Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you Should Know from House Stuff Works
Speaker 1: dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark.
Speaker 1: There's Charles W. Chuck Bryant. Jerry's over there not paying attention,
Speaker 1: which means it's time for stuff you should know. She
Speaker 1: just loved that you like jerked. I'm totally paying attention.
Speaker 1: I've cooled you in my dreams before Dawn joke the
Speaker 1: life out of you. You know what a song I've
Speaker 1: been seeing in my head all day and researching this
Speaker 1: what stool Boom from Waiting for Guffman. We's here stool Boom.
Speaker 1: That's all I'll say. But there's more lyrics to it. Yeah,
Speaker 1: I mean the whole joke. Remember, And no, I've never
Speaker 1: seen that one. Boy, I know. I can't believe I haven't. Guffman,
Speaker 1: is that invest In show? To me? Your tied for first? Yeah? Um,
Speaker 1: I could watch those just about any time, even though
Speaker 1: you haven't seen one of them. If it's anything like
Speaker 1: Best In Show, I'm sure I can watch it, and
Speaker 1: I assume it's virtually the same movie. Yeah. The joke
Speaker 1: in Gouffment is it's the anniversary of the town of
Speaker 1: this very small town and they weren't, so they do
Speaker 1: a stage musical about the history of the town and
Speaker 1: the town was sort of founded on this one guy
Speaker 1: who invented the stool, So the town had a stool boom,
Speaker 1: and they have this big number called stool Boom, and
Speaker 1: you know, of course it's the play on the poop. Well, dude,
Speaker 1: stool is a word that sticks out to you when
Speaker 1: you're researching poop. It is a weird word to use,
Speaker 1: and it's got this definitely quasi medico smack to it.
Speaker 1: But at the same time, it's also got a droopy,
Speaker 1: dangly quality to it that makes it like super appropriate stool. Yeah,
Speaker 1: just the way it sounds. Yeah, it sounds like the
Speaker 1: sound that poop makes coming out of your rectum stool,
Speaker 1: you know. And everyone who just turned off by that,
Speaker 1: you better skip this episode because we're talking about poop, buddy,
Speaker 1: And if you can't handle it, go hide your head
Speaker 1: under your bed and pretend you don't do it. You
Speaker 1: can't handle the poop? Yeah, do you like that famous
Speaker 1: line movie records? Uh? Yeah, I mean we'll go ahead
Speaker 1: and give the warning. Surely you're not gonna sit down
Speaker 1: with your lunch and click on whatever you title this one,
Speaker 1: it's gonna be poop is going to be in the
Speaker 1: title What's the Deal with Poop? Yeah, so just you know,
Speaker 1: we're gonna talk about poop and what it looks like
Speaker 1: and smells like, and what it should look and smell like,
Speaker 1: and qualities and and uh properties of its consistency. It's
Speaker 1: gonna be uh medically disgusting. We're gonna be drowning and
Speaker 1: poop in this episode. Yeah, but it's important because you
Speaker 1: can learn a lot from your poop. Yeah, and you
Speaker 1: should not ignore your poop. You should, um maybe not
Speaker 1: every time, but you should check in on your poop
Speaker 1: and look at it. Okay, So there's a couple of
Speaker 1: things regarding that, because that definitelyly is recommended. We used
Speaker 1: the um impart of Mercola article and um like, there
Speaker 1: was a lot of encouragement to stop and turn around
Speaker 1: and look at your poop before you flush, you know,
Speaker 1: smell the roses. Stop and take the time to smell
Speaker 1: the roses. Right, this is sort of like that, but
Speaker 1: it's poop. But hold your breath. No, you should smell it.
Speaker 1: I guess you should a little bit. I think it's
Speaker 1: more if you hold your breath and can still smell it.
Speaker 1: Then there's a problem. But there's also such a thing
Speaker 1: I think is paying too much attention to your poop.
Speaker 1: Like after researching this, I was like, oh, man, am
Speaker 1: I just letting it go? Is this too hard? Is
Speaker 1: this straining? Like? What's the problem here? Like, I I
Speaker 1: feel like I'm freaking out a little bit. So I
Speaker 1: think there's a certain uh, there's a certain something to
Speaker 1: be said about just chilling out about your poop. But yeah,
Speaker 1: keeping an eye on it once in a while, because
Speaker 1: if I learned one thing from researching this, it's that
Speaker 1: if suddenly your poop starts falling out of its normal patterns,
Speaker 1: whatever that may be. I thought you're gonna say, starts
Speaker 1: like falling out of your ear right, that's a big problem.
Speaker 1: Or like South Park, remember they pooped out of their mouths. Yeah. There,
Speaker 1: by the way, there is such a thing as fecal vomiting. Okay,
Speaker 1: well let's just get to that right now. What is
Speaker 1: It's when you were so impacted compacted, which which which
Speaker 1: you would be impacted as well. Um, your poop is
Speaker 1: so backed up in your colon that you actually regurgitate
Speaker 1: back up. But it does not come up looking like
Speaker 1: a stool. It doesn't matter. Um, it's not like you're
Speaker 1: I mean, it's so gross. I'm so sorry. Yeah, I
Speaker 1: mean it's it's it's digestive fluids that are behind the
Speaker 1: poop mainly. So it's not like can I say tired
Speaker 1: if you want, I find that an unpleasant word, But
Speaker 1: some people are stool. It's not like a stool comes
Speaker 1: out of your body. You can say the T word
Speaker 1: if you want. So, really, how is it just not
Speaker 1: vomiting then, because it's directly related to the backup of feces. Yeah,
Speaker 1: well those the ones that were hanging on just to
Speaker 1: see they're gone. Now it's just you and me, Chuck
Speaker 1: and Jerry. So anyway, if you if you, if your
Speaker 1: poop suddenly takes a strange turn and it stays that
Speaker 1: way for a little while, then it's time to really
Speaker 1: start paying attention to your poop. Maybe call a doctor
Speaker 1: if we look into the whole thing. But I don't
Speaker 1: overthink your poop too much. Just keep an eye on it.
