1
00:00:00,560 --> 00:00:03,840
Speaker 1: Hey, everybody, it's Josh and Chuck is here in spirit too,

2
00:00:04,120 --> 00:00:07,120
Speaker 1: and we just wanted to drop a casual reminder that

3
00:00:07,160 --> 00:00:11,440
Speaker 1: we are going to have a swinging Pacific Northwest Swing

4
00:00:11,640 --> 00:00:15,160
Speaker 1: this coming February, and tickets are now on sale. February

5
00:00:15,200 --> 00:00:18,280
Speaker 1: one will be at the More Theater in Seattle, February

6
00:00:18,320 --> 00:00:22,200
Speaker 1: two will be at Revolution Hall in Portland, and on

7
00:00:22,239 --> 00:00:25,439
Speaker 1: February three, for SF Sketch Fest, will be at the

8
00:00:25,480 --> 00:00:28,800
Speaker 1: Sydney Goldstein Theater. Go check out all of our social

9
00:00:28,840 --> 00:00:32,479
Speaker 1: media's for more information and links to tickets, and we'll

10
00:00:32,520 --> 00:00:38,240
Speaker 1: see you in February. Hey, everybody, have you ever been

11
00:00:38,240 --> 00:00:41,680
Speaker 1: buried under ash from a volcano? Well? I haven't either,

12
00:00:41,760 --> 00:00:45,000
Speaker 1: but the people of Pompey were, so this episode How

13
00:00:45,040 --> 00:00:48,559
Speaker 1: Pompey Worked goes back to February and it was a

14
00:00:48,560 --> 00:00:51,319
Speaker 1: good one. It's our real cracker, so check it out. Now.

15
00:00:55,320 --> 00:00:58,120
Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you Should Know, a production of I

16
00:00:58,240 --> 00:01:08,559
Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark,

17
00:01:08,880 --> 00:01:12,800
Speaker 1: There's Charles w Chuck Bryant, there's Jerry over there. We're

18
00:01:12,800 --> 00:01:16,280
Speaker 1: all wearing togas, which makes the Stuff you Should Know,

19
00:01:17,440 --> 00:01:22,759
Speaker 1: the Ancient Roman Edition or the Animal House Edition. Yeah

20
00:01:22,760 --> 00:01:27,600
Speaker 1: it could be. I'm blue do I just saw that

21
00:01:27,600 --> 00:01:31,840
Speaker 1: that movie that Netflix movie about Oh yeah, Doug Kenny

22
00:01:31,920 --> 00:01:36,800
Speaker 1: and then Lampoon. Is it good? Well, the documentary is better.

23
00:01:37,760 --> 00:01:42,240
Speaker 1: Oh is this like a biopic? Uh? Yeah, I mean yeah,

24
00:01:42,480 --> 00:01:46,080
Speaker 1: it's a movie movie. I got you. Yeah, I judge

25
00:01:46,120 --> 00:01:49,640
Speaker 1: my um what I watch on Netflix just based on

26
00:01:49,760 --> 00:01:53,280
Speaker 1: like the illustration or the drawing or the art. And

27
00:01:53,400 --> 00:01:55,600
Speaker 1: sometimes that's a good rule of thumb, in other times

28
00:01:55,600 --> 00:01:57,880
Speaker 1: it's not. But that one I kind of avoided it

29
00:01:57,920 --> 00:02:00,920
Speaker 1: because of the art. Yeah, I mean it's not great.

30
00:02:00,960 --> 00:02:03,960
Speaker 1: I kind of enjoyed it because I like all the

31
00:02:04,000 --> 00:02:07,160
Speaker 1: people and it's kind of fun seeing someone be Bill

32
00:02:07,280 --> 00:02:10,280
Speaker 1: Murray and someone be Chevy Chase and John Belushi and

33
00:02:10,360 --> 00:02:12,920
Speaker 1: a little bit of the making of Animal House and Caddyshack.

34
00:02:13,000 --> 00:02:15,720
Speaker 1: But ultimately the documentary is much better. What's the name

35
00:02:15,720 --> 00:02:21,480
Speaker 1: of the documentary, um A drunk, stoned, brilliant dead, or

36
00:02:21,560 --> 00:02:23,960
Speaker 1: some combination of those words. I'm not sure I've come

37
00:02:24,000 --> 00:02:27,120
Speaker 1: across that. Yeah, that's that's really good. But brilliant and

38
00:02:27,160 --> 00:02:31,080
Speaker 1: feudal gesture, feudal and stupid gesture. Yeah, that's right. Is uh?

39
00:02:31,400 --> 00:02:35,840
Speaker 1: I give it two stars. I don't know how out

40
00:02:35,880 --> 00:02:40,040
Speaker 1: of how many though, I've just been steady consuming riff

41
00:02:40,120 --> 00:02:45,320
Speaker 1: tracks as fast as they'll clear him on Amazon Prime. Really, yeah,

42
00:02:45,440 --> 00:02:48,200
Speaker 1: that stuff never gets old. It really doesn't. It really

43
00:02:48,200 --> 00:02:52,040
Speaker 1: really doesn't. All right, Chuck. Now that we've gotten our

44
00:02:52,760 --> 00:02:55,640
Speaker 1: initial tangent a k a. The introduction out of the

45
00:02:55,680 --> 00:03:03,320
Speaker 1: way recommended viewing, right, um, let's talk Pompeii. Yeah, because

46
00:03:03,360 --> 00:03:06,200
Speaker 1: I mean that's what we're doing today. And frankly, it's

47
00:03:06,280 --> 00:03:10,359
Speaker 1: two thousand and eighteen. We've been doing this for almost

48
00:03:10,400 --> 00:03:12,280
Speaker 1: a decade now, we're coming up on a decade in

49
00:03:12,320 --> 00:03:16,400
Speaker 1: a few months in April. Yeah, and we this is

50
00:03:16,440 --> 00:03:19,400
Speaker 1: the first we're doing on Pompeii. And that is just

51
00:03:19,520 --> 00:03:23,079
Speaker 1: utterly mind blowing to me. It really is, considering we've

52
00:03:23,080 --> 00:03:28,399
Speaker 1: done shows on both volcanoes and super volcanoes um and

53
00:03:28,480 --> 00:03:34,200
Speaker 1: our our show on tiny volcanoes all right, that was

54
00:03:34,280 --> 00:03:38,400
Speaker 1: Little the Littlest Volcano. That was so good. It is

55
00:03:38,400 --> 00:03:40,480
Speaker 1: weird that we're finally getting around to us. Yeah, it

56
00:03:40,480 --> 00:03:43,160
Speaker 1: really is. Because we've also done like the Seven Wonders,

57
00:03:43,160 --> 00:03:46,840
Speaker 1: We've done tons of archaeology stuff. It's it's strange. We

58
00:03:46,880 --> 00:03:50,320
Speaker 1: did one on the real Atlantis, remember that one. Nope,

59
00:03:50,880 --> 00:03:52,520
Speaker 1: it was a good one. You should go back and

60
00:03:52,560 --> 00:03:57,520
Speaker 1: listen to it. Really, yeah, man, Yeah, I was like, oh, Monopoly,

61
00:03:57,560 --> 00:03:59,360
Speaker 1: we haven't done one on that and looked it up

62
00:03:59,360 --> 00:04:01,160
Speaker 1: and yep, we should have. I do remember that one.

63
00:04:01,480 --> 00:04:05,880
Speaker 1: I was scouring my brain like, Okay, what what was

64
00:04:05,960 --> 00:04:08,960
Speaker 1: this episode? Like? What did we talk about? Nothing? It's

65
00:04:09,000 --> 00:04:12,440
Speaker 1: like it never happened. I mean, maybe we should just

66
00:04:12,480 --> 00:04:14,240
Speaker 1: go back and re record some of these for our

67
00:04:14,280 --> 00:04:19,520
Speaker 1: own benefit. Okay, reboot our own show, right just for us?

68
00:04:20,400 --> 00:04:25,080
Speaker 1: So um, okay, Well, we are finally talking POMPEII, and

69
00:04:25,160 --> 00:04:27,640
Speaker 1: to do that, we have to go back the way

70
00:04:27,640 --> 00:04:32,159
Speaker 1: Back machine and we should probably bring helmets and the

71
00:04:32,279 --> 00:04:36,560
Speaker 1: dog attack outfits that those those trainers wear. Yeah, and

72
00:04:36,600 --> 00:04:39,039
Speaker 1: also we need to fuel the way back with olive

73
00:04:39,080 --> 00:04:42,039
Speaker 1: oil on this trip. Let's we need to retrofit it

74
00:04:42,080 --> 00:04:44,480
Speaker 1: because we'll be in big trouble if we don't. Well,

75
00:04:44,560 --> 00:04:47,279
Speaker 1: let's use the good stuff, like the really high grade stuff,

76
00:04:47,279 --> 00:04:49,760
Speaker 1: because it burns my throat. I like the mid grade

77
00:04:49,920 --> 00:04:52,279
Speaker 1: e v o O, So let's save that for eating,

78
00:04:53,120 --> 00:04:55,880
Speaker 1: use the high test stuff for traveling. Oh you don't

79
00:04:55,920 --> 00:04:59,160
Speaker 1: like really get olive wood? H No, I don't I

80
00:04:59,480 --> 00:05:01,159
Speaker 1: want to say that I do, but I don't. It

81
00:05:01,200 --> 00:05:05,680
Speaker 1: burns my throat. Yeah, like when you just do shots

82
00:05:05,720 --> 00:05:09,520
Speaker 1: of it. Yeah, maybe that's the problem. Shot of olive oil,

83
00:05:09,720 --> 00:05:15,040
Speaker 1: shot of crank case soil. Well, you know what they say,

84
00:05:15,200 --> 00:05:18,719
Speaker 1: olive oil before crank case oil never sicker, right, No,

85
00:05:18,839 --> 00:05:27,880
Speaker 1: it's the other. Oh god, alright. So we're in the

86
00:05:27,920 --> 00:05:31,839
Speaker 1: way back machine. We have our our rescue gear. We

87
00:05:31,880 --> 00:05:35,160
Speaker 1: have our olive oil. It's our dog attack gear. Sure

88
00:05:35,360 --> 00:05:38,560
Speaker 1: why because the dogs there? No, because of the falling

89
00:05:38,640 --> 00:05:41,920
Speaker 1: pummice in stone that's about to hit the area. Yeah,

90
00:05:41,960 --> 00:05:44,719
Speaker 1: but there. I just wondered because they're very famously was

91
00:05:44,720 --> 00:05:47,680
Speaker 1: a cast of a dog, and there's actually a very

92
00:05:47,720 --> 00:05:52,680
Speaker 1: famous mosaic that says cave conum, which is aware of dog. Okay,

93
00:05:52,880 --> 00:05:55,680
Speaker 1: so yeah there are dogs there. Well, good thing, we

94
00:05:55,760 --> 00:06:01,640
Speaker 1: got that suit right in our nice dispositions. Good dog. Okay.

95
00:06:01,680 --> 00:06:04,280
Speaker 1: So we're we're here. It's pretty nice. It's a very

96
00:06:04,360 --> 00:06:08,239
Speaker 1: nice area. It's pretty well populated. This is Pompeii itself,

97
00:06:08,920 --> 00:06:11,720
Speaker 1: and Pompeii is one of several towns right around here

98
00:06:11,760 --> 00:06:13,800
Speaker 1: on the Bay of Naples. And if you look up

99
00:06:13,839 --> 00:06:19,600
Speaker 1: over here, that giant, almost cartoonishly volcanic volcano over there.

100
00:06:20,480 --> 00:06:24,200
Speaker 1: That's Vesuvious. It's like an eight year old drew of

101
00:06:24,279 --> 00:06:26,839
Speaker 1: volcano and put it in Italy at the Bay of

102
00:06:26,920 --> 00:06:31,839
Speaker 1: Naples by Naples, and uh, that's it. That's that's Vesuvius.

