WEBVTT - Octopus, Octopi, Octopod, Octopuses 0:00:00.280 --> 0:00:02.840 Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera. 0:00:03.160 --> 0:00:07.520 It's ready. Are you welcome to Stuff you should Know? 0:00:08.119 --> 0:00:16.400 From House Stuff Works dot Com? Hey, and welcome to 0:00:16.440 --> 0:00:19.680 the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, Charles W. Chuck Brian is 0:00:19.760 --> 0:00:23.360 seated across from me, and that would make this stuff 0:00:23.400 --> 0:00:29.640 you should know? Yes, Yes, how you doing. I'm feeling 0:00:29.640 --> 0:00:31.920 a little rough, my friend, are you? Yeah? All right? 0:00:32.040 --> 0:00:36.440 You look good? Ted White? You know Timmy my hazardous 0:00:36.440 --> 0:00:39.720 waste stuff. But he turned forty yesterday, so we went 0:00:39.720 --> 0:00:41.680 out at a nice dinner and then you know, went 0:00:41.720 --> 0:00:46.680 out afterwards. Italian. Yeah, Italian. Can you create a little 0:00:46.680 --> 0:00:52.120 hazardous waste of our own? It's gross, it is I'm sorry. Um, well, 0:00:52.120 --> 0:00:54.279 I'm glad you made it in. I'm here, man, I'm 0:00:54.280 --> 0:00:57.200 Ready're sitting up right, as I said, and seated across 0:00:57.200 --> 0:00:59.480 from me. Yeah. So I'm gonna tell you a story, Chuck, 0:01:00.240 --> 0:01:03.760 please try not to fall asleep. Okay, there's an octopus 0:01:03.800 --> 0:01:05.800 that you probably have never heard of because he got 0:01:05.840 --> 0:01:09.279 almost no press coverage whatsoever. But his name is Paul. 0:01:10.640 --> 0:01:14.120 You have, yeah, the World Cup octopus. Okay, Well, I 0:01:14.480 --> 0:01:16.840 forget you do lots of research most people haven't heard 0:01:16.840 --> 0:01:19.400 of this octopus. Right. His name is Paul, and he 0:01:19.440 --> 0:01:23.080 lives in the Sea Life Center in Germany, a German 0:01:23.120 --> 0:01:26.640 town that I am not familiar with. And um, he 0:01:26.760 --> 0:01:29.600 had a tendency, believe it or not, to pick the 0:01:29.680 --> 0:01:34.960 winner of the eight final World Cup matches in two thousand. Yeah, 0:01:34.959 --> 0:01:37.240 I didn't heed like pick up whatever flag he picked 0:01:37.280 --> 0:01:39.800 up or something. No, it was they would present him 0:01:39.840 --> 0:01:42.319 with two boxes with the muscle in each box and 0:01:42.319 --> 0:01:44.280 you know one box that would have like you know 0:01:44.280 --> 0:01:47.080 who's playing who? And he ate the muscle out of 0:01:47.120 --> 0:01:49.720 the right box every single time. In my mind's eye, 0:01:49.760 --> 0:01:52.720 he waved a little I just totally created that or 0:01:52.760 --> 0:01:56.400 he sucked it up in his beak because octopi have beaks, 0:01:57.160 --> 0:01:59.520 and I'm going to say octopi. I think probably most 0:01:59.520 --> 0:02:02.120 of this pod has, but I'm gonna go with octopuses. 0:02:02.240 --> 0:02:06.920 Octopuses is a way to go. You could also say octopods. Um, 0:02:06.960 --> 0:02:11.320 there are at least three plural forms of octopus, so 0:02:11.400 --> 0:02:16.239 you could say cactuses. I guess cactipods maybe. Yeah. I 0:02:16.320 --> 0:02:21.560 don't think the pods would transfer over because octopi are cephalopods, right, 0:02:21.800 --> 0:02:25.560 which means head foot. It means head foot, literally means 0:02:25.600 --> 0:02:28.320 head footed, and that means when you look at an 0:02:28.360 --> 0:02:30.600 octopus and all you see is a head and arms. 0:02:30.600 --> 0:02:32.560 And that's why. That's whether whether you get that name 0:02:32.760 --> 0:02:35.080 all right? And um it turns out that the area 0:02:35.320 --> 0:02:39.919 of its eyes are not its head. Chuck. Oh, really, 0:02:40.480 --> 0:02:43.320 as far as I understand, what's that? That the the 0:02:43.360 --> 0:02:45.000 big part that you would think is its head, it's 0:02:45.040 --> 0:02:47.959 its mantle. Okay, we're getting ahead of ourselves. So you 0:02:48.000 --> 0:02:50.799 want to classify this thing a little better. Yes, we're 0:02:50.800 --> 0:02:55.600 going to classify it um as the phylum mollusca um 0:02:55.639 --> 