1 00:00:00,280 --> 00:00:02,840 Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera. 2 00:00:03,160 --> 00:00:07,600 Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you welcome to Stuff you should know? 3 00:00:08,200 --> 00:00:12,400 Speaker 1: From House Stuff Works dot com? Are and welcome to 4 00:00:12,440 --> 00:00:17,360 Speaker 1: the podcast. I'm Josh. That's Chuck, Chuck, and we are 5 00:00:17,560 --> 00:00:20,040 Speaker 1: happy to be here. Agreed. That was a terrible Chuck 6 00:00:20,079 --> 00:00:22,680 Speaker 1: with a terrible point. You're the one that started. I know, 7 00:00:22,760 --> 00:00:25,840 Speaker 1: I'm just kidding. This is stuff you should know a 8 00:00:26,000 --> 00:00:30,320 Speaker 1: k a. The Happy Pirate Hour, right right, um, although 9 00:00:30,360 --> 00:00:34,720 Speaker 1: we're not pirates and they's never run an hour, but Chuck, 10 00:00:34,800 --> 00:00:38,360 Speaker 1: the reason I said argue is because I wanted to 11 00:00:38,360 --> 00:00:41,680 Speaker 1: know if you knew about these, uh, these pirates in Somalia. 12 00:00:41,800 --> 00:00:43,400 Speaker 1: Have you heard about this? I read a little bit 13 00:00:43,400 --> 00:00:45,680 Speaker 1: about that was the summer or was it in the fall? 14 00:00:45,880 --> 00:00:48,000 Speaker 1: Oh it's still going on, but yeah, this passing this 15 00:00:48,080 --> 00:00:50,720 Speaker 1: past summer and fall, they were at their peak. They 16 00:00:50,720 --> 00:00:53,400 Speaker 1: got they captured a hundred million dollars with the Saudi 17 00:00:53,479 --> 00:00:59,600 Speaker 1: Oil Um. They captured a cargo vessel with thirty Russian 18 00:00:59,640 --> 00:01:03,000 Speaker 1: tank on it. They've been making millions of dollars holding 19 00:01:03,000 --> 00:01:06,360 Speaker 1: these things for ransom. They're getting increasingly sophisticated. The British 20 00:01:06,440 --> 00:01:09,600 Speaker 1: Navy went head to head with um, like a small 21 00:01:09,640 --> 00:01:12,479 Speaker 1: fishing boat of ten of them. UM. And after they 22 00:01:12,480 --> 00:01:14,640 Speaker 1: finally captured these guys, they went on board. They were 23 00:01:14,640 --> 00:01:18,800 Speaker 1: assault rifles, rocket propelled grenade launchers. Like these guys are 24 00:01:18,959 --> 00:01:22,400 Speaker 1: there like modern day pirates. It's in a weird but 25 00:01:22,520 --> 00:01:24,880 Speaker 1: it's kind of cool. But at the same time, pirates, 26 00:01:24,880 --> 00:01:28,840 Speaker 1: you know, they should they should send Bill Murray. Did 27 00:01:28,880 --> 00:01:32,800 Speaker 1: you see The Life Aquatic? Yes, pirates, modern modern pirates 28 00:01:32,840 --> 00:01:35,480 Speaker 1: in that movie, and they had forgotten about that aspect. 29 00:01:35,720 --> 00:01:38,520 Speaker 1: That's what I picture actually really, yeah, but that's kind 30 00:01:38,520 --> 00:01:40,319 Speaker 1: of what they're like. You know. It's not the days 31 00:01:40,360 --> 00:01:43,080 Speaker 1: of the skull and crossbones and well no, not anymore. 32 00:01:43,080 --> 00:01:46,240 Speaker 1: There's very few peg legs aboard these ships, I imagine. 33 00:01:46,640 --> 00:01:50,960 Speaker 1: But actually Africa has long been a place for piracy. 34 00:01:51,040 --> 00:01:55,040 Speaker 1: I mean this goes back centuries. Actually red Beards. They 35 00:01:55,040 --> 00:01:59,760 Speaker 1: were actually two brothers, the brothers Barbarossa. They established piracy 36 00:01:59,760 --> 00:02:02,480 Speaker 1: and other in Africa. Um. They were Turks and they 37 00:02:02,480 --> 00:02:06,120 Speaker 1: were battling the Spanish Christians across the way, and there 38 00:02:06,160 --> 00:02:08,480 Speaker 1: was a lot of really evil deeds done to one 39 00:02:08,480 --> 00:02:11,200 Speaker 1: another from both sides. Actually, I'm a black Beard guy, 40 00:02:11,800 --> 00:02:16,560 Speaker 1: are you? He was didn't he various his his booty. 41 00:02:16,680 --> 00:02:20,320 Speaker 1: Uh in the outer banks? Uh, maybe not too far away. 42 00:02:20,480 --> 00:02:24,120 Speaker 1: I know that that Discovery Channel showed Treasure quest like 43 00:02:24,120 --> 00:02:26,480 Speaker 1: all these modern day treasure hunters they can it's gotten 44 00:02:26,560 --> 00:02:28,640 Speaker 1: much more sophisticated, and they're starting to find a lot 45 00:02:28,680 --> 00:02:33,840 Speaker 1: of these shipwrecks with tons of lute. So finding uh 46 00:02:34,680 --> 00:02:39,480 Speaker 1: old pirates is becoming as as sophisticated as modern pirates are. 47 00:02:40,400 --> 00:02:44,880 Speaker 1: You know the correlations, Yeah, although correlation is not causation, Chuck. 