103
00:06:31,839 --> 00:06:37,680
Speaker 1: It's a it's what's called a strato volcano. That's right. Uh,

104
00:06:37,720 --> 00:06:40,120
Speaker 1: And well, I guess we should. You can go back

105
00:06:40,120 --> 00:06:45,360
Speaker 1: and listen to volcanoes from December two thousand ten or

106
00:06:45,400 --> 00:06:49,000
Speaker 1: super volcanoes just last April. But for those of you

107
00:06:49,040 --> 00:06:51,920
Speaker 1: don't know, a strato volcano is sort of if you

108
00:06:51,960 --> 00:06:55,800
Speaker 1: think about the just the run of the mill traditional

109
00:06:55,960 --> 00:06:59,800
Speaker 1: volcano and a cartoon where it just pops like a

110
00:07:00,000 --> 00:07:03,920
Speaker 1: campaigne bottle, that's a strato volcano. Yeah, and it's it's

111
00:07:04,080 --> 00:07:07,120
Speaker 1: actually just built up from previous explosions. So the very

112
00:07:07,160 --> 00:07:10,080
Speaker 1: presence of a strato volcano indicates that there's been a

113
00:07:10,160 --> 00:07:13,240
Speaker 1: lot of activity in that area and it's blown straight

114
00:07:13,320 --> 00:07:15,560
Speaker 1: up into the air and then come down and settle

115
00:07:15,600 --> 00:07:17,600
Speaker 1: down around it, and now you have a new layer

116
00:07:18,080 --> 00:07:20,400
Speaker 1: and it just builds up as a cone. And the

117
00:07:20,480 --> 00:07:22,840
Speaker 1: thing about the strato volcanoes, like you said, it pops

118
00:07:22,840 --> 00:07:25,200
Speaker 1: like a cork. The reason it does that is because

119
00:07:25,240 --> 00:07:28,320
Speaker 1: the lava that's kind of slowly growing and building up

120
00:07:28,360 --> 00:07:32,440
Speaker 1: over time, UM has gases that it seeps into the rock,

121
00:07:32,600 --> 00:07:35,920
Speaker 1: the surrounding rock that makes up the volcano, right and

122
00:07:36,440 --> 00:07:39,960
Speaker 1: um when those gases finally overcome a certain threshold, the

123
00:07:39,960 --> 00:07:43,720
Speaker 1: pressure threshold, that's when that cork goes off. And it's

124
00:07:43,760 --> 00:07:49,720
Speaker 1: about to happen, because it's either August or September or October,

125
00:07:52,760 --> 00:07:56,120
Speaker 1: and we're here in Pompeii. Yeah, and we should also

126
00:07:56,160 --> 00:07:58,880
Speaker 1: mention to you there are other volcanoes around if you

127
00:07:58,880 --> 00:08:03,640
Speaker 1: look around, because this isn't a unique area of Europe.

128
00:08:03,680 --> 00:08:06,920
Speaker 1: That is called the companion arc uh and there are

129
00:08:06,960 --> 00:08:08,360
Speaker 1: quite a few volcans, well not quite a few, but

130
00:08:08,400 --> 00:08:12,960
Speaker 1: there are several volcanoes. Vesuvius obviously the most active and

131
00:08:13,000 --> 00:08:17,920
Speaker 1: deadly um and famous. But what the companion arc is

132
00:08:18,160 --> 00:08:23,240
Speaker 1: or companion is there's a process called subduction where basically

133
00:08:23,320 --> 00:08:27,200
Speaker 1: a tectonic plate bumps up against another one and moves

134
00:08:27,280 --> 00:08:30,720
Speaker 1: down into the mantle beneath the other plate. And that's

135
00:08:30,760 --> 00:08:33,559
Speaker 1: what's going on here where the African plate is meeting

136
00:08:33,600 --> 00:08:36,679
Speaker 1: the Eurasian plate. Right. So there's like all that um

137
00:08:36,920 --> 00:08:40,520
Speaker 1: hot molten earth that's kind of bubbling up through that seam,

138
00:08:40,559 --> 00:08:43,160
Speaker 1: and one of those holes is the volcano that we

139
00:08:43,200 --> 00:08:47,079
Speaker 1: know is Vesuvius. Right, yes, okay, so we got here

140
00:08:47,160 --> 00:08:48,880
Speaker 1: just in time to look around for a little bit

141
00:08:48,880 --> 00:08:51,560
Speaker 1: and kind of take in the the culture of the

142
00:08:51,640 --> 00:08:55,960
Speaker 1: area before the volcano. It's very nice. It is very nice.

143
00:08:56,000 --> 00:09:00,480
Speaker 1: It was like a very very wealthy town, but not

144
00:09:00,600 --> 00:09:02,960
Speaker 1: really an important town as far as the Roman Empire

145
00:09:03,040 --> 00:09:06,160
Speaker 1: was concerned, but there were there was an inordinate amount

146
00:09:06,160 --> 00:09:11,200
Speaker 1: of wealthy people, and those wealthy people were inordinately wealthy. Um,

147
00:09:11,240 --> 00:09:13,439
Speaker 1: and they spend a lot of money on the town.

148
00:09:13,480 --> 00:09:18,000
Speaker 1: There's lots of statues everywhere. There's a good number of temples. Um.

149
00:09:18,040 --> 00:09:21,720
Speaker 1: There's one to isis. Uh, there's one a Jupiter. Um.

150
00:09:21,760 --> 00:09:26,000
Speaker 1: There's a big amphitheater and a big theater as well,

151
00:09:26,160 --> 00:09:30,079
Speaker 1: two separate things. Yeah, there's one that holds twenty thousand people,

152
00:09:30,160 --> 00:09:33,680
Speaker 1: which um, at its peak, that's how many people lived

153
00:09:33,679 --> 00:09:37,200
Speaker 1: in Pompeii. Which is a very democratic thing to do,

154
00:09:37,320 --> 00:09:41,440
Speaker 1: to say that, hey, uh, we're gonna host a show

155
00:09:41,480 --> 00:09:43,200
Speaker 1: here and we want everyone to be able to come

156
00:09:43,679 --> 00:09:46,040
Speaker 1: right and and that that's pretty cool that they did

157
00:09:46,040 --> 00:09:49,000
Speaker 1: do that, because there's a pretty mixed population in Pompeii

158
00:09:49,040 --> 00:09:53,400
Speaker 1: at the time, Pompeii and suburban Pompeii, which included Herculaneum,

159
00:09:53,800 --> 00:09:58,640
Speaker 1: uh Stabia, and um what was the other one, Chuck,

160
00:09:59,600 --> 00:10:06,959
Speaker 1: there's uh plazas, plazas Okay, Okay, So there's this string

161
00:10:07,000 --> 00:10:09,439
Speaker 1: of towns, but Pompeii is definitely the biggest of all

162
00:10:09,480 --> 00:10:11,760
Speaker 1: of them, and that's kind of like the center of

163
00:10:11,800 --> 00:10:14,840
Speaker 1: the area, right. But there's a lot of different people,

164
00:10:14,840 --> 00:10:17,079
Speaker 1: a lot of different type of people who were kind

165
00:10:17,120 --> 00:10:20,240
Speaker 1: of who kind of gravitated towards Pompeii. It was like

166
00:10:20,280 --> 00:10:23,680
Speaker 1: a cosmopolitan area, right, So you had wealthy people, you

167
00:10:23,679 --> 00:10:26,719
Speaker 1: have poor people, you have people from different areas. That's right.

168
00:10:26,880 --> 00:10:30,640
Speaker 1: And it was also kind of unique for its time

169
00:10:30,640 --> 00:10:32,720
Speaker 1: and that it was. It was a bit of a

170
00:10:32,800 --> 00:10:39,400
Speaker 1: resort town, so wealthy people all around Italy. Actually, some

171
00:10:39,520 --> 00:10:42,080
Speaker 1: of them would have I guess what you would call

172
00:10:42,120 --> 00:10:44,840
Speaker 1: it now would be a vacation home. Uh. And that

173
00:10:44,960 --> 00:10:47,240
Speaker 1: kind of got me down a rabbit hole of vacationing,

174
00:10:47,320 --> 00:10:49,400
Speaker 1: Like when did that actually begin? Because I had no

175
00:10:49,480 --> 00:10:54,880
Speaker 1: idea that the people of ancient Italy vacations. Yeah, but

176
00:10:54,960 --> 00:10:57,400
Speaker 1: apparently it's the thing. And even Nero is said to

177
00:10:57,520 --> 00:11:00,599
Speaker 1: maybe have had a place at Pompeii. Uh, And I

178
00:11:00,640 --> 00:11:02,400
Speaker 1: guess it's just you know, the weather here is lovely.

179
00:11:02,440 --> 00:11:06,000
Speaker 1: There's wine and olive oil everywhere. Like I said, that

180
00:11:06,040 --> 00:11:08,720
Speaker 1: big theater they built that and said, one day Pink

181
00:11:08,760 --> 00:11:12,600
Speaker 1: Floyd shall play here. Man, I watched that Echoes video

182
00:11:12,679 --> 00:11:15,680
Speaker 1: like ten times while I was researching this. It's pretty cool.

183
00:11:15,720 --> 00:11:17,360
Speaker 1: For those of you who don't know, Pink Floyd did

184
00:11:17,360 --> 00:11:22,560
Speaker 1: a very famous live concert, um, well not a concert

185
00:11:22,880 --> 00:11:27,600
Speaker 1: concert for no one, a live performance um in front

186
00:11:27,640 --> 00:11:31,080
Speaker 1: of whatever fifteen crew people that were filming it. Yeah,

187
00:11:31,160 --> 00:11:33,920
Speaker 1: in the middle of the Amphitheater at POMPEII. Yeah it's

188
00:11:33,920 --> 00:11:37,520
Speaker 1: a little trippy, Yeah, just a dad um. But then

189
00:11:37,600 --> 00:11:40,880
Speaker 1: David Gilmour uh a couple of years ago, I think

190
00:11:40,880 --> 00:11:43,320
Speaker 1: in two thousand and sixteen did a show there with

191
00:11:43,360 --> 00:11:48,040
Speaker 1: actual people there and it was the first like attended

192
00:11:48,080 --> 00:11:52,199
Speaker 1: concert event there since you know the Volcano Incante. Really

193
00:11:52,240 --> 00:11:55,199
Speaker 1: cool since the v I. Yeah, but and that also

194
00:11:55,520 --> 00:11:57,520
Speaker 1: is will kind of see in a little while. That

195
00:11:57,640 --> 00:12:03,280
Speaker 1: really gives away like just how accessible POMPEII is, the excavated,

196
00:12:03,360 --> 00:12:06,520
Speaker 1: ruined city. Um that you could go see a David

197
00:12:06,559 --> 00:12:12,280
Speaker 1: Gilmour concert there. Yeah. Um, like I said, wine and

198
00:12:12,320 --> 00:12:14,360
Speaker 1: olive oil was kind of one of the main trades.

199
00:12:14,400 --> 00:12:18,440
Speaker 1: But it was just a very rich farmland area because

200
00:12:18,800 --> 00:12:22,600
Speaker 1: that volcanic soil is so rich in nutrients. And they

201
00:12:22,600 --> 00:12:26,000
Speaker 1: were right there by the water with the Sarno River

202
00:12:26,559 --> 00:12:28,480
Speaker 1: and then right there on the bay, and they just

203
00:12:29,240 --> 00:12:33,520
Speaker 1: like life live in life there was pretty good and

204
00:12:33,800 --> 00:12:37,360
Speaker 1: even the slaves apparently could earn money and potentially even

205
00:12:37,400 --> 00:12:40,760
Speaker 1: by their freedom, which was pretty unusual. Um. I have

206
00:12:40,880 --> 00:12:43,199
Speaker 1: to say, also, you mean and I went to Pompeii,

207
00:12:43,240 --> 00:12:46,199
Speaker 1: as I've told you, and I can attest about that

208
00:12:46,440 --> 00:12:50,120
Speaker 1: that farmland and the fertility of it. They have lemons,

209
00:12:50,720 --> 00:12:54,199
Speaker 1: no joke, the size of your head, like they look

210
00:12:54,280 --> 00:12:56,680
Speaker 1: like you shouldn't. You shouldn't stand too close to them.

