WEBVTT - CZM Rewind: Title 42, Pt 4: The Border Patrol 0:00:05.320 --> 0:00:07.960 The history of the border and its enforcement begins in 0:00:08.000 --> 0:00:10.520 fourteen ninety two with the colonization of what would become 0:00:10.560 --> 0:00:13.560 known as the Americas. It goes through the eighteen forty 0:00:13.560 --> 0:00:16.560 two Mexican American War and a curl of indigenous people's 0:00:16.640 --> 0:00:18.920 lands without their knowledge or consent in the eighteen fifty 0:00:18.920 --> 0:00:22.119 three Gasden Purchase, and of course, through the eighteen eighty 0:00:22.120 --> 0:00:25.360 two Chinese Exclusion Act and numerous other explicit attempts to 0:00:25.360 --> 0:00:28.960 prevent non white people from moving to the USA. From there, 0:00:29.080 --> 0:00:31.720 it weaves its way through the Mexican Revolution and the 0:00:31.720 --> 0:00:34.400 First World Wars GEMA proposal to ally with Mexico to 0:00:34.440 --> 0:00:37.720 reclaim those territories it had lost in the decades before then. 0:00:37.960 --> 0:00:41.599 The Border patrol story itself begins in May nineteen twenty four, 0:00:42.200 --> 0:00:44.440 and in the ninety nine years since it has encompassed 0:00:44.440 --> 0:00:46.760 everything from David Duke to nine to eleven in its 0:00:46.800 --> 0:00:50.440 journey to becoming the biggest and least accountable law enforcement 0:00:50.440 --> 0:00:54.000 agency in the federal government. People from the colonial periphery 0:00:54.040 --> 0:00:56.920 have always migrated to the metropol. It's why a man 0:00:56.960 --> 0:00:59.280 called Fat LEDs singing a song about vinderlou Is basically 0:00:59.280 --> 0:01:02.279 in my country second national anthem, and why every four 0:01:02.360 --> 0:01:04.920 years France accepts black Frenchmen onto its football team before 0:01:04.959 --> 0:01:07.240 it returns to vilifying them in other forms of discourse. 0:01:08.200 --> 0:01:11.360 Migration to the United States is no different. Climate change 0:01:11.360 --> 0:01:14.399 in US imperiodism have destabilized and impoverished nations from the 0:01:14.400 --> 0:01:18.000 Americas to Afghanistan and driven people to the US border 0:01:18.040 --> 0:01:21.320 looking for a better life. What's distinct about the US 0:01:21.400 --> 0:01:23.759 is how obsessed it has become with keeping these people 0:01:23.800 --> 0:01:27.440 out and enforcing the longest land borders in the world. 0:01:27.600 --> 0:01:29.360 But the US border is much bigger than the land 0:01:29.400 --> 0:01:31.920 boundary between the USA and Mexico to the south and 0:01:31.959 --> 0:01:34.319 Canada to the north. If you're listening to this in 0:01:34.319 --> 0:01:36.600 the United States, the chances are that you live in 0:01:36.600 --> 0:01:40.240 the Border Enforcement Zone. This swath of territory outside the 0:01:40.240 --> 0:01:43.920 constitution has been established since the Immigration and Nationality Act 0:01:43.920 --> 0:01:47.480 of nineteen fifty two. Established at a reasonable distance of 0:01:47.520 --> 0:01:50.920 the border would extend one hundred air miles around the 0:01:50.920 --> 0:01:54.400 outline of the country. Two thirds of the US's population 0:01:54.560 --> 0:01:58.240 live within this zone. Washington, d C. San Francisco, Chicago, 0:01:58.360 --> 0:02:01.040 New Orleans, and Boston are all within it, and that 0:02:01.120 --> 0:02:03.840 means that CBP agents can search vehicles and vessels to 0:02:03.840 --> 0:02:06.200 look for property that's in the country without the right documents. 