WEBVTT - How the Magna Carta Worked 0:00:01.480 --> 0:00:04.280 Welcome to Stuff you should know a production of I 0:00:04.360 --> 0:00:13.480 Heart Radio. Hey, and welcome to the Perd Carst. I'm 0:00:13.560 --> 0:00:17.080 Josh Clark, and there's Charles w Chuck Bryant and Jerry's 0:00:17.160 --> 0:00:19.880 over there somewhere, and this is stuff you should know 0:00:20.680 --> 0:00:25.119 the perd Carst. Did I say that? I think so. 0:00:25.280 --> 0:00:31.639 You sounded like Kristen Wiggs target lady character. I'm not familiar. 0:00:32.120 --> 0:00:34.320 Welcome to the Paired Coast. Oh no, way, that's a 0:00:34.320 --> 0:00:37.479 different character. What character was that? I think that was 0:00:37.600 --> 0:00:43.440 Mike Meyer's Scottish guy. No, not that jerk. I don't 0:00:43.520 --> 0:00:47.239 know who then, Oh, I'm blanking. People are screaming at 0:00:47.240 --> 0:00:50.600 their radio. Is that well known of a character? There 0:00:50.640 --> 0:00:54.400 a m FM radio just to listen to. How is 0:00:54.440 --> 0:00:57.200 this coming through? It's like when a fifty year old podcasts. 0:00:57.640 --> 0:01:00.920 M h, it's true, a fifty year of this podcasting 0:01:01.000 --> 0:01:04.200 before very ears. Right now. That's right, that's me. He 0:01:04.319 --> 0:01:07.800 can't the age me. Martin Scorsese running circles around the 0:01:07.880 --> 0:01:14.679 younger ones. Chuck, um, so, Chuck. Have you ever seen 0:01:14.760 --> 0:01:18.520 the Simpsons? Oh boy, you got one for me. Did 0:01:18.520 --> 0:01:20.720 you ever see the one about the murder House where 0:01:20.760 --> 0:01:27.720 Marge becomes a real tour You mean a certified real tour. Yes, 0:01:27.760 --> 0:01:32.200 of course, what are the kind of I don't know, 0:01:32.280 --> 0:01:35.640 remind me. Oh so anyway, Marge becomes a real tour 0:01:36.280 --> 0:01:39.680 and she uh, I think with Lionel Huts is realty 0:01:39.720 --> 0:01:43.200 company and it's like a kind of like a Glen 0:01:43.200 --> 0:01:47.039 Garry Glenn Ross spoof is like that that little uh subplot. 0:01:47.120 --> 0:01:52.320 But um, she she uh tries to sell a house 0:01:52.400 --> 0:01:55.720 that like a multiple murder was committed in uh to 0:01:56.320 --> 0:01:58.920 Flanders and his family back when Maud was still alive. 0:01:59.520 --> 0:02:02.760 And she does and tell them it's a murder house, um, 0:02:02.920 --> 0:02:05.240 and feels like a tremendous amount of guilt and then 0:02:05.280 --> 0:02:08.640 finally like confesses and I don't think they end up 0:02:08.639 --> 0:02:11.000 buying the house anyway, I don't remember, but it's a 0:02:11.000 --> 0:02:13.560 pretty good one that has almost nothing to do with anything. 0:02:13.600 --> 0:02:16.280 I could have just stopped right there where Marge became 0:02:16.320 --> 0:02:20.080 a real tour because she's taking the realty test and 0:02:20.320 --> 0:02:23.839 um Lisa comes along and teaches her how to how 0:02:23.880 --> 0:02:28.360 to remember things using mnemonic devices and in um. In 0:02:28.520 --> 0:02:32.120 one example she gives, she says, and you can put 0:02:32.480 --> 0:02:34.639 like something you're trying to remember to a song like 0:02:34.760 --> 0:02:39.080 in twelve fifteen running me Doude dudea, the nobles and 0:02:39.160 --> 0:02:43.560 the king agreed, Oh do do da day? That's great. 0:02:43.840 --> 0:02:46.800 That is one of my go to references for the 0:02:46.840 --> 0:02:50.760 Magna Carta. You know what mine is? Funny enough, man, 0:02:50.840 --> 0:02:53.400 that was a tortured intro. No. I thought it was 0:02:53.440 --> 0:02:58.679 great Simpsons reference is what it was. I thought it 0:02:58.720 --> 0:03:01.200 was fantastical. Thank you. And I've never heard that. I 0:03:01.200 --> 0:03:03.600 don't remember that episode and I've never heard that little jingle, 0:03:03.680 --> 0:03:08.680 so vintage classic Simpsons. When I think of Magna Carta, 0:03:08.720 --> 0:03:13.320 I think of Johnny Dangerously the movie with Michael Keaton, 0:03:13.600 --> 0:03:17.520 the very funny spoof movie, because at one point I 0:03:17.600 --> 0:03:20.359 think the someone is on death row and they're being 0:03:20.560 --> 0:03:23.640 read fake last rites by a fake priest as they 0:03:23.680 --> 0:03:27.360 walk down the Green Mile and they're just sort of 0:03:27.360 --> 0:03:31.440 making up Latin terms and he goes Magna carta master chargea. 