WEBVTT - Why do leaves change colors in the fall? 0:00:01.120 --> 0:00:04.280 Welcome to you stuff you should know from house stuff 0:00:04.280 --> 0:00:12.280 works dot com. Hey, buddy, if you don't mind if 0:00:12.320 --> 0:00:14.840 I plug my November page real quick, please do. I 0:00:14.880 --> 0:00:19.120 am growing a mustache this month for November for uh 0:00:19.440 --> 0:00:25.600 for cancer research, specifically male prostate cancer research. That's right. 0:00:26.120 --> 0:00:29.000 And you can donate to my team, which would be 0:00:29.000 --> 0:00:31.680 pretty cool because you know, you get a free podcast 0:00:31.760 --> 0:00:33.880 and it would be nice to put a little money 0:00:33.880 --> 0:00:37.800 towards cancer research in the name of nice here, give 0:00:37.880 --> 0:00:40.400 him some money. He's growing on facial here to help 0:00:41.280 --> 0:00:46.639 a charitable organization engaging really important scientific research. That's right. 0:00:46.680 --> 0:00:49.519 And you can go to mobro dot c O slash 0:00:49.600 --> 0:00:52.479 Charles Bryant and that's my page, or just go to 0:00:52.520 --> 0:00:55.200 the November site. Type in Charles Bryan in the search 0:00:55.280 --> 0:00:57.920 bar and look for the picture of me. There's only 0:00:57.920 --> 0:00:59.920 a couple of us out there. Chuck's wearing a red shirt, 0:01:00.520 --> 0:01:03.680 that's right. Yeah, um, so what is that again? That's 0:01:03.720 --> 0:01:06.960 mo bro dot CEO slash Charles Bryant. Yes, thank you 0:01:07.000 --> 0:01:09.640 in advance. Yeah, that's nice, Chuck. All right, let's get 0:01:09.640 --> 0:01:13.440 to it. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark. 0:01:13.480 --> 0:01:16.760 There's Charles W. Chuck Bryant in audio and video. Chuck, 0:01:17.560 --> 0:01:22.360 we're just hanging out doing some recording, uh, doing our thing. 0:01:22.760 --> 0:01:26.320 I guess this is episode number five million two. That's right. Yeah, 0:01:26.800 --> 0:01:28.920 before we get started, I wanted to point out Josh 0:01:28.959 --> 0:01:31.280 that on the way in, about twenty minutes ago, in 0:01:31.319 --> 0:01:34.120 a parking deck, I saw what was probably an eighty 0:01:34.120 --> 0:01:37.640 thou dollar Mercedes with a license plate that said Rush Fan. 0:01:38.800 --> 0:01:41.319 Oh yeah, have you seen that? Yeah. I'm trying to 0:01:41.319 --> 0:01:43.600 figure out. I've seen it many times. I'm trying to 0:01:43.600 --> 0:01:46.560 figure out are they talking about Rush I think so 0:01:46.959 --> 0:01:50.800 or Rush Limbaugh. Yeah. And the first time I saw 0:01:50.840 --> 0:01:53.560 I was like, all right, and I was like, oh, 0:01:53.720 --> 0:01:56.600 I wonder which one, geez now, doubting myself. And then 0:01:56.600 --> 0:02:00.720 that was Rushed the band, which I thought, well, obviously guy. 0:02:01.200 --> 0:02:04.000 First of all, it would have to be and um, 0:02:04.040 --> 0:02:06.600 it's obviously guy that's some sort of ceo here in 0:02:06.600 --> 0:02:09.880 the building. Because maybe his car was pretty sweet. Yes, 0:02:09.960 --> 0:02:14.440 but also consider this, it doesn't have a reserved spot. Yeah, 0:02:14.480 --> 0:02:18.079 that's true, Russia Limbaugh fan. I don't know if you 0:02:18.080 --> 0:02:20.640 would say Rush to people call him that, I would 0:02:20.639 --> 0:02:23.680 have put l M B H fan f N. Now 0:02:23.720 --> 0:02:26.560 people would definitely call him rush, all right. Yeah, he 0:02:26.639 --> 0:02:30.440 could also love that drug that used to be legal 0:02:30.960 --> 0:02:33.240 Rush that you'd buy it headshops in like the eighties. 