0:02:06.640 --> 0:02:09.640 They can board public transportation or set up interior checkpoints 0:02:09.680 --> 0:02:13.320 and stop, interrogate, and search citizens and non citizens without 0:02:13.320 --> 0:02:16.200 the need for a warrant. Within twenty five miles of 0:02:16.200 --> 0:02:18.359 the border, they can enter your property provide it's not 0:02:18.400 --> 0:02:22.000 a domicile. The Fourth Amendment, part of a foundational bill 0:02:22.040 --> 0:02:24.119 of rights at US likes to tout as what makes 0:02:24.120 --> 0:02:26.600 it different from the rest of the world, doesn't apply 0:02:26.720 --> 0:02:29.840 when you're near the border, and all encompassing history of 0:02:29.840 --> 0:02:32.120 the border and its enforcement is beyond the scope of 0:02:32.160 --> 0:02:34.880 this podcast. Even a history of the Southwest border could 0:02:34.919 --> 0:02:37.320 take up a whole bookshelf, but we will try and 0:02:37.320 --> 0:02:40.680 skim the high points here. Let's start with a Gadsden purchase, 0:02:41.040 --> 0:02:43.359 when a party of military surveyors first bumped into to 0:02:43.440 --> 0:02:46.280 Horn art and elders as they attempted to draw a 0:02:46.320 --> 0:02:50.000 line dividing to Horn autumn people from to Horn Autumn people. 0:02:51.120 --> 0:02:53.000 The southern border is no more obvious today than it 0:02:53.160 --> 0:02:55.520 was then, and of course to the Autumn it was 0:02:55.560 --> 0:02:57.880 and remains, and aberrations that divides them from much of 0:02:57.919 --> 0:03:02.040 their ancestral and current homelands. It has over the years 0:03:02.160 --> 0:03:05.120 seen violent enforcement on members of the nation and a 0:03:05.160 --> 0:03:08.000 growing encroachment of the border patrol into today's to Horn 0:03:08.080 --> 0:03:11.359 Autumn Reservation, which is the second largest in the USA. 0:03:11.600 --> 0:03:14.799 It only represents a fraction of the tribe's historical homeland. 0:03:15.960 --> 0:03:18.280 These surveyors were in the process of finalizing most of 0:03:18.320 --> 0:03:21.560 the California and Arizona border, a border I drove most 0:03:21.600 --> 0:03:24.359 of in the days after Title forty two. The southern 0:03:24.400 --> 0:03:27.000 border as it looks now, was largely shaped by the 0:03:27.000 --> 0:03:30.679 Treaty of Guadalupihidalgo, which Mexico lost fifty five percent of 0:03:30.720 --> 0:03:34.080 its territory, including all of what is today California, Arizona, 0:03:34.200 --> 0:03:36.760 New Mexico, Utah, and Nevada, and parts of what is 0:03:36.760 --> 0:03:41.720 today Colorado, Wyoming, Kansas, and Oklahoma. The Gaston Purchase of 0:03:41.720 --> 0:03:44.680 eighteen fifty three added more of southern Arizona. In New Mexico, 0:03:45.560 --> 0:03:48.160 the specific border in Santa Cidro withdrawn so that San 0:03:48.160 --> 0:03:50.920 Diego Bay would fall to north of the line. The 0:03:50.920 --> 0:03:54.200 border in Cucumber seems more arbitrary, a straight line in 0:03:54.200 --> 0:03:57.360 the desert that runs into a pile of rocks. Of course, 0:03:57.720 --> 0:04:00.480 long before the border divided San Asidra fifty one, this 0:04:00.600 --> 0:04:03.160 was Kumia land, and despite the border, it still is. 0:04:03.920 --> 0:04:07.320 The name Tijuana derives from Tijuan, which means by the 0:04:07.320 --> 0:04:11.440 sea in Kumia. Despite this, the Kumii and many other 0:04:11.480 --> 0:04:14.360 indigenous peoples were ignored when the border crossed them, and 0:04:14.400 --> 0:04:16.600 it's becoming harder and harder for them to cross it. 0:04:17.720 --> 0:04:19.640 In parts of desert, it can be pretty hard to 0:04:19.680 --> 0:04:22.880 see the border at all. In twenty twenty, while out 0:04:22.880 --> 0:04:24.960 with a group of Kumii people who were in ceremony 0:04:24.960 --> 0:04:27.719 to honor their ancestors whose burial sites have been and 0:04:27.720 --> 0:04:31.080 continue to be desecrated by border war construction, I had 0:04:31.120 --> 0:04:32.840 to be worried of stepping over it to better frame 0:04:32.880 --> 0:04:36.560 my shots. The emerging declaration Donald Trump made allowed war 0:04:36.600 --> 0:04:39.880 construction to sidestep legislation in place to protect archaeological and 0:04:39.920 --> 0:04:42.880 sacred sites, but it didn't allow me to sidestep into 0:04:42.920 --> 0:04:47.200 Mexico to get a better shot. Luckily, Bortac, a team 0:04:47.279 --> 0:04:49.600 of armed Border patrol agents who you might remember from 0:04:49.640 --> 0:04:52.440 Portland in twenty twenty, provided a guy addressed like he 0:04:52.520 --> 0:04:54.760 was in the Battle of Fallujah. To help me, I 0:04:54.760 --> 0:04:56.359 would say the border is a line in the sand, 0:04:56.400 --> 0:04:58.360 