0:03:32.639 --> 0:03:34.680 And I saw that in the theater when I was whatever, 0:03:34.760 --> 0:03:37.920 like ten or eleven, and I've remembered that ever since. 0:03:38.520 --> 0:03:41.240 It gets in your name and your your head, those 0:03:41.240 --> 0:03:45.040 two words they go really well together. They have a 0:03:45.040 --> 0:03:48.640 tendency to stick around. And then also like you get 0:03:48.680 --> 0:03:51.080 the idea when you when you kind of like Percy 0:03:51.160 --> 0:03:54.200 little ears up about this magnet carda thing that it 0:03:54.240 --> 0:03:57.400 was kind of pretty important. People people tend to put 0:03:57.440 --> 0:04:01.320 a lot of stock into it. Yeah, Uh, she's and know, 0:04:01.440 --> 0:04:03.680 and I'm looking and I can't even see what Magna 0:04:03.720 --> 0:04:07.840 carta what does it mean? Great Charter? The Great Charter 0:04:08.000 --> 0:04:12.440 of course. Yeah. And technically the name of the Magna 0:04:12.560 --> 0:04:15.280 Carta what we're talking about. We'll get into all like 0:04:15.360 --> 0:04:18.360 the little details and everything in a second, but um, 0:04:18.440 --> 0:04:22.760 it's called the Magna Carta Libertarium. So it's the Great 0:04:22.839 --> 0:04:25.880 Charter of Liberties, is what it really is. And a 0:04:25.920 --> 0:04:27.279 lot of people, like I was saying, they put a 0:04:27.279 --> 0:04:29.240 lot of stock into they basically say, you say that 0:04:29.279 --> 0:04:31.840 this is the well spring, at least in the UK 0:04:32.600 --> 0:04:36.640 and America and I and by extension Australia and Canada 0:04:37.279 --> 0:04:40.880 of human rights, of like civil rights, of the basic 0:04:41.040 --> 0:04:43.640 rights that every citizen has, that like that all kind 0:04:43.640 --> 0:04:47.040 of came from this document, and that before that there 0:04:47.080 --> 0:04:49.719 really wasn't that kind of stuff. And you have to 0:04:49.960 --> 0:04:52.880 really narrow your focus here because in this time period 0:04:52.920 --> 0:04:57.640 we're talking about around them, like twelve and thirteenth centuries CE, 0:04:58.240 --> 0:05:01.360 like England was still kind of figuring out which way 0:05:01.360 --> 0:05:04.360 it was going. At the same time, if you went 0:05:04.400 --> 0:05:07.040 to the Arab world, you would find half a million 0:05:07.040 --> 0:05:09.080 people living in some cities. Well, there was like ten 0:05:09.080 --> 0:05:12.560 thousand people living in London. If you went to the 0:05:12.600 --> 0:05:17.240 west to modern day St. Louis, the Cahokia Mound civilization 0:05:17.800 --> 0:05:21.080 had like fifteen thousand people living there. China had been 0:05:21.160 --> 0:05:24.279 running a bureaucracy for a good thousand years by this time. 0:05:24.560 --> 0:05:28.000 So this is new to England and the English, and 0:05:28.120 --> 0:05:32.800 there their descendants and ancestors around this this time, this era. 0:05:33.320 --> 0:05:35.680 But if you narrow it like that, then yeah, you 0:05:35.720 --> 0:05:37.960 can make a pretty good case that for you and 0:05:38.040 --> 0:05:41.640 me and those of us born in America, you can 0:05:41.760 --> 0:05:46.960 trace your civil liberties pretty directly back to this document. Yeah, 0:05:47.040 --> 0:05:49.760 And like even if the document itself as well learn 0:05:51.360 --> 0:05:57.440 uh wasn't necessarily honored initially or even later. Um, it 0:05:57.480 --> 0:06:00.960 was it was that seed that was planted that it 0:06:01.080 --> 0:06:03.920 had to be at least uh, and we'll and we'll 0:06:03.960 --> 