1 00:00:01,120 --> 00:00:04,280 Speaker 1: Welcome to you stuff you should know from house stuff 2 00:00:04,280 --> 00:00:12,280 Speaker 1: works dot com. Hey, buddy, if you don't mind if 3 00:00:12,320 --> 00:00:14,840 Speaker 1: I plug my November page real quick, please do. I 4 00:00:14,880 --> 00:00:19,120 Speaker 1: am growing a mustache this month for November for uh 5 00:00:19,440 --> 00:00:25,600 Speaker 1: for cancer research, specifically male prostate cancer research. That's right. 6 00:00:26,120 --> 00:00:29,000 Speaker 1: And you can donate to my team, which would be 7 00:00:29,000 --> 00:00:31,680 Speaker 1: pretty cool because you know, you get a free podcast 8 00:00:31,760 --> 00:00:33,880 Speaker 1: and it would be nice to put a little money 9 00:00:33,880 --> 00:00:37,800 Speaker 1: towards cancer research in the name of nice here, give 10 00:00:37,880 --> 00:00:40,400 Speaker 1: him some money. He's growing on facial here to help 11 00:00:41,280 --> 00:00:46,639 Speaker 1: a charitable organization engaging really important scientific research. That's right. 12 00:00:46,680 --> 00:00:49,519 Speaker 1: And you can go to mobro dot c O slash 13 00:00:49,600 --> 00:00:52,479 Speaker 1: Charles Bryant and that's my page, or just go to 14 00:00:52,520 --> 00:00:55,200 Speaker 1: the November site. Type in Charles Bryan in the search 15 00:00:55,280 --> 00:00:57,920 Speaker 1: bar and look for the picture of me. There's only 16 00:00:57,920 --> 00:00:59,920 Speaker 1: a couple of us out there. Chuck's wearing a red shirt, 17 00:01:00,520 --> 00:01:03,680 Speaker 1: that's right. Yeah, um, so what is that again? That's 18 00:01:03,720 --> 00:01:06,960 Speaker 1: mo bro dot CEO slash Charles Bryant. Yes, thank you 19 00:01:07,000 --> 00:01:09,640 Speaker 1: in advance. Yeah, that's nice, Chuck. All right, let's get 20 00:01:09,640 --> 00:01:13,440 Speaker 1: to it. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark. 21 00:01:13,480 --> 00:01:16,760 Speaker 1: There's Charles W. Chuck Bryant in audio and video. Chuck, 22 00:01:17,560 --> 00:01:22,360 Speaker 1: we're just hanging out doing some recording, uh, doing our thing. 23 00:01:22,760 --> 00:01:26,320 Speaker 1: I guess this is episode number five million two. That's right. Yeah, 24 00:01:26,800 --> 00:01:28,920 Speaker 1: before we get started, I wanted to point out Josh 25 00:01:28,959 --> 00:01:31,280 Speaker 1: that on the way in, about twenty minutes ago, in 26 00:01:31,319 --> 00:01:34,120 Speaker 1: a parking deck, I saw what was probably an eighty 27 00:01:34,120 --> 00:01:37,640 Speaker 1: thou dollar Mercedes with a license plate that said Rush Fan. 28 00:01:38,800 --> 00:01:41,319 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, have you seen that? Yeah. I'm trying to 29 00:01:41,319 --> 00:01:43,600 Speaker 1: figure out. I've seen it many times. I'm trying to 30 00:01:43,600 --> 00:01:46,560 Speaker 1: figure out are they talking about Rush I think so 31 00:01:46,959 --> 00:01:50,800 Speaker 1: or Rush Limbaugh. Yeah. And the first time I saw 32 00:01:50,840 --> 00:01:53,560 Speaker 1: I was like, all right, and I was like, oh, 33 00:01:53,720 --> 00:01:56,600 Speaker 1: I wonder which one, geez now, doubting myself. And then 34 00:01:56,600 --> 00:02:00,720 Speaker 1: that was Rushed the band, which I thought, well, obviously guy. 35 00:02:01,200 --> 00:02:04,000 Speaker 1: First of all, it would have to be and um, 36 00:02:04,040 --> 00:02:06,600 Speaker 1: it's obviously guy that's some sort of ceo here in 37 00:02:06,600 --> 00:02:09,880 Speaker 1: the building. Because maybe his car was pretty sweet. Yes, 38 00:02:09,960 --> 00:02:14,440 Speaker 1: but also consider this, it doesn't have a reserved spot. Yeah, 39 00:02:14,480 --> 00:02:18,079 Speaker 1: that's true, Russia Limbaugh fan. I don't know if you 40 00:02:18,080 --> 00:02:20,640 Speaker 1: would say Rush to people call him that, I would 41 00:02:20,639 --> 00:02:23,680 Speaker 1: have put l M B H fan f N. Now 42 00:02:23,720 --> 00:02:26,560 Speaker 1: people would definitely call him rush, all right. Yeah, he 43 00:02:26,639 --> 00:02:30,440 Speaker 1: could also love that drug that used to be legal 44 00:02:30,960 --> 00:02:33,240 Speaker 1: Rush that you'd buy it headshops in like the eighties. 45 00:02:33,360 --> 00:02:35,600 Speaker 1: Maybe he just loves that. Yeah, he stocked up on it. 46 00:02:35,680 --> 00:02:38,440 Speaker 1: What is that stuff? Isn't have no eradicated? Or did 47 00:02:38,480 --> 00:02:41,440 Speaker 1: it convert into something that we like, like PCP, something 48 00:02:41,440 --> 00:02:44,359 Speaker 1: we know by another name. I don't know, but and boy, 49 00:02:44,400 --> 00:02:46,520 Speaker 1: we're segueing already, but this is a short one, so 50 00:02:46,560 --> 00:02:48,560 Speaker 1: I guess it's all right. I did see an internet 51 00:02:48,560 --> 00:02:52,440 Speaker 1: thing yesterday, um, where this artist took like every drug 52 00:02:52,480 --> 00:02:54,880 Speaker 1: you could think of and drew a self portrait. It 53 00:02:54,919 --> 00:02:58,360 Speaker 1: is pretty interesting, I gotta say, like from the the 54 00:02:58,440 --> 00:03:02,880 Speaker 1: weird like fund psychedel like mushroom one too. Um, how 55 00:03:02,919 --> 00:03:04,919 Speaker 1: which one was it that was just horrifying? It was 56 00:03:05,000 --> 00:03:09,320 Speaker 1: just like fuzzy scribbling methamphetamines. No, that one was pretty 57 00:03:09,320 --> 00:03:14,239 Speaker 1: scary too, But there was one that was just like weird. 