48 00:02:45,120 --> 00:02:48,799 Speaker 1: That's what I that's what I've learned. Okay, So these 49 00:02:48,840 --> 00:02:51,560 Speaker 1: pirates were really having it free and easy, um, and 50 00:02:51,600 --> 00:02:55,200 Speaker 1: they were being they were very successful. Um. And one 51 00:02:55,240 --> 00:02:59,280 Speaker 1: of the reasons why is because nobody wanted to capture 52 00:02:59,320 --> 00:03:01,639 Speaker 1: him because they didn't who would prosecute them? Well, right, 53 00:03:01,680 --> 00:03:05,079 Speaker 1: they're they're acting like they own the oceans. Well, the 54 00:03:05,200 --> 00:03:08,120 Speaker 1: number one, their country doesn't have a functioning central government 55 00:03:08,200 --> 00:03:11,680 Speaker 1: right now, it hasn't since the nineties, right, But number two, 56 00:03:12,120 --> 00:03:14,920 Speaker 1: as you said, and I'm so sorry to step all 57 00:03:14,919 --> 00:03:16,880 Speaker 1: over your segue because it's so good. Do you want 58 00:03:16,919 --> 00:03:19,320 Speaker 1: to say it again, Josh, they're acting as if they 59 00:03:19,360 --> 00:03:22,280 Speaker 1: own the oceans. You know what, Chuck? They do in 60 00:03:22,280 --> 00:03:24,919 Speaker 1: a sense, and so do you, So do you, Chuck, 61 00:03:25,240 --> 00:03:27,520 Speaker 1: and so do all of you out there in podcast land. 62 00:03:27,800 --> 00:03:30,960 Speaker 1: We all own the oceans. It is the heritage of 63 00:03:30,960 --> 00:03:33,480 Speaker 1: all mankind, as the UN puts it. We'll get to 64 00:03:33,520 --> 00:03:36,840 Speaker 1: that a little later. But yeah, So these Somali pirates 65 00:03:36,840 --> 00:03:40,640 Speaker 1: are being shuffled around from nation to nation. Kenya's prosecuting 66 00:03:40,640 --> 00:03:42,840 Speaker 1: a lot of them, but really it's not clear whether 67 00:03:42,880 --> 00:03:46,880 Speaker 1: that anybody has jurisdiction over them, right, um, But yeah, 68 00:03:46,960 --> 00:03:51,360 Speaker 1: so we all own the oceans, right and the waters 69 00:03:51,400 --> 00:03:53,840 Speaker 1: off of Somalia have been declared the High Seas, which 70 00:03:53,880 --> 00:03:58,200 Speaker 1: makes them international waters, which means everybody owns them. There 71 00:03:58,200 --> 00:04:02,560 Speaker 1: are portions of the ocean that bowl that not everyone owns, 72 00:04:02,680 --> 00:04:05,160 Speaker 1: right the right, So you want to talk a little 73 00:04:05,160 --> 00:04:07,240 Speaker 1: bit about the history. All of this is just so cryptic. 74 00:04:07,320 --> 00:04:09,080 Speaker 1: Let's really get down to the nuts and bolts here. 75 00:04:09,200 --> 00:04:11,640 Speaker 1: Sure they they figured this out over the course of 76 00:04:12,160 --> 00:04:14,680 Speaker 1: the past, what a couple of hundred years? Well, there 77 00:04:14,840 --> 00:04:18,239 Speaker 1: there have been treaties dating back to the ancient Romans. 78 00:04:18,920 --> 00:04:21,560 Speaker 1: Well yeah, but they were very localized in regional This 79 00:04:21,640 --> 00:04:24,080 Speaker 1: is like the oceans. But yeah, that's a couple of 80 00:04:24,120 --> 00:04:27,800 Speaker 1: hundred years. Yes, I guess the first one was the 81 00:04:27,800 --> 00:04:30,720 Speaker 1: Freedom of the Seas Doctrine a k a. The Law 82 00:04:31,120 --> 00:04:33,400 Speaker 1: of the sea right. Not to be confused with the 83 00:04:33,440 --> 00:04:37,120 Speaker 1: custom of the sea, which was basically protocol for cannibalism 84 00:04:37,200 --> 00:04:39,600 Speaker 1: during a shipwright and not to be confused with chicken 85 00:04:39,640 --> 00:04:42,440 Speaker 1: of the sea, which is which and not Yeah, it's 86 00:04:42,480 --> 00:04:45,480 Speaker 1: not chicken. Uh. Yeah. So the Freedom of the Seas 87 00:04:45,520 --> 00:04:47,520 Speaker 1: doctrine was kind of the first one, and basically that 88 00:04:47,600 --> 00:04:51,520 Speaker 1: granted exclusive rights, uh for a three mile buffer of 89 00:04:51,560 --> 00:04:55,520 Speaker 1: ocean that abutted your coastline. Right, And we still have those. 90 00:04:55,520 --> 00:04:58,680 Speaker 1: It's called territorial seas right, but it's expanded quite a 91 00:04:58,720 --> 00:05:02,400 Speaker 1: bit since it has UM. And but the the territorial 92 00:05:02,440 --> 00:05:05,480 Speaker 1: see whether it's a three miles or um. You know, 93 00:05:05,520 --> 00:05:07,640 Speaker 1: however many miles it is now, which will get too 94 00:05:07,680 --> 00:05:09,840 Speaker 1: later we don't want to ruin the surprise and how 95 00:05:09,960 --> 00:05:12,800 Speaker 1: how far off shore a territorial sea goes now, But 96 00:05:12,880 --> 00:05:16,360 Speaker 1: basically it's um. It's an extension of the sovereign soil 97 00:05:16,800 --> 00:05:20,400 Speaker 1: of a nation, a coastal nation. UM. So if a 98 00:05:20,440 --> 00:05:22,760 Speaker 1: ship sails into that and they're acting a little belligerent, 99 00:05:22,800 --> 00:05:24,840 Speaker 1: they want to shoot their cannons off or whatever, that's 100 00:05:24,839 --> 00:05:29,440 Speaker 1: an active war. It's it's tantamount to invading that nation soil, right, 101 00:05:29,600 --> 00:05:31,920 Speaker 1: And that actually got us into a couple of wars, right, 102 00:05:32,040 --> 00:05:34,320 Speaker 1: it did. We we took not the big one, that's 103 00:05:34,360 --> 00:05:36,880 Speaker 1: World War two, No, World War one, World War one. 104 00:05:36,920 --> 00:05:39,240 Speaker 1: War of eighteen twelve. World War one was the sinking 105 00:05:39,240 --> 00:05:42,159 Speaker 1: of the Lusitania UM. And one of the reasons that 106 00:05:42,240 --> 00:05:47,400 