0:02:58.160 with snails and slugs and clams and things like that, 0:02:58.760 --> 0:03:02.880 and um in the ass of Cephalopoda, which along with 0:03:03.160 --> 0:03:06.079 their buddies the squid, and like nautilus and things like that. 0:03:06.600 --> 0:03:09.880 But they don't have um like an outer shell like 0:03:09.919 --> 0:03:12.320 a lot of moloks too, No, or an inner shell, 0:03:12.360 --> 0:03:14.680 which apparently squid have as well. And we'll we'll get 0:03:14.680 --> 0:03:17.480 to that though, and why. But what they lack in 0:03:19.040 --> 0:03:24.680 you know, what they lack in um shellness, they make 0:03:24.760 --> 0:03:28.399 up for in spunk and pluckiness. Because they are probably 0:03:28.440 --> 0:03:34.360 the most interesting mollusks of all. Dude, octopuses are extremely fascinating. 0:03:35.040 --> 0:03:36.520 Then that's why I picked him. We don't do like 0:03:36.720 --> 0:03:40.400 And this one is on cats. I mean, I love cats, 0:03:40.440 --> 0:03:44.560 but they're not fascinating. Cat lowers are gonna hate you, um, 0:03:44.560 --> 0:03:48.040 but octopuses are definitely fascinating endlessly to me at least. 0:03:48.080 --> 0:03:50.920 And uh, since you mentioned the mail, I guess we 0:03:50.920 --> 0:03:53.480 should talk about that. Well. Yeah, if you look at 0:03:53.480 --> 0:03:55.280 an octopus, you see the eyes, and there right behind 0:03:55.320 --> 0:03:57.840 the eyes, it looks like its head. Now, the eyes 0:03:57.880 --> 0:04:00.200 are actually attached to the head. And what's behind is 0:04:00.240 --> 0:04:02.640 called the mantle. Yeah, and the mantle is where all 0:04:02.680 --> 0:04:05.880 of its internal organs are stuffed in. Everything is in 0:04:05.920 --> 0:04:10.240 that bulbous sack, the anus, the gonad. Uh, the posterior 0:04:10.280 --> 0:04:13.120 salivary glandges giggled when you said anus and go next. 0:04:13.880 --> 0:04:15.760 Good lord. Sometimes I lets walk past her in the 0:04:15.760 --> 0:04:18.440 hall and just be like anus, go nad until start 0:04:18.520 --> 0:04:22.440 to doing so. Everything's up in there, right, yeah, digestive 0:04:22.440 --> 0:04:26.599 gland right, the anus, the gonad. Right, she's still laughing. 0:04:27.200 --> 0:04:30.680 And the mantle is like an extremely strong muscle. And 0:04:30.720 --> 0:04:33.240 part of the reason for that is as to protect 0:04:33.279 --> 0:04:37.360 all those organs, obviously, and it also helps with um respiration. 0:04:37.680 --> 0:04:40.880 And there's also a funnel. This is awesome too that um, 0:04:40.960 --> 0:04:43.000 we will get to you later. Yeah, it's gonna come 0:04:43.120 --> 0:04:47.240 up here there for funnel. If this for Peewee's Playhouse, 0:04:47.320 --> 0:04:50.159 that would be the secret word of the day. Yeah, 0:04:50.279 --> 0:04:53.800 well let's just make it that, okay. And also they 0:04:53.839 --> 0:04:55.640 call that a siphon. And then, like you said, we'll 0:04:55.680 --> 0:04:59.440 explain what that does, but we should talk about we 0:04:59.480 --> 0:05:01.400 should just go and lead off, I think with the 0:05:01.400 --> 0:05:04.000 most fascinating part of an octopus to me is the 0:05:04.560 --> 0:05:09.600 camouflaging abilities. Yeah. I was gonna say it's blood was blue. Well, 0:05:09.760 --> 0:05:11.360 you know what, go ahead and say that. That's good. 0:05:11.400 --> 0:05:14.400 That's pretty cool. Blue blood. Alright, Well, your blood is 0:05:14.440 --> 0:05:17.080 red as his mind, as is all of our listeners, 0:05:17.120 --> 0:05:20.360 because we're American, that's right. Um, And we're not wealthy, 0:05:20.560 --> 0:05:23.720 but um octopi apparently are because they have blue blood. 0:05:24.200 --> 0:05:25.919 And the reason our blood is red is because we 0:05:26.000 --> 0:05:30.359 have an iron um iron containing protein called hemoglobin that 0:05:30.480 --> 0:05:34.000 binds oxygen together in a bloodstream for more efficient delivery. Right, 0:05:34.600 --> 0:05:38.240 Octopi have blue blood because they have a protein in 0:05:38.279 --> 0:05:43.920 their blood called um hemocyanin, and cyan is another name 0:05:43.960 --> 0:05:48.159 for blue, and their blood is blue because hemocyanin is 0:05:48.640 --> 0:05:51.960 uh copper based, right, it's a copper based protein, and 0:05:51.960 --> 0:05:55.040 I guess that makes the diff It makes all the dif. 0:05:55.400 --> 0:05:58.880 But that's really interesting because you pointed out something that 0:05:58.880 --> 0:06:00.760 has to do with one of their most saying features. 