1 00:00:01,480 --> 00:00:04,280 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you should know a production of I 2 00:00:04,360 --> 00:00:13,480 Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Hey, and welcome to the Perd Carst. I'm 3 00:00:13,560 --> 00:00:17,080 Speaker 1: Josh Clark, and there's Charles w Chuck Bryant and Jerry's 4 00:00:17,160 --> 00:00:19,880 Speaker 1: over there somewhere, and this is stuff you should know 5 00:00:20,680 --> 00:00:25,119 Speaker 1: the perd Carst. Did I say that? I think so. 6 00:00:25,280 --> 00:00:31,639 Speaker 1: You sounded like Kristen Wiggs target lady character. I'm not familiar. 7 00:00:32,120 --> 00:00:34,320 Speaker 1: Welcome to the Paired Coast. Oh no, way, that's a 8 00:00:34,320 --> 00:00:37,479 Speaker 1: different character. What character was that? I think that was 9 00:00:37,600 --> 00:00:43,440 Speaker 1: Mike Meyer's Scottish guy. No, not that jerk. I don't 10 00:00:43,520 --> 00:00:47,239 Speaker 1: know who then, Oh, I'm blanking. People are screaming at 11 00:00:47,240 --> 00:00:50,600 Speaker 1: their radio. Is that well known of a character? There 12 00:00:50,640 --> 00:00:54,400 Speaker 1: a m FM radio just to listen to. How is 13 00:00:54,440 --> 00:00:57,200 Speaker 1: this coming through? It's like when a fifty year old podcasts. 14 00:00:57,640 --> 00:01:00,920 Speaker 1: M h, it's true, a fifty year of this podcasting 15 00:01:01,000 --> 00:01:04,200 Speaker 1: before very ears. Right now. That's right, that's me. He 16 00:01:04,319 --> 00:01:07,800 Speaker 1: can't the age me. Martin Scorsese running circles around the 17 00:01:07,880 --> 00:01:14,679 Speaker 1: younger ones. Chuck, um, so, Chuck. Have you ever seen 18 00:01:14,760 --> 00:01:18,520 Speaker 1: the Simpsons? Oh boy, you got one for me. Did 19 00:01:18,520 --> 00:01:20,720 Speaker 1: you ever see the one about the murder House where 20 00:01:20,760 --> 00:01:27,720 Speaker 1: Marge becomes a real tour You mean a certified real tour. Yes, 21 00:01:27,760 --> 00:01:32,200 Speaker 1: of course, what are the kind of I don't know, 22 00:01:32,280 --> 00:01:35,640 Speaker 1: remind me. Oh so anyway, Marge becomes a real tour 23 00:01:36,280 --> 00:01:39,680 Speaker 1: and she uh, I think with Lionel Huts is realty 24 00:01:39,720 --> 00:01:43,200 Speaker 1: company and it's like a kind of like a Glen 25 00:01:43,200 --> 00:01:47,039 Speaker 1: Garry Glenn Ross spoof is like that that little uh subplot. 26 00:01:47,120 --> 00:01:52,320 Speaker 1: But um, she she uh tries to sell a house 27 00:01:52,400 --> 00:01:55,720 Speaker 1: that like a multiple murder was committed in uh to 28 00:01:56,320 --> 00:01:58,920 Speaker 1: Flanders and his family back when Maud was still alive. 29 00:01:59,520 --> 00:02:02,760 Speaker 1: And she does and tell them it's a murder house, um, 30 00:02:02,920 --> 00:02:05,240 Speaker 1: and feels like a tremendous amount of guilt and then 31 00:02:05,280 --> 00:02:08,640 Speaker 1: finally like confesses and I don't think they end up 32 00:02:08,639 --> 00:02:11,000 Speaker 1: buying the house anyway, I don't remember, but it's a 33 00:02:11,000 --> 00:02:13,560 Speaker 1: pretty good one that has almost nothing to do with anything. 34 00:02:13,600 --> 00:02:16,280 Speaker 1: I could have just stopped right there where Marge became 35 00:02:16,320 --> 00:02:20,080 Speaker 1: a real tour because she's taking the realty test and 36 00:02:20,320 --> 00:02:23,839 Speaker 1: um Lisa comes along and teaches her how to how 37 00:02:23,880 --> 00:02:28,360 Speaker 1: to remember things using mnemonic devices and in um. In 38 00:02:28,520 --> 00:02:32,120 Speaker 1: one example she gives, she says, and you can put 39 00:02:32,480 --> 00:02:34,639 Speaker 1: like something you're trying to remember to a song like 40 00:02:34,760 --> 00:02:39,080 Speaker 1: in twelve fifteen running me Doude dudea, the nobles and 41 00:02:39,160 --> 00:02:43,560 Speaker 1: the king agreed, Oh do do da day? That's great. 42 00:02:43,840 --> 00:02:46,800 Speaker 1: That is one of my go to references for the 43 00:02:46,840 --> 00:02:50,760 Speaker 1: Magna Carta. You know what mine is? Funny enough, man, 44 00:02:50,840 --> 00:02:53,400 Speaker 1: that was a tortured intro. No. I thought it was 45 00:02:53,440 --> 00:02:58,679 Speaker 1: great Simpsons reference is what it was. I thought it 46 00:02:58,720 --> 00:03:01,200 Speaker 1: was fantastical. Thank you. And I've never heard that. I 47 00:03:01,200 --> 00:03:03,600 Speaker 1: don't remember that episode and I've never heard that little jingle, 48 00:03:03,680 --> 00:03:08,680 Speaker 1: so vintage classic Simpsons. When I think of Magna Carta, 49 00:03:08,720 --> 00:03:13,320 Speaker 1: I think of Johnny Dangerously the movie with Michael Keaton, 50 00:03:13,600 --> 00:03:17,520 Speaker 1: the very funny spoof movie, because at one point I 51 00:03:17,600 --> 00:03:20,359 Speaker 1: think the someone is on death row and they're being 52 00:03:20,560 --> 00:03:23,640 Speaker 1: read fake last rites by a fake priest as they 53 00:03:23,680 --> 00:03:27,360 Speaker 1: walk down the Green Mile and they're just sort of 54 00:03:27,360 --> 00:03:31,440 Speaker 1: making up Latin terms and he goes Magna carta master chargea. 55 00:03:32,639 --> 00:03:34,680 Speaker 1: And I saw that in the theater when I was whatever, 56 00:03:34,760 --> 00:03:37,920 Speaker 1: like ten or eleven, and I've remembered that ever since. 57 00:03:38,520 --> 00:03:41,240 Speaker 1: It gets in your name and your your head, those 58 00:03:41,240 --> 00:03:45,040 Speaker 1: two words they go really well together. They have a 59 00:03:45,040 --> 00:03:48,640 Speaker 1: tendency to stick around. And then also like you get 60 00:03:48,680 --> 00:03:51,080 Speaker 1: the idea when you when you kind of like Percy 61 00:03:51,160 --> 00:03:54,200 Speaker 1: little ears up about this magnet carda thing that it 62 00:03:54,240 --> 00:03:57,400 Speaker 1: was kind of pretty important. People people tend to put 63 00:03:57,440 --> 00:04:01,320 Speaker 1: a lot of stock into it. Yeah, Uh, she's and know, 64 00:04:01,440 --> 00:04:03,680 Speaker 1: and I'm looking and I can't even see what Magna 65 00:04:03,720 --> 00:04:07,840 Speaker 1: carta what does it mean? Great Charter? The Great Charter 66 00:04:08,000 --> 00:04:12,440 Speaker 1: of course. Yeah. And technically the name of the Magna 67 00:04:12,560 --> 00:04:15,280 Speaker 1: Carta what we're talking about. We'll get into all like 68 00:04:15,360 --> 00:04:18,360 Speaker 1: the little details and everything in a second, but um, 69 00:04:18,440 --> 00:04:22,760 Speaker 1: it's called the Magna Carta Libertarium. So it's the Great 70 00:04:22,839 --> 00:04:25,880 Speaker 1: Charter of Liberties, is what it really is. And a 71 00:04:25,920 --> 00:04:27,279 Speaker 1: lot of people, like I was saying, they put a 72 00:04:27,279 --> 00:04:29,240 Speaker 1: lot of stock into they basically say, you say that 73 00:04:29,279 --> 00:04:31,840 Speaker 1: this is the well spring, at least in the UK 74 00:04:32,600 --> 00:04:36,640 Speaker 1: and America and I and by extension Australia and Canada 75 00:04:37,279 --> 00:04:40,880 Speaker 1: of human rights, of like civil rights, of the basic 76 00:04:41,040 --> 00:04:43,640 Speaker 1: rights that every citizen has, that like that all kind 77 00:04:43,640 --> 00:04:47,040 Speaker 1: of came from this document, and that before that there 78 00:04:47,080 --> 00:04:49,719 Speaker 1: really wasn't that kind of stuff. And you have to 79 00:04:49,960 --> 00:04:52,880 Speaker 1: really narrow your focus here because in this time period 80 00:04:52,920 --> 00:04:57,640 Speaker 1: we're talking about around them, like twelve and thirteenth centuries CE, 81 00:04:58,240 --> 00:05:01,360 Speaker 1: like England was still kind of figuring out which way 82 00:05:01,360 --> 00:05:04,360 Speaker 1: it was going. At the same time, if you went 83 00:05:04,400 --> 00:05:07,040 Speaker 1: to the Arab world, you would find half a million 84 00:05:07,040 --> 00:05:09,080 Speaker 1: people living in some cities. Well, there was like ten 85 00:05:09,080 --> 00:05:12,560 Speaker 1: thousand people living in London. If you went to the 86 00:05:12,600 --> 00:05:17,240 Speaker 1: west to modern day St. Louis, the Cahokia Mound civilization 87 00:05:17,800 --> 00:05:21,080 Speaker 1: had like fifteen thousand people living there. China had been 88 00:05:21,160 --> 00:05:24,279 Speaker 1: running a bureaucracy for a good thousand years by this time. 89 00:05:24,560 --> 00:05:28,000 Speaker 1: So this is new to England and the English, and 90 00:05:28,120 --> 00:05:32,800 Speaker 1: there their descendants and ancestors around this this time, this era. 91 00:05:33,320 --> 00:05:35,680 Speaker 1: But if you narrow it like that, then yeah, you 92 00:05:35,720 --> 00:05:37,960 Speaker 1: can make a pretty good case that for you and 93 00:05:38,040 --> 00:05:41,640 Speaker 1: me and those of us born in America, you can 94 00:05:41,760 --> 00:05:46,960 Speaker 1: trace your civil liberties pretty directly back to this document. Yeah, 95 00:05:47,040 --> 00:05:49,760 Speaker 1: And like even if the document itself as well learn 96 00:05:51,360 --> 00:05:57,440 Speaker 1: uh wasn't necessarily honored initially or even later. Um, it 97 00:05:57,480 --> 00:06:00,960 Speaker 1: was it was that seed that was planted that it 98 00:06:01,080 --> 00:06:03,920 Speaker 1: had to be at least uh, and we'll and we'll 99 00:06:03,960 --> 00:06:06,200 Speaker 1: see later on. You know it once it was in place, 100 00:06:06,680 --> 00:06:09,680 Speaker 1: you kind of couldn't go backwards from there, even though 101 00:06:09,880 --> 00:06:13,919 Speaker 1: some people did try later on, some royalty. It just 102 00:06:13,960 --> 00:06:16,640 Speaker 1: didn't happen. So it's sort of drew a line in 103 00:06:16,680 --> 00:06:18,640 Speaker 1: the sand and said, all right, from this point forward, 104 00:06:18,680 --> 00:06:24,440 Speaker 1: at least things for people, any people other than not 105 00:06:24,520 --> 00:06:28,680 Speaker 1: every person, but people other than royalty at least won't 106 00:06:28,760 --> 00:06:31,600 Speaker 1: won't go backwards from here. No, And like you said, 107 00:06:31,600 --> 00:06:35,160 Speaker 1: they tried it. Definitely wanted to. But when you lay 108 00:06:35,200 --> 00:06:39,560 Speaker 1: down something like people have rights that are basic to 109 00:06:39,640 --> 00:06:43,039 Speaker 1: them from the moment they're born, that's a tough one 110 00:06:43,080 --> 00:06:46,040 Speaker 1: to repeal, you know what I'm saying. Once that's out there, 111 00:06:46,080 --> 00:06:48,040 Speaker 1: that's that's tough to put it back in the box. 112 00:06:48,040 --> 00:06:53,120 Speaker 1: And good, it's good for us, bad for despotic absolutist monarchs. Though. 