211
00:12:57,000 --> 00:12:59,160
Speaker 1: What do you do with that much? I don't, I

212
00:12:59,200 --> 00:13:01,800
Speaker 1: don't know. I'm mean make lemonade, I guess if you're

213
00:13:01,800 --> 00:13:05,400
Speaker 1: an optimist. Yeah, but it's just like you get one

214
00:13:05,480 --> 00:13:08,840
Speaker 1: lemon and you've really got fourteen lemons pretty much all right.

215
00:13:09,679 --> 00:13:12,800
Speaker 1: I think you're just slowly but surely cut away at it,

216
00:13:13,160 --> 00:13:16,800
Speaker 1: squeeze it into your face, pick up another piece, do

217
00:13:16,840 --> 00:13:22,240
Speaker 1: it again. Got you should we take a break. I

218
00:13:22,480 --> 00:13:25,079
Speaker 1: think that we weren't ready for a break yet until

219
00:13:25,120 --> 00:13:27,600
Speaker 1: that last joke, and now we are. Okay, So yeah,

220
00:13:27,920 --> 00:13:29,720
Speaker 1: all right, we'll be back right after this and talk

221
00:13:30,600 --> 00:13:34,079
Speaker 1: a little bit about the v I as watch my

222
00:13:35,760 --> 00:13:56,000
Speaker 1: sk sk but you should know I sk alright, Chuck,

223
00:13:56,280 --> 00:14:01,080
Speaker 1: what is the v I? The volcano incidet okay, I

224
00:14:01,120 --> 00:14:04,400
Speaker 1: didn't realize it had been abbreviated, or the big one.

225
00:14:05,120 --> 00:14:07,840
Speaker 1: That's a good one too, So let's go with the

226
00:14:08,200 --> 00:14:12,160
Speaker 1: let's go with the b oh Okay. So um Pompey,

227
00:14:12,240 --> 00:14:15,280
Speaker 1: it's this nice driving city of twenty thousands. It's a

228
00:14:15,280 --> 00:14:20,680
Speaker 1: resort area to um and on. I guess the morning

229
00:14:20,960 --> 00:14:24,960
Speaker 1: of August, and we should say that date is actually

230
00:14:25,120 --> 00:14:27,040
Speaker 1: up for debate. Well sure, I guess we'll talk about

231
00:14:27,040 --> 00:14:28,640
Speaker 1: it a little more later, but we're going with August

232
00:14:29,160 --> 00:14:33,840
Speaker 1: because that's the date that's still in use. Um. There

233
00:14:33,880 --> 00:14:36,840
Speaker 1: was a rumble from Vesuvius. There was an earthquake in

234
00:14:36,880 --> 00:14:40,800
Speaker 1: the area enough to like get everybody's attention. But supposedly

235
00:14:40,840 --> 00:14:44,680
Speaker 1: that wasn't a very infrequent occurrence. That that Vesuvius caused

236
00:14:44,760 --> 00:14:48,160
Speaker 1: earthquakes pretty pretty frequently in the region, and it wasn't

237
00:14:48,160 --> 00:14:51,400
Speaker 1: a big cause of panic. Yeah, Like one reason so

238
00:14:51,440 --> 00:14:54,280
Speaker 1: many people died because I think because they were used

239
00:14:54,280 --> 00:14:56,880
Speaker 1: to that kind of activity and they were like, man,

240
00:14:56,920 --> 00:14:58,640
Speaker 1: a big deal. We're used to the earth moving under

241
00:14:58,640 --> 00:15:01,600
Speaker 1: our feet. No reason to to flee the town, right,

242
00:15:01,600 --> 00:15:05,160
Speaker 1: There have been a pretty substantial earthquake sixteen years before,

243
00:15:05,160 --> 00:15:09,080
Speaker 1: and I think sixty three ce Um where they had

244
00:15:09,120 --> 00:15:12,040
Speaker 1: to reconstruct a lot of stuff like entire temples and

245
00:15:12,080 --> 00:15:15,440
Speaker 1: things have been knocked down. So I'm sure they were like,

246
00:15:15,480 --> 00:15:18,640
Speaker 1: that's nothing compared to Old sixty three, the quake of

247
00:15:18,760 --> 00:15:23,400
Speaker 1: sixty three. Yeah. Yeah, and they also, um, they weren't

248
00:15:23,680 --> 00:15:29,240
Speaker 1: panicked because they the previous eruptions no one really knew about.

249
00:15:29,280 --> 00:15:32,360
Speaker 1: There were no records of those. There wasn't even they

250
00:15:32,360 --> 00:15:34,880
Speaker 1: didn't even say volcano. There wasn't a word for volcano,

251
00:15:35,560 --> 00:15:39,080
Speaker 1: so it wasn't really on their radar as Hey, this

252
00:15:39,160 --> 00:15:43,160
Speaker 1: thing has happened before on a grand scale. Uh. They

253
00:15:43,200 --> 00:15:45,320
Speaker 1: were just kind of enjoying their life. Yeah. There weren't

254
00:15:45,360 --> 00:15:49,720
Speaker 1: cartoons back then to be like that's a cartoonishly volcanic volcano,

255
00:15:49,880 --> 00:15:53,000
Speaker 1: that's right, So they that's kind of ironic too that

256
00:15:53,040 --> 00:15:55,280
Speaker 1: they didn't realize that there was a long history of

257
00:15:55,360 --> 00:15:59,440
Speaker 1: volcanic activity there because it turns out that modern volcanologists

258
00:15:59,440 --> 00:16:03,200
Speaker 1: in gall just an archaeologist, are pretty sure that there

259
00:16:03,200 --> 00:16:07,120
Speaker 1: are plenty of human settlements that were covered over by

260
00:16:07,160 --> 00:16:10,720
Speaker 1: the volcano, and that by the time Pompeii was built,

261
00:16:10,880 --> 00:16:13,600
Speaker 1: it was built atop these old settlements that have been

262
00:16:13,640 --> 00:16:17,000
Speaker 1: covered over. So it's like lost city thanks to the volcano.

263
00:16:17,240 --> 00:16:19,960
Speaker 1: Everybody forgets. Somebody's like, oh, this is a nice area,

264
00:16:20,000 --> 00:16:23,480
Speaker 1: will come build here, covered over by volcano. Everybody forgets

265
00:16:23,520 --> 00:16:26,720
Speaker 1: in the cycle repeats again, and that's where Pompeii found

266
00:16:26,760 --> 00:16:32,360
Speaker 1: itself and by s and so on this day the

267
00:16:32,400 --> 00:16:36,040
Speaker 1: earth rumbles And I want to direct you to this

268
00:16:36,160 --> 00:16:39,680
Speaker 1: really great website called open Culture and just search Destruction

269
00:16:39,720 --> 00:16:42,440
Speaker 1: of Pompeii Open Culture and they have a video it's

270
00:16:42,480 --> 00:16:45,320
Speaker 1: like eight minutes long, which is basically like a It's

271
00:16:45,360 --> 00:16:47,800
Speaker 1: like they placed a camera in the c g I

272
00:16:47,920 --> 00:16:52,600
Speaker 1: world of um Pompeii just and trained it on Vesuvius

273
00:16:53,000 --> 00:16:56,600
Speaker 1: and left it running for twenty four hours. And um,

274
00:16:56,640 --> 00:16:59,560
Speaker 1: it really gets to point across of how destructive this

275
00:16:59,560 --> 00:17:02,120
Speaker 1: this would have been. Yeah, I think we I think

276
00:17:02,120 --> 00:17:04,719
Speaker 1: you shouted that very same thing out on super volcanoes

277
00:17:04,920 --> 00:17:07,600
Speaker 1: had to have. It's a really cool video. If you

278
00:17:07,680 --> 00:17:09,480
Speaker 1: have you seen it yet, Yeah, yeah, I saw it

279
00:17:09,560 --> 00:17:12,440
Speaker 1: after you shouted it out. Yeah. I watched it again

280
00:17:12,480 --> 00:17:14,960
Speaker 1: this morning. And I think just from researching all of

281
00:17:15,000 --> 00:17:17,119
Speaker 1: this stuff, that really drove at home even more. It

282
00:17:17,200 --> 00:17:19,840
Speaker 1: was kind of unsettling to watch this time, you know

283
00:17:20,520 --> 00:17:27,520
Speaker 1: for sure. So uh, a little afternoon on is when this, um,

284
00:17:27,640 --> 00:17:32,040
Speaker 1: when this when the champagne cork popped. Uh. And they

285
00:17:32,560 --> 00:17:35,239
Speaker 1: were not ready for this. Uh, like we said, just

286
00:17:35,280 --> 00:17:38,480
Speaker 1: because of all the aforementioned reasons. Um. And the only

287
00:17:39,119 --> 00:17:42,159
Speaker 1: account or one of the only accounts we have is

288
00:17:42,560 --> 00:17:45,000
Speaker 1: we've talked about plenty of the elder and his nephew,

289
00:17:45,160 --> 00:17:49,160
Speaker 1: plenty the younger before. Uh, they were not there. They

290
00:17:49,160 --> 00:17:54,000
Speaker 1: were in my see Him, which is not too far away.

291
00:17:54,040 --> 00:17:56,240
Speaker 1: It was on the northwestern edge of the Bay of Naples,

292
00:17:56,880 --> 00:17:59,119
Speaker 1: but that's where plenty of the Elder was stationed. And

293
00:17:59,119 --> 00:18:00,840
Speaker 1: then plenty of the younger and his mom were there

294
00:18:00,840 --> 00:18:05,080
Speaker 1: as well. Uh. And apparently when this started to go down, UM,

295
00:18:05,080 --> 00:18:08,640
Speaker 1: plenty of the elder got a message from a friend saying, hey,

296
00:18:08,680 --> 00:18:12,240
Speaker 1: can you come and get me? It's going down, And

297
00:18:12,320 --> 00:18:15,439
Speaker 1: he took off to go and plenty the younger was like, no,

298
00:18:15,560 --> 00:18:18,960
Speaker 1: I'm gonna stay here, which was a pretty smart move. Yeah.

299
00:18:18,960 --> 00:18:21,119
Speaker 1: And and what's how do you pronounce that town? I

300
00:18:21,720 --> 00:18:25,960
Speaker 1: never tried my scene him is there right? Okay? So

301
00:18:26,560 --> 00:18:29,840
Speaker 1: he and his mom were there, and it's not really close.

302
00:18:29,920 --> 00:18:33,760
Speaker 1: I mean, as far as like Pompeii is concerned, Pompey

303
00:18:33,800 --> 00:18:36,720
Speaker 1: is way closer to Vesuvius than mycene him is. But

304
00:18:36,920 --> 00:18:41,200
Speaker 1: they still had an extremely harrowing um experience there on

305
00:18:41,320 --> 00:18:45,800
Speaker 1: mycene him too, just from the fallout from Vesuvius um,

306
00:18:45,840 --> 00:18:50,240
Speaker 1: even though Pompeii and Herculaneum and um uh Stabbia all

307
00:18:50,320 --> 00:18:54,160
Speaker 1: got the worst of it um plenty. The younger's account,

308
00:18:54,520 --> 00:18:59,040
Speaker 1: it's the only firsthand account of the eruption of Vesuvius. Then, um,

309
00:18:59,040 --> 00:19:02,880
Speaker 1: it's pretty scary stuff. Like he says, like the sky

310
00:19:03,000 --> 00:19:05,920
Speaker 1: went dark, but not dark, like the moon wasn't out,

311
00:19:06,000 --> 00:19:08,600
Speaker 1: or there weren't any stars. He said, it suddenly got

312
00:19:08,720 --> 00:19:11,680
Speaker 1: dark like somebody put a light out in an enclosed room,

313
00:19:11,800 --> 00:19:14,560
Speaker 1: like that kind of dark, like apparently you couldn't see

314
00:19:14,600 --> 00:19:17,080
Speaker 1: people just a few feet ahead of you. They just

315
00:19:17,119 --> 00:19:19,840
Speaker 1: got real dark, real fast. Yeah, And you can you

316
00:19:19,840 --> 00:19:23,040
Speaker 1: can read his entire account online but here's another nice

317
00:19:23,080 --> 00:19:25,760
Speaker 1: pull quote. You could hear the shrieks of women, the

318
00:19:25,760 --> 00:19:28,719
Speaker 1: wailing of infants, and the shouting of men. There were

319
00:19:28,760 --> 00:19:30,920
Speaker 1: some who prayed for death. In their terror of dying,

320
00:19:31,400 --> 00:19:33,960
Speaker 1: many besought the aid of the gods. But still more

321
00:19:33,960 --> 00:19:36,680
Speaker 1: imagine there were no gods left, and that the universe

322
00:19:36,760 --> 00:19:40,800
Speaker 1: was plunged into eternal darkness forever more. It's pretty grim, geez.

