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Speaker 1: Hello, malcolme to savor protection of I Heart Radio and

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Speaker 1: STEPH Media. I'm Any and I'm Lauren voc Obam and

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Speaker 1: today we're talking about macadamia nuts and and Hawaii Hawaii

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Speaker 1: adjacent food. Yeah. What they gave us on the plane

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Speaker 1: a sort of a welcome gift. And also when we

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Speaker 1: left right yes, both both to and from Oahho, we

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Speaker 1: received a little a little single serving chocolate covered macadamiaut package,

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Speaker 1: which I don't know it was. It was especially I

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Speaker 1: was like, oh how sweet. I love food, so thank you. Um.

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Speaker 1: And then later one of our interviewees was like that

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Speaker 1: whole like Hawaii equals macadamia nuts thing is so false,

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Speaker 1: and I was like, yeah, I think someone said it

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Speaker 1: was dated. Yeah, well but it was a delicious candy

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Speaker 1: us even though I opened it very excitedly and it

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Speaker 1: was like two in there, one or two. Yeah, I

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Speaker 1: didn't know. I don't have much experience with macadamia nuts. No,

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Speaker 1: but I did read a nine five page paper on

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Speaker 1: them for this episode, although it was more like seventy

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Speaker 1: pages because there was a lot of references and pictures. Okay,

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Speaker 1: all right, Um. It was about as dry as you

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Speaker 1: can imagine, which which paper was it? It was kind

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Speaker 1: of a It was written in the eighties, I think,

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Speaker 1: and it was more about There was some history in there,

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Speaker 1: but it was mostly about how to grow them and

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Speaker 1: diseases they have to look out for, and just like

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Speaker 1: growing them in every country. You can imagine. Cool. It

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Speaker 1: was cool, are you know? I'm very I was very

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Speaker 1: happy to find it. Yeah. No, I get so excited

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Speaker 1: when I realized that a paper that I've just found

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Speaker 1: is reproduced in full without a paywall on the interwebs.

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Speaker 1: It's a beautiful thing. There's ways to get around those paywalls.

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Speaker 1: Were subscribed to a number of academic journals and stuff

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Speaker 1: like that, but oh man, not having to dig for

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Speaker 1: passwords and yeah, oh gosh, I don't even know where

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Speaker 1: the packards are anymore. But okay, let's get to our question.

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Speaker 1: Macadam nuts, what are they? Well, macadamia nuts are not

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Speaker 1: true nuts. They're foiled again. Did you want to know

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Speaker 1: what some examples of true nuts are? I do, because

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Speaker 1: at this point I'm not sure they exist. Alright. True

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Speaker 1: nuts are are things like acorns and chestnuts that are

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Speaker 1: that are fused or at least partially fused to their shells.

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Speaker 1: Train is going through roller text how much that clarifies.

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Speaker 1: But but at any rate, we'll have to do like

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Speaker 1: nuts in the future. Y yeah, um okay, or acorns.

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Speaker 1: I mean I don't know anyway. Macadamia nuts, Yes, they grow.

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Speaker 1: I'm just gonna call them nuts for this episode. It's

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Speaker 1: common parlance. Um. They grow on trees in the genus

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Speaker 1: Macadamia makes sense, um, two species of which produce seeds

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Speaker 1: that are particularly tasty and edible. Um. Important. The trees

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Speaker 1: have glossy evergreen leaves and grow these big, oblong spikes

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Speaker 1: of of little white flowers. And the flowers have these

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Speaker 1: really long stamens like tassels. Huh, I love it anyway. Um.

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Speaker 1: The flowers, if pollinated by bees or humans, will develop

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Speaker 1: into clusters of nuts. Each has a leathery green husk um.

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Speaker 1: Technically this is the tree's fruit um, which will split

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Speaker 1: open as the nuts starts reaching maturity, revealing a hard

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Speaker 1: shell that encases the edible, creamy white seed. Uh. The

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Speaker 1: whole husk will drop off the tree when that's seed

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Speaker 1: is mature. Husks are removed, and the that the nuts

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Speaker 1: are typically dried, whole shell intact for later processing. The

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Speaker 1: shell is up to the weight of a macadamia which

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Speaker 1: is why one of the reasons why there's so much

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Speaker 1: more expensive shelled than unshelled. Really m hm huh uh.

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Speaker 1: And these trees drop nuts like for three quarters of

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Speaker 1: the year straight. Um. In Hawaii it's July through March.

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Speaker 1: And they can be harvested by hand. Um. They're usually

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Speaker 1: harvested by hand. They can also be harvested by machine.

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Speaker 1: But um, it's a little bit there. You get less

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Speaker 1: of a less of a yield due to breakage and

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Speaker 1: stuff like that. Right, what about the nutrition. Uh, Macadamia nuts,

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Speaker 1: like many nuts, are relatively high calorie food. Um. They're

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Speaker 1: comprised mostly of fats. Lots of good fats in there though.