113 00:06:54,320 --> 00:06:57,039 Speaker 1: So should we get into a little background here, Yeah, 114 00:06:57,040 --> 00:06:58,960 Speaker 1: I think we should because we got we got some 115 00:06:58,960 --> 00:07:03,200 Speaker 1: ground to cover. Yeah, so, uh, the Grabster helped us 116 00:07:03,200 --> 00:07:04,719 Speaker 1: with this, and you could. I love it. You know, 117 00:07:04,760 --> 00:07:08,360 Speaker 1: you can tell when, uh, when our writers are really 118 00:07:08,400 --> 00:07:12,760 Speaker 1: into something by sort of how much background they give 119 00:07:12,840 --> 00:07:15,040 Speaker 1: us on stuff before they get to this stuff. I 120 00:07:15,040 --> 00:07:16,960 Speaker 1: think that I think that was into it. I think 121 00:07:16,960 --> 00:07:20,200 Speaker 1: he was wearing chainmail while he was writing them. He 122 00:07:20,320 --> 00:07:21,920 Speaker 1: may have been, but it did a great job with 123 00:07:21,920 --> 00:07:25,360 Speaker 1: a setup. And you know, we we have to point 124 00:07:25,360 --> 00:07:27,679 Speaker 1: out that this was a time, like you said, where 125 00:07:28,640 --> 00:07:32,600 Speaker 1: there was a king that ruled the land and everyone 126 00:07:32,840 --> 00:07:35,560 Speaker 1: had to do what the king said basically. And then 127 00:07:35,600 --> 00:07:38,640 Speaker 1: you had uh, you know, you had people that ruled 128 00:07:38,680 --> 00:07:42,720 Speaker 1: over smaller fiefdoms throughout the land, but they still answered 129 00:07:42,720 --> 00:07:45,360 Speaker 1: to the king. But they had their subjects as well. 130 00:07:46,120 --> 00:07:47,720 Speaker 1: But it was it was a bit of a mess. 131 00:07:47,800 --> 00:07:49,520 Speaker 1: Like even though the king could kind of do what 132 00:07:49,560 --> 00:07:53,960 Speaker 1: they wanted, the king usually knew like, hey, I can't 133 00:07:54,000 --> 00:07:57,280 Speaker 1: push things too far otherwise it gets really bad for me. 134 00:07:58,120 --> 00:07:59,880 Speaker 1: So let me see if I can walk right up 135 00:07:59,880 --> 00:08:02,800 Speaker 1: to that line as often as I can in many 136 00:08:02,840 --> 00:08:05,760 Speaker 1: cases as far as royalty is concerned, and sort of 137 00:08:05,800 --> 00:08:08,880 Speaker 1: push things as far as like you know, ringing money 138 00:08:08,880 --> 00:08:12,600 Speaker 1: out of people, uh for bribes or or quote unquote 139 00:08:12,640 --> 00:08:16,160 Speaker 1: taxes or uh, you know, try and just ruling with 140 00:08:16,200 --> 00:08:20,040 Speaker 1: a harsh hand, but not necessarily a hand that will 141 00:08:20,240 --> 00:08:23,080 Speaker 1: be so bad that the people revolt. Yeah, that was 142 00:08:23,120 --> 00:08:26,000 Speaker 1: a fine line. And so some kings in the history 143 00:08:26,040 --> 00:08:30,120 Speaker 1: of England, we're really good at being kings. I get 144 00:08:30,120 --> 00:08:33,560 Speaker 1: the impression that the more land you conquered in the 145 00:08:33,640 --> 00:08:37,679 Speaker 1: name of England, the more people you brought under your rule, Um, 146 00:08:37,760 --> 00:08:41,000 Speaker 1: the happier you could keep, the like the barons, the 147 00:08:41,040 --> 00:08:44,880 Speaker 1: people who um own the land that that, you know, 148 00:08:45,040 --> 00:08:48,520 Speaker 1: kind of all collectively made up your kingdom, the better 149 00:08:48,559 --> 00:08:51,520 Speaker 1: off you were. But yeah, you still were going to 150 00:08:51,600 --> 00:08:53,560 Speaker 1: need money to run things, so you're gonna have to 151 00:08:53,559 --> 00:08:55,600 Speaker 1: extract that stuff. So you had to just push it 152 00:08:55,640 --> 00:08:57,960 Speaker 1: just as far as you could. That was a good king. 153 00:08:58,400 --> 00:09:01,679 Speaker 1: There were also plenty of bad kings who would go 154 00:09:02,080 --> 00:09:06,120 Speaker 1: way past the line, and they were they they could 155 00:09:06,520 --> 00:09:10,000 Speaker 1: be allowed to do that because in England, kings were 156 00:09:10,640 --> 00:09:16,199 Speaker 1: divinely decreed by God. Their authority was derived directly from God. 157 00:09:16,720 --> 00:09:20,240 Speaker 1: So whatever they did, no matter how unhappy that made you, 158 00:09:21,040 --> 00:09:24,079 Speaker 1: God said it, So this king is allowed to do it. 159 00:09:24,840 --> 00:09:28,000 Speaker 1: In practice, that didn't actually like work out all the time, 160 00:09:28,040 --> 00:09:29,720 Speaker 1: Like it's not like the barons were like what are 161 00:09:29,720 --> 00:09:34,560 Speaker 1: you gonna do? God? God said? But they there was 162 00:09:34,640 --> 00:09:37,080 Speaker 1: still kind of that air that or around it. And 163 00:09:37,160 --> 00:09:39,160 Speaker 1: at the very least, even if you didn't buy into 164 00:09:39,200 --> 00:09:41,520 Speaker 1: that directly, that was the custom and had been for 165 00:09:41,559 --> 00:09:43,480 Speaker 1: a really long time, and that's hard to buck. So 166 00:09:43,520 --> 00:09:46,520 Speaker 1: you had good kings who still went up the line. 167 00:09:46,679 --> 00:09:49,199 Speaker 1: You have bad kings who crossed the line, and when 168 00:09:49,200 --> 00:09:52,439 Speaker 1: you put it all together, more often than not, that 169 00:09:52,520 --> 00:09:56,840 Speaker 1: line was being really kind of made to feel claustrophobic, 170 00:09:57,120 --> 00:09:59,520 Speaker 1: and so the barons would be unhappy. And they were 171 00:09:59,559 --> 00:10:02,079 Speaker 1: the ones the power. So if you push the barons 172 00:10:02,160 --> 00:10:04,720 Speaker 1: too far, they would push back, and then you would 173 00:10:04,800 --> 00:10:08,439 Speaker 1: end up with things like written laws and customs and 174 00:10:08,480 --> 00:10:12,760 Speaker 1: decrees that said the king won't do this anymore, right. Uh. 175 00:10:12,800 --> 00:10:15,839 Speaker 1: And there's also a third group in there of kings 176 00:10:15,840 --> 00:10:19,160 Speaker 1: that just weren't very good at their job. Like I 177 00:10:19,200 --> 00:10:24,320 Speaker 1: think history often like they often overlook sheer incompetence in 178 00:10:24,400 --> 00:10:26,880 Speaker 1: favor of you know, like this person did all these 179 00:10:26,920 --> 00:10:30,040 Speaker 1: great things, or this person was an evil tyrant, and 180 00:10:30,080 --> 00:10:32,320 Speaker 1: like some of them just weren't too good at it. Yeah, 181 00:10:32,360 --> 00:10:35,920 Speaker 1: the they like the day to day the Franklin pierces 182 00:10:35,960 --> 00:10:41,280 Speaker 1: of the English king Lin. Uh. So we'll skip up 183 00:10:41,320 --> 00:10:46,360 Speaker 1: to Henry the first uh alevend created the Charter of Liberties. 184 00:10:47,000 --> 00:10:49,240 Speaker 1: And this was sort of if the Magna Carta was 185 00:10:49,320 --> 00:10:53,840 Speaker 1: the seed of liberty for people like you and me, later, 186 00:10:54,400 --> 00:10:57,640 Speaker 1: the Charter of Liberties may have been the precede to 187 00:10:57,720 --> 00:11:00,680 Speaker 1: that seed in a way, because it is the first 188 00:11:01,440 --> 00:11:05,160 Speaker 1: kind of official thing that limited the king's power just 189 00:11:05,240 --> 00:11:07,960 Speaker 1: a bit. Uh, And in this case there were other things, 190 00:11:07,960 --> 00:11:11,640 Speaker 1: but it did limit the king's power to appoint church offices. 