0:02:33.360 --> 0:02:35.600 Maybe he just loves that. Yeah, he stocked up on it. 0:02:35.680 --> 0:02:38.440 What is that stuff? Isn't have no eradicated? Or did 0:02:38.480 --> 0:02:41.440 it convert into something that we like, like PCP, something 0:02:41.440 --> 0:02:44.359 we know by another name. I don't know, but and boy, 0:02:44.400 --> 0:02:46.520 we're segueing already, but this is a short one, so 0:02:46.560 --> 0:02:48.560 I guess it's all right. I did see an internet 0:02:48.560 --> 0:02:52.440 thing yesterday, um, where this artist took like every drug 0:02:52.480 --> 0:02:54.880 you could think of and drew a self portrait. It 0:02:54.919 --> 0:02:58.360 is pretty interesting, I gotta say, like from the the 0:02:58.440 --> 0:03:02.880 weird like fund psychedel like mushroom one too. Um, how 0:03:02.919 --> 0:03:04.919 which one was it that was just horrifying? It was 0:03:05.000 --> 0:03:09.320 just like fuzzy scribbling methamphetamines. No, that one was pretty 0:03:09.320 --> 0:03:14.239 scary too, But there was one that was just like weird. 0:03:14.480 --> 0:03:17.920 Oh it's probably rob now, but he did do that 0:03:17.960 --> 0:03:21.320 he drank. Yeah, you should do none of this, by 0:03:21.360 --> 0:03:24.320 the way, people, even if you are an artist. Yeah, 0:03:24.440 --> 0:03:28.160 you know who makes the best art clean non addicted 0:03:28.520 --> 0:03:32.120 human beings who get high on um? You know, a 0:03:32.240 --> 0:03:35.920 nice spring day, and they're not getting high during that 0:03:35.960 --> 0:03:38.200 spring day. They're getting high from the spring day. That's 0:03:38.200 --> 0:03:40.640 what I meant by that. Sure, let's talk about days. 0:03:40.720 --> 0:03:43.960 Let's talk about fall instead of spring. Yeah, that's autumn, 0:03:44.960 --> 0:03:47.960 you want. Autumn is my favorite season, Josh, same here, 0:03:48.280 --> 0:03:51.040 um as it is a lot of people because here 0:03:51.080 --> 0:03:52.960 in Atlanta, which is like living in the middle of 0:03:53.000 --> 0:03:56.360 a forest, um, an urban forest it is. It's like 0:03:56.440 --> 0:03:59.320 the most heavily wooded state in the Union. I understands 0:03:59.520 --> 0:04:01.360 what I hear. Well, this article here gives a lot 0:04:01.400 --> 0:04:03.960 of due to New England, which is no slouch obviously, 0:04:04.000 --> 0:04:07.440 but Georgia in the southeast man the Rocky are the Rockies. 0:04:08.280 --> 0:04:12.160 They moved over the Blue Ridge Mountains. Uh, just gorge 0:04:12.240 --> 0:04:17.840 smoky Smokey's like vibrant reds yellows. Orange is just like unbelievable. 0:04:18.440 --> 0:04:21.839 I saw an article I think it was on MSNB 0:04:21.880 --> 0:04:25.240 series A Today's Show article, um and it was like 0:04:25.920 --> 0:04:29.000 places other than Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine that are 0:04:29.000 --> 0:04:32.560 good for I hate this word leaf peeping. I thought 0:04:32.560 --> 0:04:33.839 that was made up and I had to look it 0:04:33.920 --> 0:04:36.080 up and it's not. Yeah, it's real. Yeah, It's the 0:04:36.120 --> 0:04:38.919 most disgustingly folksy word I've ever heard in my life. 0:04:39.040 --> 0:04:40.760 But that's what it's called. If you go and look 0:04:40.800 --> 0:04:43.520 at leaves as they change color, you're a leaf peeper. No, 0:04:43.680 --> 0:04:47.039 you're not. Uh, some people will call you that. I 0:04:47.040 --> 0:04:49.840 think you have to associate with that thing. Like you 0:04:49.920 --> 0:04:51.880 might have a T shirt that says that, like leaf 0:04:51.920 --> 0:04:54.599 peeper at work or leaf peepers do it with their 0:04:54.600 --> 0:05:01.000 eyes open, nice nice in the woods. Yeah. So yeah, 0:05:01.160 --> 0:05:03.279 if you are into that kind of thing, some people 0:05:03.360 --> 0:05:06.200 might call you a leaf peeper. Um, and you probably 0:05:06.400 --> 0:05:11.599 are a veteran of New Hampshire's Vermont and mains autumn. 