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Speaker 1: Um punches a fiber and protein and a smattering of

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Speaker 1: vitamins and minerals, lots of manganese and diamon. Specifically, a

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Speaker 1: small amount of macadamia nuts will fill you up and

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Speaker 1: keep you going. Um. Though, nuts are kind of easy

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Speaker 1: to over snack on, so at your portion sizes or

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Speaker 1: chop them up and atom to a sweet or savory

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Speaker 1: dishes for a little crunchy kick of those nutrients. Research

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Speaker 1: in the early two thousand's indicated that switching out less

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Speaker 1: healthy snacks um and toppings with macadamia's can help people

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Speaker 1: reduce their bad L d L cholesterol levels. Um so

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Speaker 1: just grain of salt. The studies were supported by Hershey,

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Speaker 1: which at the time owned mounta Looa macademia nut processing confectionery,

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Speaker 1: et cetera. Right, so so, yeah, it doesn't necessarily mean

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Speaker 1: that it was bad research, just something to keep in mind,

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Speaker 1: absolutely when it comes to numbers. Speaking of things to

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Speaker 1: keep in mind, at one time of the world's macadamia

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Speaker 1: nuts came from Hawaii. Actually got really confused because a

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Speaker 1: lot of people. There are a lot of articles where

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Speaker 1: people were claiming this country makes the most, this country

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Speaker 1: makes the most at one time, okay, came from why.

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Speaker 1: Due to pests and weather, Hawaiian macadamia nut production dropped

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Speaker 1: to a twenty six year low in two thousand eight.

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Speaker 1: The price of harvesting them was so high farmers let

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Speaker 1: the nuts drop and rought. Yeah. Demand has led other

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Speaker 1: countries to start growing at macadaemia nuts as well. New Zealand, Mexico, Guatemala, Brazil,

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Speaker 1: Costa Rica, South Africa, Israel, Kenya, Zimbabwe, and the US,

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Speaker 1: with other parts of the US mainland US, with California

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Speaker 1: and Florida producing the most. Outside of Hawaii, Australia produces

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Speaker 1: an annual forty thousand metric tons of in shell nuts,

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Speaker 1: and globally one hundred thousand metric tons are produced. Hawaii's

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Speaker 1: mounta Ioa macademia nut core is the world's largest manufacture

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Speaker 1: of macadamia nuts today, with ten thousand acres planted on

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Speaker 1: volcanic soil. The most expensive hybrid is New Zealand's Beaumont,

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Speaker 1: which doesn't drop its macadamia as, making them costly to harvest.

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Speaker 1: The Australian macademia nut industry generates one hundred million dollars

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Speaker 1: a year, and prices do fluctuate, but they are generally

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Speaker 1: more expensive than other nuts, and demand is outpacing supply

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Speaker 1: right now, which contributes to that expense. Um. Health food

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Speaker 1: trends emphasizing good fat diets in China and the US

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Speaker 1: are partially driving this. On the plus side, in Australia

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Speaker 1: at least, industry experts say that the higher costs to

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Speaker 1: consumers are going to the farmers, so that's cool, Yeah, totally.

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Speaker 1: A mature macademia tree will grow about fifty pounds of

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Speaker 1: nuts per year, and there are all kinds of uses

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Speaker 1: covered in chocolate, one in cookies macademia oil. They're typically

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Speaker 1: sold shelled, roasted, and salted when pressed for their oil

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Speaker 1: for using personal care products or foods. Um. The leftover

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Speaker 1: solids are often used for animal feed, and the shells

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Speaker 1: are used in things like mulch or as a wood

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Speaker 1: substitute and coffee roasting. That's particularly useful, by the way,

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Speaker 1: because macademias and coffee like just about the same environmental conditions,

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Speaker 1: so they can be grown kind next to one another.

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Speaker 1: The shells are also sometimes used as a fuel source

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Speaker 1: in the machines used for macadamia nut harvesting cannibalism. It's

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Speaker 1: like the kit catch. Oh, if you don't know what

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Speaker 1: I mean, you will find our kick out of us m.

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Speaker 1: The shells are also sometimes used as a substitute um.

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Speaker 1: They're ground up and uses a substitute for the sand

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Speaker 1: and sand blasting. Yeah, yeah, lots of things going for it.

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Speaker 1: The trees are sometimes grown for ornamental purposes and captive

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Speaker 1: hyacinthe because frequently get fed macadamia nuts since they are

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Speaker 1: one of the few creatures that can crack them. But

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Speaker 1: they are toxic to dogs. Don't give them to dogs. No. Um, yeah,

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Speaker 1: macadamia shells are strong, like up to five times as

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Speaker 1: strong as other nuts their size, and like shell thickness,

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Speaker 1: So one tough nut. Oh my gosh, I apologize. What

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Speaker 1: I don't apologize for is the history we're about to share. Yes,

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Speaker 1: but first we're going to share a quick break for

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Speaker 1: a word from our sponsor. We're back. Thank you sponsored, Yes,

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Speaker 1: thank you. Since modern lee until recent modern times, a

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Speaker 1: majority of our macadamia nuts, at least in the US

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Speaker 1: specifically have come from Hawaii. And they're a big souvenir

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Speaker 1: slash welcome gifts thing from Hawaii. It would be a

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Speaker 1: sound logical leap to think they originated from Hawaii. But alas,

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Speaker 1: the macadamia nut did not urginate in Hawaii. Nope, they

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Speaker 1: originated in Australia, Northeastern Australia to be exact, probably millions

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Speaker 1: of years ago. Ah yeah, like like late Cretaceous. What up?

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Speaker 1: They Recent research suggests that most or all or all

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Speaker 1: of Hawaii's macadamia nuts came from a small crop of trees,

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Speaker 1: or maybe just one tree in Queensland, Australia. That's how

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Speaker 1: small the gene pool is, which is a risk when

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Speaker 1: it comes to disease and things like that. Australia has

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Speaker 1: a bit more diversity when it comes to their trees.