But at the time there wasn't a line that was 0:04:58.440 --> 0:05:01.560 visible at all. The moon a few miles east to 0:05:01.560 --> 0:05:04.040 where that Bortac patrol guard shouted at people stepping too 0:05:04.120 --> 0:05:08.240 close in twenty twenty. The border wall is about waist high, rusty, 0:05:08.360 --> 0:05:10.599 and essentially comprised of a single strand of barbed wire. 0:05:11.760 --> 0:05:14.880 In Hoocumber, the thirty foot trump wall pushes right up 0:05:14.880 --> 0:05:18.359 to a boulder pile and then stops the logic as 0:05:18.440 --> 0:05:20.360 much as there can be any logic, and spending twenty 0:05:20.360 --> 0:05:23.000 five million dollars a mile to desecrate sacred spaces and 0:05:23.040 --> 0:05:25.960 defile the landscape, is that people will be deterred from 0:05:25.960 --> 0:05:29.120 crossing by the harsh landscape brutally hot days and brutally 0:05:29.160 --> 0:05:33.440 cold nights. This logic, of course, fails to consider not 0:05:33.680 --> 0:05:36.560 just where people are going, why they're leaving the places 0:05:36.600 --> 0:05:40.520 they've come from, risking one's life crossing the border makes 0:05:40.560 --> 0:05:43.640 sense only when one considers the danger that many people 0:05:43.680 --> 0:05:46.640 in places around the world face every day. It hasn't 0:05:46.640 --> 0:05:50.120 always been this way. Fear reference here in Reagan and 0:05:50.160 --> 0:05:52.560 Bush talking about migration in nineteen eighty. 0:05:52.839 --> 0:05:53.599 Hey, I'm going to. 0:05:53.600 --> 0:05:55.040 Ask you what you would do about Cuba. 0:05:55.480 --> 0:05:56.880 But now I can hold you. 0:05:57.720 --> 0:05:59.880 Now we're going to have some questions from the audience. 0:06:01.360 --> 0:06:03.600 Yes, my name's David Grosberg, and I'd like to know 0:06:03.760 --> 0:06:05.840 do you think the children of illegal aliens should be 0:06:05.880 --> 0:06:08.839 allowed to attend Texas public schools free? Or do you 0:06:08.839 --> 0:06:10.839 think that their parents should pay for their education? 0:06:12.680 --> 0:06:13.560 Who are addressing that? 0:06:13.600 --> 0:06:14.080 To think? 0:06:15.240 --> 0:06:18.320 He was looking right at you, I said he was love. 0:06:19.520 --> 0:06:22.279 I'd like to see something done about the illegal alien 0:06:22.360 --> 0:06:25.760 problem that would be so sensitive and so understanding about 0:06:25.880 --> 0:06:28.679 labor needs and human needs that. 0:06:28.480 --> 0:06:29.760 That problem wouldn't come up. 0:06:30.080 --> 0:06:31.000 But today, if. 0:06:30.880 --> 0:06:34.839 Those people are here, I would reluctantly say I think 0:06:34.880 --> 0:06:38.160 they would get whatever it is that they're you know, 0:06:38.240 --> 0:06:39.720 what the society. 0:06:39.279 --> 0:06:41.280 Is giving to their neighbors. 0:06:41.520 --> 0:06:44.080 But it has the problem has to be solved. The 0:06:44.200 --> 0:06:48.320 problem has to be solved because as we have kind 0:06:48.360 --> 0:06:51.599 of made illegal some kinds of labor that I'd like 0:06:51.640 --> 0:06:54.520 to see legal, we're doing two things. We're creating a 0:06:54.560 --> 0:06:59.359 whole society of really honorable, decent, family loving people that 0:06:59.400 --> 0:07:02.400 are in violation of the law. And secondly, we're exacerbating 0:07:02.400 --> 0:07:06.440 relations with Mexico. The answer to your question is much 0:07:06.440 --> 0:07:10.320 more fundamental than whether they attend Houston schools. It seems 0:07:10.320 --> 0:07:12.080 to me, I don't want to see a whole if 0:07:12.080 --> 0:07:13.760 they're living here, I don't want to see a whole. 0:07:14.400 --> 0:07:14.800 I think a. 0:07:14.920 --> 0:07:18.640 Six and eight year old kids being made, you know, 0:07:18.880 --> 0:07:22.400 one totally uneducated and made to feel that they're living 0:07:22.440 --> 0:07:25.600 with outside the law. Let's address ourselves to the fundamentals. 0:07:25.680 --> 0:07:26.560 These are good. 0:07:26.360 --> 0:07:27.920 People, strong people. 0:07:28.120 --> 0:07:29.760 Part of my family is in Mexican. 