0:06:06.200 see later on. You know it once it was in place, 0:06:06.680 --> 0:06:09.680 you kind of couldn't go backwards from there, even though 0:06:09.880 --> 0:06:13.919 some people did try later on, some royalty. It just 0:06:13.960 --> 0:06:16.640 didn't happen. So it's sort of drew a line in 0:06:16.680 --> 0:06:18.640 the sand and said, all right, from this point forward, 0:06:18.680 --> 0:06:24.440 at least things for people, any people other than not 0:06:24.520 --> 0:06:28.680 every person, but people other than royalty at least won't 0:06:28.760 --> 0:06:31.600 won't go backwards from here. No, And like you said, 0:06:31.600 --> 0:06:35.160 they tried it. Definitely wanted to. But when you lay 0:06:35.200 --> 0:06:39.560 down something like people have rights that are basic to 0:06:39.640 --> 0:06:43.039 them from the moment they're born, that's a tough one 0:06:43.080 --> 0:06:46.040 to repeal, you know what I'm saying. Once that's out there, 0:06:46.080 --> 0:06:48.040 that's that's tough to put it back in the box. 0:06:48.040 --> 0:06:53.120 And good, it's good for us, bad for despotic absolutist monarchs. Though. 0:06:54.320 --> 0:06:57.039 So should we get into a little background here, Yeah, 0:06:57.040 --> 0:06:58.960 I think we should because we got we got some 0:06:58.960 --> 0:07:03.200 ground to cover. Yeah, so, uh, the Grabster helped us 0:07:03.200 --> 0:07:04.719 with this, and you could. I love it. You know, 0:07:04.760 --> 0:07:08.360 you can tell when, uh, when our writers are really 0:07:08.400 --> 0:07:12.760 into something by sort of how much background they give 0:07:12.840 --> 0:07:15.040 us on stuff before they get to this stuff. I 0:07:15.040 --> 0:07:16.960 think that I think that was into it. I think 0:07:16.960 --> 0:07:20.200 he was wearing chainmail while he was writing them. He 0:07:20.320 --> 0:07:21.920 may have been, but it did a great job with 0:07:21.920 --> 0:07:25.360 a setup. And you know, we we have to point 0:07:25.360 --> 0:07:27.679 out that this was a time, like you said, where 0:07:28.640 --> 0:07:32.600 there was a king that ruled the land and everyone 0:07:32.840 --> 0:07:35.560 had to do what the king said basically. And then 0:07:35.600 --> 0:07:38.640 you had uh, you know, you had people that ruled 0:07:38.680 --> 0:07:42.720 over smaller fiefdoms throughout the land, but they still answered 0:07:42.720 --> 0:07:45.360 to the king. But they had their subjects as well. 0:07:46.120 --> 0:07:47.720 But it was it was a bit of a mess. 0:07:47.800 --> 0:07:49.520 Like even though the king could kind of do what 0:07:49.560 --> 0:07:53.960 they wanted, the king usually knew like, hey, I can't 0:07:54.000 --> 0:07:57.280 push things too far otherwise it gets really bad for me. 0:07:58.120 --> 0:07:59.880 So let me see if I can walk right up 0:07:59.880 --> 0:08:02.800 to that line as often as I can in many 0:08:02.840 --> 0:08:05.760 cases as far as royalty is concerned, and sort of 0:08:05.800 --> 0:08:08.880 push things as far as like you know, ringing money 0:08:08.880 --> 0:08:12.600 out of people, uh for bribes or or quote unquote 0:08:12.640 --> 0:08:16.160 taxes or uh, you know, try and just ruling with 0:08:16.200 --> 0:08:20.040 a harsh hand, but not necessarily a hand that will 0:08:20.240 --> 0:08:23.080 be so bad that the people revolt. Yeah, that was 0:08:23.120 --> 0:08:26.000 a fine line. And so some kings in the history 0:08:26.040 --> 0:08:30.120 of England, we're really good at being kings. I get 0:08:30.120 --> 0:08:33.560 the impression that the more land you conquered in the 0:08:33.640 --> 0:08:37.679 name of England, the more people you brought under your rule, Um, 0:08:37.760 --> 0:08:41.000 the happier you could keep, the like the barons, the 0:08:41.040 --> 0:08:44.880 people who um own the land that that, you know, 0:08:45.040 --> 0:08:48.520 kind of all collectively made up your kingdom, the better 0:08:48.559 --> 0:08:51.520 off you were. But yeah, you still were going to 