0:06:00.760 --> 0:06:06.080 It because they have low oxygen levels. They have three hearts, yes, yeah, 0:06:06.120 --> 0:06:08.840 two pumping pump blood to the gills, right, and then 0:06:08.839 --> 0:06:11.240 one handles the rest of the body. That's so awesome. 0:06:11.400 --> 0:06:14.880 It is nature finds a way always like, you know, 0:06:15.880 --> 0:06:19.839 another heart. Six hundred million years, we're gonna be three hearts. Uh. 0:06:19.960 --> 0:06:21.719 So that is awesome. But back to what we were saying, 0:06:21.720 --> 0:06:24.719 which I think is the most awesome, the color changing 0:06:24.720 --> 0:06:29.080 Well it's not mine. The color changing camouflaging ability of 0:06:29.160 --> 0:06:31.919 the octopus. If you've never seen it, go to YouTube 0:06:31.960 --> 0:06:36.839 and type in octopus color change. Dude, it's unbelievable. There's 0:06:36.880 --> 0:06:40.600 there's there's there's one. It's like fifteen seconds long where 0:06:40.720 --> 0:06:43.000 the beginning of the shot you literally are going like, 0:06:43.279 --> 0:06:45.880 all right, where's the octopus and then it's you know, 0:06:46.000 --> 0:06:49.400 part of this reef. It shoots off, changes color and 0:06:49.440 --> 0:06:52.040 like under a second, which it can do and then 0:06:52.080 --> 0:06:54.960 attaches to another reef and boom, it's that color and 0:06:55.040 --> 0:06:58.680 looks exactly like that. Read it's mind blowing. Yeah, and 0:06:58.720 --> 0:07:02.040 we have no idea how it knows what color to 0:07:02.240 --> 0:07:06.800 change two right now, we don't know how it knows, 0:07:06.839 --> 0:07:09.520 but we know how it does, right exactly there. Uh, 0:07:09.880 --> 0:07:13.120 it's through chromatophores, right, yeah, that's the secret. Okay. So 0:07:13.200 --> 0:07:16.760 chromatophors are little cells that have like three pigments sacks 0:07:16.760 --> 0:07:20.440 in each. It's a very tiny pigment sacks that depending 0:07:20.440 --> 0:07:24.920 on the muscles surrounding the cell um, whatever color needs 0:07:24.960 --> 0:07:28.120 to be featured is expanded or contracted, so the other 0:07:28.160 --> 0:07:31.600 two will be hidden while one is is expanded. And 0:07:32.000 --> 0:07:34.360 that's a cell as I said, just means it's very 0:07:34.400 --> 0:07:38.040 very tiny, and the octopus's skin is covered tens of 0:07:38.080 --> 0:07:41.920 thousands of them, right, and each one is controlled by 0:07:42.080 --> 0:07:44.680 a different nerve, right. Yeah. And the way they put 0:07:44.720 --> 0:07:47.200 in the article to understand how that works is pretty good. 0:07:47.200 --> 0:07:49.000 I think Jennifer Horton did a great job. It's like 0:07:49.040 --> 0:07:51.720 if you put a few color section of rubber band 0:07:52.280 --> 0:07:55.000 and then you stretch it out in an instant, it's 0:07:55.000 --> 0:07:57.880 gonna look completely different. Color wise, and that contracts and 0:07:57.880 --> 0:07:59.920 it's gonna be very deep color and that's what it's doing. 0:08:00.040 --> 0:08:03.280 Bread it's over a larger surface area too. Yeah. But 0:08:03.400 --> 0:08:07.680 since each crematophores is controlled by its own nerve um, 0:08:07.680 --> 0:08:11.720 it's own nervous system, right, No, the nervous system controls 0:08:11.720 --> 0:08:15.440 each one independently. So it's like the nervous system is going, Okay, 0:08:15.480 --> 0:08:18.040 you're gonna end in this crematophori right in tens of 0:08:18.040 --> 0:08:20.960 thousands of them, so you have all these mind boggling 0:08:21.000 --> 0:08:24.520 different combinations. So the color change can be very It's 0:08:24.520 --> 0:08:26.800 not just like Okay, I'm going to be blue now, 0:08:27.360 --> 0:08:29.640 it's it's like I'm going to be speckled like this 0:08:29.720 --> 0:08:31.720 coral reef that you were just talking. I'm gonna look 0:08:31.720 --> 0:08:35.160 exactly like whatever I'm next to, or a sandy bottom. 