191 00:11:12,600 --> 00:11:17,880 Speaker 1: Um guaranteed that any like inheritances would be carried forth, 192 00:11:18,400 --> 00:11:21,679 Speaker 1: and there were no bribes necessary. So just sort of 193 00:11:22,360 --> 00:11:25,240 Speaker 1: like cleaned up the act of the royals in this 194 00:11:25,559 --> 00:11:28,760 Speaker 1: sort of smallest ways. Yeah, because before it was like 195 00:11:28,840 --> 00:11:31,120 Speaker 1: you could, if you were the king, could be like, yeah, 196 00:11:31,240 --> 00:11:33,560 Speaker 1: I don't care, give me some money if you want 197 00:11:33,600 --> 00:11:36,720 Speaker 1: to be legally married, or give me some money if 198 00:11:36,800 --> 00:11:41,120 Speaker 1: you um wanted to be promoted in your church ranking, 199 00:11:41,360 --> 00:11:43,880 Speaker 1: Like you could just extract money for anything. And so 200 00:11:43,920 --> 00:11:46,000 Speaker 1: this is the first time where it was kind of like, okay, 201 00:11:46,440 --> 00:11:48,439 Speaker 1: we'll go we we won't do that, we won't keep 202 00:11:48,480 --> 00:11:50,559 Speaker 1: pushing things like you were saying. Like it just kind 203 00:11:50,559 --> 00:11:54,000 Speaker 1: of cleaned up the monarchy and limited their ability and 204 00:11:54,040 --> 00:11:57,120 Speaker 1: it was kind of a big thing. And again that 205 00:11:57,200 --> 00:12:02,520 Speaker 1: came out of a bad king. That was Henry, who 206 00:12:02,760 --> 00:12:05,559 Speaker 1: had to clean up the mess left by his successor 207 00:12:05,679 --> 00:12:08,520 Speaker 1: or his predecessor, William the Second, his brother, who had 208 00:12:08,559 --> 00:12:11,920 Speaker 1: been a bad king, had overtaxed, had overstepped the boundaries 209 00:12:12,040 --> 00:12:14,680 Speaker 1: and now there had to be some sort of document 210 00:12:14,720 --> 00:12:17,360 Speaker 1: created to say we won't do that again. This is 211 00:12:17,400 --> 00:12:21,520 Speaker 1: where laws came from in England, like people overstepping bounds 212 00:12:21,559 --> 00:12:24,720 Speaker 1: and being pushed back on right or the king just 213 00:12:24,840 --> 00:12:31,439 Speaker 1: arbitrarily deciding things. So Henry one dies, uh, succeeded by 214 00:12:31,559 --> 00:12:34,800 Speaker 1: Stephen the First. And this one was a little dicey 215 00:12:34,880 --> 00:12:39,640 Speaker 1: because Stephen the first ascension to the throne was contested 216 00:12:39,679 --> 00:12:43,800 Speaker 1: and resulted in a civil war called the anarchy. Uh. 217 00:12:43,800 --> 00:12:46,400 Speaker 1: And the anarchy was was a mess. It was a 218 00:12:46,400 --> 00:12:50,960 Speaker 1: pretty brutal, lawless time. And um, Stephen I think he 219 00:12:51,040 --> 00:12:54,640 Speaker 1: wasn't around too long, but he was quickly followed by 220 00:12:54,679 --> 00:12:58,800 Speaker 1: Henry the Second, who ruled for about thirty five years 221 00:12:59,360 --> 00:13:01,920 Speaker 1: I think right at thirty five years. And this was 222 00:13:01,960 --> 00:13:04,600 Speaker 1: at the end of the anarchy. But Henry the Second 223 00:13:04,640 --> 00:13:08,640 Speaker 1: comes in and basically says, all right, the royals are back, baby, 224 00:13:08,920 --> 00:13:11,680 Speaker 1: and there are gonna be a bunch of reforms here. 225 00:13:11,920 --> 00:13:14,320 Speaker 1: We're gonna centralize our power. Things have gotten out of 226 00:13:14,360 --> 00:13:18,480 Speaker 1: hand with his anarchy and uh, it's all under my 227 00:13:18,679 --> 00:13:22,880 Speaker 1: control now. Um. And in a way this was it 228 00:13:22,920 --> 00:13:25,400 Speaker 1: was good and bad. It's it's never great when someone 229 00:13:25,440 --> 00:13:29,280 Speaker 1: assumes his absolute authority. But it's also better just to 230 00:13:29,360 --> 00:13:33,079 Speaker 1: have a more structured, codified system than all these weird 231 00:13:33,200 --> 00:13:35,400 Speaker 1: arbitrary laws that were kind of all over the place 232 00:13:35,400 --> 00:13:39,120 Speaker 1: and scattered about before exactly. Yeah. So, and one of 233 00:13:39,120 --> 00:13:41,080 Speaker 1: the reasons why Henry the second did that is because 234 00:13:41,120 --> 00:13:45,480 Speaker 1: he was very much into adventurism. He would he would 235 00:13:45,520 --> 00:13:48,280 Speaker 1: go out of England and try to conquer more lands 236 00:13:48,320 --> 00:13:52,160 Speaker 1: and that was his big thing. Parasailing, that was his thing. Yeah, 237 00:13:52,600 --> 00:13:57,000 Speaker 1: So he needed he needed some basically some some structure 238 00:13:57,520 --> 00:13:59,719 Speaker 1: that he could set in place that didn't require him 239 00:13:59,720 --> 00:14:02,240 Speaker 1: to be there all the time to oversee it. And 240 00:14:02,320 --> 00:14:05,840 Speaker 1: some of that like actually kind of benefited people, um 241 00:14:05,880 --> 00:14:08,720 Speaker 1: in part because like you said, it was it wasn't 242 00:14:08,840 --> 00:14:11,920 Speaker 1: arbitrary anymore. And there were like some real reforms, like 243 00:14:11,920 --> 00:14:13,960 Speaker 1: he set up a panel of judges that would go 244 00:14:14,000 --> 00:14:17,560 Speaker 1: around and and basically carry out criminal trials. Rather than 245 00:14:17,640 --> 00:14:21,080 Speaker 1: just people getting away with crimes or maybe being subject 246 00:14:21,080 --> 00:14:23,320 Speaker 1: to mob justice, they were trying to apply some sort 247 00:14:23,320 --> 00:14:27,320 Speaker 1: of actual justice to it. Um. Uh. You could now 248 00:14:27,600 --> 00:14:30,840 Speaker 1: if you were a surf or a peasant, you could 249 00:14:30,840 --> 00:14:34,480 Speaker 1: complain to the king and go over the lord of 250 00:14:34,560 --> 00:14:37,360 Speaker 1: the manner that you worked on his head if he 251 00:14:37,440 --> 00:14:39,920 Speaker 1: was mistreating you like that was brand new. And so 252 00:14:40,120 --> 00:14:42,000 Speaker 1: there was like some good things that were set in 253 00:14:42,000 --> 00:14:44,720 Speaker 1: place by Henry the Second. He wasn't like some benevolent 254 00:14:44,800 --> 00:14:47,320 Speaker 1: guy or anything like that, but he he did leave 255 00:14:47,360 --> 00:14:49,440 Speaker 1: that legacy and it was a it was a big deal. 256 00:14:49,480 --> 00:14:53,400 Speaker 1: A lot of people point to his code as the 257 00:14:53,400 --> 00:14:57,120 Speaker 1: beginning of English common law. Yeah, he was. He was 258 00:14:57,160 --> 00:14:59,120 Speaker 1: not a great guy. He was in fact a pretty 259 00:14:59,160 --> 00:15:03,440 Speaker 1: brutal uh person on the battlefield, and he would brutal leader, 260 00:15:03,480 --> 00:15:05,560 Speaker 1: he would, and he and he did a good job 261 00:15:05,760 --> 00:15:07,760 Speaker 1: leading on the battlefield, and he loved going to war. 262 00:15:08,320 --> 00:15:11,960 Speaker 1: But he would cut the feet off or the um 263 00:15:12,200 --> 00:15:16,040 Speaker 1: genitals from his enemies. Uh. He would you know, lock 264 00:15:16,120 --> 00:15:18,800 Speaker 1: people in the dungeons. He was known supposedly for gouging 265 00:15:18,840 --> 00:15:21,600 Speaker 1: out the eyes of a young messenger boy one time 266 00:15:21,640 --> 00:15:25,160 Speaker 1: who delivered bad news. Uh. So he wasn't some great guy. 267 00:15:25,280 --> 00:15:28,680 Speaker 1: And he was also like he had to finance all 268 00:15:28,720 --> 00:15:32,160 Speaker 1: of these travails in wars all over the place, and 269 00:15:32,200 --> 00:15:34,440 Speaker 1: that cost a lot of money. So a lot of 270 00:15:34,480 --> 00:15:36,960 Speaker 1: what he did when he when he brought all this 271 00:15:37,080 --> 00:15:40,320 Speaker 1: under his order, was made a lot of money and 272 00:15:40,440 --> 00:15:43,200 Speaker 1: raised a lot of revenue. Uh, and was kind of 273 00:15:43,240 --> 00:15:46,280 Speaker 1: just squeezing every last bit he could out of these 274 00:15:46,400 --> 00:15:49,600 Speaker 1: landowners again with those kind of fees like you were 275 00:15:49,640 --> 00:15:52,240 Speaker 1: talking about, like, hey, if you're a widow and you 276 00:15:52,280 --> 00:15:55,480 Speaker 1: want to remarry, h pay me. If you want to 277 00:15:55,520 --> 00:15:59,640 Speaker 1: inherit some land or a title, pay me. Maybe you 278 00:15:59,640 --> 00:16:01,760 Speaker 1: can even and bribe me. I'm you know, I'm open 279 00:16:01,800 --> 00:16:05,520 Speaker 1: to that right, which is arbitrarian and of itself, because 280 00:16:05,560 --> 00:16:08,560 Speaker 1: the person doesn't necessarily deserve whatever it is they're bribing 281 00:16:08,640 --> 00:16:13,160 Speaker 1: the king for an exchange for and that's you know, 282 00:16:13,320 --> 00:16:18,000 Speaker 1: that's not good. It's also in direct violation of the 283 00:16:18,080 --> 00:16:20,880 Speaker 1: Charter of Liberties that Henry the First had laid out. 284 00:16:21,560 --> 00:16:23,840 Speaker 1: And now that there was that, now that that had 285 00:16:23,840 --> 00:16:27,120 Speaker 1: been established by Henry the First, the nobility could point 286 00:16:27,160 --> 00:16:29,120 Speaker 1: to that and be like, you're not honoring this stuff, 287 00:16:29,160 --> 00:16:31,160 Speaker 1: like this is something we can hold your feet to 288 00:16:31,240 --> 00:16:34,040 Speaker 1: the flames over. It didn't necessarily work with Henry the 289 00:16:34,080 --> 00:16:37,640 Speaker 1: Second because he was such a strong king, but it 290 00:16:37,720 --> 00:16:39,480 Speaker 1: was it was something that they could point to and 291 00:16:39,520 --> 00:16:43,520 Speaker 1: they could say like this is wrong and here's why. Yeah, 292 00:16:43,640 --> 00:16:45,200 Speaker 1: and you know there's something I meant to point out 293 00:16:45,240 --> 00:16:47,600 Speaker 1: at the beginning that that I'll bring up here that's 294 00:16:47,760 --> 00:16:50,880 Speaker 1: really kind of integral to how all of this worked 295 00:16:50,920 --> 00:16:53,840 Speaker 1: back then, is it was sort of a a three 296 00:16:53,840 --> 00:16:59,920 Speaker 1: way dance between um, nobility, these really wealthy influential bearing 297 00:17:00,000 --> 00:17:03,280 Speaker 1: and then the church. And like those are the three 298 00:17:03,280 --> 00:17:07,239 Speaker 1: big pieces of the puzzle that like everyone kind of 299 00:17:07,240 --> 00:17:09,840 Speaker 1: had to be happy among that group to a certain 300 00:17:09,880 --> 00:17:12,920 Speaker 1: degree or there were big problems. Uh. And it was 301 00:17:12,960 --> 00:17:17,240 Speaker 1: always sort of that dance with the royalty two sort 302 00:17:17,240 --> 00:17:19,600 Speaker 1: of make sure that like they were extracting money from 303 00:17:19,600 --> 00:17:21,439 Speaker 1: the barons, but they didn't want to make them too 304 00:17:21,520 --> 00:17:23,880 Speaker 1: unhappy because I said, they would revolt. But you also 305 00:17:23,880 --> 00:17:27,399 Speaker 1: had to satisfy the church, which technically was a separate entity, 306 00:17:27,400 --> 00:17:29,359 Speaker 1: which we'll get to in a minute. But the push 307 00:17:29,359 --> 00:17:33,200 Speaker 1: and pull among these three groups was really a pretty 308 00:17:33,280 --> 00:17:36,800 Speaker 1: key thing to how everything operated back then. Yeah, um, 309 00:17:37,280 --> 00:17:40,240 Speaker 1: and yeah, that was an excellent point because the church 310 00:17:40,320 --> 00:17:42,720 Speaker 1: was like a state unto itself, right, it could make 311 00:17:42,720 --> 00:17:45,960 Speaker 1: its own money. And um, this is at a time 312 00:17:46,000 --> 00:17:49,080 Speaker 1: when the prevailing economic theory was that there was like 313 00:17:49,119 --> 00:17:51,600 Speaker 1: a finite amount of money in the in the world. 