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Speaker 1: Welcome to you stuff you missed in history class from

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Speaker 1: how Stuff Works dot com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast.

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Speaker 1: I'm Holly Frum and I'm Tracy D. Wilson. And the

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Speaker 1: topic today was actually one that was suggested by our

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Speaker 1: senior editor, Allison, after she stumbled across a little bit

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Speaker 1: of information about it. She came running over to my

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Speaker 1: death and said, you know who you should do? Uh,

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Speaker 1: And she was spot on about the interesting nature of

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Speaker 1: the story. It's got everything, so those of you who

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Speaker 1: love maritime exploration covered. Unfortunately, there's also horrible treatment of

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Speaker 1: indigenous people's their treacherous treacherous waters, treacherous shipman, a mercenary switch,

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Speaker 1: and loyalty to countries. There's some mutiny action and there's

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Speaker 1: even a little bit of mermaid action going on. So

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Speaker 1: it's a pretty full tale, so full in fact, that

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Speaker 1: we had to round it out into two episodes because

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Speaker 1: it ran super duper long. So we are going to

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Speaker 1: be talking today about Henry Hudson, who was an explorer

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Speaker 1: and commander of ocean vessels, and the four voyages that

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Speaker 1: he took while he was trying to suss out a

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Speaker 1: new trade route for various different bosses, and it is

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Speaker 1: a wild ride. It is also a cold ride, so

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Speaker 1: pack packet jacket or sweater and maybe bring up flotation best. So,

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Speaker 1: as is often the case when we go this far

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Speaker 1: back in history of the case where pretty much Henry

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Speaker 1: Hudson appeared on the world stage fully formed as an

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Speaker 1: adult human. We know he was born sometime around fifteen

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Speaker 1: sixty five, but we don't really know exactly when, and

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Speaker 1: various accounts suggest that it could have been any time

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Speaker 1: in the fifteen sixties or fifteen seventies. We also know

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Speaker 1: that he was born in England, and that's basically all

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Speaker 1: we know about the entirety of his youth and even

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Speaker 1: his early adulthood. Even the portraits that are usually identified

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Speaker 1: of him as a young man or a child could

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Speaker 1: really be someone else, And there's not a lot of certainty,

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Speaker 1: and instead a whole lot of wobbliness about his whole

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Speaker 1: life outside of the maritime adventures that wind up making

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Speaker 1: him historically famous. Yeah, there's some historians that think that

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Speaker 1: even the portraits that were painted of him as an

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Speaker 1: adult were painted after the fact and taken just from

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Speaker 1: random descriptions, and they may or might not actually look

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Speaker 1: like him at all. Uh. We do know that he

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Speaker 1: did marry at some point, and that he and his

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Speaker 1: wife Katherine, we do not know her maiden name, had

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Speaker 1: three sons together, named Richard, John, and Oliver. He's just

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Speaker 1: not really much in the record until seven. He was

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Speaker 1: a ship's commander by that time, and that marked his

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Speaker 1: first major voyage, and prior to that he has to

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Speaker 1: have had some kind of seafaring experience to have risen

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Speaker 1: up to the role of commander. So there's all kinds

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Speaker 1: of speculation that he probably, as you would expect, started

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Speaker 1: in a low ranking role and then worked his way up. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: but that's literally just stabs in the dark. We do

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Speaker 1: not know. All we know is that it would be

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Speaker 1: really bizarre and freaky if someone just said, here, you

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Speaker 1: want to be a commander. So it's assumed by most

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Speaker 1: historians that he either learned from local uh sea vessels,

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Speaker 1: or he traveled with other sailors and kind of picked

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Speaker 1: up the trade that way, or he did the usual

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Speaker 1: like start as the you know, cabin boy and slowly

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Speaker 1: came up through the ranks. But it's still a mystery.

