WEBVTT - Who owns the oceans? 0:00:00.280 --> 0:00:02.840 Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera. 0:00:03.160 --> 0:00:07.600 It's ready. Are you welcome to Stuff you should know? 0:00:08.200 --> 0:00:12.400 From House Stuff Works dot com? Are and welcome to 0:00:12.440 --> 0:00:17.360 the podcast. I'm Josh. That's Chuck, Chuck, and we are 0:00:17.560 --> 0:00:20.040 happy to be here. Agreed. That was a terrible Chuck 0:00:20.079 --> 0:00:22.680 with a terrible point. You're the one that started. I know, 0:00:22.760 --> 0:00:25.840 I'm just kidding. This is stuff you should know a 0:00:26.000 --> 0:00:30.320 k a. The Happy Pirate Hour, right right, um, although 0:00:30.360 --> 0:00:34.720 we're not pirates and they's never run an hour, but Chuck, 0:00:34.800 --> 0:00:38.360 the reason I said argue is because I wanted to 0:00:38.360 --> 0:00:41.680 know if you knew about these, uh, these pirates in Somalia. 0:00:41.800 --> 0:00:43.400 Have you heard about this? I read a little bit 0:00:43.400 --> 0:00:45.680 about that was the summer or was it in the fall? 0:00:45.880 --> 0:00:48.000 Oh it's still going on, but yeah, this passing this 0:00:48.080 --> 0:00:50.720 past summer and fall, they were at their peak. They 0:00:50.720 --> 0:00:53.400 got they captured a hundred million dollars with the Saudi 0:00:53.479 --> 0:00:59.600 Oil Um. They captured a cargo vessel with thirty Russian 0:00:59.640 --> 0:01:03.000 tank on it. They've been making millions of dollars holding 0:01:03.000 --> 0:01:06.360 these things for ransom. They're getting increasingly sophisticated. The British 0:01:06.440 --> 0:01:09.600 Navy went head to head with um, like a small 0:01:09.640 --> 0:01:12.479 fishing boat of ten of them. UM. And after they 0:01:12.480 --> 0:01:14.640 finally captured these guys, they went on board. They were 0:01:14.640 --> 0:01:18.800 assault rifles, rocket propelled grenade launchers. Like these guys are 0:01:18.959 --> 0:01:22.400 there like modern day pirates. It's in a weird but 0:01:22.520 --> 0:01:24.880 it's kind of cool. But at the same time, pirates, 0:01:24.880 --> 0:01:28.840 you know, they should they should send Bill Murray. Did 0:01:28.880 --> 0:01:32.800 you see The Life Aquatic? Yes, pirates, modern modern pirates 0:01:32.840 --> 0:01:35.480 in that movie, and they had forgotten about that aspect. 0:01:35.720 --> 0:01:38.520 That's what I picture actually really, yeah, but that's kind 0:01:38.520 --> 0:01:40.319 of what they're like. You know. It's not the days 0:01:40.360 --> 0:01:43.080 of the skull and crossbones and well no, not anymore. 0:01:43.080 --> 0:01:46.240 There's very few peg legs aboard these ships, I imagine. 0:01:46.640 --> 0:01:50.960 But actually Africa has long been a place for piracy. 0:01:51.040 --> 0:01:55.040 I mean this goes back centuries. Actually red Beards. They 0:01:55.040 --> 0:01:59.760 were actually two brothers, the brothers Barbarossa. They established piracy 0:01:59.760 --> 0:02:02.480 and other in Africa. Um. They were Turks and they 0:02:02.480 --> 0:02:06.120 were battling the Spanish Christians across the way, and there 0:02:06.160 --> 0:02:08.480 was a lot of really evil deeds done to one 0:02:08.480 --> 0:02:11.200 another from both sides. Actually, I'm a black Beard guy, 0:02:11.800 --> 0:02:16.560 are you? He was didn't he various his his booty. 0:02:16.680 --> 0:02:20.320 Uh in the outer banks? Uh, maybe not too far away. 0:02:20.480 --> 0:02:24.120 I know that that Discovery Channel showed Treasure quest like 0:02:24.120 --> 0:02:26.480 all these modern day treasure hunters they can it's gotten 0:02:26.560 --> 0:02:28.640 much more sophisticated, and they're starting to find a lot 0:02:28.680 --> 0:02:33.840 of these shipwrecks with tons of lute. So finding uh 0:02:34.680 --> 0:02:39.480 old pirates is becoming as as sophisticated as modern pirates are. 0:02:40.400 --> 0:02:44.880 You know the correlations, Yeah, although correlation is not causation, Chuck. 