0:08:51.600 --> 0:08:53.560 need money to run things, so you're gonna have to 0:08:53.559 --> 0:08:55.600 extract that stuff. So you had to just push it 0:08:55.640 --> 0:08:57.960 just as far as you could. That was a good king. 0:08:58.400 --> 0:09:01.679 There were also plenty of bad kings who would go 0:09:02.080 --> 0:09:06.120 way past the line, and they were they they could 0:09:06.520 --> 0:09:10.000 be allowed to do that because in England, kings were 0:09:10.640 --> 0:09:16.199 divinely decreed by God. Their authority was derived directly from God. 0:09:16.720 --> 0:09:20.240 So whatever they did, no matter how unhappy that made you, 0:09:21.040 --> 0:09:24.079 God said it, So this king is allowed to do it. 0:09:24.840 --> 0:09:28.000 In practice, that didn't actually like work out all the time, 0:09:28.040 --> 0:09:29.720 Like it's not like the barons were like what are 0:09:29.720 --> 0:09:34.560 you gonna do? God? God said? But they there was 0:09:34.640 --> 0:09:37.080 still kind of that air that or around it. And 0:09:37.160 --> 0:09:39.160 at the very least, even if you didn't buy into 0:09:39.200 --> 0:09:41.520 that directly, that was the custom and had been for 0:09:41.559 --> 0:09:43.480 a really long time, and that's hard to buck. So 0:09:43.520 --> 0:09:46.520 you had good kings who still went up the line. 0:09:46.679 --> 0:09:49.199 You have bad kings who crossed the line, and when 0:09:49.200 --> 0:09:52.439 you put it all together, more often than not, that 0:09:52.520 --> 0:09:56.840 line was being really kind of made to feel claustrophobic, 0:09:57.120 --> 0:09:59.520 and so the barons would be unhappy. And they were 0:09:59.559 --> 0:10:02.079 the ones the power. So if you push the barons 0:10:02.160 --> 0:10:04.720 too far, they would push back, and then you would 0:10:04.800 --> 0:10:08.439 end up with things like written laws and customs and 0:10:08.480 --> 0:10:12.760 decrees that said the king won't do this anymore, right. Uh. 0:10:12.800 --> 0:10:15.839 And there's also a third group in there of kings 0:10:15.840 --> 0:10:19.160 that just weren't very good at their job. Like I 0:10:19.200 --> 0:10:24.320 think history often like they often overlook sheer incompetence in 0:10:24.400 --> 0:10:26.880 favor of you know, like this person did all these 0:10:26.920 --> 0:10:30.040 great things, or this person was an evil tyrant, and 0:10:30.080 --> 0:10:32.320 like some of them just weren't too good at it. Yeah, 0:10:32.360 --> 0:10:35.920 the they like the day to day the Franklin pierces 0:10:35.960 --> 0:10:41.280 of the English king Lin. Uh. So we'll skip up 0:10:41.320 --> 0:10:46.360 to Henry the first uh alevend created the Charter of Liberties. 0:10:47.000 --> 0:10:49.240 And this was sort of if the Magna Carta was 0:10:49.320 --> 0:10:53.840 the seed of liberty for people like you and me, later, 0:10:54.400 --> 0:10:57.640 the Charter of Liberties may have been the precede to 0:10:57.720 --> 0:11:00.680 that seed in a way, because it is the first 0:11:01.440 --> 0:11:05.160 kind of official thing that limited the king's power just 0:11:05.240 --> 0:11:07.960 a bit. Uh, And in this case there were other things, 0:11:07.960 --> 0:11:11.640 but it did limit the king's power to appoint church offices. 0:11:12.600 --> 0:11:17.880 Um guaranteed that any like inheritances would be carried forth, 0:11:18.400 --> 0:11:21.679 and there were no bribes necessary. So just sort of 0:11:22.360 --> 0:11:25.240 like cleaned up the act of the royals in this 0:11:25.559 --> 0:11:28.760 sort of smallest ways. Yeah, because before it was like 0:11:28.840 --> 0:11:31.120 you could, if you were the king, could be like, yeah, 0:11:31.240 --> 0:11:33.560 I don't care, give me some money if you want 0:11:33.600 --> 0:11:36.720 to be legally married, or give me some money if 0:11:36.800 --> 0:11:41.120 you um wanted to be promoted in your church ranking, 0:11:41.360 --> 0:11:43.880 Like you could just extract money for anything. And so 0:11:43.920 --> 0:11:46.000 this is the first time where it was kind of like, okay, 0:11:46.440 --> 0:11:48.439 we'll go we we won't do that, we won't keep 0:11:48.480 --> 0:11:50.559 pushing things like you were saying. Like it just kind 0:11:50.559 --> 0:11:54.000 of cleaned up the monarchy and limited their ability and 0:11:54.040 --> 0:11:57.120 it was kind of a big thing. And again that 0:11:57.200 --> 0:12:02.520 came out of a bad king. That was Henry, who 0:12:02.760 --> 0:12:05.559 had to clean up the mess left by his successor 0:12:05.679 --> 0:12:08.520 or his predecessor, William the Second, his brother, who had 0:12:08.559 --> 0:12:11.920 been a bad king, had overtaxed, had overstepped the boundaries 0:12:12.040 --> 0:12:14.680 and now there had to be some sort of document 0:12:14.720 --> 0:12:17.360 created to say we won't do that again. This is 0:12:17.400 --> 0:12:21.520 where laws came from in England, like people overstepping bounds 0:12:21.559 --> 0:12:24.720 and being pushed back on right or the king just 0:12:24.840 --> 0:12:31.439 arbitrarily deciding things. So Henry one dies, uh, succeeded by 0:12:31.559 --> 0:12:34.800 Stephen the First. And this one was a little dicey 0:12:34.880 --> 0:12:39.640 because Stephen the first ascension to the throne was contested 0:12:39.679 --> 0:12:43.800 and resulted in a civil war called the anarchy. Uh. 0:12:43.800 --> 0:12:46.400 And the anarchy was was a mess. It was a 0:12:46.400 --> 0:12:50.960 pretty brutal, lawless time. And um, Stephen I think he 0:12:51.040 --> 0:12:54.640 wasn't around too long, but he was quickly followed by 0:12:54.679 --> 0:12:58.800 Henry the Second, who ruled for about thirty five years 0:12:59.360 --> 0:13:01.920 I think right at thirty five years. And this was 0:13:01.960 --> 0:13:04.600 at the end of the anarchy. But Henry the Second 0:13:04.640 --> 0:13:08.640 comes in and basically says, all right, the royals are back, baby, 0:13:08.920 --> 0:13:11.680 and there are gonna be a bunch of reforms here. 0:13:11.920 --> 0:13:14.320 We're gonna centralize our power. Things have gotten out of 0:13:14.360 --> 0:13:18.480 hand with his anarchy and uh, it's all under my 0:13:18.679 --> 0:13:22.880 control now. Um. And in a way this was it 0:13:22.920 --> 0:13:25.400 was good and bad. It's it's never great when someone 0:13:25.440 --> 0:13:29.280 assumes his absolute authority. But it's also better just to 0:13:29.360 --> 0:13:33.079 have a more structured, codified system than all these weird 0:13:33.200 --> 0:13:35.400 arbitrary laws that were kind of all over the place 0:13:35.400 --> 0:13:39.120 and scattered about before exactly. Yeah. So, and one of 0:13:39.120 --> 0:13:41.080 the reasons why Henry the second did that is because 0:13:41.120 --> 0:13:45.480 he was very much into adventurism. He would he would 0:13:45.520 --> 0:13:48.280 go out of England and try to conquer more lands 0:13:48.320 --> 0:13:52.160 and that was his big thing. Parasailing, that was his thing. Yeah, 0:13:52.600 --> 0:13:57.000 So he needed he needed some basically some some structure 0:13:57.520 --> 0:13:59.719 that he could set in place that didn't require him 0:13:59.720 --> 0:14:02.240 to be there all the time to oversee it. And 0:14:02.320 --> 0:14:05.840 some of that like actually kind of benefited people, um 0:14:05.880 --> 0:14:08.720 in part because like you said, it was it wasn't 0:14:08.840 --> 0:14:11.920 arbitrary anymore. And there were like some real reforms, like 0:14:11.920 --> 0:14:13.960 he set up a panel of judges that would go 0:14:14.000 --> 0:14:17.560 around and and basically carry out criminal trials. Rather than 0:14:17.640 --> 0:14:21.080 just people getting away with crimes or maybe being subject 0:14:21.080 --> 0:14:23.320 to mob justice, they were trying to apply some sort 0:14:23.320 --> 0:14:27.320 of actual justice to it. Um. Uh. You could now 0:14:27.600 --> 0:14:30.840 if you were a surf or a peasant, you could 0:14:30.840 --> 0:14:34.480 complain to the king