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Speaker 1: Of Macadamia nuts are believe to come from a single

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Speaker 1: tree in Australia. Oh yeah, yeah, and that's because graphs

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Speaker 1: from that single tree and then it's daughter trees were

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Speaker 1: used to propagate these huge populations. Um, this is the

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Speaker 1: original method of cloning, before we had you know, like

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Speaker 1: Dolly the Sheep and all that stuff. Oh, I haven't

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Speaker 1: thought about Dolly the Sheep in a long time. That's

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Speaker 1: a throwback. She's always right, there is always always waiting

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Speaker 1: for the right opportunity to be mentioned. And it's the

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Speaker 1: Macadamia nut podcast. Obviously I might be I might have

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Speaker 1: sheep on the brain. Another thing, aside from coffee, that

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Speaker 1: was recommended to uh to farm alongside your macadaemia tree crop.

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Speaker 1: Um was cheap to help clear the groundcover and stuff.

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Speaker 1: Oh this is I've never played those games where you

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Speaker 1: like build a little settlement for yourself, but I feel

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Speaker 1: like this these are the blocks, like sheets, are there

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Speaker 1: sheep involved? There are they are sheep involved in settlers? Well?

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Speaker 1: There are fields with sheep in them, but everyone just

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Speaker 1: refers to them as sheep. Okay, yeah, I need to

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Speaker 1: replay that next game night. Oh yeah, okay. Australian Aborigines

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Speaker 1: snacked on academia nuts, which they called kindle, boom, bara,

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Speaker 1: jindal and papal during the winter months. They were a

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Speaker 1: delicacy at the time, and because of that, they were

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Speaker 1: used as ceremonial gifts between tribes and traded between tribes.

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Speaker 1: Women would collect the nuts and bags, take them back

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Speaker 1: to their feasting grounds and crack them using a technique

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Speaker 1: involving a flat stone with an endant placed where you

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Speaker 1: would put the nuts. Yeah, and then another stone used

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Speaker 1: to deliver a blow that would force it open. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: They were eating raw are roasted. Bitter spices of the

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Speaker 1: nut were ground up into a paste and then washed

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Speaker 1: with cold water before consumed. They used the oil for

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Speaker 1: face and body paint and yeah. Macademias seemed to have

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Speaker 1: been a foraged food rather than a cultivated food. There

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Speaker 1: was a legend about the origin of one of the

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Speaker 1: names of the macademia nut from a retailing from the

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Speaker 1: senior elder of the Bucella tribe of Frasier island Olga Miller,

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Speaker 1: and we're going to condense it a bit um. But

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Speaker 1: here we go a long time ago in the dreamtime,

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Speaker 1: when the messenger God left the mountain, Papaul agreed to

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Speaker 1: watch the mountain. It was a long journey, and unbeknownst

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Speaker 1: to Papaul, his friend, the Jewel Lizard, had hitched a

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Speaker 1: ride with him. When Papaul arrived to the mountain, the

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Speaker 1: lizard jumped out. To Papaul's surprise, he asked the lizard,

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Speaker 1: why have you come, and the lizard responded, I didn't

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Speaker 1: want you to be alone. Yeah. One day, when Papaul

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Speaker 1: was walking, he tripped and hurt his foot. Away from

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Speaker 1: food and water, the jewel Lizard asked the rock wallaby

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Speaker 1: what do I do? And they decided we've got to

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Speaker 1: get them some water. However, they found they couldn't reach

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Speaker 1: the water, so the rock wallaby found a kangaroo to help.

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Speaker 1: They gave the water to Papaul, and then they decided

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Speaker 1: to get him food with the help of the cockatoo.

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Speaker 1: The cockatoo collected seats and spread them all over the

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Speaker 1: mountain so Papaul would have food. And yes, macadaemia trees

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Speaker 1: and macadamia seas. Then the jewel Lizard and rock Wallaby

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Speaker 1: asked the cockatoo to help them gather leaves for a fire.

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Speaker 1: The cockatoo collected leaves from the macadaemia trees and they

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Speaker 1: started a fire. People on the islands all the smoke

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Speaker 1: and sent help for Papaul once rescued. The people named

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Speaker 1: the nuts Papal's nuts, and the lizard was called Papa's Lizard,

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Speaker 1: and the mountain Papal's mountain. Yeah. Lovely friendship working together. Yeah.

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00:13:50,360 --> 00:13:54,800
Speaker 1: British colonists discovered the macadamia nut in eighteen fifty seven

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Speaker 1: in Queensland, Australia, although Alan Cunningham sometimes gets credit for

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Speaker 1: finding them before in eight and German explorer or German

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00:14:03,559 --> 00:14:08,280
Speaker 1: Army deserter depending on the source, Ludwig Likeheart recorded one

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00:14:08,320 --> 00:14:11,120
Speaker 1: in eighteen forty three and delivered a sample to Melbourne,

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Speaker 1: which is still on display at the National Herbarium, whatever

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Speaker 1: the case. The director of the Botany Gardens in Brisbane,

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00:14:17,440 --> 00:14:20,560
Speaker 1: Walter Hill, found one, used to vice to open it

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Speaker 1: and planted the seed. Allegedly that tree is still producing

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Speaker 1: macadamia nuts. The first known cultivated mcdamian tree dated back

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Speaker 1: to eighteen. Yeah, it's still alive in producing that's wild,

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Speaker 1: it is, It's amazing. At the time, Walter Hill's travel

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Speaker 1: buddy was the so called Father of Australian botany and

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Speaker 1: then the Royal Botanist in Melbourne, Baron Ferdinand von Mueller.

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Speaker 1: According to legend, he named the tree after a friend

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Speaker 1: of his, John McCadam. Unfortunately, McCadam, who was a physician

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Speaker 1: and a member of the Philosophical Institute of Victoria, died

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Speaker 1: unexpected to lee on his way to New Zealand before

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Speaker 1: he could try the nuts bearing his name um the seed.