58 00:03:14,480 --> 00:03:17,920 Speaker 1: Oh it's probably rob now, but he did do that 59 00:03:17,960 --> 00:03:21,320 Speaker 1: he drank. Yeah, you should do none of this, by 60 00:03:21,360 --> 00:03:24,320 Speaker 1: the way, people, even if you are an artist. Yeah, 61 00:03:24,440 --> 00:03:28,160 Speaker 1: you know who makes the best art clean non addicted 62 00:03:28,520 --> 00:03:32,120 Speaker 1: human beings who get high on um? You know, a 63 00:03:32,240 --> 00:03:35,920 Speaker 1: nice spring day, and they're not getting high during that 64 00:03:35,960 --> 00:03:38,200 Speaker 1: spring day. They're getting high from the spring day. That's 65 00:03:38,200 --> 00:03:40,640 Speaker 1: what I meant by that. Sure, let's talk about days. 66 00:03:40,720 --> 00:03:43,960 Speaker 1: Let's talk about fall instead of spring. Yeah, that's autumn, 67 00:03:44,960 --> 00:03:47,960 Speaker 1: you want. Autumn is my favorite season, Josh, same here, 68 00:03:48,280 --> 00:03:51,040 Speaker 1: um as it is a lot of people because here 69 00:03:51,080 --> 00:03:52,960 Speaker 1: in Atlanta, which is like living in the middle of 70 00:03:53,000 --> 00:03:56,360 Speaker 1: a forest, um, an urban forest it is. It's like 71 00:03:56,440 --> 00:03:59,320 Speaker 1: the most heavily wooded state in the Union. I understands 72 00:03:59,520 --> 00:04:01,360 Speaker 1: what I hear. Well, this article here gives a lot 73 00:04:01,400 --> 00:04:03,960 Speaker 1: of due to New England, which is no slouch obviously, 74 00:04:04,000 --> 00:04:07,440 Speaker 1: but Georgia in the southeast man the Rocky are the Rockies. 75 00:04:08,280 --> 00:04:12,160 Speaker 1: They moved over the Blue Ridge Mountains. Uh, just gorge 76 00:04:12,240 --> 00:04:17,840 Speaker 1: smoky Smokey's like vibrant reds yellows. Orange is just like unbelievable. 77 00:04:18,440 --> 00:04:21,839 Speaker 1: I saw an article I think it was on MSNB 78 00:04:21,880 --> 00:04:25,240 Speaker 1: series A Today's Show article, um and it was like 79 00:04:25,920 --> 00:04:29,000 Speaker 1: places other than Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine that are 80 00:04:29,000 --> 00:04:32,560 Speaker 1: good for I hate this word leaf peeping. I thought 81 00:04:32,560 --> 00:04:33,839 Speaker 1: that was made up and I had to look it 82 00:04:33,920 --> 00:04:36,080 Speaker 1: up and it's not. Yeah, it's real. Yeah, It's the 83 00:04:36,120 --> 00:04:38,919 Speaker 1: most disgustingly folksy word I've ever heard in my life. 84 00:04:39,040 --> 00:04:40,760 Speaker 1: But that's what it's called. If you go and look 85 00:04:40,800 --> 00:04:43,520 Speaker 1: at leaves as they change color, you're a leaf peeper. No, 86 00:04:43,680 --> 00:04:47,039 Speaker 1: you're not. Uh, some people will call you that. I 87 00:04:47,040 --> 00:04:49,840 Speaker 1: think you have to associate with that thing. Like you 88 00:04:49,920 --> 00:04:51,880 Speaker 1: might have a T shirt that says that, like leaf 89 00:04:51,920 --> 00:04:54,599 Speaker 1: peeper at work or leaf peepers do it with their 90 00:04:54,600 --> 00:05:01,000 Speaker 1: eyes open, nice nice in the woods. Yeah. So yeah, 91 00:05:01,160 --> 00:05:03,279 Speaker 1: if you are into that kind of thing, some people 92 00:05:03,360 --> 00:05:06,200 Speaker 1: might call you a leaf peeper. Um, and you probably 93 00:05:06,400 --> 00:05:11,599 Speaker 1: are a veteran of New Hampshire's Vermont and mains autumn. 94 00:05:12,080 --> 00:05:15,400 Speaker 1: But like you're saying, the Smokies are nice, the the 95 00:05:15,760 --> 00:05:20,120 Speaker 1: Appalachians are nice. Um. Out west apparently has some really 96 00:05:20,160 --> 00:05:27,240 Speaker 1: good leaf peeping. Yeah, Um, Utah, I'm sure Utah, Colorado, 97 00:05:28,120 --> 00:05:32,840 Speaker 1: and Arizona. Maybe in the right spots probably, Yeah, probably 98 00:05:32,880 --> 00:05:35,039 Speaker 1: northern Arizona. As long as like the there you have 99 00:05:35,120 --> 00:05:38,120 Speaker 1: some sort of maybe like an elm, a good maple 100 00:05:38,160 --> 00:05:41,159 Speaker 1: out there, it's gonna be worth standing and gawking at 101 00:05:41,200 --> 00:05:44,880 Speaker 1: for a certain period of time. Um. If you go 102 00:05:44,960 --> 00:05:47,359 Speaker 1: a little further up in Idaho, you're gonna hit the 103 00:05:47,360 --> 00:05:50,360 Speaker 1: Snake River. And if you hit the Snake River, you're 104 00:05:50,400 --> 00:05:53,479 Speaker 1: probably going to run into a Native American of the 105 00:05:53,480 --> 