Speaker 1: drewis in is because an attack on another country's vessels 107 00:05:47,480 --> 00:05:51,400 Speaker 1: in international waters, which is everything outside of the um 108 00:05:52,000 --> 00:05:55,640 Speaker 1: the territorial waters, which is most of the ocean, right um, 109 00:05:55,720 --> 00:05:59,560 Speaker 1: that is an active war as well. So British the 110 00:05:59,600 --> 00:06:03,599 Speaker 1: British vessels capturing American sailors provoked the War of eighteen twelve, 111 00:06:04,120 --> 00:06:08,320 Speaker 1: and the Lusitania being sunk by the Germans is Germans um. 112 00:06:08,360 --> 00:06:10,839 Speaker 1: That was that was what caused World War one in 113 00:06:10,960 --> 00:06:15,039 Speaker 1: large part. After that, the United States, I love that 114 00:06:15,080 --> 00:06:16,719 Speaker 1: we were the ones that said, you know what, three 115 00:06:16,720 --> 00:06:19,880 Speaker 1: miles isn't gonna cut it. We want two hundred miles. 116 00:06:20,320 --> 00:06:23,279 Speaker 1: And in ninety five we just kind of declared that. So, yeah, 117 00:06:23,320 --> 00:06:25,320 Speaker 1: the Great Sea Grab of forty five I like to 118 00:06:25,320 --> 00:06:28,559 Speaker 1: call it, basically what happened um for three hundred years 119 00:06:28,960 --> 00:06:33,680 Speaker 1: the law of the sea. It was in uh unofficial agreement, 120 00:06:34,120 --> 00:06:36,120 Speaker 1: an unofficial treat So the fact that it lasted three 121 00:06:36,520 --> 00:06:40,239 Speaker 1: years is pretty significant. But by one of the reasons 122 00:06:40,279 --> 00:06:43,880 Speaker 1: that lasted so long is because we didn't have the 123 00:06:44,320 --> 00:06:48,000 Speaker 1: capabilities to draw things like oh, I don't know, oil, 124 00:06:48,360 --> 00:06:53,080 Speaker 1: natural gas, huge commercial fishing operations were up yet. Um. 125 00:06:53,120 --> 00:06:55,960 Speaker 1: But by the mid twentieth century we started to develop 126 00:06:56,000 --> 00:07:01,120 Speaker 1: these capabilities, and so under pressure from oil company these UM, 127 00:07:01,160 --> 00:07:05,000 Speaker 1: Truman actually just said, you know what, UM, I'm going 128 00:07:05,040 --> 00:07:09,600 Speaker 1: to unilaterally extend the US's territorial waters two hundred miles 129 00:07:09,720 --> 00:07:11,880 Speaker 1: from three miles to two d miles. I got a 130 00:07:11,920 --> 00:07:15,040 Speaker 1: stat for you, I want to hear it. Speaking of oil, Uh, 131 00:07:15,200 --> 00:07:18,480 Speaker 1: nineteen fifty four, we were only pulling out less than 132 00:07:18,520 --> 00:07:22,680 Speaker 1: one million tons of oil per year from the ocean, right, 133 00:07:22,720 --> 00:07:24,760 Speaker 1: from all the oceans combined. Right, that's right. And by 134 00:07:24,800 --> 00:07:26,840 Speaker 1: the end of the nineteen sixties, which you know nine 135 00:07:26,960 --> 00:07:30,800 Speaker 1: that that much further along, almost four hundred million tons 136 00:07:31,200 --> 00:07:34,440 Speaker 1: per year. Right, So these things had had increased in value. 137 00:07:34,560 --> 00:07:37,480 Speaker 1: Our sophistication and removing them from the bottom of the 138 00:07:37,480 --> 00:07:41,360 Speaker 1: sea had increased, right, Um, And all of a sudden, 139 00:07:41,360 --> 00:07:44,600 Speaker 1: instead of just some ships passing, you know, loaded with 140 00:07:44,640 --> 00:07:48,320 Speaker 1: cigarettes for going from one country to another. That this 141 00:07:48,400 --> 00:07:51,440 Speaker 1: was the sea became a really much a much busier 142 00:07:51,480 --> 00:07:54,240 Speaker 1: place because by that ton Yeah, that's because there's a 143 00:07:54,240 --> 00:07:56,200 Speaker 1: lot of money to be had, agreed. I have another 144 00:07:56,240 --> 00:07:59,040 Speaker 1: stat I want to hear. Uh. In two thousand four, 145 00:07:59,240 --> 00:08:02,120 Speaker 1: which was a short time ago, the United States alone 146 00:08:02,840 --> 00:08:07,040 Speaker 1: UH generated sixty three billion dollars worth of wages paid 147 00:08:07,040 --> 00:08:11,600 Speaker 1: out for oceanic activities. So in just one year in 148 00:08:11,680 --> 00:08:15,480 Speaker 1: just the United States. Absolutely wow. So let's say, okay, 149 00:08:15,520 --> 00:08:18,480 Speaker 1: so it is it's big business, right, big time. And uh, 150 00:08:18,560 --> 00:08:21,280 Speaker 1: I imagine that's probably worth even more now with with 151 00:08:22,000 --> 00:08:24,400 Speaker 1: I can't imagine how much oil we're drawing out now 152 00:08:24,680 --> 00:08:28,000 Speaker 1: four years later, it's probably yeah, a lot more so. Um. 153 00:08:28,120 --> 00:08:30,280 Speaker 1: So clearly everybody kind of wants as much of these 154 00:08:30,320 --> 00:08:34,320 Speaker 1: resources as they can get. Which was the two hundred 155 00:08:34,400 --> 00:08:38,360 Speaker 1: mile sea grab that the US kicked off, A whole 156 00:08:38,360 --> 00:08:41,680 Speaker 1: lot of other countries followed suit immediately. It was just 157 00:08:41,720 --> 00:08:44,520 Speaker 1: a mess. Right, well they're doing it, I want yeah, 158 00:08:44,760 --> 