0:05:12.080 --> 0:05:15.400 But like you're saying, the Smokies are nice, the the 0:05:15.760 --> 0:05:20.120 Appalachians are nice. Um. Out west apparently has some really 0:05:20.160 --> 0:05:27.240 good leaf peeping. Yeah, Um, Utah, I'm sure Utah, Colorado, 0:05:28.120 --> 0:05:32.840 and Arizona. Maybe in the right spots probably, Yeah, probably 0:05:32.880 --> 0:05:35.039 northern Arizona. As long as like the there you have 0:05:35.120 --> 0:05:38.120 some sort of maybe like an elm, a good maple 0:05:38.160 --> 0:05:41.159 out there, it's gonna be worth standing and gawking at 0:05:41.200 --> 0:05:44.880 for a certain period of time. Um. If you go 0:05:44.960 --> 0:05:47.359 a little further up in Idaho, you're gonna hit the 0:05:47.360 --> 0:05:50.360 Snake River. And if you hit the Snake River, you're 0:05:50.400 --> 0:05:53.479 probably going to run into a Native American of the 0:05:53.480 --> 0:05:57.120 Shoshoni tribe. This is like their central location, or it was, 0:05:57.240 --> 0:06:01.960 is their ancest street. The Shoshoni. If you ask them, 0:06:02.200 --> 0:06:04.120 especially if you ask them a few hundred years ago, 0:06:04.160 --> 0:06:09.080 I'm sure why the leaves turn color, say like red 0:06:09.160 --> 0:06:11.760 or yellow? They would tell you a little story about 0:06:11.760 --> 0:06:14.359 the Great Bear. Yeah you've heard this one, right, I have? 0:06:14.640 --> 0:06:17.160 Do you want to tell it? Well, apparently the lore 0:06:17.240 --> 0:06:20.960 says that, um, the color came from above and after 0:06:21.000 --> 0:06:24.520 they killed the great bear in the sky, which is why, 0:06:24.760 --> 0:06:28.880 you know, for a hunt for the pelt um, the 0:06:28.880 --> 0:06:32.760 blood splashed down and turn the leaves red. Yes, chuck, 0:06:32.880 --> 0:06:35.400 Which makes a lot of sense, except there's plenty of 0:06:35.480 --> 0:06:38.920 times when you see a tree that's turned bright yellow. 0:06:39.240 --> 0:06:42.640 What is that? What's to explain that? Shoshoni? Um, Well, 0:06:42.680 --> 0:06:45.120 they would say that it comes from the bear's fat 0:06:45.320 --> 0:06:47.599 splashing out of the pot when they are cooking it, 0:06:48.080 --> 0:06:53.520 which is thought a little gross, it is, but it's practical. Yeah. Um, 0:06:53.960 --> 0:06:57.080 So that's the that's one explanation for why leaves turned color. 0:06:57.320 --> 0:07:02.040 And after reading this article, I found that um science 0:07:02.080 --> 0:07:04.760 is a percent sure what's going on there. They have 0:07:04.760 --> 0:07:08.359 a pretty good idea, but they're not especially when it 0:07:08.400 --> 0:07:12.400 comes to turning red. You can't crawl inside of a leaf. 0:07:12.400 --> 0:07:14.320 You can't walk up to one and ask it right, 0:07:14.520 --> 0:07:18.960 Oh you're red? Yeah, like the walls of this room. Yeah, 0:07:19.040 --> 0:07:23.160 these walls talk back and they say disturbing things. But 0:07:23.200 --> 0:07:24.720 you're right. They don't know for sure, but they have 0:07:24.760 --> 0:07:28.480 some pretty good guesses. And it all starts with photosynthesis 0:07:28.880 --> 0:07:32.520 and chlorophyll. Yeah, do you do you remember photosynthesis? I 0:07:32.560 --> 0:07:35.000 looked it out to refresh myself. Yeah. That's one of 0:07:35.040 --> 0:07:37.000 the neat things because it's one of the very first 0:07:37.040 --> 0:07:39.520 science things you'll learn as a kid. Yeah like that. 0:07:39.520 --> 0:07:42.240 That word has been with me since I was a tyke. Yeah, 0:07:42.280 --> 0:07:45.760 chlorophyll photosynthesis and uh, go ahead, give the give the 0:07:45.760 --> 0:07:49.920 first grade version. Okay. Well, chlorophyll is a pigment and 0:07:50.080 --> 0:07:53.360 uh plants. It's green, and it's green because it reflects, 0:07:53.520 --> 0:07:56.520 or it absorbs red light and blue light and so 0:07:56.600 --> 0:07:58.480 the only light that's left is green and that's the 0:07:58.560 --> 0:08:01.040 light that we see. It doesn't absorb that. Yeah, so 0:08:01.200 --> 0:08:03.600 since it's a pigment, it can absorb light and do 0:08:03.680 --> 0:08:06.160 crazy things with it, and in the case of a plant, 0:08:06.720 --> 0:08:10.160 it converts the light energy in the chemical energy in 0:08:10.240 --> 0:08:13.280 the form of a dino scene triphosphate A t P. 0:08:14.280 --> 0:08:18.160 So what's just happened is it's captured light and taking 0:08:18.160 --> 0:08:20.440 that light and turn it into a chemical So it's 0:08:20.480 --> 0:08:23.760 stored energy, which is pretty cool. A little further