1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:03,239 Speaker 1: Hey, history enthusiasts, you get not one, but two events 2 00:00:03,240 --> 00:00:05,960 Speaker 1: in history today. Heads up that you also might hear 3 00:00:06,000 --> 00:00:10,039 Speaker 1: two different hosts, me and Tracy V. Wilson. With that said, 4 00:00:10,160 --> 00:00:13,680 Speaker 1: on with the show. Welcome to this day in History 5 00:00:13,680 --> 00:00:16,239 Speaker 1: Class from how Stuff Works dot Com and from the 6 00:00:16,280 --> 00:00:18,480 Speaker 1: desk of Stuff you Missed in History Class. It's the 7 00:00:18,480 --> 00:00:20,759 Speaker 1: show where we explore the past one day at a 8 00:00:20,800 --> 00:00:28,440 Speaker 1: time with a quick look at what happened today in history. Hello, 9 00:00:28,520 --> 00:00:31,280 Speaker 1: and welcome to the podcast. I'm Tracy V. Wilson and 10 00:00:31,280 --> 00:00:35,360 Speaker 1: it's October twenty nine. Sir Walter Raleigh was beheaded for 11 00:00:35,479 --> 00:00:39,080 Speaker 1: treason on this day in sixteen eighteen. Sir Walter Raleigh 12 00:00:39,120 --> 00:00:42,440 Speaker 1: was the longtime favorite of Queen Elizabeth the First. He 13 00:00:42,479 --> 00:00:44,680 Speaker 1: had been born in Devonshire to a family that was 14 00:00:44,760 --> 00:00:47,839 Speaker 1: well established in the area, but not really wealthy or prominent. 15 00:00:48,360 --> 00:00:51,879 Speaker 1: They did have some pretty high up connections, though. One 16 00:00:51,920 --> 00:00:54,680 Speaker 1: of these was the woman who served as Elizabeth's governess 17 00:00:54,760 --> 00:00:57,880 Speaker 1: back when she was still a princess. Raleigh also served 18 00:00:57,920 --> 00:01:00,120 Speaker 1: as a captain in the army during the two d 19 00:01:00,280 --> 00:01:02,560 Speaker 1: Conquest of Ireland, and he was a captain of a 20 00:01:02,680 --> 00:01:06,960 Speaker 1: unit that massacred Spanish and Italian troops that were assisting 21 00:01:06,959 --> 00:01:10,679 Speaker 1: Irish rebels there. This massacre was horrifying, but it was 22 00:01:10,720 --> 00:01:14,120 Speaker 1: also really how England treated rebels at the time. The 23 00:01:14,240 --> 00:01:17,759 Speaker 1: response to rebellion was always swift and decisive and meant 24 00:01:17,760 --> 00:01:21,240 Speaker 1: to deter any further rebellion. By the middle of the 25 00:01:21,240 --> 00:01:25,800 Speaker 1: fifteen eighties, though Raleigh was well into Queen Elizabeth's good graces. 26 00:01:26,200 --> 00:01:29,120 Speaker 1: He was knighted. She gave him all kinds of estates 27 00:01:29,160 --> 00:01:33,839 Speaker 1: and land, and monopolies on wine licenses and broadcloth exports. 28 00:01:34,120 --> 00:01:37,959 Speaker 1: A lot of this was very lucrative. After the death 29 00:01:38,000 --> 00:01:42,360 Speaker 1: of his half brother Sir Humphrey Gilbert in three Raleigh 30 00:01:42,400 --> 00:01:46,440 Speaker 1: also got a charter to colonize North America. This led 31 00:01:46,480 --> 00:01:50,160 Speaker 1: to a series of expeditions that he planned and funded 32 00:01:50,160 --> 00:01:53,720 Speaker 1: but didn't actually go on to what's now the coast 33 00:01:53,760 --> 00:01:58,040 Speaker 1: of North Carolina, included the infamous lost colony of Roanoke, 34 00:01:58,280 --> 00:02:00,800 Speaker 1: and the reason that Raleigh didn't personally go on any 35 00:02:00,840 --> 00:02:03,080 Speaker 1: of these as the Queen wanted him to stay with her. 36 00:02:03,680 --> 00:02:06,800 Speaker 1: In the early fifteen nineties, though, Raleigh almost lost the 37 00:02:06,880 --> 00:02:10,440 Speaker 1: Queen's favor forever by secretly marrying one of her maids 38 00:02:10,440 --> 00:02:13,160 Speaker 1: of honor and having a child with her. He only 39 00:02:13,200 --> 00:02:16,680 Speaker 1: started to earn the Queen's forgiveness through more expeditions to 40 00:02:16,720 --> 00:02:19,959 Speaker 1: try to seek treasure in the America's and through fighting 41 00:02:20,000 --> 00:02:23,519 Speaker 1: against Spain and the Anglo Spanish War. He had gotten 42 00:02:23,560 --> 00:02:25,959 Speaker 1: some of his old positions in favors back. When Queen 43 00:02:25,960 --> 00:02:28,760 Speaker 1: Elizabeth died in sixteen o three and James the First 44 00:02:29,120 --> 00:02:33,920 Speaker 1: of England and sixth of Scotland became king. Almost immediately, 45 00:02:34,040 --> 00:02:38,079 Speaker 1: Sir Walter Raleigh was suspected of treason. He was implicated 46 00:02:38,080 --> 00:02:40,760 Speaker 1: in something called the Main Plot. This was a plot 47 00:02:40,800 --> 00:02:45,040 Speaker 1: to overthrow the king and replace him with Lady Arbella Stewart. 48 00:02:45,560 --> 00:02:50,600 Speaker 1: This was a real plot, but Raleigh probably wasn't involved 49 00:02:50,639 --> 00:02:53,000 Speaker 1: in it. But by the standards of the law of 50 00:02:53,000 --> 00:02:56,239 Speaker 1: the day, he did commit treason. This is a very 51 00:02:56,360 --> 00:03:00,480 Speaker 1: broad law. If you compassed or imagined the death of 52 00:03:00,480 --> 00:03:04,560 Speaker 1: the king, that was treason, and Raleigh admittedly did that. 53 00:03:04,639 --> 00:03:08,560 Speaker 1: He basically griped to his friends about how displeased he 54 00:03:08,720 --> 00:03:11,600 Speaker 1: was with James the First and various ill wishes that 55 00:03:11,639 --> 00:03:14,440 Speaker 1: he had toward him. Raley was sentenced to death, but 56 00:03:14,480 --> 00:03:17,480 Speaker 1: given a last minute stay and instead sentenced to life 57 00:03:17,520 --> 00:03:19,560 Speaker 1: in the Tower of London, where he spent the next 58 00:03:19,680 --> 00:03:23,880 Speaker 1: thirteen years with the staff of servants and daily visits 59 00:03:23,880 --> 00:03:26,360 Speaker 1: from his wife and son and another son who was 60 00:03:26,440 --> 00:03:30,560 Speaker 1: born to them in sixteen oh five. In sixteen sixteen, 61 00:03:30,639 --> 00:03:33,920 Speaker 1: Raleigh convinced King James that he could find gold in 62 00:03:33,960 --> 00:03:37,720 Speaker 1: the America's and James allowed him to leave prison and 63 00:03:37,760 --> 00:03:40,840 Speaker 1: go look for it and mount another expedition on one condition. 