00:05:57,120 Speaker 1: Shoshoni tribe. This is like their central location, or it was, 106 00:05:57,240 --> 00:06:01,960 Speaker 1: is their ancest street. The Shoshoni. If you ask them, 107 00:06:02,200 --> 00:06:04,120 Speaker 1: especially if you ask them a few hundred years ago, 108 00:06:04,160 --> 00:06:09,080 Speaker 1: I'm sure why the leaves turn color, say like red 109 00:06:09,160 --> 00:06:11,760 Speaker 1: or yellow? They would tell you a little story about 110 00:06:11,760 --> 00:06:14,359 Speaker 1: the Great Bear. Yeah you've heard this one, right, I have? 111 00:06:14,640 --> 00:06:17,160 Speaker 1: Do you want to tell it? Well, apparently the lore 112 00:06:17,240 --> 00:06:20,960 Speaker 1: says that, um, the color came from above and after 113 00:06:21,000 --> 00:06:24,520 Speaker 1: they killed the great bear in the sky, which is why, 114 00:06:24,760 --> 00:06:28,880 Speaker 1: you know, for a hunt for the pelt um, the 115 00:06:28,880 --> 00:06:32,760 Speaker 1: blood splashed down and turn the leaves red. Yes, chuck, 116 00:06:32,880 --> 00:06:35,400 Speaker 1: Which makes a lot of sense, except there's plenty of 117 00:06:35,480 --> 00:06:38,920 Speaker 1: times when you see a tree that's turned bright yellow. 118 00:06:39,240 --> 00:06:42,640 Speaker 1: What is that? What's to explain that? Shoshoni? Um, Well, 119 00:06:42,680 --> 00:06:45,120 Speaker 1: they would say that it comes from the bear's fat 120 00:06:45,320 --> 00:06:47,599 Speaker 1: splashing out of the pot when they are cooking it, 121 00:06:48,080 --> 00:06:53,520 Speaker 1: which is thought a little gross, it is, but it's practical. Yeah. Um, 122 00:06:53,960 --> 00:06:57,080 Speaker 1: So that's the that's one explanation for why leaves turned color. 123 00:06:57,320 --> 00:07:02,040 Speaker 1: And after reading this article, I found that um science 124 00:07:02,080 --> 00:07:04,760 Speaker 1: is a percent sure what's going on there. They have 125 00:07:04,760 --> 00:07:08,359 Speaker 1: a pretty good idea, but they're not especially when it 126 00:07:08,400 --> 00:07:12,400 Speaker 1: comes to turning red. You can't crawl inside of a leaf. 127 00:07:12,400 --> 00:07:14,320 Speaker 1: You can't walk up to one and ask it right, 128 00:07:14,520 --> 00:07:18,960 Speaker 1: Oh you're red? Yeah, like the walls of this room. Yeah, 129 00:07:19,040 --> 00:07:23,160 Speaker 1: these walls talk back and they say disturbing things. But 130 00:07:23,200 --> 00:07:24,720 Speaker 1: you're right. They don't know for sure, but they have 131 00:07:24,760 --> 00:07:28,480 Speaker 1: some pretty good guesses. And it all starts with photosynthesis 132 00:07:28,880 --> 00:07:32,520 Speaker 1: and chlorophyll. Yeah, do you do you remember photosynthesis? I 133 00:07:32,560 --> 00:07:35,000 Speaker 1: looked it out to refresh myself. Yeah. That's one of 134 00:07:35,040 --> 00:07:37,000 Speaker 1: the neat things because it's one of the very first 135 00:07:37,040 --> 00:07:39,520 Speaker 1: science things you'll learn as a kid. Yeah like that. 136 00:07:39,520 --> 00:07:42,240 Speaker 1: That word has been with me since I was a tyke. Yeah, 137 00:07:42,280 --> 00:07:45,760 Speaker 1: chlorophyll photosynthesis and uh, go ahead, give the give the 138 00:07:45,760 --> 00:07:49,920 Speaker 1: first grade version. Okay. Well, chlorophyll is a pigment and 139 00:07:50,080 --> 00:07:53,360 Speaker 1: uh plants. It's green, and it's green because it reflects, 140 00:07:53,520 --> 00:07:56,520 Speaker 1: or it absorbs red light and blue light and so 141 00:07:56,600 --> 00:07:58,480 Speaker 1: the only light that's left is green and that's the 142 00:07:58,560 --> 00:08:01,040 Speaker 1: light that we see. It doesn't absorb that. Yeah, so 143 00:08:01,200 --> 00:08:03,600 Speaker 1: since it's a pigment, it can absorb light and do 144 00:08:03,680 --> 00:08:06,160 Speaker 1: crazy things with it, and in the case of a plant, 145 00:08:06,720 --> 00:08:10,160 Speaker 1: it converts the light energy in the chemical energy in 146 00:08:10,240 --> 00:08:13,280 Speaker 1: the form of a dino scene triphosphate A t P. 147 00:08:14,280 --> 00:08:18,160 Speaker 1: So what's just happened is it's captured light and taking 148 00:08:18,160 --> 00:08:20,440 Speaker 1: that light and turn it into a chemical So it's 149 00:08:20,480 --> 00:08:23,760 Speaker 1: stored energy, which is pretty cool. A little further down 150 00:08:23,840 --> 00:08:26,920 Speaker 1: in the leaf, you take a little water, you got 151 00:08:26,920 --> 00:08:30,120 Speaker 1: the A t P, combine it with some C O two, 152 00:08:30,280 --> 00:08:32,600 Speaker 1: and then all of a sudden you got glucose. And 153 00:08:32,640 --> 00:08:34,400 Speaker 1: if you have glucose, what were you gonna say. I 154 00:08:34,440 --> 00:08:37,120 Speaker 1: thought you were gonna say, a chicken pot pie. You 155 00:08:37,200 --> 00:08:39,680 Speaker 1: have the beginnings of a good chicken pot pot Like, 156 00:08:39,760 --> 00:08:41,599 Speaker 1: you can't make a chicken pot pie without a D 