0:07:30.280 --> 0:07:35.480 Then I added that I think the time has come 0:07:36.080 --> 0:07:38.960 that the United States and our neighbors, particularly our neighbor 0:07:39.000 --> 0:07:41.400 to the south, should have a better understanding and a 0:07:41.400 --> 0:07:44.080 better relationship than we've ever had. And I think but 0:07:44.240 --> 0:07:47.520 we haven't been sensitive enough to our size and our power. 0:07:47.960 --> 0:07:50.600 They have a problem of forty to fifty percent unemployment. 0:07:51.280 --> 0:07:56.440 Now this cannot continue without the possibility arising with regard 0:07:56.520 --> 0:07:58.960 to that other country that we talked about off Cuba 0:07:59.000 --> 0:08:02.000 and what it is stirring up of the possibility of 0:08:02.040 --> 0:08:04.200 trouble below the border, and we could have a very 0:08:04.240 --> 0:08:07.960 hostile and strange neighbor on our border, rather than making 0:08:08.000 --> 0:08:11.400 them or talking about putting up a fence why don't 0:08:11.400 --> 0:08:15.000 we work out some recognition of our mutual problems make 0:08:15.080 --> 0:08:17.080 it possible for them to come here legally with a 0:08:17.120 --> 0:08:20.200 work permit, and then while they're working and earning here, 0:08:20.400 --> 0:08:22.840 they pay taxes here, and when they go on to 0:08:22.880 --> 0:08:24.440 go back, they can go back, and they can cross 0:08:24.520 --> 0:08:29.080 and open the border both ways. By understanding their problem. 0:08:29.040 --> 0:08:31.640 The mutineer of border enforcement began. As far as we 0:08:31.640 --> 0:08:35.160 can pinpoint a single date with Silvestre Reyes, that then 0:08:35.240 --> 0:08:39.360 sector chief of the Border Patrol in McAllen, Texas, and 0:08:39.440 --> 0:08:43.200 his operation Hold the line the community around McAllen, who 0:08:43.240 --> 0:08:46.160 got tired of border patrol snooping around businesses and even 0:08:46.200 --> 0:08:50.680 schools in a Rio Grand Valley. Instead, Rays deployed his 0:08:50.760 --> 0:08:53.079 agents forward in a sort of human fence along the 0:08:53.160 --> 0:08:56.360 Rio Grand. Rays would later become the chief of the 0:08:56.360 --> 0:08:59.640 OPASA sector and a Democratic Congressman. He lost his seat 0:08:59.640 --> 0:09:02.160 to be to a ROK in twenty thirteen, but this 0:09:02.240 --> 0:09:05.880 strategy would long outlive his career with border patrol. The 0:09:05.960 --> 0:09:10.440 following year, on September seventeenth, nineteen ninety four, US Attorney 0:09:10.480 --> 0:09:15.200 General Janet Reno announced the start of Operation Gatekeeper. The 0:09:15.240 --> 0:09:17.560 first phase of the Operation Focus on the first five 0:09:17.640 --> 0:09:20.319 miles of the western border, including the place where I 0:09:20.320 --> 0:09:24.319 recorded all those interviews you heard earlier this week. According 0:09:24.320 --> 0:09:25.960 to a piece written a quarter of a century later 0:09:26.000 --> 0:09:28.920 in the La Times, the strategy was to deter migrants 0:09:28.920 --> 0:09:32.000 from illegally crossing in the first place, and for those 0:09:32.000 --> 0:09:35.160 who remained undeterred, to encourage him to cross in more 0:09:35.160 --> 0:09:37.720 isolated wilderness areas to the east, where they could be 0:09:37.760 --> 0:09:42.080 more easily captured. There were already fences in nineteen ninety four, 0:09:42.640 --> 0:09:45.000 first a chain link fence and then one made of 0:09:45.040 --> 0:09:48.160 helicopter landing mats left over from Vietnam that had horizontal 0:09:48.200 --> 0:09:51.560 struts that closely resembled and were used as a ladder. 0:09:52.720 --> 0:09:56.280 Anti migrant rhetoric was already there too. California Governor Pete 0:09:56.320 --> 0:09:59.319 Wilson became an outspoken advocate for Prop One eighty seven, 0:10:00.200 --> 0:10:02.920 measure that cut off state services like healthcare and education 0:10:03.240 --> 0:10:06.840 to undocumented people. Here's a clip of Wilson's re election ad. 0:10:07.280 --> 0:10:11.400 They keep coming two million illegal immigrants in California. The 0:10:11.400 --> 0:10:14.559 federal government won't stop them at the border, yet requires 0:10:14.640 --> 0:10:17.720 us to pay billions to take care of them. Governor 0:10:17.760 --> 0:10:20.920 Pete Wilson sent the National Guard to help the border patrol. 