Speaker 1: Uh yeah, And and it's like you said, there is
Speaker 1: a tremendous amount to be learned from your poop. As
Speaker 1: a matter of fact, in two thousand fourteen, some archaeologists
Speaker 1: in Denmark and Odense, Denmark, which is where Hans Christian
Speaker 1: Andersen's from, discovered a latrine, a buried latrine of barrels
Speaker 1: and barrels and barrels of seven hundred year old Danish
Speaker 1: poop from the town. And you know what, it still smelled. Yeah,
Speaker 1: and there as as a matter of fact, because of that,
Speaker 1: they're a to really start to dig into this quite
Speaker 1: literally and find you know, a lot out about their diet,
Speaker 1: about them, the evolution of human gut microbial Yeah, which
Speaker 1: we're gonna get into. Um, and there's a lot you
Speaker 1: can tell from it to you don't have to go
Speaker 1: digging around Denmark to learn about your own poop. You
Speaker 1: just have to look through the toilet. So to know
Speaker 1: what to look for, it's best to understand, well, just
Speaker 1: what a healthy poops you know. Yeah, well, let's let's
Speaker 1: get a couple of stats out of the way. Um,
Speaker 1: the average Joe and Jane produces about ten thousand pounds
Speaker 1: of poop in a lifetime. It's like five times. Right.
Speaker 1: Where did you find that? The only place I can
Speaker 1: find it was uber Facts And then this article that
Speaker 1: this the article that you said I thought was pretty reputable.
Speaker 1: I did too, but I couldn't find anywhere else except
Speaker 1: uber facts. Right, Well, how about this, we'll just caveat
Speaker 1: that with two people. Say that you produced ten thousand
Speaker 1: pounds in a lifetime five five tons, and poop is
Speaker 1: made of well, it's made of about seventy water, fiber,
Speaker 1: undigested foods. Water. Uh, already said water, fats, cholesterol, salt, phosphates, sollar, waste,
Speaker 1: dead and live bacteria. Yeah, about is dead bacteria. So
Speaker 1: that's you know, it's nasty, that's all. It's a lot
Speaker 1: of bacteria. The nasty stuff is the live stuff that
Speaker 1: you're shedding because it's not supposed to be in there.
Speaker 1: M hm. You know. Poop comes in many sizes and
Speaker 1: shapes and colors. Uh, and we're gonna get into those
Speaker 1: in more detail. So there's this awesome, awesome thing called
Speaker 1: the Bristol stool Scale, and it is an illustrative guide
Speaker 1: to what healthy poop looks like. And it's type one
Speaker 1: through seven. Type one looks like little deer poops. Uh.
Speaker 1: They're they're characterized as separate hard lumps like nuts and
Speaker 1: then in parentheses hard to pass ass and then then
Speaker 1: in parent seas again you know what I mean. Type two, Uh,
Speaker 1: sausage shaped but lumpy. That looks sort of like a
Speaker 1: baby roof, baby Ruth, which is why I think they
Speaker 1: use that in the movie Caddy shack Um. Type three
Speaker 1: and types three, four, and five is you ne we're
Speaker 1: in the sweet spot? Yeah, that's that's the good range
Speaker 1: of where you want to be. And apparently four is
Speaker 1: is the best poop of all. Dr Murcola calls it
Speaker 1: the holy Grail of poops. Type four. The type three
Speaker 1: is uh like a sausage as well, but with cracks
Speaker 1: on the surface, So I guess the sausage is not
Speaker 1: very well made, all right, it's a rustic sausage. Type
Speaker 1: four is just uh, it's the smooth, consistent surface. It's
Speaker 1: like a snake between one and two inches in diameter
Speaker 1: up to eighteen inches long. I hear that in my
Speaker 1: head spins. Yeah, that's a big it's a big poop. Yeah.
Speaker 1: And I also read that, um, literally, the perfect stool
Speaker 1: is the perfect is a number four and S shaped
Speaker 1: number four. Yeah. And the reason why it's shaped that
Speaker 1: way is because it's um developed into that S shape
Speaker 1: in your intestines, right. Yeah. And my brother, my amazing brother. Oh,
Speaker 1: I'm sure it makes a cash registers sound. When he
Speaker 1: used to send me pictures of his poops because he
Speaker 1: was very famous for his long poops and um, post
Speaker 1: some of those. We should make a gallery. Well, i'll
Speaker 1: have to. I mean, this is before digital photography. He
Speaker 1: would take a photo of get it developed and mail
Speaker 1: it to me in college. Man, that Scott, and one
Speaker 1: of him was a beautiful, perfectly shaped s. And he
Speaker 1: was like, look, I put my initial and um. But
Speaker 1: now I know and I can tell him if he
Speaker 1: doesn't listen to this one. That dude, you had the
Speaker 1: whole the Unicorn of poops. The long s. Yeah, he
Speaker 1: t s two in diameter, perfectly consistent. Exterre was tapered
Speaker 1: at both ends. It was gorgeous. And the color also
Speaker 1: is very important. I'm just tittering like a child. A
Speaker 1: light brown color is really what you're looking for. I
Speaker 1: think most people understand what poop's supposed to look like,
Speaker 1: and the reason it has that light brown color is
Speaker 1: from Bilirubin's, which are from Paul Rubens, from Paul Rubens
Speaker 1: Paul Billy Rubens um which are it's a pigment that
Speaker 1: comes from the breakdown of um red blood cells in
Speaker 1: the liver, so it breaks it down. Get some bilirubens.
Speaker 1: That's what makes We'll talk about color more in a minute,
Speaker 1: but I just couldn't wait. Type five, you're still in
Speaker 1: the pretty good zone if you're if you have soft
Speaker 1: blobs with clear cut edges. Still it's caused to be like,
Speaker 1: I can do better than this. If it breaks apart
Speaker 1: on impact, you're like, I can do better, and I
Speaker 1: can tell you exactly what you need to do to
Speaker 1: do better. We'll get to it, fiber man. Sorry. Type six, um,
Speaker 1: this is when you're heading towards um bad news. Fluffy
Speaker 1: pieces of poop with ragged edges and mushy means you hungover, Yeah,
Speaker 1: quite possibly. And number seven finally, watery, entirely liquid, no
Speaker 1: solid whatsoever, a k A chuck on antibiotics, which I
Speaker 1: call poop pills, which I've said before on the show.
Speaker 1: And by the way, the Bristol stool scale, we should
Speaker 1: give props to Dr Stephen Lewis and Dr Ken Heating
Speaker 1: of the University of Bristol. Go fighting. Yeah, was when
Speaker 1: they first published that thing. And you can find those.