down 0:08:23.840 --> 0:08:26.920 in the leaf, you take a little water, you got 0:08:26.920 --> 0:08:30.120 the A t P, combine it with some C O two, 0:08:30.280 --> 0:08:32.600 and then all of a sudden you got glucose. And 0:08:32.640 --> 0:08:34.400 if you have glucose, what were you gonna say. I 0:08:34.440 --> 0:08:37.120 thought you were gonna say, a chicken pot pie. You 0:08:37.200 --> 0:08:39.680 have the beginnings of a good chicken pot pot Like, 0:08:39.760 --> 0:08:41.599 you can't make a chicken pot pie without a D 0:08:41.880 --> 0:08:46.480 t P. That's just the start. Um. So you have 0:08:46.520 --> 0:08:48.680 all this glucose and you're ready to make some chicken 0:08:48.720 --> 0:08:52.080 pot pie. Before you make that, the plant is going 0:08:52.160 --> 0:08:55.120 to use it to fuel cells. It's the it's what 0:08:55.280 --> 0:08:57.920 it it's it's food. It makes its own food, right, 0:08:58.280 --> 0:09:03.400 that's pretty neat in itself. That's autosynthesis. So photosynthesis um 0:09:03.520 --> 0:09:07.079 is carried out in the presence of lots of light, 0:09:06.880 --> 0:09:10.240 right and during the right kind of weather, when there's 0:09:10.400 --> 0:09:15.200 a lot of light. So um, summertime. Yes, summertime comes 0:09:15.200 --> 0:09:18.080 to an end though the days start to go a 0:09:18.120 --> 0:09:21.000 little shorter. That's right, it gets darker earlier. Ye air 0:09:21.120 --> 0:09:23.480 drives out of it. Yeah, and the plant says, you 0:09:23.480 --> 0:09:26.360 know what, I'm kind of dumb making my own sugars 0:09:26.360 --> 0:09:28.720 for a while. I'm gonna just live off my fat 0:09:29.160 --> 0:09:32.160 like a great bear in the sky. That's right, And 0:09:32.200 --> 0:09:35.679 so it stops thinking chlorophyll. Uh. Yeah, And chlorophyll is 0:09:35.679 --> 0:09:37.760 not the only thing going on in the leaf. Obviously 0:09:37.760 --> 0:09:40.280 you have your green, but there are also other pigments 0:09:40.320 --> 0:09:44.760 like a caroteen and xanthophill. Xantho means yellow and Greek. 0:09:45.400 --> 0:09:49.040 And that is what gives carrots and egg gilks their 0:09:49.080 --> 0:09:53.360 cover cover, their color, their cover. It's a cover color. 0:09:53.400 --> 0:09:56.400 Shell gives it the cover. Yeah, that's what gives it 0:09:56.440 --> 0:10:01.640 the color. And uh, they're always in leaves, and they 0:10:01.720 --> 0:10:04.000 also help absorb the sunlight. They're not the start the 0:10:04.040 --> 0:10:08.600 chlorophyll is um, but they do transfer chlorophyll for photosynthesis. 0:10:09.280 --> 0:10:12.720 They help. Yeah, and so the plant always has I 0:10:12.720 --> 0:10:19.360 guess caroteens and um, what is it? So, but it's 0:10:19.440 --> 0:10:22.520 it doesn't always produce chlorophyll. So when it stops producing chlorophyll, 0:10:22.679 --> 0:10:28.200 xanthe xanthophil and the caroteens go hey look at us. Huh, 0:10:28.559 --> 0:10:32.240 I think it's always chlorophyll, right, No, it's but it's 0:10:32.240 --> 0:10:34.679 always there at some point or is are there some 0:10:34.880 --> 0:10:38.480 leaves without chlorophill at all? Oh? Like, no, it depends 0:10:38.480 --> 0:10:40.480 on the time of the year that I thought, right, So, 0:10:40.679 --> 0:10:43.000 like the plan will stop producing chlorophyll and the caroteens 0:10:43.000 --> 0:10:46.040 and the xanthophill will take over. But yeah, I believe 0:10:46.080 --> 0:10:49.120 that there's always chlorophyll. Er every plant has an ability 0:10:49.160 --> 0:10:52.840 to make chlorophyll right for photosynthesis, I think so, because 0:10:52.840 --> 0:10:55.760 that's how it eats. Yeah. Yeah, So you've got the 0:10:55.800 --> 0:10:57.599 red or you've got the yellow, and you have the 0:10:57.640 --> 0:11:02.440 orange leaves explained bay Um, there's no chlorophyll any longer, right, 0:11:02.600 --> 0:11:05.200 and we should probably talk about that period of hybrid nation. 