0:10:21.280 --> 0:10:22.400 But that's not all. 0:10:22.320 --> 0:10:25.840 For Californias who work hard, pay taxes and obey the laws. 0:10:26.120 --> 0:10:29.120 I'm suing to force the federal government to control the border, 0:10:29.480 --> 0:10:32.520 and I'm working to deny state services to illegal emigrants. 0:10:33.160 --> 0:10:36.040 Enough is enough, Governor Pete Wilson. 0:10:36.480 --> 0:10:39.439 Under the operation, a much higher number of agents were 0:10:39.480 --> 0:10:43.400 deployed to the border. Apprehensions increase, and with them, so 0:10:43.520 --> 0:10:47.199 did funding for border enforcement. It was around this time 0:10:47.280 --> 0:10:50.040 that the narrative around the border began to change. It 0:10:50.120 --> 0:10:52.679 was also around this time, a few months earlier in fact, 0:10:52.760 --> 0:10:55.880 that the US, Mexico, and Canada entered into the North 0:10:55.880 --> 0:10:58.920 American Free Trade Agreement, which made it easier than ever 0:10:58.960 --> 0:11:01.640 for capital to move across border and take advantage of 0:11:01.679 --> 0:11:04.600 low wages in Mexico. To learn a little bit more 0:11:04.600 --> 0:11:07.280 about Operation Gatekeeper, I spoke to one of the agents 0:11:07.280 --> 0:11:08.839 who was tasked with execution gear. 0:11:09.960 --> 0:11:12.240 My name is Jen Budd and I'm a former senior 0:11:12.280 --> 0:11:15.920 Patrol agent with the United States Boarder Patrol. I was 0:11:15.920 --> 0:11:20.439 a senior intelligence agent as well as San Diego Sector Headquarters. 0:11:20.880 --> 0:11:23.600 Jennison's left the Border Patrol, but she realizes the impact 0:11:23.600 --> 0:11:26.600 of Operation Gatekeeper on migrants was anything but positive. 0:11:27.000 --> 0:11:27.200 Yeah. 0:11:27.360 --> 0:11:30.520 Operation Gatekeeper started in nineteen ninety four, in October of 0:11:30.600 --> 0:11:34.400 nineteen ninety four, and I got to Campo in November 0:11:34.559 --> 0:11:39.839 of nineteen ninety five, and so right afterwards in the 0:11:39.920 --> 0:11:42.600 fence was just getting to pick that day when I 0:11:42.640 --> 0:11:45.800 got there. So most of my class, I think we 0:11:46.000 --> 0:11:48.520 had I don't know, forty people graduated or something. Most 0:11:48.559 --> 0:11:51.800 of them went down to Imperial Beach and they had 0:11:51.800 --> 0:11:53.640 a wall there there, and so that was the idea, 0:11:53.840 --> 0:11:57.120 is to fill the San Diego City area with as 0:11:57.160 --> 0:11:59.880 many agents and weapons and all this, and then that 0:12:00.000 --> 0:12:01.959 would push the traffic for their up to the mountains, 0:12:01.960 --> 0:12:04.640 making it more difficult for them to cross, and some 0:12:04.720 --> 0:12:06.559 of them get injured, and we knew some of them 0:12:06.559 --> 0:12:10.320 would die. So it was intentional. The death and the injuries, 0:12:10.440 --> 0:12:13.960 according to management, would deter future crosses. But of course 0:12:14.040 --> 0:12:15.640 that that's not the case. 0:12:16.200 --> 0:12:19.840 Alan Berson, US attorney in San Diego, was named the 0:12:19.840 --> 0:12:22.680 so called Borders Are by President Bill Clinton a few 0:12:22.720 --> 0:12:26.240 years later to implement that same Gatekeeper strategy across the 0:12:26.280 --> 0:12:27.160 rest of the Southwest. 0:12:27.160 --> 0:12:27.480 Border. 0:12:28.080 --> 0:12:29.680 Burst in saw things a little differently. 0:12:30.200 --> 0:12:33.560 Neither side claims it, but Gatekeeper was probably the most 0:12:33.600 --> 0:12:37.600 important domestic achievement accomplished in a purely bipartisan manner through 0:12:37.640 --> 0:12:41.760 three administrations, and the greatest accomplishment since President Eisenhower and 0:12:41.800 --> 0:12:44.160 the Democrats put together the state highway system in the 0:12:44.160 --> 0:12:45.280 mid nineteen fifties. 