0:02:45.120 --> 0:02:48.799 That's what I that's what I've learned. Okay, So these 0:02:48.840 --> 0:02:51.560 pirates were really having it free and easy, um, and 0:02:51.600 --> 0:02:55.200 they were being they were very successful. Um. And one 0:02:55.240 --> 0:02:59.280 of the reasons why is because nobody wanted to capture 0:02:59.320 --> 0:03:01.639 him because they didn't who would prosecute them? Well, right, 0:03:01.680 --> 0:03:05.079 they're they're acting like they own the oceans. Well, the 0:03:05.200 --> 0:03:08.120 number one, their country doesn't have a functioning central government 0:03:08.200 --> 0:03:11.680 right now, it hasn't since the nineties, right, But number two, 0:03:12.120 --> 0:03:14.920 as you said, and I'm so sorry to step all 0:03:14.919 --> 0:03:16.880 over your segue because it's so good. Do you want 0:03:16.919 --> 0:03:19.320 to say it again, Josh, they're acting as if they 0:03:19.360 --> 0:03:22.280 own the oceans. You know what, Chuck? They do in 0:03:22.280 --> 0:03:24.919 a sense, and so do you, So do you, Chuck, 0:03:25.240 --> 0:03:27.520 and so do all of you out there in podcast land. 0:03:27.800 --> 0:03:30.960 We all own the oceans. It is the heritage of 0:03:30.960 --> 0:03:33.480 all mankind, as the UN puts it. We'll get to 0:03:33.520 --> 0:03:36.840 that a little later. But yeah, So these Somali pirates 0:03:36.840 --> 0:03:40.640 are being shuffled around from nation to nation. Kenya's prosecuting 0:03:40.640 --> 0:03:42.840 a lot of them, but really it's not clear whether 0:03:42.880 --> 0:03:46.880 that anybody has jurisdiction over them, right, um, But yeah, 0:03:46.960 --> 0:03:51.360 so we all own the oceans, right and the waters 0:03:51.400 --> 0:03:53.840 off of Somalia have been declared the High Seas, which 0:03:53.880 --> 0:03:58.200 makes them international waters, which means everybody owns them. There 0:03:58.200 --> 0:04:02.560 are portions of the ocean that bowl that not everyone owns, 0:04:02.680 --> 0:04:05.160 right the right, So you want to talk a little 0:04:05.160 --> 0:04:07.240 bit about the history. All of this is just so cryptic. 0:04:07.320 --> 0:04:09.080 Let's really get down to the nuts and bolts here. 0:04:09.200 --> 0:04:11.640 Sure they they figured this out over the course of 0:04:12.160 --> 0:04:14.680 the past, what a couple of hundred years? Well, there 0:04:14.840 --> 0:04:18.239 there have been treaties dating back to the ancient Romans. 0:04:18.920 --> 0:04:21.560 Well yeah, but they were very localized in regional This 0:04:21.640 --> 0:04:24.080 is like the oceans. But yeah, that's a couple of 0:04:24.120 --> 0:04:27.800 hundred years. Yes, I guess the first one was the 0:04:27.800 --> 0:04:30.720 Freedom of the Seas Doctrine a k a. The Law 0:04:31.120 --> 0:04:33.400 of the sea right. Not to be confused with the 0:04:33.440 --> 0:04:37.120 custom of the sea, which was basically protocol for cannibalism 0:04:37.200 --> 0:04:39.600 during a shipwright and not to be confused with chicken 0:04:39.640 --> 0:04:42.440 of the sea, which is which and not Yeah, it's 0:04:42.480 --> 0:04:45.480 not chicken. Uh. Yeah. So the Freedom of the Seas 0:04:45.520 --> 0:04:47.520 doctrine was kind of the first one, and basically that 0:04:47.600 --> 0:04:51.520 granted exclusive rights, uh for a three mile buffer of 0:04:51.560 --> 0:04:55.520 ocean that abutted your coastline. Right, And we still have those. 0:04:55.520 --> 0:04:58.680 It's called territorial seas right, but it's expanded quite a 0:04:58.720 --> 0:05:02.400 bit since it has UM. And but the the territorial 0:05:02.440 --> 0:05:05.480 see whether it's a three miles or um. You know, 0:05:05.520 --> 0:05:07.640 however many miles it is now, which will get too 0:05:07.680 --> 0:05:09.840 later we don't want to ruin the surprise and how 0:05:09.960 --> 0:05:12.800 how far off shore a territorial sea goes now, But 0:05:12.880 --> 0:05:16.360 basically it's um. It's an extension of the sovereign soil 0:05:16.800 --> 0:05:20.400 of a nation, a coastal nation. UM. So if a 0:05:20.440 --> 0:05:22.760 ship sails into that and they're acting a little belligerent, 0:05:22.800 --> 0:05:24.840 they want to shoot their cannons off or whatever, that's 0:05:24.839 --> 0:05:29.440 an active war. It's it's tantamount to invading that nation