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00:15:05,760 --> 00:15:08,600
Speaker 1: I guess by the way, he was on his way

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Speaker 1: to provide his chemical expertise in a murder trial involving poison.

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00:15:13,160 --> 00:15:19,640
Speaker 1: Oh past injury. Yes. Also, according to legend, Walter Hill

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00:15:19,720 --> 00:15:22,920
Speaker 1: observed a boy eating the nut with no ill effects

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Speaker 1: in eighty eight and believed it to be the first

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Speaker 1: case of a non indigenous person eating one. Was he

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Speaker 1: like testing to see it was poison on this? It

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Speaker 1: was he like, hey, urchin, you try this? Don't you

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Speaker 1: want to try this thing? Some stories say it was

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Speaker 1: a young associate that Hill asked to help him crack them,

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Speaker 1: and Hill himself believed that they were poisonous, but the

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Speaker 1: associate didn't know that and ate them before he could

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Speaker 1: say anything, and he claimed that they were delicious, and

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Speaker 1: Hill was like, Okay, you're not dead, so that's great, huh,

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Speaker 1: all right, well yes. In the eighteen sixties, the original

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Speaker 1: elder of the Logan River clan, King Jackie, directed his

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Speaker 1: tribe to collect and trade at macadamia nuts with traders.

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Speaker 1: The first known orchard in Australia was planted in eighteen ninety,

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Speaker 1: with two hundred and fifty trees. From there, the hybrids

256
00:16:17,840 --> 00:16:21,960
Speaker 1: were grown from seas and grafting was frequently employed. These

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00:16:22,000 --> 00:16:25,360
Speaker 1: grafting techniques and the invention of mechanized processing allowed for

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Speaker 1: the commercial protection of macadamia nuts for the very first time.

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Speaker 1: The dude behind those grafting techniques, Norm Gerber, is frequently

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Speaker 1: referred to as the father of Australia's macadamia nut industry.

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00:16:36,920 --> 00:16:40,520
Speaker 1: Australian botanist Joseph Maiden wrote in eighteen eighty nine it

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Speaker 1: is well worth extensive cultivation, for the nuts are always

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Speaker 1: eagerly bought. Alright, Well there you go, yeah, stepping back

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Speaker 1: a bit to one William Purvis planted the first macadamia

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Speaker 1: tree on Hawaii's Big Island. About a decade later, are

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Speaker 1: A Jordan planted some macadamia trees on Oahu, the trees

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Speaker 1: that researchers think is the ancestor of most of Hawaii's trees,

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Speaker 1: and the nut quickly became a popular snack among businessmen

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Speaker 1: who came to Hawaii to profit off sugar plantations. Also, allegedly,

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Speaker 1: one of his first trees still produces nuts and yeah,

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Speaker 1: these two trees were of the same species, Macademia in trigifolia.

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Speaker 1: In nineteen ten, to supplement the coffee on Hawaii's Conic Coast,

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Speaker 1: the Hawaiian Agricultural Experiment Station that h a e S

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Speaker 1: recommended growing Macademia trees in the area that h a

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Speaker 1: e S was established to developed new crops for the

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Speaker 1: state Hawaiian academia nut companies. Ernest van Tassel planted his

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Speaker 1: first commercial trees in n He ran into some trouble

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Speaker 1: in the beginning, but had it sorted out by ninety

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Speaker 1: four when he started processing nuts and yeah. These early

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Speaker 1: plantings resulted in cultivars that were developed for commercial plantation.

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Speaker 1: Growth again propagated by grafting They're reporting on successful grafting

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Speaker 1: in a nine seven edition of Science helped facilitate mass production.

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00:18:07,600 --> 00:18:10,359
Speaker 1: In the following years, the h a e. S tested

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Speaker 1: a bunch of different macadamian nutclones in different locations throughout Hawaii.

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Speaker 1: A decade after that report, the h A e. S

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Speaker 1: announced the development of a tree that produced higher quality

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00:18:20,880 --> 00:18:25,320
Speaker 1: nuts and larger quantities. It took about another decade before

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00:18:25,320 --> 00:18:28,080
Speaker 1: the big hitter industries on the Hawaiian Islands, the so

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00:18:28,160 --> 00:18:31,600
Speaker 1: called Big Five companies. It took them a bit to

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00:18:31,720 --> 00:18:35,680
Speaker 1: notice the macadamia nut. The owners of Dole Pineapple Company

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00:18:35,760 --> 00:18:39,119
Speaker 1: planted an orchard in nineteen six, going on to supply

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Speaker 1: the product for the mounta Iloa Mcadamia Nut Corporation. This

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Speaker 1: company's first commercial crop was processed in nineteen fifty six. Eventually,

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Speaker 1: see Brewer and Co. Ltd. Bought out the owners of

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00:18:51,160 --> 00:18:55,000
Speaker 1: Dole's orchard. In nineteen seventy six, Castle and Cook debut

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00:18:55,000 --> 00:18:58,840
Speaker 1: a new brand, Royal Hawaiian Ine, and this brand gets

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Speaker 1: a lot of the credit when it comes to bringing

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Speaker 1: the macadamia nut into the mainstream on the main land US. Later,

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Speaker 1: Hershey would buy Manta Loa in two thousand four, and

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00:19:10,960 --> 00:19:15,120
Speaker 1: then another brand called Hawaiian Host bought them in UM.