0:11:05.280 --> 0:11:07.920 What goes on. There's another step that goes on. Yeah, 0:11:07.960 --> 0:11:10.640 a couple of things happen. Um. The leaf is going 0:11:10.720 --> 0:11:13.960 to form a layer of separation. Um. Jennifer calls it 0:11:14.000 --> 0:11:17.560 cork like cells at the base of the leaf seals 0:11:17.559 --> 0:11:19.160 it all from the tree. It's like a little stopper, 0:11:19.200 --> 0:11:22.960 I guess, and then the tree stops producing the chlorophyll, 0:11:23.640 --> 0:11:28.319 and um, well that's pretty much it, Like, no more chlorophyll, 0:11:28.520 --> 0:11:30.800 we've got a barrier between the I guess, the end 0:11:30.840 --> 0:11:32.760 of the branch and the leaf. Yes, so the tree 0:11:32.800 --> 0:11:36.080 doesn't dry out when it loses all its leaves exactly. Uh. 0:11:36.120 --> 0:11:37.920 And here's where we get into the red. Where the 0:11:37.920 --> 0:11:44.160 red comes from something called pigment called anthocyanin, and that's 0:11:44.200 --> 0:11:48.200 a flavonoid, so the flavonoid family, and depending on the 0:11:48.240 --> 0:11:52.840 pH it can be responsible for reds, purples, and blues 0:11:53.080 --> 0:11:55.240 and all sorts. It's like what makes a plumb purple? 0:11:55.320 --> 0:12:00.600 For instance, they're great blue berries, blueberry blue. Uh. There's 0:12:00.600 --> 0:12:06.800 more than three hundred distinct anthough cyanons, and apparently they're 0:12:06.840 --> 0:12:11.320 really really good for you, like loaded with antioxidants. Yeah. Yeah, 0:12:11.440 --> 0:12:14.320 that's why, probably why blueberries are so good for you. Yeah, 0:12:14.400 --> 0:12:17.040 well exactly, it's a super food. But one of the 0:12:17.080 --> 0:12:19.840 things I found that said that it was it's one 0:12:19.880 --> 0:12:22.600 of some of the strongest physiological effects of any plant 0:12:22.640 --> 0:12:26.120 compound on the planet is found in the anto cyanin. 0:12:26.760 --> 0:12:30.040 It's pretty crazy. Well, they don't Um, not all plants 0:12:30.080 --> 0:12:34.199 produce antho cyanons. Not all plants that do produce antho 0:12:34.280 --> 0:12:37.240 cyanons produced it all the time. I try to get 0:12:37.240 --> 0:12:40.360 a list, oh yeah, of just trees. But I'm sure 0:12:40.400 --> 0:12:42.080 it's out there. I just couldn't find it. I would 0:12:42.120 --> 0:12:44.560 say a lace leave, Japanese maple, that will be at 0:12:44.559 --> 0:12:48.079 the top of the list. That was for having it. Uh, 0:12:48.240 --> 0:12:51.680 that's all I got. But so, I mean, if you 0:12:51.840 --> 0:12:54.120 if you are a leaf peeper or you're somebody who 0:12:54.200 --> 0:12:58.240 others might call a leaf paper, it's a terrible word. 0:12:58.280 --> 0:13:02.360 Any kind of peoper is just that. Yeah, because you 0:13:02.400 --> 0:13:08.360 know pep Yeah exactly. UM. If you if you are 0:13:08.400 --> 0:13:11.760 into looking at fall leaves, we'll say that. Um, then 0:13:11.840 --> 0:13:14.880 you probably know that some years there's really great reds, 0:13:14.920 --> 0:13:17.120 other years there's not. I felt like last year we 0:13:17.120 --> 0:13:19.120 didn't have that many. Yeah, it seems like I don't 0:13:19.120 --> 0:13:23.480 remember seeing red for a while now. Um. And science 0:13:23.600 --> 0:13:27.280 is not certain what's going on, but what they think 0:13:27.360 --> 0:13:31.960 happens is uh. Anthocyanins are created by a plant to 0:13:32.559 --> 0:13:38.440 recover sugar during times when it's um there's a period 0:13:38.440 --> 0:13:41.160 of stress that the plant's going through. So if you 0:13:41.240 --> 0:13:45.959 have a very wet summer into autumn, you're probably not 0:13:46.000 --> 0:13:49.280 gonna see any reds. You have a very dry um 0:13:49.440 --> 0:13:53.800 summer into autumn, you will usually see reds um. And 0:13:53.840 --> 0:13:56.400 the reason why is because apparently these the sugar stores 0:13:56.440 --> 0:13:59.960 in the leaves are just kind of dry, their dry 0:14:00.040 --> 0:14:02.320 it up, they've turned into sap. So the plant produces 0:14:02.360 --> 0:14:04.559 anthro syanons to going and recover it, to get it 0:14:04.600 --> 0:14:06.400 all