64 00:03:41,480 --> 00:03:44,040 Speaker 1: That condition was that he not attack or harm any 65 00:03:44,120 --> 00:03:47,520 Speaker 1: Spanish vessels or settlements or people or any of that. 66 00:03:47,960 --> 00:03:51,640 Speaker 1: England was finally not at war with Spain, and James 67 00:03:51,680 --> 00:03:54,280 Speaker 1: didn't really want that to change at all. But this 68 00:03:54,360 --> 00:03:57,680 Speaker 1: whole thing went wrong. Sir Walter Raleigh got sick and 69 00:03:57,760 --> 00:04:01,280 Speaker 1: his second in command, Lawrence Keymis sometimes is called Lawrence Schemes, 70 00:04:01,640 --> 00:04:05,200 Speaker 1: had to take over. Chemist attacked a Spanish force, which 71 00:04:05,200 --> 00:04:08,560 Speaker 1: was exactly the thing that they had been told explicitly 72 00:04:08,760 --> 00:04:10,880 Speaker 1: not to do. And then, on top of the fact 73 00:04:10,920 --> 00:04:13,040 Speaker 1: that they attacked the Spanish force, they did not find 74 00:04:13,120 --> 00:04:17,279 Speaker 1: any gold. Raleigh was so unrelenting after this that Chemis 75 00:04:17,279 --> 00:04:22,080 Speaker 1: took his own life. Spain demanded restitution for what Raleigh 76 00:04:22,080 --> 00:04:25,120 Speaker 1: and his expedition had done, and so instead of putting 77 00:04:25,160 --> 00:04:28,120 Speaker 1: him on trial for that expedition and for those actions. 78 00:04:28,160 --> 00:04:31,599 Speaker 1: They instead just revived the death penalty for treason that 79 00:04:31,680 --> 00:04:34,640 Speaker 1: he had been given earlier on So he was beheaded 80 00:04:34,720 --> 00:04:38,480 Speaker 1: on October twenty nine, six eighteen, and a very theatrical execution. 81 00:04:39,200 --> 00:04:42,719 Speaker 1: His head was delivered to his widow in a bag 82 00:04:42,880 --> 00:04:45,800 Speaker 1: and she reportedly kept it for the next twenty nine 83 00:04:45,880 --> 00:04:50,000 Speaker 1: years until her own death. Raleigh himself reportedly haunts the 84 00:04:50,040 --> 00:04:53,039 Speaker 1: Tower of London today. Of course, there is a whole 85 00:04:53,040 --> 00:04:55,159 Speaker 1: lot more to the life of Sir Walter Raleigh, and 86 00:04:55,240 --> 00:04:57,760 Speaker 1: even to the main plot in this whole execution, and 87 00:04:57,800 --> 00:04:59,839 Speaker 1: you can learn more about it in the October tw 88 00:05:00,040 --> 00:05:03,440 Speaker 1: to second episode of Stuff You Miss in History Class. 89 00:05:03,960 --> 00:05:06,680 Speaker 1: Thanks so much to Tory Harrison for her audio work 90 00:05:06,760 --> 00:05:09,440 Speaker 1: on this show. You can subscribe to The Stand History 91 00:05:09,480 --> 00:05:12,480 Speaker 1: Class on Apple podcasts, Google Podcasts and wherever else you 92 00:05:12,520 --> 00:05:15,279 Speaker 1: get your podcasts, and you can tune in tomorrow for 93 00:05:15,360 --> 00:05:27,279 Speaker 1: a dramatic radio story, maybe a little too dramatic. Hi everyone, 94 00:05:27,640 --> 00:05:30,640 Speaker 1: I'm Eves and welcome to This Day and History Class, 95 00:05:31,000 --> 00:05:33,440 Speaker 1: a podcast where we dust off a little piece of 96 00:05:33,480 --> 00:05:36,640 Speaker 1: history and place it ever so gently on your brainshelf 97 00:05:36,880 --> 00:05:47,320 Speaker 1: every day. The day was October, The Star of India, 98 00:05:47,520 --> 00:05:50,440 Speaker 1: a five hundred and sixty three point thirty five carrots sapphire, 99 00:05:50,960 --> 00:05:53,800 Speaker 1: was stolen from the American Museum of Natural History in 100 00:05:53,839 --> 00:05:57,480 Speaker 1: New York City, along with twenty three other valuable Jim's. 101 00:05:58,600 --> 00:06:00,919 Speaker 1: The JP Morgan Hall of Jim and Minerals at the 102 00:06:01,000 --> 00:06:04,120 Speaker 1: museum was home to a collection of many notable gyms. 103 00:06:04,920 --> 00:06:07,520 Speaker 1: At the time, jewels were the object of many heights. 