soil, right, 0:05:29.600 --> 0:05:31.920 And that actually got us into a couple of wars, right, 0:05:32.040 --> 0:05:34.320 it did. We we took not the big one, that's 0:05:34.360 --> 0:05:36.880 World War two, No, World War one, World War one. 0:05:36.920 --> 0:05:39.240 War of eighteen twelve. World War one was the sinking 0:05:39.240 --> 0:05:42.159 of the Lusitania UM. And one of the reasons that 0:05:42.240 --> 0:05:47.400 drewis in is because an attack on another country's vessels 0:05:47.480 --> 0:05:51.400 in international waters, which is everything outside of the um 0:05:52.000 --> 0:05:55.640 the territorial waters, which is most of the ocean, right um, 0:05:55.720 --> 0:05:59.560 that is an active war as well. So British the 0:05:59.600 --> 0:06:03.599 British vessels capturing American sailors provoked the War of eighteen twelve, 0:06:04.120 --> 0:06:08.320 and the Lusitania being sunk by the Germans is Germans um. 0:06:08.360 --> 0:06:10.839 That was that was what caused World War one in 0:06:10.960 --> 0:06:15.039 large part. After that, the United States, I love that 0:06:15.080 --> 0:06:16.719 we were the ones that said, you know what, three 0:06:16.720 --> 0:06:19.880 miles isn't gonna cut it. We want two hundred miles. 0:06:20.320 --> 0:06:23.279 And in ninety five we just kind of declared that. So, yeah, 0:06:23.320 --> 0:06:25.320 the Great Sea Grab of forty five I like to 0:06:25.320 --> 0:06:28.559 call it, basically what happened um for three hundred years 0:06:28.960 --> 0:06:33.680 the law of the sea. It was in uh unofficial agreement, 0:06:34.120 --> 0:06:36.120 an unofficial treat So the fact that it lasted three 0:06:36.520 --> 0:06:40.239 years is pretty significant. But by one of the reasons 0:06:40.279 --> 0:06:43.880 that lasted so long is because we didn't have the 0:06:44.320 --> 0:06:48.000 capabilities to draw things like oh, I don't know, oil, 0:06:48.360 --> 0:06:53.080 natural gas, huge commercial fishing operations were up yet. Um. 0:06:53.120 --> 0:06:55.960 But by the mid twentieth century we started to develop 0:06:56.000 --> 0:07:01.120 these capabilities, and so under pressure from oil company these UM, 0:07:01.160 --> 0:07:05.000 Truman actually just said, you know what, UM, I'm going 0:07:05.040 --> 0:07:09.600 to unilaterally extend the US's territorial waters two hundred miles 0:07:09.720 --> 0:07:11.880 from three miles to two d miles. I got a 0:07:11.920 --> 0:07:15.040 stat for you, I want to hear it. Speaking of oil, Uh, 0:07:15.200 --> 0:07:18.480 nineteen fifty four, we were only pulling out less than 0:07:18.520 --> 0:07:22.680 one million tons of oil per year from the ocean, right, 0:07:22.720 --> 0:07:24.760 from all the oceans combined. Right, that's right. And by 0:07:24.800 --> 0:07:26.840 the end of the nineteen sixties, which you know nine 0:07:26.960 --> 0:07:30.800 that that much further along, almost four hundred million tons 0:07:31.200 --> 0:07:34.440 per year. Right, So these things had had increased in value. 0:07:34.560 --> 0:07:37.480 Our sophistication and removing them from the bottom of the 0:07:37.480 --> 0:07:41.360 sea had increased, right, Um, And all of a sudden, 0:07:41.360 --> 0:07:44.600 instead of just some ships passing, you know, loaded with 0:07:44.640 --> 0:07:48.320 cigarettes for going from one country to another. That this 0:07:48.400 --> 0:07:51.440 was the sea became a really much a much busier 0:07:51.480 --> 0:07:54.240 place because by that ton Yeah, that's because there's a 0:07:54.240 --> 0:07:56.200 lot of money to be had, agreed. I have another 0:07:56.240 --> 0:07:59.040 stat I want to hear. Uh. In two thousand four, 0:07:59.240 --> 0:08:02.120 which was a short time ago, the United States alone 0:08:02.840 --> 0:08:07.040 UH generated sixty three billion dollars worth of wages paid 0:08:07.040 --> 0:08:11.600 out for oceanic activities. So in just one year in 0:08:11.680 --> 0:08:15.480 just the United States. Absolutely wow. So let's say, okay, 0:08:15.520 --> 0:08:18.480 so it is it's big business, right, big time. And uh, 0:08:18.560 --> 0:08:21.280 I imagine that's probably worth even more now with