Speaker 1: You see him in doctor's offices, certain kinds of doctors. Sure,
Speaker 1: my house, do you have one? Is it just right
Speaker 1: in front of the toilet? It was okay, but you
Speaker 1: means like, um, so, chuck, you said fiber was a
Speaker 1: big deal, And we're gonna talk about fiber a little
Speaker 1: a little more depth later on. But if you do
Speaker 1: have stool that is not sticking together, and it's really
Speaker 1: it's really you can't get past it. All you have
Speaker 1: to do is up your intake of fiber. There's two
Speaker 1: kinds of fiber. There's soluble fiber, which actually is absorbed
Speaker 1: and it's that slows down your poop process and it
Speaker 1: allows more nutrients to be absorbed from food good stuff.
Speaker 1: Then there's insoluble fiber, which is what most people think
Speaker 1: of like fiber like grains and things like that, that
Speaker 1: actually isn't digested by you. It actually becomes food for
Speaker 1: the gut bacteria later on down the down the road,
Speaker 1: which is great, but you want to keep them alive.
Speaker 1: It also has the added benefit of bulking your poop
Speaker 1: up and acting like a sort of glue that keeps
Speaker 1: your poop together. You know that one long, perfectly smooth
Speaker 1: eighteen inch uh two inch diameter as shaped snake. Uh,
Speaker 1: if it is softer but not completely diarrhea like off
Speaker 1: serve ice cream. Uh. Maybe lactose intolerance, which is something
Speaker 1: I suffer from. Really yeah a little bit, not terribly,
Speaker 1: but you love ice cream? Yeah, I mean it only
Speaker 1: really hits me hard if I have like a lot
Speaker 1: of lactose in a single meal. Like if I have
Speaker 1: a lot of cheese, fight like a cheese pizza and
Speaker 1: top it off with an ice cream sunday, it's bad news.
Speaker 1: So I just don't do that, or I do and
Speaker 1: I know what's coming, but it just can't help myself.
Speaker 1: Or if you use artificial sweeteners that can cause your
Speaker 1: stools to be looser than normal, or if you have
Speaker 1: some sort of gluten gluten intolerance or celiac um that
Speaker 1: can hurt your make your poop looser as well and
Speaker 1: wreck all kinds of things in your body. We need
Speaker 1: to do one artificial sweeteners, man, Yeah, we should probably
Speaker 1: maybe revisit gluten. I know we did that one, but
Speaker 1: that was a while ago. Gets done? Is it done? Right?
Speaker 1: Have we ever done lactose intolerance? I don't. I don't
Speaker 1: think so now, really, I'm surprised we haven't done milk.
Speaker 1: There's a lot of cool stuff with that. Like, you know,
Speaker 1: there's different kinds of milk depending on where you are
Speaker 1: in the world, and they think that that has to
Speaker 1: do with lactose intolerance. Is like type A or type
Speaker 1: B milk. It's pretty interesting stuff. Yeah, And did you
Speaker 1: know that skim milk has an additional like chemical additive.
Speaker 1: It has a lot of high freak toast corn syrup
Speaker 1: in it. Yeah, because when you take that's the whole
Speaker 1: secret to low fat. That's why low fat stuff made
Speaker 1: everybody tubby and gave everyone diabetes, because when you take
Speaker 1: the fat out of stuff, there goes the taste too,
Speaker 1: So you have to bring some taste back with high
Speaker 1: freak toast corn syrup. That has nothing to do with
Speaker 1: the fat content. It just gives it some flavor. But
Speaker 1: it also is sugar added sugar. Yeah, there's also some
Speaker 1: other additive that you need. I don't drink a ton
Speaker 1: of milk anymore, but I started drinking whole milk again
Speaker 1: and it is so delicious. What is it doing to
Speaker 1: you if your lactose intolerant? How did you reintroduce milk
Speaker 1: into your diet. No, that's the thing. Like I can
Speaker 1: drink a glass of milk or eat a bowl of
Speaker 1: cereal or something. It doesn't wreck me or anything like
Speaker 1: it has to be a cheese pizza followed by a
Speaker 1: Sunday Yeah, just too much, you know, And a glass
Speaker 1: of milk isn't too much. I'm lactose. Um, I think
Speaker 1: semi intolerant. Or if you're an optimist, in the glass
Speaker 1: of milk is half full, your lactose semi toolerant. Yeah,
Speaker 1: there you go, we'll call you that. All right, Well,
Speaker 1: let's take a break here, you read my mind. Let's
Speaker 1: gather ourselves, and we're gonna come back and talk a
Speaker 1: little bit about, uh, the difference between healthy and unhealthy stools.
Speaker 1: All right, Josh, you want to talk what a good
Speaker 1: healthy stool looks like? Yeah, and by proxy, and unhealthy
Speaker 1: stool as well. So we go back and forth. No,
Speaker 1: I think we should go healthy unhealthy. Okay, that's that's
Speaker 1: how I think it'd be best. Alright, are you cool
Speaker 1: with that? I'm great with it. So healthy stool? Um,
Speaker 1: you already said medium to light brown. It's pretty good. Um.
Speaker 1: Different colors can mean different things. Uh, sometimes it's not
Speaker 1: a big deal. Like if you eight beats the night
Speaker 1: before you're pooping red, don't fret and think I have
Speaker 1: internal bleeding. It's just the beats. Have you seen that
Speaker 1: Portland you or they like dispatchers but they're like, did
Speaker 1: you have beats? And the person's like yes, They're like
Speaker 1: it's the beats, Like it's always the beats, yeah, no
Speaker 1: matter what it is. Like Jeff Goldboom gets in a
Speaker 1: car wreck and he's like, I need some help and
Speaker 1: he's like, I'm covered in red stuff and they're like
Speaker 1: it's beats and he looks and he's like, oh, I
Speaker 1: did run into a beat truck. How do you know that?
Speaker 1: And then they hang up on him and he's like,
Speaker 1: I still need help. That's a great one. I haven't
Speaker 1: seen that. Uh, or you know, like, um, I know
Speaker 1: from experience, too much red wine believe it or not,
Speaker 1: can cause uh, like black poop a little distressing. If
Speaker 1: you have black tari poop from what I read um
Speaker 1: where it's like literally sticky, you probably and it's this
Speaker 1: is this is something you've started to notice about your poop?