157 00:08:41,880 --> 00:08:46,480 Speaker 1: t P. That's just the start. Um. So you have 158 00:08:46,520 --> 00:08:48,680 Speaker 1: all this glucose and you're ready to make some chicken 159 00:08:48,720 --> 00:08:52,080 Speaker 1: pot pie. Before you make that, the plant is going 160 00:08:52,160 --> 00:08:55,120 Speaker 1: to use it to fuel cells. It's the it's what 161 00:08:55,280 --> 00:08:57,920 Speaker 1: it it's it's food. It makes its own food, right, 162 00:08:58,280 --> 00:09:03,400 Speaker 1: that's pretty neat in itself. That's autosynthesis. So photosynthesis um 163 00:09:03,520 --> 00:09:07,079 Speaker 1: is carried out in the presence of lots of light, 164 00:09:06,880 --> 00:09:10,240 Speaker 1: right and during the right kind of weather, when there's 165 00:09:10,400 --> 00:09:15,200 Speaker 1: a lot of light. So um, summertime. Yes, summertime comes 166 00:09:15,200 --> 00:09:18,080 Speaker 1: to an end though the days start to go a 167 00:09:18,120 --> 00:09:21,000 Speaker 1: little shorter. That's right, it gets darker earlier. Ye air 168 00:09:21,120 --> 00:09:23,480 Speaker 1: drives out of it. Yeah, and the plant says, you 169 00:09:23,480 --> 00:09:26,360 Speaker 1: know what, I'm kind of dumb making my own sugars 170 00:09:26,360 --> 00:09:28,720 Speaker 1: for a while. I'm gonna just live off my fat 171 00:09:29,160 --> 00:09:32,160 Speaker 1: like a great bear in the sky. That's right, And 172 00:09:32,200 --> 00:09:35,679 Speaker 1: so it stops thinking chlorophyll. Uh. Yeah, And chlorophyll is 173 00:09:35,679 --> 00:09:37,760 Speaker 1: not the only thing going on in the leaf. Obviously 174 00:09:37,760 --> 00:09:40,280 Speaker 1: you have your green, but there are also other pigments 175 00:09:40,320 --> 00:09:44,760 Speaker 1: like a caroteen and xanthophill. Xantho means yellow and Greek. 176 00:09:45,400 --> 00:09:49,040 Speaker 1: And that is what gives carrots and egg gilks their 177 00:09:49,080 --> 00:09:53,360 Speaker 1: cover cover, their color, their cover. It's a cover color. 178 00:09:53,400 --> 00:09:56,400 Speaker 1: Shell gives it the cover. Yeah, that's what gives it 179 00:09:56,440 --> 00:10:01,640 Speaker 1: the color. And uh, they're always in leaves, and they 180 00:10:01,720 --> 00:10:04,000 Speaker 1: also help absorb the sunlight. They're not the start the 181 00:10:04,040 --> 00:10:08,600 Speaker 1: chlorophyll is um, but they do transfer chlorophyll for photosynthesis. 182 00:10:09,280 --> 00:10:12,720 Speaker 1: They help. Yeah, and so the plant always has I 183 00:10:12,720 --> 00:10:19,360 Speaker 1: guess caroteens and um, what is it? So, but it's 184 00:10:19,440 --> 00:10:22,520 Speaker 1: it doesn't always produce chlorophyll. So when it stops producing chlorophyll, 185 00:10:22,679 --> 00:10:28,200 Speaker 1: xanthe xanthophil and the caroteens go hey look at us. Huh, 186 00:10:28,559 --> 00:10:32,240 Speaker 1: I think it's always chlorophyll, right, No, it's but it's 187 00:10:32,240 --> 00:10:34,679 Speaker 1: always there at some point or is are there some 188 00:10:34,880 --> 00:10:38,480 Speaker 1: leaves without chlorophill at all? Oh? Like, no, it depends 189 00:10:38,480 --> 00:10:40,480 Speaker 1: on the time of the year that I thought, right, So, 190 00:10:40,679 --> 00:10:43,000 Speaker 1: like the plan will stop producing chlorophyll and the caroteens 191 00:10:43,000 --> 00:10:46,040 Speaker 1: and the xanthophill will take over. But yeah, I believe 192 00:10:46,080 --> 00:10:49,120 Speaker 1: that there's always chlorophyll. Er every plant has an ability 193 00:10:49,160 --> 00:10:52,840 Speaker 1: to make chlorophyll right for photosynthesis, I think so, because 194 00:10:52,840 --> 00:10:55,760 Speaker 1: that's how it eats. Yeah. Yeah, So you've got the 195 00:10:55,800 --> 00:10:57,599 Speaker 1: red or you've got the yellow, and you have the 196 00:10:57,640 --> 00:11:02,440 Speaker 1: orange leaves explained bay Um, there's no chlorophyll any longer, right, 197 00:11:02,600 --> 00:11:05,200 Speaker 1: and we should probably talk about that period of hybrid nation. 198 00:11:05,280 --> 00:11:07,920 Speaker 1: What goes on. There's another step that goes on. Yeah, 199 00:11:07,960 --> 00:11:10,640 Speaker 1: a couple of things happen. Um. The leaf is going 200 00:11:10,720 --> 00:11:13,960 Speaker 1: to form a layer of separation. Um. Jennifer calls it 201 00:11:14,000 --> 00:11:17,560 Speaker 1: cork like cells at the base of the leaf seals 202 00:11:17,559 --> 00:11:19,160 Speaker 1: it all from the tree. It's like a little stopper, 203 00:11:19,200 --> 00:11:22,960 Speaker 1: I guess, and then the tree stops producing the chlorophyll, 204 00:11:23,640 --> 00:11:28,319 Speaker 1: and um, well that's pretty much it, Like, no more chlorophyll, 205 00:11:28,520 --> 00:11:30,800 Speaker 1: we've got a barrier between the I guess, the end 206 00:11:30,840 --> 00:11:32,760 Speaker 1: of the branch and the leaf. Yes, so the tree 207 00:11:32,800 --> 00:11:36,080 Speaker 1: doesn't dry out when it loses all its leaves exactly. Uh. 208 00:11:36,120 --> 00:11:37,920 Speaker 1: And here's where we get into the red. Where the 209 00:11:37,920 --> 00:11:44,160 Speaker 1: red comes from something called pigment called anthocyanin, and that's 210 00:11:44,200 --> 00:11:48,200 Speaker 1: a flavonoid, so the flavonoid family, and depending on the 211 00:11:48,240 --> 00:11:52,840 Speaker 1: pH it can be responsible for reds, purples, and blues 212 00:11:53,080 --> 00:11:55,240 Speaker 1: and all sorts. It's like what makes a plumb purple? 