0:08:35.200 --> 0:08:38.920 And it also doesn't hurt that they have um, what 0:08:38.920 --> 0:08:45.120 are they called the little mirror like reflective ritophores. Yes, yeah, 0:08:45.160 --> 0:08:48.120 they mirror the surrounding environment, so that helps. And then 0:08:48.160 --> 0:08:52.440 for the texture, they have projections called pope on their 0:08:52.480 --> 0:08:56.400 skin and they can actually change textures to blend in 0:08:56.440 --> 0:08:59.400 as well, which is these videos on YouTube. It's insane. 0:08:59.480 --> 0:09:01.720 It doesn't look like nature should be able to do 0:09:01.760 --> 0:09:04.880 what these things do in a second and really awesome. 0:09:05.520 --> 0:09:10.400 At least one researcher UM said that chameleons camouflages hum 0:09:10.440 --> 0:09:14.040 Drum by comparison. Have you seen, though, that one chameleon 0:09:14.080 --> 0:09:18.560 on YouTube with the different colored sunglasses. I think it is. 0:09:18.720 --> 0:09:22.720 I got the impression that that was a photoshop something. 0:09:23.120 --> 0:09:25.080 I didn't know that they could change that quickly. But 0:09:25.080 --> 0:09:27.800 they still got nothing on these octopuses. Okay, so even 0:09:27.840 --> 0:09:30.120 if it were photoshops, they still learn as good as 0:09:30.120 --> 0:09:34.880 an octopus, not by a long check those out, um, 0:09:35.000 --> 0:09:37.400 so chuck. One of the well, the main reason why 0:09:37.440 --> 0:09:41.800 they can change colors not so they can be on YouTube. Um, 0:09:41.960 --> 0:09:45.160 it's so they can evade predators, right yeah, and hunt 0:09:45.200 --> 0:09:48.000 better and hide for prey and stuff like that. Um. 0:09:48.040 --> 0:09:50.360 But one of the one of the I guess, one 0:09:50.400 --> 0:09:54.160 of the characteristics they're most famous for, um is for 0:09:54.240 --> 0:09:58.000 evading predators is their ink, right yeah. Octopus can blow 0:09:58.040 --> 0:09:59.880 a bunch of ink in your face. Yeah. And you 0:10:00.000 --> 0:10:04.640 mentioned the siphon funnel earlier. They use that in conjunction 0:10:04.679 --> 0:10:06.720 with the ink sact, so they'll spit out some ink. 0:10:07.280 --> 0:10:09.439 Which itself would be just like a very concentrated ink 0:10:09.480 --> 0:10:11.880 blob or yeah, it could be like little globules. Yeah, 0:10:11.880 --> 0:10:14.480 they'll do that sometimes. Um they I think, what do 0:10:14.520 --> 0:10:17.199 they do that too? Yeah? Decoy, But if they want 0:10:17.240 --> 0:10:20.160 to like evade something, if they're in a major threat mode, 0:10:20.520 --> 0:10:23.120 they'll squirt out some of the ink and then shoot 0:10:23.160 --> 0:10:25.199 out a big puff of water from their funnel that 0:10:25.240 --> 0:10:27.880 they're holding, and all of a sudden that creates the 0:10:27.880 --> 0:10:31.760 big like James Bond oil slick probably actually would be 0:10:31.800 --> 0:10:35.679 more like a cloud that you can't deep horizon oilson 0:10:35.760 --> 0:10:41.120 it was all octopus that wasn't. The ink though, also 0:10:41.160 --> 0:10:45.400 contains a trio synaise and that impairs taste and smell 0:10:45.920 --> 0:10:48.120 so that you not only if you're a predator like 0:10:48.160 --> 0:10:50.679 your shark, let's say, not only can you not see 0:10:51.160 --> 0:10:54.920 your you remember the things in the nose of the shark. Yeah, 0:10:54.960 --> 0:10:56.559 that'll affect that and they'll just get all wacky and 0:10:56.559 --> 0:10:58.400 they won't know what to do. It starts swimming around 0:10:58.400 --> 0:11:01.679 in circles and smoking cigarett It's frantically exactly get a 0:11:01.679 --> 0:11:06.240 little upset with that. So um, especially with the kind 0:11:06.280 --> 0:11:12.240 of nervous system that octopuses have to have to um 0:11:12.440 --> 0:11:15.360 for each chromatophore to be controlled by its own nerve 0:11:15.520 --> 0:11:19.959 ending um to be able to release in that kind 0:11:19.960 --> 0:11:22.720 of stuff that this process is that an octopus goes through. 