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Speaker 1: So on that six seven voyage that Tracy mentioned, Hudson

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Speaker 1: was employed by an English firm called the Muscovy Company,

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Speaker 1: and his family actually had a lot of connections to

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Speaker 1: this company, and his directive was to find a northern

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Speaker 1: passage to Asia. And Hudson was chosen by the directors

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Speaker 1: of the Muscovy Company because he had quote secret information

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Speaker 1: that would help him navigate a new passage. At this point,

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Speaker 1: there was a huge competition going on globally to try

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Speaker 1: to secure better shipping routes two more lucrative trade locations.

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Speaker 1: Both private companies and governments were sending expeditions out hoping

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Speaker 1: to be the first to discover some previously unknown passage,

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Speaker 1: particularly to India or a Uh. Yeah, those were very

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Speaker 1: lucrative places to trade, and you had to do a

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Speaker 1: lot of wheeling and dealing to get sort of land

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Speaker 1: based trade routes passable. We'll talk about that a little

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Speaker 1: bit in one of the upcoming voyages. So the secret

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Speaker 1: information that Hudson was believed to have had was most

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Speaker 1: likely a pamphlet that was written eighty years earlier, so

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Speaker 1: decades earlier by an agent of the Bristol Trading Company

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Speaker 1: named Robert Thorne that suggested a northern passage to Cafe

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Speaker 1: Commanding a vessel named the Hope Well, Hudson set out

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Speaker 1: from London on April. The crew included William Collins who

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Speaker 1: was the mate, James Young, John Coleman, who was the Boston,

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Speaker 1: John Cook, James Bobery, James Scratton, John Place, Thomas Baxter,

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Speaker 1: Richard Day, James Knight, and Henry's son John Hudson as

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Speaker 1: the ship's boy. And the first of Hudson's four lifetime

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Speaker 1: trips was actually plagued by ice in its early stages,

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Speaker 1: which ended up cutting things a little bit short. This

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Speaker 1: is a theme that's going to play out over and

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Speaker 1: over throughout this whole story. Uh. Though the voyage had

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Speaker 1: begun in spring to hedge bets for favorable weather, the

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Speaker 1: winter persisted and really caused problems. And the thinking had

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Speaker 1: been that because the Northern Pole received five months of

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Speaker 1: continuous daylight and sunshine, that it was going to be

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Speaker 1: unfrozen in smooth sailing in the spring, but that theory

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Speaker 1: was of course not correct. Hudson and his crew managed

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Speaker 1: to reach Greenland in early June. They spent two weeks

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Speaker 1: mapping the coastline before turning northeast towards Spitzbergen. Island and

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Speaker 1: that's where they discovered areas populated by pods of whales.

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Speaker 1: This was really lucrative information for the whaling industry. Hudson

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Speaker 1: and his career then spent the next several months exploring

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Speaker 1: and mapping the islands around Greenland. Yet said that once

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Speaker 1: that news got back to um London and then spread,

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Speaker 1: there were just whaling ships kind of swarming the area,

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Speaker 1: which is unfortunate, uh, but interesting and as we said,

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Speaker 1: unfortunately lucrative part of this voyage, But the ongoing frozen

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Speaker 1: conditions really meant that no new passages or trade routes

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Speaker 1: were going to be discovered this time around. The voyage

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Speaker 1: was finally called off when they just could go no further,

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Speaker 1: and the Hope Well returned to England on September. And

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Speaker 1: in addition to the whale locations, the voyage was noteworthy

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Speaker 1: because it had traveled farther north than any other known

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Speaker 1: expedition at the time. And before we get to his

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Speaker 1: second voyage, which he began planning immediately, do you want

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Speaker 1: to take a word from a sponsor, let's do so.