213 00:11:55,320 --> 00:12:00,600 Speaker 1: For instance, they're great blue berries, blueberry blue. Uh. There's 214 00:12:00,600 --> 00:12:06,800 Speaker 1: more than three hundred distinct anthough cyanons, and apparently they're 215 00:12:06,840 --> 00:12:11,320 Speaker 1: really really good for you, like loaded with antioxidants. Yeah. Yeah, 216 00:12:11,440 --> 00:12:14,320 Speaker 1: that's why, probably why blueberries are so good for you. Yeah, 217 00:12:14,400 --> 00:12:17,040 Speaker 1: well exactly, it's a super food. But one of the 218 00:12:17,080 --> 00:12:19,840 Speaker 1: things I found that said that it was it's one 219 00:12:19,880 --> 00:12:22,600 Speaker 1: of some of the strongest physiological effects of any plant 220 00:12:22,640 --> 00:12:26,120 Speaker 1: compound on the planet is found in the anto cyanin. 221 00:12:26,760 --> 00:12:30,040 Speaker 1: It's pretty crazy. Well, they don't Um, not all plants 222 00:12:30,080 --> 00:12:34,199 Speaker 1: produce antho cyanons. Not all plants that do produce antho 223 00:12:34,280 --> 00:12:37,240 Speaker 1: cyanons produced it all the time. I try to get 224 00:12:37,240 --> 00:12:40,360 Speaker 1: a list, oh yeah, of just trees. But I'm sure 225 00:12:40,400 --> 00:12:42,080 Speaker 1: it's out there. I just couldn't find it. I would 226 00:12:42,120 --> 00:12:44,560 Speaker 1: say a lace leave, Japanese maple, that will be at 227 00:12:44,559 --> 00:12:48,079 Speaker 1: the top of the list. That was for having it. Uh, 228 00:12:48,240 --> 00:12:51,680 Speaker 1: that's all I got. But so, I mean, if you 229 00:12:51,840 --> 00:12:54,120 Speaker 1: if you are a leaf peeper or you're somebody who 230 00:12:54,200 --> 00:12:58,240 Speaker 1: others might call a leaf paper, it's a terrible word. 231 00:12:58,280 --> 00:13:02,360 Speaker 1: Any kind of peoper is just that. Yeah, because you 232 00:13:02,400 --> 00:13:08,360 Speaker 1: know pep Yeah exactly. UM. If you if you are 233 00:13:08,400 --> 00:13:11,760 Speaker 1: into looking at fall leaves, we'll say that. Um, then 234 00:13:11,840 --> 00:13:14,880 Speaker 1: you probably know that some years there's really great reds, 235 00:13:14,920 --> 00:13:17,120 Speaker 1: other years there's not. I felt like last year we 236 00:13:17,120 --> 00:13:19,120 Speaker 1: didn't have that many. Yeah, it seems like I don't 237 00:13:19,120 --> 00:13:23,480 Speaker 1: remember seeing red for a while now. Um. And science 238 00:13:23,600 --> 00:13:27,280 Speaker 1: is not certain what's going on, but what they think 239 00:13:27,360 --> 00:13:31,960 Speaker 1: happens is uh. Anthocyanins are created by a plant to 240 00:13:32,559 --> 00:13:38,440 Speaker 1: recover sugar during times when it's um there's a period 241 00:13:38,440 --> 00:13:41,160 Speaker 1: of stress that the plant's going through. So if you 242 00:13:41,240 --> 00:13:45,959 Speaker 1: have a very wet summer into autumn, you're probably not 243 00:13:46,000 --> 00:13:49,280 Speaker 1: gonna see any reds. You have a very dry um 244 00:13:49,440 --> 00:13:53,800 Speaker 1: summer into autumn, you will usually see reds um. And 245 00:13:53,840 --> 00:13:56,400 Speaker 1: the reason why is because apparently these the sugar stores 246 00:13:56,440 --> 00:13:59,960 Speaker 1: in the leaves are just kind of dry, their dry 247 00:14:00,040 --> 00:14:02,320 Speaker 1: it up, they've turned into sap. So the plant produces 248 00:14:02,360 --> 00:14:04,559 Speaker 1: anthro syanons to going and recover it, to get it 249 00:14:04,600 --> 00:14:06,400 Speaker 1: all loosened up so I can suck it back out 250 00:14:06,480 --> 00:14:11,560 Speaker 1: into its trunk before those cork like cells cut it off. Yeah, 251 00:14:11,559 --> 00:14:13,480 Speaker 1: it's sort of like there's a timetable and they know 252 00:14:13,559 --> 00:14:15,360 Speaker 1: that they're gonna be cut off from that supply soon, 253 00:14:15,800 --> 00:14:17,760 Speaker 1: so it just really tries hard there at the end 254 00:14:17,840 --> 00:14:20,160 Speaker 1: to get every last bit out, every last bit. And 255 00:14:20,240 --> 00:14:22,600 Speaker 1: the antho cyanons are a red pigment, so when it 256 00:14:22,640 --> 00:14:24,680 Speaker 1: sends it into the leaves, that's what they think is 257 00:14:24,680 --> 00:14:28,320 Speaker 1: going on. Um. They said that the best predictor that 258 00:14:28,360 --> 00:14:32,360 Speaker 1: they found for um a nice brilliant red display in 259 00:14:32,360 --> 00:14:36,680 Speaker 1: the autumn. As as summer turns into