323
00:19:41,520 --> 00:19:45,760
Speaker 1: So this is again in Massini Um. I think I'm

324
00:19:45,760 --> 00:19:49,680
Speaker 1: not saying that right still seen him, my seeing him um.

325
00:19:49,840 --> 00:19:53,000
Speaker 1: And Pompeii the situation is much much, much worse. And

326
00:19:53,119 --> 00:19:55,080
Speaker 1: Pliny the Younger was saying that they were kind of

327
00:19:55,200 --> 00:19:57,919
Speaker 1: huddled in I think a house or something somewhere. But

328
00:19:58,000 --> 00:20:01,359
Speaker 1: even in this house, the ash that was like accumulating

329
00:20:01,400 --> 00:20:03,360
Speaker 1: around them and on top of them was so much

330
00:20:03,400 --> 00:20:05,159
Speaker 1: that they had to stand up every once in a

331
00:20:05,160 --> 00:20:08,359
Speaker 1: while and shake it off. It was again much worse

332
00:20:08,600 --> 00:20:11,560
Speaker 1: in Pompeii itself. There's a lot of ash falling and

333
00:20:11,600 --> 00:20:16,680
Speaker 1: covering people inside their houses and under structures, and either

334
00:20:16,760 --> 00:20:19,359
Speaker 1: you stay there and start to worry about getting buried,

335
00:20:19,600 --> 00:20:22,280
Speaker 1: or even worse, you start to worry about the roof

336
00:20:22,359 --> 00:20:26,200
Speaker 1: collapsing under the weight of all that gathering ash and pummice,

337
00:20:26,400 --> 00:20:29,400
Speaker 1: or you risk going out and being hit by one

338
00:20:29,440 --> 00:20:32,159
Speaker 1: of those pummice rocks, which if you've ever picked up

339
00:20:32,160 --> 00:20:35,200
Speaker 1: a volcanic rock, it is way lighter because it's very porous,

340
00:20:35,560 --> 00:20:39,520
Speaker 1: way lighter than a like a sedimentary rock of the

341
00:20:39,600 --> 00:20:42,080
Speaker 1: same size. But you still wouldn't want to get hit

342
00:20:42,119 --> 00:20:44,280
Speaker 1: in the head by one of those things after it's

343
00:20:44,320 --> 00:20:47,159
Speaker 1: falling twenty miles out of the sky. And this is

344
00:20:47,200 --> 00:20:50,440
Speaker 1: actually what they think. Um the height that this ejective

345
00:20:50,440 --> 00:20:53,800
Speaker 1: coming out of the volcano reached was twenty miles or

346
00:20:53,880 --> 00:20:56,960
Speaker 1: something like thirty two kilometers, I think. Yeah, So here's

347
00:20:57,000 --> 00:20:59,920
Speaker 1: here's a couple of stats for you. Um ash was

348
00:21:00,080 --> 00:21:02,640
Speaker 1: falling at a rate of about six inches an hour,

349
00:21:04,400 --> 00:21:07,240
Speaker 1: which is you know, that's if you imagine that as rain,

350
00:21:07,400 --> 00:21:09,520
Speaker 1: and if you've ever seen a rain like that, that's

351
00:21:09,560 --> 00:21:13,159
Speaker 1: an unbelievable amount of rain. So imagine that is Ashu

352
00:21:13,400 --> 00:21:17,680
Speaker 1: lava was flowing at about sixty eight miles an hour

353
00:21:17,800 --> 00:21:21,800
Speaker 1: by the time it started sailing down the hillside right right.

354
00:21:21,840 --> 00:21:23,760
Speaker 1: So so you've got a few things. You've got the

355
00:21:23,800 --> 00:21:26,680
Speaker 1: first explosion, the eruption, where like you said, the court

356
00:21:26,760 --> 00:21:30,320
Speaker 1: goes off the ejective goes into the air. Pliny described

357
00:21:30,320 --> 00:21:32,320
Speaker 1: it as like a great pine tree with a big

358
00:21:32,359 --> 00:21:35,360
Speaker 1: long trunk, and then way up high it branches out,

359
00:21:35,600 --> 00:21:39,239
Speaker 1: and those are now called pliny in eruptions um. And

360
00:21:39,280 --> 00:21:43,959
Speaker 1: then later on from all this activity, the the cone

361
00:21:44,040 --> 00:21:49,000
Speaker 1: of the volcano collapses, and when that happened, it shot

362
00:21:49,040 --> 00:21:52,639
Speaker 1: out this pyroclastic flow, which is made up of ash

363
00:21:52,680 --> 00:21:55,960
Speaker 1: and hot gas. From between. I think I saw four

364
00:21:56,040 --> 00:22:00,800
Speaker 1: hundred to fift hundred degrees fahrenheight, which is um a

365
00:22:00,880 --> 00:22:06,680
Speaker 1: substantial amount in celsius too. That's the that's the that's

366
00:22:06,680 --> 00:22:10,959
Speaker 1: the translation. And um, it's it's like you said, flowing.

367
00:22:11,040 --> 00:22:13,159
Speaker 1: I saw a hundred miles an hour. You saw sixty

368
00:22:13,200 --> 00:22:16,480
Speaker 1: three mile. But I mean that's one of those that's

369
00:22:16,480 --> 00:22:18,360
Speaker 1: one of those things that I'm sure you know they

370
00:22:18,359 --> 00:22:21,520
Speaker 1: can't really tell exactly, but at any rate that it's

371
00:22:21,520 --> 00:22:25,200
Speaker 1: going to be super fast, super fast, super hot. And

372
00:22:25,840 --> 00:22:29,000
Speaker 1: they think now, before they thought that everybody in Pompeii

373
00:22:29,119 --> 00:22:32,200
Speaker 1: died from being covered in ash um, they think now

374
00:22:32,240 --> 00:22:34,800
Speaker 1: that they actually died much more quickly than that, right

375
00:22:34,800 --> 00:22:38,040
Speaker 1: when that priorro clastic flow was anywhere near them, especially

376
00:22:38,040 --> 00:22:40,680
Speaker 1: when it overtook them, it would have killed them instantly,

377
00:22:41,000 --> 00:22:43,000
Speaker 1: which actually is we'll see accounts for some of the

378
00:22:43,040 --> 00:22:46,639
Speaker 1: faces that we've have been found around on the people

379
00:22:46,880 --> 00:22:51,240
Speaker 1: of the Pompeii victims. Yeah, and they even think and

380
00:22:51,280 --> 00:22:53,679
Speaker 1: by the way, we went right past the fact that

381
00:22:53,720 --> 00:22:56,919
Speaker 1: Pyrochastic Flow is a great, great band name, it really is.

382
00:22:57,520 --> 00:23:01,320
Speaker 1: Uh but they even think out that most of them

383
00:23:01,359 --> 00:23:05,320
Speaker 1: died from head injuries even before that even happened. Oh really,

384
00:23:05,359 --> 00:23:07,679
Speaker 1: I hadn't seen that one. Yeah, well we'll get to that.

385
00:23:07,960 --> 00:23:11,280
Speaker 1: I'll just throw that out there as a tease. Uh.

386
00:23:11,520 --> 00:23:15,760
Speaker 1: So this is shortly after midnight is when herculan a

387
00:23:15,840 --> 00:23:18,920
Speaker 1: Um was covered and obliterated. About six thirty a m.

388
00:23:19,480 --> 00:23:22,760
Speaker 1: The following morning is when Pompeii started getting hit with

389
00:23:22,800 --> 00:23:26,600
Speaker 1: this flow. The whole thing takes about twenty five hours

390
00:23:27,040 --> 00:23:31,560
Speaker 1: for all, for about two plus square miles to get

391
00:23:31,560 --> 00:23:36,679
Speaker 1: completely destroyed. Yeah, and it in nineteen hours. It shot

392
00:23:36,720 --> 00:23:40,719
Speaker 1: out something like one cubic mile of rock and ash

393
00:23:41,280 --> 00:23:44,800
Speaker 1: out of that volcano. A cubic mile. Imagine looking up

394
00:23:44,840 --> 00:23:49,000
Speaker 1: and seeing a mile cube and it's just all coming

395
00:23:49,040 --> 00:23:52,119
Speaker 1: down on you. Well and again seeing this and not

396
00:23:52,840 --> 00:23:56,320
Speaker 1: like not even knowing what a volcano is yeah, that

397
00:23:56,359 --> 00:23:59,560
Speaker 1: it makes it anything scarier, I guess. But they must

398
00:23:59,600 --> 00:24:02,400
Speaker 1: have thought the world was ending. Well yeah, I mean

399
00:24:02,400 --> 00:24:04,240
Speaker 1: if they thought there were no more gods, I would

400
00:24:04,240 --> 00:24:06,639
Speaker 1: guess that that that they would think like, well, this

401
00:24:06,720 --> 00:24:10,639
Speaker 1: is it, this is the end of mill house um. Uh.

402
00:24:10,720 --> 00:24:14,800
Speaker 1: Plenty of the younger two wrote about uh about the water,

403
00:24:14,920 --> 00:24:17,920
Speaker 1: the sea retreating as I pushed by the earthquakes. And

404
00:24:17,960 --> 00:24:21,280
Speaker 1: so the thought now is is that it also caused

405
00:24:21,280 --> 00:24:24,920
Speaker 1: a tsunami at the climax of this eruption. So now

406
00:24:24,960 --> 00:24:30,000
Speaker 1: imagine you know, the Bay of Naples flowing inland while

407
00:24:30,080 --> 00:24:33,240
Speaker 1: all of this destruction is raining down around you, right, yeah,

408
00:24:33,280 --> 00:24:36,440
Speaker 1: and then you definitely think the world is ending. There's

409
00:24:36,440 --> 00:24:40,680
Speaker 1: actually there's a very famous beach at Herculaneum, uh where

410
00:24:40,680 --> 00:24:43,199
Speaker 1: there's a lot of there were a lot of bodies found,

411
00:24:43,760 --> 00:24:46,080
Speaker 1: and there's a thirty foot boat that was just kind

412
00:24:46,119 --> 00:24:48,919
Speaker 1: of like jammed up against them. And I guess that

413
00:24:48,920 --> 00:24:50,880
Speaker 1: would have been from the tsunami. It would have brought

414
00:24:50,880 --> 00:24:54,280
Speaker 1: it in well. And that's apparently just to finish up

415
00:24:54,280 --> 00:24:57,520
Speaker 1: with Plenty of the elder he did initially he was

416
00:24:57,560 --> 00:24:59,640
Speaker 1: going to go out in a big boat and kind

417
00:24:59,640 --> 00:25:01,680
Speaker 1: of just had a better look at what was going on.

418
00:25:02,560 --> 00:25:04,840
Speaker 1: But when he got this message from his friends saying, hey,

419
00:25:04,880 --> 00:25:07,840
Speaker 1: come rescue us. Uh, he got in a fast boat,

420
00:25:08,040 --> 00:25:12,520
Speaker 1: a fast sailing cutter, and which is probably was his

421
00:25:12,720 --> 00:25:15,520
Speaker 1: end because by the time they got there, the winds

422
00:25:15,520 --> 00:25:18,439
Speaker 1: were blowing in a weird direction apparently, Uh, the way

423
00:25:18,480 --> 00:25:20,639
Speaker 1: they usually blow it would have blown a lot of

424
00:25:20,680 --> 00:25:23,480
Speaker 1: this out to sea, but unusually it was blowing in

425
00:25:23,480 --> 00:25:25,760
Speaker 1: in the opposite direction that day. So a lot of

426
00:25:25,800 --> 00:25:28,120
Speaker 1: things kind of came together for you know, the worst

427
00:25:28,119 --> 00:25:32,840
Speaker 1: possible scenario. But um, so plenty of the elder gets nearby.