0:11:23.360 --> 0:11:25.720 It shows that they do have a big central nervous system, 0:11:26.280 --> 0:11:28.760 but they also have like a pretty decent sized brain 0:11:28.840 --> 0:11:32.600 as well. Right, Yeah, and you know, um, before we 0:11:32.640 --> 0:11:35.439 move on from the disguising thing that the brown octopus, 0:11:35.480 --> 0:11:38.400 we should point out kind also contorted shape to look 0:11:38.440 --> 0:11:42.160 like other things. And they think that it chooses what 0:11:42.280 --> 0:11:44.480 to look like depends depending on what's going on. Like 0:11:45.280 --> 0:11:48.400 I think the example in the article was um, damsel fish. Yeah, 0:11:48.600 --> 0:11:50.720 confronted by a damselfish, they'll all of a sudden be 0:11:50.840 --> 0:11:54.720 like form of sea snake because the damselfish is afraid 0:11:54.720 --> 0:11:56.760 of the sea snake, and the octopus will look like 0:11:56.800 --> 0:12:00.240 a sea snake. It's like, it's crazy. You have seen 0:12:00.240 --> 0:12:04.320 the se snake video? No, did you watch any white 0:12:04.320 --> 0:12:08.679 snake videos today? I love white snake though. So, an 0:12:08.679 --> 0:12:14.360 octopus's brain is um proportionately speaking, in some cases as 0:12:14.880 --> 0:12:19.559 as big as the mammals um or a bird's. Birds 0:12:19.720 --> 0:12:21.920 don't have the smallest brains well, and it's definitely the 0:12:21.920 --> 0:12:26.040 most evolved of the cephalopods for sure. Yes, smartest of 0:12:26.160 --> 0:12:28.720 a lot from what we can tell it is. And um, 0:12:29.000 --> 0:12:34.440 again they the nerve endings that we were talking about, UM, 0:12:34.600 --> 0:12:37.439 the central nervous system. I keep wanting to say, nerve endings. 0:12:37.559 --> 0:12:44.000 The central nervous system. UM is separate from the brain. Right, Yeah, 0:12:44.160 --> 0:12:47.280 that's what they They've learned through studies show that they 0:12:47.520 --> 0:12:50.760 like what may happen is they operate independently. So the 0:12:50.800 --> 0:12:52.640 brain will like send the order out to do something 0:12:53.120 --> 0:12:54.839 and then just kind of take it off at the list, 0:12:54.960 --> 0:12:58.120 and then each arm has its own nervous system and 0:12:58.200 --> 0:13:01.240 it will decide how to accomplish that. Tabs right. Apparently 0:13:01.320 --> 0:13:05.559 three fifths of the nerves in the octopus's body is 0:13:05.679 --> 0:13:09.360 in its arms and its tentacles, and there's eight independent 0:13:09.480 --> 0:13:13.720 nerves systems. Because Chuck tell them how how they figured 0:13:13.760 --> 0:13:17.960 out that arms have their own system is mean. It 0:13:18.040 --> 0:13:20.800 sounds very mean. What they did was they severed the 0:13:20.840 --> 0:13:23.480 nerves and the arms from the other nerves in the 0:13:23.480 --> 0:13:26.640 bodies and brain, and then they tickled it and then 0:13:26.679 --> 0:13:29.600 they found out with some delight. I would imagine that Look, 0:13:29.640 --> 0:13:32.560 they're still ticklish even though their brain doesn't know this 0:13:32.640 --> 0:13:34.520 is going on. So that's how they proved it. And 0:13:34.600 --> 0:13:39.640 these researchers were pretty, I guess a little intrepid because 0:13:39.640 --> 0:13:43.960 the arms are very powerful. It's almost all muscle um, 0:13:44.040 --> 0:13:46.880 and they can since they don't have any bone in them, 0:13:46.920 --> 0:13:49.199 and there's tons of muscle and nerve endings, and they 0:13:49.280 --> 0:13:53.000 can um do just about anything, including go semi rigid 0:13:53.400 --> 0:13:57.800 and bend at a spot like we can bend our arms. Like, yeah, 0:13:58.600 --> 0:14:01.559 it is very They were talking about in here wrestling sharks, 0:14:01.600 --> 0:14:03.680 and if you want to also delight yourself, go to 0:14:03.760 --> 0:14:09.560 YouTube and type in shark battles octopus And this octopus 0:14:09.640 --> 0:14:12.800 is like camouflage and this shark swims by like a 0:14:12.800 --> 0:14:15.240 decent