autumn, warm sunny days, 260 00:14:36,840 --> 00:14:39,680 Speaker 1: so there's lots of sugar production going on, and then 261 00:14:39,920 --> 00:14:44,120 Speaker 1: um cool nights that slows down the ability of the 262 00:14:44,160 --> 00:14:46,960 Speaker 1: tree to suck the sugars that were produced that day 263 00:14:46,960 --> 00:14:49,240 Speaker 1: out of the leaves. So there's a bunch stuck in 264 00:14:49,280 --> 00:14:51,360 Speaker 1: there and dry to right. Yeah, that's kind of what 265 00:14:51,480 --> 00:14:53,280 Speaker 1: we got going on now. Yeah, hopefully we'll see a 266 00:14:53,320 --> 00:14:56,200 Speaker 1: lot of reds. I think my favorite the reds are nice. 267 00:14:56,240 --> 00:14:58,000 Speaker 1: But I don't know what tree it is. But it's 268 00:14:58,440 --> 00:15:02,840 Speaker 1: one particular tree that has those yellow like it just glows. 269 00:15:02,920 --> 00:15:05,360 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, man, it's just like so yellow, it's blinding. 270 00:15:05,440 --> 00:15:07,480 Speaker 1: It's a type of maple, is it. I think so, 271 00:15:07,680 --> 00:15:09,960 Speaker 1: Like there's a couple. There's one that like really glows 272 00:15:09,960 --> 00:15:13,200 Speaker 1: that's a maple, and then there's another that's um, maybe 273 00:15:13,240 --> 00:15:15,960 Speaker 1: the oak. I can't remember seeing him. I feel like 274 00:15:15,960 --> 00:15:18,960 Speaker 1: we talked about this. It was yeah, the time we 275 00:15:18,960 --> 00:15:23,000 Speaker 1: went leaf peeping, we talked at length about this. That's right. Yeah, 276 00:15:23,040 --> 00:15:25,680 Speaker 1: I forgot. We brought our little flaska of apple cider 277 00:15:26,520 --> 00:15:29,000 Speaker 1: walk through the woods. It was a heck of a 278 00:15:29,040 --> 00:15:33,040 Speaker 1: peeping trip, that's right. Um, So well, I guess that's 279 00:15:33,080 --> 00:15:37,040 Speaker 1: pretty much the end of it. Science science has a 280 00:15:37,640 --> 00:15:41,600 Speaker 1: has explained the yellow and the green, and the orange 281 00:15:41,880 --> 00:15:43,920 Speaker 1: and the red. Pretty sure about the red, Pretty sure 282 00:15:43,920 --> 00:15:47,640 Speaker 1: about the red. Yeah, they're not convinced. Um. Yeah, I 283 00:15:47,680 --> 00:15:49,280 Speaker 1: wish I had something else to add, but I think 284 00:15:49,280 --> 00:15:52,000 Speaker 1: this is just one of those that you know, this fall, 285 00:15:52,080 --> 00:15:54,440 Speaker 1: you can tell your friends you see that tree, you 286 00:15:54,440 --> 00:15:56,240 Speaker 1: know what's you know, it's red. Well that's what we're 287 00:15:56,240 --> 00:15:59,480 Speaker 1: doing here. Yeah. Um oh. Also, if you are into 288 00:15:59,600 --> 00:16:02,320 Speaker 1: um looking at leaves as they change color in the fall, 289 00:16:02,880 --> 00:16:05,920 Speaker 1: if you're one of those people who doesn't there, well 290 00:16:05,960 --> 00:16:08,560 Speaker 1: some people you know, like get in their car and 291 00:16:08,640 --> 00:16:11,480 Speaker 1: drive places. Yeah, but who was just like shut the shades. 292 00:16:11,520 --> 00:16:13,480 Speaker 1: I don't want to see that stuff. People who hate 293 00:16:13,600 --> 00:16:17,760 Speaker 1: art rush fans, right, depending on the kind of rush 294 00:16:17,800 --> 00:16:20,080 Speaker 1: they're talking about. If you are into that, though, there's 295 00:16:20,120 --> 00:16:23,160 Speaker 1: a um an app. If you also are into smartphones 296 00:16:23,560 --> 00:16:26,320 Speaker 1: and you own one, you can download a free app 297 00:16:26,480 --> 00:16:30,480 Speaker 1: called a leaf Peeper. I'm not saying this, but it's 298 00:16:30,520 --> 00:16:33,840 Speaker 1: a p E p r UM and it's free and 299 00:16:33,880 --> 00:16:36,960 Speaker 1: it's like this color coded map of the United States 300 00:16:36,960 --> 00:16:40,640 Speaker 1: by region area and it shows um where the leaves 301 00:16:40,640 --> 00:16:46,520 Speaker 1: are green, um, turning, moderate, fading, and gone, so you 302 00:16:46,560 --> 00:16:49,360 Speaker 1: can kind of track the leaves as they Yeah, it's 303 00:16:49,360 --> 00:16:52,720 Speaker 1: pretty neat and you can take pictures and post it 304 00:16:52,760 --> 00:16:56,080 Speaker 1: to your favorite social media site. Well, I think I 305 00:16:56,120 --> 00:16:57,840 Speaker 1: was going to call for that anyway. I think if 306 00:16:57,880 --> 00:16:59,760 Speaker 1: you live in a place, do you think rules the 307 00:17:00,800 --> 00:17:05,240 Speaker 1: uh poster pictures on our Facebook page and um, I 308 00:17:05,280 --> 00:17:08,399 Speaker 1: will do the same. We will do battle Georgia against 309 00:17:08,440 --> 00:17:10,920 Speaker 1: the world because I think we have some of the best. 310 00:17:10,960 --> 00:17:13,960 Speaker 1: You're gonna go do some leaf peeping, some pictures, keep 311 00:17:14,000 --> 00:17:17,679 Speaker 1: it some leaves. It seems like something you should do, 312 00:17:17,800 --> 00:17:21,400 Speaker 1: like wearing like shorts and hiking boots and nothing else. 313 00:17:22,359 --> 00:17:24,960 Speaker 1: Your leaf peeping. Yeah, I mean Emily and I will 314 00:17:25,119 --> 00:17:26,840 Speaker 1: usually try and tack one drive up in the mountains, 315 00:17:26,880 --> 00:17:32,840 Speaker 1: you know, maybe pasties while you're leave. I can't wait 316 00:17:32,840 --> 00:17:38,240 Speaker 1: for the video of this. Uh, let's see if you 317 00:17:38,280 --> 00:17:41,520 Speaker 1: want to learn more about things like leaves changing color. 