314 00:17:52,400 --> 00:17:55,520 Speaker 1: So when you were extracting money from like the barons, 315 00:17:55,800 --> 00:17:58,360 Speaker 1: whether you were the church or whether you were the king, 316 00:17:58,880 --> 00:18:01,960 Speaker 1: like that really hurt, hurt more than you know it 317 00:18:02,040 --> 00:18:05,320 Speaker 1: does paying taxes today, because there's this idea that that 318 00:18:05,560 --> 00:18:07,840 Speaker 1: like that was it there. There was like a zero 319 00:18:07,960 --> 00:18:11,840 Speaker 1: sum game. Everybody was taking in exchanging from the same 320 00:18:11,920 --> 00:18:15,320 Speaker 1: pot um. So yeah, if you could kind of balance 321 00:18:15,359 --> 00:18:18,360 Speaker 1: all those three together, you had a pretty stable monarchy. 322 00:18:18,400 --> 00:18:20,600 Speaker 1: But more often than not, it was like we were saying, 323 00:18:20,600 --> 00:18:23,639 Speaker 1: people kind of push things over the edge. Henry the 324 00:18:23,680 --> 00:18:26,840 Speaker 1: second definitely did that with the bribery, but again he 325 00:18:26,880 --> 00:18:29,560 Speaker 1: was a strong monarch um and then he was he 326 00:18:29,600 --> 00:18:33,160 Speaker 1: was succeeded by a couple of people that are kind 327 00:18:33,160 --> 00:18:36,560 Speaker 1: of studies in contrast as far as kings of England go. 328 00:18:36,680 --> 00:18:40,040 Speaker 1: Don't you think, Yeah, maybe let's take a break. That's 329 00:18:40,080 --> 00:18:43,560 Speaker 1: a great cliffhanger. Who could these two people be? Laurel 330 00:18:43,640 --> 00:18:47,159 Speaker 1: and Hardy C. C. De Ville could be the Hardy Boys, 331 00:18:47,840 --> 00:18:50,960 Speaker 1: which like with Parker Stevenson and what's his other name? 332 00:18:51,320 --> 00:18:52,920 Speaker 1: I bet you that's who it is, the other guy, 333 00:18:53,320 --> 00:19:28,840 Speaker 1: poor other guy learning stuff with Joshua John. All Right, 334 00:19:29,200 --> 00:19:35,199 Speaker 1: we're back Parker Stevenson and Fred Noonan with the two 335 00:19:35,280 --> 00:19:40,560 Speaker 1: party boys. No, uh, you're talking about Richard, and then John. 336 00:19:41,200 --> 00:19:44,720 Speaker 1: We'll start with Richard. Henry the Second died and his son, 337 00:19:44,840 --> 00:19:48,320 Speaker 1: Richard the Lion Hearted inherited the throne, and he was 338 00:19:48,440 --> 00:19:51,680 Speaker 1: beloved and he did a lot of crusades as well 339 00:19:51,760 --> 00:19:55,040 Speaker 1: and had a lot of great military successes and uh, 340 00:19:55,240 --> 00:19:56,960 Speaker 1: you know, I had to spend a lot of money 341 00:19:56,960 --> 00:20:00,159 Speaker 1: to do so, of course, but he died unexpected lee. 342 00:20:00,320 --> 00:20:04,800 Speaker 1: And then Henry the second, his his dad was Henry 343 00:20:04,840 --> 00:20:08,080 Speaker 1: the Second. His son John took over the throne. And 344 00:20:08,200 --> 00:20:10,840 Speaker 1: remember when I mentioned earlier that some some people just 345 00:20:10,880 --> 00:20:14,000 Speaker 1: were not good at their job. This was John. He 346 00:20:14,119 --> 00:20:18,520 Speaker 1: was just not good at being a politician, not good 347 00:20:18,520 --> 00:20:21,719 Speaker 1: at being a king, not good at getting along with 348 00:20:21,760 --> 00:20:24,760 Speaker 1: the barons and the church. He was just not cut 349 00:20:24,760 --> 00:20:27,000 Speaker 1: out for it. Yeah, and he's the main bad guy. 350 00:20:27,119 --> 00:20:29,600 Speaker 1: I think we I wondered if Richard the third was 351 00:20:29,680 --> 00:20:31,840 Speaker 1: the main bad guy or the king and the Robin 352 00:20:31,880 --> 00:20:35,600 Speaker 1: Hood legend is King John? Oh is it really? Yeah? 353 00:20:35,640 --> 00:20:38,400 Speaker 1: Because I remember Richard the Lion Heart is like all 354 00:20:38,440 --> 00:20:41,639 Speaker 1: fighting the crusades, and King John's running the show in 355 00:20:41,680 --> 00:20:46,320 Speaker 1: a mean and incompetent way. That's who Robin Hood's fighting. 356 00:20:46,359 --> 00:20:49,840 Speaker 1: And the Sheriff of Nottingham. But in real life John 357 00:20:49,960 --> 00:20:52,320 Speaker 1: was just he was not meant to be a king. 358 00:20:52,880 --> 00:20:56,119 Speaker 1: You know. He was Richard's brother, he was the younger brother, 359 00:20:56,640 --> 00:20:59,960 Speaker 1: and Henry the second. Their father didn't even for one 360 00:21:00,040 --> 00:21:03,480 Speaker 1: he didn't even name John after a king um. And 361 00:21:03,600 --> 00:21:06,320 Speaker 1: he didn't give him any land um. So there was 362 00:21:06,359 --> 00:21:09,480 Speaker 1: no no, no area for him to rule. He was 363 00:21:09,520 --> 00:21:11,879 Speaker 1: sent off to like study with scholars. That's what he 364 00:21:11,960 --> 00:21:14,240 Speaker 1: was supposed to be. So he was never bred to 365 00:21:14,280 --> 00:21:16,680 Speaker 1: be a king, and he wasn't a very good one, 366 00:21:17,119 --> 00:21:21,040 Speaker 1: regardless because of that or or just naturally. But his 367 00:21:21,119 --> 00:21:26,800 Speaker 1: first nickname among the nobility was John Lackland because he 368 00:21:26,840 --> 00:21:30,200 Speaker 1: didn't have any land, because they must have really burned him, 369 00:21:30,240 --> 00:21:32,960 Speaker 1: you know, that's pretty funny. But he was terrible. But 370 00:21:33,119 --> 00:21:34,919 Speaker 1: more to the point, like not only was he like 371 00:21:35,040 --> 00:21:37,960 Speaker 1: bad with money and like he was a despot in 372 00:21:37,960 --> 00:21:42,119 Speaker 1: a lot of ways too. He lost land. Remember I 373 00:21:42,200 --> 00:21:44,520 Speaker 1: said the kings that were most beloved were the ones 374 00:21:44,600 --> 00:21:47,760 Speaker 1: that like added to the kingdom. The ones that were 375 00:21:47,760 --> 00:21:50,800 Speaker 1: the most despised were the ones who lost land from 376 00:21:50,840 --> 00:21:53,200 Speaker 1: the kingdom. And that was what John did almost out 377 00:21:53,240 --> 00:21:56,960 Speaker 1: of the gate. Yeah, he was losing land to king 378 00:21:57,000 --> 00:22:00,919 Speaker 1: Phillip the second of France and and uh, you know 379 00:22:01,040 --> 00:22:02,920 Speaker 1: ed points out and it's important to know here that 380 00:22:03,000 --> 00:22:05,960 Speaker 1: you know, England and France back then were it's not 381 00:22:06,040 --> 00:22:09,880 Speaker 1: like it is today, Like they were very intertwined. Um. 382 00:22:09,920 --> 00:22:12,160 Speaker 1: England held a lot of land in the north of France, 383 00:22:12,160 --> 00:22:14,639 Speaker 1: and they were constantly kind of going back and forth 384 00:22:14,680 --> 00:22:18,160 Speaker 1: about like winning and taking land from one another. So 385 00:22:18,280 --> 00:22:20,840 Speaker 1: it's it's you gotta have to kind of deprogram yourself 386 00:22:20,880 --> 00:22:23,000 Speaker 1: from how you think of those two countries today to 387 00:22:23,040 --> 00:22:26,119 Speaker 1: think about how it was back then. Um. So he 388 00:22:26,160 --> 00:22:29,879 Speaker 1: was losing land to King Philip the second, and uh, 389 00:22:29,880 --> 00:22:34,040 Speaker 1: Philip like to John's cousin, Arthur of Brittany, and he 390 00:22:34,080 --> 00:22:36,879 Speaker 1: had a competing claim to the throne. So Philip was 391 00:22:36,920 --> 00:22:41,560 Speaker 1: in Arthur's court. And you know, John just wasn't doing 392 00:22:41,600 --> 00:22:44,320 Speaker 1: a good job. He was blowing through money he which 393 00:22:44,359 --> 00:22:46,000 Speaker 1: meant he had to get more money out of the 394 00:22:46,040 --> 00:22:50,320 Speaker 1: barons than even his predecessors did. And he was not 395 00:22:50,480 --> 00:22:54,040 Speaker 1: winning land with this money, so he was he was 396 00:22:54,119 --> 00:22:56,920 Speaker 1: just going down the tubes fast. Yeah. And one one 397 00:22:56,960 --> 00:22:58,879 Speaker 1: thing I saw a check. Just want to mention these 398 00:22:58,960 --> 00:23:02,479 Speaker 1: the English um were so intertwined with the French at 399 00:23:02,520 --> 00:23:05,240 Speaker 1: the time that these kings that we're talking about, Henry 400 00:23:05,280 --> 00:23:09,520 Speaker 1: the Second, Richard the Lion Hearted, h John Lackland, they 401 00:23:09,560 --> 00:23:13,119 Speaker 1: all spoke French. And that interesting. The English king spoke 402 00:23:13,200 --> 00:23:15,600 Speaker 1: French at the time. Oh sure, like when you go 403 00:23:15,640 --> 00:23:17,560 Speaker 1: to if you look at any of the old movies 404 00:23:17,560 --> 00:23:22,160 Speaker 1: that are historically accurate, it's really hard to make sense 405 00:23:22,280 --> 00:23:25,639 Speaker 1: of any of it. When like people from France or 406 00:23:25,680 --> 00:23:28,840 Speaker 1: sending their daughter to England to marry into It's like 407 00:23:28,960 --> 00:23:32,080 Speaker 1: it's it's really confusing, and I don't know if it's 408 00:23:32,080 --> 00:23:36,520 Speaker 1: about the family lines, but it's it is super confusing, 409 00:23:36,600 --> 00:23:42,280 Speaker 1: like the um oh, like Catherine the Great. And some 410 00:23:42,359 --> 00:23:46,600 Speaker 1: of this comes from watching TV, I'll admit, but that 411 00:23:46,640 --> 00:23:48,520 Speaker 1: TV show The Great is really good because I think 412 00:23:48,640 --> 00:23:53,560 Speaker 1: wasn't Catherine the Great Russian? Yes? Or she was married 413 00:23:53,600 --> 00:23:55,439 Speaker 1: off to the Russians. I'm not sure she was a 414 00:23:55,480 --> 00:23:58,800 Speaker 1: born Russian. I don't know. It's all just very confusing. 