Speaker 1: It probably or it could mean that you're bleeding internally
Speaker 1: and it's not good. That's not good. All right, let's
Speaker 1: go back to healthy stools. Yeah, I thought that's what
Speaker 1: we're gonna do. Yeah, I met him to light brown, um,
Speaker 1: soft and smooth and not a lot of pieces. Like
Speaker 1: we mentioned that as shape is just amazing. If you
Speaker 1: can do that on a regular basis, should keep a
Speaker 1: little crown in your bathroom. Just don't dole it out
Speaker 1: all the time. You know, it's not a participant ribbon.
Speaker 1: I really want to save it for the right one. Uh.
Speaker 1: And listen up too, because here's something I didn't know.
Speaker 1: How the poop falls into the toilet, and whether it
Speaker 1: floats or not is a thing. So it says in't
Speaker 1: here the slightest, little gentle woosh, not a big cannonball
Speaker 1: splash like an Olympic diver going into a pool, a
Speaker 1: well executed dive, right, not one where they lean a
Speaker 1: little too far. No, no, like like just a yeah,
Speaker 1: yeah it's supposed to. Uh, And then I think the
Speaker 1: floating deal. If it floats, it may be that you're
Speaker 1: eating too much fat, which means could be a sign
Speaker 1: of malabsorption. Well, yeah, it could mean that you're eating
Speaker 1: a normal amount of fat, but your body is not
Speaker 1: absorbing it, and that could be a digestive issue or
Speaker 1: could be pancreat pancreatitis. It could be some problems again
Speaker 1: if it's not becoming evident yet. There's a lot of stuff,
Speaker 1: a lot of information you can glean from your poop. Yeah,
Speaker 1: and if floaters are fun and cute because you can
Speaker 1: poke them and play with them, right, but you really
Speaker 1: want a sinker? Do you still have that bathroom stick
Speaker 1: I got you for Christmas, the poking stick? Oh yeah, yeah,
Speaker 1: I thought that was a backscratcher. It's a boot poker. Yeah,
Speaker 1: for floaters. Well I could use it for both were
Speaker 1: eight right now? Oh boy? All right, unhealthy poop? Did
Speaker 1: we finish healthy? Ribbon like or pencil like? That's not good.
Speaker 1: That can be bad news. That could mean you have
Speaker 1: some sort of instruction, maybe a tumor sort of matching
Speaker 1: things together. And again, once in a while something happens
Speaker 1: like this. You don't need to go call nine wine,
Speaker 1: but just keep an eye on it. Yeah, because it's
Speaker 1: just the beats. That's what they would tell you. Right
Speaker 1: You covered a black and tari bright red is also
Speaker 1: not a good sign. It could be a medication. Apparently,
Speaker 1: black liquorice can cause black and tory poop. Yeah, if
Speaker 1: you're if you're eating black liquors though, your gross person,
Speaker 1: and you should stop that. I don't like any of
Speaker 1: that stuff, black or any like red vines and twizzlers. Uh,
Speaker 1: you don't like any liquors. Well, Emily loves which is
Speaker 1: the superior one? Twizzlers. I think it's the twizzlers she loves.
Speaker 1: She may think red vines are there's a lot of
Speaker 1: people that do a twizzler uh twizzler head. Okay, good
Speaker 1: for her, but um, I just I've never gotten it.
Speaker 1: I don't get it. Gummy bears and stuff, they just
Speaker 1: I don't like those. Those are like a totally different
Speaker 1: thing then in the texture kind of the same. No, no,
Speaker 1: not really, I don't like any of it. Chewy, I guess,
Speaker 1: but yeah, no, not really. Not a fan. You should
Speaker 1: try him. You should also try licorice and gummy bears
Speaker 1: next to each other so you can suss out the
Speaker 1: difference because they're not the same thing. Well, the point
Speaker 1: is I don't like either one. Uh No, So white
Speaker 1: pale or gray stools is no good. That may mean
Speaker 1: you have a lack of bile or a variety of diseases,
Speaker 1: from cirrhosis to hepatitis. Yeah, you want to be producing
Speaker 1: bile um. If you have white stool. It could also
Speaker 1: mean that somebody slipped you a little barry Um sulfate
Speaker 1: and gave you an X ray. Oh yeah, okay, So
Speaker 1: if you've drank barry Um self sulfate recently and you
Speaker 1: have white poop, it's probably not cause for alarm. They'll
Speaker 1: probably tell you that I would hope so, but just
Speaker 1: in case somebody got allowsy, medical provider, we're here to
Speaker 1: help you. Yellow is no good, right, yeah, Gilbert syndrome,
Speaker 1: which means that you're um. Your liver is not processing
Speaker 1: the bilirubins, so they're not breaking down and turning your
Speaker 1: poop brown. They're passing through intact and in dyeing your
Speaker 1: poop yellow. Gilbart Huh not Gilbert, Thank goodness for the
Speaker 1: Mayo clinic. Gilbert h Yellow stool could also be giardia
Speaker 1: or problems with your gallbladder, and then mucus chuck. So
Speaker 1: if you look closely at your especially if you open
Speaker 1: it up with your poking stick, you're gonna find that
Speaker 1: there's some mucus associated with it. Um a small amount
Speaker 1: of mucus is totally normal. You're intestines actually produced mucus
Speaker 1: um to coat your colon so that it helps smooth
Speaker 1: the stool through, right, Um, So of course your stool
Speaker 1: is going to be coated in a little bit of mucus.
Speaker 1: If you've noticed that all of a sudden, Um, it
Speaker 1: looks like someone snotted all over your poop. And this
Speaker 1: is a new development that is caused for concern because
Speaker 1: there are conditions where you you can overproduce mucus um
Speaker 1: and it can be a problem odor. Here's what to
Speaker 1: look for. All your poop is gonna sneak somewhat because poop. Yeah,
Speaker 1: bacteria chew on undigestive food and produce gases as a byproduct,
Speaker 1: and that creates the stinky poop smell. That's right. But
Speaker 1: apparently if it is really bad and they qualified quantified
Speaker 1: this as over above and beyond the normal stinky poop smell,
Speaker 1: if it could make a billy go puke very nice
Speaker 1: first blood reference, Um, it could be some other issues
Speaker 1: at play if it's really that bad. Malabsorption again, celiac crones,
Speaker 1: chronic pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis. Yeah, and I don't you know.
Speaker 1: I guess that's subjective. I think the key and all
Speaker 1: of this that I've read is look for big changes.