104 00:06:08,560 --> 00:06:11,680 Speaker 1: After seeing a heist movie called Top Cape, Jack Roll 105 00:06:11,720 --> 00:06:14,520 Speaker 1: and Murphy decided he could break into Morgan Hall at 106 00:06:14,520 --> 00:06:20,159 Speaker 1: the American Museum of Natural History and commit his own heist. Murphy, 107 00:06:20,360 --> 00:06:23,240 Speaker 1: also known as a Murph the Surf, teamed up with 108 00:06:23,320 --> 00:06:26,200 Speaker 1: Roger Clark and Alan Dale Coon to steal the gyms. 109 00:06:27,240 --> 00:06:30,599 Speaker 1: On the night of October twenty nine, sixty four. Clark 110 00:06:30,800 --> 00:06:32,839 Speaker 1: drove up to the back of the museum with Coon 111 00:06:32,920 --> 00:06:36,839 Speaker 1: and Murphy and a Cadillac. Coon and Murphy climbed defense, 112 00:06:36,960 --> 00:06:39,920 Speaker 1: ascended a fire escape, and used a rope to swing 113 00:06:39,960 --> 00:06:43,479 Speaker 1: into a fourth floor window at the museum. The windows 114 00:06:43,480 --> 00:06:46,599 Speaker 1: were not connected to an alarm system, and the museum 115 00:06:46,680 --> 00:06:49,960 Speaker 1: had stopped putting a guard in the gym room. The 116 00:06:49,960 --> 00:06:52,560 Speaker 1: thieves used a glass cutter, a squeegee they got from 117 00:06:52,560 --> 00:06:55,960 Speaker 1: an employee's locker, and duct tape to break into three 118 00:06:56,000 --> 00:07:00,160 Speaker 1: display cases and collect the gyms. They skipped over one 119 00:07:00,200 --> 00:07:03,919 Speaker 1: display case that contained sapphires, but they took plenty of 120 00:07:04,000 --> 00:07:08,440 Speaker 1: expensive gems, including the Star of India, the DeLong Star Ruby, 121 00:07:08,760 --> 00:07:12,080 Speaker 1: the Shettler Emerald, and the Midnight Star, a one hundred 122 00:07:12,120 --> 00:07:16,200 Speaker 1: and sixteen carrot black sapphire. The case the sapphire was 123 00:07:16,240 --> 00:07:19,080 Speaker 1: in was protected by an alarm, but the batteries were dead. 124 00:07:20,360 --> 00:07:22,840 Speaker 1: The next day, Coon and Murphy left New York on 125 00:07:22,840 --> 00:07:25,760 Speaker 1: a flight to Miami with a nineteen year old named 126 00:07:25,840 --> 00:07:29,240 Speaker 1: Janet floor Kovich. As the thieves were on their way 127 00:07:29,280 --> 00:07:32,120 Speaker 1: to Miami, a museum guard discovered that the gym's had 128 00:07:32,160 --> 00:07:35,800 Speaker 1: been stolen and called the police. The stolen gyms were 129 00:07:35,840 --> 00:07:39,120 Speaker 1: valued at four and ten thousand dollars, but none of 130 00:07:39,160 --> 00:07:43,760 Speaker 1: them were insured since premiums were high. In a press conference, 131 00:07:43,800 --> 00:07:47,320 Speaker 1: the museum director pinned the bad security on budget cuts. 132 00:07:48,400 --> 00:07:50,600 Speaker 1: It only took two days for detectives to check the 133 00:07:50,600 --> 00:07:53,840 Speaker 1: thieves down. Detectives got tips that led them to Cambridge 134 00:07:53,880 --> 00:07:57,040 Speaker 1: House hotel, where the thieves were staying in hosting parties. 