00:08:46,920 Speaker 1: so um and a lot of these overlapped you know 159 00:08:46,960 --> 00:08:49,319 Speaker 1: what I mean, Like, think of Cuba, because not two 160 00:08:49,360 --> 00:08:51,680 Speaker 1: hundred miles from the US. So there's all there's just 161 00:08:51,720 --> 00:08:53,920 Speaker 1: a big mess, lots of ramification. And because it was 162 00:08:53,960 --> 00:08:57,280 Speaker 1: an informal treaty, the Law of the Sea, UM, nobody 163 00:08:57,280 --> 00:09:00,959 Speaker 1: could say anything really right. Even worse now that we're 164 00:09:01,040 --> 00:09:04,760 Speaker 1: drawing all these resources out the in over fishing, in 165 00:09:04,920 --> 00:09:09,920 Speaker 1: commercial fisheries, UM, nobody wants. Everybody wants the resources, but 166 00:09:09,960 --> 00:09:13,080 Speaker 1: nobody wants the responsibility of taking care of the oceans, 167 00:09:13,200 --> 00:09:15,240 Speaker 1: right and over fishing is a huge problem right now. 168 00:09:15,280 --> 00:09:18,160 Speaker 1: So right sure, And and one of the reasons why 169 00:09:18,280 --> 00:09:22,520 Speaker 1: is because of that there weren't any um any you know, 170 00:09:22,840 --> 00:09:31,240 Speaker 1: I guess treaties with teeth in place until yeah, the 171 00:09:31,240 --> 00:09:34,559 Speaker 1: the Maltese ambassador of the U n one Arvid Pardo, 172 00:09:34,760 --> 00:09:37,680 Speaker 1: finally stood up and said, wait, we must do something 173 00:09:37,679 --> 00:09:41,360 Speaker 1: about this is out of hand. Everybody's going nuts. I'm 174 00:09:41,360 --> 00:09:45,480 Speaker 1: looking at you United States, UM. And he suggested that 175 00:09:45,520 --> 00:09:47,800 Speaker 1: they have a convention, and what came out of that 176 00:09:48,200 --> 00:09:50,719 Speaker 1: was the Convention of the Law of the Sea right 177 00:09:50,760 --> 00:09:52,520 Speaker 1: and makes a lot of you know, I can't believe 178 00:09:52,559 --> 00:09:55,640 Speaker 1: it took a that long to officially do this. Yeah 179 00:09:55,760 --> 00:09:58,400 Speaker 1: that he he said it in sixty seven. In the 180 00:09:58,480 --> 00:10:03,559 Speaker 1: convention UH was finally ratified in eighty two and then 181 00:10:03,640 --> 00:10:05,600 Speaker 1: didn't come into force until ninety four, So it took 182 00:10:05,600 --> 00:10:07,440 Speaker 1: that long just to get this thing. Well that's the 183 00:10:07,600 --> 00:10:10,199 Speaker 1: that's the u n for you. They're not a fast 184 00:10:10,240 --> 00:10:12,679 Speaker 1: moving body, you know, is what they are kind of. 185 00:10:12,800 --> 00:10:16,439 Speaker 1: So at least they did this, thank you to Mr Pardo. 186 00:10:16,760 --> 00:10:19,640 Speaker 1: By the way. Yes, and one of one of the 187 00:10:20,160 --> 00:10:23,760 Speaker 1: it had several um provisions to it. One of the 188 00:10:23,800 --> 00:10:26,400 Speaker 1: things that did was it it um codified the law 189 00:10:26,440 --> 00:10:29,599 Speaker 1: of the sea, the territorial sea, well, the law of 190 00:10:29,640 --> 00:10:32,600 Speaker 1: the see the original treaty, the original agreement that number one, 191 00:10:32,760 --> 00:10:37,600 Speaker 1: the oceans really belonged to everybody. Um. It it um 192 00:10:37,679 --> 00:10:41,680 Speaker 1: set up an international maritime tribunal for complaints and you know, 193 00:10:41,920 --> 00:10:45,960 Speaker 1: um doling out revenge that kind of thing. Um. And uh, 194 00:10:46,080 --> 00:10:48,960 Speaker 1: it also is that well also we finally get to 195 00:10:49,000 --> 00:10:53,200 Speaker 1: that that mystery fact. You ready. It extended territorial waters 196 00:10:53,600 --> 00:10:57,880 Speaker 1: from three miles to twelve nautical miles, which is thirteen 197 00:10:57,920 --> 00:11:01,199 Speaker 1: point eight regular land miles, right, which are my favorite 198 00:11:01,240 --> 00:11:04,000 Speaker 1: kind of miles. Don't even ask me how many kilometers 199 00:11:04,000 --> 00:11:07,280 Speaker 1: that is because I'm an American. Um, So we don't 200 00:11:07,360 --> 00:11:09,079 Speaker 1: we don't play that way. No, we don't we're the 201 00:11:09,120 --> 00:11:10,800 Speaker 1: only people in the world who don't too. And I 202 00:11:10,840 --> 00:11:13,439 Speaker 1: remember when I remember when I was in elementary school 203 00:11:13,480 --> 00:11:15,600 Speaker 1: the metric system. You know, we had to study it 204 00:11:15,600 --> 00:11:18,280 Speaker 1: because we're gonna go to the metric system very very soon. 205 00:11:18,679 --> 00:11:21,120 Speaker 1: I think, Yeah, I remember that I was in the womb. Yeah, 206 00:11:21,280 --> 00:11:27,040 Speaker 1: what a joke, So nice chuck by American. UM. One 207 00:11:27,040 --> 00:11:31,120 Speaker 1: of the other things that it did was established exclusive 208 00:11:31,160 --> 00:11:34,360 Speaker 1: economic zones. Right, you want to talk about these, yeah, 209 00:11:34,400 --> 00:11:39,640 Speaker 1: eas s Basically, UM, if territory of waters extend our 210 00:11:39,720 --> 00:11:43,760 Speaker 1: states laws to rights of defense, eases basically are our 211 00:11:43,840 --> 00:11:47,160 Speaker 