1 00:00:03,160 --> 00:00:06,559 Speaker 1: You're listening to Part Time Genius, a production of Kaleidoscope 2 00:00:06,720 --> 00:00:07,720 Speaker 1: and iHeartRadio. 3 00:00:11,920 --> 00:00:12,720 Speaker 2: Guess what Mango? 4 00:00:13,440 --> 00:00:14,120 Speaker 1: What's that? Will? 5 00:00:14,680 --> 00:00:17,480 Speaker 3: So I was doing some research for this week's episode. 6 00:00:17,520 --> 00:00:18,759 Speaker 3: First of all, are you proud of me? I did 7 00:00:18,840 --> 00:00:21,480 Speaker 3: some research for this week's episode like that? 8 00:00:22,000 --> 00:00:22,840 Speaker 2: Uh huh? 9 00:00:23,079 --> 00:00:25,439 Speaker 3: And I was looking up spoonerisms. Now you know what 10 00:00:25,480 --> 00:00:27,560 Speaker 3: spoonerisms are, right, Yeah. 11 00:00:27,600 --> 00:00:29,680 Speaker 1: They're like funny mixed up phrases. 12 00:00:30,120 --> 00:00:32,600 Speaker 3: Yeah, it's like when the beginning of words are confused. 13 00:00:32,640 --> 00:00:35,320 Speaker 3: So if you accidentally say I hit my bunny phone 14 00:00:35,360 --> 00:00:37,720 Speaker 3: instead of I hit my funny bone or something like that, 15 00:00:37,720 --> 00:00:40,720 Speaker 3: that's the spoonerism. But I had no idea that the 16 00:00:40,760 --> 00:00:44,159 Speaker 3: phrases are actually linked back to a real person. Like 17 00:00:44,200 --> 00:00:47,400 Speaker 3: this guy's name was Spooner. It was this lecture at Oxford. 18 00:00:47,720 --> 00:00:49,839 Speaker 3: He was also a deacon, and he was named William 19 00:00:50,000 --> 00:00:53,720 Speaker 3: Archibald Spooner. Now, apparently Spooner was a very sweet and 20 00:00:53,800 --> 00:00:57,240 Speaker 3: bright man, but a very nervous lecturer, and he would 21 00:00:57,280 --> 00:00:59,760 Speaker 3: end up standing in front of the church and saying 22 00:00:59,840 --> 00:01:02,959 Speaker 3: all sorts of these spoonerisms, like the Lord is a 23 00:01:03,000 --> 00:01:03,920 Speaker 3: shoving leopard. 24 00:01:04,000 --> 00:01:04,600 Speaker 2: Do you know what that one? 25 00:01:04,600 --> 00:01:07,280 Speaker 1: Would be a spoonerism for loving shepherd. 26 00:01:07,480 --> 00:01:08,679 Speaker 2: That's exactly right. 27 00:01:08,720 --> 00:01:11,320 Speaker 3: And apparently he once gave a toast to the Queer 28 00:01:11,360 --> 00:01:14,160 Speaker 3: Old Dean when he actually, of course meant dear old Queen. 29 00:01:14,280 --> 00:01:17,679 Speaker 3: It's an unfortunate stumble there, but for whatever reason, the 30 00:01:17,720 --> 00:01:20,760 Speaker 3: memory of his gaffes have persisted, and despite living a 31 00:01:20,800 --> 00:01:23,479 Speaker 3: full life, the only thing he's remembered for are these 32 00:01:23,640 --> 00:01:27,080 Speaker 3: linguistic fumbles. But reading about Spooner made me think of 33 00:01:27,160 --> 00:01:29,440 Speaker 3: all the other common words that you might not know 34 00:01:29,720 --> 00:01:33,479 Speaker 3: or actually named for real people, like Nacho's named after 35 00:01:33,520 --> 00:01:37,720 Speaker 3: a chef called Ignacio or Dunce, which was this Scottish 36 00:01:37,720 --> 00:01:41,080 Speaker 3: philosopher whose theories were later ridiculed. And I know you've 37 00:01:41,120 --> 00:01:43,120 Speaker 3: researched a whole bunch of these, so I feel like 38 00:01:43,120 --> 00:01:43,880 Speaker 3: we should dive in. 39 00:01:44,480 --> 00:01:48,200 Speaker 1: Yeah I did research too, but maybe, in the words 40 00:01:48,200 --> 00:01:52,840 Speaker 1: of William Archibald Spooner himself, let's get this stow sharded. 