135 00:07:58,040 --> 00:08:01,360 Speaker 1: In their hotel suite, detectives found sneakers with glass in them, 136 00:08:01,640 --> 00:08:05,520 Speaker 1: photos of museums, books about precious stones, and burglary tools. 137 00:08:06,600 --> 00:08:09,240 Speaker 1: One of the detectives stayed in the hotel suite overnight, 138 00:08:09,520 --> 00:08:12,400 Speaker 1: and when Clark returned the next morning, he was arrested. 139 00:08:13,520 --> 00:08:16,200 Speaker 1: Murphy and Coon were soon arrested in Miami, but the 140 00:08:16,240 --> 00:08:19,800 Speaker 1: police did not find the hidden gems. The pair were 141 00:08:19,840 --> 00:08:23,520 Speaker 1: extradited to New York facing charges of first degree burglary 142 00:08:23,640 --> 00:08:28,240 Speaker 1: and possession of burglary tools. The public impress largely treated 143 00:08:28,280 --> 00:08:32,360 Speaker 1: them like celebrities, but law enforcement still needed to find 144 00:08:32,360 --> 00:08:36,240 Speaker 1: the Gem's assistant district attor named Maurice net Jarry agreed 145 00:08:36,320 --> 00:08:38,760 Speaker 1: to take Coon to Miami to lead him to the gyms, 146 00:08:39,080 --> 00:08:43,000 Speaker 1: accompanied by three detectives. After run ins with the press 147 00:08:43,000 --> 00:08:46,000 Speaker 1: and Coon going back and forth on calls with contacts, 148 00:08:46,320 --> 00:08:49,240 Speaker 1: detectives found two wet bags filled with some of the 149 00:08:49,280 --> 00:08:53,040 Speaker 1: gems in a bus station locker. The bags contained the 150 00:08:53,080 --> 00:08:57,240 Speaker 1: Star of India, the Midnight Star, a sapphire, five emeralds, 151 00:08:57,240 --> 00:09:01,560 Speaker 1: and two aquamarines, but the Law Star Ruby wasn't recovered 152 00:09:01,640 --> 00:09:06,640 Speaker 1: until September of nineteen sixty five. In nineteen sixty five, Coon, 153 00:09:06,880 --> 00:09:10,559 Speaker 1: Murphy and Clark pled guilty to burglary and grand larceny, 154 00:09:10,600 --> 00:09:13,440 Speaker 1: and we're all sentenced to three years. At Rikers Island, 155 00:09:14,559 --> 00:09:18,120 Speaker 1: New York's American Museum of Natural History is still home 156 00:09:18,200 --> 00:09:21,520 Speaker 1: to thousands of minerals and gyms, including the Star of 157 00:09:21,600 --> 00:09:25,880 Speaker 1: India and the DeLong Star Ruby. I'm each Jeff Coote 158 00:09:25,960 --> 00:09:28,480 Speaker 1: and hopefully you know a little more about history today 159 00:09:28,520 --> 00:09:32,080 Speaker 1: than you did yesterday. Have a hard time staying present 160 00:09:32,120 --> 00:09:35,480 Speaker 1: as you mindlessly scrolled through social media. Lucky for you 161 00:09:35,640 --> 00:09:39,480 Speaker 1: were stuck in the past at t D I h 162 00:09:39,720 --> 00:09:44,800 Speaker 1: C podcast on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. If you prefer 163 00:09:44,960 --> 00:09:47,280 Speaker 1: something a little bit more formal, then you can write 164 00:09:47,360 --> 00:09:52,200 Speaker 1: us at this day at i heart media dot com. 165 00:09:52,240 --> 00:09:55,400 Speaker 1: Thanks for listening, Mary History to all, and to all 166 00:09:55,480 --> 00:10:06,080 Speaker 1: a good night. M For more podcasts from I heart Radio, 167 00:10:06,240 --> 00:10:08,840 Speaker 1: visit the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you 168 00:10:08,880 --> 00:10:09,959 Speaker 1: listen to your favorite shows.