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Speaker 1: After that somewhat disappointing first voyage in seven, Hudson spent

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Speaker 1: the winter, preparing to make another go at finding a

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Speaker 1: northern passage to Asia. So he had gotten back in September,

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Speaker 1: and then he basically just buckled down and did tons

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Speaker 1: of research and map reading and plotting of courses uh

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Speaker 1: and this time the plan was going to be to

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Speaker 1: travel north of Russia through the Arctic waters, still trying

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Speaker 1: to find that passage to Asia. The voyage once again

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Speaker 1: set out in the spring, and this time it was

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Speaker 1: on April twenty six eight. Hudson once again took the

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Speaker 1: Hope Well and his crew was quite tiny. It was

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Speaker 1: only fourteen men, plus his son John. Only three of

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Speaker 1: those fourteen men had been with him on the first voyage,

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Speaker 1: so he had quite a bit of turnover. The crew

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Speaker 1: members included Robert Jewett, who was the master's mate. He

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Speaker 1: recorded his own accounts of Hudson's travels, and he will

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Speaker 1: become a rather pivotal character later on in the story.

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Speaker 1: Also traveling with him where Arnold Lovelow, John Cook, who

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Speaker 1: was the bos in, Philip Stacey, who was a carpenter,

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Speaker 1: John Barnes, John Braunch who was a cook, John Andrey,

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Speaker 1: James Strutton, Michael Fierce, Thomas Hills, Richard Thompson, Robert Rayner,

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Speaker 1: and Humphrey Gilby. The Muscovie company was pretty fearful at

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Speaker 1: this point that if sorry Ivan the Terrible died, England

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Speaker 1: was gonna lose its access to land passages for trade

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Speaker 1: that Russia had controlled. So they really really wanted Hudson

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Speaker 1: to figure out a new way to go by sea. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: they really wanted to hedge their bets so that they

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Speaker 1: would have some options other than land travel for trade.

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Speaker 1: But once again, you know, they're still going into the

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Speaker 1: same latitudes at the same time, so I see conditions

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Speaker 1: impeded progress. Several of the crew members, including the carpenter

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Speaker 1: who was on board, to continue the reinforcement of the

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Speaker 1: ship that had begun at port so that they could

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Speaker 1: hopefully have a better go at these icy waters were

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Speaker 1: taken quite ill very early on. Hudson was able to

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Speaker 1: get to the archipelago of Novaya Zemilia, but he couldn't

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Speaker 1: go any farther. He tried to go south into the

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Speaker 1: Kara Sea, but that was frozen, and at this point

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Speaker 1: Hudson was starting to have some problems with his crew.

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Speaker 1: After the blockage at Nevaa, Zemilia, which happened at the

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Speaker 1: beginning of July. He had actually decided that what he

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Speaker 1: was gonna do was head to North America, but he

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Speaker 1: didn't all the crew. Uh So, as they turned away

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Speaker 1: from the Russian archipelago, the men aboard thought that they

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Speaker 1: were calling it quits like the first voyage had, and

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Speaker 1: that they were headed home. It was August when the

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Speaker 1: men finally realized that they were not going back to London,

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Speaker 1: and there was almost a mutiny when the decision finally

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Speaker 1: was made to return to England and abort the mission

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Speaker 1: yet again. Hudson wrote that the crew had not forced

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Speaker 1: his hand in the matter. This is often speculated to

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Speaker 1: have either been written under darrest or as a means

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Speaker 1: to placate the crew in the face of a potential coup. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it was clear, based on the journals that were being

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Speaker 1: kept by the people aboard that that were literate, that

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Speaker 1: they were unhappy with him, and I think there was

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Speaker 1: concern that, uh, you know, they would somehow be in

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Speaker 1: trouble that the voyage had ended. But in his journal

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Speaker 1: Hudson wrote, quote, I used all diligence to arrive at London,

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Speaker 1: and therefore I now gave my crew a certificate under

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Speaker 1: my hand of my free and willing return without persuasion

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Speaker 1: or forced by anyone or more of them. For when

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Speaker 1: we were at Nova Zemlia on sixth of July, void

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Speaker 1: of hope of a northeast passage, I therefore resolved to

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Speaker 1: use all means I could to sail to the northwest.

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Speaker 1: To me, that would sound so suspicious, like if you

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Speaker 1: were a boss in a company and you got to

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Speaker 1: note that said we had to cut the voyage short.