with 0:08:22.000 --> 0:08:24.400 I can't imagine how much oil we're drawing out now 0:08:24.680 --> 0:08:28.000 four years later, it's probably yeah, a lot more so. Um. 0:08:28.120 --> 0:08:30.280 So clearly everybody kind of wants as much of these 0:08:30.320 --> 0:08:34.320 resources as they can get. Which was the two hundred 0:08:34.400 --> 0:08:38.360 mile sea grab that the US kicked off, A whole 0:08:38.360 --> 0:08:41.680 lot of other countries followed suit immediately. It was just 0:08:41.720 --> 0:08:44.520 a mess. Right, well they're doing it, I want yeah, 0:08:44.760 --> 0:08:46.920 so um and a lot of these overlapped you know 0:08:46.960 --> 0:08:49.319 what I mean, Like, think of Cuba, because not two 0:08:49.360 --> 0:08:51.680 hundred miles from the US. So there's all there's just 0:08:51.720 --> 0:08:53.920 a big mess, lots of ramification. And because it was 0:08:53.960 --> 0:08:57.280 an informal treaty, the Law of the Sea, UM, nobody 0:08:57.280 --> 0:09:00.959 could say anything really right. Even worse now that we're 0:09:01.040 --> 0:09:04.760 drawing all these resources out the in over fishing, in 0:09:04.920 --> 0:09:09.920 commercial fisheries, UM, nobody wants. Everybody wants the resources, but 0:09:09.960 --> 0:09:13.080 nobody wants the responsibility of taking care of the oceans, 0:09:13.200 --> 0:09:15.240 right and over fishing is a huge problem right now. 0:09:15.280 --> 0:09:18.160 So right sure, And and one of the reasons why 0:09:18.280 --> 0:09:22.520 is because of that there weren't any um any you know, 0:09:22.840 --> 0:09:31.240 I guess treaties with teeth in place until yeah, the 0:09:31.240 --> 0:09:34.559 the Maltese ambassador of the U n one Arvid Pardo, 0:09:34.760 --> 0:09:37.680 finally stood up and said, wait, we must do something 0:09:37.679 --> 0:09:41.360 about this is out of hand. Everybody's going nuts. I'm 0:09:41.360 --> 0:09:45.480 looking at you United States, UM. And he suggested that 0:09:45.520 --> 0:09:47.800 they have a convention, and what came out of that 0:09:48.200 --> 0:09:50.719 was the Convention of the Law of the Sea right 0:09:50.760 --> 0:09:52.520 and makes a lot of you know, I can't believe 0:09:52.559 --> 0:09:55.640 it took a that long to officially do this. Yeah 0:09:55.760 --> 0:09:58.400 that he he said it in sixty seven. In the 0:09:58.480 --> 0:10:03.559 convention UH was finally ratified in eighty two and then 0:10:03.640 --> 0:10:05.600 didn't come into force until ninety four, So it took 0:10:05.600 --> 0:10:07.440 that long just to get this thing. Well that's the 0:10:07.600 --> 0:10:10.199 that's the u n for you. They're not a fast 0:10:10.240 --> 0:10:12.679 moving body, you know, is what they are kind of. 0:10:12.800 --> 0:10:16.439 So at least they did this, thank you to Mr Pardo. 0:10:16.760 --> 0:10:19.640 By the way. Yes, and one of one of the 0:10:20.160 --> 0:10:23.760 it had several um provisions to it. One of the 0:10:23.800 --> 0:10:26.400 things that did was it it um codified the law 0:10:26.440 --> 0:10:29.599 of the sea, the territorial sea, well, the law of 0:10:29.640 --> 0:10:32.600 the see the original treaty, the original agreement that number one, 0:10:32.760 --> 0:10:37.600 the oceans really belonged to everybody. Um. It it um 0:10:37.679 --> 0:10:41.680 set up an international maritime tribunal for complaints and you know, 0:10:41.920 --> 0:10:45.960 um doling out revenge that kind of thing. Um. And uh, 0:10:46.080 --> 0:10:48.960 it also is that well also we finally get to 0:10:49.000 --> 0:10:53.200 that that mystery fact. You ready. It extended territorial waters 0:10:53.600 --> 0:10:57.880 from three miles to twelve nautical miles, which is thirteen 0:10:57.920 --> 0:11:01.199 point eight regular land miles, right, which are my favorite 0:11:01.240 --> 0:11:04.000 kind of miles. Don't even ask me how many kilometers 0:11:04.000 --> 0:11:07.280 that is because I'm an American. Um, So we don't 0:11:07.360 --> 0:11:09.079 we don't play that way. No, we don't we're the 0:11:09.120 --> 0:11:10.800 only people in the world who don't too. And I 0:11:10.840 --> 0:11:13.439 remember when I remember