and go over the lord of 0:14:34.560 --> 0:14:37.360 the manner that you worked on his head if he 0:14:37.440 --> 0:14:39.920 was mistreating you like that was brand new. And so 0:14:40.120 --> 0:14:42.000 there was like some good things that were set in 0:14:42.000 --> 0:14:44.720 place by Henry the Second. He wasn't like some benevolent 0:14:44.800 --> 0:14:47.320 guy or anything like that, but he he did leave 0:14:47.360 --> 0:14:49.440 that legacy and it was a it was a big deal. 0:14:49.480 --> 0:14:53.400 A lot of people point to his code as the 0:14:53.400 --> 0:14:57.120 beginning of English common law. Yeah, he was. He was 0:14:57.160 --> 0:14:59.120 not a great guy. He was in fact a pretty 0:14:59.160 --> 0:15:03.440 brutal uh person on the battlefield, and he would brutal leader, 0:15:03.480 --> 0:15:05.560 he would, and he and he did a good job 0:15:05.760 --> 0:15:07.760 leading on the battlefield, and he loved going to war. 0:15:08.320 --> 0:15:11.960 But he would cut the feet off or the um 0:15:12.200 --> 0:15:16.040 genitals from his enemies. Uh. He would you know, lock 0:15:16.120 --> 0:15:18.800 people in the dungeons. He was known supposedly for gouging 0:15:18.840 --> 0:15:21.600 out the eyes of a young messenger boy one time 0:15:21.640 --> 0:15:25.160 who delivered bad news. Uh. So he wasn't some great guy. 0:15:25.280 --> 0:15:28.680 And he was also like he had to finance all 0:15:28.720 --> 0:15:32.160 of these travails in wars all over the place, and 0:15:32.200 --> 0:15:34.440 that cost a lot of money. So a lot of 0:15:34.480 --> 0:15:36.960 what he did when he when he brought all this 0:15:37.080 --> 0:15:40.320 under his order, was made a lot of money and 0:15:40.440 --> 0:15:43.200 raised a lot of revenue. Uh, and was kind of 0:15:43.240 --> 0:15:46.280 just squeezing every last bit he could out of these 0:15:46.400 --> 0:15:49.600 landowners again with those kind of fees like you were 0:15:49.640 --> 0:15:52.240 talking about, like, hey, if you're a widow and you 0:15:52.280 --> 0:15:55.480 want to remarry, h pay me. If you want to 0:15:55.520 --> 0:15:59.640 inherit some land or a title, pay me. Maybe you 0:15:59.640 --> 0:16:01.760 can even and bribe me. I'm you know, I'm open 0:16:01.800 --> 0:16:05.520 to that right, which is arbitrarian and of itself, because 0:16:05.560 --> 0:16:08.560 the person doesn't necessarily deserve whatever it is they're bribing 0:16:08.640 --> 0:16:13.160 the king for an exchange for and that's you know, 0:16:13.320 --> 0:16:18.000 that's not good. It's also in direct violation of the 0:16:18.080 --> 0:16:20.880 Charter of Liberties that Henry the First had laid out. 0:16:21.560 --> 0:16:23.840 And now that there was that, now that that had 0:16:23.840 --> 0:16:27.120 been established by Henry the First, the nobility could point 0:16:27.160 --> 0:16:29.120 to that and be like, you're not honoring this stuff, 0:16:29.160 --> 0:16:31.160 like this is something we can hold your feet to 0:16:31.240 --> 0:16:34.040 the flames over. It didn't necessarily work with Henry the 0:16:34.080 --> 0:16:37.640 Second because he was such a strong king, but it 0:16:37.720 --> 0:16:39.480 was it was something that they could point to and 0:16:39.520 --> 0:16:43.520 they could say like this is wrong and here's why. Yeah, 0:16:43.640 --> 0:16:45.200 and you know there's something I meant to point out 0:16:45.240 --> 0:16:47.600 at the beginning that that I'll bring up here that's 0:16:47.760 --> 0:16:50.880 really kind of integral to how all of this worked 0:16:50.920 --> 0:16:53.840 back then, is it was sort of a a three 0:16:53.840 --> 0:16:59.920 way dance between um, nobility, these really wealthy influential bearing 0:17:00.000 --> 0:17:03.280 and then the church. And like those are the three 0:17:03.280 --> 0:17:07.239 big pieces of the puzzle that like everyone kind of 0:17:07.240 --> 0:17:09.840 had to be happy among that group to a certain 0:17:09.880 --> 0:17:12.920 degree or there were big