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Speaker 1: No one made me do it, Like, yeah, it does

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Speaker 1: sound when an eyebrow, he's protesting a little too much

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Speaker 1: on that uh. Accounts also indicate that even at the

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Speaker 1: start of the journey, Hudson and Jewett had had some

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Speaker 1: kind of conflict between the two of them, and Hudson

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Speaker 1: described him as quote a man of mean tempers. And

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Speaker 1: because Hudson had failed to find a see passage to

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Speaker 1: Asia a second time, the Muscovy company was really pretty

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Speaker 1: uninterested in pursuing the idea. Further to their thinking, two

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Speaker 1: times out, they really didn't get very far, so it's

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Speaker 1: probably not worth throwing more resources at this. And they

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Speaker 1: had also lost all faith in Hudson, and so when

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Speaker 1: he came back and requested to make a third attempt

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Speaker 1: at finding a northern passage to Asia. He was flatly refused.

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Speaker 1: The most interesting footnote from the eight voyage is probably

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Speaker 1: the log entry on when they spotted the mermaid on June.

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Speaker 1: Crewman Thomas Hills and Robert Rayner were the first to

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Speaker 1: see it and yelled for the rest of the crew

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Speaker 1: to come and see. Hudson described the mermaid really matter

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Speaker 1: of fact Lee in his entry, is having long black hair,

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Speaker 1: pale skin, a woman's breasts, and the tail of a

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Speaker 1: purpose which was speckled like a mackerel. His log indicated

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Speaker 1: that she looked quote earnestly on the men as they

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Speaker 1: gathered on the side of the ship to look at her. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: he pretty clearly believed mermaids were a real thing. There's

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Speaker 1: no like speculation about was this some sea animal, whether

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Speaker 1: he's like there was a mermaid, we saw it. Here

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Speaker 1: are the details. It's kind of interesting. Before we get

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Speaker 1: to his third voyage, do you want to take a

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Speaker 1: word from a sponsor, Let's do that. So at this

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Speaker 1: point Hudson is back in England. He really wants to

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Speaker 1: continue his exploration. He feels like he has some plans

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Speaker 1: two attempts. But he really could not find any backers

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Speaker 1: so instead he joined up with one of England's rivals

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Speaker 1: Dutch East India Company, and he hooked up with them

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Speaker 1: in sixteen o nine. His new employers made Hudson commander

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Speaker 1: of a ship named the half Moon and sent him

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Speaker 1: on a mission that basically had the same orders as before.

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Speaker 1: He was supposed to find a passage to Asia via

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Speaker 1: the waters north of Russia, and the half Moon was

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Speaker 1: apparently not a great vessel. It was a little bit

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Speaker 1: old that needed some work, It sat high in the water.

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Speaker 1: It was expected that it was going to be troublesome

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Speaker 1: if they encountered any type of inclement weather heavy winds,

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Speaker 1: and Hudson actually tried to petition his new bosses to

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Speaker 1: he received a reply from the Dutch East India Company

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Speaker 1: that said, quote, the half Moon is the only ship

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Speaker 1: at the disposal of the Dutch East India Company. We

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Speaker 1: can give you no other ship. If you do not

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Speaker 1: want the half moon. The company will be obliged to

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Speaker 1: find another captain to carry out this assignment. His contract

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Speaker 1: with the Dutch East India Company was really specific about

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Speaker 1: the objectives that Hudson was supposed to meet, and it

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Speaker 1: was even stipulated that his wife and children had to

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Speaker 1: live in Holland under the care of the company while

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Speaker 1: he was to be at sea. There was also a

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Speaker 1: really clear stipulation that all journals and logs kept by

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Speaker 1: Hudson would be turned over to the company at the

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Speaker 1: end of the voyage. Once again, on this voyage, confronted

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Speaker 1: by impassable ice, Hudson made the exact same decision that

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Speaker 1: he had attempted to follow through on with his second

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Speaker 1: voyage when he was working for the Muscobie Company. He

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Speaker 1: headed for North America. He thought there might be a

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Speaker 1: passage to the Pacific Ocean through the North American continent,

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Speaker 1: and their speculation that he may have heard this first