Speaker 1: So that's the key. Yeah. If if your poop is
Speaker 1: normally just pretty stinky, and then all of a sudden
Speaker 1: you are revolting yourself, then you could have something else
Speaker 1: going on. Or if your pet billy goat is just
Speaker 1: throwing up everywhere every time you go, that's a that's
Speaker 1: a big change too. And again, you yourself, you have
Speaker 1: your own pooping rhythm, you have your own pooping thing,
Speaker 1: and a lot of people wonder how often are you
Speaker 1: supposed to poop, and apparently it's a very wide range,
Speaker 1: anywhere from three times a week, who three times a day?
Speaker 1: So I think that that washes out which one about
Speaker 1: three times a day? Okay, that's yeah, I don't I
Speaker 1: don't have normal. But then again, if you said three
Speaker 1: times a week, that'd be normal too. Yeah. I've never
Speaker 1: had issues with getting backed up and having troubles, which
Speaker 1: it's thank goodness, terrible, you know, I think, Well, never mind,
Speaker 1: so I won't reveal too much about my family. All
Speaker 1: of that washes out to about once a day on average,
Speaker 1: But that's kind of a. Um, that's a that's a
Speaker 1: terrible thing to average out because it makes people think, well,
Speaker 1: I do it three times a day or I do
Speaker 1: it three times a week, So really anywhere between there
Speaker 1: is normal. Yeah, and different things can cause you to
Speaker 1: get backed up. Um, if you're traveling a lot sometimes Uh,
Speaker 1: it hadn't happened to me, but I've seen it before
Speaker 1: on vacations. Um when uh, you know, beloved family members
Speaker 1: have trouble pooping while they travel. Um. Whether that's from
Speaker 1: being in a different you know, not wanting to poop
Speaker 1: in like a public restroom. That's part of it. To
Speaker 1: just changes in your diet and your circadian rhythm because
Speaker 1: of jet light, absolutely, hormonal fluctuations, how much sleep you're getting. Um,
Speaker 1: what else if you're sick right, Um, all those things
Speaker 1: can add up. And apparently age has a lot to
Speaker 1: do with it as well. If you are sixty five
Speaker 1: and over something like people over sixty five have some
Speaker 1: sort of um constipation, it's just part of growing old,
Speaker 1: they think. Um, which sucks because if you can go
Speaker 1: three times a day and you're snapping while you do,
Speaker 1: you're a lot happier than if you are over sixty
Speaker 1: five and constipated. There's a lot of problems with constipation. Initially,
Speaker 1: there's just the problem of straining when you go, which
Speaker 1: is not fun. Um. There is not feeling like you
Speaker 1: have fully eliminated everything that needs to go. Apparently you
Speaker 1: can feel sluggish after you go. It's weird. There's that
Speaker 1: defecation sink peh I said correctly this time. UM. And
Speaker 1: then there's larger, larger problems like after a while, your
Speaker 1: your digestive system is okay to hold about a week's
Speaker 1: worth of food at one time if it needs to,
Speaker 1: it doesn't want to, you can um. Once you go
Speaker 1: beyond that, or even if um, you are eliminating but
Speaker 1: not eliminating everything, it starts to build up and you're constipated.
Speaker 1: You can have an impacted colon, and then the real
Speaker 1: joy begins. Yes and me pain. Yeah. They they will
Speaker 1: go in with a mineral oil and I'm gonna start.
Speaker 1: That doesn't work, they may go in and manually break
Speaker 1: up your poop, which is exactly what it sounds like.
Speaker 1: Thank you for demonstrating that with your hand. You're very welcome. Uh.
Speaker 1: And then if that doesn't work, they may surgically remove
Speaker 1: the poop. From your your digestive syste man, it's not
Speaker 1: good not poop. We're gonna talk about some ways to
Speaker 1: help yourself. If you're one of those people who poops
Speaker 1: less than you'd like to, or you find yourself constipated
Speaker 1: a lot, we're gonna help you out right after this, alright. Uh.
Speaker 1: It takes about um between eighteen and seventy two hours
Speaker 1: for your food to become poop and for you to
Speaker 1: pass it in general. Uh. And if that's shortened, that's
Speaker 1: when you're going to get the diarrhea because that means
Speaker 1: your intestines hasn't uh didn't have enough time to absorb
Speaker 1: the water to make that poop more dense. Yeah, And
Speaker 1: we talked a lot about that in the The Digestive
Speaker 1: System episode, which was great. Yeah. We also did one
Speaker 1: in fecal transplants. Yeah, but we haven't still, in my opinion,
Speaker 1: focused enough on just the poop, which is why we're
Speaker 1: doing this one. Thank you. We need a poop spotlight. Uh.
Speaker 1: And then constipation is the opposite that has when too
Speaker 1: much water has been absorbed, and that's that those hard
Speaker 1: uh hard stools and hard to pass stools, which you
Speaker 1: can lead to uh to Uh, hemorrhoids. It can so. Um.
Speaker 1: Hemorrhoids is the result of swollen veins in your anus
Speaker 1: and wreckthum. Not awesome at all. No, I had them
Speaker 1: bad once. It's no fun so and it can be
Speaker 1: very painful. Uh. And it makes you not want to
Speaker 1: go because you have to strain. It's like a vicious circle, right,
Speaker 1: Like you have to strain, but it hurts to strain
Speaker 1: because it makes your hemorrhoids worse. And then you um
Speaker 1: don't want to go at all, so you avoid going,
Speaker 1: which is a cardinal sin as far as staying regular goes.
Speaker 1: When you get the urge to go, you go. You
Speaker 1: don't hold it. It doesn't matter if you're a truck
Speaker 1: stop or uh at the Queen of England's house, you go.
Speaker 1: I would love to poop there, right So. Um. The
Speaker 1: hemorrhoids will eventually clear up with treatment especially but um,
Speaker 1: it's it's a it's a part of the problem with
Speaker 1: being constipated, as you can very easily get hemorrhoids. Yeah.