428
00:25:32,960 --> 00:25:37,959
Speaker 1: I think, um they landed at uh pompa pompa neanis

429
00:25:38,520 --> 00:25:41,520
Speaker 1: I think it was at Stabbia. Oh where plenty of

430
00:25:41,560 --> 00:25:45,159
Speaker 1: the Elder landed. Yeah, his friend was pomp pomp Panius.

431
00:25:45,800 --> 00:25:47,720
Speaker 1: Oh yeah, yeah, yeah, sorry, that was who's going to

432
00:25:47,800 --> 00:25:53,760
Speaker 1: rescue and Pompannius was at Stabbia, this little super ultra

433
00:25:53,880 --> 00:25:58,480
Speaker 1: wealthy resort area. Yeah. So, uh they couldn't get out

434
00:25:58,480 --> 00:26:00,720
Speaker 1: of there basically because of their I think their boat

435
00:26:00,800 --> 00:26:03,320
Speaker 1: was so light and it kept pushing them back in

436
00:26:04,080 --> 00:26:07,120
Speaker 1: and um apparently said hey, let's write it out here.

437
00:26:08,000 --> 00:26:12,760
Speaker 1: That's our only choice, and he was he basically died.

438
00:26:12,800 --> 00:26:14,919
Speaker 1: They couldn't get him up in the theory for a

439
00:26:14,920 --> 00:26:18,520
Speaker 1: while that is that he died of inhaling toxic fumes.

440
00:26:18,560 --> 00:26:23,280
Speaker 1: But now modern historians and scientists are saying, no, he

441
00:26:23,400 --> 00:26:26,480
Speaker 1: was fat and kind of old and out of shape

442
00:26:26,480 --> 00:26:28,640
Speaker 1: and he died of a heart attack. Yeah. I think

443
00:26:28,640 --> 00:26:32,080
Speaker 1: the consensus among historians today is that he was boss

444
00:26:32,080 --> 00:26:36,920
Speaker 1: hog esque. Yes, good way to put it. Yeah, so

445
00:26:37,160 --> 00:26:40,600
Speaker 1: that's a that's a not a good end for Pliny

446
00:26:40,640 --> 00:26:43,879
Speaker 1: the Elder, But um, that's kind of cool to be

447
00:26:43,960 --> 00:26:46,760
Speaker 1: able to say, like, yeah, I died at Pompeii? Is it?

448
00:26:47,119 --> 00:26:49,400
Speaker 1: I was a super famous dude in the Roman world,

449
00:26:49,520 --> 00:26:52,320
Speaker 1: And where did I find my end? Pompeii another famous

450
00:26:52,359 --> 00:26:54,359
Speaker 1: thing in the Roman world. That's how you'd say that

451
00:26:54,440 --> 00:26:58,800
Speaker 1: kind of thing. Yeah, I think it's neat. So Pliny

452
00:26:58,840 --> 00:27:01,520
Speaker 1: the Elder died. Pliny the Younger lived, though, and we

453
00:27:01,600 --> 00:27:04,719
Speaker 1: know about all of this because again, he was an eyewitness.

454
00:27:04,760 --> 00:27:08,680
Speaker 1: He was also a historian, a statesman, just all around

455
00:27:08,800 --> 00:27:12,960
Speaker 1: smart dude. But he didn't write his um his letter

456
00:27:13,600 --> 00:27:18,040
Speaker 1: to Tacitus the Historian for like twenty seven years after

457
00:27:18,080 --> 00:27:21,879
Speaker 1: the fact, and so um, yeah, I don't know if

458
00:27:21,920 --> 00:27:24,520
Speaker 1: he just heard Testitus was getting a history together and

459
00:27:24,560 --> 00:27:27,320
Speaker 1: he wanted to contribute, or what what the what the

460
00:27:27,359 --> 00:27:29,359
Speaker 1: difference was, or what the deal was with the gap.

461
00:27:29,840 --> 00:27:33,480
Speaker 1: But there is a lot of um there's a lot

462
00:27:33,520 --> 00:27:37,520
Speaker 1: of disagreement about whether his date of August is the

463
00:27:37,600 --> 00:27:40,840
Speaker 1: correct one. The reason everyone says August twenty is because

464
00:27:41,320 --> 00:27:43,560
Speaker 1: he wrote that in the letter, he said that this

465
00:27:43,640 --> 00:27:46,639
Speaker 1: happened on August twenty four. The thing is, apparently there

466
00:27:46,640 --> 00:27:49,280
Speaker 1: are other drafts of his letter, that same letter that

467
00:27:49,359 --> 00:27:51,600
Speaker 1: either didn't give the date or gave a different date

468
00:27:51,760 --> 00:27:54,600
Speaker 1: later on, I think of November twenty. And then there's

469
00:27:54,600 --> 00:27:58,240
Speaker 1: a lot of actual circumstantial evidence that suggests that this

470
00:27:58,320 --> 00:28:03,159
Speaker 1: actually took place either on October or November twenty four

471
00:28:03,359 --> 00:28:06,440
Speaker 1: rather than August. So there's things like there was a

472
00:28:06,520 --> 00:28:11,239
Speaker 1: there was a just an inordinate amount of pomegranates and

473
00:28:11,400 --> 00:28:15,240
Speaker 1: figs and nuts found around the town, which would suggest

474
00:28:15,280 --> 00:28:18,720
Speaker 1: that the harvest had just happened the autumn harvest, which

475
00:28:18,720 --> 00:28:21,399
Speaker 1: you wouldn't have done in August. Uh, there's a coin

476
00:28:22,080 --> 00:28:26,159
Speaker 1: that that had a um a title of Caesar that

477
00:28:26,280 --> 00:28:31,240
Speaker 1: wasn't bestowed until September of seventy nine. So that coin, Yeah,

478
00:28:31,320 --> 00:28:34,480
Speaker 1: that coin shouldn't have existed. There's there's all this evidence

479
00:28:34,480 --> 00:28:38,120
Speaker 1: that's coming together that says no, it actually probably was

480
00:28:38,160 --> 00:28:43,360
Speaker 1: either October November, but it's just been August for so

481
00:28:43,400 --> 00:28:46,800
Speaker 1: long now that it's going to be another ten twenty

482
00:28:46,880 --> 00:28:51,440
Speaker 1: years before everybody's like it happened in October November. Yeah,

483
00:28:51,560 --> 00:28:54,480
Speaker 1: and truth be told, that's sort of one of those

484
00:28:54,520 --> 00:28:59,120
Speaker 1: things that wonky archaeologists would argue over. I hear it,

485
00:28:59,160 --> 00:29:01,560
Speaker 1: and I think, what's a couple of months really, you know,

486
00:29:01,960 --> 00:29:05,120
Speaker 1: but I just think it's it's it's really fascinating that

487
00:29:05,120 --> 00:29:08,080
Speaker 1: that they found a coin and they said, Okay, this

488
00:29:08,160 --> 00:29:11,160
Speaker 1: coin shouldn't exist. And the reason why because because there

489
00:29:11,240 --> 00:29:14,160
Speaker 1: was um there was a like Britain was conquered by

490
00:29:14,200 --> 00:29:17,960
Speaker 1: the Romans a little around like around that time, and

491
00:29:18,000 --> 00:29:21,440
Speaker 1: so they minted a coin to honor that. And because

492
00:29:21,480 --> 00:29:25,000
Speaker 1: that coin shows up and POMPEII we can date when

493
00:29:25,080 --> 00:29:29,360
Speaker 1: Vesuvius erupted more accurately. That to me is it's just

494
00:29:29,640 --> 00:29:33,680
Speaker 1: eye popping, like look at my eyes, good old fashioned

495
00:29:33,680 --> 00:29:39,160
Speaker 1: police work. So either one so Vesuvius has spoken, Pompeii

496
00:29:39,240 --> 00:29:42,080
Speaker 1: is now gone, it's covered in something like um. I

497
00:29:42,120 --> 00:29:48,400
Speaker 1: believe ten meters, like about thirty ft of ash and pummice. Yeah,

498
00:29:48,440 --> 00:29:51,320
Speaker 1: I've seen all kinds of anywhere from like eight to

499
00:29:51,680 --> 00:29:54,480
Speaker 1: thirty ft, so a lot of feet. So it's covered

500
00:29:54,560 --> 00:29:56,240
Speaker 1: up a lot. And I don't know if we said

501
00:29:56,280 --> 00:29:59,400
Speaker 1: this or not, but Um, of the twenty people, about

502
00:29:59,520 --> 00:30:03,400
Speaker 1: eighteen thousand of those residents left when there was the

503
00:30:03,440 --> 00:30:06,440
Speaker 1: first sign of trouble, because again Vesuvius gave plenty of warning.

504
00:30:06,640 --> 00:30:08,600
Speaker 1: But there were about two thousand people in the town

505
00:30:08,600 --> 00:30:12,440
Speaker 1: of Pompeii itself when Vesuvius went off and covered the town.

506
00:30:12,800 --> 00:30:16,920
Speaker 1: But now it's everything's calm, it's quiet, Vesuvius is quiet again,

507
00:30:17,280 --> 00:30:22,959
Speaker 1: and Pompeii Herculaneum stabia a plantas they're gone. Yeah, I

508
00:30:23,000 --> 00:30:27,920
Speaker 1: think about twenty total people in the region died, that

509
00:30:28,040 --> 00:30:30,600
Speaker 1: is what I saw. Oh really that many? Huh? Yeah,

510
00:30:30,640 --> 00:30:34,080
Speaker 1: among that, you know, the two square miles. So so

511
00:30:34,520 --> 00:30:38,960
Speaker 1: this the whole area has just been radically changed. Um.

512
00:30:39,440 --> 00:30:43,680
Speaker 1: And there these cities were so lost that even the

513
00:30:43,680 --> 00:30:46,200
Speaker 1: people who stayed in the area and continued to live there,

514
00:30:46,440 --> 00:30:48,920
Speaker 1: they lost track of exactly where Pompeii was and they

515
00:30:48,960 --> 00:30:52,200
Speaker 1: stopped talking about it. Eventually. There's another city named Pompei

516
00:30:52,280 --> 00:30:55,600
Speaker 1: that was founded many many years later. That's the modern Pompeii.

517
00:30:56,000 --> 00:30:59,080
Speaker 1: And if they ever even referenced Pompeii, they just called

518
00:30:59,120 --> 00:31:03,720
Speaker 1: it uh Chi Vita the city, and they just knew

519
00:31:03,720 --> 00:31:05,560
Speaker 1: that there was a lost city somewhere in the area.