41 00:01:54,280 --> 00:02:18,799 Speaker 4: You've been saying that went up, Well done. Hey there, 42 00:02:18,840 --> 00:02:21,680 Speaker 4: podcast listeners, welcome to Part Time Genius. I'm Will Pearson 43 00:02:21,760 --> 00:02:23,800 Speaker 4: and as always I'm here with my good friend Mangesh 44 00:02:23,800 --> 00:02:27,239 Speaker 4: hot Ticketter and sitting behind that big booth just relaxing 45 00:02:27,320 --> 00:02:30,440 Speaker 4: to the max, and he's wearing big sunglasses, he's got 46 00:02:30,520 --> 00:02:33,320 Speaker 4: a beach hat on, he's got this big. 47 00:02:33,080 --> 00:02:35,840 Speaker 3: Fan playing and little hair blowing in the wind. He's 48 00:02:35,840 --> 00:02:39,120 Speaker 3: got his feet kicked up on the desk, and he's drinking. 49 00:02:39,440 --> 00:02:42,720 Speaker 3: I think that's a pinaclet. If I'm not mistaken, that 50 00:02:42,840 --> 00:02:45,560 Speaker 3: is our good friend Dylan. Now, Mango, do you know 51 00:02:45,600 --> 00:02:48,320 Speaker 3: why he's looking like vacation Dylan over there? He does 52 00:02:48,400 --> 00:02:50,560 Speaker 3: know he's supposed to be recording this episode, right. 53 00:02:50,840 --> 00:02:52,760 Speaker 1: He told me he's trying to prove that he's so 54 00:02:52,919 --> 00:02:55,960 Speaker 1: relaxed so that we'll start using his name as an eponym. 55 00:02:56,040 --> 00:02:58,400 Speaker 1: I think he wants to turn Dylan into a verb 56 00:02:58,480 --> 00:03:02,080 Speaker 1: for being ultra chill, Like, how are you doing this week? Oh, 57 00:03:02,160 --> 00:03:03,720 Speaker 1: I'm straight dylaning over here? 58 00:03:03,919 --> 00:03:06,359 Speaker 3: Okay, yeah, I don't know if I'm seeing that one 59 00:03:06,400 --> 00:03:07,680 Speaker 3: take off, but mercy. 60 00:03:08,720 --> 00:03:10,800 Speaker 1: Yeah, that's why I told him to like stop trying 61 00:03:10,800 --> 00:03:14,160 Speaker 1: to make Dylan happen Dylan. Uh. But by that point 62 00:03:14,200 --> 00:03:16,560 Speaker 1: he'd already bought a beach chair and covered the studio 63 00:03:16,600 --> 00:03:17,480 Speaker 1: florenceand and. 64 00:03:17,400 --> 00:03:19,000 Speaker 2: Whatever he got to commit. 65 00:03:20,440 --> 00:03:22,280 Speaker 1: But how about we get started on our list of 66 00:03:22,280 --> 00:03:25,200 Speaker 1: epinems with someone who is the total opposite of Dylan. 67 00:03:25,560 --> 00:03:28,080 Speaker 1: A man who is the wrong person in the wrong 68 00:03:28,200 --> 00:03:31,200 Speaker 1: place at the wrong time, who also did all the 69 00:03:31,240 --> 00:03:35,120 Speaker 1: wrong things. A man named Charles Cunningham Boycott, who of 70 00:03:35,160 --> 00:03:37,040 Speaker 1: course give us the word boycott. 71 00:03:37,560 --> 00:03:39,120 Speaker 3: That's a fun one, all right. Well, tell me a 72 00:03:39,160 --> 00:03:40,600 Speaker 3: little bit about mister Boycott. 73 00:03:41,240 --> 00:03:44,440 Speaker 1: Yeah. Charlie Boycott, or Chaz as I call him, was 74 00:03:44,480 --> 00:03:47,640 Speaker 1: a retired British Army officer who moved to Ireland in 75 00:03:47,680 --> 00:03:50,440 Speaker 1: the late eighteen hundreds to become a land agent. And 76 00:03:50,680 --> 00:03:52,560 Speaker 1: if you don't know, a land agent is basically like 77 00:03:52,600 --> 00:03:56,720 Speaker 1: a property manager, but kind of an enforcer for landowners. 