Speaker 1: The key is really tried and not strain even though
Speaker 1: you really want to get the poop out is just
Speaker 1: gonna make it all worse. Um. So that's easier said
Speaker 1: than done. Sugar, Like, what do you do if you
Speaker 1: are constipated or you don't poop as often as you'd
Speaker 1: like to. What are some of the fixes for that. Well,
Speaker 1: they don't advise you to run out and start using
Speaker 1: laxatives immediately. Uh, that's sort of a last resort home remedy,
Speaker 1: which is crazy because laxatives are marketed in a way
Speaker 1: that makes it seem like you have trouble poop, take
Speaker 1: a laxative, will be fine, And that's actually they're They're
Speaker 1: supposed to be a last resort option, like a nuclear
Speaker 1: option basically, because well, the they they train your the
Speaker 1: muscles in your intestines to rely on them and to
Speaker 1: basically get weak, and you need to keep those things strong. Yes,
Speaker 1: uh more tipsy eat whole foods. We're talking fresh veggies,
Speaker 1: fresh fruits. Um, fiber is I mean you should have
Speaker 1: I think an adult I think they recommend now between
Speaker 1: twenty five and thirty five grams of fiber per day. Yeah,
Speaker 1: but we're getting like ten yea and Miracola suggests fifty
Speaker 1: grams of fiber per thousand calories we consume a day. Yeah,
Speaker 1: that's a lot. Yeah, that guy's got cold and blow.
Speaker 1: Do you remember that saturright Live commercial? Yeah, that's a classic. Um.
Speaker 1: So the fiber you want should come from not grains,
Speaker 1: but from vegetables. Um. Like we mentioned those artificial sweeteners.
Speaker 1: Too much sugar MSG, too much caffeine, and too much
Speaker 1: processed food that can all reek havoc on your system. Uh.
Speaker 1: And this is all just good for just health and
Speaker 1: digestive health in general. Exactly. You know, Um, did you
Speaker 1: say exercise? Not yet? That's a big one. Exercise not
Speaker 1: only gets things moving, it also um. Usually when you exercise,
Speaker 1: one of the things you're doing is working on your core,
Speaker 1: whether you mean to or not, kind of the center
Speaker 1: of all of the rest of the muscles you're moving.
Speaker 1: And when you're working on your core, you're inadvertently strengthening
Speaker 1: those intestinal muscles that help that choreograph dance of moving
Speaker 1: your food into your poop and along and out of
Speaker 1: your poop shot is what it's called. Uh, staying hydrated.
Speaker 1: If you're not drinking um enough water, that's not gonna
Speaker 1: do any favors in the poop department. Um. If you
Speaker 1: are addicted to pain killers, one of the awful side effects,
Speaker 1: aside from being addicted to a drug, is you're gonna
Speaker 1: have a real hard time pooping. Yeah, because it relaxes
Speaker 1: those muscles too. Yeah, they need that help, they sure do.
Speaker 1: They're they're out there wearing sunglasses, laying on a chaise
Speaker 1: lounge at like two in the afternoon, like the rest
Speaker 1: of your body when you're on those things. Uh, and
Speaker 1: then you look at the let's talk a little bit
Speaker 1: about the toilet, the shape of the modern toilet. By
Speaker 1: the way, Strickland and I did a tech stuff on
Speaker 1: toilets that was really fascinating. Yeah. Yeah, it's it's counterintuitive
Speaker 1: to how your body should be positioned to poop. You
Speaker 1: should not. We did not evolve to poop sitting at
Speaker 1: a ninety degree angle as if on a chair. Um.
Speaker 1: I've said it before on the show. When I go camping,
Speaker 1: you go out in the woods, you know, you walk
Speaker 1: a little bit away from where your friends are at
Speaker 1: least three or four at least three or four. You
Speaker 1: squat down, And that's the most natural way to poop.
Speaker 1: It's effortless. It comes right out there's you don't even
Speaker 1: think about pushing or straining. It just it. I believe
Speaker 1: what it does, doesn't It straightened out the path way,
Speaker 1: so it relaxes your pubo wreck talus muscle, which, yeah,
Speaker 1: which straightens out your your calling which basically says stool
Speaker 1: release right there on the leaves. It's wonderful. And well,
Speaker 1: do you remember when we were talking about India's like
Speaker 1: defication problem like outdoor defication problems on Internet roundup years back,
Speaker 1: and they were saying one of the big things they
Speaker 1: were running up against is that people who live in
Speaker 1: rural areas say this is one of the benefits of
Speaker 1: wholesome rural living. It's getting to poop outside. Man, get
Speaker 1: off my back. I can understand where they're coming from. Yeah,
Speaker 1: So there are are things you can add to your toilets. Now, um,
Speaker 1: a little um to raise your feet stools, Yeah, ironically
Speaker 1: little footstools. Uh, not to buzz market too much, but
Speaker 1: I know the squatty potty is something that it's neatly
Speaker 1: in front of your toilet and basically it just gets
Speaker 1: you more in that squatted position than you are normally
Speaker 1: on your toilet. And this used to be the domain
Speaker 1: of strictly the Whole Earth Catalog or something like that.
Speaker 1: But you can find those things that like bed bath
Speaker 1: and beyond. Now, yeah, I think people are kind of
Speaker 1: catching on. It's it's a better, a better way to poop. Yeah,
Speaker 1: so you can still use your toilet, you know, the
Speaker 1: squat it just it does the squatting for you by
Speaker 1: lifting up your legs. It's like you're giving birth basically,
Speaker 1: it's still no substitution for actually squatting right on the ground,
Speaker 1: which I mean in Japan they have toilets that are
Speaker 1: made for squatting exclusively. Oh, it's it's just like a
Speaker 1: hole in the floor. It's kind of like it's it's
Speaker 1: a lot like a urinal on the ground. Interesting. Yeah,
Speaker 1: so it's not it's not, uh, vertically oriented, it's horizontally oriented,
Speaker 1: but it's it looks just like a urinal. So when
Speaker 1: you go to like an old city park and the
Speaker 1: kernal has fallen off onto the ground and needs squatt
Speaker 1: and poop in that, Japan, it's the same thing, right,
Speaker 1: all right, it's a kind of like that. Imagine that.
Speaker 1: But the cleanest experience you could ever imagine. Even even
Speaker 1: their squatting toilets are clean in Japan, I believe it's uh.
Speaker 1: And here's a little tip if you want to avoid hemorrhoids,
Speaker 1: or if you just want to live a cleaner, more
Speaker 1: sanitary life, get a bid day. I know, I talked
Speaker 1: about it when I installed my little unit. They can
Speaker 1: you know they have them, Well, you can attach them
Speaker 1: to your regular toilet now. Yeah, it's just like with
Speaker 1: like a TA line or something off of your water
Speaker 1: so yeah, and it sits under your toilet seat and
Speaker 1: it's uh, spring loaded, so when you turn the water on,
Speaker 1: this little nozzle pops out right up your right up
Speaker 1: your butt. And um, I've long campaigned against toilet paper,
Speaker 1: and now that I have a baby, it's even more apparent.
