 00:07:36,640
Speaker 2: life in nineteen thirty eight when we eventually did something

161
00:07:36,640 --> 00:07:37,480
Speaker 2: about it in the US.

162
00:07:37,640 --> 00:07:40,320
Speaker 1: Yeah, no, totally, And there is an enormous distinction between that,

163
00:07:40,400 --> 00:07:44,360
Speaker 1: cause it was like widespread, but it just it seemed

164
00:07:44,360 --> 00:07:46,440
Speaker 1: like they were mostly working with their families and it

165
00:07:46,520 --> 00:07:48,240
Speaker 1: was just kind of the way that things were.

166
00:07:48,320 --> 00:07:49,760
Speaker 3: That was how life was.

167
00:07:50,280 --> 00:07:52,440
Speaker 2: But it will try and like keep your family alive.

168
00:07:52,600 --> 00:07:55,480
Speaker 2: It's not like, yeah, you know, they were trying to

169
00:07:55,840 --> 00:07:57,760
Speaker 2: just all survive basically.

170
00:07:57,400 --> 00:08:00,000
Speaker 1: Right, And that's actually the reason why it's still around

171
00:08:00,120 --> 00:08:02,920
Speaker 1: in other parts of the world today. It's not even

172
00:08:03,040 --> 00:08:06,440
Speaker 1: necessarily like a like a work ethic where children should

173
00:08:06,480 --> 00:08:09,240
Speaker 1: should work because idle hands are the devil's playthings. Like

174
00:08:09,280 --> 00:08:12,560
Speaker 1: the Puritans thought, it said, it's like this is an

175
00:08:12,600 --> 00:08:15,200
Speaker 1: extra worker. We can have go out and make money

176
00:08:15,240 --> 00:08:18,280
Speaker 1: to keep the rest of the family alive. We just

177
00:08:18,320 --> 00:08:20,440
Speaker 1: don't have a choice in not doing that. And that's

178
00:08:20,840 --> 00:08:22,240
Speaker 1: what drives it still today.

179
00:08:23,520 --> 00:08:28,240
Speaker 2: Right when the Industrial Revolution came around, and we're talking

180
00:08:28,240 --> 00:08:32,840
Speaker 2: about basically cotton factories in a big, big way, there

181
00:08:32,840 --> 00:08:34,840
Speaker 2: are a lot of little kids working there, and people

182
00:08:34,840 --> 00:08:37,920
Speaker 2: like George Washington and Alexander Hamilton thought that was awesome.

183
00:08:39,160 --> 00:08:41,439
Speaker 1: They did, And like, we're going to be skewered for

184
00:08:41,600 --> 00:08:45,640
Speaker 1: even suggesting that Hamilton said this, but he did. He

185
00:08:45,760 --> 00:08:48,800
Speaker 1: said that women and children in America would be quote

186
00:08:48,880 --> 00:08:53,520
Speaker 1: rendered more useful by manufacturing establishments than they otherwise would be.

187
00:08:55,920 --> 00:09:00,600
Speaker 1: And I think what you're saying is like I'm not

188
00:09:00,640 --> 00:09:02,240
Speaker 1: even going to paraphrase, what do you say? And I

189
00:09:02,240 --> 00:09:04,880
Speaker 1: think it's you can understand it on its face.

190
00:09:05,640 --> 00:09:08,040
Speaker 2: Yeah, he's saying, well, you know, they're not doing much

191
00:09:08,160 --> 00:09:10,360
Speaker 2: use for us, these kids. And he's mainly talking about

192
00:09:10,400 --> 00:09:13,320
Speaker 2: kids here who would otherwite quote who would otherwise be idle.

193
00:09:14,920 --> 00:09:18,000
Speaker 2: This isn't Manuel Miranda saying this we all love him.

194
00:09:18,080 --> 00:09:20,199
Speaker 3: No, this isn't he didn't say this in a charming rap.

195
00:09:20,800 --> 00:09:24,200
Speaker 2: No, this is the real Alexander Hamilton. And again it

196
00:09:24,240 --> 00:09:27,000
Speaker 2: was just a different time. But even way back then,

197
00:09:27,679 --> 00:09:30,400
Speaker 2: in the early eighteen hundreds, not everyone thought this was

198
00:09:30,440 --> 00:09:33,840
Speaker 2: a great thing. There was a future mayor of Boston

199
00:09:33,920 --> 00:09:42,120
Speaker 2: named Josiah Quincy Joe Quimby, who toured a cotton factory,

200
00:09:42,160 --> 00:09:44,720
Speaker 2: a cotton spinning factory, and they had, you know, four

201
00:09:44,800 --> 00:09:48,600
Speaker 2: year olds working there all the way to ten, maybe

202
00:09:48,640 --> 00:09:51,960
Speaker 2: ten twelve hours a day for anywhere from twelve to

203
00:09:51,960 --> 00:09:56,800
Speaker 2: twenty five cents a day, not an hour. And he said,

204
00:09:58,280 --> 00:10:01,680
Speaker 2: compassion calls us to pity the little creatures plying in

205
00:10:01,679 --> 00:10:05,000
Speaker 2: a contracted room among flyers and cogs at an age

206
00:10:05,000 --> 00:10:09,000
Speaker 2: when nature requires for them air space and sports. There

207
00:10:09,040 --> 00:10:12,720
Speaker 2: was a dull dejection and the countenance of all of them.

208
00:10:13,160 --> 00:10:15,920
Speaker 2: And you know, we'll get to some of these photos

209
00:10:15,920 --> 00:10:18,120
Speaker 2: as some of these kids later on. When you look

210
00:10:18,120 --> 00:10:22,120
Speaker 2: at them, they look like beaten down miniature adults.

211
00:10:22,320 --> 00:10:27,319
Speaker 3: Yeah, yeah, they really do. They look like us exactly.

212
00:10:27,600 --> 00:10:31,360
Speaker 1: They look ready to retire, they look unhappy, they look, yeah,

213
00:10:31,559 --> 00:10:35,400
Speaker 1: just beaten down. But their miniature and their kids, their children,

214
00:10:35,800 --> 00:10:39,080
Speaker 1: And it's really upsetting to see that a photograph of that,

215
00:10:39,120 --> 00:10:40,880
Speaker 1: I'm sure it's even more upsetting to see it in

216
00:10:40,920 --> 00:10:44,600
Speaker 1: real life. And that's actually how a lot of this,

217
00:10:44,880 --> 00:10:47,800
Speaker 1: a lot of change came through was just people being

218
00:10:47,880 --> 00:10:50,840
Speaker 1: exposed to seeing that and kind of being shocked, having

219
00:10:50,840 --> 00:10:51,960
Speaker 1: their conscience shocked.

220
00:10:52,600 --> 00:10:53,720
Speaker 3: But as.

221
00:10:54,800 --> 00:10:57,720
Speaker 1: Potentially like bad as it was for the children of

222
00:10:57,760 --> 00:11:01,920
Speaker 1: colonial America who were forced to work, it got way

223
00:11:01,920 --> 00:11:05,120
Speaker 1: way worse when the Second Industrial Revolution kicked off, the

224
00:11:05,160 --> 00:11:09,079
Speaker 1: one powered by steam and steel and railroads and little

225
00:11:09,080 --> 00:11:13,480
Speaker 1: hands and unbridled capitalism. When you inject unbridled capitalism into

226
00:11:14,559 --> 00:11:18,560
Speaker 1: an economy that allows for child labor, you can imagine

227
00:11:18,559 --> 00:11:20,400
Speaker 1: that things are going to get much much worse for

228
00:11:20,440 --> 00:11:22,360
Speaker 1: the children before it finally gets better.

229
00:11:23,200 --> 00:11:23,720
Speaker 4: That's right.

230
00:11:23,800 --> 00:11:26,880
Speaker 2: And things did get worse when you're when all of

231
00:11:26,920 --> 00:11:30,520
Speaker 2: a sudden you have a robust steel industry and coal

232
00:11:30,559 --> 00:11:34,720
Speaker 2: mining industry, you have railroads that need this stuff in

233
00:11:34,760 --> 00:11:39,080
Speaker 2: a big, big way, and they, you know, partially kind

234
00:11:39,080 --> 00:11:41,240
Speaker 2: of ran out of workers and partially just saw what

235
00:11:41,280 --> 00:11:44,720
Speaker 2: was right underneath their noses, which is these kids who

236
00:11:44,800 --> 00:11:46,640
Speaker 2: they at this point they had long known that they

237
00:11:46,640 --> 00:11:50,680
Speaker 2: could work and farm and work hard. So they said,

238
00:11:50,840 --> 00:11:53,439
Speaker 2: you know what, a lot of these families in rural America,

239
00:11:53,520 --> 00:11:55,480
Speaker 2: farming dried up a bit, so they moved to the city.

240
00:11:56,200 --> 00:11:59,680
Speaker 2: A lot of it was immigrant labor, as millions of

241
00:11:59,679 --> 00:12:03,960
Speaker 2: people came into the country from Europe fleeting their poverty,

242
00:12:04,040 --> 00:12:07,600
Speaker 2: famine stricken countries, and no matter where they came from,

243
00:12:07,760 --> 00:12:10,800
Speaker 2: it was all under the thumb of the Robber Barons,

244
00:12:10,840 --> 00:12:13,520
Speaker 2: which was I can't remember when we did it, feels

245
00:12:13,559 --> 00:12:15,760
Speaker 2: like a few two or three years ago, but pretty

246
00:12:15,760 --> 00:12:17,479
Speaker 2: good podcast on the Robber Barons.

247
00:12:17,840 --> 00:12:20,720
Speaker 1: Yeah, and we also talked about them in our book.

248
00:12:21,559 --> 00:12:24,080
Speaker 1: We talked about Keeping Up with the Joneses. They played

249
00:12:24,080 --> 00:12:26,280
Speaker 1: a big role in that too. But yeah, so like

250
00:12:26,320 --> 00:12:31,160
Speaker 1: these the Robber Barons got rich through innovation, through consolidation,

251
00:12:31,240 --> 00:12:33,920
Speaker 1: through some pretty clever stuff. A lot of them invented

252
00:12:34,240 --> 00:12:37,920
Speaker 1: new techniques or processes or procedures, so like they definitely

253
00:12:38,400 --> 00:12:41,760
Speaker 1: were doing something, they were being productive, but they also

254
00:12:41,880 --> 00:12:45,200
Speaker 1: got to be filthy rich off of the backs of

255
00:12:45,520 --> 00:12:52,440
Speaker 1: immigrant labor, child labor that they directly exploited. And it

256
00:12:52,520 --> 00:12:57,080
Speaker 1: was basically like there was just nobody looking out for

257
00:12:57,160 --> 00:12:59,640
Speaker 1: anybody else at this time. It was just such a

258
00:12:59,760 --> 00:13:05,160
Speaker 1: pe read of such enormous economic insurgents that there weren't

259
00:13:05,240 --> 00:13:07,960
Speaker 1: there weren't anybody, or there wasn't anybody who was sitting

260
00:13:07,960 --> 00:13:10,280
Speaker 1: there saying like whoa, everybody, we need to stop and

261
00:13:10,360 --> 00:13:12,040
Speaker 1: really think about this and do this in a much

262
00:13:12,040 --> 00:13:16,320
Speaker 1: more directed, smarter, healthier way for our society. It was

263
00:13:16,400 --> 00:13:19,160
Speaker 1: like yeah, it was like just go go, let's see

264
00:13:19,200 --> 00:13:21,280
Speaker 1: where this takes us. And a lot of people got

265
00:13:21,280 --> 00:13:25,160
Speaker 1: trampled underfoot, and that definitely included children labors or child laborers.

266
00:13:26,280 --> 00:13:28,600
Speaker 2: That's right, And I think that's a good time for

267
00:13:28,600 --> 00:13:33,000
Speaker 2: a break. Yeah, yay, that's two ya's any and a's

268
00:13:36,880 --> 00:13:38,360
Speaker 2: So we'll be back and we'll talk a little bit

269
00:13:38,360 --> 00:13:41,320
Speaker 2: about what some of these jobs might have been in

270
00:13:41,320 --> 00:13:42,960
Speaker 2: the late nineteenth century for these kids.