problems. Uh. And it was 0:17:12.960 --> 0:17:17.240 always sort of that dance with the royalty two sort 0:17:17.240 --> 0:17:19.600 of make sure that like they were extracting money from 0:17:19.600 --> 0:17:21.439 the barons, but they didn't want to make them too 0:17:21.520 --> 0:17:23.880 unhappy because I said, they would revolt. But you also 0:17:23.880 --> 0:17:27.399 had to satisfy the church, which technically was a separate entity, 0:17:27.400 --> 0:17:29.359 which we'll get to in a minute. But the push 0:17:29.359 --> 0:17:33.200 and pull among these three groups was really a pretty 0:17:33.280 --> 0:17:36.800 key thing to how everything operated back then. Yeah, um, 0:17:37.280 --> 0:17:40.240 and yeah, that was an excellent point because the church 0:17:40.320 --> 0:17:42.720 was like a state unto itself, right, it could make 0:17:42.720 --> 0:17:45.960 its own money. And um, this is at a time 0:17:46.000 --> 0:17:49.080 when the prevailing economic theory was that there was like 0:17:49.119 --> 0:17:51.600 a finite amount of money in the in the world. 0:17:52.400 --> 0:17:55.520 So when you were extracting money from like the barons, 0:17:55.800 --> 0:17:58.360 whether you were the church or whether you were the king, 0:17:58.880 --> 0:18:01.960 like that really hurt, hurt more than you know it 0:18:02.040 --> 0:18:05.320 does paying taxes today, because there's this idea that that 0:18:05.560 --> 0:18:07.840 like that was it there. There was like a zero 0:18:07.960 --> 0:18:11.840 sum game. Everybody was taking in exchanging from the same 0:18:11.920 --> 0:18:15.320 pot um. So yeah, if you could kind of balance 0:18:15.359 --> 0:18:18.360 all those three together, you had a pretty stable monarchy. 0:18:18.400 --> 0:18:20.600 But more often than not, it was like we were saying, 0:18:20.600 --> 0:18:23.639 people kind of push things over the edge. Henry the 0:18:23.680 --> 0:18:26.840 second definitely did that with the bribery, but again he 0:18:26.880 --> 0:18:29.560 was a strong monarch um and then he was he 0:18:29.600 --> 0:18:33.160 was succeeded by a couple of people that are kind 0:18:33.160 --> 0:18:36.560 of studies in contrast as far as kings of England go. 0:18:36.680 --> 0:18:40.040 Don't you think, Yeah, maybe let's take a break. That's 0:18:40.080 --> 0:18:43.560 a great cliffhanger. Who could these two people be? Laurel 0:18:43.640 --> 0:18:47.159 and Hardy C. C. De Ville could be the Hardy Boys, 0:18:47.840 --> 0:18:50.960 which like with Parker Stevenson and what's his other name? 0:18:51.320 --> 0:18:52.920 I bet you that's who it is, the other guy, 0:18:53.320 --> 0:19:28.840 poor other guy learning stuff with Joshua John. All Right, 0:19:29.200 --> 0:19:35.199 we're back Parker Stevenson and Fred Noonan with the two 0:19:35.280 --> 0:19:40.560 party boys. No, uh, you're talking about Richard, and then John. 0:19:41.200 --> 0:19:44.720 We'll start with Richard. Henry the Second died and his son, 0:19:44.840 --> 0:19:48.320 Richard the Lion Hearted inherited the throne, and he was 0:19:48.440 --> 0:19:51.680 beloved and he did a lot of crusades as well 0:19:51.760 --> 0:19:55.040 and had a lot of great military successes and uh, 0:19:55.240 --> 0:19:56.960 you know, I had to spend a lot of money 0:19:56.960 --> 0:20:00.159 to do so, of course, but he died unexpected lee. 0:20:00.320 --> 0:20:04.800 And then Henry the second, his his dad was Henry 0:20:04.840 --> 0:20:08.080 the Second. His son John took over the throne. And 0:20:08.200 --> 0:20:10.840 remember when I mentioned earlier that some some people just 0:20:10.880 --> 0:20:14.000 were not good at their job. This was John. He 0:20:14.119 --> 0:20:18.520 was just not good at being a politician, not good 0:20:18.520 --> 0:20:21.719 at being a king, not good at getting along with 0:20:21.760 --> 0:20:24.760 the barons and the church. He was just not cut 0:20:24.760 --> 0:20:27.000 out for it. Yeah, and he's the main bad guy. 0:20:27.119 --> 0:20:29.600 I think we I wondered if Richard the third was 0:20:29.680 --> 0:20:31.840 the main bad guy or the king and the Robin 0:20:31.880 --> 0:20:35.600 Hood legend is King John? Oh is it really? Yeah? 0:20:35.640 --> 0:20:38.400 Because I remember Richard the Lion Heart is like all 0:20:38.440 --> 0:20:41.639 fighting the crusades, and King John's running the show in 0:20:41.680 --> 0:20:46.320 a mean and incompetent way. That's who Robin Hood's fighting. 