415 00:23:59,359 --> 00:24:00,920 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, but I mean that was a really good 416 00:24:00,920 --> 00:24:04,880 Speaker 1: way to consolidate power into games. Even more land um 417 00:24:04,920 --> 00:24:08,119 Speaker 1: would be to to marry like another royal family and 418 00:24:08,160 --> 00:24:11,280 Speaker 1: just put your stuff together, make you make yourselves even 419 00:24:11,320 --> 00:24:13,159 Speaker 1: harder to I might have gotten that all wrong, by 420 00:24:13,160 --> 00:24:15,440 Speaker 1: the way, but it was off the dome as the 421 00:24:15,520 --> 00:24:18,160 Speaker 1: kids say, hey, that's all right, man, off the domes 422 00:24:18,400 --> 00:24:21,920 Speaker 1: pretty great, alright. So John is uh, you know, I 423 00:24:21,960 --> 00:24:23,919 Speaker 1: talked about this sort of three prun thing. John is 424 00:24:23,920 --> 00:24:26,800 Speaker 1: not doing well. He is ticking off the barons because 425 00:24:26,800 --> 00:24:29,359 Speaker 1: he's having to squeeze more money out of them. So 426 00:24:29,400 --> 00:24:31,760 Speaker 1: it's like, well, surely he at least did okay with 427 00:24:31,800 --> 00:24:36,560 Speaker 1: the church right to keep that uh stool stable. Not 428 00:24:36,640 --> 00:24:40,399 Speaker 1: true at all. Pope Innocent the Third was in charge 429 00:24:40,400 --> 00:24:43,119 Speaker 1: at the time, and he appointed a new Bishop of 430 00:24:43,200 --> 00:24:45,960 Speaker 1: Canterbury named Stephen Langton, who would turn out to be 431 00:24:46,000 --> 00:24:48,960 Speaker 1: a big thorn and John's side. John did not want Langton, 432 00:24:49,680 --> 00:24:52,400 Speaker 1: and so he got mad and basically took his ball 433 00:24:52,400 --> 00:24:55,760 Speaker 1: and went home. Uh. He took control of Canterbury all 434 00:24:55,800 --> 00:24:59,080 Speaker 1: the church's possessions and said, Lankton, you can't even come 435 00:24:59,119 --> 00:25:03,240 Speaker 1: in the country. And so Innocent the Third said, oh, yeah, 436 00:25:03,320 --> 00:25:05,520 Speaker 1: you know what, I'm gonna issue a people degree that 437 00:25:05,560 --> 00:25:08,879 Speaker 1: basically all church services in England aren't valid anymore and 438 00:25:08,920 --> 00:25:11,520 Speaker 1: you can't hold them. And you know, if it was 439 00:25:11,560 --> 00:25:13,159 Speaker 1: you and me, we'd be like, sweet, we don't have 440 00:25:13,240 --> 00:25:15,520 Speaker 1: to go to church anymore. But it wasn't like that 441 00:25:15,560 --> 00:25:18,200 Speaker 1: back then. It was a really big deal. Uh. Ed said, 442 00:25:18,240 --> 00:25:21,320 Speaker 1: this was like dropping in ecclesiastical nuclear bomb into Britain 443 00:25:21,359 --> 00:25:23,720 Speaker 1: and that's kind of true. Yeah, because also the church 444 00:25:23,800 --> 00:25:27,400 Speaker 1: was a huge employer in England at the time too. 445 00:25:27,680 --> 00:25:30,240 Speaker 1: So now all the people who work in the church's 446 00:25:30,359 --> 00:25:33,120 Speaker 1: jobs are like, well are are are we valid? What's 447 00:25:33,119 --> 00:25:35,560 Speaker 1: going on here? You know? Do we have the same 448 00:25:35,600 --> 00:25:38,159 Speaker 1: protections that we used to It's it was a big, 449 00:25:38,200 --> 00:25:41,520 Speaker 1: big deal. And yeah, for all intents and purposes, England 450 00:25:41,720 --> 00:25:46,200 Speaker 1: under King John was at war with um, the Church 451 00:25:46,600 --> 00:25:49,919 Speaker 1: under Innocent the Third and it stayed that way for 452 00:25:49,920 --> 00:25:54,520 Speaker 1: a little while. Um, and they just put John that 453 00:25:54,640 --> 00:25:57,000 Speaker 1: was it. That was the last box to be checked. 454 00:25:57,040 --> 00:26:00,520 Speaker 1: Like he was at odds with absolutely everybody, uh, and 455 00:26:00,640 --> 00:26:05,760 Speaker 1: was a very unpopular king by anybody's anybody's measure. Um, 456 00:26:05,800 --> 00:26:08,800 Speaker 1: whether you were a commoner or whether you were nobility, 457 00:26:08,920 --> 00:26:11,959 Speaker 1: or whether you were a bishop, you did not like 458 00:26:12,240 --> 00:26:15,119 Speaker 1: King John very much. And then add to that that 459 00:26:15,240 --> 00:26:19,040 Speaker 1: the guy that Um Innocent the Third appointed to the 460 00:26:19,160 --> 00:26:21,960 Speaker 1: Archbishop of Canterbury. And this is also by the way, 461 00:26:22,000 --> 00:26:26,040 Speaker 1: after the last Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Beckett had been 462 00:26:26,119 --> 00:26:29,960 Speaker 1: murdered at the behest of John's father, Henry the second 463 00:26:30,800 --> 00:26:34,360 Speaker 1: um murdered brutally too. I read a first person account 464 00:26:34,359 --> 00:26:38,360 Speaker 1: of It's one or more ghastly murders I've ever heard um. 465 00:26:38,400 --> 00:26:40,760 Speaker 1: But the guy who came in, Stephen Langton, he was 466 00:26:40,800 --> 00:26:45,320 Speaker 1: like a progressive. He was basically writing about things that 467 00:26:45,440 --> 00:26:50,720 Speaker 1: questioned the divine authority of the monarchy, how some people 468 00:26:51,000 --> 00:26:54,080 Speaker 1: or not some people, but people had some natural rights, 469 00:26:54,119 --> 00:26:56,720 Speaker 1: like all people had some natural rights that even a 470 00:26:56,880 --> 00:27:00,520 Speaker 1: king couldn't violate. Like really progressive stuff. And this guy's 471 00:27:00,560 --> 00:27:03,400 Speaker 1: coming into England at a time when it has one 472 00:27:03,440 --> 00:27:07,160 Speaker 1: of its weakest kings in its history and basically set 473 00:27:07,200 --> 00:27:10,920 Speaker 1: the stage for the Magna Carta to to uh kind 474 00:27:10,920 --> 00:27:18,120 Speaker 1: of be written full stop? What else did you? I mean? 475 00:27:18,160 --> 00:27:19,960 Speaker 1: And could I have dressed it up more? Put a 476 00:27:19,960 --> 00:27:23,000 Speaker 1: little fruit on its head? Just your voice went up, 477 00:27:23,000 --> 00:27:26,200 Speaker 1: So I thought that was more. I was using up speak. 478 00:27:26,520 --> 00:27:31,320 Speaker 1: I was using so you might be asking yourself like 479 00:27:31,520 --> 00:27:34,560 Speaker 1: kind of what's the big deal? Because things were a 480 00:27:34,560 --> 00:27:37,280 Speaker 1: mess at various points in history, and there were revolts before, 481 00:27:37,760 --> 00:27:41,360 Speaker 1: and there was unrest before between the Church and the royals, 482 00:27:41,440 --> 00:27:44,200 Speaker 1: and was like why was this the big one that 483 00:27:44,320 --> 00:27:47,320 Speaker 1: kind of made everything change? And there are there are 484 00:27:47,359 --> 00:27:50,000 Speaker 1: a few reasons for this, um, one of which you 485 00:27:50,000 --> 00:27:53,720 Speaker 1: know I talked about France and England being so intertwined. Uh. 486 00:27:54,119 --> 00:27:56,480 Speaker 1: John lost land, but he lost Normandy, which was a 487 00:27:56,520 --> 00:28:00,439 Speaker 1: really big deal. Um. The Norman's in then had a 488 00:28:00,440 --> 00:28:02,600 Speaker 1: lot of land in northern France, like I said earlier, 489 00:28:02,640 --> 00:28:06,119 Speaker 1: since William the Conqueror uh got control of Normandy at 490 00:28:06,160 --> 00:28:08,840 Speaker 1: the Battle of Hastings. And the Normans were a tight 491 00:28:08,880 --> 00:28:11,840 Speaker 1: group and they were very influential in England. And then 492 00:28:11,960 --> 00:28:16,880 Speaker 1: when John lost Normandy, it was it was more than 493 00:28:16,920 --> 00:28:20,000 Speaker 1: just losing land. It was it was a big deal. Yeah, 494 00:28:20,040 --> 00:28:24,200 Speaker 1: they started calling him John soft Sword after that, did 495 00:28:24,200 --> 00:28:28,840 Speaker 1: they really? Yeah, that was his second nickname, John John 496 00:28:28,920 --> 00:28:34,000 Speaker 1: soft Sword. Uh. The church at the time, like we said, 497 00:28:34,160 --> 00:28:37,280 Speaker 1: was was separate, and so they had their own set 498 00:28:37,280 --> 00:28:39,560 Speaker 1: of laws, even they didn't have to. They had their 499 00:28:39,640 --> 00:28:43,240 Speaker 1: ecclesiastical laws. So if a church official ran a foul, 500 00:28:43,840 --> 00:28:45,800 Speaker 1: they were you know, they could say, no, no, no, 501 00:28:45,880 --> 00:28:48,760 Speaker 1: the King isn't gonna declare judgment on you. You You come 502 00:28:48,800 --> 00:28:51,280 Speaker 1: over here with us, we have our church law. It's 503 00:28:51,320 --> 00:28:54,880 Speaker 1: probably not as stiff to be honest uh. And and 504 00:28:54,960 --> 00:28:59,160 Speaker 1: basically John said, you know, forget that tradition. You guys 505 00:28:59,320 --> 00:29:02,840 Speaker 1: are under I rule and my decrees. And again this 506 00:29:03,040 --> 00:29:06,400 Speaker 1: just sent him further down the toilet um and then 507 00:29:07,080 --> 00:29:13,480 Speaker 1: like I was into the privy yes um. And then 508 00:29:13,520 --> 00:29:16,920 Speaker 1: add to that also that the the just the way 509 00:29:16,960 --> 00:29:19,600 Speaker 1: that people thought about the monarch, like thanks to people 510 00:29:19,680 --> 00:29:24,400 Speaker 1: like Stephen Langton, the new Archbishop of Canterbury um. And 511 00:29:24,480 --> 00:29:29,720 Speaker 1: the fact that the the Henry the first Document of Liberties, 512 00:29:29,920 --> 00:29:33,400 Speaker 1: a Charter of Liberties had had already been established. Like 513 00:29:33,440 --> 00:29:36,200 Speaker 