when I was in elementary school 0:11:13.480 --> 0:11:15.600 the metric system. You know, we had to study it 0:11:15.600 --> 0:11:18.280 because we're gonna go to the metric system very very soon. 0:11:18.679 --> 0:11:21.120 I think, Yeah, I remember that I was in the womb. Yeah, 0:11:21.280 --> 0:11:27.040 what a joke, So nice chuck by American. UM. One 0:11:27.040 --> 0:11:31.120 of the other things that it did was established exclusive 0:11:31.160 --> 0:11:34.360 economic zones. Right, you want to talk about these, yeah, 0:11:34.400 --> 0:11:39.640 eas s Basically, UM, if territory of waters extend our 0:11:39.720 --> 0:11:43.760 states laws to rights of defense, eases basically are our 0:11:43.840 --> 0:11:47.160 right to resources. Right, we're talking what we were just saying, 0:11:47.160 --> 0:11:49.760 fisheries oilll that kind of thing. And how far do 0:11:49.840 --> 0:11:53.920 they go? They go two hundred miles, so that's really substantial, 0:11:54.160 --> 0:11:57.040 right and and uh so basically it said, okay, you 0:11:57.080 --> 0:11:59.880 can have you can attack somebody if they come within 0:12:00.000 --> 0:12:03.720 twelve nautical miles of your shore. You can't attack anybody 0:12:03.760 --> 0:12:06.880 out there, but if there's somebody mining in your easy, 0:12:07.480 --> 0:12:09.520 you can come to the International Tribune and we'll doll 0:12:09.559 --> 0:12:14.079 out some revenge for you. Right. Um. So a lot 0:12:14.120 --> 0:12:18.319 of people already had basically what amounted to an easy 0:12:18.840 --> 0:12:22.760 and after the after the sea grab of n And 0:12:23.080 --> 0:12:26.959 basically they were using the continental slope as the as 0:12:27.000 --> 0:12:31.200 the boundary, right, because that's where there's a continental shelf 0:12:31.280 --> 0:12:33.960 that goes from shore to the continental slope. And this 0:12:34.000 --> 0:12:37.560 is a relatively shallow like six fifty feet or something, 0:12:37.760 --> 0:12:41.240 which doesn't sound shallow to me. But once it hits 0:12:41.320 --> 0:12:43.920 the slope, you're talking about it going miles down right. 0:12:44.000 --> 0:12:46.880 That's frightening to me, right, And I also I want 0:12:46.920 --> 0:12:50.280 to make a prediction here, Chuck. Once our technology to 0:12:50.360 --> 0:12:53.920 remove natural resources advances enough that we can get it 0:12:53.960 --> 0:12:56.680 out of the you know, areas in the continental slope, 0:12:56.960 --> 0:12:59.480 there will be yet another sea grab. They'll push it 0:12:59.480 --> 0:13:01.839 out even for there agreed at some point they may 0:13:02.120 --> 0:13:04.840 just push it out so far that they all connect. Well, 0:13:04.880 --> 0:13:06.440 you know that this is good? This is going on 0:13:06.559 --> 0:13:09.120 right now, is it? There is another sea grab going 0:13:09.160 --> 0:13:13.440 on around the Arctic circle thanks to our friend climate change, 0:13:13.800 --> 0:13:15.800 which I think we used to call it global warming, 0:13:15.840 --> 0:13:18.520 but they didn't pan out, right, Okay, So climate change 0:13:18.800 --> 0:13:21.680 is actually starting to melt the polar ice caps, and 0:13:21.920 --> 0:13:27.160 there's an estimated of what remains of the world's natural 0:13:27.240 --> 0:13:30.880 gas and oil reserves locked under that ice. The ice 0:13:30.920 --> 0:13:33.640 is starting to unlock, so all of a sudden, Canada, 0:13:33.760 --> 0:13:37.960 the US, Russia, Norway, I think, Sweden, Denmark, Denmark, they're 0:13:38.000 --> 0:13:43.200 all trying to claim um exclusive economic rights to those 0:13:43.880 --> 0:13:46.520 and there's basically a race going on, and we're everyone's 0:13:46.600 --> 0:13:50.319 using geology now they're they're kind of following the UN's convention. 0:13:50.400 --> 0:13:56.079 But uh, the polar Bear, Yeah, no, I mean that's 0:13:56.080 --> 0:13:58.400 not true. People do care, but they're disappearing because of 0:13:58.400 --> 0:14:01.360 the you know, the ice caps melt. It's sad. Yeah, 0:14:01.400 --> 0:14:03.600 they're not gonna have too many places to go very soon, 0:14:03.640 --> 0:14:06.120 I imagine. No, And it affects there. I was just 0:14:06.120 --> 0:14:08.480 writing about. This is why I brought it up. But 0:14:08.520 --> 0:14:11.000 it affects their migrating patterns and their ability to hunt 0:14:11.040 --> 0:14:13.560 because they hunt from you know, perched on the ice caps. 0:14:13.640 --> 0:14:15.800 They get the seals. Oh yeah, no ice, no hunting. 