78 00:03:56,760 --> 00:03:59,640 Speaker 1: So he was in charge of forcing tenant farmers to 79 00:03:59,640 --> 00:04:03,160 Speaker 1: pay rent and evicting them when they didn't, which is 80 00:04:03,680 --> 00:04:07,920 Speaker 1: obviously a very unpopular job. But to add to all that, 81 00:04:08,200 --> 00:04:10,880 Speaker 1: his timing was not great. He got into the gig 82 00:04:10,960 --> 00:04:14,480 Speaker 1: right around the time of rising Irish nationalism and at 83 00:04:14,480 --> 00:04:17,120 Speaker 1: a time when tenant farmers had started to organize into 84 00:04:17,160 --> 00:04:20,279 Speaker 1: something called the Land League. And at the time the 85 00:04:20,279 --> 00:04:23,560 Speaker 1: farmers were tired of being exploited and it had come 86 00:04:23,640 --> 00:04:26,599 Speaker 1: to a head. So farmers wanted fair rent. They also 87 00:04:26,720 --> 00:04:29,160 Speaker 1: wanted some sense of stability, like They didn't want to 88 00:04:29,160 --> 00:04:30,920 Speaker 1: be kicked off the land if they had paid their 89 00:04:30,920 --> 00:04:33,039 Speaker 1: rent on time, and they wanted to be able to 90 00:04:33,040 --> 00:04:35,360 Speaker 1: sell their opportunity to work the land to other tenant 91 00:04:35,360 --> 00:04:38,760 Speaker 1: farmers without any sort of interference for the landlords. You know, 92 00:04:38,839 --> 00:04:41,679 Speaker 1: all things that feel pretty fair. But in eighteen eighty, 93 00:04:41,800 --> 00:04:45,960 Speaker 1: when Boycott decided to evict eleven tenant farmers, things really 94 00:04:46,040 --> 00:04:49,479 Speaker 1: hit the fan. The Land League encouraged anyone working for 95 00:04:49,560 --> 00:04:51,920 Speaker 1: Boycott to stop working for him, and they froze him 96 00:04:51,920 --> 00:04:54,120 Speaker 1: out of the community in this big way, with shops 97 00:04:54,160 --> 00:04:55,200 Speaker 1: refusing to serve. 98 00:04:55,000 --> 00:04:57,200 Speaker 2: Him, so they basically boycotted him. 99 00:04:57,520 --> 00:04:59,880 Speaker 1: Yeah, they also gave him the silent treatment by not 100 00:05:00,080 --> 00:05:03,000 Speaker 1: talking to him, which you know, maybe would have blown 101 00:05:03,000 --> 00:05:05,520 Speaker 1: over eventually. But the reason we know all about this 102 00:05:05,800 --> 00:05:08,320 Speaker 1: is because Boycott decided to take his woes to the 103 00:05:08,360 --> 00:05:13,160 Speaker 1: English press, which escalated the whole thing drastically. He wrote 104 00:05:13,160 --> 00:05:15,600 Speaker 1: a letter from Ireland to publicize the wrongs being done 105 00:05:15,640 --> 00:05:17,400 Speaker 1: to him, and this is all from a site called 106 00:05:17,440 --> 00:05:21,320 Speaker 1: Irish Central, But here are a few excerpts from his letter. Sir. 107 00:05:21,520 --> 00:05:24,080 Speaker 1: The following detail may be interesting to your readers. Is 108 00:05:24,200 --> 00:05:27,720 Speaker 1: exemplifying the power of the Land League. My shepherd has 109 00:05:27,720 --> 00:05:30,160 Speaker 1: been frightened into giving up his employment, though he has 110 00:05:30,200 --> 00:05:32,120 Speaker 1: refused to give up the house he held for me. 111 00:05:32,680 --> 00:05:35,200 Speaker 1: My blacksmith has received a letter threatening him if he 112 00:05:35,240 --> 00:05:37,840 Speaker 1: does any more work for me. My lawn dress has 113 00:05:37,880 --> 00:05:40,560 Speaker 1: also been ordered to give up my washing, so already 114 00:05:40,600 --> 00:05:44,800 Speaker 1: he has dirty clothes, no blacksmithing, and his sheep are 115 00:05:44,839 --> 00:05:48,640 Speaker 1: running astray. A little boy twelve years of age, who 116 00:05:48,680 --> 00:05:50,919 Speaker 1: carried my post bag to and from the neighboring town, 117 00:05:51,279 --> 00:05:54,039 Speaker 1: was struck in order to desist from his work, since 118 00:05:54,080 --> 00:05:56,360 Speaker 1: which time I've sent my little nephew for my letters, 119 00:05:56,360 --> 00:05:58,960 Speaker 1: and even he, on the second October, was stopped on 120 00:05:59,000 --> 00:06:00,960 Speaker 1: the road and threatened if he continue to act as 121 00:06:00,960 --> 00:06:03,840 Speaker 1: my messenger. The shopkeepers have been warned to stop all 122 00:06:03,880 --> 00:06:06,360 Speaker 1: supplies to my house. And I've just received a message 123 00:06:06,400 --> 00:06:09,080 Speaker 1: from the postmistress to say that the telegraph messenger was 124 00:06:09,120 --> 00:06:11,640 Speaker 1: stopped and threatened on the road when bringing me a message. 