1: right to resources. Right, we're talking what we were just saying, 212 00:11:47,160 --> 00:11:49,760 Speaker 1: fisheries oilll that kind of thing. And how far do 213 00:11:49,840 --> 00:11:53,920 Speaker 1: they go? They go two hundred miles, so that's really substantial, 214 00:11:54,160 --> 00:11:57,040 Speaker 1: right and and uh so basically it said, okay, you 215 00:11:57,080 --> 00:11:59,880 Speaker 1: can have you can attack somebody if they come within 216 00:12:00,000 --> 00:12:03,720 Speaker 1: twelve nautical miles of your shore. You can't attack anybody 217 00:12:03,760 --> 00:12:06,880 Speaker 1: out there, but if there's somebody mining in your easy, 218 00:12:07,480 --> 00:12:09,520 Speaker 1: you can come to the International Tribune and we'll doll 219 00:12:09,559 --> 00:12:14,079 Speaker 1: out some revenge for you. Right. Um. So a lot 220 00:12:14,120 --> 00:12:18,319 Speaker 1: of people already had basically what amounted to an easy 221 00:12:18,840 --> 00:12:22,760 Speaker 1: and after the after the sea grab of n And 222 00:12:23,080 --> 00:12:26,959 Speaker 1: basically they were using the continental slope as the as 223 00:12:27,000 --> 00:12:31,200 Speaker 1: the boundary, right, because that's where there's a continental shelf 224 00:12:31,280 --> 00:12:33,960 Speaker 1: that goes from shore to the continental slope. And this 225 00:12:34,000 --> 00:12:37,560 Speaker 1: is a relatively shallow like six fifty feet or something, 226 00:12:37,760 --> 00:12:41,240 Speaker 1: which doesn't sound shallow to me. But once it hits 227 00:12:41,320 --> 00:12:43,920 Speaker 1: the slope, you're talking about it going miles down right. 228 00:12:44,000 --> 00:12:46,880 Speaker 1: That's frightening to me, right, And I also I want 229 00:12:46,920 --> 00:12:50,280 Speaker 1: to make a prediction here, Chuck. Once our technology to 230 00:12:50,360 --> 00:12:53,920 Speaker 1: remove natural resources advances enough that we can get it 231 00:12:53,960 --> 00:12:56,680 Speaker 1: out of the you know, areas in the continental slope, 232 00:12:56,960 --> 00:12:59,480 Speaker 1: there will be yet another sea grab. They'll push it 233 00:12:59,480 --> 00:13:01,839 Speaker 1: out even for there agreed at some point they may 234 00:13:02,120 --> 00:13:04,840 Speaker 1: just push it out so far that they all connect. Well, 235 00:13:04,880 --> 00:13:06,440 Speaker 1: you know that this is good? This is going on 236 00:13:06,559 --> 00:13:09,120 Speaker 1: right now, is it? There is another sea grab going 237 00:13:09,160 --> 00:13:13,440 Speaker 1: on around the Arctic circle thanks to our friend climate change, 238 00:13:13,800 --> 00:13:15,800 Speaker 1: which I think we used to call it global warming, 239 00:13:15,840 --> 00:13:18,520 Speaker 1: but they didn't pan out, right, Okay, So climate change 240 00:13:18,800 --> 00:13:21,680 Speaker 1: is actually starting to melt the polar ice caps, and 241 00:13:21,920 --> 00:13:27,160 Speaker 1: there's an estimated of what remains of the world's natural 242 00:13:27,240 --> 00:13:30,880 Speaker 1: gas and oil reserves locked under that ice. The ice 243 00:13:30,920 --> 00:13:33,640 Speaker 1: is starting to unlock, so all of a sudden, Canada, 244 00:13:33,760 --> 00:13:37,960 Speaker 1: the US, Russia, Norway, I think, Sweden, Denmark, Denmark, they're 245 00:13:38,000 --> 00:13:43,200 Speaker 1: all trying to claim um exclusive economic rights to those 246 00:13:43,880 --> 00:13:46,520 Speaker 1: and there's basically a race going on, and we're everyone's 247 00:13:46,600 --> 00:13:50,319 Speaker 1: using geology now they're they're kind of following the UN's convention. 248 00:13:50,400 --> 00:13:56,079 Speaker 1: But uh, the polar Bear, Yeah, no, I mean that's 249 00:13:56,080 --> 00:13:58,400 Speaker 1: not true. People do care, but they're disappearing because of 250 00:13:58,400 --> 00:14:01,360 Speaker 1: the you know, the ice caps melt. It's sad. Yeah, 251 00:14:01,400 --> 00:14:03,600 Speaker 1: they're not gonna have too many places to go very soon, 252 00:14:03,640 --> 00:14:06,120 Speaker 1: I imagine. No, And it affects there. I was just 253 00:14:06,120 --> 00:14:08,480 Speaker 1: writing about. This is why I brought it up. But 254 00:14:08,520 --> 00:14:11,000 Speaker 1: it affects their migrating patterns and their ability to hunt 255 00:14:11,040 --> 00:14:13,560 Speaker 1: because they hunt from you know, perched on the ice caps. 256 00:14:13,640 --> 00:14:15,800 Speaker 1: They get the seals. Oh yeah, no ice, no hunting. 257 00:14:17,120 --> 00:14:19,720 Speaker 1: The other thing to Josh we wanted to mention, or 258 00:14:19,760 --> 00:14:23,040 Speaker 1: I wanted to mention, was straights. I love straights. They're 259 00:14:23,080 --> 00:14:25,480 Speaker 1: my favorite body of water right, And it's tricky area 260 00:14:25,520 --> 00:14:29,720 Speaker 1: because straits are usually um more narrow than the twelve 261 00:14:29,720 --> 00:14:32,680 Speaker 1: mile territorial sea rule. So if you have straits that 262 00:14:32,720 --> 00:14:35,120 Speaker 1: go between you know, like a five mile straight going 263 00:14:35,120 --> 00:14:39,480 Speaker 1: between two countries. What do you do? Uh, you claim 264 00:14:39,520 --> 00:14:42,200 Speaker 1: it as international water. That's the only fair thing to do. Yeah, 265 00:14:42,240 --> 00:14:45,880 Speaker 1: And that was actually part of the custom and no sorry, 266 00:14:46,120 --> 00:14:50,840 Speaker 1: the original right, Yeah, that was that the Convention on 267 00:14:50,880 --> 00:14:52,800 Speaker 1: the Law of the Sea from the UN said, Yeah, 268 00:14:52,840 --> 00:14:57,120 Speaker 1: we're gonna stick with that through Yeah, pretty cool, agreed, Chuck. 