318 00:17:41,640 --> 00:17:46,800 Speaker 1: I love stuff like that. I love earth science. Science, 319 00:17:46,840 --> 00:17:49,639 Speaker 1: I think is what it is it Yeah. Um, you 320 00:17:49,680 --> 00:17:52,359 Speaker 1: can type in earth science in the search bar how 321 00:17:52,400 --> 00:17:57,480 Speaker 1: stuff works dot comment. It will bring up stuff like this. Um, 322 00:17:57,520 --> 00:18:00,080 Speaker 1: and I said stuff like this, which means time for 323 00:18:00,200 --> 00:18:05,520 Speaker 1: listener mail. Uh. This is an oldie, but a goodie. 324 00:18:05,600 --> 00:18:08,520 Speaker 1: It's about sherpas. Wow, that is older and I think 325 00:18:08,520 --> 00:18:10,560 Speaker 1: that was a good time to point out that I'm 326 00:18:10,560 --> 00:18:13,480 Speaker 1: not sure if Sherpas has fallen off the list. But 327 00:18:13,520 --> 00:18:16,840 Speaker 1: if you get our material from iTunes, you're only gonna 328 00:18:16,840 --> 00:18:21,520 Speaker 1: get three one one, um, But we have many more available. 329 00:18:21,840 --> 00:18:25,959 Speaker 1: And if you type in your favorite search engine like Google, 330 00:18:26,040 --> 00:18:30,680 Speaker 1: let's say, um, stuff you should know RSSKI, it will 331 00:18:30,680 --> 00:18:33,040 Speaker 1: bring you to a page with all four hundred and 332 00:18:33,040 --> 00:18:36,680 Speaker 1: fifty plus shows, or you can listen right there, or 333 00:18:36,880 --> 00:18:40,960 Speaker 1: some people use like a stitcher or um. I think 334 00:18:40,960 --> 00:18:44,399 Speaker 1: there's some other various podcasts apps that like list the 335 00:18:44,400 --> 00:18:47,320 Speaker 1: whole thing. So we've been getting ass lately, like hey, 336 00:18:47,359 --> 00:18:50,040 Speaker 1: what about the sarcopenia, where's that one? Or where's this one? 337 00:18:50,080 --> 00:18:52,439 Speaker 1: They're all there in the vault. That's right, and stuff 338 00:18:52,520 --> 00:18:56,800 Speaker 1: you should know RSS all for free? Still get them, 339 00:18:57,080 --> 00:18:59,280 Speaker 1: get them all, collect them all all right? So this 340 00:18:59,359 --> 00:19:01,000 Speaker 1: is about sharp is And if you have not heard that, 341 00:19:01,040 --> 00:19:02,560 Speaker 1: when it's an old one, you should go listen to it. 342 00:19:02,720 --> 00:19:04,159 Speaker 1: Did you like that one? That was one of my 343 00:19:04,240 --> 00:19:07,920 Speaker 1: least favorites? Like, all right, don't listen to it. Dust 344 00:19:07,920 --> 00:19:11,320 Speaker 1: does not recommend guys. I recently listened to the Sherbet 345 00:19:11,400 --> 00:19:13,159 Speaker 1: episode from a Ways Back and found that I had 346 00:19:13,200 --> 00:19:17,040 Speaker 1: an interesting story regarding Sir Edmund Hillary's ascent I was 347 00:19:17,080 --> 00:19:19,440 Speaker 1: born in Canada, but my mother and her family are 348 00:19:19,440 --> 00:19:23,479 Speaker 1: all from New Zealand. My uncle Alan Sairs lives just 349 00:19:23,680 --> 00:19:26,360 Speaker 1: north of Auckland currently and it's one of the most 350 00:19:26,359 --> 00:19:29,240 Speaker 1: interesting people I know. Uh. He made his career in 351 00:19:29,280 --> 00:19:32,600 Speaker 1: sports Photokgree primarily for horse racing. He got a start 352 00:19:32,600 --> 00:19:35,439 Speaker 1: in the field thanks to Sir ed Um. This is 353 00:19:35,440 --> 00:19:37,879 Speaker 1: the story as told to me by my uncle a 354 00:19:37,920 --> 00:19:41,480 Speaker 1: little over ten years ago. When Hillary was training for 355 00:19:41,520 --> 00:19:43,480 Speaker 1: his ascent, he could be seen from time to time 356 00:19:43,560 --> 00:19:46,000 Speaker 1: hiking on the roadside, all decked out in his climbing 357 00:19:46,000 --> 00:19:48,600 Speaker 1: gear in order to be well used, well used to 358 00:19:48,640 --> 00:19:52,800 Speaker 1: the way, or well used. One day, my uncle, then 359 00:19:52,840 --> 00:19:55,120 Speaker 1: in his mid thirties, passed him, stopped him and said, 360 00:19:55,240 --> 00:19:59,440 Speaker 1: can I take your photo? H Sir ed Um, already 361 00:19:59,480 --> 00:20:02,440 Speaker 1: well known locally, was happy to oblige. My uncle never 362 00:20:02,640 --> 00:20:06,960 Speaker 1: distributed any of the prints. Well what was he wearing 363 00:20:06,960 --> 00:20:10,320 Speaker 1: like a camusole or something? What? He didn't distribute the prints? 