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00:19:15,320 --> 00:19:17,920
Speaker 1: Hawaiian Host is a confectionery that's been operating as such

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00:19:17,960 --> 00:19:22,160
Speaker 1: since n and is apparently the world leader in chocolate

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00:19:22,160 --> 00:19:27,120
Speaker 1: covered macadamia nuts according to them, So sure, UM, they

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00:19:27,160 --> 00:19:30,639
Speaker 1: are located in Honolulu, which is cool. Yeah. For a

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00:19:30,680 --> 00:19:34,200
Speaker 1: while the macadamia net was known as the Hawaiian nut

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00:19:34,320 --> 00:19:37,240
Speaker 1: in the US anyway, that's how much we associated it

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00:19:37,320 --> 00:19:42,960
Speaker 1: with Hawaii. The first purpose built processing center opened near

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00:19:43,000 --> 00:19:47,639
Speaker 1: Brisbane in nineteen sixty four, and uh, skipping ahead to today,

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00:19:47,920 --> 00:19:52,040
Speaker 1: geneticists are looking into um the much more diverse populations

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Speaker 1: of macadamia trees that grow natively in Australia, UM, hoping

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00:19:56,119 --> 00:19:59,040
Speaker 1: to find properties in them that can help the cultivated

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00:19:59,119 --> 00:20:03,159
Speaker 1: arrietals be more efficient and disease resistant. UM. It's a

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00:20:03,160 --> 00:20:07,240
Speaker 1: little rough going because of the wild populations are currently

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00:20:07,280 --> 00:20:11,680
Speaker 1: growing on private properties. UM so what with climate change

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00:20:11,680 --> 00:20:14,400
Speaker 1: and cultural change. UM, these researchers are hoping to reach

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00:20:14,440 --> 00:20:19,480
Speaker 1: out to those landowners and talk conservation. UM. And macadamia's

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00:20:19,520 --> 00:20:24,120
Speaker 1: are being investigated for another reason. Those super strong shells

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00:20:24,680 --> 00:20:30,720
Speaker 1: for biomemetics. But so biomemetics UM, if you haven't heard

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00:20:30,720 --> 00:20:33,840
Speaker 1: of this concept, um okay uh. Generally followed law of

320
00:20:33,920 --> 00:20:37,520
Speaker 1: nature um is that living beings get the business of

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00:20:37,560 --> 00:20:40,879
Speaker 1: living done as cheaply as possible in terms of energy

322
00:20:41,080 --> 00:20:44,680
Speaker 1: needed to do a thing right. Um you know, like

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00:20:45,359 --> 00:20:48,560
Speaker 1: that thing might be something like protecting itself with a

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00:20:48,600 --> 00:20:53,480
Speaker 1: hard shell. And often the ways that humans have developed

325
00:20:53,640 --> 00:20:57,600
Speaker 1: to to do similar things is really energetically expensive, like

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00:20:57,680 --> 00:21:02,600
Speaker 1: read wasteful by comparison to these things in nature. So

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00:21:02,720 --> 00:21:06,200
Speaker 1: in fields of biomemetics, researchers look to systems in nature

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00:21:06,240 --> 00:21:11,000
Speaker 1: for inspiration for better engineering and like technological techniques. And

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00:21:11,040 --> 00:21:12,800
Speaker 1: so this one team out of M I. T and

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00:21:12,840 --> 00:21:15,600
Speaker 1: a few institutes in Germany used a bunch of really

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Speaker 1: cool imaging technology, including scanning electron micrographs, to study macadamia shells.

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00:21:21,280 --> 00:21:24,880
Speaker 1: They found six distinct layers surrounding the seed, each made

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00:21:24,920 --> 00:21:28,119
Speaker 1: up of these bundles of fibers that react just a

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00:21:28,160 --> 00:21:31,240
Speaker 1: little differently under stress, which is what makes cracking the

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00:21:31,240 --> 00:21:36,439
Speaker 1: shells so difficult. So cool, Yeah, coming to materials near you.

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00:21:36,920 --> 00:21:41,040
Speaker 1: Maybe I don't know, Hopefully I haven't followed up with

337
00:21:41,080 --> 00:21:43,920
Speaker 1: them to see what they're doing with it. Maybe we should, Yeah,

338
00:21:43,960 --> 00:21:51,480
Speaker 1: maybe we will, Hey, absolutely, yeah, why not? Why not? Indeed,

339
00:21:51,480 --> 00:21:53,040
Speaker 1: we need to be a force to be reckoned with

340
00:21:53,080 --> 00:21:58,480
Speaker 1: in this industry, at this Macadaemia biomemetics industry specifically. Yes,

341
00:21:58,880 --> 00:22:02,880
Speaker 1: I agree completely. I'm very clumsy. I could benefit from this.

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00:22:04,080 --> 00:22:06,600
Speaker 1: So it was Ramsey, a coworker of ours. The other day.

343
00:22:06,960 --> 00:22:09,360
Speaker 1: I said I had fallen and done something. Oh yeah,

344
00:22:09,400 --> 00:22:12,680
Speaker 1: I fell and I broke all this beer. Oh yeah,

345
00:22:13,400 --> 00:22:15,440
Speaker 1: well this was a year ago. I'm over it. But

346
00:22:17,240 --> 00:22:20,719
Speaker 1: he said, he paused, and he said, you know, I

347
00:22:20,800 --> 00:22:24,480
Speaker 1: was gonna hold back, but you're just clumsy. You're just clumsy.

348
00:22:24,520 --> 00:22:27,840
Speaker 1: And I was like, I know it, I know it.