269 00:14:57,760 --> 00:15:01,720 Speaker 1: So Chuck, you know you might be thinking at this point, Okay, 270 00:15:01,760 --> 00:15:04,040 Speaker 1: this is all well and good for coastal nations, what 271 00:15:04,120 --> 00:15:08,120 Speaker 1: about landlocked nations? What about Luxembourg? You know what, Luxembourg 272 00:15:08,400 --> 00:15:12,120 Speaker 1: has every right to the international waters as you and 273 00:15:12,160 --> 00:15:14,840 Speaker 1: I do. Yes, but how does that help them with oh, 274 00:15:14,880 --> 00:15:18,920 Speaker 1: I don't know, things like shipping their landlocked right. Shouldn't 275 00:15:18,920 --> 00:15:22,320 Speaker 1: they have some sort of access through their coastal neighbors 276 00:15:22,720 --> 00:15:27,080 Speaker 1: territorial waters, unfettered, unmolested. I think so. And I bet 277 00:15:27,120 --> 00:15:28,920 Speaker 1: you're about to tell me that they do. They do? 278 00:15:29,760 --> 00:15:32,240 Speaker 1: They do? Um, that's uh. I believe that's part of 279 00:15:32,240 --> 00:15:34,800 Speaker 1: the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. Um 280 00:15:34,920 --> 00:15:37,280 Speaker 1: that you have to gain you have to allow them 281 00:15:37,320 --> 00:15:41,360 Speaker 1: access through your territorial waters to the coast. Um if 282 00:15:41,400 --> 00:15:44,600 Speaker 1: your coastal nation, uh, and you can't tax them, you 283 00:15:44,640 --> 00:15:47,960 Speaker 1: can't levy tariffs. Basically, it's trying to make it fair. Right. 284 00:15:48,520 --> 00:15:52,880 Speaker 1: The problem is is if you are a landlocked country, 285 00:15:53,280 --> 00:15:56,560 Speaker 1: it sucks for you. There's all sorts of figures and 286 00:15:56,600 --> 00:16:00,960 Speaker 1: statistics that basically show that, especially developing countries they're called UM, 287 00:16:01,000 --> 00:16:04,200 Speaker 1: they're called l l d c's landlocked developing countries. They 288 00:16:04,240 --> 00:16:07,040 Speaker 1: can't get a leg up because that's there's so many 289 00:16:07,080 --> 00:16:09,920 Speaker 1: resources in the ocean that they can't get access to. Well, 290 00:16:09,960 --> 00:16:11,800 Speaker 1: it's not just that you remember you said that that 291 00:16:12,160 --> 00:16:15,040 Speaker 1: the U s has sixty three billion dollars made from 292 00:16:15,640 --> 00:16:21,440 Speaker 1: uh just just aquatic maritime activities. Yeah, right, okay, that's 293 00:16:21,480 --> 00:16:25,080 Speaker 1: just wages, right, not not not including economic stimulus of 294 00:16:25,120 --> 00:16:27,920 Speaker 1: any kind. UM. But it's not just that people in 295 00:16:28,080 --> 00:16:31,560 Speaker 1: landlock developing countries have a life expectancy of about three 296 00:16:31,560 --> 00:16:34,320 Speaker 1: and a half years less on average than their coastal 297 00:16:34,360 --> 00:16:39,360 Speaker 1: neighbors who are of the same developmental progress yep UM 298 00:16:39,440 --> 00:16:43,040 Speaker 1: they have, they make about three times less salary on average, 299 00:16:43,880 --> 00:16:49,040 Speaker 1: and UM their volume of trade is about sixty less 300 00:16:49,560 --> 00:16:51,880 Speaker 1: than their their coastal neighbors. UM. And one of the 301 00:16:51,920 --> 00:16:55,080 Speaker 1: examples I read about was UM the Central African Republic, 302 00:16:55,160 --> 00:16:58,920 Speaker 1: which is a landlocked Western African nation. It costs thirteen 303 00:16:59,000 --> 00:17:02,360 Speaker 1: thousand dollars to then a shipping container to that country, 304 00:17:02,520 --> 00:17:04,240 Speaker 1: you know, the standard ones that go from like train 305 00:17:04,320 --> 00:17:07,679 Speaker 1: to ship to whatever. To send it to the Ivory coast, 306 00:17:08,040 --> 00:17:12,440 Speaker 1: which is their coastal neighbor. Right there, cost three thousand dollars. 307 00:17:12,480 --> 00:17:15,720 Speaker 1: So as a result, landlocked Western African nations are making 308 00:17:15,760 --> 00:17:19,080 Speaker 1: about twelve percent of what their coastal neighbors are and 309 00:17:19,200 --> 00:17:22,280 Speaker 1: importing exporting revenues. Right. It's a shame, Josh, that these 310 00:17:22,359 --> 00:17:26,240 Speaker 1: landlocked countries can't partner up with the coastal nations and 311 00:17:26,880 --> 00:17:28,400 Speaker 1: you know, work out some kind of a trade deal, 312 00:17:28,440 --> 00:17:31,240 Speaker 1: like maybe they have better land for growing acrop inland. 