Speaker 1: It's just it makes no sense to me that you
Speaker 1: have a baby and you're like, well, yeah, you use
Speaker 1: wet wipes because that's how you should clean poop. And
Speaker 1: then you get to a certain age you're like, all right,
Speaker 1: let's just go with dry paper now, like forget the
Speaker 1: superior wet method. Well, the thing is, it just doesn't
Speaker 1: make any sense. Why would you move to dry wipe
Speaker 1: feces from your butt with a dry piece of paper. Like,
Speaker 1: I understand what you're saying, it's nonsensical, but our sewer
Speaker 1: systems in the United States are not set up to
Speaker 1: accept wet wipes. Well that's why you have the bidet. Okay,
Speaker 1: no wipes, I mean dab dabit dry with a couple
Speaker 1: of squares. But I'm telling you it'll change your life.
Speaker 1: It's it's amazing. I have a feeling the people with
Speaker 1: bid days are going to be the first with their
Speaker 1: backs up against the wall when like resource conflicts breakout
Speaker 1: over water throughout the world. They'll be like, you're doing
Speaker 1: what with that water? Do use toilet paper? Well that's
Speaker 1: what they say. If that happens and it's not a
Speaker 1: ton of water, you'll turn it off, but you'll be crying,
Speaker 1: shutting it tear goodbye by day. See you in a
Speaker 1: hundred and fifty years. Uh, where are you? What else
Speaker 1: we got? We're pretty far off. Oh the microbiome. We
Speaker 1: should talk about that. And we did a great podcast
Speaker 1: on the microbiome, if we do say so ourselves. Yeah,
Speaker 1: it was a good one. And um. What they have
Speaker 1: found is that the modern diet, where you're not eating
Speaker 1: nearly as much fiber as you should and you're eating
Speaker 1: more processed foods, is not only just impacting your short
Speaker 1: term digestive uh, degrading your short term digestive health, but
Speaker 1: it's affecting your microbiome, which you know, if you listen,
Speaker 1: could also affect your children and your children's children's. That
Speaker 1: was another good one. Can your grandfather's diet shorten your life?
Speaker 1: So fiber is great, it's hard to digest um so
Speaker 1: it doesn't break down fully, and that's what you want
Speaker 1: when it's going through your colon because, like you said earlier,
Speaker 1: the bacteria feeds on that, and you want to keep
Speaker 1: that bacteria alive because it's great for you. This is
Speaker 1: a Mental Floss article that we were working off of, right,
Speaker 1: I think. So they were talking about a study from
Speaker 1: Stanford that found that they can they've created mice that
Speaker 1: are are microbe free, which is beyond bizarre. I don't
Speaker 1: understand how they stay alive for even a second. But
Speaker 1: then they fed these these two populations of mice both
Speaker 1: MicroB free UM high fiber diet and the same diet
Speaker 1: with low fiber and no fiber I think, and they
Speaker 1: found that UM the with the microbes in the mice
Speaker 1: that had a high fiber diet, they had like three
Speaker 1: times more UM diversity in their microbiome than the what
Speaker 1: the other mice developed yeah, I think, uh, you to
Speaker 1: mention they were microbe free and then they put human
Speaker 1: microbes in there. So it's so then the human microbiome
Speaker 1: was reduced by in the mice with the low fiber diet,
Speaker 1: and if they if they change that diet after a
Speaker 1: number of weeks, it could partially recover, but only partially.
Speaker 1: It can never fully recover. Yeah, so the upset they
Speaker 1: did say poop transplants are a viable way of taking uh,
Speaker 1: microbial colonies and and like diverse microbial colonies from a
Speaker 1: healthy person and putting them in an unhealthy person, right,
Speaker 1: and then you can get it all back. But the
Speaker 1: point of this was is that like our diet is
Speaker 1: largely based on a almost a fiber free model, Like
Speaker 1: we eat very little fruits and vegetables, and apparently we're
Speaker 1: supposed to be eating something like ten to twenty cups
Speaker 1: of of fruits and vegetables of high fiber um foods
Speaker 1: a day, ten to twenty cups. When's the last time
Speaker 1: you ate twenty cups of fruit and vegetables in a day? So, right,
Speaker 1: and exactly, And then the even the other stuff that
Speaker 1: the bad type of fibers stuff we get from grains,
Speaker 1: the grains that were eating have most of the fiber removed,
Speaker 1: Like bleached flower has virtually no fiber in it, So
Speaker 1: we're not getting a lot of fiber. And it's becoming
Speaker 1: increasingly apparent that not only do we need it so
Speaker 1: we can better our microbiomes, needed so they can make
Speaker 1: us better. Serotonin, higher quality serotonine is what you're looking for. Yeah,
Speaker 1: there's a big push for um against white foods um,
Speaker 1: white flower, just you know, apparently most white things, white
Speaker 1: sugar not great for you. You wanted to cover some
Speaker 1: of these weapons, I really mainly just wanted to talk
Speaker 1: about the guy in Northern Canada, Oh, the Inuit. Yeah,
Speaker 1: all right, well quickly, this is from Vice, and there
Speaker 1: was a list of history Brown Death calling a history
Speaker 1: of poop as a weapon, and they list out some
Speaker 1: times throughout history where people have like put poop on
Speaker 1: the end of their arrows or literally launched poops in
Speaker 1: a like a poop exploding poop bomb to make people
Speaker 1: sick and uh infected poop. The Soviets had a method
Speaker 1: of getting rid of poop in a tank. Basically, you know,
Speaker 1: when you're in the tank and you're going along, you
Speaker 1: got a poop, so they said, well, let's just turn
Speaker 1: it into a weapon. Yeah, pooping the artillery and launch
Speaker 1: it out. But this one about an Inuit man who
Speaker 1: lived in the nineteen fifties. Apparently he appeared in a
Speaker 1: TED talk by Wade Davis and he was the guy
Speaker 1: who did the Serpent in the Rainbow. Okay, I knew
Speaker 1: the name. It's amazing. Um. He said that this guy
Speaker 1: was basically left by some Canadians to starve to death
Speaker 1: in Arctic Bay right in northern Canada. Apparently in the
Speaker 1: nineteen fifties, Canada forced Inuite people into settlement camps way
Speaker 1: in the High Arctic zone and it was basically like
Speaker 1: here's a couple of dogs, good luck dying, and that
Speaker 1: was it. That Inuit all there was like, I'm going
Speaker 1: to survive this one. It's not my first rodeo because
Speaker 1: I'm going to you know how, it's super cold outside.