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Speaker 1: through famed explorer and his friend John Smith, maybe because

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Speaker 1: they knew of his somewhat rash decision during the second voyage,

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Speaker 1: or maybe because they knew he had been discussing North

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Speaker 1: America with John Smith. The Dutch East India Company amended

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Speaker 1: his mission contract before the half moon set sail and

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Speaker 1: this amendment included the word the wording that Hudson was

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Speaker 1: quote to think of discovering no other route or passage

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Speaker 1: except the route around the north or northeast above Nova. ZEMBLA. Yeah, hey,

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Speaker 1: don't get any funny ideas like last time around Champ

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Speaker 1: you will be a breach of contract. Uh. Apparently he

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Speaker 1: didn't feels so strongly about that agreement. But we'll get

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Speaker 1: to that just a bit. So the crew that he

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Speaker 1: took with him number between sixteen and twenty. Accounts differ,

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Speaker 1: and most of them say that twenty would be a

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Speaker 1: very large crew, but somebody say that there were to money. Uh.

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Speaker 1: They included both English and Dutch sailors, and there was

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Speaker 1: a huge language gap between them because they did not

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Speaker 1: speak each other's language, nor did they speak any language

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Speaker 1: that any of them had in common. Uh. They also

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Speaker 1: have different seafaring experience. Some of them were accustomed to

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Speaker 1: cold water, some are accustomed to warmer waters. Their experiences

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Speaker 1: did not really overlap. This made for a general distrust

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Speaker 1: among them, like they all felt that the others weren't

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Speaker 1: as experienced or weren't going to be as able to

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Speaker 1: cope with changing situations as as they were. You know,

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Speaker 1: it was kind of a problem. So in his journal, Jewett,

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Speaker 1: who despite having friction with Hudson, was on board for

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Speaker 1: this third voyage, described the Dutch sailors as quote an

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Speaker 1: ugly lot. Because of the requirement that Hudson hand over

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Speaker 1: its journals to the company after the voyage, Jewet's accounts

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Speaker 1: are pretty much everything we know about it. Yeah, so

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Speaker 1: it's there's some bias there. Probably. They're pretty basic journals

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Speaker 1: and you can read all of them online and we

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Speaker 1: will include a link to his journals from this voyage.

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Speaker 1: But what we know is that in April the half

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Speaker 1: Moons set out from Amsterdam, and by mid to late

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Speaker 1: May it became parent apparent that once again getting beyond

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Speaker 1: Novaya Zemia was going to be impossible. Yet again, it's

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Speaker 1: kind of that thing where people keep saying, if you

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Speaker 1: keep trying the same thing over and over expecting a

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Speaker 1: different result, you're kind of an idiot. Um he kind

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Speaker 1: of was doing that. Uh. The crew was once again unhappy,

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Speaker 1: They were cold, They were distrustful of Hudson's leadership because

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Speaker 1: the few that were repeats from the last voyage were

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Speaker 1: like didn't we just do this? Uh? And some level

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Speaker 1: of revolt did take place, though not a full mutiny,

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Speaker 1: and Hudson did indeed turn towards North America. Unlike in

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Speaker 1: the second voyage, though Hudson told the crew about the plan,

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Speaker 1: and he actually offered them a choice. They could use

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Speaker 1: the information he had, which included maps and notes from

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Speaker 1: John Smith, to had for warmer waters, or they could

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Speaker 1: keep on trying to force their way through the icy

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Speaker 1: waters of davis Is straight at the north end of

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Speaker 1: the Labrador Sea to try to find a passage to Asia,

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Speaker 1: since a northeast passage really seemed impossible. So not very surprisingly,

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Speaker 1: the crew opted to head for warmer waters. Yeah, and

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Speaker 1: just for clarity, So he offered them a choice, but

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Speaker 1: they were He was still like, we're going through North America.