520
00:31:05,600 --> 00:31:08,479
Speaker 1: And that's how things stayed for about the next um

521
00:31:08,760 --> 00:31:12,840
Speaker 1: sevent d years. That's right, And you want to take

522
00:31:12,840 --> 00:31:16,080
Speaker 1: a break, yes, all right, Well we'll get into the

523
00:31:16,120 --> 00:31:41,080
Speaker 1: discovery of Pompeii after this. Skaw large sk All right, dude,

524
00:31:41,080 --> 00:31:45,400
Speaker 1: we're back, that's right. So what we've got here as

525
00:31:45,400 --> 00:31:51,040
Speaker 1: far as Roman history pre Pompeii and post Pompeii, UH,

526
00:31:51,160 --> 00:31:54,320
Speaker 1: is they've focused a lot on um what they would

527
00:31:54,320 --> 00:31:59,560
Speaker 1: call the important people of society, so military stuff, wealthy people,

528
00:32:00,400 --> 00:32:04,000
Speaker 1: political stuff. They didn't say, like, hey, maybe be valuable

529
00:32:04,040 --> 00:32:07,440
Speaker 1: to record what it's like for um, everyday people of

530
00:32:07,560 --> 00:32:11,240
Speaker 1: Rome because they didn't care. That's why Pompeii and the

531
00:32:11,240 --> 00:32:14,120
Speaker 1: the rediscovery and the excavation over the years has been

532
00:32:14,160 --> 00:32:18,520
Speaker 1: so important is because all of these a lot of

533
00:32:18,560 --> 00:32:21,040
Speaker 1: these people and in the shops and all the homes

534
00:32:21,040 --> 00:32:24,920
Speaker 1: and the art were really well preserved. Uh. Once they

535
00:32:24,960 --> 00:32:28,000
Speaker 1: started digging into this stuff, which was a pretty remarkable

536
00:32:28,440 --> 00:32:32,520
Speaker 1: flind and continues to be. Yeah. Plus, um, Rome has

537
00:32:32,760 --> 00:32:35,160
Speaker 1: was around for so long. It has been around for

538
00:32:35,200 --> 00:32:39,480
Speaker 1: so long that it evolved, right, So over time, what

539
00:32:39,720 --> 00:32:44,960
Speaker 1: Rome once was culturally historically um is kind of lost

540
00:32:45,000 --> 00:32:49,640
Speaker 1: and replaced as the culture itself evolves in ages. And

541
00:32:49,760 --> 00:32:52,800
Speaker 1: apparently it grew more and more conservative the longer it

542
00:32:52,880 --> 00:32:55,360
Speaker 1: was around. And one of the things that Pompey also

543
00:32:55,400 --> 00:32:58,760
Speaker 1: gives us that the snapshot of Roman culture before it

544
00:32:58,800 --> 00:33:02,960
Speaker 1: became conservative, and it was hyper sexual at the time

545
00:33:03,000 --> 00:33:05,800
Speaker 1: when Pompeii was covered over. So that was another thing

546
00:33:05,840 --> 00:33:09,680
Speaker 1: because at the time, until Pompeii was discovered, um, everyone

547
00:33:09,960 --> 00:33:15,800
Speaker 1: considered Rome, ancient Rome as this very staid, conservative civilization.

548
00:33:16,200 --> 00:33:18,440
Speaker 1: And then they started to discover this stuff from pompeign

549
00:33:18,480 --> 00:33:21,560
Speaker 1: and we're like, whoa, what were these people into back then? Yeah,

550
00:33:21,560 --> 00:33:25,120
Speaker 1: there was a lot of highly erotic art. Yeah, I

551
00:33:25,120 --> 00:33:29,720
Speaker 1: saw a statue of the god pan having graphics sex

552
00:33:29,760 --> 00:33:34,640
Speaker 1: with a goat, like a pretty pretty realistic statue. And

553
00:33:34,680 --> 00:33:37,280
Speaker 1: they found that they dug that out of Pompey pretty

554
00:33:37,280 --> 00:33:41,440
Speaker 1: early on. And there's phalluses they found everywhere. Some people

555
00:33:41,480 --> 00:33:46,520
Speaker 1: put fallacies on their houses, like sticking out into the street. Um,

556
00:33:46,560 --> 00:33:49,560
Speaker 1: there was pre Apiss, which is a lesser god who

557
00:33:49,800 --> 00:33:56,160
Speaker 1: um was extraordinarily unsettlingly well endowed. Um, there was just

558
00:33:56,240 --> 00:33:59,000
Speaker 1: a lot of fertility stuff and a lot of just

559
00:33:59,120 --> 00:34:02,080
Speaker 1: explicit sex reality in their in their artwork back then.

560
00:34:02,400 --> 00:34:06,320
Speaker 1: And Rome eventually moved on past that, and it had

561
00:34:06,360 --> 00:34:10,279
Speaker 1: been forgotten until POMPEII, you know, gave up its secrets. Yeah,

562
00:34:10,360 --> 00:34:16,319
Speaker 1: so uh, kind of immediately afterward up until about the

563
00:34:16,360 --> 00:34:19,560
Speaker 1: seventeen hundreds throughout and like I said, like you said,

564
00:34:19,600 --> 00:34:21,080
Speaker 1: it was kind of forgotten for a little while. But

565
00:34:21,360 --> 00:34:25,399
Speaker 1: during this whole long period of time, POMPEII was kind

566
00:34:25,400 --> 00:34:31,719
Speaker 1: of essentially rated again and again by either um, you know,

567
00:34:31,760 --> 00:34:36,640
Speaker 1: people hunting for valuables or kings and queens who wanted

568
00:34:36,680 --> 00:34:39,839
Speaker 1: to plunder things, you know, like statues and stuff for

569
00:34:39,880 --> 00:34:43,560
Speaker 1: their own palaces. And this sort of happened again and

570
00:34:43,600 --> 00:34:48,680
Speaker 1: again throughout history until about the eighteen hundreds, when like

571
00:34:48,920 --> 00:34:52,400
Speaker 1: legit archaeology really started to happen where they could go

572
00:34:52,440 --> 00:34:54,680
Speaker 1: in there with the name and actually preserving some of

573
00:34:54,680 --> 00:34:58,359
Speaker 1: this stuff. Yeah. I think the earliest ones were the king,

574
00:34:58,480 --> 00:35:02,520
Speaker 1: the Bourbon King Charles the who it was discovered under

575
00:35:02,600 --> 00:35:05,720
Speaker 1: his watch in seventeen forty eight, and then the French

576
00:35:05,840 --> 00:35:08,279
Speaker 1: came into the area, and by this time they were

577
00:35:08,360 --> 00:35:12,120
Speaker 1: crazy about archaeology thanks to their fascination with Egypt, so

578
00:35:12,160 --> 00:35:15,240
Speaker 1: they brought in some pretty good practices. But even still,

579
00:35:15,280 --> 00:35:19,200
Speaker 1: I mean, compared to what archaeologists know and do today,

580
00:35:19,239 --> 00:35:24,680
Speaker 1: this is pretty hokey, basic backward archaeological methodology. Yeah. Like

581
00:35:24,760 --> 00:35:28,359
Speaker 1: even when they started to do it right, Uh, they

582
00:35:28,400 --> 00:35:31,120
Speaker 1: just weren't as advance as we are today. Um. But

583
00:35:31,200 --> 00:35:33,839
Speaker 1: things kind of change for the better when a man

584
00:35:34,000 --> 00:35:38,799
Speaker 1: named Giuseppe B. Fiorelli came along in eighteen sixty and

585
00:35:38,800 --> 00:35:41,719
Speaker 1: he said, hey, I'm in charge now. UM, I'm gonna

586
00:35:41,760 --> 00:35:43,719
Speaker 1: get in here and try and do it right. I'm

587
00:35:43,719 --> 00:35:45,640
Speaker 1: gonna be way more careful. My team is going to

588
00:35:45,719 --> 00:35:50,120
Speaker 1: be more careful. We're gonna record all the positions of people,

589
00:35:50,520 --> 00:35:53,359
Speaker 1: everything that we find. And that's when it that's when

590
00:35:53,360 --> 00:35:56,400
Speaker 1: it really legitimized, um kind of what was going on

591
00:35:56,440 --> 00:35:59,239
Speaker 1: as far as excavation goes. Uh. And he also made

592
00:35:59,320 --> 00:36:03,200
Speaker 1: his name most famously for what ended up being named

593
00:36:03,200 --> 00:36:06,880
Speaker 1: after him, the Fiarelli process. Is when he saw these

594
00:36:07,280 --> 00:36:09,040
Speaker 1: you know, every you know, everything is covered in ash

595
00:36:09,160 --> 00:36:13,200
Speaker 1: and hardened, so they had they were basically encased in

596
00:36:13,239 --> 00:36:15,920
Speaker 1: these you know, over the years, the bodies would run away,

597
00:36:16,280 --> 00:36:18,680
Speaker 1: and so they were encased in these hollow cavities. The

598
00:36:18,719 --> 00:36:21,760
Speaker 1: people were and dogs and you know, all sorts of animals.

599
00:36:22,080 --> 00:36:24,560
Speaker 1: So he said, why don't we inject this guess, so

600
00:36:24,680 --> 00:36:28,080
Speaker 1: this plaster into these cavities and see what we come

601
00:36:28,160 --> 00:36:30,640
Speaker 1: up with. And what he came up with very famously,

602
00:36:30,760 --> 00:36:34,760
Speaker 1: we're we're the uh well, were the people of Pompeii,

603
00:36:34,880 --> 00:36:37,239
Speaker 1: like more than a thousand of them? Yeah? Do you

604
00:36:37,280 --> 00:36:40,040
Speaker 1: remember our Molderrama episode that just came out. I do

605
00:36:40,160 --> 00:36:42,480
Speaker 1: remember that. So when these people were covered in that

606
00:36:42,560 --> 00:36:45,920
Speaker 1: ash and their bodies rotted away, it left what is

607
00:36:45,920 --> 00:36:48,640
Speaker 1: effectively a mold, and he filled it with that that

608
00:36:48,680 --> 00:36:52,120
Speaker 1: plaster and made plaster casts of them, right and and

609
00:36:52,280 --> 00:36:55,240
Speaker 1: apparently really detailed once I saw him, But I didn't

610
00:36:55,239 --> 00:36:58,920
Speaker 1: see anything as detailed as like ed Ed points out

611
00:36:58,920 --> 00:37:02,080
Speaker 1: that you can see like the um the design somebody

612
00:37:02,120 --> 00:37:06,120
Speaker 1: had shaved into their pubic hair. That's pretty pretty detailed

613
00:37:06,120 --> 00:37:11,200
Speaker 1: plaster cast of a dead person from two thousand years ago. Um,

614
00:37:11,239 --> 00:37:14,960
Speaker 1: there was you can very famously see um a man

615
00:37:15,320 --> 00:37:18,200
Speaker 1: like agony on a man's face like like you was

616
00:37:18,239 --> 00:37:20,960
Speaker 1: just captured at the moment of death, just basically flash

617
00:37:21,040 --> 00:37:25,680
Speaker 1: frozen a lot like Hansolo and carbonite. Yeah, it was.

618
00:37:25,920 --> 00:37:28,279
Speaker 1: It was a huge, huge find and it just kind

619
00:37:28,280 --> 00:37:32,440
Speaker 1: of shook the world, and uh, reproductions and photos of

620
00:37:32,480 --> 00:37:36,000
Speaker 1: all these casts became the sensation of the day all

621
00:37:36,040 --> 00:37:39,160
Speaker 1: over the world. Um. Like I said, there's a very

622
00:37:39,200 --> 00:37:42,279
Speaker 1: famous one of a dog kind of writhing in pain

623
00:37:42,360 --> 00:37:44,439
Speaker 1: on his back. It's one of the more sad ones.