349
00:22:27,840 --> 00:22:30,760
Speaker 1: It's true. You don't have to sugarcoat it for me

350
00:22:31,440 --> 00:22:37,800
Speaker 1: to sugarcoat the shell of the true it is it

351
00:22:37,960 --> 00:22:40,879
Speaker 1: is uh. Speaking of co workers, I just remembered that

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00:22:41,280 --> 00:22:43,840
Speaker 1: one of the gifts that I in fact brought back

353
00:22:44,000 --> 00:22:47,840
Speaker 1: from Oah who was a jar of mcadamionets, because they

354
00:22:47,880 --> 00:22:51,120
Speaker 1: have them in all of these goofy flavors, and there

355
00:22:51,200 --> 00:22:55,280
Speaker 1: was one that was spam flavored. And I was like,

356
00:22:55,440 --> 00:22:59,639
Speaker 1: our coworker, Ben Bollin, he needs to have this because

357
00:22:59,680 --> 00:23:02,120
Speaker 1: it's us terrible enough that I think he'll consume it.

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00:23:02,920 --> 00:23:07,480
Speaker 1: I believe you're absolutely correct. You're absolutely correct, and also

359
00:23:08,200 --> 00:23:12,720
Speaker 1: I loved that that exists. Yeah, that's about what we

360
00:23:12,760 --> 00:23:16,159
Speaker 1: have to say about macadamia nets. It is um. We

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00:23:16,200 --> 00:23:18,000
Speaker 1: do have a little bit more for you, but first

362
00:23:18,000 --> 00:23:19,600
Speaker 1: we've got one more quick break for a word from

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00:23:19,600 --> 00:23:31,840
Speaker 1: our sponsor, and we're back. Thank you, sponsor, Yes, thank you,

364
00:23:32,040 --> 00:23:40,320
Speaker 1: and we're back with listener, hard shell to crack, hard

365
00:23:40,440 --> 00:23:45,240
Speaker 1: shell to cry, shaking my head at you. I don't

366
00:23:45,280 --> 00:23:51,959
Speaker 1: know why the record state gosh, okay, all right, Cecilia wrote,

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Speaker 1: I lived in France for the academic year sixty six,

368
00:23:56,520 --> 00:23:59,040
Speaker 1: when my father was there on sabbatical. I was fourteen

369
00:23:59,040 --> 00:24:01,600
Speaker 1: to fifteen. I went to a French lie say, which

370
00:24:01,680 --> 00:24:05,119
Speaker 1: was really hard. It was entirely in French except for

371
00:24:05,200 --> 00:24:07,679
Speaker 1: my English class, which was not immersion English, but just

372
00:24:07,840 --> 00:24:10,879
Speaker 1: regular learn English from a teacher who spoke mostly French.

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00:24:11,400 --> 00:24:13,600
Speaker 1: I don't think she liked me, and I did not

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00:24:13,760 --> 00:24:16,040
Speaker 1: get all top marks in the class, but it was

375
00:24:16,080 --> 00:24:18,440
Speaker 1: my best class. I have a story about that. It's

376
00:24:18,480 --> 00:24:21,679
Speaker 1: totally not food related. We all ate lunch at school,

377
00:24:21,760 --> 00:24:25,399
Speaker 1: and what they call the canteen we filed in by

378
00:24:25,400 --> 00:24:28,000
Speaker 1: groups at a set time I ate with seven other

379
00:24:28,080 --> 00:24:30,640
Speaker 1: kids in my class, one of whom knew some English

380
00:24:30,640 --> 00:24:33,160
Speaker 1: and was willing to translate for me. We ate sat

381
00:24:33,200 --> 00:24:35,679
Speaker 1: at our assigned table in the room had six to

382
00:24:35,720 --> 00:24:38,280
Speaker 1: eight tables, so held forty eight to sixty four students.

383
00:24:38,600 --> 00:24:41,879
Speaker 1: On Mondays, we were given eight clean cotton napkins. We

384
00:24:41,960 --> 00:24:44,119
Speaker 1: each had a plastic envelope with a letter on it.

385
00:24:44,280 --> 00:24:46,560
Speaker 1: I think mine was J. After we ate, we put

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00:24:46,600 --> 00:24:48,760
Speaker 1: the napkin in the envelope and stacked them at the

387
00:24:48,800 --> 00:24:50,719
Speaker 1: end of the table where we would find them the

388
00:24:50,760 --> 00:24:53,159
Speaker 1: next day and the rest of the week. Of course,

389
00:24:53,680 --> 00:24:56,679
Speaker 1: we had a three course meal every day. Oh my gosh.

390
00:24:56,880 --> 00:24:59,560
Speaker 1: A starter or entree which was very simple. One of

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00:24:59,560 --> 00:25:03,919
Speaker 1: the few remember with sardines. Another was radishes. There was

392
00:25:04,000 --> 00:25:07,000
Speaker 1: always bread, but no butter unless we had sardines or radishes.

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00:25:07,000 --> 00:25:10,080
Speaker 1: That's probably why you remember. The main course was a

394
00:25:10,119 --> 00:25:13,119
Speaker 1: meat and veg course. Then dessert, which was again simple.