271
00:13:43,000 --> 00:14:09,960
Speaker 1: Right after this, I wonder how many gallons of coffee

272
00:14:10,280 --> 00:14:13,840
Speaker 1: everyone who has listened to this this show since the

273
00:14:13,880 --> 00:14:15,120
Speaker 1: beginning has heard me drink.

274
00:14:17,559 --> 00:14:18,959
Speaker 4: I didn't even hear you drinking.

275
00:14:19,200 --> 00:14:21,400
Speaker 3: Oh you didn't. When I said I had a I

276
00:14:21,440 --> 00:14:22,800
Speaker 3: had a mouthful of cafe.

277
00:14:23,600 --> 00:14:25,280
Speaker 4: Oh interesting, we have no shirt on.

278
00:14:26,560 --> 00:14:31,320
Speaker 3: Nice. That's awesome, man, you just topped mine.

279
00:14:34,560 --> 00:14:38,080
Speaker 1: Said, that's true. I think you should have left a

280
00:14:38,120 --> 00:14:40,480
Speaker 1: mysterious Chuck, because there were a few people out there

281
00:14:40,480 --> 00:14:42,560
Speaker 1: who were about to email and say I was offended

282
00:14:42,560 --> 00:14:44,520
Speaker 1: that Chuck said he wasn't wearing a shirt.

283
00:14:44,960 --> 00:14:47,280
Speaker 4: Yeah, No, I put it on right before we recorded.

284
00:14:47,320 --> 00:14:48,040
Speaker 4: I had it off.

285
00:14:48,360 --> 00:14:49,440
Speaker 3: It's a little hot.

286
00:14:50,080 --> 00:14:51,520
Speaker 4: I felt like I needed to dress up.

287
00:14:51,920 --> 00:14:54,440
Speaker 3: Put the T shirt right. You are you wearing one

288
00:14:54,440 --> 00:14:56,520
Speaker 3: of those tuxedo shirt shirt?

289
00:14:57,280 --> 00:14:58,840
Speaker 4: Have you ever had one of those? Did you ever have?

290
00:14:59,240 --> 00:14:59,800
Speaker 3: I didn't.

291
00:15:00,040 --> 00:15:00,560
Speaker 4: I didn't either.

292
00:15:00,640 --> 00:15:03,160
Speaker 3: You didn't. You didn't wear them with your rainbow suspenders?

293
00:15:03,600 --> 00:15:06,800
Speaker 2: No, that's that stuff was a little too cute, see

294
00:15:06,920 --> 00:15:07,480
Speaker 2: even for me?

295
00:15:07,760 --> 00:15:08,200
Speaker 3: Gotcha?

296
00:15:09,280 --> 00:15:11,680
Speaker 1: Okay, what about the wine of those that looks like

297
00:15:11,760 --> 00:15:13,680
Speaker 1: I would wear it?

298
00:15:13,800 --> 00:15:14,200
Speaker 4: Okay?

299
00:15:14,240 --> 00:15:16,720
Speaker 1: What about one that looks like a like a ripped

300
00:15:16,920 --> 00:15:18,359
Speaker 1: like chest and abdomen?

301
00:15:19,000 --> 00:15:21,040
Speaker 3: Have you warr a T shirt like that? No?

302
00:15:21,240 --> 00:15:22,200
Speaker 4: Those are fun, though.

303
00:15:23,520 --> 00:15:25,680
Speaker 3: I think for certain people they're fun. They're also like

304
00:15:26,080 --> 00:15:28,400
Speaker 3: really good at boosting your ego quietly.

305
00:15:29,400 --> 00:15:32,800
Speaker 2: Sure, there's nothing like me looking in a mirror at

306
00:15:32,880 --> 00:15:36,520
Speaker 2: my beer belly covered in spray painted abs.

307
00:15:37,080 --> 00:15:38,240
Speaker 3: It really works your brain.

308
00:15:38,560 --> 00:15:40,960
Speaker 1: The brain is so dumb that it falls forward every

309
00:15:41,000 --> 00:15:42,000
Speaker 1: time I can attest.

310
00:15:43,440 --> 00:15:44,840
Speaker 2: All right, So we were going to talk about what

311
00:15:44,880 --> 00:15:46,560
Speaker 2: some of these jobs might be, and it kind of

312
00:15:46,560 --> 00:15:51,600
Speaker 2: really depended on where you were living. If you lived

313
00:15:51,640 --> 00:15:54,440
Speaker 2: in the city or if you lived in a company

314
00:15:54,440 --> 00:15:56,360
Speaker 2: town where they had these factories, you were going to

315
00:15:56,440 --> 00:15:58,800
Speaker 2: be working in factories. Flipped out in the rural areas,

316
00:15:58,840 --> 00:15:59,920
Speaker 2: you can be working on farms.

317
00:16:00,080 --> 00:16:03,080
Speaker 1: And most Americans still lived on farms at the time,

318
00:16:03,200 --> 00:16:06,480
Speaker 1: So yeah, most child labor took place on farms.

319
00:16:06,840 --> 00:16:09,640
Speaker 2: But if you were on that farm, you're gonna be

320
00:16:09,640 --> 00:16:12,480
Speaker 2: picking cotton and tobacco. You're gonna be picking a lot

321
00:16:12,480 --> 00:16:16,400
Speaker 2: of stuff and doing all the sort of stuff that

322
00:16:16,520 --> 00:16:17,040
Speaker 2: goes on.

323
00:16:17,200 --> 00:16:22,360
Speaker 4: After the picking, which is all that stuff shucking.

324
00:16:24,080 --> 00:16:24,640
Speaker 3: Good stuff.

325
00:16:24,640 --> 00:16:26,200
Speaker 2: I did when I was a kid, we had a big,

326
00:16:26,240 --> 00:16:29,240
Speaker 2: big garden, and my mom took us to the cannery.

327
00:16:30,600 --> 00:16:32,520
Speaker 4: And it was awful. I hated it.

328
00:16:33,160 --> 00:16:35,720
Speaker 1: Took you to the cannery, like for a sight seeing

329
00:16:35,760 --> 00:16:39,840
Speaker 1: trip or for work to can. So like there was

330
00:16:39,880 --> 00:16:42,360
Speaker 1: a cannery that your mom went to. You guys had

331
00:16:42,400 --> 00:16:44,120
Speaker 1: so much stuff you had to go to a second

332
00:16:44,160 --> 00:16:45,320
Speaker 1: location to can it.

333
00:16:46,040 --> 00:16:49,200
Speaker 2: That was a cannery and Decab County a sort of

334
00:16:49,280 --> 00:16:54,240
Speaker 2: industrial cannery for the people, okay, And we would take

335
00:16:54,520 --> 00:16:59,480
Speaker 2: green beans and corn and we made preserves and all

336
00:16:59,600 --> 00:17:02,360
Speaker 2: kinds off and they had like and you know, you

337
00:17:02,400 --> 00:17:03,640
Speaker 2: could can your own junk.

338
00:17:03,680 --> 00:17:05,800
Speaker 3: There. Sounds like it's like a lot of utopia.

339
00:17:06,600 --> 00:17:09,320
Speaker 2: And yeah, and we would you know, put sharpie like

340
00:17:09,480 --> 00:17:12,480
Speaker 2: beans on the can and Sharpie.

341
00:17:12,119 --> 00:17:15,000
Speaker 4: Put it in the bantry. Huh, that's really really interesting.

342
00:17:15,160 --> 00:17:17,600
Speaker 1: I had no idea that there was a cannery into

343
00:17:17,640 --> 00:17:18,400
Speaker 1: Cab County.

344
00:17:19,200 --> 00:17:21,199
Speaker 2: Yeah, not too far from where I live now. Actually

345
00:17:21,200 --> 00:17:22,760
Speaker 2: it's like fifteen minutes away.

346
00:17:22,760 --> 00:17:24,840
Speaker 3: Probably do you shudder every time you pass it?

347
00:17:25,840 --> 00:17:28,240
Speaker 4: I do a little. Actually I don't pass it much.

348
00:17:28,280 --> 00:17:31,359
Speaker 2: But it's over near the dog pound where you can

349
00:17:31,400 --> 00:17:33,359
Speaker 2: go adopt a dog, and so I think we adopted

350
00:17:33,440 --> 00:17:33,920
Speaker 2: Nico there.

351
00:17:34,320 --> 00:17:35,800
Speaker 4: And I drove by the cannery and just like.

352
00:17:36,359 --> 00:17:38,120
Speaker 3: Yeah, I'll bet it was hot.

353
00:17:38,600 --> 00:17:40,720
Speaker 1: Well, you were lucky you weren't five or six and

354
00:17:40,800 --> 00:17:42,879
Speaker 1: left there to work all day every day.

355
00:17:42,720 --> 00:17:43,080
Speaker 3: Aren't you?

356
00:17:43,280 --> 00:17:45,080
Speaker 4: Yes, you know, for almost no money.

357
00:17:45,200 --> 00:17:47,720
Speaker 1: Yeah, pennies for a bucket of whatever you shucked or

358
00:17:47,760 --> 00:17:53,119
Speaker 1: shelled or did whatever peeled. Yeah, working at a canary

359
00:17:53,160 --> 00:17:56,800
Speaker 1: would probably not have been very fun. They were also

360
00:17:56,960 --> 00:18:00,080
Speaker 1: furnace stoking jobs available, whether you wanted them or not.

361
00:18:00,880 --> 00:18:01,640
Speaker 3: What else, chuck?

362
00:18:02,400 --> 00:18:06,200
Speaker 2: Uh? Well, kids did work in canneries. They also worked

363
00:18:06,200 --> 00:18:08,919
Speaker 2: in textile mills. They had bobbin boys and bob and girls.

364
00:18:09,040 --> 00:18:10,760
Speaker 1: This one doesn't sound so bad to me, but I'm

365
00:18:10,760 --> 00:18:13,080
Speaker 1: sure I'm missing something that makes it atrocious.

366
00:18:13,440 --> 00:18:15,680
Speaker 2: Well, I mean they would climb up on the machine

367
00:18:15,800 --> 00:18:18,840
Speaker 2: and remove the bobbins, the full bobbins, and replace them

368
00:18:18,880 --> 00:18:21,439
Speaker 2: with empty ones. So I don't think that was like

369
00:18:22,320 --> 00:18:25,720
Speaker 2: the worst job in the world. But when you're doing

370
00:18:25,720 --> 00:18:28,080
Speaker 2: that for ten or twelve hours a day and you're six,

371
00:18:28,680 --> 00:18:30,080
Speaker 2: it's probably a bit of a buzzkill.

372
00:18:30,160 --> 00:18:33,480
Speaker 1: Yeah. Yeah, I have a problem inherently with child labor

373
00:18:33,480 --> 00:18:36,280
Speaker 1: in general. Not any I mean, not like having a

374
00:18:36,359 --> 00:18:38,359
Speaker 1: job like you or I had first job. They've got

375
00:18:38,400 --> 00:18:41,000
Speaker 1: no problem with that, but child any kind of child labor,

376
00:18:41,040 --> 00:18:43,280
Speaker 1: even if it is kind of cush comparatively.

377
00:18:44,080 --> 00:18:46,800
Speaker 2: No, I agree that one wasn't terrible. It may have

378
00:18:46,800 --> 00:18:47,760
Speaker 2: been dangerous, though I don't know.

379
00:18:48,000 --> 00:18:51,280
Speaker 1: There's no Yeah, there's no way it wasn't dangerous. It

380
00:18:51,320 --> 00:18:54,000
Speaker 1: had to have been dangerous. We're talking about the nineteenth

381
00:18:54,000 --> 00:18:57,880
Speaker 1: century and industry. It was dangerous in some way. There

382
00:18:57,920 --> 00:19:00,680
Speaker 1: was no osha, no knowing.

383
00:19:00,920 --> 00:19:01,520
Speaker 3: If he was.