0:12:45.559 --> 0:12:48.480 But in fact, while apprehensions did drop in San Diego, 0:12:48.880 --> 0:12:51.280 they spiked by five hundred and ninety one percent in 0:12:51.280 --> 0:12:54.240 the Tucson sector between nineteen ninety two and two thousand 0:12:54.280 --> 0:12:58.160 and four. The La Times quotes the non partisan Congressional 0:12:58.200 --> 0:13:03.200 Research Service as saying, one unintended consequence of this enforcement 0:13:03.240 --> 0:13:06.040 posture and the shift in migration patterns has been an 0:13:06.040 --> 0:13:09.680 increase in the number of migrant deaths each year. On average, 0:13:09.840 --> 0:13:13.040 two hundred migrants died each year in the early nineteen nineties, 0:13:13.520 --> 0:13:15.920 compared with four hundred and seventy two migrant deaths in 0:13:15.960 --> 0:13:19.280 two thousand and five. Many of those deaths are now 0:13:19.280 --> 0:13:22.840 in a sector that encomasses the Autumn Reservation. The desert 0:13:22.880 --> 0:13:25.720 there is particularly hard to cross, and the enforcement that 0:13:25.760 --> 0:13:29.000 began with Operation Gatekeeper pushes more and more people onto 0:13:29.040 --> 0:13:32.680 the reservation Dahna. Autumn people used to travel between the 0:13:32.720 --> 0:13:36.479 United States and Mexico fairly easily a roads without checkpoints 0:13:36.520 --> 0:13:39.280 to visit family, go to school, visit a doctor, or 0:13:39.360 --> 0:13:43.800 perform their traditional ceremonial practices. But after nine to eleven, 0:13:43.960 --> 0:13:46.160 the United States and its Border Patrol began a more 0:13:46.240 --> 0:13:50.680 visible and violent occupation of the reservation. It started with 0:13:50.720 --> 0:13:53.200 a vehicle barrier in two thousand and seven, and it 0:13:53.240 --> 0:13:57.560 continued with CBP's quote unquote virtual wall of surveillance technology, 0:13:58.000 --> 0:14:02.200 cameras and drones. The Israeli company Elbit Systems has built 0:14:02.280 --> 0:14:05.640 fixed surveillance towers which they pioneered in the West Bank 0:14:05.880 --> 0:14:10.119 on tribal land with the permission of tribal council. Meanwhile, 0:14:10.559 --> 0:14:13.240 other members of the nation strongly oppose the militarization of 0:14:13.280 --> 0:14:16.040 their homeland in the name of security of whatever homeland 0:14:16.040 --> 0:14:19.920 the Department of Homeland Security is securing. I'll quote here 0:14:20.000 --> 0:14:21.920 from Todd Miller, whose excellent work on the border has 0:14:21.960 --> 0:14:26.280 required reading for anyone interested in the subject. Amy Juan 0:14:26.480 --> 0:14:29.120 and Nellie Joe David, members of the Horn Autumn her 0:14:29.200 --> 0:14:33.880 Magicum Writes Network. Tohrn joined a delegation to the West 0:14:33.880 --> 0:14:37.880 Bank in October twenty seventeen, convened by the Palestinian organization 0:14:37.960 --> 0:14:41.680 Stop the War. It was a relief, one says, to 0:14:41.760 --> 0:14:44.680 talk with people who understand our fears, who are dealing 0:14:44.680 --> 0:14:50.320 with militarization and technology. In twenty seventeen, to Horn Autumn 0:14:50.400 --> 0:14:53.080 vice chairman Verlin Hoose said that a war will be 0:14:53.120 --> 0:14:56.680 built quote over my dead body, and the tribe released 0:14:56.680 --> 0:14:59.440 a video saying there is no Autumn word for war. 0:15:00.040 --> 0:15:02.240 The sixty two miles of the border on their reservation 0:15:02.520 --> 0:15:06.200 would remain without one, they said. By twenty twenty, the 0:15:06.240 --> 0:15:08.400 Trump administration had fought through a wall or much of 0:15:08.440 --> 0:15:10.840 the border using what is known as the Roosevelt Reservation. 