364 00:20:11,119 --> 00:20:12,760 Speaker 1: Oh no, I don't think it was anything like that. 365 00:20:13,560 --> 00:20:15,720 Speaker 1: So he just held onto him. But when word came 366 00:20:15,720 --> 00:20:18,000 Speaker 1: back that Hillary had succeeded, and he sent my uncle 367 00:20:18,080 --> 00:20:20,280 Speaker 1: rush to develop his many copies of the photo as 368 00:20:20,280 --> 00:20:23,520 Speaker 1: he could. My uncle never distributed any of the prints. 369 00:20:23,160 --> 00:20:26,040 Speaker 1: Huh weird. Yeah, But when the word came back that 370 00:20:26,119 --> 00:20:28,960 Speaker 1: Hillary has succeeded in his assent, my uncle rushed to 371 00:20:29,000 --> 00:20:30,880 Speaker 1: develop his many copies of the photo as he could. 372 00:20:31,600 --> 00:20:33,680 Speaker 1: He stuffed them into envelopes addressed to many of the 373 00:20:33,720 --> 00:20:37,760 Speaker 1: world's newspapers, along with a note asking for whatever uh 374 00:20:37,960 --> 00:20:41,480 Speaker 1: recompense they felt the photo was worth. So that's a 375 00:20:41,520 --> 00:20:44,480 Speaker 1: great business model to send pictures and say, hey, pay 376 00:20:44,520 --> 00:20:47,399 Speaker 1: me a little something, right, Hey, Rupert Murdoch, let's use 377 00:20:47,440 --> 00:20:51,320 Speaker 1: the honor system. Many papers ran the photo, though, uh 378 00:20:51,440 --> 00:20:53,600 Speaker 1: and there were no photos, as there were no photos 379 00:20:53,600 --> 00:20:57,600 Speaker 1: of the ascent available until after Hillary had descended and 380 00:20:57,640 --> 00:21:02,720 Speaker 1: his own photos were developed. My uncle died here and penniless. Thankfully, 381 00:21:02,720 --> 00:21:05,520 Speaker 1: the strategy worked for my uncle, and he became well 382 00:21:05,520 --> 00:21:08,720 Speaker 1: known for sports photography in the nineteen fifties and sixties, 383 00:21:08,720 --> 00:21:12,159 Speaker 1: initially um. He is now ninety seven years old and 384 00:21:12,200 --> 00:21:14,840 Speaker 1: has no UH and in no way has slowed down. 385 00:21:15,440 --> 00:21:17,080 Speaker 1: In fact, he has just finished a book on his 386 00:21:17,160 --> 00:21:20,480 Speaker 1: career as a naval intelligence officer in w W two 387 00:21:20,800 --> 00:21:22,960 Speaker 1: that is due to be published next year. He was 388 00:21:23,000 --> 00:21:25,359 Speaker 1: also a successful track and field athlete in New Zealand 389 00:21:25,560 --> 00:21:28,639 Speaker 1: winning its silver medal in ninety eight. This guy sounds 390 00:21:28,720 --> 00:21:32,720 Speaker 1: pretty awesome in what are now the Commonwealth Games. Um, yeah, 391 00:21:33,080 --> 00:21:36,480 Speaker 1: that's fantastic. We'll plug the book when it comes out. Yeah, 392 00:21:36,520 --> 00:21:39,240 Speaker 1: for sure, send it. Um. I could not stop thinking 393 00:21:39,280 --> 00:21:41,600 Speaker 1: about this story while listening to the podcast on sherpos. 394 00:21:42,160 --> 00:21:44,000 Speaker 1: He also tried to track down to copy the photo, 395 00:21:44,080 --> 00:21:47,720 Speaker 1: but have been unable to find it. Um best regards 396 00:21:47,760 --> 00:21:51,520 Speaker 1: Anthony zeller Meyer. Well, thanks a lot, Anthony. Yeah, it's 397 00:21:51,560 --> 00:21:55,679 Speaker 1: a grandaughter. Nine seven man, keep going seriously. Um wow, 398 00:21:56,880 --> 00:21:59,800 Speaker 1: if you have a family member that you're very proud 399 00:21:59,800 --> 00:22:02,639 Speaker 1: of for good reason, for like eight good reasons, we 400 00:22:02,680 --> 00:22:05,320 Speaker 1: want to hear about that person. Also, don't forget Chuck's 401 00:22:05,359 --> 00:22:09,280 Speaker 1: call out, like he's putting the SmackDown on your neck 402 00:22:09,320 --> 00:22:11,040 Speaker 1: of the woods. Doesn't even have to be in the 403 00:22:11,080 --> 00:22:14,560 Speaker 1: United States. Europe's got some great leave. Asia has some 404 00:22:14,640 --> 00:22:18,600 Speaker 1: great leave. Basically, anything that's um above or below the tropics, 405 00:22:18,840 --> 00:22:21,480 Speaker 1: you're probably gonna have some good leaf color. What falls 406 00:22:21,520 --> 00:22:25,680 Speaker 1: like in Japan? Good? Nice? Yeah, it seems maples. Yeah 407 00:22:26,880 --> 00:22:30,280 Speaker 1: over there they just call the maples. Uh, we want 408 00:22:30,320 --> 00:22:33,520 Speaker 1: to see pictures of your your hometown trees showing their 409 00:22:33,640 --> 00:22:37,439 Speaker 1: greatest colors. Right um you. Also, if you remember this 410 00:22:37,440 --> 00:22:41,199 Speaker 1: show any tribe right in say hi. You can tweet 411 00:22:41,240 --> 00:22:43,399 Speaker 1: to us at s y s K podcast. You can 412 00:22:43,480 --> 00:22:45,760 Speaker 1: join us on Facebook dot com slash Stuff you Should Know, 413 00:22:45,880 --> 00:22:48,800 Speaker 1: or you can send us an email to Stuff Podcast 414 00:22:49,119 --> 00:22:58,200 Speaker 1: at Discovery dot com for more on this and thousands 415 00:22:58,200 --> 00:23:08,080 Speaker 1: of other topics. Does it how stuff? We're dot com