624
00:37:44,480 --> 00:37:46,600
Speaker 1: It looked like he had a collar onto Yeah he did,

625
00:37:46,680 --> 00:37:49,239
Speaker 1: which is interesting although that I've later seen where that

626
00:37:49,320 --> 00:37:52,759
Speaker 1: might have been a fake, which I don't fully understand. Yeah,

627
00:37:53,040 --> 00:37:54,799
Speaker 1: I hadn't seen that at all because there were no

628
00:37:54,840 --> 00:37:57,719
Speaker 1: bones inside of it. Uh so they're not quite sure

629
00:37:57,719 --> 00:38:00,920
Speaker 1: about that one. But um, they're just some really sad

630
00:38:00,920 --> 00:38:04,160
Speaker 1: ones of like what is clearly a mother like holding

631
00:38:04,160 --> 00:38:09,279
Speaker 1: her child. Um, families and couples in embrace and like

632
00:38:09,360 --> 00:38:12,839
Speaker 1: horrific embrace. Uh. And it's just really kind of sad

633
00:38:12,880 --> 00:38:16,439
Speaker 1: to look through these these photos and they kept finding them,

634
00:38:16,480 --> 00:38:18,759
Speaker 1: like all over the place. They were just groups of

635
00:38:18,800 --> 00:38:22,319
Speaker 1: people huddled. When they would excavate a house, uh, they

636
00:38:22,320 --> 00:38:26,239
Speaker 1: would they would find bodies quite frequently, and like you said,

637
00:38:26,320 --> 00:38:29,759
Speaker 1: like in that that that those embraces just caught in

638
00:38:29,800 --> 00:38:32,440
Speaker 1: their last moment, like their literal last moment was just

639
00:38:32,760 --> 00:38:35,200
Speaker 1: caught in time. So it was it was quite a

640
00:38:35,239 --> 00:38:38,319
Speaker 1: fine and like you said, it really definitely caught the

641
00:38:38,360 --> 00:38:41,799
Speaker 1: imagination of the rest of the world. Um. So much

642
00:38:41,840 --> 00:38:45,239
Speaker 1: so that there was like a Greek neo classical revival

643
00:38:45,400 --> 00:38:49,239
Speaker 1: in the Enlightenment period because everyone had Pompey fever when

644
00:38:49,239 --> 00:38:54,600
Speaker 1: it was discovered Pompey fever. Pompey fever catch it. So

645
00:38:54,960 --> 00:38:57,080
Speaker 1: a couple of years ago, I guess a few years

646
00:38:57,080 --> 00:39:01,680
Speaker 1: ago now, a group did CTS scans on some of

647
00:39:01,719 --> 00:39:04,600
Speaker 1: these casts about I think thirty or forty of them

648
00:39:04,680 --> 00:39:07,960
Speaker 1: and that dog and that bore uh, and they this

649
00:39:08,080 --> 00:39:11,680
Speaker 1: provided just a lot more detail of um. So if

650
00:39:11,840 --> 00:39:13,640
Speaker 1: like you can look at the casts and then look

651
00:39:13,640 --> 00:39:15,400
Speaker 1: at the ct scan and it kind of brings it

652
00:39:15,440 --> 00:39:18,439
Speaker 1: to life. Uh. And they found it revealed a few

653
00:39:18,480 --> 00:39:21,719
Speaker 1: really interesting things. UM. One is that the people of

654
00:39:21,800 --> 00:39:25,960
Speaker 1: Pompeii had almost perfect teeth, which had been really unusual

655
00:39:26,000 --> 00:39:28,560
Speaker 1: at the time. And they think it's because they ate

656
00:39:28,560 --> 00:39:31,719
Speaker 1: a lot of fruits and vegetables, very little sugar and

657
00:39:31,760 --> 00:39:35,520
Speaker 1: that the water was heavily fluoridated, so they all had

658
00:39:35,560 --> 00:39:39,520
Speaker 1: really like nice straight teeth. Um. And then what I

659
00:39:39,560 --> 00:39:41,319
Speaker 1: was talking about the head injuries. This is there's an

660
00:39:41,360 --> 00:39:43,840
Speaker 1: article in the Atlantic called How the People of Pompei

661
00:39:43,880 --> 00:39:48,040
Speaker 1: Really Died, And almost all of these CT scans revealed

662
00:39:48,400 --> 00:39:51,400
Speaker 1: that they had head injuries from getting you know, smashed

663
00:39:51,400 --> 00:39:55,080
Speaker 1: in the head from this volcanic rock. What a way

664
00:39:55,080 --> 00:39:58,799
Speaker 1: to go. Yeah, although I guess it would be quick right. Well,

665
00:39:58,960 --> 00:40:02,759
Speaker 1: either way, even if it's that, or if it's um

666
00:40:02,880 --> 00:40:06,239
Speaker 1: what you were saying, it's not the slow suffocating death

667
00:40:06,280 --> 00:40:08,480
Speaker 1: that they used to think it was. Yeah, which is

668
00:40:08,480 --> 00:40:12,400
Speaker 1: way better. Um. I saw also check there was an

669
00:40:12,440 --> 00:40:16,840
Speaker 1: excavation of like a latrine, I guess, and and just

670
00:40:16,920 --> 00:40:20,160
Speaker 1: a normal housing block where poor people or middle class

671
00:40:20,280 --> 00:40:24,400
Speaker 1: workers would have lived. And um, they found evidence of

672
00:40:24,719 --> 00:40:28,200
Speaker 1: really great diets. And they think that the people that Pompeii,

673
00:40:28,640 --> 00:40:31,640
Speaker 1: the rich people actually probably ate a little worse because

674
00:40:31,680 --> 00:40:36,080
Speaker 1: they ate slightly richer food. But everyone there, including the

675
00:40:36,120 --> 00:40:39,520
Speaker 1: lower classes, were very like well fed on very healthy foods,

676
00:40:39,680 --> 00:40:43,200
Speaker 1: basically like the Mediterranean diet like you think of today. Um.

677
00:40:43,480 --> 00:40:47,840
Speaker 1: And that they were also taller on average than the

678
00:40:48,040 --> 00:40:52,560
Speaker 1: citizens of the area today. Interesting. Yeah, it's usually the

679
00:40:52,600 --> 00:40:54,840
Speaker 1: exact opposite if you think about it. You know, George

680
00:40:54,840 --> 00:41:00,600
Speaker 1: Washington four ft tall. Everybody knows that they also found

681
00:41:00,600 --> 00:41:03,399
Speaker 1: in some of the um I think the runoff into

682
00:41:03,480 --> 00:41:06,440
Speaker 1: the drainage systems or something they found. You know, you

683
00:41:06,480 --> 00:41:10,000
Speaker 1: were talking about the rich people eating um more exotic meats.

684
00:41:10,480 --> 00:41:13,960
Speaker 1: They found evidence at the eight Sea urchin. So I'll

685
00:41:13,960 --> 00:41:17,600
Speaker 1: give him that because people eat that flamingo had and

686
00:41:17,680 --> 00:41:22,480
Speaker 1: seen that one. I know it's coming there. Giraffe. Yeah,

687
00:41:22,800 --> 00:41:25,080
Speaker 1: who looks at a giraffe and says, I wonder what

688
00:41:25,160 --> 00:41:28,319
Speaker 1: that tastes like? And then does it follows through on it?

689
00:41:28,560 --> 00:41:30,960
Speaker 1: I don't know. It's the following through part that really

690
00:41:31,040 --> 00:41:36,399
Speaker 1: knocks my socks off. So those are some recent excavations, right, yeah,

691
00:41:36,400 --> 00:41:38,439
Speaker 1: I mean this is the kind of stuff that has

692
00:41:38,480 --> 00:41:42,799
Speaker 1: come out with things like DNA analysis. Okay, so so

693
00:41:42,960 --> 00:41:47,520
Speaker 1: this is extraordinarily new as far as Pompey goes. Pompeii

694
00:41:47,760 --> 00:41:50,600
Speaker 1: is it's really cool because it's got its ancient history

695
00:41:50,600 --> 00:41:52,960
Speaker 1: when it was covered over by Vesuvius, but then it

696
00:41:53,000 --> 00:41:56,799
Speaker 1: also has a secondary history of its discovery, and then

697
00:41:56,800 --> 00:42:00,480
Speaker 1: it's it's excavations since then, and apparently it's the longest

698
00:42:01,360 --> 00:42:07,399
Speaker 1: continuously excavated site in the world as far as archaeology goes.

699
00:42:08,200 --> 00:42:11,280
Speaker 1: I wouldn't I wouldn't be surprised. It is extraordinarily big.

700
00:42:11,680 --> 00:42:15,719
Speaker 1: Um and the the fact that it's been around for

701
00:42:15,760 --> 00:42:17,840
Speaker 1: so long, it's been excavated for so long, it was

702
00:42:17,880 --> 00:42:23,200
Speaker 1: basically there when archaeology was born. Archaeological techniques that have

703
00:42:23,280 --> 00:42:26,000
Speaker 1: been developed over the age have all been tried and

704
00:42:26,200 --> 00:42:31,920
Speaker 1: tested and frequently discarded at Pompeii UH And as a result,

705
00:42:31,960 --> 00:42:34,080
Speaker 1: a lot of those early ones that were just just

706
00:42:34,480 --> 00:42:38,160
Speaker 1: not very smart have actually had a They've had a

707
00:42:38,200 --> 00:42:42,360
Speaker 1: pretty tough effect on the town. Like um, the frescoes.

708
00:42:42,400 --> 00:42:46,480
Speaker 1: They discovered frescoes, which are paintings on plaster walls all

709
00:42:46,520 --> 00:42:50,799
Speaker 1: over the town. Most houses had really beautiful frescoes, and

710
00:42:50,960 --> 00:42:53,319
Speaker 1: the workers were like, well, these are going to flake off.

711
00:42:53,320 --> 00:42:55,640
Speaker 1: This is back in the nineties, so we need to

712
00:42:55,920 --> 00:42:58,160
Speaker 1: we need to do something. So they covered him in

713
00:42:58,200 --> 00:43:02,040
Speaker 1: paraffin wax, which I guess it makes sense. It's covered

714
00:43:02,080 --> 00:43:03,560
Speaker 1: in wax. We can figure out what to do with

715
00:43:03,560 --> 00:43:05,960
Speaker 1: it later. Maybe we never will, but you can still

716
00:43:06,040 --> 00:43:08,680
Speaker 1: kind of see through it. The problem is that the

717
00:43:09,560 --> 00:43:13,239
Speaker 1: pigments bonded to the wax, not just rubbed off, like

718
00:43:13,840 --> 00:43:18,720
Speaker 1: molecularly bonded with the wax. And then as water grew

719
00:43:19,120 --> 00:43:22,880
Speaker 1: behind the walls and seeped through the walls behind the painting,

720
00:43:23,160 --> 00:43:25,960
Speaker 1: it pushed the painting off the walls onto the wax.

721
00:43:26,400 --> 00:43:28,640
Speaker 1: So now if you want to get this wax off,

722
00:43:28,680 --> 00:43:31,960
Speaker 1: they finally developed a technique where you can use a

723
00:43:32,040 --> 00:43:34,680
Speaker 1: laser that just removes the wax and leaves the pigment.

724
00:43:35,200 --> 00:43:38,239
Speaker 1: But um, that's extraordinarily new to I think just in

725
00:43:38,239 --> 00:43:40,520
Speaker 1: the last couple of years they started using that. Before

726
00:43:40,560 --> 00:43:42,720
Speaker 1: then they would do things like use gasoline and stuff

727
00:43:42,760 --> 00:43:44,440
Speaker 1: to get the wax off and it would just take

728
00:43:44,480 --> 00:43:48,080
Speaker 1: the fresco clean off. Yeah, I'm surprised there's anything left

729
00:43:48,239 --> 00:43:56,560
Speaker 1: between being continually rated um, earthquakes since then, World War Two,

730
00:43:56,640 --> 00:44:02,439
Speaker 1: since then, vandals, tourists, rainwater. Uh, it's just like it's

731
00:44:02,440 --> 00:44:05,480
Speaker 1: been just beaten up for thousands, you know, like a

732
00:44:05,520 --> 00:44:08,600
Speaker 1: couple of thousand years now, but there's like you've been there,

733
00:44:08,600 --> 00:44:10,680
Speaker 1: there's still a lot of stuff there. Yeah, there is.

734
00:44:10,760 --> 00:44:14,120
Speaker 1: I think they they've uncovered two thirds of it, they think,

735
00:44:15,000 --> 00:44:17,600
Speaker 1: and so they've gotten to this point now where they're like, okay,

736
00:44:17,640 --> 00:44:19,399
Speaker 1: wait a minute, wait a minute. I think in the

737
00:44:19,520 --> 00:44:22,920
Speaker 1: nineteen nineties, whoever was the director of archaeology at Pompey

738
00:44:23,000 --> 00:44:26,759
Speaker 1: said we need to stop excavating. We're gonna leave the

739
00:44:27,080 --> 00:44:31,160
Speaker 1: what's left for later generations who have better techniques to

740
00:44:31,160 --> 00:44:34,320
Speaker 1: to uncover, and we're going to focus on preserving what's

741
00:44:34,320 --> 00:44:38,000
Speaker 1: here now. Um, which is a big deal because it's

742
00:44:38,000 --> 00:44:41,640
Speaker 1: a World Heritage site. And UNESCO basically came in in

743
00:44:41,680 --> 00:44:45,319
Speaker 1: two thou thirteen and they effectively condemned it. Like what

744
00:44:45,440 --> 00:44:48,359
Speaker 1: a city would do to a building that was falling down.