384
00:19:02,640 --> 00:19:05,439
Speaker 2: If you did live in the city and did work

385
00:19:06,240 --> 00:19:09,800
Speaker 2: around factories, you would do that. But there were also

386
00:19:09,840 --> 00:19:12,960
Speaker 2: plenty of other jobs you could deliver, like be essentially

387
00:19:12,960 --> 00:19:16,040
Speaker 2: they call them telegraph boys, sort of delivering you know,

388
00:19:16,520 --> 00:19:20,639
Speaker 2: emails basically by hand to people all over town. You

389
00:19:20,640 --> 00:19:23,200
Speaker 2: could shine shoes, you could sell newspapers like you did.

390
00:19:24,560 --> 00:19:26,359
Speaker 1: I didn't stand on a street corner. I was in

391
00:19:26,400 --> 00:19:28,560
Speaker 1: a Newsy which we'll talk a little more about Newsy's

392
00:19:28,560 --> 00:19:32,000
Speaker 1: in a second. I was a delivery boy, and not

393
00:19:32,400 --> 00:19:35,840
Speaker 1: a really great one either. I frequently overslappt and it

394
00:19:35,880 --> 00:19:38,240
Speaker 1: was not good at delivering papers. My mom and my

395
00:19:38,280 --> 00:19:40,119
Speaker 1: oldest sister would have to do my route once in

396
00:19:40,119 --> 00:19:40,520
Speaker 1: a while.

397
00:19:41,240 --> 00:19:43,639
Speaker 4: It's a bike deal, yes, okay.

398
00:19:44,840 --> 00:19:48,119
Speaker 1: And the thing is is like they also make you

399
00:19:48,160 --> 00:19:51,520
Speaker 1: shake down the people for their delinquent subscriptions. So I

400
00:19:51,600 --> 00:19:54,120
Speaker 1: was like a strong arm guy too for the Toledo

401
00:19:54,200 --> 00:19:55,160
Speaker 1: blade as well.

402
00:19:55,200 --> 00:19:56,280
Speaker 4: I want my two dollars.

403
00:19:56,520 --> 00:20:00,000
Speaker 1: Basically, that's exactly right, and that was right in my wheelhouse.

404
00:20:00,480 --> 00:20:02,119
Speaker 1: I was like, this hits a little too close to

405
00:20:02,160 --> 00:20:04,520
Speaker 1: home for me to laugh at the kid. I know

406
00:20:04,600 --> 00:20:06,919
Speaker 1: what he's going through. I've had to put my foot

407
00:20:06,920 --> 00:20:10,560
Speaker 1: in somebody's door before to get their two dollars. Didn't

408
00:20:10,600 --> 00:20:11,359
Speaker 1: ask for a dime.

409
00:20:13,680 --> 00:20:14,240
Speaker 4: I haven't seen that.

410
00:20:14,280 --> 00:20:14,320
Speaker 3: No.

411
00:20:14,359 --> 00:20:16,960
Speaker 4: While that was a good movie, yeah classic.

412
00:20:17,800 --> 00:20:20,080
Speaker 2: If you lived in the mountains of Appalachia, you might

413
00:20:20,080 --> 00:20:24,239
Speaker 2: have been a breaker boy or a mule handler, and

414
00:20:24,280 --> 00:20:26,240
Speaker 2: breaker boys will get I guess we can go ahead

415
00:20:26,280 --> 00:20:28,840
Speaker 2: and tell everyone what that is. Sure, you would sit

416
00:20:28,920 --> 00:20:33,440
Speaker 2: around and break apart lumps of coal into uniform pieces

417
00:20:33,480 --> 00:20:34,120
Speaker 2: all day.

418
00:20:33,960 --> 00:20:37,480
Speaker 3: Long, yep, and break dance on your brakes.

419
00:20:38,600 --> 00:20:40,760
Speaker 4: Yeah, breaker boys, But that was it.

420
00:20:40,840 --> 00:20:42,560
Speaker 1: And they wouldn't let you wear gloves while you were

421
00:20:42,560 --> 00:20:44,919
Speaker 1: a breaker boy too, because they're like, no, no, you

422
00:20:44,960 --> 00:20:47,479
Speaker 1: can't break these things as uniformly if you wear gloves,

423
00:20:47,480 --> 00:20:51,680
Speaker 1: you stupid kid. So you have to basically absorb all

424
00:20:51,720 --> 00:20:54,400
Speaker 1: of this coal dust into your skin, get all sorts

425
00:20:54,400 --> 00:20:57,040
Speaker 1: of little cuts and calluses and all that. By the

426
00:20:57,080 --> 00:21:00,879
Speaker 1: time you're six seven eight, Just do this. This is

427
00:21:00,880 --> 00:21:02,680
Speaker 1: your life. Now, Welcome to Pennsylvania.

428
00:21:04,119 --> 00:21:07,760
Speaker 2: Right then, Let's say you managed to escape all forms

429
00:21:07,760 --> 00:21:10,919
Speaker 2: of formal jobs your parents. They didn't make you go

430
00:21:10,960 --> 00:21:12,919
Speaker 2: to the factory. You did live in the city, so

431
00:21:12,920 --> 00:21:14,960
Speaker 2: you didn't have to work on a farm. And you

432
00:21:15,040 --> 00:21:18,440
Speaker 2: might think you just had it made in the shade.

433
00:21:18,920 --> 00:21:21,159
Speaker 2: Not so, because there was plenty of jobs that you

434
00:21:21,160 --> 00:21:24,600
Speaker 2: could do right there from your pretty little tenement apartment,

435
00:21:25,800 --> 00:21:29,399
Speaker 2: like weaving baskets or making paper flowers, or hand rolling

436
00:21:29,840 --> 00:21:31,560
Speaker 2: cigars and cigarettes all day long.

437
00:21:31,640 --> 00:21:32,320
Speaker 4: And selling them.

438
00:21:32,480 --> 00:21:34,480
Speaker 1: Yeah, it was like, you know, your whole family worked

439
00:21:34,520 --> 00:21:36,359
Speaker 1: on a farm, or if you lived in a tenement,

440
00:21:36,400 --> 00:21:38,800
Speaker 1: your whole family worked, you know, in what are called

441
00:21:38,880 --> 00:21:42,760
Speaker 1: tenement industries. So there was basically not a lot of escape.

442
00:21:42,800 --> 00:21:45,040
Speaker 1: I get the impression that you basically had to have

443
00:21:45,080 --> 00:21:49,200
Speaker 1: wealthy parents to not be forced into child labor at

444
00:21:49,240 --> 00:21:49,639
Speaker 1: the time.

445
00:21:50,600 --> 00:21:52,639
Speaker 2: Yeah, and I might have mentioned this once before. My

446
00:21:52,720 --> 00:21:56,119
Speaker 2: mom did a thing for a little while where we

447
00:21:56,240 --> 00:22:01,879
Speaker 2: would make money doing like stuffing on beloepes. Did you

448
00:22:01,880 --> 00:22:02,720
Speaker 2: remember that stuff?

449
00:22:02,760 --> 00:22:03,120
Speaker 3: I do?

450
00:22:04,320 --> 00:22:05,560
Speaker 4: And I don't even remember what it was for. I

451
00:22:05,600 --> 00:22:06,760
Speaker 4: guess they were for companies.

452
00:22:07,440 --> 00:22:10,040
Speaker 1: Okay, I want to say Easter Seals had people do

453
00:22:10,119 --> 00:22:14,359
Speaker 1: that too, but I'm sure they didn't pay the paid.

454
00:22:15,200 --> 00:22:16,800
Speaker 2: So this would be like a company that would have

455
00:22:16,840 --> 00:22:18,399
Speaker 2: like a packet they would send out that had like

456
00:22:18,440 --> 00:22:21,640
Speaker 2: five things in it, and we would be responsible for

457
00:22:21,800 --> 00:22:24,280
Speaker 2: getting all that stuff in huge boxes, assembling at all

458
00:22:24,800 --> 00:22:26,880
Speaker 2: into the envelopes that they could mail, and we would

459
00:22:26,880 --> 00:22:28,560
Speaker 2: get paid as a family to do that.

460
00:22:28,560 --> 00:22:32,000
Speaker 1: That's cute. That's super late seventies early eighties. Like I

461
00:22:32,000 --> 00:22:34,359
Speaker 1: can see your mom talking on the princess phone making

462
00:22:34,400 --> 00:22:37,240
Speaker 1: all the arrangements for them to ship that tour and

463
00:22:37,400 --> 00:22:39,680
Speaker 1: getting the instructions, you know, and then hanging up in

464
00:22:39,760 --> 00:22:42,800
Speaker 1: that fifty foot long cord just kind of coils up

465
00:22:42,800 --> 00:22:45,600
Speaker 1: on its own, quietly on the floor. Yeah.

466
00:22:45,640 --> 00:22:47,360
Speaker 2: And I didn't mind that so much because I made

467
00:22:47,359 --> 00:22:49,200
Speaker 2: a little money and I could That's something I could

468
00:22:49,200 --> 00:22:50,680
Speaker 2: do while I watched television.

469
00:22:50,920 --> 00:22:53,360
Speaker 3: Yeah, totally, totally, which.

470
00:22:53,160 --> 00:22:54,359
Speaker 4: Is the perfect job, as we all know.

471
00:22:54,440 --> 00:22:57,280
Speaker 1: Yeah, not exactly a high pressure job. It sounds like

472
00:22:57,520 --> 00:22:59,720
Speaker 1: I wouldn't even know if that qualifies as a tenement

473
00:22:59,720 --> 00:23:01,240
Speaker 1: into street to tell you the truth.

474
00:23:01,840 --> 00:23:03,520
Speaker 4: No, not in the nineteen seventies.

475
00:23:03,640 --> 00:23:05,640
Speaker 3: No, you had a lot of jobs though as a kid.

476
00:23:05,720 --> 00:23:06,280
Speaker 3: Good for you.

477
00:23:07,280 --> 00:23:08,760
Speaker 4: I always wanted my own money.

478
00:23:08,560 --> 00:23:13,280
Speaker 1: Protestant work ethic shining through like a city upon a hill.

479
00:23:13,920 --> 00:23:15,040
Speaker 4: Should we talk newsies?

480
00:23:15,440 --> 00:23:16,320
Speaker 3: Yeah we should.

481
00:23:16,359 --> 00:23:20,639
Speaker 1: And I think also the Newsy strike that we're gonna

482
00:23:20,680 --> 00:23:24,320
Speaker 1: mention deserves its own episode, at least, I shortly agree,

483
00:23:24,400 --> 00:23:27,680
Speaker 1: if not its own episode. Okay, so yeah, let's just

484
00:23:27,720 --> 00:23:28,720
Speaker 1: not talk about newsies.

485
00:23:29,640 --> 00:23:30,640
Speaker 4: No.

486
00:23:30,640 --> 00:23:31,960
Speaker 2: No, I thought the same thing, And the more I

487
00:23:31,960 --> 00:23:34,199
Speaker 2: got into the strike, I was like, this is just

488
00:23:34,240 --> 00:23:34,600
Speaker 2: too much.

489
00:23:34,640 --> 00:23:35,520
Speaker 4: We got to do something.

490
00:23:35,960 --> 00:23:40,159
Speaker 2: But the idea was that little boys would buy a

491
00:23:40,200 --> 00:23:44,760
Speaker 2: stack of newspapers wholesale for about fifty cents per one

492
00:23:44,840 --> 00:23:45,760
Speaker 2: hundred girls too.

493
00:23:45,800 --> 00:23:47,040
Speaker 3: I saw girls that did it too.

494
00:23:47,480 --> 00:23:49,200
Speaker 2: Oh, girls did it too, all right, and they sold

495
00:23:49,280 --> 00:23:51,360
Speaker 2: them for a penny apiece, so they would make half

496
00:23:51,400 --> 00:23:55,399
Speaker 2: a penny per paper selling in the big cities, especially

497
00:23:55,400 --> 00:23:58,119
Speaker 2: in New York City of course. And then eventually in

498
00:23:58,160 --> 00:24:01,200
Speaker 2: eighteen ninety nine they did go on strike, and it.