0:14:17.120 --> 0:14:19.720 The other thing to Josh we wanted to mention, or 0:14:19.760 --> 0:14:23.040 I wanted to mention, was straights. I love straights. They're 0:14:23.080 --> 0:14:25.480 my favorite body of water right, And it's tricky area 0:14:25.520 --> 0:14:29.720 because straits are usually um more narrow than the twelve 0:14:29.720 --> 0:14:32.680 mile territorial sea rule. So if you have straits that 0:14:32.720 --> 0:14:35.120 go between you know, like a five mile straight going 0:14:35.120 --> 0:14:39.480 between two countries. What do you do? Uh, you claim 0:14:39.520 --> 0:14:42.200 it as international water. That's the only fair thing to do. Yeah, 0:14:42.240 --> 0:14:45.880 And that was actually part of the custom and no sorry, 0:14:46.120 --> 0:14:50.840 the original right, Yeah, that was that the Convention on 0:14:50.880 --> 0:14:52.800 the Law of the Sea from the UN said, Yeah, 0:14:52.840 --> 0:14:57.120 we're gonna stick with that through Yeah, pretty cool, agreed, Chuck. 0:14:57.760 --> 0:15:01.720 So Chuck, you know you might be thinking at this point, Okay, 0:15:01.760 --> 0:15:04.040 this is all well and good for coastal nations, what 0:15:04.120 --> 0:15:08.120 about landlocked nations? What about Luxembourg? You know what, Luxembourg 0:15:08.400 --> 0:15:12.120 has every right to the international waters as you and 0:15:12.160 --> 0:15:14.840 I do. Yes, but how does that help them with oh, 0:15:14.880 --> 0:15:18.920 I don't know, things like shipping their landlocked right. Shouldn't 0:15:18.920 --> 0:15:22.320 they have some sort of access through their coastal neighbors 0:15:22.720 --> 0:15:27.080 territorial waters, unfettered, unmolested. I think so. And I bet 0:15:27.120 --> 0:15:28.920 you're about to tell me that they do. They do? 0:15:29.760 --> 0:15:32.240 They do? Um, that's uh. I believe that's part of 0:15:32.240 --> 0:15:34.800 the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. Um 0:15:34.920 --> 0:15:37.280 that you have to gain you have to allow them 0:15:37.320 --> 0:15:41.360 access through your territorial waters to the coast. Um if 0:15:41.400 --> 0:15:44.600 your coastal nation, uh, and you can't tax them, you 0:15:44.640 --> 0:15:47.960 can't levy tariffs. Basically, it's trying to make it fair. Right. 0:15:48.520 --> 0:15:52.880 The problem is is if you are a landlocked country, 0:15:53.280 --> 0:15:56.560 it sucks for you. There's all sorts of figures and 0:15:56.600 --> 0:16:00.960 statistics that basically show that, especially developing countries they're called UM, 0:16:01.000 --> 0:16:04.200 they're called l l d c's landlocked developing countries. They 0:16:04.240 --> 0:16:07.040 can't get a leg up because that's there's so many 0:16:07.080 --> 0:16:09.920 resources in the ocean that they can't get access to. Well, 0:16:09.960 --> 0:16:11.800 it's not just that you remember you said that that 0:16:12.160 --> 0:16:15.040 the U s has sixty three billion dollars made from 0:16:15.640 --> 0:16:21.440 uh just just aquatic maritime activities. Yeah, right, okay, that's 0:16:21.480 --> 0:16:25.080 just wages, right, not not not including economic stimulus of 0:16:25.120 --> 0:16:27.920 any kind. UM. But it's not just that people in 0:16:28.080 --> 0:16:31.560 landlock developing countries have a life expectancy of about three 0:16:31.560 --> 0:16:34.320 and a half years less on average than their coastal 0:16:34.360 --> 0:16:39.360 neighbors who are of the same developmental progress yep UM 0:16:39.440 --> 0:16:43.040 they have, they make about three times less salary on average, 0:16:43.880 --> 0:16:49.040 and UM their volume of trade is about sixty less 0:16:49.560 --> 0:16:51.880 than their their coastal neighbors. UM. And one of the 0:16:51.920 --> 0:16:55.080 examples I read about was UM the Central African Republic, 0:16:55.160 --> 0:16:58.920 which is a landlocked Western African nation. It costs thirteen 0:16:59.000 --> 0:17:02.360 thousand dollars to then a shipping container to that country, 0:17:02.520 --> 0:17:04.240 you know, the standard ones that go from like train 0:17:04.320 --> 0:17:07.679 to ship to whatever. To send it to the Ivory coast, 0:17:08.040 --> 0:17:12.440 which is their coastal neighbor. Right there, cost three thousand dollars. 