0:20:46.359 --> 0:20:49.840 And the Sheriff of Nottingham. But in real life John 0:20:49.960 --> 0:20:52.320 was just he was not meant to be a king. 0:20:52.880 --> 0:20:56.119 You know. He was Richard's brother, he was the younger brother, 0:20:56.640 --> 0:20:59.960 and Henry the second. Their father didn't even for one 0:21:00.040 --> 0:21:03.480 he didn't even name John after a king um. And 0:21:03.600 --> 0:21:06.320 he didn't give him any land um. So there was 0:21:06.359 --> 0:21:09.480 no no, no area for him to rule. He was 0:21:09.520 --> 0:21:11.879 sent off to like study with scholars. That's what he 0:21:11.960 --> 0:21:14.240 was supposed to be. So he was never bred to 0:21:14.280 --> 0:21:16.680 be a king, and he wasn't a very good one, 0:21:17.119 --> 0:21:21.040 regardless because of that or or just naturally. But his 0:21:21.119 --> 0:21:26.800 first nickname among the nobility was John Lackland because he 0:21:26.840 --> 0:21:30.200 didn't have any land, because they must have really burned him, 0:21:30.240 --> 0:21:32.960 you know, that's pretty funny. But he was terrible. But 0:21:33.119 --> 0:21:34.919 more to the point, like not only was he like 0:21:35.040 --> 0:21:37.960 bad with money and like he was a despot in 0:21:37.960 --> 0:21:42.119 a lot of ways too. He lost land. Remember I 0:21:42.200 --> 0:21:44.520 said the kings that were most beloved were the ones 0:21:44.600 --> 0:21:47.760 that like added to the kingdom. The ones that were 0:21:47.760 --> 0:21:50.800 the most despised were the ones who lost land from 0:21:50.840 --> 0:21:53.200 the kingdom. And that was what John did almost out 0:21:53.240 --> 0:21:56.960 of the gate. Yeah, he was losing land to king 0:21:57.000 --> 0:22:00.919 Phillip the second of France and and uh, you know 0:22:01.040 --> 0:22:02.920 ed points out and it's important to know here that 0:22:03.000 --> 0:22:05.960 you know, England and France back then were it's not 0:22:06.040 --> 0:22:09.880 like it is today, Like they were very intertwined. Um. 0:22:09.920 --> 0:22:12.160 England held a lot of land in the north of France, 0:22:12.160 --> 0:22:14.639 and they were constantly kind of going back and forth 0:22:14.680 --> 0:22:18.160 about like winning and taking land from one another. So 0:22:18.280 --> 0:22:20.840 it's it's you gotta have to kind of deprogram yourself 0:22:20.880 --> 0:22:23.000 from how you think of those two countries today to 0:22:23.040 --> 0:22:26.119 think about how it was back then. Um. So he 0:22:26.160 --> 0:22:29.879 was losing land to King Philip the second, and uh, 0:22:29.880 --> 0:22:34.040 Philip like to John's cousin, Arthur of Brittany, and he 0:22:34.080 --> 0:22:36.879 had a competing claim to the throne. So Philip was 0:22:36.920 --> 0:22:41.560 in Arthur's court. And you know, John just wasn't doing 0:22:41.600 --> 0:22:44.320 a good job. He was blowing through money he which 0:22:44.359 --> 0:22:46.000 meant he had to get more money out of the 0:22:46.040 --> 0:22:50.320 barons than even his predecessors did. And he was not 0:22:50.480 --> 0:22:54.040 winning land with this money, so he was he was 0:22:54.119 --> 0:22:56.920 just going down the tubes fast. Yeah. And one one 0:22:56.960 --> 0:22:58.879 thing I saw a check. Just want to mention these 0:22:58.960 --> 0:23:02.479 the English um were so intertwined with the French at 0:23:02.520 --> 0:23:05.240 the time that these kings that we're talking about, Henry 0:23:05.280 --> 0:23:09.520 the Second, Richard the Lion Hearted, h John Lackland, they 0:23:09.560 --> 0:23:13.119