499
00:24:01,119 --> 00:24:01,880
Speaker 4: Was a big deal.

500
00:24:02,000 --> 00:24:05,320
Speaker 2: It kind of ground. I mean, it didn't grind them

501
00:24:05,320 --> 00:24:09,439
Speaker 2: to a complete halt, but it really disrupted their flow

502
00:24:09,920 --> 00:24:11,800
Speaker 2: and getting newspapers into the hands of people.

503
00:24:11,920 --> 00:24:12,280
Speaker 3: Dude.

504
00:24:12,400 --> 00:24:17,480
Speaker 1: Their sales over this two week strike went down two thirds. Yeah,

505
00:24:17,520 --> 00:24:22,399
Speaker 1: Like they brought the they brought pulitzer, pulitzer and hearst

506
00:24:22,640 --> 00:24:24,680
Speaker 1: to their knees, basically, these newsies did.

507
00:24:24,960 --> 00:24:26,480
Speaker 3: And they got some concessions too.

508
00:24:27,240 --> 00:24:27,520
Speaker 4: Yeah.

509
00:24:27,560 --> 00:24:31,359
Speaker 2: And I think the deal was is that mourning subscribers

510
00:24:31,400 --> 00:24:35,560
Speaker 2: were generally subscribers, or the morning paper was generally for subscribers.

511
00:24:35,600 --> 00:24:39,280
Speaker 2: But it was that afternoon paper, that second edition that

512
00:24:39,320 --> 00:24:41,679
Speaker 2: the newsies really raked it in on because most people

513
00:24:41,840 --> 00:24:45,240
Speaker 2: didn't subscribe to that, and so they really weren't selling

514
00:24:45,280 --> 00:24:49,000
Speaker 2: any second editions hardly. And the one big concession they got,

515
00:24:49,480 --> 00:24:52,879
Speaker 2: which was huge was they got them to agree to

516
00:24:53,000 --> 00:24:57,520
Speaker 2: full buybacks on unsold papers, which is a really really

517
00:24:57,520 --> 00:24:58,000
Speaker 2: big deal.

518
00:24:58,280 --> 00:25:00,000
Speaker 1: But it also really kind of goes to show you

519
00:25:00,160 --> 00:25:05,520
Speaker 1: how much the newspaper barons believe Newsy's were scrappy enough

520
00:25:05,520 --> 00:25:07,359
Speaker 1: that they wouldn't just sit around and be like, I

521
00:25:07,400 --> 00:25:09,280
Speaker 1: don't have to sell these, you know, I don't have

522
00:25:09,320 --> 00:25:12,560
Speaker 1: to worry about this. You know, they'll be bought back anyway.

523
00:25:12,680 --> 00:25:14,080
Speaker 1: I don't have to work to sell them.

524
00:25:15,000 --> 00:25:17,159
Speaker 2: Well, but buyback just means they give them back the

525
00:25:17,160 --> 00:25:20,400
Speaker 2: money they paid for them. It's not like they would

526
00:25:20,440 --> 00:25:24,320
Speaker 2: make any money. They would just in fact, it incentivize them,

527
00:25:24,359 --> 00:25:27,200
Speaker 2: I think, to take out more papers. Yeah, and sell

528
00:25:27,200 --> 00:25:28,639
Speaker 2: more papers because any of they wouldn't be.

529
00:25:28,600 --> 00:25:29,120
Speaker 4: Stuck with them.

530
00:25:29,200 --> 00:25:32,160
Speaker 3: Yeah, totally. We'll probably edit that part out.

531
00:25:35,200 --> 00:25:38,560
Speaker 1: So one of the things you mentioned was making cigars

532
00:25:38,680 --> 00:25:42,080
Speaker 1: like in your family's one room apartment in say New.

533
00:25:42,000 --> 00:25:43,120
Speaker 3: York or something like that.

534
00:25:43,200 --> 00:25:49,320
Speaker 1: Right, Yeah, that was apparently really bad in that not

535
00:25:49,359 --> 00:25:52,160
Speaker 1: only did you work long hours for very little pay

536
00:25:52,160 --> 00:25:55,800
Speaker 1: in cramped working conditions with your family, on top of

537
00:25:55,840 --> 00:26:00,000
Speaker 1: everything else, you would frequently come down with nicotine poison.

538
00:26:00,359 --> 00:26:03,320
Speaker 1: As a little kid, because you're rolling cured sometimes you're

539
00:26:03,359 --> 00:26:09,040
Speaker 1: handling uncured tobacco, and you're ingesting lots of nicotine through

540
00:26:09,040 --> 00:26:12,000
Speaker 1: your skin at the like, you know, in a single day,

541
00:26:12,520 --> 00:26:14,879
Speaker 1: and so you might be nauseated, you might be dizzy,

542
00:26:14,960 --> 00:26:18,000
Speaker 1: you might just turn green. It can get worse than

543
00:26:18,040 --> 00:26:20,920
Speaker 1: that too. You actually can suffer respiratory distress as well.

544
00:26:21,440 --> 00:26:24,040
Speaker 1: And apparently this is a big problem still with child

545
00:26:24,119 --> 00:26:28,360
Speaker 1: laborers in Zimbabwe, because I think about twenty years ago

546
00:26:28,440 --> 00:26:31,080
Speaker 1: that country doubled down on their tobacco production and now

547
00:26:31,080 --> 00:26:35,720
Speaker 1: it's like one of the biggest, the biggest exports of Zimbabwe,

548
00:26:36,280 --> 00:26:39,239
Speaker 1: but it's also a very poor country, so they use

549
00:26:39,359 --> 00:26:42,239
Speaker 1: child labor a lot. And so children are still to

550
00:26:42,280 --> 00:26:46,760
Speaker 1: this day being exposed to tobacco and they're rolling, they're

551
00:26:46,760 --> 00:26:51,400
Speaker 1: handling tobacco, they're rolling stuff, they're rolling cigars, they're sorting it.

552
00:26:52,080 --> 00:26:54,439
Speaker 1: They're just the kids in tobacco should not be in

553
00:26:54,480 --> 00:26:55,479
Speaker 1: the same room together.

554
00:26:55,600 --> 00:26:56,119
Speaker 3: Basically.

555
00:26:57,280 --> 00:26:59,879
Speaker 2: Yeah, you know, it never occurred to me that that,

556
00:27:00,760 --> 00:27:03,880
Speaker 2: I guess it would be a transdermal ingestion, right.

557
00:27:03,760 --> 00:27:06,359
Speaker 3: Yeah, totally, but sure.

558
00:27:06,520 --> 00:27:08,480
Speaker 2: I mean, you put tobacco on bee stings and all

559
00:27:08,520 --> 00:27:09,960
Speaker 2: kinds of things, so of course it's going to get

560
00:27:09,960 --> 00:27:10,440
Speaker 2: into their skin.

561
00:27:10,640 --> 00:27:13,760
Speaker 1: Yeah, And having gotten myself sick on tobacco a time

562
00:27:13,880 --> 00:27:15,720
Speaker 1: or two in my life, I can tell you it

563
00:27:15,760 --> 00:27:18,359
Speaker 1: is not pleasant. And to do it against your will

564
00:27:18,480 --> 00:27:21,960
Speaker 1: just because you're handling it for your job that you

565
00:27:21,960 --> 00:27:24,440
Speaker 1: don't even want, is that sounds torturous?

566
00:27:24,480 --> 00:27:24,880
Speaker 3: Actually?

567
00:27:25,640 --> 00:27:31,159
Speaker 2: Yeah, I love that story. Should you retell it for

568
00:27:31,160 --> 00:27:32,000
Speaker 2: people haven't heard it?

569
00:27:32,320 --> 00:27:34,280
Speaker 3: Are you talking about eighth grade? In the tree fort?

570
00:27:35,119 --> 00:27:36,399
Speaker 4: Is that when you'd like smoke a whole pack of

571
00:27:36,440 --> 00:27:37,240
Speaker 4: cigarettes and got sick?

572
00:27:37,359 --> 00:27:38,639
Speaker 3: It was more like a pack and a half.

573
00:27:39,200 --> 00:27:43,639
Speaker 1: Okay, it was right after I first started smoking, and

574
00:27:43,720 --> 00:27:47,000
Speaker 1: I was like, I was like, I really like how

575
00:27:47,040 --> 00:27:49,239
Speaker 1: this makes me feel. Let's see how like thirty of

576
00:27:49,240 --> 00:27:52,080
Speaker 1: these things make me feel. And I was seeing reading

577
00:27:52,280 --> 00:27:54,760
Speaker 1: comic books up in the tree fort in the woods

578
00:27:54,880 --> 00:27:58,520
Speaker 1: that my friends and I had built, and I just

579
00:27:58,560 --> 00:27:59,200
Speaker 1: went too far.

580
00:27:59,400 --> 00:28:00,840
Speaker 3: Man. I felt so.

581
00:28:01,080 --> 00:28:05,240
Speaker 1: Bad, oh man, like green, Like I felt like I

582
00:28:05,280 --> 00:28:06,000
Speaker 1: looked green.

583
00:28:06,119 --> 00:28:08,080
Speaker 3: It was. It was bad news.

584
00:28:08,400 --> 00:28:10,480
Speaker 2: That's one of those moments where you like, you really

585
00:28:10,520 --> 00:28:13,679
Speaker 2: wish you could have like video footage.

586
00:28:13,480 --> 00:28:16,680
Speaker 3: Kind of what I kind of hope.

587
00:28:16,520 --> 00:28:18,760
Speaker 1: When when I die. It's a little bit like defending

588
00:28:18,800 --> 00:28:20,720
Speaker 1: your life so they could. I'll be like, show me

589
00:28:20,760 --> 00:28:21,080
Speaker 1: that one.

590
00:28:21,240 --> 00:28:23,160
Speaker 3: We can go over the other stuff. I really want

591
00:28:23,200 --> 00:28:23,960
Speaker 3: to see that clip.

592
00:28:24,280 --> 00:28:25,480
Speaker 4: Yeah, rip torn will be there.

593
00:28:25,560 --> 00:28:26,320
Speaker 3: Yeah.

594
00:28:26,400 --> 00:28:29,440
Speaker 1: The upside of this, though, is do not ever start smoking.

595
00:28:29,520 --> 00:28:33,200
Speaker 1: I deeply regret ever having started smoking as a kid.

596
00:28:33,320 --> 00:28:36,120
Speaker 1: As an adult, it doesn't matter, Like, just don't ever

597
00:28:36,200 --> 00:28:38,200
Speaker 1: start smoking and do yourself a real favor.

598
00:28:38,760 --> 00:28:40,960
Speaker 2: You did a great job quitting, though, and you never

599
00:28:41,000 --> 00:28:43,240
Speaker 2: look back. Nope, I didn't good job.

600
00:28:43,280 --> 00:28:43,600
Speaker 3: It was.

601
00:28:43,720 --> 00:28:48,560
Speaker 1: It was surprisingly easy because I was ing on one

602
00:28:48,600 --> 00:28:50,640
Speaker 1: more thing. I think if there are people out there

603
00:28:50,640 --> 00:28:52,600
Speaker 1: who are considering smoking right now and are worried about

604
00:28:52,640 --> 00:28:54,680
Speaker 1: the time they're going to have, one of my big

605
00:28:54,680 --> 00:28:57,000
Speaker 1: worries was that I was going to spend every day

606
00:28:57,040 --> 00:28:59,520
Speaker 1: of the rest of my life wishing for a cigarette.

607
00:28:59,840 --> 00:29:02,000
Speaker 3: And that's just not how it goes. Like.

608
00:29:02,040 --> 00:29:05,120
Speaker 1: You spend a week, two weeks, if it's really bad,

609
00:29:05,160 --> 00:29:07,959
Speaker 1: maybe three weeks really longing for a cigarette, and then

610
00:29:07,960 --> 00:29:10,480
Speaker 1: it starts to get easier and easier, and then eventually

611
00:29:10,480 --> 00:29:13,200
Speaker 1: you're grossed out by the thought of cigarettes and people

612
00:29:13,240 --> 00:29:15,880
Speaker 1: smoking cigarettes around you, and you don't ever want to

613
00:29:15,920 --> 00:29:18,600
Speaker 1: see one again. So if that's what's keeping you from quitting,

614
00:29:18,840 --> 00:29:20,320
Speaker 1: don't let it, because that's not.