1: just people were just thinking about things differently, and all 514 00:29:36,240 --> 00:29:38,560 Speaker 1: of this stuff kind of came together at this vortex 515 00:29:39,320 --> 00:29:43,720 Speaker 1: um and there was there was a point where finally 516 00:29:43,800 --> 00:29:46,080 Speaker 1: John was like okay, at the very least sending to 517 00:29:46,120 --> 00:29:50,479 Speaker 1: be in with the Pope and basically knelt before the 518 00:29:50,520 --> 00:29:54,240 Speaker 1: Pope and said England is a vassal state to um 519 00:29:54,440 --> 00:29:58,800 Speaker 1: the church again, which is a big deal um. But 520 00:29:59,080 --> 00:30:02,800 Speaker 1: it put put John in England back in Pope Innocent 521 00:30:02,920 --> 00:30:07,520 Speaker 1: the third good graces and they were fine again. But 522 00:30:07,600 --> 00:30:12,040 Speaker 1: that did nothing to help the barons uh. And as 523 00:30:12,080 --> 00:30:15,520 Speaker 1: a matter of fact, um, the barons were just as 524 00:30:15,800 --> 00:30:19,400 Speaker 1: put upon as before. But now John was even more 525 00:30:19,440 --> 00:30:22,280 Speaker 1: emboldened by having the full support of the Pope again, 526 00:30:22,840 --> 00:30:25,000 Speaker 1: and so the baron said, you know what, forget this, 527 00:30:25,720 --> 00:30:28,719 Speaker 1: enough of this, it's twelve fourteen and it's time for 528 00:30:28,760 --> 00:30:33,360 Speaker 1: some change. So they actually cobbled together uh a fighting 529 00:30:33,400 --> 00:30:37,200 Speaker 1: force and took London bye bye by force. They stormed 530 00:30:37,200 --> 00:30:41,040 Speaker 1: it and occupied London, uh, in open rebellion against King 531 00:30:41,160 --> 00:30:46,840 Speaker 1: John people. Yes, that's true, it really was. This is funny. Well, 532 00:30:46,880 --> 00:30:48,720 Speaker 1: it's funny to think of now. I mean, like ten 533 00:30:48,760 --> 00:30:51,680 Speaker 1: tho people living in London, but that's just the way 534 00:30:51,720 --> 00:30:53,120 Speaker 1: it was at the time. So yeah, you and I 535 00:30:53,120 --> 00:30:56,520 Speaker 1: could probably take London with ten thousand people, but it's 536 00:30:56,560 --> 00:31:00,960 Speaker 1: still significant to mention. Yeah, and are in our smartphones. 537 00:31:00,960 --> 00:31:04,280 Speaker 1: That's all we need. Yeah, look at the boomstick. Have 538 00:31:04,400 --> 00:31:06,640 Speaker 1: you ever seen a dog say I love you. Well, 539 00:31:06,680 --> 00:31:12,320 Speaker 1: I've got a video of it. Oh my god, they're bowing. Um. 540 00:31:12,440 --> 00:31:14,600 Speaker 1: So yeah, it wasn't a civil war, but it was. 541 00:31:14,760 --> 00:31:16,600 Speaker 1: It was a big deal. It was an open rebellion. 542 00:31:17,240 --> 00:31:19,960 Speaker 1: John knew this was not a good thing. So in 543 00:31:20,040 --> 00:31:23,320 Speaker 1: twelve fifteen he said, all right, I gotta make peace 544 00:31:23,320 --> 00:31:26,560 Speaker 1: with these people too, So let's get together. Uh, we'll 545 00:31:26,560 --> 00:31:29,280 Speaker 1: get that Langton, guy that I didn't like at all. 546 00:31:29,320 --> 00:31:31,120 Speaker 1: This shows you how much I'm coming. With my hat 547 00:31:31,160 --> 00:31:35,160 Speaker 1: in hand, he can act as the mediator. The baron said, 548 00:31:35,200 --> 00:31:37,880 Speaker 1: here's what we want. Uh, we'll call it the Article 549 00:31:37,960 --> 00:31:41,240 Speaker 1: of Barons and handed that to Langton, and Langton said, 550 00:31:41,280 --> 00:31:44,160 Speaker 1: all right, I gotta whip this into something that that 551 00:31:44,320 --> 00:31:47,960 Speaker 1: John is going to actually live with. And so he 552 00:31:48,160 --> 00:31:52,120 Speaker 1: drafted this initial document which included a lot of the 553 00:31:52,120 --> 00:31:55,440 Speaker 1: stuff from the Charter of Liberties that dealt with a 554 00:31:55,440 --> 00:31:57,479 Speaker 1: lot of this the you know, the laws that were 555 00:31:57,520 --> 00:32:00,680 Speaker 1: sort of on the books, but also had some had 556 00:32:00,720 --> 00:32:03,800 Speaker 1: some big ideas, like you were talking about about just 557 00:32:03,960 --> 00:32:10,280 Speaker 1: general rights at birth of humans. And they met, uh 558 00:32:10,440 --> 00:32:14,600 Speaker 1: ask Lisa Simpson where they met Running me Running Mead 559 00:32:16,000 --> 00:32:20,560 Speaker 1: June ninet, twelve fifteen, and they signed over fealty to John, 560 00:32:21,320 --> 00:32:24,120 Speaker 1: and they made copies of this thing, applied that Royal 561 00:32:24,160 --> 00:32:26,800 Speaker 1: seal on it, and that was it. It was the 562 00:32:26,840 --> 00:32:29,520 Speaker 1: Magna Carta, even though they didn't call it the Magna 563 00:32:29,560 --> 00:32:32,760 Speaker 1: Carta yet. No, And um, I was like, why Running Meat. 564 00:32:33,160 --> 00:32:35,760 Speaker 1: It turns out there's actually a few reasons why Running 565 00:32:35,800 --> 00:32:39,240 Speaker 1: Mead had a history of being an ancient kind of 566 00:32:39,320 --> 00:32:45,320 Speaker 1: council meeting spot. Um it was also nice place. Well 567 00:32:45,360 --> 00:32:48,680 Speaker 1: it was a boggy meadow, um, which is another reason 568 00:32:48,680 --> 00:32:50,560 Speaker 1: why I was chosen, because it would be a terrible 569 00:32:50,640 --> 00:32:54,560 Speaker 1: place to fight a war battle. And then also like 570 00:32:54,600 --> 00:32:58,440 Speaker 1: you could see basically in every direction from it, so 571 00:32:58,520 --> 00:33:01,560 Speaker 1: you couldn't do a surprise at tack either. Wanting to 572 00:33:01,560 --> 00:33:04,040 Speaker 1: fight in a boggy meadow. I thought it might have 573 00:33:04,080 --> 00:33:06,000 Speaker 1: been like a really nice picturesque thing, but it was 574 00:33:06,040 --> 00:33:08,160 Speaker 1: done out in the middle of nowhere where you could 575 00:33:08,160 --> 00:33:10,440 Speaker 1: see everything. Yeah. Well I get the impression that it 576 00:33:10,560 --> 00:33:13,640 Speaker 1: was picturesque still as well, but um that if you 577 00:33:13,880 --> 00:33:19,640 Speaker 1: had a lot of strategic strategic um assets to it too. Okay, 578 00:33:19,680 --> 00:33:23,680 Speaker 1: well that makes sense. Um. Alright, well I guess well, 579 00:33:23,720 --> 00:33:26,200 Speaker 1: before we take our break, let's just talk about the 580 00:33:26,200 --> 00:33:28,880 Speaker 1: fact that this first Magna Carta that was not even 581 00:33:28,880 --> 00:33:32,840 Speaker 1: called the magnet CARTI yet was ignored. John ignored it. 582 00:33:33,280 --> 00:33:36,120 Speaker 1: Uh innocent. The three said it's not even legal. Um. 583 00:33:36,200 --> 00:33:39,760 Speaker 1: John was under durest to agree to this thing, and 584 00:33:39,800 --> 00:33:42,560 Speaker 1: then a real full civil war called the First Barons 585 00:33:42,560 --> 00:33:46,600 Speaker 1: War broke out and John died of dysenteri in twelve sixteen. 586 00:33:46,600 --> 00:33:49,400 Speaker 1: It's kind of what ended the First Barons War. But 587 00:33:49,560 --> 00:33:54,440 Speaker 1: this is all sort of preamble to the real Magna Carta, 588 00:33:54,760 --> 00:34:22,839 Speaker 1: which we'll talk about in just a sec stuff with 589 00:34:22,920 --> 00:34:32,680 Speaker 1: Joshua John. All right, Chuck, So well, well, let's talk 590 00:34:32,719 --> 00:34:36,360 Speaker 1: a second about how the magnet Carta was applied shortly 591 00:34:36,400 --> 00:34:39,880 Speaker 1: after John died of dysenterry um. But first you have 592 00:34:40,000 --> 00:34:41,920 Speaker 1: to we should talk a little bit about like what 593 00:34:42,000 --> 00:34:44,160 Speaker 1: it actually looked like originally, because like you said, it 594 00:34:44,239 --> 00:34:46,720 Speaker 1: wasn't even what we think of the magnet Carta today. 595 00:34:47,320 --> 00:34:50,000 Speaker 1: It had a lot of stuff in it that has 596 00:34:50,040 --> 00:34:53,880 Speaker 1: nothing to do with nobody alive today. There is like 597 00:34:54,520 --> 00:34:58,560 Speaker 1: the basically the King's strong arm guy who went around 598 00:34:58,560 --> 00:35:01,640 Speaker 1: and like extracted money into orchard nobles. If they didn't 599 00:35:01,680 --> 00:35:05,560 Speaker 1: pay up, he and his cohorts are named specifically by 600 00:35:05,640 --> 00:35:10,080 Speaker 1: name as like they gotta go. There was stuff about, 601 00:35:10,120 --> 00:35:14,399 Speaker 1: you know, if you were a widow, you didn't have 602 00:35:14,480 --> 00:35:17,359 Speaker 1: to marry immediately, but if you did end up wanting 603 00:35:17,400 --> 00:35:19,440 Speaker 1: to get married later, you still had to go to 604 00:35:19,480 --> 00:35:23,040 Speaker 1: the king. There was about like land inheritance, all sorts 605 00:35:23,040 --> 00:35:26,640 Speaker 1: of stuff like that that really would have mattered to 606 00:35:27,200 --> 00:35:30,400 Speaker 1: a baron, uh, you know, a noble a noble person, 607 00:35:30,480 --> 00:35:33,960 Speaker 1: a nobleman or a woman in England at the time, 608 00:35:34,680 --> 00:35:36,799 Speaker 1: there were concessions. But then, like you said, there were 609 00:35:36,800 --> 00:35:40,040 Speaker 1: big ideas too. But if you were like the average 610 00:35:40,120 --> 00:35:42,919 Speaker 1: peasant working the land of surf, working in the land, 611 00:35:42,920 --> 00:35:45,000 Speaker 1: in the feudal system in England at the time, you 612 00:35:45,000 --> 00:35:46,759 Speaker 1: could not have made heads or tails of this because 613 00:35:46,840 --> 00:35:50,919 Speaker 1: number one it was written in abbreviated Latin, which would 614 00:35:50,920 --> 00:35:53,240 Speaker 1: have made it very hard to understand. But the number 615 00:35:53,280 --> 00:35:56,120 Speaker 1: two it was also written as one long I think 616 00:35:56,160 --> 00:36:01,400 Speaker 1: about three thousand word paragraph. Yeah that I don't even 617 00:36:01,440 --> 00:36:03,799 Speaker 1: think have punctuation in it either. It was it was 618 00:36:03,840 --> 00:36:09,239 Speaker 1: written like it was you know, by mad mad man. Yeah, 619 00:36:09,360 --> 00:36:11,360 Speaker 1: it's like written on a big long pieced roll of 620 00:36:11,400 --> 00:36:16,320 Speaker 1: toilet paper and that was rolled up. Uh it is 621 00:36:16,360 --> 00:36:18,840 Speaker 1: now like if you read the Magna Carta now it 622 00:36:18,920 --> 00:36:23,040 Speaker 1: is separated it into uh different clauses. But this was 623 00:36:23,120 --> 00:36:26,600 Speaker 1: not the case at first. This happened years later. Who 624 00:36:26,680 --> 00:36:29,080 Speaker 1: was the historian It was William Blackstone in the late 625 00:36:29,080 --> 00:36:33,160 Speaker 1: eighteenth century. Yeah, basically said like I gotta organize this thing, 626 00:36:33,800 --> 00:36:35,560 Speaker 1: like you know, this is gonna we we can't put 627 00:36:35,560 --> 00:36:38,680 Speaker 1: the thing in museums. It's embarrassing. Yeah, like people have 628 00:36:38,719 --> 00:36:40,200 Speaker 1: got to be able to make heads or tails of this, 629 00:36:40,200 --> 00:36:41,880 Speaker 1: so that that happened later on. At first it was 630 00:36:42,400 --> 00:36:45,359 Speaker 1: like you said, just this big long scrawl, and there 631 00:36:45,400 --> 00:36:47,600 Speaker 1: wasn't just one of them. It's not like you can 632 00:36:47,640 --> 00:36:50,719 Speaker 1: go to uh, you know, if you go to see 633 00:36:50,719 --> 00:36:54,000 Speaker 1: the Declaration of Independence and at the archives in d C, 634 00:36:54,680 --> 00:37:00,080 Speaker 1: like that's that's the one that's the master charge of 635 00:37:00,120 --> 00:37:03,800 Speaker 1: the master copy. There were thirteen known copies in twelve 636 00:37:03,840 --> 00:37:08,000 Speaker 1: fifteen of the Magna Carta, and there wasn't It's not 637 00:37:08,080 --> 00:37:10,080 Speaker 1: like they had one and then they ran it through 638 00:37:10,080 --> 00:37:13,360 Speaker 1: the xerox machine. They just they wrote it down thirteen times. 639 00:37:13,719 --> 00:37:16,600 Speaker 1: They're all originals. I guess it's maybe it's wrong to 640 00:37:16,600 --> 00:37:19,520 Speaker 1: say there isn't an original when there are thirteen originals. 641 00:37:19,960 --> 00:37:22,600 Speaker 1: There's not a soul original. Um. Four of these have 642 00:37:22,719 --> 00:37:26,600 Speaker 1: survived and they're little variations because they were written by 643 00:37:26,600 --> 00:37:30,000 Speaker 1: hand and transcribe, but nothing that like cancels anything out 644 00:37:30,120 --> 00:37:33,560 Speaker 1: is just sort of you know how somebody might transcribe something, 645 00:37:33,880 --> 00:37:37,799 Speaker 1: and they're all considered for like legit correct originals. I 646 00:37:37,800 --> 00:37:40,440 Speaker 1: think two of them are at the British Library of London, 647 00:37:41,000 --> 00:37:44,920 Speaker 1: one at Salisbury Cathedral and then one at Lincoln Castle. Yes. 648 00:37:45,600 --> 00:37:48,120 Speaker 1: And then if you go research how many Magna Carta 649 00:37:48,760 --> 00:37:51,719 Speaker 1: copies are there today, you'll find that there's a lot 650 00:37:51,760 --> 00:37:55,600 Speaker 1: more than four. And here you start to get into 651 00:37:55,719 --> 00:37:59,040 Speaker 1: just how muddy the history of the Magna Carta is, because, 652 00:37:59,080 --> 00:38:01,719 Speaker 1: like you said, when they first wrote this magnet Carta, 653 00:38:01,840 --> 00:38:07,400 Speaker 1: it wasn't exactly like what we think of magnet Carta today. Um. 654 00:38:07,440 --> 00:38:09,879 Speaker 1: It had a lot more provisions in it that had 655 00:38:09,920 --> 00:38:13,520 Speaker 1: to do with the forest, and there were so many 656 00:38:13,560 --> 00:38:16,800 Speaker 1: things rules and regulations about how to treat the forest, 657 00:38:16,840 --> 00:38:18,200 Speaker 1: how you can act in the forest, if you live 658 00:38:18,239 --> 00:38:20,600 Speaker 1: in the forest, who do you go, you know, claim 659 00:38:20,600 --> 00:38:23,120 Speaker 1: a grievance to that kind of stuff. That a separate 660 00:38:23,200 --> 00:38:26,880 Speaker 1: charter of the forest was created, Like those were basically 661 00:38:26,920 --> 00:38:32,040 Speaker 1: moved out, and then the document became the magnet Carta 662 00:38:32,120 --> 00:38:35,719 Speaker 1: that we understand it today. Um. And that was I 663 00:38:35,760 --> 00:38:41,680 Speaker 1: think in twelve seventeen when that finally happened. Yeah, twelve seventeen. 664 00:38:41,920 --> 00:38:46,080 Speaker 1: The charges of the forest was moved out, and then um, 665 00:38:46,440 --> 00:38:50,200 Speaker 1: little by little this document kept getting like adjusted, added 666 00:38:50,239 --> 00:38:53,640 Speaker 1: to as a new king came along. They would they 667 00:38:53,640 --> 00:38:56,480 Speaker 1: would basically be like I love the magnet carta, I'm 668 00:38:56,520 --> 00:39:00,040 Speaker 1: going to adhere to it. And slowly but surely, of 669 00:39:00,120 --> 00:39:05,400 Speaker 1: the next couple of decades it became accepted and respected 670 00:39:05,440 --> 00:39:07,680 Speaker 1: as the law of the land in England. Like it 671 00:39:07,760 --> 00:39:10,360 Speaker 1: was a lot more than just concessions to end the 672 00:39:10,760 --> 00:39:14,000 Speaker 1: Civil War, of the War of the Barons. It became 673 00:39:14,600 --> 00:39:18,880 Speaker 1: established law in England. Yeah, and and just those words 674 00:39:18,880 --> 00:39:22,080 Speaker 1: are very like it's easy now to sort of not 675 00:39:22,160 --> 00:39:24,360 Speaker 1: think too much about what law of the land means. 676 00:39:25,080 --> 00:39:27,560 Speaker 1: But back then that was a very big deal. And 677 00:39:27,719 --> 00:39:31,240 Speaker 1: that this was the first time that laws came about 678 00:39:31,719 --> 00:39:36,040 Speaker 1: that weren't directly from the king. Um. It wasn't royalty 679 00:39:36,120 --> 00:39:39,720 Speaker 1: just saying here's how everything is, everybody fall in line. 680 00:39:40,239 --> 00:39:43,480 Speaker 1: It was the people. And albeit it was you know, 681 00:39:44,840 --> 00:39:48,520 Speaker 1: if you were baron, you had a lot of money 682 00:39:48,920 --> 00:39:50,600 Speaker 1: and you know, a lot of political sway, it's not 683 00:39:50,640 --> 00:39:53,200 Speaker 1: like it was It's not like these were the surfs, 684 00:39:53,840 --> 00:39:57,360 Speaker 1: you know, like slinging hay in the hay fields that 685 00:39:57,440 --> 00:40:00,480 Speaker 1: had any kind of input. Um. So we do need 686 00:40:00,480 --> 00:40:03,240 Speaker 1: to point that out. But they were not royalty. So 687 00:40:03,560 --> 00:40:06,279 Speaker 1: it was a big deal for the very first time. Um, 688 00:40:06,320 --> 00:40:11,240 Speaker 1: actual um subjects of the king were weighing in and 689 00:40:11,239 --> 00:40:13,959 Speaker 1: and successfully weighing in on on what the law should be. Yeah. 690 00:40:14,000 --> 00:40:17,040 Speaker 1: And there were they were like the seeds to things 691 00:40:17,080 --> 00:40:19,719 Speaker 1: that would become really important later, like the idea that 692 00:40:20,239 --> 00:40:23,680 Speaker 1: um a council of barons I think twenty five barons 693 00:40:24,040 --> 00:40:28,600 Speaker 1: um could could basically hold the king to account. And 694 00:40:28,640 --> 00:40:33,400 Speaker 1: it was like the seed that eventually grew into the parliament. Um. 695 00:40:33,560 --> 00:40:35,520 Speaker 1: There was another one. There were there were some other 696 00:40:35,560 --> 00:40:39,799 Speaker 1: really big ones in there that that over time. One 697 00:40:39,800 --> 00:40:41,680 Speaker 1: of the things that happened over time, I guess, Chuck, 698 00:40:42,000 --> 00:40:46,040 Speaker 1: is it got extended to everybody in England, not just 699 00:40:46,440 --> 00:40:49,800 Speaker 1: what they called freemen which were landed nobility. Uh. It 700 00:40:49,960 --> 00:40:53,520 Speaker 1: got extended to everybody in England at least by twelve 701 00:40:53,640 --> 00:40:56,720 Speaker 1: ninety seven when it was encoded into law in England. 702 00:40:57,400 --> 00:41:02,400 Speaker 1: At the latest by like the Freds of fifteenth century. Um, 703 00:41:02,440 --> 00:41:06,440 Speaker 1: it became just commonly understood that like those those rights, 704 00:41:06,520 --> 00:41:12,200 Speaker 1: those laws in the Magna Carta applied to everybody in England. Yeah, 705 00:41:12,239 --> 00:41:15,000 Speaker 1: I mean, it was like this sacred document. And again 706 00:41:15,040 --> 00:41:17,239 Speaker 1: when you you kind of had no choice when you 707 00:41:17,280 --> 00:41:20,440 Speaker 1: came in there as a new king. Um, you may 708 00:41:20,480 --> 00:41:23,520 Speaker 1: try and alter and change some things, but you couldn't 709 00:41:23,560 --> 00:41:27,000 Speaker 1: refute the Magna Carta. At that point it was it 710 00:41:27,080 --> 00:41:30,839 Speaker 1: became too important, even if other laws superseded it later 711 00:41:30,920 --> 00:41:34,359 Speaker 1: on to the point where its actual laws in the 712 00:41:34,400 --> 00:41:38,160 Speaker 1: Magna Carta were rendered useless in a lot of circumstances. 713 00:41:39,000 --> 00:41:42,640 Speaker 1: It was a symbol, uh, And it had this, like 714 00:41:42,800 --> 00:41:45,319 Speaker 1: Ed said, it had this really powerful aura about it 715 00:41:46,360 --> 00:41:49,359 Speaker 1: because it was the first laws not decreed directly from 716 00:41:49,400 --> 00:41:53,320 Speaker 1: the King's voice. So you couldn't go back any anymore. 