395
00:25:13,119 --> 00:25:15,040
Speaker 1: It might be a fruit, a sweet moose or pudding

396
00:25:15,119 --> 00:25:18,080
Speaker 1: or a petite sweete that was my favorite. There were

397
00:25:18,080 --> 00:25:21,240
Speaker 1: no choices. You ate it or you did it. I

398
00:25:21,280 --> 00:25:24,520
Speaker 1: don't remember many kids not eating their meals. Um Our

399
00:25:24,560 --> 00:25:27,520
Speaker 1: school meals didn't include salad. In those days, the French

400
00:25:27,560 --> 00:25:30,160
Speaker 1: only ate salad after the main course, and the salad

401
00:25:30,320 --> 00:25:34,439
Speaker 1: never contained any chunks, just lettuce. The word salad and

402
00:25:34,480 --> 00:25:38,040
Speaker 1: French can be translated either to the lettuce or salad,

403
00:25:38,840 --> 00:25:41,840
Speaker 1: and you toss it just before serving as your listener

404
00:25:41,880 --> 00:25:44,760
Speaker 1: previous listener who wrote in about this said, one day

405
00:25:44,800 --> 00:25:47,040
Speaker 1: my parents invited the family of one of the girls

406
00:25:47,040 --> 00:25:49,280
Speaker 1: in my grade to dinner. This family lived just down

407
00:25:49,320 --> 00:25:51,840
Speaker 1: the road from us. I think it was the parents

408
00:25:52,000 --> 00:25:54,000
Speaker 1: and one or two of the kids. They had a

409
00:25:54,040 --> 00:25:57,000
Speaker 1: large family, they weren't wealthy and probably didn't get invited

410
00:25:57,000 --> 00:25:58,840
Speaker 1: out to eat much, especially not to the home of

411
00:25:58,840 --> 00:26:02,040
Speaker 1: an American science tist. When it came to the salad course,

412
00:26:02,119 --> 00:26:04,880
Speaker 1: my mother handed the freshly tossed salad to the mother,

413
00:26:05,040 --> 00:26:07,520
Speaker 1: as is customed to start the serving with the female guest.

414
00:26:07,920 --> 00:26:10,280
Speaker 1: The ladies started to serve herself, but her daughter elbowed

415
00:26:10,320 --> 00:26:14,240
Speaker 1: her and said under her breath, poor fete. So her mother,

416
00:26:14,440 --> 00:26:17,320
Speaker 1: very embarrassed, stopped serving herself and instead toss the salad again,

417
00:26:17,560 --> 00:26:20,560
Speaker 1: then handed it back to my mother. This completely confused

418
00:26:20,560 --> 00:26:22,399
Speaker 1: my mother, and this is the only part of that

419
00:26:22,440 --> 00:26:26,520
Speaker 1: meal that I remember. I gathered from this that it

420
00:26:26,600 --> 00:26:29,320
Speaker 1: was customary to let the guests of honor toss the salad.

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00:26:29,760 --> 00:26:33,880
Speaker 1: That way everyone knows it was freshly tossed. And why

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00:26:33,920 --> 00:26:36,680
Speaker 1: the word tire are fatigue would be used for that,

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00:26:37,040 --> 00:26:39,639
Speaker 1: I don't know. Maybe once the salad is tossed, it

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00:26:39,760 --> 00:26:43,240
Speaker 1: is tired. My husband. My husband and I have a

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00:26:43,280 --> 00:26:45,600
Speaker 1: small house in Normandy, France, so we now spend eight

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00:26:45,640 --> 00:26:48,120
Speaker 1: to ten weeks a year in France. We actually don't

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00:26:48,160 --> 00:26:50,119
Speaker 1: eat out much, but when we do, I notice that

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00:26:50,160 --> 00:26:52,560
Speaker 1: the French don't normally eat salads after the meal like

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00:26:52,600 --> 00:26:54,960
Speaker 1: they used to, or at least not in restaurants, and

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00:26:55,000 --> 00:26:58,320
Speaker 1: they now have what they called salad compos which means

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00:26:58,320 --> 00:27:02,320
Speaker 1: a salad with other things it. Of course there are

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00:27:02,320 --> 00:27:05,800
Speaker 1: salad sirs are Caesar, but also many others. They are

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00:27:05,840 --> 00:27:08,359
Speaker 1: served as a lunch meal normally, but are listed above

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00:27:08,400 --> 00:27:11,080
Speaker 1: the main course. So maybe some people eat salads as

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00:27:11,119 --> 00:27:13,840
Speaker 1: an entree like we do. The once I've ordered are

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00:27:13,880 --> 00:27:17,320
Speaker 1: too big to be an entree. I had one recently

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00:27:17,359 --> 00:27:22,159
Speaker 1: called salad Normand, which included three or four cheeses, turkey strips,

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00:27:22,200 --> 00:27:26,800
Speaker 1: boiled eggs, pecans, and mayo, And that brings me to mayo.

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00:27:27,640 --> 00:27:30,040
Speaker 1: I like maynon is, but my husband doesn't, so my

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00:27:30,119 --> 00:27:32,520
Speaker 1: kids didn't grow up with it. My son hates it.

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00:27:32,640 --> 00:27:35,679
Speaker 1: I mean he thinks it is actually evil. In n

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00:27:36,480 --> 00:27:38,400
Speaker 1: we were going to spend a sabbatical in the Netherlands

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00:27:38,440 --> 00:27:40,400
Speaker 1: and we bought a v W Jetta, which we parked

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00:27:40,440 --> 00:27:43,240
Speaker 1: up in Luxembourg. We drove to Belgium for a first night.

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00:27:43,560 --> 00:27:45,240
Speaker 1: We didn't know that it was the night of a

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00:27:45,280 --> 00:27:48,360
Speaker 1: twenty four hour road race in that area. It took

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00:27:48,359 --> 00:27:50,120
Speaker 1: a while to find a hotel that had a room

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00:27:50,160 --> 00:27:54,120
Speaker 1: available that night. The street below our hotel room was noisy.