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Speaker 1: We can either go north through the really cold part

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Speaker 1: or go a little south through the warmer part. So

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Speaker 1: they had a choice, but it still was his plan

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Speaker 1: to completely reverse their their initial um orders, and despite

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Speaker 1: traveling through some incredibly rough storms and be slightly delayed

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Speaker 1: at one point by trying to chase another ship down

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Speaker 1: for a period of time, and it's speculated that they

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Speaker 1: were after them for plunder, to steal their booty or

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Speaker 1: their supplies. The Half Moon did indeed reach North America

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Speaker 1: uh they landed in what is now Nova Scotia in

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Speaker 1: July of six nine. The half Moon traveled down the

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Speaker 1: American coast, exploring and making contact with Native Americans, and

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Speaker 1: while Jewett describes the natives as friendly and welcoming in

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Speaker 1: his journals, he's also very clear that he didn't trust

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Speaker 1: them to It's journals detail all kinds of ill behavior

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Speaker 1: on the part of the half Moon's crew toward the

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Speaker 1: Native Americans that they encountered. There are lots of tales

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Speaker 1: of theft and looting and even kidnapping. In his daily entries.

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Speaker 1: They kept on encountering and interacting with Natives along their

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Speaker 1: journey despite their very obvious xenophobia. Yeah, I feel compelled

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Speaker 1: to point out it was not uncommon for explorers who

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Speaker 1: landed in North America or any foreign lands to kidnap

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Speaker 1: the natives of those lands or the indigenous peoples and

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Speaker 1: try to bring them back to Europe as sort of novelties.

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Speaker 1: So it's not unusual that they did that. Still reprehensible,

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Speaker 1: but pretty common in the day. And you know, they

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Speaker 1: kind of just thought they were exploiting people that were

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Speaker 1: not equal to them. So they were just they just

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Speaker 1: felt like they were entitled to go and steal their

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Speaker 1: things and do horrible things. It's quite awful. But we

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Speaker 1: are going to cliffhang you there. So we are mid

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Speaker 1: voyage and we know that, but things are about to

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Speaker 1: take a pretty significant turn. Uh. And so rather than

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Speaker 1: delve into that now, which we do not really have

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Speaker 1: time to get deep into, We're going to save that

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Speaker 1: for the next time. Uh. And instead we're gonna shift

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Speaker 1: gears and go to listener mail. And I have a

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Speaker 1: piece of mail from our listener, Miss Jade, and it

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Speaker 1: is about our House of Worth podcast. Uh. Jade says, Hello, ladies.

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Speaker 1: I'm an avid listener and was so extremely excited to

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Speaker 1: listen to the recent episode on the House of Worth.

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Speaker 1: I'm a professional seamstress and costume designer. Listening to the

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Speaker 1: podcast has certainly gotten me through some very long days

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Speaker 1: in the shop. I share Holly's love of not only

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Speaker 1: historical clothing, but also of undergarments and foundation garments. I'm

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Speaker 1: still trying to sift through the archives to find your

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Speaker 1: podcast on undergarments that you recently mentioned on this show.

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Speaker 1: That was a wild back. I want to say that

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Speaker 1: was fall to help narrow that for her. Uh, it

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Speaker 1: was lovely to learn about the life of Worth himself

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Speaker 1: as well as the brand. There was one thing that

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Speaker 1: stuck out to me, however, that was a bit off.

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Speaker 1: It was the use of the word stitcher in regards

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Speaker 1: to the people that soaked could tour garments. The correct

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Speaker 1: word is seamstress, as stitcher implies a machine operator and

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Speaker 1: not one with exacting skills and garment construction. A stitcher

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Speaker 1: is someone who, say so, is the left patch pocket

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Speaker 1: on a pair of jeans and a dentom factory for

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Speaker 1: twenty years many people in the business of making bespoke

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Speaker 1: garments get their panties in a wrinkle about language here,

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Speaker 1: seamstress is gender specific, and we haven't quite figured out

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Speaker 1: a way around that yet, as there are many men

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Speaker 1: out there that are quite skilled in garment construction as well. Taylor. Traditionally,

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Speaker 1: a trade and title held by men is actually a

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Speaker 1: specific skill set separate from being a seamstress, though you

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Speaker 1: can of course be both, like myself. There are different

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Speaker 1: camps about the interchangeable use of the word stitcher and seamstress,

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Speaker 1: but especially when speaking to people who are in the

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Speaker 1: business of constructing tour garments. Uh, these people are masters

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Speaker 1: of the art. So maybe I cleared that up, just

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Speaker 1: muddied the water. Uh, I alo a long time ago.