615
00:29:20,200 --> 00:29:24,160
Speaker 3: How it is. I like that. Good PSA, thanks man, Thanks.

616
00:29:24,800 --> 00:29:26,720
Speaker 2: I think before we break, maybe we'll just go over

617
00:29:26,800 --> 00:29:31,640
Speaker 2: some of these final stats here at the basically the peak,

618
00:29:31,800 --> 00:29:36,600
Speaker 2: and then about nineteen hundred, By eighteen ninety one out

619
00:29:36,600 --> 00:29:41,200
Speaker 2: of every five kids under sixteen was working. One point

620
00:29:41,240 --> 00:29:46,200
Speaker 2: seven million kids under sixteen was six percent of the

621
00:29:46,240 --> 00:29:50,520
Speaker 2: total workforce in the nineteen hundred census. And that's just

622
00:29:51,480 --> 00:29:54,560
Speaker 2: kids who were registered to work in these factories like

623
00:29:54,600 --> 00:29:57,520
Speaker 2: that does not include these kids rolling cigars in their

624
00:29:57,520 --> 00:29:59,120
Speaker 2: house or the kids on the family farm.

625
00:29:59,280 --> 00:30:01,120
Speaker 4: So it was much much higher than that.

626
00:30:01,440 --> 00:30:05,400
Speaker 1: Yeah, because I think two thirds of kids in general

627
00:30:05,600 --> 00:30:09,000
Speaker 1: in the country worked in agriculture. So yeah, if they

628
00:30:09,040 --> 00:30:11,600
Speaker 1: were not counting agriculture, they missed out on a lot

629
00:30:11,600 --> 00:30:14,200
Speaker 1: of kids in that number. And that's still a staggering

630
00:30:14,280 --> 00:30:16,480
Speaker 1: number in and of itself, one point seven million.

631
00:30:17,440 --> 00:30:17,640
Speaker 4: Yeah.

632
00:30:17,640 --> 00:30:19,600
Speaker 2: And if you're wondering back then, what affect this had

633
00:30:19,640 --> 00:30:23,880
Speaker 2: on education, Just a snapshot from Philadelphia in nineteen hundred,

634
00:30:24,640 --> 00:30:28,360
Speaker 2: fifteen percent of thirteen year old boys had left school

635
00:30:28,520 --> 00:30:32,680
Speaker 2: to work. And I think half of fifteen year old

636
00:30:32,680 --> 00:30:35,440
Speaker 2: boys were not in school anymore because they were working.

637
00:30:35,760 --> 00:30:39,400
Speaker 3: Or like a significant portion because they were naughty.

638
00:30:39,920 --> 00:30:41,840
Speaker 4: Right, yeah, they just didn't want to do anything.

639
00:30:41,880 --> 00:30:43,920
Speaker 1: But get this, this is the staggering one to me.

640
00:30:44,920 --> 00:30:47,800
Speaker 1: Seventeen year old boys, only ten percent of them were

641
00:30:47,880 --> 00:30:51,240
Speaker 1: still in school in nineteen hundred in Philadelphia. That is,

642
00:30:51,400 --> 00:30:57,000
Speaker 1: that does not bode well for the future of an economy.

643
00:30:57,440 --> 00:31:00,160
Speaker 1: And I think that actually is one reason why like

644
00:31:00,320 --> 00:31:03,240
Speaker 1: education became so much more compulsory, and one reason why

645
00:31:03,360 --> 00:31:06,720
Speaker 1: people came around to anti child labor laws is the

646
00:31:06,800 --> 00:31:09,840
Speaker 1: idea that no, there's a lot more that they could

647
00:31:09,840 --> 00:31:12,880
Speaker 1: be doing than just working in a factory, almost literally

648
00:31:12,960 --> 00:31:15,320
Speaker 1: their entire lives. Like, we can do we can do better,

649
00:31:15,400 --> 00:31:18,080
Speaker 1: and we can build a better society and a better

650
00:31:18,160 --> 00:31:21,240
Speaker 1: economy if we invest in their education instead of robbing

651
00:31:21,280 --> 00:31:21,680
Speaker 1: them of it.

652
00:31:22,720 --> 00:31:24,520
Speaker 2: All right, I guess we'll take a break and talk

653
00:31:24,520 --> 00:31:27,280
Speaker 2: about when that started in earnest And it wasn't just

654
00:31:27,360 --> 00:31:28,280
Speaker 2: then when you mentioned it.

655
00:31:53,800 --> 00:31:58,920
Speaker 1: So, Chuck, it turns out that there were so the

656
00:31:59,000 --> 00:32:01,480
Speaker 1: progressive eras one of my favorite errors, or I should

657
00:32:01,480 --> 00:32:03,440
Speaker 1: say the people from the Progressive era are some of

658
00:32:03,480 --> 00:32:06,280
Speaker 1: my favorite people like Francis Perkins, although she was a

659
00:32:06,480 --> 00:32:09,320
Speaker 1: second or third wave progressive reformer, but she was inspired

660
00:32:09,320 --> 00:32:11,880
Speaker 1: by some of these earlier ones who were working on

661
00:32:12,120 --> 00:32:17,560
Speaker 1: things like fair wages like a minimum wage minimum or

662
00:32:17,720 --> 00:32:22,640
Speaker 1: maximum work days or working hours. And then they also

663
00:32:22,760 --> 00:32:25,600
Speaker 1: train their sights on things like ending child labor or

664
00:32:25,640 --> 00:32:29,920
Speaker 1: at the very least really restricting the amount of work

665
00:32:29,960 --> 00:32:33,840
Speaker 1: a kid could do, especially in regards to them being

666
00:32:33,920 --> 00:32:36,800
Speaker 1: in school too. The idea was to put school first,

667
00:32:37,480 --> 00:32:39,920
Speaker 1: and then if the kid had the wherewithal or their

668
00:32:39,960 --> 00:32:42,120
Speaker 1: parents really needed the money or something like that, they

669
00:32:42,200 --> 00:32:45,240
Speaker 1: could let them work in addition to school, but the

670
00:32:45,320 --> 00:32:46,720
Speaker 1: school needed to come first.

671
00:32:47,080 --> 00:32:50,320
Speaker 3: And this is really radical. I mean it seems radical.

672
00:32:50,360 --> 00:32:53,480
Speaker 1: We had kids rolling cigars in their one room apartment

673
00:32:53,560 --> 00:32:56,200
Speaker 1: in New York their whole lives, and now all of

674
00:32:56,200 --> 00:32:58,240
Speaker 1: a sudden, some people are coming up and be like, no, no, no,

675
00:32:58,520 --> 00:33:02,160
Speaker 1: kids should be in school and then preferably not working.

676
00:33:02,280 --> 00:33:03,560
Speaker 3: So how do we make that happen?

677
00:33:04,680 --> 00:33:05,840
Speaker 4: Yeah, it was a very big deal.

678
00:33:05,920 --> 00:33:08,360
Speaker 2: And most of these are a lot of them were women,

679
00:33:08,520 --> 00:33:12,760
Speaker 2: people like Jane Adams and Julia Lathrop and Lillian Ward

680
00:33:14,160 --> 00:33:17,720
Speaker 2: anti poverty measures and this is stuff that you know.

681
00:33:17,920 --> 00:33:21,440
Speaker 2: They would also go on to champion uh women's rights

682
00:33:21,480 --> 00:33:24,520
Speaker 2: and women's rights in the workforce and women's rights to vote.

683
00:33:25,040 --> 00:33:26,480
Speaker 4: So it was the whole progressive moment was.

684
00:33:26,520 --> 00:33:28,800
Speaker 2: Kind of tied up in all these you know, radical

685
00:33:28,840 --> 00:33:32,240
Speaker 2: ideas about you know, being fair and good, decent human beings.

686
00:33:32,520 --> 00:33:39,320
Speaker 2: Right yeah, so, uh, here's the problem is, you've got

687
00:33:39,440 --> 00:33:41,880
Speaker 2: these robber barons and these factory owners and then these

688
00:33:41,920 --> 00:33:44,840
Speaker 2: industrialists who are like, wait a minute, we got a

689
00:33:44,880 --> 00:33:46,760
Speaker 2: good deal going. Because we don't have to pay these

690
00:33:46,840 --> 00:33:49,760
Speaker 2: kids much, they're probably not going to unionize. Like the

691
00:33:49,840 --> 00:33:54,040
Speaker 2: Newsy's thing was definitely an anomaly. Yeah, that didn't happen much.

692
00:33:54,760 --> 00:33:57,560
Speaker 2: And he said, they were like, we got a we

693
00:33:57,680 --> 00:33:59,840
Speaker 2: got a good thing going, and uh so we're gonna

694
00:33:59,880 --> 00:34:01,360
Speaker 2: lie be against this as hard as we can.

695
00:34:01,520 --> 00:34:04,160
Speaker 3: But surely they were unsuccessful, right.

696
00:34:04,960 --> 00:34:07,440
Speaker 4: No, they were successful. They did.

697
00:34:07,480 --> 00:34:10,200
Speaker 2: They blocked a logic of legislation early on for this

698
00:34:10,320 --> 00:34:14,759
Speaker 2: kind of regulation federally states. You know, it kind of

699
00:34:14,760 --> 00:34:17,919
Speaker 2: depends on where it was, but states did establish child

700
00:34:18,000 --> 00:34:23,080
Speaker 2: labor commissions and some states had some minimum ages, minimum

701
00:34:23,160 --> 00:34:25,320
Speaker 2: or maximum hours and minimum wages.

702
00:34:25,600 --> 00:34:27,000
Speaker 3: It was they were sparse.

703
00:34:27,080 --> 00:34:30,440
Speaker 1: I couldn't find what states passed it, but for the

704
00:34:30,520 --> 00:34:34,000
Speaker 1: most part that there was a probably for the most

705
00:34:34,040 --> 00:34:37,000
Speaker 1: part though, there was a lot of pushback, and enough

706
00:34:37,080 --> 00:34:41,400
Speaker 1: pushback among the states the residents of the states that

707
00:34:42,120 --> 00:34:45,360
Speaker 1: not a lot got passed. So there was a progressive

708
00:34:45,440 --> 00:34:50,120
Speaker 1: movement that started saying like the eighteen nineties, and it

709
00:34:50,360 --> 00:34:54,000
Speaker 1: had to it basically like any progressive movement, it ran

710
00:34:54,080 --> 00:34:57,040
Speaker 1: full steam ahead, hit a huge wall of industry and

711
00:34:57,200 --> 00:34:59,560
Speaker 1: then had to slowly just keep pushing and pushing and

712
00:34:59,640 --> 00:35:01,520
Speaker 1: chugging and chugging and keeping at it for a.

713
00:35:01,560 --> 00:35:03,400
Speaker 3: Few decades before it was successful.

714
00:35:04,239 --> 00:35:06,239
Speaker 1: And one of the ways that it became successful, or

715
00:35:06,320 --> 00:35:08,000
Speaker 1: the way that it kept pushing at it after it

716
00:35:08,080 --> 00:35:11,520
Speaker 1: hit that wall of industry is a group called the

717
00:35:11,600 --> 00:35:15,200
Speaker 1: National Child Labor Committee formed and I think they formed

718
00:35:15,280 --> 00:35:18,240
Speaker 1: in back in nineteen oh four, and they were basically

719
00:35:18,719 --> 00:35:21,560
Speaker 1: they became a lobbying group to lobby against the lobbying

720
00:35:21,680 --> 00:35:25,800
Speaker 1: against child labor laws that ended child labor.

721
00:35:26,440 --> 00:35:27,560
Speaker 4: Yeah. Yeah.