0:15:11.400 --> 0:15:13.480 This is a sixty foot wide strip of land that 0:15:13.520 --> 0:15:16.960 the federal government owns along the border in California, Arizona, 0:15:17.000 --> 0:15:20.840 and New Mexico. Although much of the Autumn Nation remains 0:15:20.840 --> 0:15:23.560 war free and somehows what's called a vehicle barrier or 0:15:23.560 --> 0:15:26.840 a normandy barrier, approximately one third of the Roosevelt Reservation 0:15:26.880 --> 0:15:30.120 is on tribal land. Since two thousand and five, realized 0:15:30.160 --> 0:15:33.080 the Act, environmental surveys and laws have been waived for 0:15:33.120 --> 0:15:36.120 border security, and this gave the Trump administration a way 0:15:36.160 --> 0:15:39.280 to justify the destruction of Autumn and Kumi burial grounds, 0:15:39.480 --> 0:15:42.800 sawad or cacti that the Autumn seas relatives, and other 0:15:42.920 --> 0:15:46.320 sacred sites along the border. Despite efforts by tribal members 0:15:46.320 --> 0:15:50.120 and allies to stop the construction, members of the Tahanna 0:15:50.160 --> 0:15:54.080 Autumn Nation have been pepper sprayed, beaten, tailed, and shot 0:15:54.120 --> 0:15:57.000 by Border patrol. In two thousand and two, a Border 0:15:57.040 --> 0:16:01.560 Patrol agent ran over and killed an Arthamn teenager. Last week, 0:16:02.000 --> 0:16:03.920 the same night I was waiting down by the border 0:16:03.920 --> 0:16:06.680 for the end of Title forty two, Border patrol agents 0:16:06.720 --> 0:16:10.080 shot and killed Raymond Mattia, an odd man who had 0:16:10.080 --> 0:16:13.040 called and asked him for help. He was shot thirty 0:16:13.080 --> 0:16:15.720 eight times just two feet from his front door, recording 0:16:15.760 --> 0:16:20.320 to his family Well, mister Mattia's death is still being investigated. 0:16:20.600 --> 0:16:23.120 The Border Patrol has a long tradition of literally getting 0:16:23.120 --> 0:16:27.200 away with murder. This is because they investigate themselves using 0:16:27.240 --> 0:16:31.040 so called critical incident teams. I talked to Jen about 0:16:31.040 --> 0:16:32.480 what those teams do, and so. 0:16:32.560 --> 0:16:34.960 What they would do is they would get there first 0:16:35.000 --> 0:16:37.160 on the scene because we would call them first. We 0:16:37.200 --> 0:16:40.160 wouldn't call anybody else. We'd call them first, and then 0:16:40.200 --> 0:16:42.440 they come. They get rid of the witnesses. They set 0:16:42.480 --> 0:16:44.920 the scene up the way we want to be done, 0:16:44.960 --> 0:16:46.960 and they tell you the narrative that you're going to 0:16:47.040 --> 0:16:49.440 stick with. You talk to your union reps, and it's 0:16:49.440 --> 0:16:50.640 all this giant cover up. 0:16:51.080 --> 0:16:54.880 Here's John Carlos Free, a journalist who covered CIIT cover ups, 0:16:55.160 --> 0:16:57.880 talking to Democracy Now about how these teams work. 0:16:58.680 --> 0:17:02.320 Within the victual agency of the US Border Patrol, there 0:17:02.360 --> 0:17:05.840 is an investigated body called SIT, the Critical Incident Team. 0:17:06.480 --> 0:17:10.040 They are tasked with investigating incidents that involve Border Patrol 0:17:10.080 --> 0:17:12.600 and it can be anything from a car accident to 0:17:12.720 --> 0:17:15.640 in this case, an individual who's killed at the hands 0:17:15.680 --> 0:17:18.679 of the US Border Patrol. In this particular case of 0:17:18.760 --> 0:17:23.520 Anastasio Hernandez Rojas, border Patrol agents deleted video, they collected 0:17:23.600 --> 0:17:26.560 evidence at the scene. They were present in the hospital 0:17:26.600 --> 0:17:30.600 when Anastasio was being treated, They were present at the autopsy. 0:17:31.359 --> 0:17:37.880 They fudged reports, they deleted reports, They coached their own 0:17:37.960 --> 0:17:40.960 agents on what kind of testimony they were to give. 0:17:41.000 --> 0:17:44.440 They were present at every one of the depositions. They 0:17:44.440 --> 0:17:47.080 made sure that they were the victims in this case. 0:17:47.080 --> 0:17:48.960 And when I say that, what I mean is that 0:17:49.040 --> 0:17:53.920 Border Patrol agents SIT team agents make sure that Border 0:17:53.920 --> 0:17:57.640 Patrol agents are looked at as the victims in any 0:17:57.680 --> 0:18:00.200 sort of an incident, meaning that they are allowed then 0:18:00.240 --> 0:18:03.320 to use lethal force if a Border Patrol agent has 0:18:03.440 --> 0:18:05.720 rocks thrown at them or in the case of Anastasio, 0:18:05.800 --> 0:18:08.960 they alleged that Anastasio was violent and that he was 0:18:09.080 --> 0:18:13.120 kicking and punching and he needed to be subdued. If 0:18:13.119 --> 0:18:15.760 we take a look at the videotape, that's not actually 0:18:15.760 --> 0:18:18.320 what happened. He's handcuffed, he's prone on the ground, his 0:18:18.440 --> 0:18:21.240 faces down, agents are on top of him. But if 0:18:21.240 --> 0:18:23.600 you read the reports in this case that were prepared 0:18:23.640 --> 0:18:26.600 by sid Anastasio was a violent man and needed to 0:18:26.600 --> 0:18:27.280 be subdued. 