313 00:17:31,760 --> 00:17:35,080 Speaker 1: And in the spirit of you know, global economy, you 314 00:17:35,119 --> 00:17:37,440 Speaker 1: should be president of the world, Chuck. I think that's 315 00:17:37,440 --> 00:17:41,240 Speaker 1: a fine idea. Um. I have another question, Josh. I 316 00:17:41,280 --> 00:17:43,800 Speaker 1: was looking at you know, they've got some underwater hotels 317 00:17:43,800 --> 00:17:46,440 Speaker 1: and now I'll be heard of these. Ah it rings 318 00:17:46,440 --> 00:17:48,840 Speaker 1: a bell, but I think that maybe from a Simpsons episode. 319 00:17:49,080 --> 00:17:52,160 Speaker 1: Now it's actually real. They have one in Dubai that's uh. 320 00:17:52,320 --> 00:17:56,679 Speaker 1: I believe it's opening very soon called hydropolis. You know, 321 00:17:56,760 --> 00:17:58,760 Speaker 1: Dubai does it all this crazy? I know they're They've 322 00:17:58,800 --> 00:18:01,600 Speaker 1: got really great imagining. And there's another one off the 323 00:18:01,640 --> 00:18:03,680 Speaker 1: coast of Fiji to set open next year called the 324 00:18:03,680 --> 00:18:07,480 Speaker 1: Poseidon Undersea Resort. And these are big, big money. We're 325 00:18:07,480 --> 00:18:09,760 Speaker 1: talking like fift hundred bucks a night for a room 326 00:18:10,000 --> 00:18:14,080 Speaker 1: and think about the insurance. Uh. These are off the coast, 327 00:18:14,080 --> 00:18:17,679 Speaker 1: so they're within the territorial area. But my question, and 328 00:18:17,760 --> 00:18:20,520 Speaker 1: I don't have an answer, but my question is, these 329 00:18:20,520 --> 00:18:24,399 Speaker 1: are private companies opening these things up, so technically they're 330 00:18:24,440 --> 00:18:28,280 Speaker 1: on the land below the sea that belongs to that country. 331 00:18:28,320 --> 00:18:30,320 Speaker 1: So I wonder if they had to work out a deal, 332 00:18:30,800 --> 00:18:33,480 Speaker 1: like whoever opened up hydropolists had to work out a 333 00:18:33,480 --> 00:18:36,240 Speaker 1: deal with the Dubai government. We want this little parcel 334 00:18:36,280 --> 00:18:39,000 Speaker 1: of land under the water to build something to create 335 00:18:39,040 --> 00:18:40,960 Speaker 1: a lot of revenue, and what kind of rent do 336 00:18:40,960 --> 00:18:43,440 Speaker 1: we need to pay? Yeah, they probably have a lease, Um, 337 00:18:43,520 --> 00:18:46,960 Speaker 1: like I guess an oil company would have for offshore drilling. Okay, 338 00:18:47,000 --> 00:18:49,480 Speaker 1: I guess it makes sense. You know, it's probably very 339 00:18:49,560 --> 00:18:54,200 Speaker 1: long and expensive. Interesting stuff. Yeah, Okay, one last thing 340 00:18:54,400 --> 00:18:57,240 Speaker 1: I don't I think we would be remiss in getting 341 00:18:57,240 --> 00:18:59,760 Speaker 1: out of this podcast. If we didn't name the five oceans, 342 00:18:59,800 --> 00:19:02,320 Speaker 1: can you name a Chuck, it's not in the article. Well, Josh, 343 00:19:02,320 --> 00:19:06,440 Speaker 1: technically it's all one big ocean because it's all connected. Yes, nice, 344 00:19:06,480 --> 00:19:09,200 Speaker 1: try Chuck, you want to try naming the five os 345 00:19:09,240 --> 00:19:14,480 Speaker 1: I probably can't do. This is embarrassing. I let's say, Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic. 346 00:19:14,920 --> 00:19:17,360 Speaker 1: How many other five? And there's one more you've got? 347 00:19:17,400 --> 00:19:21,320 Speaker 1: You got one more to go Arctic in um. Oh, 348 00:19:21,560 --> 00:19:25,440 Speaker 1: like it's southern. Yes, it is the Southern Ocean. That's 349 00:19:25,440 --> 00:19:28,240 Speaker 1: what's called. Yeah, who knew? Yeah, I had no idea. 350 00:19:28,359 --> 00:19:31,160 Speaker 1: I thought there were only four. Oh wow, there's three 351 00:19:31,200 --> 00:19:34,280 Speaker 1: continents though, right, well, well we all just soak in 352 00:19:34,600 --> 00:19:38,240 Speaker 1: chuck shame. Um, we're going to uh it's a deep pool, 353 00:19:38,280 --> 00:19:40,520 Speaker 1: my friends. I think we should go to listen to. 354 00:19:40,560 --> 00:19:42,280 Speaker 1: Mail gets you out of this one next. So it's 355 00:19:42,320 --> 00:19:45,720 Speaker 1: a great time for listening. So, Josh, this week, we 356 00:19:45,720 --> 00:19:48,080 Speaker 1: have a couple of things. We have one I'm just 357 00:19:48,080 --> 00:19:51,520 Speaker 1: gonna call correction coup. This is a correction with the 358 00:19:51,560 --> 00:19:53,440 Speaker 1: high coup, which is oh nice that we love these. 