722
00:35:27,560 --> 00:35:30,560
Speaker 2: They had a pretty smart way to get attention, and

723
00:35:31,200 --> 00:35:33,839
Speaker 2: that was in hiring a photographer named Lewis Hine, Yeah,

724
00:35:34,440 --> 00:35:38,040
Speaker 2: to go around and sneakily document what was going on

725
00:35:38,200 --> 00:35:41,320
Speaker 2: with his camera. He worked as a sociologist and a

726
00:35:41,360 --> 00:35:44,680
Speaker 2: teacher and then later became a photographer. Was also a

727
00:35:44,719 --> 00:35:50,120
Speaker 2: photographer and I think he himself was a kid who

728
00:35:50,320 --> 00:35:52,920
Speaker 2: was working twelve thirteen hour days, so he was like,

729
00:35:53,080 --> 00:35:55,680
Speaker 2: let me start taking pictures of these kids and maybe

730
00:35:55,800 --> 00:35:58,240
Speaker 2: that because you know, that's worth a thousand words, they say.

731
00:35:58,280 --> 00:36:03,120
Speaker 1: At least five thousand. Yeah, so that means that he

732
00:36:03,280 --> 00:36:04,840
Speaker 1: took fifty thousand words.

733
00:36:06,719 --> 00:36:11,680
Speaker 3: No, five five thousand, him just getting five hundred. No,

734
00:36:11,840 --> 00:36:16,440
Speaker 3: I know that was totally wrong. It was purposefully wrong. Though.

735
00:36:16,520 --> 00:36:19,239
Speaker 1: Let me just do that real quick, dude, to do

736
00:36:19,520 --> 00:36:24,680
Speaker 1: carry the one. He took five million words. That's a

737
00:36:24,719 --> 00:36:27,240
Speaker 1: lot of words. And if you go back, you've probably

738
00:36:27,239 --> 00:36:30,280
Speaker 1: seen a bunch of these pictures. If you've seen pictures

739
00:36:30,440 --> 00:36:31,680
Speaker 1: of very.

740
00:36:31,640 --> 00:36:34,560
Speaker 2: Unhappy kids outside of a coal mine, or standing on

741
00:36:34,640 --> 00:36:39,720
Speaker 2: the mountains of shucked oysters, or standing around factory machines

742
00:36:39,800 --> 00:36:43,120
Speaker 2: like little men. Sure adults, they were probably Lewis Hines photos.

743
00:36:43,239 --> 00:36:46,000
Speaker 1: Yeah, I mean five thousand photos, all archived in the

744
00:36:46,080 --> 00:36:50,080
Speaker 1: Library of Congress from what I understand. And he had

745
00:36:50,160 --> 00:36:52,600
Speaker 1: like a really great eye to begin with me, Like,

746
00:36:52,640 --> 00:36:55,800
Speaker 1: they're really great photographs in and of themselves. But you know,

747
00:36:56,280 --> 00:36:58,279
Speaker 1: you don't have to sit there and like, you know,

748
00:36:59,120 --> 00:37:02,520
Speaker 1: try to really contemplated. It just hits you immediately. What

749
00:37:02,600 --> 00:37:04,960
Speaker 1: you're looking at, and how sad what you're looking at is.

750
00:37:05,600 --> 00:37:08,480
Speaker 1: And so he and the National Child Labor Committee got

751
00:37:08,520 --> 00:37:13,120
Speaker 1: these into newspapers. And like you said, he was very sneaky.

752
00:37:13,360 --> 00:37:17,160
Speaker 1: He would poses different things. One of them made sense

753
00:37:17,200 --> 00:37:21,960
Speaker 1: to me. The industrial machinery photographer. Okay, yeah, got that.

754
00:37:22,640 --> 00:37:27,000
Speaker 1: But what excuse would a Bible salesman have for taking

755
00:37:27,160 --> 00:37:29,960
Speaker 1: photographs of the kids at the factory?

756
00:37:30,160 --> 00:37:31,279
Speaker 3: I could not find that.

757
00:37:31,440 --> 00:37:32,439
Speaker 4: Don't save my life.

758
00:37:33,120 --> 00:37:34,840
Speaker 2: I mean, the only thing I could think is that

759
00:37:34,920 --> 00:37:37,920
Speaker 2: got him in the door. And then maybe he was like,

760
00:37:38,120 --> 00:37:40,640
Speaker 2: and I just love kids, and can I take some pictures?

761
00:37:40,680 --> 00:37:41,320
Speaker 4: But I don't know.

762
00:37:41,600 --> 00:37:43,719
Speaker 1: And this is a time before stranger danger, I guess.

763
00:37:43,800 --> 00:37:46,320
Speaker 1: So they were like, sure, right, I mean they're child laborers.

764
00:37:46,320 --> 00:37:47,200
Speaker 3: I don't care about them.

765
00:37:47,760 --> 00:37:47,960
Speaker 4: Yeah.

766
00:37:48,040 --> 00:37:52,200
Speaker 2: He also he wore a special jacket where he had

767
00:37:52,280 --> 00:37:55,600
Speaker 2: the buttons on the jacket aligned in known measurements. So

768
00:37:56,400 --> 00:37:58,200
Speaker 2: if he went over and stood like he would take

769
00:37:58,239 --> 00:38:00,359
Speaker 2: a kid's picture, and he would ask, you know, they're

770
00:38:00,400 --> 00:38:03,359
Speaker 2: documented like their names and their ages and stuff as

771
00:38:03,440 --> 00:38:06,120
Speaker 2: best he could, but he would go stand next to

772
00:38:06,200 --> 00:38:08,360
Speaker 2: them if he felt like he couldn't outright ask what

773
00:38:08,440 --> 00:38:10,919
Speaker 2: their age was to kind of tip off that maybe

774
00:38:11,160 --> 00:38:14,239
Speaker 2: he was not a Bible salesman, right, And you know,

775
00:38:14,320 --> 00:38:16,120
Speaker 2: if the kid went up to the second or third button,

776
00:38:16,239 --> 00:38:19,040
Speaker 2: he would know roughly how tall they were, or no,

777
00:38:19,080 --> 00:38:21,520
Speaker 2: he would know how tall they were, then roughly how

778
00:38:21,600 --> 00:38:22,040
Speaker 2: old they were.

779
00:38:22,760 --> 00:38:23,600
Speaker 3: The other things were.

780
00:38:23,760 --> 00:38:26,799
Speaker 1: Giants, right right, Yeah, I'm sure you know he didn't

781
00:38:26,840 --> 00:38:29,440
Speaker 1: get them all right, but you know you can't win

782
00:38:29,520 --> 00:38:33,520
Speaker 1: them all. But the other thing that made that jacket special, Chuck,

783
00:38:33,640 --> 00:38:35,800
Speaker 1: was that the lining was made of a T shirt

784
00:38:35,880 --> 00:38:37,640
Speaker 1: of a ripped chest and abdomen.

785
00:38:37,960 --> 00:38:40,400
Speaker 3: And it would make him feel really good about himself

786
00:38:40,719 --> 00:38:42,200
Speaker 3: when he put that jacket on.

787
00:38:44,200 --> 00:38:45,560
Speaker 4: That's good, let's call it that.

788
00:38:47,360 --> 00:38:51,920
Speaker 1: When did things finally change, though, well, they started to

789
00:38:52,000 --> 00:38:54,920
Speaker 1: kind of change like these These pictures shocked the conscience

790
00:38:54,960 --> 00:38:56,680
Speaker 1: of the nation when they when they saw them, when

791
00:38:56,680 --> 00:38:58,880
Speaker 1: they made them into newspapers, and they were accompanied by

792
00:38:58,960 --> 00:39:01,920
Speaker 1: Muckray getting article about how bad these conditions were. And

793
00:39:02,320 --> 00:39:04,520
Speaker 1: you know, shame on you, America for turning a blind

794
00:39:04,560 --> 00:39:07,480
Speaker 1: eye to this kind of thing. But it wasn't like

795
00:39:07,560 --> 00:39:11,000
Speaker 1: an instantaneous switch was thrown. It still took decades. I

796
00:39:11,080 --> 00:39:17,200
Speaker 1: think the first proposal for anti child labor legislation came

797
00:39:17,239 --> 00:39:23,120
Speaker 1: in nineteen oh six. Senator Albert Beveridge of Indiana was

798
00:39:23,200 --> 00:39:25,960
Speaker 1: the first to propose. It got taken up in nineteen

799
00:39:26,040 --> 00:39:28,719
Speaker 1: sixteen by the Keeting Act that was actually passed, but

800
00:39:28,840 --> 00:39:32,320
Speaker 1: the Supreme Court shut it down, and then there was

801
00:39:32,400 --> 00:39:36,240
Speaker 1: some more legislation that there was a constitutional amendment actually

802
00:39:36,560 --> 00:39:39,120
Speaker 1: that got passed but wasn't ratified by the States, and

803
00:39:39,200 --> 00:39:42,000
Speaker 1: then it wasn't until the Great Depression and the New

804
00:39:42,120 --> 00:39:44,480
Speaker 1: Deal that it finally got passed. And I think if

805
00:39:44,520 --> 00:39:47,280
Speaker 1: it were just the New Deal, it wouldn't have gotten passed.

806
00:39:47,680 --> 00:39:51,880
Speaker 1: But the Great Depression changed things socially enough that it

807
00:39:52,040 --> 00:39:55,600
Speaker 1: opened the door for an end to child labor in America.

808
00:39:56,320 --> 00:40:00,560
Speaker 2: Yeah, Like, ironically, I think massive unemployment with so many

809
00:40:00,600 --> 00:40:02,800
Speaker 2: adults out of work, they couldn't turn around and just

810
00:40:02,880 --> 00:40:06,160
Speaker 2: hire kids to do these jobs for lower wages. It

811
00:40:06,320 --> 00:40:09,520
Speaker 2: was I mean, even at a time when a bad

812
00:40:09,600 --> 00:40:12,600
Speaker 2: look didn't really matter as much as it does today,

813
00:40:13,600 --> 00:40:15,799
Speaker 2: they even knew that that was a really bad look

814
00:40:16,640 --> 00:40:18,600
Speaker 2: and that they probably couldn't do something like that. So

815
00:40:19,960 --> 00:40:24,000
Speaker 2: eventually the Fair Labor Standards Act of nineteen thirty eight.

816
00:40:24,960 --> 00:40:28,320
Speaker 2: Thank you Francis Perkins or old Buddy that's right. Among others,

817
00:40:29,360 --> 00:40:32,799
Speaker 2: this finally set a national minimum wage for the very

818
00:40:32,880 --> 00:40:37,040
Speaker 2: first time, maximum number of hours for workers, and then

819
00:40:37,960 --> 00:40:42,240
Speaker 2: child labor limitations, notably that if you are under sixteen,

820
00:40:42,400 --> 00:40:45,880
Speaker 2: you cannot work in manufacturing, and you cannot work in

821
00:40:46,000 --> 00:40:49,120
Speaker 2: coal mining at all because they're just too dangerous. Another

822
00:40:49,160 --> 00:40:52,480
Speaker 2: couple of things it did. It established over time time

823
00:40:52,560 --> 00:40:55,200
Speaker 2: and a half. Oh yeah, so if you went over

824
00:40:55,320 --> 00:40:57,440
Speaker 2: forty hours a week, you could only work up to

825
00:40:57,560 --> 00:40:59,920
Speaker 2: forty four, but you could work four hours at time

826
00:41:00,120 --> 00:41:03,840
Speaker 2: and a half. And that very first minimum wage was

827
00:41:03,920 --> 00:41:07,680
Speaker 2: twenty five cents an hour man nineteen thirty nine, I

828
00:41:07,719 --> 00:41:09,400
Speaker 2: went up to thirty forty five, It went up to

829
00:41:09,480 --> 00:41:13,800
Speaker 2: forty in nineteen fifty six. It finally reached a dollar

830
00:41:14,719 --> 00:41:18,880
Speaker 2: kaching and it didn't crack six dollars until two thousand

831
00:41:18,880 --> 00:41:19,200
Speaker 2: and eight.