0:17:12.480 --> 0:17:15.720 So as a result, landlocked Western African nations are making 0:17:15.760 --> 0:17:19.080 about twelve percent of what their coastal neighbors are and 0:17:19.200 --> 0:17:22.280 importing exporting revenues. Right. It's a shame, Josh, that these 0:17:22.359 --> 0:17:26.240 landlocked countries can't partner up with the coastal nations and 0:17:26.880 --> 0:17:28.400 you know, work out some kind of a trade deal, 0:17:28.440 --> 0:17:31.240 like maybe they have better land for growing acrop inland. 0:17:31.760 --> 0:17:35.080 And in the spirit of you know, global economy, you 0:17:35.119 --> 0:17:37.440 should be president of the world, Chuck. I think that's 0:17:37.440 --> 0:17:41.240 a fine idea. Um. I have another question, Josh. I 0:17:41.280 --> 0:17:43.800 was looking at you know, they've got some underwater hotels 0:17:43.800 --> 0:17:46.440 and now I'll be heard of these. Ah it rings 0:17:46.440 --> 0:17:48.840 a bell, but I think that maybe from a Simpsons episode. 0:17:49.080 --> 0:17:52.160 Now it's actually real. They have one in Dubai that's uh. 0:17:52.320 --> 0:17:56.679 I believe it's opening very soon called hydropolis. You know, 0:17:56.760 --> 0:17:58.760 Dubai does it all this crazy? I know they're They've 0:17:58.800 --> 0:18:01.600 got really great imagining. And there's another one off the 0:18:01.640 --> 0:18:03.680 coast of Fiji to set open next year called the 0:18:03.680 --> 0:18:07.480 Poseidon Undersea Resort. And these are big, big money. We're 0:18:07.480 --> 0:18:09.760 talking like fift hundred bucks a night for a room 0:18:10.000 --> 0:18:14.080 and think about the insurance. Uh. These are off the coast, 0:18:14.080 --> 0:18:17.679 so they're within the territorial area. But my question, and 0:18:17.760 --> 0:18:20.520 I don't have an answer, but my question is, these 0:18:20.520 --> 0:18:24.399 are private companies opening these things up, so technically they're 0:18:24.440 --> 0:18:28.280 on the land below the sea that belongs to that country. 0:18:28.320 --> 0:18:30.320 So I wonder if they had to work out a deal, 0:18:30.800 --> 0:18:33.480 like whoever opened up hydropolists had to work out a 0:18:33.480 --> 0:18:36.240 deal with the Dubai government. We want this little parcel 0:18:36.280 --> 0:18:39.000 of land under the water to build something to create 0:18:39.040 --> 0:18:40.960 a lot of revenue, and what kind of rent do 0:18:40.960 --> 0:18:43.440 we need to pay? Yeah, they probably have a lease, Um, 0:18:43.520 --> 0:18:46.960 like I guess an oil company would have for offshore drilling. Okay, 0:18:47.000 --> 0:18:49.480 I guess it makes sense. You know, it's probably very 0:18:49.560 --> 0:18:54.200 long and expensive. Interesting stuff. Yeah, Okay, one last thing 0:18:54.400 --> 0:18:57.240 I don't I think we would be remiss in getting 0:18:57.240 --> 0:18:59.760 out of this podcast. If we didn't name the five oceans, 0:18:59.800 --> 0:19:02.320 can you name a Chuck, it's not in the article. Well, Josh, 0:19:02.320 --> 0:19:06.440 technically it's all one big ocean because it's all connected. Yes, nice, 0:19:06.480 --> 0:19:09.200 try Chuck, you want to try naming the five os 0:19:09.240 --> 0:19:14.480 I probably can't do. This is embarrassing. I let's say, Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic. 0:19:14.920 --> 0:19:17.360 How many other five? And there's one more you've got? 0:19:17.400 --> 0:19:21.320 You got one more to go Arctic in um. Oh, 0:19:21.560 --> 0:19:25.440 like it's southern. Yes, it is the Southern Ocean. That's 0:19:25.440 --> 0:19:28.240 what's called. Yeah, who knew? Yeah, I had no idea. 0:19:28.359 --> 