loosened up so I can suck it back out 0:14:06.480 --> 0:14:11.560 into its trunk before those cork like cells cut it off. Yeah, 0:14:11.559 --> 0:14:13.480 it's sort of like there's a timetable and they know 0:14:13.559 --> 0:14:15.360 that they're gonna be cut off from that supply soon, 0:14:15.800 --> 0:14:17.760 so it just really tries hard there at the end 0:14:17.840 --> 0:14:20.160 to get every last bit out, every last bit. And 0:14:20.240 --> 0:14:22.600 the antho cyanons are a red pigment, so when it 0:14:22.640 --> 0:14:24.680 sends it into the leaves, that's what they think is 0:14:24.680 --> 0:14:28.320 going on. Um. They said that the best predictor that 0:14:28.360 --> 0:14:32.360 they found for um a nice brilliant red display in 0:14:32.360 --> 0:14:36.680 the autumn. As as summer turns into autumn, warm sunny days, 0:14:36.840 --> 0:14:39.680 so there's lots of sugar production going on, and then 0:14:39.920 --> 0:14:44.120 um cool nights that slows down the ability of the 0:14:44.160 --> 0:14:46.960 tree to suck the sugars that were produced that day 0:14:46.960 --> 0:14:49.240 out of the leaves. So there's a bunch stuck in 0:14:49.280 --> 0:14:51.360 there and dry to right. Yeah, that's kind of what 0:14:51.480 --> 0:14:53.280 we got going on now. Yeah, hopefully we'll see a 0:14:53.320 --> 0:14:56.200 lot of reds. I think my favorite the reds are nice. 0:14:56.240 --> 0:14:58.000 But I don't know what tree it is. But it's 0:14:58.440 --> 0:15:02.840 one particular tree that has those yellow like it just glows. 0:15:02.920 --> 0:15:05.360 Oh yeah, man, it's just like so yellow, it's blinding. 0:15:05.440 --> 0:15:07.480 It's a type of maple, is it. I think so, 0:15:07.680 --> 0:15:09.960 Like there's a couple. There's one that like really glows 0:15:09.960 --> 0:15:13.200 that's a maple, and then there's another that's um, maybe 0:15:13.240 --> 0:15:15.960 the oak. I can't remember seeing him. I feel like 0:15:15.960 --> 0:15:18.960 we talked about this. It was yeah, the time we 0:15:18.960 --> 0:15:23.000 went leaf peeping, we talked at length about this. That's right. Yeah, 0:15:23.040 --> 0:15:25.680 I forgot. We brought our little flaska of apple cider 0:15:26.520 --> 0:15:29.000 walk through the woods. It was a heck of a 0:15:29.040 --> 0:15:33.040 peeping trip, that's right. Um, So well, I guess that's 0:15:33.080 --> 0:15:37.040 pretty much the end of it. Science science has a 0:15:37.640 --> 0:15:41.600 has explained the yellow and the green, and the orange 0:15:41.880 --> 0:15:43.920 and the red. Pretty sure about the red, Pretty sure 0:15:43.920 --> 0:15:47.640 about the red. Yeah, they're not convinced. Um. Yeah, I 0:15:47.680 --> 0:15:49.280 wish I had something else to add, but I think 0:15:49.280 --> 0:15:52.000 this is just one of those that you know, this fall, 0:15:52.080 --> 0:15:54.440 you can tell your friends you see that tree, you 0:15:54.440 --> 0:15:56.240 know what's you know, it's red. Well that's what we're 0:15:56.240 --> 0:15:59.480 doing here. Yeah. Um oh. Also, if you are into 0:15:59.600 --> 0:16:02.320 um looking at leaves as they change color in the fall, 0:16:02.880 --> 0:16:05.920 if you're one of those people who doesn't there, well 0:16:05.960 --> 0:16:08.560 some people you know, like get in their car and 0:16:08.640 --> 0:16:11.480 drive places. Yeah, but who was just like shut the shades. 0:16:11.520 --> 0:16:13.480 I don't want to see that stuff. People who hate 0:16:13.600 --> 0:16:17.760 art rush fans, right, depending on the kind of rush 0:16:17.800 --> 0:16:20.080 they're talking about. If you are into that, though, there's 0:16:20.120 --> 0:16:23.160 a um an app. If you also are into smartphones 0:16:23.560 --> 0:16:26.320 and you own one, you can download a free app 0:16:26.480 --> 0:16:30.480 called a leaf Peeper. I'm not saying this, but it's 0:16:30.520 --> 0:16:33.840 a p E p r UM and it's free and 0:16:33.880 --> 0:16:36.960 it's like this color coded map of the United States 0:16:36.960 --> 0:16:40.640 by region area and it shows um where