745
00:44:48,560 --> 00:44:51,040
Speaker 1: That's what you meant new Unesco did to the Pompey site.

746
00:44:51,080 --> 00:44:53,480
Speaker 1: They said, this this thing is toast. It's it's they

747
00:44:53,520 --> 00:44:56,400
Speaker 1: put it on the Endanger List. Uh. And one of

748
00:44:56,400 --> 00:45:00,240
Speaker 1: the big reasons is as tourists, well, while when you're there,

749
00:45:00,400 --> 00:45:02,520
Speaker 1: you're like, are are you sure I'm allowed to be

750
00:45:02,560 --> 00:45:05,359
Speaker 1: sitting on this thing and taking a funny picture, or

751
00:45:05,800 --> 00:45:08,560
Speaker 1: I'm I'm really allowed to walk through here? They let

752
00:45:08,600 --> 00:45:13,560
Speaker 1: you go almost everywhere on that site, touch everything, run around.

753
00:45:13,600 --> 00:45:16,840
Speaker 1: It's it's just like a big playground basically, and you

754
00:45:16,920 --> 00:45:18,839
Speaker 1: have to stop and remind yourself. Wait, this is an

755
00:45:18,920 --> 00:45:24,759
Speaker 1: archaeological site in operations still and um they they the

756
00:45:25,040 --> 00:45:26,799
Speaker 1: the fact that tourists have been allowed to do that

757
00:45:26,840 --> 00:45:28,680
Speaker 1: for so long, it's had a huge effect on the

758
00:45:28,719 --> 00:45:32,839
Speaker 1: deterioration of the site itself too. Yeah. Well not only that,

759
00:45:32,920 --> 00:45:37,000
Speaker 1: but it's um, it's been corrupt over the years, the

760
00:45:37,040 --> 00:45:41,560
Speaker 1: management of these ruins. Um. A lot of the structures

761
00:45:41,560 --> 00:45:45,239
Speaker 1: have collapsed over time completely and gone away. And then

762
00:45:45,280 --> 00:45:48,160
Speaker 1: finally in two thousand and twelve, the EU and the

763
00:45:48,200 --> 00:45:50,640
Speaker 1: Italian government finally got together and said, listen, we need

764
00:45:50,640 --> 00:45:54,200
Speaker 1: to really reinvest in this in this find here, and

765
00:45:54,200 --> 00:45:57,320
Speaker 1: it's called the Great Pompeii Project, and they invested about

766
00:45:57,360 --> 00:46:01,239
Speaker 1: a hundred hundred and five million euros to try and

767
00:46:01,280 --> 00:46:05,520
Speaker 1: repair and preserve what they have left. Um. I'm surprised

768
00:46:05,560 --> 00:46:09,319
Speaker 1: they haven't closed down more parts of it, because, like

769
00:46:09,360 --> 00:46:12,200
Speaker 1: you said, you can still go everywhere. But what they

770
00:46:12,239 --> 00:46:15,239
Speaker 1: have done is restored a lot of these frescoes and mosaics,

771
00:46:15,239 --> 00:46:18,800
Speaker 1: like you were saying, Um, a lot of the best

772
00:46:18,840 --> 00:46:21,839
Speaker 1: work has been done in the last five years. Yeah,

773
00:46:22,040 --> 00:46:25,239
Speaker 1: easily to try and get this thing preserved as much

774
00:46:25,280 --> 00:46:27,200
Speaker 1: as they can at this point. Yeah, And one of

775
00:46:27,239 --> 00:46:30,279
Speaker 1: the things that got them going was the um the

776
00:46:30,360 --> 00:46:33,960
Speaker 1: gladiator school, which is a pretty big structure that housed

777
00:46:33,960 --> 00:46:37,759
Speaker 1: the gladiators where they trained in town. And it it crumbled,

778
00:46:37,840 --> 00:46:41,160
Speaker 1: it fell, it turned into ruins um because it had

779
00:46:41,280 --> 00:46:44,920
Speaker 1: gotten eroded I think by drainage. And one of the

780
00:46:44,920 --> 00:46:47,279
Speaker 1: things they're figuring out now is that there was a

781
00:46:47,320 --> 00:46:52,560
Speaker 1: pretty decent sewer system underneath these towns, but that pyroclastic

782
00:46:52,560 --> 00:46:56,120
Speaker 1: flow covered it all up, so the water has nowhere

783
00:46:56,160 --> 00:46:57,920
Speaker 1: to go but over the ruins, and over the last

784
00:46:58,000 --> 00:47:00,480
Speaker 1: hundred and fifty years it's eroded some of these buildings.

785
00:47:00,640 --> 00:47:04,879
Speaker 1: That's another thing they're dealing with two And I don't

786
00:47:04,920 --> 00:47:08,200
Speaker 1: know if you sit it up with the Herculaneum conservation project,

787
00:47:08,719 --> 00:47:12,200
Speaker 1: did you mention that, uh, the Great Pompei or the

788
00:47:12,200 --> 00:47:16,480
Speaker 1: Herculaneum the Herculaneum. So there's a there's like a model

789
00:47:16,560 --> 00:47:19,279
Speaker 1: for for dealing with these sites, to preserve these sites,

790
00:47:19,320 --> 00:47:22,200
Speaker 1: and it's in Herculaneum. It was apparently worse off than

791
00:47:22,239 --> 00:47:25,520
Speaker 1: pomp Pay for a long time, and the public private

792
00:47:25,520 --> 00:47:29,040
Speaker 1: partnership took control of the thing, and now it's like

793
00:47:29,120 --> 00:47:33,120
Speaker 1: the model of how to how to rescue sites like this.

794
00:47:33,520 --> 00:47:36,600
Speaker 1: So it's possible that Pompeii project will will be successful

795
00:47:36,719 --> 00:47:40,399
Speaker 1: and in like twenty years there will probably be walkways

796
00:47:40,440 --> 00:47:43,480
Speaker 1: everywhere that are raised above ground and you won't be

797
00:47:43,480 --> 00:47:46,560
Speaker 1: able to touch anything. Um. I would guess if you

798
00:47:46,560 --> 00:47:49,080
Speaker 1: want to be able to touch Pompey, you should go

799
00:47:49,160 --> 00:47:50,879
Speaker 1: in the next few years, because I don't think they're

800
00:47:50,880 --> 00:47:53,759
Speaker 1: gonna keep allowing that for much longer. If you want

801
00:47:53,760 --> 00:47:56,320
Speaker 1: to touch Pompeii, if you want to touch it, do

802
00:47:56,400 --> 00:48:00,239
Speaker 1: you got anything else? Well, it's Pompey, man, we did it. Fine,

803
00:48:00,280 --> 00:48:05,160
Speaker 1: that's right. Okay, Well, if you want to touch pomp Pay,

804
00:48:05,360 --> 00:48:08,640
Speaker 1: you should go to Pompeii. Uh. And in the meantime,

805
00:48:08,680 --> 00:48:10,799
Speaker 1: while you're waiting to do that, if you should type

806
00:48:10,800 --> 00:48:13,440
Speaker 1: pomp Pay into the search bar how stuffworks dot com,

807
00:48:13,480 --> 00:48:16,319
Speaker 1: which we'll bring up this great article by the grap stor.

808
00:48:16,440 --> 00:48:18,600
Speaker 1: And since I said graps, there's time for listener mail,

809
00:48:21,120 --> 00:48:25,200
Speaker 1: I'm gonna call this Artifacts and our Monuments from Germany. Hey, guys,

810
00:48:25,200 --> 00:48:28,400
Speaker 1: just finish the episode on public monument removal and it

811
00:48:28,480 --> 00:48:30,319
Speaker 1: was fantastic as usual. It made me think of the

812
00:48:30,360 --> 00:48:33,600
Speaker 1: monument removal in other parts of the world, in particular

813
00:48:33,719 --> 00:48:36,719
Speaker 1: in Germany. Comes to mind because I studied German all

814
00:48:36,719 --> 00:48:39,000
Speaker 1: through high school and college to the study abroad there

815
00:48:39,000 --> 00:48:42,000
Speaker 1: first summer. The way Germans treat their Nazi history is

816
00:48:42,280 --> 00:48:46,200
Speaker 1: different by no means an expert, but as I understand that,

817
00:48:46,239 --> 00:48:48,360
Speaker 1: they do everything in their power to prevent their citizens

818
00:48:48,680 --> 00:48:52,719
Speaker 1: from idolizing or idealizing Nazi Germany. Um, you can't buy

819
00:48:52,719 --> 00:48:55,960
Speaker 1: mind comp which I think that's true, isn't it. I

820
00:48:56,000 --> 00:48:59,000
Speaker 1: think so. There are no statues or monuments of any kind.

821
00:48:59,320 --> 00:49:02,080
Speaker 1: They're not saying tizing their history or pretending it didn't happen,

822
00:49:02,440 --> 00:49:06,080
Speaker 1: but they don't want to commemorate it either anyway. In

823
00:49:06,160 --> 00:49:08,399
Speaker 1: honor of today being the day the Berlin Wall has

824
00:49:08,480 --> 00:49:11,440
Speaker 1: been gone longer than it was up, I'd like to

825
00:49:11,480 --> 00:49:14,400
Speaker 1: recommend that you see the movie Goodbye Lenin if you

826
00:49:14,400 --> 00:49:16,399
Speaker 1: haven't never seen it. It's great. It takes place when

827
00:49:16,400 --> 00:49:18,680
Speaker 1: the Berlin Wall comes down in the first year or

828
00:49:18,680 --> 00:49:22,280
Speaker 1: so after during German reunification. Funny and thoughtful and sad

829
00:49:22,880 --> 00:49:25,560
Speaker 1: and just really really good. It's one of my favorite movies.

830
00:49:25,600 --> 00:49:28,080
Speaker 1: And no spoilers, but it has my favorite scene ever

831
00:49:28,480 --> 00:49:31,920
Speaker 1: of a monument being removed. UM, and I looked it up.

832
00:49:31,960 --> 00:49:35,000
Speaker 1: It was I think it was nominated for Golden Globe

833
00:49:35,000 --> 00:49:37,880
Speaker 1: for Best Foreign Film and a host of other like

834
00:49:38,320 --> 00:49:41,160
Speaker 1: Baptis and European Awards, so it looks pretty good. Um,

835
00:49:41,360 --> 00:49:43,480
Speaker 1: look forward to you in the new episodes. And that

836
00:49:43,640 --> 00:49:47,200
Speaker 1: is from Ellie Nice. Thanks a lot, Ellie appreciate that email.

837
00:49:47,360 --> 00:49:49,920
Speaker 1: Very thoughtful. I don't think Germany was even allowed to

838
00:49:49,960 --> 00:49:54,879
Speaker 1: have a flag for a while. Um. All right, well

839
00:49:54,880 --> 00:49:57,399
Speaker 1: that's it. If you want to get in touch with us,

840
00:49:57,600 --> 00:50:00,000
Speaker 1: you can tweet to us s y s K podcast.

841
00:50:00,719 --> 00:50:02,920
Speaker 1: You can send us an email to Stuff podcast, how

842
00:50:02,960 --> 00:50:05,319
Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com, and as always, join us at

843
00:50:05,320 --> 00:50:10,800
Speaker 1: our home on the web. Stuff you Should Know dot com.

844
00:50:10,880 --> 00:50:13,200
Speaker 1: Stuff you Should Know is a production of I Heart Radio.

845
00:50:13,680 --> 00:50:16,200
Speaker 1: For more podcasts my heart Radio, visit the i heart

846
00:50:16,280 --> 00:50:19,200
Speaker 1: Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your

847
00:50:19,200 --> 00:50:19,960
Speaker 1: favorite shows.