832
00:41:19,800 --> 00:41:23,360
Speaker 1: I know, dude, it's just shameful, isn't that nuts? We

833
00:41:23,560 --> 00:41:26,600
Speaker 1: definitely need to do a minimum wage episode two because

834
00:41:26,640 --> 00:41:29,320
Speaker 1: it's just not as cut and dried as Yeah, just

835
00:41:29,480 --> 00:41:33,400
Speaker 1: raise a minimum wage, like there's just like there's a lot.

836
00:41:33,360 --> 00:41:35,000
Speaker 3: To it, and I really want to do one on that.

837
00:41:35,400 --> 00:41:38,000
Speaker 2: Yeah, I hadn't really kept up with it because I

838
00:41:38,440 --> 00:41:41,440
Speaker 2: before I got salary jobs. I worked as a waiter

839
00:41:41,640 --> 00:41:46,040
Speaker 2: for fifteen or twenty years or something, or as a

840
00:41:46,120 --> 00:41:49,840
Speaker 2: PA on movie sets and TV sets, and that's not

841
00:41:50,000 --> 00:41:52,680
Speaker 2: an hourly thing either. So like I hadn't had an

842
00:41:52,760 --> 00:41:56,640
Speaker 2: hourly rate job since college, so I didn't really know,

843
00:41:57,000 --> 00:41:58,680
Speaker 2: you know, kind of how it changed over the years.

844
00:41:58,719 --> 00:42:00,920
Speaker 4: I did not know. It was two thousand and eight

845
00:42:00,960 --> 00:42:03,759
Speaker 4: when they cracked six dollars. That's really low, it really is.

846
00:42:04,000 --> 00:42:07,319
Speaker 1: It's very it's just not okay. And it's still at

847
00:42:07,400 --> 00:42:11,319
Speaker 1: seven something right now it's seventy five. No, it's seven

848
00:42:11,360 --> 00:42:12,799
Speaker 1: to twenty five, actually.

849
00:42:13,160 --> 00:42:13,480
Speaker 3: I think it.

850
00:42:13,680 --> 00:42:16,120
Speaker 4: Yeah, that's the national minimum wage, right.

851
00:42:16,560 --> 00:42:19,440
Speaker 1: Yeah, again, some of the states are are raising stuff

852
00:42:19,760 --> 00:42:21,839
Speaker 1: slowly but surely, but that's the federal one.

853
00:42:21,920 --> 00:42:22,160
Speaker 3: Still.

854
00:42:22,520 --> 00:42:24,719
Speaker 4: Well, this is Alabama doesn't have a minimum wage, is

855
00:42:24,760 --> 00:42:26,240
Speaker 4: that right? Is that possible?

856
00:42:27,160 --> 00:42:28,479
Speaker 3: Yeah, that's possible, man.

857
00:42:29,640 --> 00:42:31,160
Speaker 4: You have to look into that. That's on the fly.

858
00:42:32,480 --> 00:42:33,600
Speaker 3: So yeah, we'll do a.

859
00:42:33,600 --> 00:42:36,800
Speaker 1: Whole one on minimum wage for sure coming up. But

860
00:42:37,840 --> 00:42:43,320
Speaker 1: you said that The Fair Labor Standards Act was passed

861
00:42:43,360 --> 00:42:48,280
Speaker 1: in nineteen thirty eight, and it's still basically governs child labor.

862
00:42:49,320 --> 00:42:51,080
Speaker 1: And one of the things that it does, Chuck is

863
00:42:51,120 --> 00:42:56,600
Speaker 1: it divides child labor into agricultural and non agricultural jobs.

864
00:42:57,120 --> 00:43:00,520
Speaker 1: And with agriculture or non agricultural jobs, there's like a

865
00:43:00,760 --> 00:43:04,160
Speaker 1: pretty decent amount of protections, like kids can't work in

866
00:43:04,280 --> 00:43:09,919
Speaker 1: hazardous stuff until they're eighteen, things like blasting, mining, forest firefighting,

867
00:43:10,320 --> 00:43:14,400
Speaker 1: that kind of stuff that if you're under sixteen, you

868
00:43:14,480 --> 00:43:17,000
Speaker 1: can only work a maximum of three hours a day

869
00:43:17,080 --> 00:43:18,040
Speaker 1: during the school year.

870
00:43:19,760 --> 00:43:22,319
Speaker 3: There's some exemptions. Did you see the thing about home

871
00:43:22,360 --> 00:43:23,279
Speaker 3: based wreathmaking.

872
00:43:24,000 --> 00:43:27,160
Speaker 2: Yeah, so you cannot non agriculturally, you cannot work if

873
00:43:27,200 --> 00:43:29,040
Speaker 2: you're under fourteen at all. Like I could not have

874
00:43:29,120 --> 00:43:33,040
Speaker 2: worked as a bus boy at thirteen, supposedly, but I

875
00:43:33,160 --> 00:43:37,200
Speaker 2: still did unless that was passed since then, because this

876
00:43:37,239 --> 00:43:41,120
Speaker 2: thing's been ratified a million times or not ratified but amended.

877
00:43:42,080 --> 00:43:44,879
Speaker 2: But yeah, if you're a child actor, you can work

878
00:43:44,880 --> 00:43:48,080
Speaker 2: if you're under fourteen, obviously. If you're a newsy you

879
00:43:48,120 --> 00:43:50,320
Speaker 2: can still deliver newspapers if you're under fourteen.

880
00:43:50,960 --> 00:43:53,680
Speaker 4: And home based wreathmaker.

881
00:43:53,520 --> 00:43:56,200
Speaker 3: Dude, it so weird. It is weird.

882
00:43:56,239 --> 00:43:59,280
Speaker 1: And not only is it, home based wreathmaking is exempted

883
00:43:59,320 --> 00:44:02,000
Speaker 1: from childlabor laws in the United States. It has to

884
00:44:02,080 --> 00:44:04,320
Speaker 1: be a specific kind of reath that has to be

885
00:44:04,520 --> 00:44:09,000
Speaker 1: mostly evergreen wreaths. Wow, So if you're making wreaths and

886
00:44:09,080 --> 00:44:11,040
Speaker 1: it has to be at home, if you're having your

887
00:44:11,120 --> 00:44:14,960
Speaker 1: kid make reads at home and they're not mostly evergreen,

888
00:44:15,440 --> 00:44:18,960
Speaker 1: that's illegal. And if they're making things out of evergreen

889
00:44:19,000 --> 00:44:23,240
Speaker 1: that are not wreaths, like say garland, that's illegal, specifically

890
00:44:24,480 --> 00:44:27,160
Speaker 1: homemade wreaths that are mostly evergreen.

891
00:44:27,560 --> 00:44:28,880
Speaker 4: It's really really interesting.

892
00:44:29,120 --> 00:44:31,200
Speaker 1: It's one of the most bizarre facts we've ever talked

893
00:44:31,239 --> 00:44:32,240
Speaker 1: about on this episode.

894
00:44:32,320 --> 00:44:34,239
Speaker 4: Yeah show, Yeah, for sure, to keep that one in

895
00:44:34,320 --> 00:44:35,920
Speaker 4: my pocket totally.

896
00:44:36,360 --> 00:44:40,680
Speaker 1: But agricultural though, they have like very little protection, like

897
00:44:40,760 --> 00:44:42,719
Speaker 1: almost shamefully little protections.

898
00:44:43,200 --> 00:44:45,640
Speaker 2: Yeah, if you're sixteen years old and you live on

899
00:44:45,719 --> 00:44:49,399
Speaker 2: your family farm, they can work you. There's no living

900
00:44:49,440 --> 00:44:51,680
Speaker 2: on how many hours they can work you. You can

901
00:44:51,760 --> 00:44:55,200
Speaker 2: work jobs that the Department of Labor considers hazardous. I

902
00:44:55,280 --> 00:44:58,520
Speaker 2: think fourteen year olds also can work unlimited hours if

903
00:44:58,560 --> 00:45:01,480
Speaker 2: it's outside the school day, and then the kids as

904
00:45:01,520 --> 00:45:05,920
Speaker 2: young as twelve I think actually twelve and younger can

905
00:45:06,040 --> 00:45:07,360
Speaker 2: work with parental consent.

906
00:45:08,640 --> 00:45:08,839
Speaker 3: Yeah.

907
00:45:09,960 --> 00:45:13,640
Speaker 1: Yeah, basically unlimited hours or at least up to seventy

908
00:45:13,719 --> 00:45:15,960
Speaker 1: two hours, and that's during the school year as well.

909
00:45:16,640 --> 00:45:19,239
Speaker 2: And as a result of this, fifty five percent of

910
00:45:19,360 --> 00:45:23,800
Speaker 2: child farm workers graduate from high school here in you know,

911
00:45:24,719 --> 00:45:26,399
Speaker 2: the twenty ish.

912
00:45:26,960 --> 00:45:28,800
Speaker 3: Yeah, in the United States we're talking about, and the

913
00:45:28,800 --> 00:45:30,879
Speaker 3: one hundred thousand of them are injured on the job

914
00:45:31,000 --> 00:45:33,360
Speaker 3: every year, child farm laborers.

915
00:45:33,719 --> 00:45:35,400
Speaker 4: Yeah, and a lot of trying to get all this changed.

916
00:45:35,920 --> 00:45:38,600
Speaker 1: Yeah, they're basically saying, like, look, just take these things

917
00:45:38,640 --> 00:45:41,279
Speaker 1: that we apply to non agricultural jobs and apply it

918
00:45:41,320 --> 00:45:44,279
Speaker 1: to agricultural problems solved, and that would solve a lot

919
00:45:44,320 --> 00:45:46,000
Speaker 1: of problems. I'm sure it would create a lot of

920
00:45:46,040 --> 00:45:48,000
Speaker 1: problems that you and I are unaware of, not being

921
00:45:48,120 --> 00:45:50,880
Speaker 1: farm folk, but it would solve a lot of the

922
00:45:51,480 --> 00:45:54,560
Speaker 1: child labor problems that child labor activists have issues with.

923
00:45:55,160 --> 00:45:56,440
Speaker 3: It would do nothing for the.

924
00:45:58,160 --> 00:46:02,640
Speaker 1: Much more rampant problems that are endemic around the world

925
00:46:03,160 --> 00:46:06,360
Speaker 1: with child labor, where a lot of it resembles basically

926
00:46:07,200 --> 00:46:09,520
Speaker 1: how America was with child labor at the at the

927
00:46:09,680 --> 00:46:11,200
Speaker 1: you know, during the Gilded Age.

928
00:46:11,920 --> 00:46:16,240
Speaker 2: Yeah, one hundred and fifty eight million kids are estimated

929
00:46:16,280 --> 00:46:18,440
Speaker 2: to be the victims of child labor around the world.

930
00:46:19,360 --> 00:46:21,919
Speaker 2: The good news is that's down thirty percent from twenty

931
00:46:22,000 --> 00:46:25,920
Speaker 2: years ago. But the bad news is is that's a

932
00:46:26,000 --> 00:46:29,520
Speaker 2: lot of kids, and I think seventy one percent of

933
00:46:29,560 --> 00:46:33,920
Speaker 2: those are in agriculture, harvesting, fishing, herding, stuff like that.

934
00:46:34,880 --> 00:46:36,879
Speaker 2: But there are a lot of kids around the world

935
00:46:36,920 --> 00:46:38,640
Speaker 2: that still like work in coal mines.

936
00:46:39,280 --> 00:46:43,360
Speaker 1: Yeah, like that's too narrow for an adult, it's too dangerous.