size shark, and all of a sudden, this octopus 0:14:15.280 --> 0:14:18.600 just like leaps and wraps this thing up and and 0:14:18.679 --> 0:14:20.640 the shark cannot get free. Do you see this? Like 0:14:20.800 --> 0:14:24.040 massive strong shark like wrestling, and the octopus will not 0:14:24.120 --> 0:14:27.080 let it free. So you know, octopuses have a feature 0:14:27.080 --> 0:14:29.560 that we're going to get to in a minute, um 0:14:29.640 --> 0:14:34.040 that I find as unsettling as anything, which one the beak. 0:14:34.360 --> 0:14:37.120 Oh yeah, but first let's talk about the eyes while 0:14:37.160 --> 0:14:40.120 we're on like the basic physiology of it, right, Yeah, 0:14:40.160 --> 0:14:43.040 they're kind of like our eyes, right, they're they're actually 0:14:43.080 --> 0:14:46.840 better than our eyes. They have eight layers of um 0:14:46.880 --> 0:14:50.520 of films makeup like their corny, I guess, or what 0:14:50.560 --> 0:14:52.600 would be our corny and their couge too, because they 0:14:52.640 --> 0:14:56.800 need to capture more light because it's dark down there. 0:14:56.880 --> 0:15:01.000 But actually, camera manufacturers figured out that they could basically 0:15:01.400 --> 0:15:07.240 replicate an octopus's eye, uh cornea for camera lenses, and 0:15:07.280 --> 0:15:10.160 the actually led to a huge decrease in um the 0:15:10.200 --> 0:15:13.000 cost of cameras. Yeah, because before you had to have 0:15:13.320 --> 0:15:18.840 eight different lenses because lenses blurred, so you had to 0:15:18.880 --> 0:15:21.000 have eight different lenses to to kind of work out 0:15:21.080 --> 0:15:25.040 that blur. But that's all. That's pretty big, big camera. 0:15:25.280 --> 0:15:28.440 And they figured out after replicating octopus eyes that they 0:15:28.480 --> 0:15:30.400 could do it for a lot cheaper. So by bye 0:15:30.440 --> 0:15:35.160 octo lens, No, hello octo lens. They still use eight 0:15:35.480 --> 0:15:37.760 they well know what it's now as an octopus is 0:15:37.840 --> 0:15:42.240 lens octo lens, So it's good bye octo lens, Hello 0:15:42.400 --> 0:15:46.320 octo lens, right exactly. Oh. The other thing too, Josh 0:15:46.360 --> 0:15:49.360 I found remarkable is you always see octopus. It's kind 0:15:49.360 --> 0:15:52.160 of like you know, monkey in their way along the 0:15:52.160 --> 0:15:56.200 bottom very slowly. They can jet like twenty if they 0:15:56.200 --> 0:15:59.200 need to, which is forty kilometers. Bro, that's really fast, 0:15:59.280 --> 0:16:01.600 it is. And and remember we were talking about the siphon. 0:16:01.640 --> 0:16:03.680 That's how they do it. They suck in a bunch 0:16:03.720 --> 0:16:07.320 of water into the mantel, seal it off, and then 0:16:07.360 --> 0:16:10.160 blow it out the siphon and they can angle it 0:16:10.240 --> 0:16:13.120 and steer themselves that way. Right, Yeah, that's crazy. At 0:16:13.160 --> 0:16:15.360 the very least, they can shoot in the opposite direction. 0:16:15.760 --> 0:16:19.560 Add up to twenty through water by the way, yeah, 0:16:19.880 --> 0:16:22.680 which is this isn't through the air. No, they don't 0:16:22.760 --> 0:16:25.320 shoot out of the water. Wouldn't that be a weird 0:16:25.360 --> 0:16:27.320 world if you just looked out in the ocean there 0:16:27.360 --> 0:16:30.880 octopis jumping out. I remember the first time I saw 0:16:30.920 --> 0:16:33.680 the shark breach on the Discovery Channel. It was like 0:16:33.880 --> 0:16:36.880 mind blowing for me when the shark leaps from the water, 0:16:37.240 --> 0:16:39.720 completely out of the water, the great white I have 0:16:39.880 --> 0:16:41.680 not seen that. Yeah, it was one of the It 0:16:41.760 --> 0:16:44.000 was one of the like money shots for Planet Earth 0:16:44.000 --> 0:16:47.120 that caught it on like the super slowm camera. It's 0:16:47.160 --> 0:16:50.320 pretty remarkable. So should we talk about where they hang 0:16:50.360 --> 0:16:54.560 out their their life, basically their little solitary octopus life. Yeah, 0:16:54.680 --> 0:16:57.480 and I didn't realize that, although now that I learned it, 0:16:57.480 --> 0:17:01.960 