Speaker 1: I'm gonna go outside and poop, and as my poop freezes,
Speaker 1: I'm gonna fashion it into a knife and then your
Speaker 1: face is going to be red because I'm gonna use
Speaker 1: that knife to kill one of these dogs and use
Speaker 1: it for meat. Yeah, that that part made me sad,
Speaker 1: of course, but it was for survival. And I think
Speaker 1: we didn't mention that they took all of his duels
Speaker 1: um away from him, so he didn't have the knife, right.
Speaker 1: He just had himself, his poop and the two dogs
Speaker 1: until he fashioned his own poop knife frozen poop knife. Yeah,
Speaker 1: and he butchered one of the dogs, used it for
Speaker 1: food for him and the other dog, and basically turned
Speaker 1: that dog into a sled, use the other dog to
Speaker 1: pull said sled, and high tailed it down to saying antone.
Speaker 1: I was waiting for the end when he like then
Speaker 1: stabbed members of Canada's government with poop with the poop knife.
Speaker 1: But that didn't happen. Uh. He didn't have any sour grapes.
Speaker 1: He just said it is what it is. I'm just
Speaker 1: glad I got out and frozen poop Knife is not
Speaker 1: a good band name. Um, And I feel bad for
Speaker 1: saying this because I love these guys. But there's a
Speaker 1: band end called Diarrhea Planet that are great. What do
Speaker 1: they sound like, Oh, it's just a wall of guitar.
Speaker 1: They've got like four guitar players. Uh, and it's just
Speaker 1: really good. But it's the worst name ever. And I
Speaker 1: don't know why someone hasn't said, guys, just do yourself
Speaker 1: a favor, like you're not helping yourselves here in your
Speaker 1: career by calling yourself diarrhea planet. So that just if
Speaker 1: you're listening, guys, change it to frozen poop knife and
Speaker 1: thank me later. Ah. I want to say before we
Speaker 1: sign off, you've got anything else? Nope, I want to say, Um,
Speaker 1: I want to hear your euphemisms for poop, for pooping,
Speaker 1: like dropping a deuce? Yeah, something like that. You've got
Speaker 1: any clever ones that I haven't heard before? Love to
Speaker 1: hear them. Yeah, yeah, I've always thought it take it
Speaker 1: dump was weird? You're leaving a dump? Yeah, but even
Speaker 1: still this is gross? Yet, what do you say? That's
Speaker 1: what you say? I'm going to evacuate my bowels. You've
Speaker 1: heard me say that before. I think I have actually, um, yeah,
Speaker 1: very medical. While you're sending us those, go ahead and
Speaker 1: go on over to how stuff works dot com and
Speaker 1: type in uh poop in the search bar and it'll
Speaker 1: bring up some cool stuff. Uh. And since I said poop,
Speaker 1: it's time for a listener, mate. I'm gonna call this
Speaker 1: um listener mail. The Josh picked out. Hey, guys, started
Speaker 1: listening to you a couple of years ago. Since then,
Speaker 1: I'm blown through almost every episode. The reason to say
Speaker 1: almost is because I didn't keep track of which episodes
Speaker 1: I listened to from the beginning, so I constantly have
Speaker 1: to go through all the old episodes to figure out
Speaker 1: which ones I already heard which ones I hadn't. The
Speaker 1: reason I mentioned this is because I noticed something. What
Speaker 1: he started doing is keeping track basically, and he said
Speaker 1: I noticed something curious is to start listening to only
Speaker 1: new episodes almost exactly the next day after a new show.
Speaker 1: I noticed that whatever topic you covered has made its
Speaker 1: way to me in some other form. Usually this comes
Speaker 1: in the form of a Reddit post or a Mashable,
Speaker 1: uh in Gadget or gives Moto article the latest such
Speaker 1: currencies from your episode on cryotherapy. Go to end Gadget,
Speaker 1: you will find that today there was a post talking
Speaker 1: about the subject. Article covers exactly what you two had
Speaker 1: already covered. I call this the Chuck and Josh effect. Yeah,
Speaker 1: and usually barrate my wife about how I just listen
Speaker 1: to you to talk about the subject. I'm sure it's
Speaker 1: been happening for quite a while, but It's always fun
Speaker 1: to see new articles pop up from subjects you just covered.
Speaker 1: You have a big influence on the interwebs and what
Speaker 1: information gets passed around. I don't know if it's due
Speaker 1: to us or coincidence. I coincidence. We're inspiring. I had
Speaker 1: tickets to see you in New York City last time
Speaker 1: you're here, but unfortunately if beloved dog Henry passed away
Speaker 1: that day. Sorry, I'm sorry to hear that dead. I
Speaker 1: hope you two are planning to make another trip out east.
Speaker 1: It's not out east, it's north. What's up north? Out west?
Speaker 1: Back east and down south? Oh yeah, back east, wagons east.
Speaker 1: But if you live down south and you're going east,
Speaker 1: you don't say I'm going You say you're going up.
Speaker 1: Nor yeah, you go up, you go east, you end
Speaker 1: up in the ocean. And just because we don't hear
Speaker 1: Jerry doesn't mean she shouldn't get recognition for the work
Speaker 1: she does there. Jerry gets enough recognition. Hope to see
Speaker 1: you on the next door. That is Ted Wheeler and
Speaker 1: Ted uh. We read this in the poop article. So
Speaker 1: I don't know how this is going to touch your
Speaker 1: life personally, but you can't wait to hear ted he
Speaker 1: just said poop article and touch your life personally. May
Speaker 1: all your poops be brown S's and Jerry way to go, man. Uh.
Speaker 1: If you want to get in touch of this, you
Speaker 1: can tweet to us that s y s K podcast.
Speaker 1: You can join us on Facebook, dot com, slash stuff
Speaker 1: you Should Know. You can send us an email to
Speaker 1: stuff podcast that how stuff Works dot com and has
Speaker 1: always joined us at our home on the web, Stuff
Speaker 1: you Should Know dot com. For more on this and
Speaker 1: thousands of other topics, visit how stuff Works dot com.
Speaker 1: H