937
00:46:43,400 --> 00:46:46,279
Speaker 1: You go in there and do it instead, and they'll

938
00:46:46,320 --> 00:46:48,800
Speaker 1: work with like they'll work at wildcat gold mines, so

939
00:46:48,880 --> 00:46:51,399
Speaker 1: they're having to like separate gold with mercury. So they're

940
00:46:51,440 --> 00:46:54,400
Speaker 1: getting mercury poisoning at a young age, which really messes

941
00:46:54,440 --> 00:46:59,200
Speaker 1: with you developmentally. On tobacco farms and places like Zimbabwe,

942
00:46:59,400 --> 00:47:02,040
Speaker 1: not only are are they having to get you know,

943
00:47:02,200 --> 00:47:07,600
Speaker 1: nicotine poisoning, they're also being poisoned by toxic pesticides that

944
00:47:07,680 --> 00:47:10,200
Speaker 1: are used on the crops and stuff too. So like

945
00:47:11,000 --> 00:47:14,880
Speaker 1: these kids are working in like deplorable working conditions, and

946
00:47:16,560 --> 00:47:19,600
Speaker 1: there's just some really basic stuff that needs to.

947
00:47:19,760 --> 00:47:23,000
Speaker 3: Change that would just free the children of the world

948
00:47:23,360 --> 00:47:29,000
Speaker 3: the world around from what is essentially like indentured servitude

949
00:47:29,080 --> 00:47:29,359
Speaker 3: right now.

950
00:47:30,000 --> 00:47:31,800
Speaker 2: Yeah, and there's four kind of basic things that the

951
00:47:31,880 --> 00:47:35,800
Speaker 2: ILO says we can do around the country. And like

952
00:47:35,880 --> 00:47:37,920
Speaker 2: you said at the very beginning, they're very pragmatic. They

953
00:47:37,920 --> 00:47:40,600
Speaker 2: all make sense and they would really make a difference.

954
00:47:40,800 --> 00:47:45,879
Speaker 2: And the first is expand access to education. Get kids

955
00:47:45,960 --> 00:47:49,400
Speaker 2: in school and get rid of fees to be in

956
00:47:49,520 --> 00:47:54,240
Speaker 2: school and put them. If they're in a school situation,

957
00:47:54,320 --> 00:47:56,200
Speaker 2: they're way less likely to join the workforce.

958
00:47:56,760 --> 00:47:58,400
Speaker 3: That's what our friends at COED do.

959
00:47:58,560 --> 00:48:01,239
Speaker 1: They're like helping get kids off of family farms and

960
00:48:01,360 --> 00:48:05,520
Speaker 1: into schools by removing any barriers between them in school.

961
00:48:05,880 --> 00:48:08,800
Speaker 4: Yep, it's all through education. It's a great, great organization.

962
00:48:09,280 --> 00:48:09,480
Speaker 3: Yeap.

963
00:48:10,320 --> 00:48:13,680
Speaker 2: What else And that's, by the way, the cooperative I

964
00:48:13,719 --> 00:48:17,160
Speaker 2: always say that word wrong, Cooperative for Education.

965
00:48:17,840 --> 00:48:18,719
Speaker 3: Yeah, look them up.

966
00:48:18,719 --> 00:48:21,640
Speaker 2: We've championed them for years and we got a little

967
00:48:22,360 --> 00:48:23,960
Speaker 2: fun thing coming up that we're dealing with them that

968
00:48:24,040 --> 00:48:26,719
Speaker 2: you guys might be interested in, So stay tuned for that. Yeah,

969
00:48:27,640 --> 00:48:29,560
Speaker 2: let me see what's the next one? Help families meet

970
00:48:29,640 --> 00:48:33,600
Speaker 2: basic needs. This could be a universal basic income, it

971
00:48:33,640 --> 00:48:37,360
Speaker 2: could be monthly stipend, but basically so families don't have

972
00:48:37,480 --> 00:48:40,200
Speaker 2: to send their kids out to works to provide at

973
00:48:40,239 --> 00:48:41,399
Speaker 2: the most basic level.

974
00:48:41,920 --> 00:48:42,120
Speaker 3: Yeah.

975
00:48:42,200 --> 00:48:43,960
Speaker 1: And a way that you can help that is through

976
00:48:44,120 --> 00:48:48,440
Speaker 1: Kiva by blending making micro loans to people so that

977
00:48:48,560 --> 00:48:52,080
Speaker 1: they can they have the capital to grow from Initially.

978
00:48:53,360 --> 00:48:56,359
Speaker 1: There's also like, if you make sure that adults are

979
00:48:56,400 --> 00:49:00,520
Speaker 1: getting better wages and pay and their rights are protected,

980
00:49:01,040 --> 00:49:03,759
Speaker 1: it makes their children less likely to be forced into

981
00:49:03,800 --> 00:49:06,680
Speaker 1: the workplace to begin with, because it's not again, there's

982
00:49:06,719 --> 00:49:09,920
Speaker 1: not like adults the world round saying, you know, our

983
00:49:10,000 --> 00:49:12,359
Speaker 1: kids need to be working because they're lazy, Like their

984
00:49:12,440 --> 00:49:15,160
Speaker 1: kids need to be working because the adults aren't getting

985
00:49:15,200 --> 00:49:19,239
Speaker 1: paid enough. And if you make sure that you're you know,

986
00:49:19,520 --> 00:49:21,719
Speaker 1: if you're a Western company and you make sure that

987
00:49:21,840 --> 00:49:25,800
Speaker 1: you're paying everybody a fair wage, there's a good chance

988
00:49:25,880 --> 00:49:29,080
Speaker 1: that you can eradicate child labor from your supply chain.

989
00:49:29,440 --> 00:49:33,360
Speaker 4: Yeah, and then the last thing is just enforcement.

990
00:49:34,040 --> 00:49:35,719
Speaker 2: They can put all the laws that they want on

991
00:49:35,760 --> 00:49:38,920
Speaker 2: the books, but unless someone's gonna actually work on enforcement,

992
00:49:39,040 --> 00:49:42,680
Speaker 2: then it really doesn't matter much. So that's really sort

993
00:49:42,719 --> 00:49:46,600
Speaker 2: of the last step is funding for enforcement.

994
00:49:47,160 --> 00:49:50,040
Speaker 1: Yeah, and Germany actually just passed the law recently that

995
00:49:50,560 --> 00:49:55,400
Speaker 1: demands that it's companies examine do due diligence and examine

996
00:49:55,400 --> 00:49:58,920
Speaker 1: their supply chains to see if there's child labor involved

997
00:49:58,960 --> 00:50:00,880
Speaker 1: in to do something about it. That doesn't have like

998
00:50:00,920 --> 00:50:03,080
Speaker 1: as much teeth as Human Rights Watch was saying that

999
00:50:03,160 --> 00:50:05,080
Speaker 1: they wish it had but it's a good first step

1000
00:50:05,160 --> 00:50:08,839
Speaker 1: and hopefully the way that you know, progressive nations will

1001
00:50:08,840 --> 00:50:09,399
Speaker 1: start moving.

1002
00:50:09,760 --> 00:50:13,680
Speaker 3: That's right. Two things, big shout out. I can't remember

1003
00:50:14,320 --> 00:50:17,160
Speaker 3: his name, but the young listener who was mowing the

1004
00:50:17,280 --> 00:50:19,000
Speaker 3: lawn for his dad and wrote in.

1005
00:50:19,040 --> 00:50:21,320
Speaker 1: To request this episode, I think, oh, that's right. I

1006
00:50:21,360 --> 00:50:24,239
Speaker 1: think he prompted this episode. So hats off to you,

1007
00:50:24,400 --> 00:50:27,080
Speaker 1: young sir. I hope you can kick up your heels

1008
00:50:27,080 --> 00:50:29,560
Speaker 1: for a little while. And then also, this was indeed

1009
00:50:29,600 --> 00:50:32,600
Speaker 1: a Dave Ruse joint, so thanks again to Dave for

1010
00:50:32,719 --> 00:50:33,080
Speaker 1: this one.

1011
00:50:34,440 --> 00:50:35,440
Speaker 4: Right, that's right.

1012
00:50:36,160 --> 00:50:38,239
Speaker 3: Since Chuck said that's right, everybody means it's time for

1013
00:50:38,400 --> 00:50:42,200
Speaker 3: listener mayl. I'm gonna call this.

1014
00:50:43,160 --> 00:50:46,640
Speaker 4: I think it's just thanks. Hey, guys. Running in from Louisville, Kentucky,

1015
00:50:46,680 --> 00:50:47,200
Speaker 4: Do said I much.

1016
00:50:47,200 --> 00:50:50,440
Speaker 2: I love the show. Even though Josh said the KFCM

1017
00:50:50,640 --> 00:50:54,279
Speaker 2: center was in Lexington, I'll never live that down. Your

1018
00:50:54,320 --> 00:50:56,759
Speaker 2: correction put a smile on my face. Knowing that there

1019
00:50:56,800 --> 00:50:59,040
Speaker 2: are other stuff you should know fans near me. I

1020
00:50:59,120 --> 00:51:00,920
Speaker 2: work in long term care and use your podcast in

1021
00:51:00,960 --> 00:51:04,080
Speaker 2: many different ways. I help people with cognitive impairments. Set

1022
00:51:04,160 --> 00:51:08,280
Speaker 2: up their tablets and such for enrichment, socialization, and stimulation,

1023
00:51:08,760 --> 00:51:10,480
Speaker 2: and one of the first activities I show them is

1024
00:51:10,480 --> 00:51:14,239
Speaker 2: how to access entertainment. With the educational podcast, everyone can

1025
00:51:14,280 --> 00:51:15,960
Speaker 2: find something they want to learn about on Stuff you

1026
00:51:15,960 --> 00:51:18,760
Speaker 2: Should Know. I also help people find ways of remembering

1027
00:51:18,800 --> 00:51:22,239
Speaker 2: new information and use your short stuff episodes for those

1028
00:51:22,280 --> 00:51:26,120
Speaker 2: with shorter attention spans. And finally, my own enjoyment is

1029
00:51:26,200 --> 00:51:28,640
Speaker 2: a factor. I listened to many different podcasts during my

1030
00:51:28,719 --> 00:51:30,840
Speaker 2: drive to and from work, but only Stuff you Should

1031
00:51:30,840 --> 00:51:33,880
Speaker 2: Know has the ability to get me into a different headspace.

1032
00:51:34,640 --> 00:51:36,920
Speaker 2: I attribute that to Josh and Chuck. None of these

1033
00:51:36,960 --> 00:51:39,520
Speaker 2: topics would be nearly as interesting without you, guys. I've

1034
00:51:39,560 --> 00:51:42,960
Speaker 2: cried and laughed sometimes both all in all of your episodes,

1035
00:51:43,360 --> 00:51:44,800
Speaker 2: even the really mathy ones.

1036
00:51:47,000 --> 00:51:49,399
Speaker 4: I feel you on that one, Chuck and Josh.

1037
00:51:50,719 --> 00:51:52,319
Speaker 3: Yeah, Oh that was a dig.

1038
00:51:52,920 --> 00:51:55,080
Speaker 4: Wasn't a dig? Be you math guy?

1039
00:51:56,160 --> 00:51:59,359
Speaker 3: No? No, but I'd like to think I am okay.

1040
00:51:59,440 --> 00:51:59,960
Speaker 4: Sorry about that.

1041
00:52:00,840 --> 00:52:02,920
Speaker 2: The episode on snake handling is a personal favorite. I

1042
00:52:02,920 --> 00:52:04,640
Speaker 2: appreciate an episode. I love the show and everyone that

1043
00:52:04,680 --> 00:52:06,759
Speaker 2: works on it. Thanks for keeping it going. I hope

1044
00:52:06,800 --> 00:52:09,160
Speaker 2: see y'all in Kentucky. That is from Ellie.

1045
00:52:09,560 --> 00:52:12,719
Speaker 1: Well, thanks again, Ellie, And if you want to get

1046
00:52:12,760 --> 00:52:14,879
Speaker 1: in touch with this, like Ellie did, you can write

1047
00:52:14,960 --> 00:52:18,080
Speaker 1: us an email send it off to stuff podcast at

1048
00:52:18,120 --> 00:52:19,440
Speaker 1: iHeartRadio dot com.

1049
00:52:22,760 --> 00:52:25,600
Speaker 2: Stuff you Should Know is a production of iHeartRadio. For

1050
00:52:25,760 --> 00:52:29,880
Speaker 2: more podcasts my heart Radio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts,

1051
00:52:30,040 --> 00:52:31,840
Speaker 2: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.