it makes sense. Octopuses live um on their own. They 0:17:02.040 --> 0:17:06.680 pretty much only are around other living octopuses when they mate, 0:17:06.840 --> 0:17:10.440 and even that's kind of a letdown. Um. But yeah, 0:17:10.600 --> 0:17:14.000 and they live by themselves in uh den's. Wherever they 0:17:14.000 --> 0:17:15.960 happen to be living right then is called their den. 0:17:16.680 --> 0:17:19.080 And that can be anything from from uh, you know, 0:17:19.200 --> 0:17:22.800 beneath some rocks to an old jar or something that 0:17:22.880 --> 0:17:24.560 made it down to the bottom of the floor of 0:17:24.600 --> 0:17:27.480 the ocean floor if it's a small one obviously, but 0:17:27.560 --> 0:17:30.400 they can squeeze into some pretty right areas because again 0:17:30.440 --> 0:17:34.800 they have no bones. Um. But they change location like 0:17:34.840 --> 0:17:36.640 every couple of weeks, and no one's ever been able 0:17:36.680 --> 0:17:39.000 to figure out why they do that. Yeah, that's for 0:17:39.080 --> 0:17:41.280 some reason that struck me as sad. But I don't know. 0:17:41.480 --> 0:17:44.640 I just picture like the lonely octopus getting lonely, paranoid 0:17:44.640 --> 0:17:47.080 octopus getting sick of his den and like moving every 0:17:47.080 --> 0:17:49.359 two weeks. But maybe just wants to change the scenery, 0:17:49.400 --> 0:17:54.080 he knows, uh, And octopi generally walk right. Yeah, they 0:17:54.160 --> 0:17:56.760 use their suckers. Everyone knows about the suckers on the 0:17:56.840 --> 0:17:59.720 underside of the arm and they helped to propel it 0:17:59.760 --> 0:18:02.360 a long on the bottom of the ocean. And those 0:18:02.400 --> 0:18:06.080 little suckers are really, really sensitive. They have ten thousand 0:18:06.160 --> 0:18:10.080 neurons apiece. So while they're swimming along and or walking 0:18:10.080 --> 0:18:13.760 along the ocean, they're also like checking things out with 0:18:13.800 --> 0:18:17.360 their suckers, like food and stuff like that, or threats. 0:18:18.160 --> 0:18:20.639 And we should say at this point that we've been talking. 0:18:20.760 --> 0:18:23.000 We probably should have said this at the beginning. But 0:18:23.160 --> 0:18:25.639 if you are an octopus nerd um, we've been talking 0:18:25.680 --> 0:18:30.240 the entire time about the nonfinned octopus insurrate, not the 0:18:30.400 --> 0:18:34.680 much rarer and less discussed and less studied serrate or 0:18:34.800 --> 0:18:37.080 finned octopus. I didn't look up a picture of those 0:18:37.119 --> 0:18:40.640 you know what they look like either. I feel bad 0:18:40.640 --> 0:18:42.600 for those guys because they don't No one ever talks 0:18:42.600 --> 0:18:45.920 about them. Well, they keep to themselves. Yeah, like I'll octopie, 0:18:46.240 --> 0:18:48.800 So chuck. We've gotten to the point now where the 0:18:48.800 --> 0:18:52.480 the most unsettling part of any octopus for me emerges, 0:18:52.600 --> 0:19:00.520 and that is the beak. It's awesome. Octopus is squishy, boneless, uh, muscular, 0:19:00.640 --> 0:19:04.760 little weird things have a beak very similar to a parrot's, 0:19:07.000 --> 0:19:10.640 from the center of the underside of their head where 0:19:10.640 --> 0:19:12.959 all their legs come together. Yeah, it's in the up 0:19:13.000 --> 0:19:17.560 inside the mouth, and they don't have standard teeth per se, 0:19:17.640 --> 0:19:19.600 but they have the beak and they have something called 0:19:19.640 --> 0:19:23.760 a radula, which is a barbed tongue. And so basically 0:19:23.800 --> 0:19:26.480 they'll use the beak to crack a clam open and 0:19:28.359 --> 0:19:31.000 then they'll use the radula to like scrape out the 0:19:31.040 --> 0:19:34.280 meat like a little finger to scoop it out. And 0:19:34.320 --> 0:19:36.320 then the last thing I want you to say, because 0:19:36.320 --> 0:19:39.800 that's that's really awesome the cell very pepia. Yeah. Yeah, 0:19:39.840 --> 0:19:43.280 that's like this, um it's a bone. It's it's like 0:19:43.280 --> 0:19:47.000 a tooth covered organ that they can shoot out from 0:19:47.000 --> 0:19:51.040 between the beak, which by the way, is surrounded by lips. Yeah, 0:19:51.240 --> 0:19:54.920 they can shoot it out and drill into a shell. 