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Speaker 1: This is one of my personal pecadillo's. I just kind

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Speaker 1: of adopted stitcher for everything because of the very reasons

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Speaker 1: she points out. Uh, seems stress doesn't apply to everyone,

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Speaker 1: and it seems weird to use ditto with taylor, even

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Speaker 1: though I feel while taylor is usually associated with men,

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Speaker 1: just as a word on its own, it feels less

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Speaker 1: male specific to me. So I will use that interchangeably

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Speaker 1: with men and women. But I do tend to use stitcher.

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Speaker 1: And I certainly don't mean to offend anyone who is

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Speaker 1: an accomplished couture sower. It's just for me. It seems

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Speaker 1: just really bothers me because I feel like it's exclusionary. Um.

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Speaker 1: But I do understand, like she pointed out, there are

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Speaker 1: many camps and schools of thought on this, and uh

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Speaker 1: not everyone feels the same about it. So but it's

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Speaker 1: a great thing to point out and think about. It's

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Speaker 1: one of those things I probably should have mentioned the podcast,

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Speaker 1: so my apologies that I didn't, because those are those

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Speaker 1: words that are they become very specific and emblematic of

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Speaker 1: certain sort of levels of of skill and degrees of knowledge.

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Speaker 1: And it's kind of like how when I worked in

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Speaker 1: the library for a long time, people always wanted to

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Speaker 1: call me a librarian, but I was not. I do

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Speaker 1: not have a master of library science, and I would

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Speaker 1: try to correct them, but eventually I got tired and

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Speaker 1: just said whatever works, which I meant no disrespect to

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Speaker 1: the actual librarians in my life, but sometimes you get

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Speaker 1: into a very awkward discussion that becomes about esoteric nomenclature

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Speaker 1: to the average person. So that is the scoop, And

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Speaker 1: then many thanks to Jade for pointing out that little

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Speaker 1: uh gap in gap in mind um information that I shared.

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Speaker 1: If you would like to write to us, you can

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Speaker 1: do so History podcast at house to Works dot com.

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Speaker 1: You can connect with us on Twitter at mist in History,

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00:22:46,160 --> 00:22:49,320
Speaker 1: at Facebook dot com slash mist in history and missed

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00:22:49,359 --> 00:22:52,320
Speaker 1: Industry dot tumbler dot com, and at pinterest dot com

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Speaker 1: slash misst in history. You can also get Delightful misst

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Speaker 1: in History merchandize at mist in history dot spreadshirt dot com.

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Speaker 1: If you would like to research uh a little bit

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Speaker 1: of info related to what we talked about today, you

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00:23:04,440 --> 00:23:06,680
Speaker 1: can go to our parents site, how stuff Works. Type

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00:23:06,680 --> 00:23:08,800
Speaker 1: in the words famous explorers and you are going to

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00:23:08,880 --> 00:23:11,840
Speaker 1: get loads of stuff, a lot of brief articles on

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Speaker 1: famous explorers throughout history. Uh in putting Henry Hipson. If

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00:23:16,480 --> 00:23:18,800
Speaker 1: you would like to visit us on our history website,

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00:23:18,840 --> 00:23:20,920
Speaker 1: you can go to misston history dot com. You will

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00:23:20,960 --> 00:23:24,000
Speaker 1: get archive of every episode that has ever been done,

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00:23:24,240 --> 00:23:26,919
Speaker 1: as well as show notes for the more recent episodes

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Speaker 1: since Tracy and I have been on the podcast, as

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Speaker 1: well as the occasional blog post. And if you get

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Speaker 1: to look at the fun pictures that we associate with

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