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00:27:54,320 --> 00:27:56,960
Speaker 1: We were tired enough that we slept anyway. In the morning,

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00:27:56,960 --> 00:27:58,960
Speaker 1: we packed up and went down to our brand new

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00:27:59,080 --> 00:28:01,520
Speaker 1: dark blue car. Sitting on the top of the car

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00:28:01,720 --> 00:28:06,360
Speaker 1: was a huge load of fret with mayo. Yeah, we

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00:28:06,440 --> 00:28:08,119
Speaker 1: did the best week good to get the Mayo off

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00:28:08,160 --> 00:28:10,119
Speaker 1: the top of the car, but it left a staying

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00:28:10,119 --> 00:28:13,320
Speaker 1: there made on the car for years. My son was

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00:28:13,520 --> 00:28:18,360
Speaker 1: very upset. He was eight. Oh formative Mayo memories, true,

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00:28:19,119 --> 00:28:22,800
Speaker 1: that would be very upsetting. Yeah, also a waste of

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00:28:22,880 --> 00:28:27,880
Speaker 1: freat right, it looks so hard and it looks very

459
00:28:27,920 --> 00:28:32,520
Speaker 1: like personally upset right now, I am oh gosh um, oh,

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00:28:32,560 --> 00:28:34,720
Speaker 1: that that clears it up so much. I couldn't quite

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00:28:34,720 --> 00:28:38,880
Speaker 1: figure out why, uh like, composed salads were such a

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00:28:38,880 --> 00:28:44,360
Speaker 1: big differentiated category from salads in French. And so oh,

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00:28:44,400 --> 00:28:47,800
Speaker 1: thank you, yes, thank you so much, gosh um, Taylor wrote,

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00:28:48,360 --> 00:28:50,480
Speaker 1: I was listening to the show on cod and was

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00:28:50,480 --> 00:28:52,440
Speaker 1: waiting for you to mention this fact, because it seems

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00:28:52,480 --> 00:28:54,280
Speaker 1: right up your alley. To my shock, there was no

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00:28:54,360 --> 00:28:57,880
Speaker 1: mention of the war between Iceland and the UK over cod.

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00:28:58,320 --> 00:29:03,120
Speaker 1: All war about co okay okay. Not really a war,

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00:29:03,360 --> 00:29:06,920
Speaker 1: but there were some militarized disputes and one person died.

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00:29:07,080 --> 00:29:09,720
Speaker 1: It was an accident over the fishing rights in the

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00:29:09,760 --> 00:29:14,200
Speaker 1: waters around Iceland. Because of the rise in popularity over

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00:29:14,280 --> 00:29:17,040
Speaker 1: fish and chips, the waters around the UK had been

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00:29:17,080 --> 00:29:19,640
Speaker 1: over fished of cod, forcing the fishermen to venture further

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00:29:19,720 --> 00:29:23,920
Speaker 1: and further towards Iceland. This caused Icelandic fishermen to become

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00:29:23,960 --> 00:29:28,200
Speaker 1: more and more upset and therefore war. The even more

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00:29:28,200 --> 00:29:31,480
Speaker 1: impressive thing is that there was more than one cod war.

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00:29:31,960 --> 00:29:35,080
Speaker 1: The first took place in nineteen fifty eight, the second

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00:29:35,120 --> 00:29:38,880
Speaker 1: in nineteen seventy two, and the third in nineteen seventy five.

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00:29:39,800 --> 00:29:42,880
Speaker 1: They ended with fishing treaties, where the UK was allowed

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00:29:42,920 --> 00:29:46,440
Speaker 1: to catch one fifty thousand tons of fish and Iceland

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00:29:46,600 --> 00:29:50,880
Speaker 1: increased its territorial waters to fifty miles around the island.

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00:29:51,280 --> 00:29:53,480
Speaker 1: There is a stuff U missed in history class show

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00:29:53,720 --> 00:29:57,760
Speaker 1: on the Cod Wars as well the Cod Wars. Oh gosh,

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00:29:57,800 --> 00:30:01,280
Speaker 1: that's great. Yeah, definitely definitely go search stuff you missed

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00:30:01,280 --> 00:30:05,720
Speaker 1: in history Cod Wars. I'm sure I want to know

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00:30:05,800 --> 00:30:10,000
Speaker 1: more about that now, I do too, I too, Fish

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00:30:10,040 --> 00:30:13,160
Speaker 1: and chips Man. Yeah, also cod Gosh, that was a

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00:30:13,160 --> 00:30:18,000
Speaker 1: fun episode. That was a fun one. Thanks to both

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00:30:18,040 --> 00:30:19,760
Speaker 1: of them for writing in. If you would like to

490
00:30:19,800 --> 00:30:22,360
Speaker 1: write to us, you can our email is hello at

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00:30:22,360 --> 00:30:25,120
Speaker 1: savor pod dot com. We're also on social media. You

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00:30:25,160 --> 00:30:29,040
Speaker 1: can find us on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram at savor pod.

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00:30:29,400 --> 00:30:31,800
Speaker 1: We do hope to hear from you. Savor is production

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00:30:31,800 --> 00:30:34,400
Speaker 1: of I Heart Radio and Stuff Media. For more podcasts

495
00:30:34,400 --> 00:30:36,120
Speaker 1: from my Heart Radio, you can visit the I Heart

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00:30:36,200 --> 00:30:39,120
Speaker 1: Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your

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00:30:39,120 --> 00:30:42,800
Speaker 1: favorite shows. Thanks as always to her superproducers Dylan Fagan

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00:30:42,840 --> 00:30:45,040
Speaker 1: and Andrew Howard. Thanks to you for listening, and we

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00:30:45,080 --> 00:30:46,920
Speaker 1: hope that lots more good things are coming your way,