0:18:27.640 --> 0:18:30.439 In twenty twenty one, Border Patrol was ordered to disband 0:18:30.480 --> 0:18:33.399 these teams, but Jen says they simply moved them somewhere 0:18:33.400 --> 0:18:34.600 else and gave them a different name. 0:18:35.080 --> 0:18:37.760 So then they said that they disbanded them because we 0:18:37.840 --> 0:18:39.520 brought the truth out and how they did all this 0:18:40.080 --> 0:18:43.080 and we proved it. But what they actually did is 0:18:43.119 --> 0:18:45.560 they did a retention. So they had the Border Patrol 0:18:45.600 --> 0:18:49.240 agents resigned from the Border Patrol and move over to 0:18:49.320 --> 0:18:52.919 cbp OPR and we hired them under there so the 0:18:53.040 --> 0:18:57.639 team that likely went to go investigate the tahonum Otem killing. 0:18:58.400 --> 0:19:04.320 I believe his name is Matia, Martia Raymond Matia is 0:19:04.560 --> 0:19:08.800 likely the Border Patrol fit teams. So if the Border 0:19:08.840 --> 0:19:11.199 Patrol agents, a lot of people don't understand, it's like 0:19:11.200 --> 0:19:14.760 a coult you know. They always say you blee green, 0:19:15.119 --> 0:19:17.120 you know, and you don't go back hung green, and 0:19:17.240 --> 0:19:19.840 probably one of the few that ever left, you know, 0:19:20.119 --> 0:19:21.600 and tells the truth about it. 0:19:21.960 --> 0:19:24.640 Of Course, the vast majority of people whose families will 0:19:24.680 --> 0:19:27.720 never find justice because of these cit teams are not white, 0:19:28.359 --> 0:19:30.679 and of course Border Patrol has long rooted links to 0:19:30.680 --> 0:19:34.760 white nationalism. In nineteen seventy seven, about forty five minutes 0:19:34.800 --> 0:19:37.320 from San Diego and another forty five minutes from Komba, 0:19:37.880 --> 0:19:40.360 David Duke, grand Dragon of the Knights of the klu 0:19:40.440 --> 0:19:43.480 Klux Klan at the time, announced the official beginning of 0:19:43.600 --> 0:19:47.280 Clan Border Watch. Do you claim there were hundreds of 0:19:47.320 --> 0:19:50.200 Klansmen on the border, but local newspapers The Desert Sun 0:19:50.240 --> 0:19:53.800 reported that there were in reality at least ten are 0:19:53.840 --> 0:19:56.200 quote directly from the Desert Suns reporting at a time here, 0:19:57.280 --> 0:19:59.760 Duke said clans On would refrain from direct contact with 0:19:59.840 --> 0:20:03.000 it eagle aliens if any had found, He said. Klansmen 0:20:03.040 --> 0:20:05.959 would not talk to them or contact them, but if 0:20:06.000 --> 0:20:08.560 any illegal crossings a scene, they're going to use CBE 0:20:08.640 --> 0:20:11.440 radios to relate the information to border patrol, Duke said. 0:20:12.160 --> 0:20:16.000 Duke of Metairie, Louisiana, claimed the clan has the support 0:20:16.000 --> 0:20:18.560 of the American people in helping the border patrol stem 0:20:18.600 --> 0:20:21.920 the influx of illegal aliens into this country. He claimed, 0:20:21.960 --> 0:20:26.600 the illegal aliens take jobs away from US citizens. We 0:20:26.680 --> 0:20:29.200 feel this rising tide washing over our border is going 0:20:29.200 --> 0:20:31.680 to affect our culture, he told reporters at the time, 0:20:32.040 --> 0:20:33.800 in a statement that wouldn't sound out of place on 0:20:33.840 --> 0:20:37.160 Fox News today. In response, more than one thousand, five 0:20:37.200 --> 0:20:40.479 hundred brown Berries threatened to rally against Duke and protest 0:20:40.560 --> 0:20:42.879 far out numbering his patrols popped up along the border. 0:20:43.920 --> 0:20:46.879 In the late nineteen seventies and early nineteen eighties, Texas 0:20:46.960 --> 0:20:49.840 Knights of the KKK leader Louis Beam, a Vietnam War 0:20:49.920 --> 0:20:52.800