0:19:31.160 I thought there were only four. Oh wow, there's three 0:19:31.200 --> 0:19:34.280 continents though, right, well, well we all just soak in 0:19:34.600 --> 0:19:38.240 chuck shame. Um, we're going to uh it's a deep pool, 0:19:38.280 --> 0:19:40.520 my friends. I think we should go to listen to. 0:19:40.560 --> 0:19:42.280 Mail gets you out of this one next. So it's 0:19:42.320 --> 0:19:45.720 a great time for listening. So, Josh, this week, we 0:19:45.720 --> 0:19:48.080 have a couple of things. We have one I'm just 0:19:48.080 --> 0:19:51.520 gonna call correction coup. This is a correction with the 0:19:51.560 --> 0:19:53.440 high coup, which is oh nice that we love these. 0:19:53.840 --> 0:19:57.400 And then we have an exceptional listener, Mail Lee Santel 0:19:57.640 --> 0:20:00.280 or Santelli I'm not sure rot us in with the 0:20:00.320 --> 0:20:03.800 correction coup about just the one re released the other 0:20:03.880 --> 0:20:07.359 day about Niagara Falls, and you likend a rebreather or 0:20:07.400 --> 0:20:10.560 to scuba equipment. You probably knew you were wrong as 0:20:10.600 --> 0:20:12.320 soon as it came out of your mouth. No, I thought, 0:20:12.359 --> 0:20:16.000 that's the piece that goes in your mouth, No, Josh. Apparently, 0:20:16.040 --> 0:20:19.320 a scuba buoyancy control device or b c D exhales 0:20:19.400 --> 0:20:23.240 the same carbon dioxy dioxide that the user exhales, which 0:20:23.240 --> 0:20:27.480 bubbles to the surface. A rebreather recycles a portion that 0:20:27.560 --> 0:20:32.480 the user exhales, and the usable ox reusable oxygen is 0:20:32.800 --> 0:20:37.480 rebreathe So basically, um, with a rebreather, you have no bubbles, 0:20:38.000 --> 0:20:40.960 which is why the Navy seals exactly. And I think 0:20:41.000 --> 0:20:43.560 that's what I was referencing, was Navy seal scuba equipment, 0:20:43.600 --> 0:20:47.040 not you know, Joe schmob scuba. Of course in that case, 0:20:47.080 --> 0:20:50.480 you were right. And Lee, thanks for nothing, No, just kidding. 0:20:50.760 --> 0:20:52.960 Here's a high coup though that Lee put it verycist, 0:20:52.960 --> 0:20:57.400 simply swimming under blue passing fishes on the left, don't 0:20:57.440 --> 0:21:00.680 forget the air very important. Nice And we have one 0:21:00.680 --> 0:21:04.680 more which I fell exceptional fan mail from our friend. 0:21:04.800 --> 0:21:08.800 Chrissie is what she calls herself, Christina Cannon and Michigan 0:21:08.840 --> 0:21:12.080 and she's a student and her family. They sit around, 0:21:12.119 --> 0:21:15.040 let's to our podcast, which is it is so Cool Hello? 0:21:16.400 --> 0:21:19.119 And she wrote a little poem and oda how stuff Works. 0:21:19.440 --> 0:21:21.920 It goes a little something like this. I used to 0:21:21.960 --> 0:21:24.520 listen to cold Play on my daily walks to class, 0:21:24.600 --> 0:21:27.320 but those days were finished since the How Stuff Works 0:21:27.359 --> 0:21:30.120 podcasts shows are random and funny and make me laugh 0:21:30.119 --> 0:21:32.280 out loud a lot. For It's not every day I 0:21:32.359 --> 0:21:34.639 learned what is the best place to be shot on? 0:21:34.720 --> 0:21:37.479 Behalf of us college students? Thanks for telling us stuff 0:21:37.680 --> 0:21:40.040 we should know. I hope you guys have a great 0:21:40.040 --> 0:21:43.880 weekend and keep up the wonderful show. So in your face, Coldplay, 0:21:44.000 --> 0:21:47.760 I know. So thank you to Chrissie and uh the 0:21:47.760 --> 0:21:49.960 other one Lee. All right, thanks to both of you 0:21:50.000 --> 0:21:52.320 and everybody who writes in to let us know that 0:21:52.840 --> 0:21:55.640 we warm the cockles of your heart because you wore ours. 0:21:55.960 --> 0:21:57.720 And if you want to know more about who owns 0:21:57.760 --> 0:22:00.560 the ocean, you can type in whom is the ocean 0:22:00.600 --> 0:22:04.760 appropriately enough in the handy search bar of our beloved website. Also, 0:22:04.800 --> 0:22:08.280 I would recommend going to open democracy dot com and 0:22:08.359 --> 0:22:11.200 looking for an article called aiming for the Sea that 0:22:11.480 --> 0:22:14.800