359 00:19:53,840 --> 00:19:57,400 Speaker 1: And then we have an exceptional listener, Mail Lee Santel 360 00:19:57,640 --> 00:20:00,280 Speaker 1: or Santelli I'm not sure rot us in with the 361 00:20:00,320 --> 00:20:03,800 Speaker 1: correction coup about just the one re released the other 362 00:20:03,880 --> 00:20:07,359 Speaker 1: day about Niagara Falls, and you likend a rebreather or 363 00:20:07,400 --> 00:20:10,560 Speaker 1: to scuba equipment. You probably knew you were wrong as 364 00:20:10,600 --> 00:20:12,320 Speaker 1: soon as it came out of your mouth. No, I thought, 365 00:20:12,359 --> 00:20:16,000 Speaker 1: that's the piece that goes in your mouth, No, Josh. Apparently, 366 00:20:16,040 --> 00:20:19,320 Speaker 1: a scuba buoyancy control device or b c D exhales 367 00:20:19,400 --> 00:20:23,240 Speaker 1: the same carbon dioxy dioxide that the user exhales, which 368 00:20:23,240 --> 00:20:27,480 Speaker 1: bubbles to the surface. A rebreather recycles a portion that 369 00:20:27,560 --> 00:20:32,480 Speaker 1: the user exhales, and the usable ox reusable oxygen is 370 00:20:32,800 --> 00:20:37,480 Speaker 1: rebreathe So basically, um, with a rebreather, you have no bubbles, 371 00:20:38,000 --> 00:20:40,960 Speaker 1: which is why the Navy seals exactly. And I think 372 00:20:41,000 --> 00:20:43,560 Speaker 1: that's what I was referencing, was Navy seal scuba equipment, 373 00:20:43,600 --> 00:20:47,040 Speaker 1: not you know, Joe schmob scuba. Of course in that case, 374 00:20:47,080 --> 00:20:50,480 Speaker 1: you were right. And Lee, thanks for nothing, No, just kidding. 375 00:20:50,760 --> 00:20:52,960 Speaker 1: Here's a high coup though that Lee put it verycist, 376 00:20:52,960 --> 00:20:57,400 Speaker 1: simply swimming under blue passing fishes on the left, don't 377 00:20:57,440 --> 00:21:00,680 Speaker 1: forget the air very important. Nice And we have one 378 00:21:00,680 --> 00:21:04,680 Speaker 1: more which I fell exceptional fan mail from our friend. 379 00:21:04,800 --> 00:21:08,800 Speaker 1: Chrissie is what she calls herself, Christina Cannon and Michigan 380 00:21:08,840 --> 00:21:12,080 Speaker 1: and she's a student and her family. They sit around, 381 00:21:12,119 --> 00:21:15,040 Speaker 1: let's to our podcast, which is it is so Cool Hello? 382 00:21:16,400 --> 00:21:19,119 Speaker 1: And she wrote a little poem and oda how stuff Works. 383 00:21:19,440 --> 00:21:21,920 Speaker 1: It goes a little something like this. I used to 384 00:21:21,960 --> 00:21:24,520 Speaker 1: listen to cold Play on my daily walks to class, 385 00:21:24,600 --> 00:21:27,320 Speaker 1: but those days were finished since the How Stuff Works 386 00:21:27,359 --> 00:21:30,120 Speaker 1: podcasts shows are random and funny and make me laugh 387 00:21:30,119 --> 00:21:32,280 Speaker 1: out loud a lot. For It's not every day I 388 00:21:32,359 --> 00:21:34,639 Speaker 1: learned what is the best place to be shot on? 389 00:21:34,720 --> 00:21:37,479 Speaker 1: Behalf of us college students? Thanks for telling us stuff 390 00:21:37,680 --> 00:21:40,040 Speaker 1: we should know. I hope you guys have a great 391 00:21:40,040 --> 00:21:43,880 Speaker 1: weekend and keep up the wonderful show. So in your face, Coldplay, 392 00:21:44,000 --> 00:21:47,760 Speaker 1: I know. So thank you to Chrissie and uh the 393 00:21:47,760 --> 00:21:49,960 Speaker 1: other one Lee. All right, thanks to both of you 394 00:21:50,000 --> 00:21:52,320 Speaker 1: and everybody who writes in to let us know that 395 00:21:52,840 --> 00:21:55,640 Speaker 1: we warm the cockles of your heart because you wore ours. 396 00:21:55,960 --> 00:21:57,720 Speaker 1: And if you want to know more about who owns 397 00:21:57,760 --> 00:22:00,560 Speaker 1: the ocean, you can type in whom is the ocean 398 00:22:00,600 --> 00:22:04,760 Speaker 1: appropriately enough in the handy search bar of our beloved website. Also, 399 00:22:04,800 --> 00:22:08,280 Speaker 1: I would recommend going to open democracy dot com and 400 00:22:08,359 --> 00:22:11,200 Speaker 1: looking for an article called aiming for the Sea that 401 00:22:11,480 --> 00:22:14,800 Speaker 1: argues points about landlocked developing countries. And I took a 402 00:22:14,800 --> 00:22:17,920 Speaker 1: couple of stats from now Ashamed to admit right, and Uh. 403 00:22:18,040 --> 00:22:20,040 Speaker 1: We would also like to plug our blog, which is 404 00:22:20,240 --> 00:22:22,639 Speaker 1: do it Chuck should be now live on the website. 405 00:22:22,960 --> 00:22:25,200 Speaker 1: It's the stuff you Should Know blog. And we want 406 00:22:25,200 --> 00:22:27,280 Speaker 1: to invite our fans to interact with each other and 407 00:22:27,560 --> 00:22:30,080 Speaker 1: talk about things that we talk about. And you know, 408 00:22:30,119 --> 00:22:32,240 Speaker 1: it's a smart group of people out there, you guys. Yeah, 409 00:22:32,240 --> 00:22:34,080 Speaker 1: And you can actually access that through the house stuff 410 00:22:34,119 --> 00:22:36,880 Speaker 1: Works homepage. There's a there's a little portal through there 411 00:22:37,320 --> 00:22:39,359 Speaker 1: take you through time and space to me and Chuck 412 00:22:40,080 --> 00:22:42,200 Speaker 1: and Uh, if you want to send us an email, Wow, 413 00:22:42,400 --> 00:22:44,320 Speaker 1: this is a lot of information. If you want to 414 00:22:44,320 --> 00:22:46,840 Speaker 1: send us an email, you can send it to stuff 415 00:22:47,040 --> 00:22:53,480 Speaker 1: podcast at how stuff works dot com for more on 416 00:22:53,560 --> 00:22:56,000 Speaker 1: this and thousands of other topics. Is it how stuff 417 00:22:56,040 --> 00:23:01,639 Speaker 1: works dot com Brought to by the reinvented two thousand 418 00:23:01,640 --> 00:23:04,080 Speaker 1: twelve Camry. It's ready. Are you