the leaves 0:16:40.640 --> 0:16:46.520 are green, um, turning, moderate, fading, and gone, so you 0:16:46.560 --> 0:16:49.360 can kind of track the leaves as they Yeah, it's 0:16:49.360 --> 0:16:52.720 pretty neat and you can take pictures and post it 0:16:52.760 --> 0:16:56.080 to your favorite social media site. Well, I think I 0:16:56.120 --> 0:16:57.840 was going to call for that anyway. I think if 0:16:57.880 --> 0:16:59.760 you live in a place, do you think rules the 0:17:00.800 --> 0:17:05.240 uh poster pictures on our Facebook page and um, I 0:17:05.280 --> 0:17:08.399 will do the same. We will do battle Georgia against 0:17:08.440 --> 0:17:10.920 the world because I think we have some of the best. 0:17:10.960 --> 0:17:13.960 You're gonna go do some leaf peeping, some pictures, keep 0:17:14.000 --> 0:17:17.679 it some leaves. It seems like something you should do, 0:17:17.800 --> 0:17:21.400 like wearing like shorts and hiking boots and nothing else. 0:17:22.359 --> 0:17:24.960 Your leaf peeping. Yeah, I mean Emily and I will 0:17:25.119 --> 0:17:26.840 usually try and tack one drive up in the mountains, 0:17:26.880 --> 0:17:32.840 you know, maybe pasties while you're leave. I can't wait 0:17:32.840 --> 0:17:38.240 for the video of this. Uh, let's see if you 0:17:38.280 --> 0:17:41.520 want to learn more about things like leaves changing color. 0:17:41.640 --> 0:17:46.800 I love stuff like that. I love earth science. Science, 0:17:46.840 --> 0:17:49.639 I think is what it is it Yeah. Um, you 0:17:49.680 --> 0:17:52.359 can type in earth science in the search bar how 0:17:52.400 --> 0:17:57.480 stuff works dot comment. It will bring up stuff like this. Um, 0:17:57.520 --> 0:18:00.080 and I said stuff like this, which means time for 0:18:00.200 --> 0:18:05.520 listener mail. Uh. This is an oldie, but a goodie. 0:18:05.600 --> 0:18:08.520 It's about sherpas. Wow, that is older and I think 0:18:08.520 --> 0:18:10.560 that was a good time to point out that I'm 0:18:10.560 --> 0:18:13.480 not sure if Sherpas has fallen off the list. But 0:18:13.520 --> 0:18:16.840 if you get our material from iTunes, you're only gonna 0:18:16.840 --> 0:18:21.520 get three one one, um, But we have many more available. 0:18:21.840 --> 0:18:25.959 And if you type in your favorite search engine like Google, 0:18:26.040 --> 0:18:30.680 let's say, um, stuff you should know RSSKI, it will 0:18:30.680 --> 0:18:33.040 bring you to a page with all four hundred and 0:18:33.040 --> 0:18:36.680 fifty plus shows, or you can listen right there, or 0:18:36.880 --> 0:18:40.960 some people use like a stitcher or um. I think 0:18:40.960 --> 0:18:44.399 there's some other various podcasts apps that like list the 0:18:44.400 --> 0:18:47.320 whole thing. So we've been getting ass lately, like hey, 0:18:47.359 --> 0:18:50.040 what about the sarcopenia, where's that one? Or where's this one? 0:18:50.080 --> 0:18:52.439 They're all there in the vault. That's right, and stuff 0:18:52.520 --> 0:18:56.800 you should know RSS all for free? Still get them, 0:18:57.080 --> 0:18:59.280 get them all, collect them all all right? So this 0:18:59.359 --> 0:19:01.000 is about sharp is And if you have not heard that, 0:19:01.040 --> 0:19:02.560 when it's an old one, you should go listen to it. 0:19:02.720 --> 0:19:04.159 Did you like that one? That was one of my 0:19:04.240 --> 0:19:07.920 least favorites? Like, all right, don't listen to it. Dust 0:19:07.920 --> 0:19:11.320 does not recommend guys. I recently listened to the Sherbet 0:19:11.400 --> 0:19:13.159 episode from a Ways Back and found that I had 0:19:13.200 --> 0:19:17.040 an interesting story regarding Sir Edmund Hillary's ascent I was 0:19:17.080 --> 0:19:19.440 born in Canada, but my mother and her family are 0:19:19.440 --> 0:19:23.479 all from New Zealand. My uncle Alan Sairs lives just 0:19:23.680 --> 0:19:26.360 north of Auckland currently and it's one of the most 0:19:26.359 --> 0:19:29.240 interesting people I know. Uh. He made his career in 0:19:29.280 --> 0:19:32.600 sports Photokgree