0:19:55.040 --> 0:19:57.160 Like a shell they can't open. They'll just drill into 0:19:57.240 --> 0:20:01.600 it and suck out. Have you seen Starship? Ah, yeah, 0:20:01.880 --> 0:20:04.520 you remember the brain worm or the brain but yeah, 0:20:04.760 --> 0:20:08.760 it's based on the brains. Out to remind you of that. 0:20:09.840 --> 0:20:11.560 I think it's pretty cool. That they have those just 0:20:12.119 --> 0:20:14.200 those little it's like a little Swiss army knife. They're 0:20:14.240 --> 0:20:16.639 depending on what they want to use or what they 0:20:16.680 --> 0:20:18.800 need to use, they can just like use whatever tool 0:20:18.840 --> 0:20:21.720 that's inside their little mouth. And when they come upon pray, 0:20:22.720 --> 0:20:25.560 most likely what they'll do is they'll wrap their legs. 0:20:25.560 --> 0:20:28.240 They'll catch it like in a net, and then pull 0:20:28.280 --> 0:20:31.320 it close to them and and just envelop it completely 0:20:31.920 --> 0:20:35.119 and just go to town with it on with the 0:20:35.160 --> 0:20:39.200 beak right or one of the other tools. The other 0:20:39.240 --> 0:20:42.240 cool thing too about the salivarry papilla is that or 0:20:42.280 --> 0:20:47.760 papilla is it peppi or papilla papilla, tortilla tropella. Uh, 0:20:47.800 --> 0:20:51.560 they secrete that that thing secretes something that erodes the shell. 0:20:51.680 --> 0:20:54.280 So if it's like a really tough clan to get into, 0:20:54.320 --> 0:20:56.919 while they're drilling in, it secretes this thing that like 0:20:56.960 --> 0:20:59.320 erodes the shell as it's digging in to make it easier. 0:21:00.040 --> 0:21:03.720 It's just another amazing like evolutionary feet to me, How 0:21:03.760 --> 0:21:07.000 did you know octopuses were so interesting to select this article? 0:21:07.240 --> 0:21:09.399 I didn't. I think always thought they were cool looking. 0:21:09.760 --> 0:21:11.560 And I just happened upon the article and read the 0:21:11.600 --> 0:21:14.359 first page and it's like, yeah, this is the male 0:21:14.440 --> 0:21:17.480 pillow octopus. Gotcha, Yeah, we should talk about that. We 0:21:17.520 --> 0:21:19.960 definitely will. We will talk about that guy with reproduction, 0:21:19.960 --> 0:21:23.800 how about that. So first we're gonna talk about being born, 0:21:24.359 --> 0:21:29.160 and that feeding goes directly into that appropriately enough, because 0:21:29.400 --> 0:21:35.760 octopuses are masters at metabolizing food. Actually, an octopus, by 0:21:35.800 --> 0:21:39.080 the time it dies, it will weigh one third of 0:21:39.119 --> 0:21:41.520 all the food it's ever eaten. It puts food to 0:21:41.560 --> 0:21:44.840 the use. That well, yeah, and apparently, um, a young 0:21:44.880 --> 0:21:51.400 octopus grows body weight, increases its body weight five percent daily. 0:21:53.119 --> 0:21:55.480 That's crazy. And they don't know a lot about the 0:21:55.480 --> 0:21:58.399 the little baby octopus, but some of them, they do know, 0:21:58.440 --> 0:22:01.280 will like kind of float near the ser po says, tiny, 0:22:01.280 --> 0:22:04.520 tiny little specs and as they grow, they start to fall. 0:22:04.920 --> 0:22:07.760 And then some of them though, are born uh slightly 0:22:07.880 --> 0:22:11.640 larger like on the sea floor. But they're like they're 0:22:11.680 --> 0:22:14.480 on their own once they're born. That's yeah, once the well, 0:22:14.520 --> 0:22:17.520 let's let's talk of us back it up, reproduction, Chuck, 0:22:17.640 --> 0:22:21.400 how is that little thing born? So tell tell everybody 0:22:21.400 --> 0:22:25.199 about the male pillow octopus. Well, the male pillow octopus 0:22:25.440 --> 0:22:28.159 is uh, one of the cool things about it is 0:22:28.200 --> 0:22:32.160 that it's tiny, tiny, tiny, Um. How big is this thing? 0:22:32.840 --> 0:22:35.119 About a cent a couple of centimeters, a couple of 0:22:35.119 --> 0:22:38.080 centimeters long, weighs less than a graham the trick and 0:22:38.160 --> 0:22:39.920