717 00:41:53,719 --> 00:41:56,640 Speaker 1: You could only move forward, even if it was even 718 00:41:56,680 --> 00:42:00,680 Speaker 1: if it was by tiny increments were talking about, um, 719 00:42:00,680 --> 00:42:05,239 Speaker 1: I mean the four hundreds. You know, this is a 720 00:42:05,280 --> 00:42:07,319 Speaker 1: long time ago, and it's gonna take a long time. 721 00:42:07,880 --> 00:42:10,880 Speaker 1: And Ed points out that, like we, humanity has always 722 00:42:10,880 --> 00:42:15,000 Speaker 1: been creeping towards more rights for more people, uh, even 723 00:42:15,040 --> 00:42:18,239 Speaker 1: if it's very slow and very clumsy at times. And 724 00:42:18,360 --> 00:42:21,000 Speaker 1: the Magna Carta was sort of the foundation on what 725 00:42:21,120 --> 00:42:23,640 Speaker 1: a lot of the modern rights that we have sort 726 00:42:23,680 --> 00:42:26,200 Speaker 1: of lay. Yeah. Like, there's there's a couple that are 727 00:42:26,239 --> 00:42:31,120 Speaker 1: actually still in English law. UM. Part of one the 728 00:42:31,160 --> 00:42:35,960 Speaker 1: first clause which gives freedom to the church, UM number thirteen, 729 00:42:36,719 --> 00:42:42,759 Speaker 1: which basically says that UM towns and municipalities have the 730 00:42:42,840 --> 00:42:45,839 Speaker 1: ability to decide their own matters like electing a mayor 731 00:42:45,920 --> 00:42:48,880 Speaker 1: that kind of stuff. And then the big ones. The 732 00:42:48,960 --> 00:42:52,160 Speaker 1: two big ones that were really huge when they were 733 00:42:52,520 --> 00:42:55,920 Speaker 1: codified in the Magna Carta back in twelve fifteen was 734 00:42:56,120 --> 00:43:00,799 Speaker 1: Um Claus thirty nine, which basically says that you uh 735 00:43:01,719 --> 00:43:06,680 Speaker 1: cannot be just thrown in prison, you can't be exiled, 736 00:43:06,760 --> 00:43:09,480 Speaker 1: you can't have your land taken away. None of those 737 00:43:09,520 --> 00:43:13,880 Speaker 1: things can happen to you unless it's through the lawful 738 00:43:13,960 --> 00:43:16,560 Speaker 1: judgment of your peers or the law of the land. 739 00:43:17,160 --> 00:43:20,200 Speaker 1: So it took away the king's arbitrary ability to throw 740 00:43:20,239 --> 00:43:22,840 Speaker 1: somebody in the dungeon until they starved to death because 741 00:43:23,120 --> 00:43:26,200 Speaker 1: they didn't pay him some bribe that he wanted. That 742 00:43:26,280 --> 00:43:32,440 Speaker 1: was enormous, and that today constitutes due process under the law. 743 00:43:33,040 --> 00:43:35,480 Speaker 1: And then also habeas corpus, where you can't just like 744 00:43:35,520 --> 00:43:37,960 Speaker 1: put someone in prison for no reason or never giving 745 00:43:37,960 --> 00:43:41,799 Speaker 1: a reason, and those are that's really huge, and that 746 00:43:41,960 --> 00:43:44,759 Speaker 1: is where directly where we we get that from an 747 00:43:44,760 --> 00:43:47,399 Speaker 1: America in the West. And the other one is um 748 00:43:47,760 --> 00:43:51,839 Speaker 1: Clause forty. There's you you cannot sell and you also 749 00:43:51,880 --> 00:43:57,000 Speaker 1: cannot deny or delay the rights that people have as citizens. 750 00:43:57,360 --> 00:44:00,040 Speaker 1: You you, you can't do that. So that was a 751 00:44:00,040 --> 00:44:02,640 Speaker 1: big deal. And then the idea that the magnet carta 752 00:44:02,920 --> 00:44:08,040 Speaker 1: um directly lead to the Bill of Rights um is 753 00:44:08,160 --> 00:44:12,080 Speaker 1: not an understatement at all. At the Constitutional Convention, when 754 00:44:12,080 --> 00:44:16,080 Speaker 1: they were thinking of whether they needed any kind of 755 00:44:16,440 --> 00:44:19,440 Speaker 1: magnet carta shout out because they had a mythical quality 756 00:44:19,440 --> 00:44:23,160 Speaker 1: in America by this time too um to kind of 757 00:44:23,239 --> 00:44:26,759 Speaker 1: keep the King of England at bay. Uh. They thought, well, 758 00:44:27,040 --> 00:44:28,680 Speaker 1: we're not gonna have a king here. We don't need 759 00:44:28,719 --> 00:44:32,200 Speaker 1: a magnet carta. And somebody very wisely pointed out, no, 760 00:44:32,320 --> 00:44:34,760 Speaker 1: we don't have a king, but the government still acts 761 00:44:34,760 --> 00:44:37,480 Speaker 1: at the behest of the majority of the people. What 762 00:44:37,560 --> 00:44:39,719 Speaker 1: if the majority of the people try to infringe on 763 00:44:39,800 --> 00:44:42,520 Speaker 1: the rights of others? We need something, And so they 764 00:44:42,560 --> 00:44:46,160 Speaker 1: came up with the Bill of Rights directly descended from 765 00:44:46,160 --> 00:44:48,920 Speaker 1: the magnet carta. So it is very much an important 766 00:44:48,960 --> 00:44:53,680 Speaker 1: document for surely still relevant, still relevant as ever. So 767 00:44:53,760 --> 00:44:57,120 Speaker 1: everybody go out and get a magnet carta copy, maybe 768 00:44:57,120 --> 00:45:02,320 Speaker 1: a poster or a T shirt and rocket ouably, do 769 00:45:02,360 --> 00:45:05,440 Speaker 1: you got anything else? I got nothing else? All right? Well, 770 00:45:06,400 --> 00:45:08,480 Speaker 1: Chuck said he's got nothing else. Than that means it's 771 00:45:08,480 --> 00:45:13,280 Speaker 1: time for a listener mail, I needna call this kind 772 00:45:13,640 --> 00:45:19,000 Speaker 1: correction on Jaclopes. I can't believe we walked right past this. Hey, guys, 773 00:45:19,040 --> 00:45:20,880 Speaker 1: a long time listener and super fan of the show. 774 00:45:20,920 --> 00:45:23,239 Speaker 1: I feel like we're friends since I listen to you 775 00:45:23,280 --> 00:45:24,640 Speaker 1: every day as I get ready for work and very 776 00:45:24,680 --> 00:45:27,360 Speaker 1: much look forward to your conversations. So as your friend, 777 00:45:28,080 --> 00:45:30,840 Speaker 1: I can say that absolutely love all your content, but 778 00:45:30,880 --> 00:45:34,640 Speaker 1: found myself cringing throughout the Jackalope episode. You see, I 779 00:45:34,680 --> 00:45:38,440 Speaker 1: am a the historic preservation officer for the City of 780 00:45:38,760 --> 00:45:42,640 Speaker 1: Las Vegas, Nevada, and while the jacaloplore is not prevalent 781 00:45:42,640 --> 00:45:45,279 Speaker 1: throughout Nevada, I still feel the need to weigh on 782 00:45:45,280 --> 00:45:49,439 Speaker 1: a bit of misunderstanding about our Southwestern fauna. The jack 783 00:45:49,440 --> 00:45:52,239 Speaker 1: and jackalopes is for the jack rabbit, of course, very 784 00:45:52,280 --> 00:45:55,480 Speaker 1: large species of hair, not a rabbits in the cute 785 00:45:55,520 --> 00:45:59,600 Speaker 1: little cottontail rabbit. The lope is for the pronghorn antelope, 786 00:45:59,760 --> 00:46:04,440 Speaker 1: not a deer. You guys, these are two different families, gentlemen. 787 00:46:04,520 --> 00:46:06,719 Speaker 1: The clue was right there in the name of antelope. 788 00:46:07,800 --> 00:46:10,600 Speaker 1: How do we miss that it's not a jack of deer? 789 00:46:10,640 --> 00:46:15,399 Speaker 1: I think we were so jazzed about even talking about 790 00:46:15,520 --> 00:46:19,200 Speaker 1: jack loops that we stopped seeing the forest for the trees. 791 00:46:19,840 --> 00:46:23,319 Speaker 1: Maybe so. However, a prong horn is not a true 792 00:46:23,360 --> 00:46:26,520 Speaker 1: antelope even, but that's another story. And further, prong horn 793 00:46:26,560 --> 00:46:29,280 Speaker 1: have horns, hence the name, which are affixed to the skull, 794 00:46:29,320 --> 00:46:32,120 Speaker 1: which of course means that put horns on the jack rabbit. 795 00:46:32,400 --> 00:46:36,239 Speaker 1: The prong horn must be deceased as well. However, dear 796 00:46:36,280 --> 00:46:39,120 Speaker 1: antlers shed annually with no harm done to the deer. 797 00:46:39,719 --> 00:46:41,400 Speaker 1: You can walk in any area where dear live and 798 00:46:41,440 --> 00:46:44,320 Speaker 1: find antlers on the ground. Therefore, deer does not necessarily 799 00:46:44,320 --> 00:46:46,680 Speaker 1: have to die to give up as antlers. While there 800 00:46:46,680 --> 00:46:49,719 Speaker 1: are certain yeah, that's good, while there are certainly our 801 00:46:49,880 --> 00:46:53,839 Speaker 1: taxidermy rabbits and hairs with deer antlers affixed to their heads. 802 00:46:53,840 --> 00:46:56,200 Speaker 1: A jacklobe by definition as a jack rabbit with prong 803 00:46:56,280 --> 00:46:59,480 Speaker 1: horn horns. I just wanted to give a little gentle 804 00:46:59,560 --> 00:47:02,759 Speaker 1: correction on all that, but in no way diminishes my 805 00:47:02,800 --> 00:47:05,080 Speaker 1: love for the show. Thank you for all you do, 806 00:47:05,280 --> 00:47:11,560 Speaker 1: all my best. Dr Diane ce C Brand, Historic Preservation Officer, 807 00:47:12,480 --> 00:47:17,960 Speaker 1: Las Vegas, Nevada. Excellent. Dr C. Brant. Dr Diane ce 808 00:47:18,480 --> 00:47:23,040 Speaker 1: c Brand, Okay C. C. Brand, m thank you Dr 809 00:47:23,120 --> 00:47:26,080 Speaker 1: C Brand, We appreciate that big time. Hats off to 810 00:47:26,120 --> 00:47:30,960 Speaker 1: you for that gentle correction. That was really something. If 811 00:47:31,000 --> 00:47:32,560 Speaker 1: you want to get in touch of this, like Dr 812 00:47:32,640 --> 00:47:36,239 Speaker 1: C Brand did, you can via email, wrap it up 813 00:47:36,520 --> 00:47:39,040 Speaker 1: spanking on the prong horn and send it off to 814 00:47:39,480 --> 00:47:46,279 Speaker 1: stuff Podcast iHeart radio dot com. Stuff you Should Know 815 00:47:46,400 --> 00:47:49,319 Speaker 1: is a production of iHeart Radio. For more podcasts my 816 00:47:49,360 --> 00:47:52,640 Speaker 1: heart Radio, visit the I heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, 817 00:47:52,760 --> 00:47:54,600 Speaker 1: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.