primarily for horse racing. He got a start 0:19:32.600 --> 0:19:35.439 in the field thanks to Sir ed Um. This is 0:19:35.440 --> 0:19:37.879 the story as told to me by my uncle a 0:19:37.920 --> 0:19:41.480 little over ten years ago. When Hillary was training for 0:19:41.520 --> 0:19:43.480 his ascent, he could be seen from time to time 0:19:43.560 --> 0:19:46.000 hiking on the roadside, all decked out in his climbing 0:19:46.000 --> 0:19:48.600 gear in order to be well used, well used to 0:19:48.640 --> 0:19:52.800 the way, or well used. One day, my uncle, then 0:19:52.840 --> 0:19:55.120 in his mid thirties, passed him, stopped him and said, 0:19:55.240 --> 0:19:59.440 can I take your photo? H Sir ed Um, already 0:19:59.480 --> 0:20:02.440 well known locally, was happy to oblige. My uncle never 0:20:02.640 --> 0:20:06.960 distributed any of the prints. Well what was he wearing 0:20:06.960 --> 0:20:10.320 like a camusole or something? What? He didn't distribute the prints? 0:20:11.119 --> 0:20:12.760 Oh no, I don't think it was anything like that. 0:20:13.560 --> 0:20:15.720 So he just held onto him. But when word came 0:20:15.720 --> 0:20:18.000 back that Hillary had succeeded, and he sent my uncle 0:20:18.080 --> 0:20:20.280 rush to develop his many copies of the photo as 0:20:20.280 --> 0:20:23.520 he could. My uncle never distributed any of the prints. 0:20:23.160 --> 0:20:26.040 Huh weird. Yeah, But when the word came back that 0:20:26.119 --> 0:20:28.960 Hillary has succeeded in his assent, my uncle rushed to 0:20:29.000 --> 0:20:30.880 develop his many copies of the photo as he could. 0:20:31.600 --> 0:20:33.680 He stuffed them into envelopes addressed to many of the 0:20:33.720 --> 0:20:37.760 world's newspapers, along with a note asking for whatever uh 0:20:37.960 --> 0:20:41.480 recompense they felt the photo was worth. So that's a 0:20:41.520 --> 0:20:44.480 great business model to send pictures and say, hey, pay 0:20:44.520 --> 0:20:47.399 me a little something, right, Hey, Rupert Murdoch, let's use 0:20:47.440 --> 0:20:51.320 the honor system. Many papers ran the photo, though, uh 0:20:51.440 --> 0:20:53.600 and there were no photos, as there were no photos 0:20:53.600 --> 0:20:57.600 of the ascent available until after Hillary had descended and 0:20:57.640 --> 0:21:02.720 his own photos were developed. My uncle died here and penniless. Thankfully, 0:21:02.720 --> 0:21:05.520 the strategy worked for my uncle, and he became well 0:21:05.520 --> 0:21:08.720 known for sports photography in the nineteen fifties and sixties, 0:21:08.720 --> 0:21:12.159 initially um. He is now ninety seven years old and 0:21:12.200 --> 0:21:14.840 has no UH and in no way has slowed down. 0:21:15.440 --> 0:21:17.080 In fact, he has just finished a book on his 0:21:17.160 --> 0:21:20.480 career as a naval intelligence officer in w W two 0:21:20.800 --> 0:21:22.960 that is due to be published next year. He was 0:21:23.000 --> 0:21:25.359 also a successful track and field athlete in New Zealand 0:21:25.560 --> 0:21:28.639 winning its silver medal in ninety eight. This guy sounds 0:21:28.720 --> 0:21:32.720 pretty awesome in what are now the Commonwealth Games. Um, yeah, 0:21:33.080 --> 0:21:36.480 that's fantastic. We'll plug the book when it comes out. Yeah, 0:21:36.520 --> 0:21:39.240 for sure, send it. Um. I could not stop thinking 0:21:39.280 --> 0:21:41.600 about this story while listening to the podcast on sherpos. 0:21:42.160 --> 0:21:44.000 He also tried to track down to copy the photo, 0:21:44.080 --> 0:21:47.720 but have been unable to find it. Um best regards 0:21:47.760 --> 0:21:51.520 Anthony zeller Meyer. Well, thanks a lot, Anthony. Yeah, it's 0:21:51.560 --> 0:21:55.679 a grandaughter. Nine seven man, keep going seriously. Um wow, 0:21:56.880 --> 0:21:59.800 if you have a family member that you're very proud 0:21:59.800 --> 0:22:02.639 of for good reason, for like eight good reasons, we 0:22:02.680 --> 0:22:05.320 want to hear about that person. Also, don't forget Chuck's 0:22:05.359 --> 0:22:09.280