125 00:06:11,680 --> 00:06:13,839 Speaker 1: So you know things aren't going so well. 126 00:06:13,880 --> 00:06:14,400 Speaker 2: Seriously. 127 00:06:14,480 --> 00:06:17,359 Speaker 1: In addition to all this, he says, my farm is 128 00:06:17,360 --> 00:06:20,839 Speaker 1: public property. The people wander over it with impunity. My 129 00:06:20,960 --> 00:06:24,400 Speaker 1: crops are trampled upon, carried away in quantities. The locks 130 00:06:24,400 --> 00:06:27,120 Speaker 1: on my gates are smashed. I can get no workmen 131 00:06:27,200 --> 00:06:31,000 Speaker 1: to do anything, and my ruin is openly avowed unless 132 00:06:31,040 --> 00:06:33,600 Speaker 1: I throw up everything and leave the country. 133 00:06:33,800 --> 00:06:34,240 Speaker 2: Wow. 134 00:06:34,920 --> 00:06:37,839 Speaker 1: Yeah, So obviously things are not going great for Boycott, 135 00:06:37,880 --> 00:06:41,200 Speaker 1: but his publicizing the situation worked in a way. It 136 00:06:41,240 --> 00:06:44,400 Speaker 1: became this major story in the English press, and the 137 00:06:44,480 --> 00:06:47,719 Speaker 1: Daily Express, Daily Telegraph and all these other papers raised 138 00:06:47,720 --> 00:06:51,279 Speaker 1: funds to send farmers to harvest this crops, and also 139 00:06:51,640 --> 00:06:54,440 Speaker 1: newspapers sent a whole mess of correspondence over to cover 140 00:06:54,520 --> 00:06:57,599 Speaker 1: the story, and more than a thousand men from the 141 00:06:57,680 --> 00:07:01,640 Speaker 1: Royal Irish Constibulary were lloyd to protect the harvesters. So 142 00:07:01,839 --> 00:07:04,480 Speaker 1: in the end the episode was blown totally out of proportion, 143 00:07:04,800 --> 00:07:08,520 Speaker 1: and it cost over ten thousand pounds to harvest about 144 00:07:08,680 --> 00:07:12,320 Speaker 1: five hundred pounds worth of crops. Anyway, the whole thing 145 00:07:12,360 --> 00:07:15,400 Speaker 1: was a disaster, and Boycott left Ireland on December first, 146 00:07:15,480 --> 00:07:18,520 Speaker 1: eighteen eighty in disgrace, and his name became forever linked 147 00:07:18,560 --> 00:07:21,800 Speaker 1: to any campaign to bring down a tyrant. And in 148 00:07:21,840 --> 00:07:23,680 Speaker 1: the end, the peasants gained a lot of power from 149 00:07:23,720 --> 00:07:25,920 Speaker 1: wielding the boycott, and by the end of eighteen eighty 150 00:07:25,960 --> 00:07:29,800 Speaker 1: the tactic was being used all over Ireland against the British. 151 00:07:29,640 --> 00:07:31,920 Speaker 2: Man makes it feel bad for Charles Boycott. 152 00:07:31,960 --> 00:07:34,800 Speaker 1: There it sounds like he deserved it. But you know, 153 00:07:34,960 --> 00:07:37,400 Speaker 1: the silent treatment part is the hardest and probably hurt his. 154 00:07:37,440 --> 00:07:39,200 Speaker 2: Feelings the most. So that's rough. 155 00:07:40,840 --> 00:07:42,040 Speaker 1: So what's next from you? 156 00:07:42,840 --> 00:07:43,200 Speaker 2: All right? 157 00:07:43,240 --> 00:07:45,920 Speaker 3: Well, I want to talk about my favorite part of 158 00:07:46,040 --> 00:07:48,200 Speaker 3: ice hockey. You know, I know nothing about hockey. So 159 00:07:48,280 --> 00:07:51,360 Speaker 3: my favorite part is, of course the Zamboni, which comes 160 00:07:51,400 --> 00:07:53,920 Speaker 3: to us from one Frank Zamboni. 161 00:07:54,480 --> 00:07:56,720 Speaker 1: Oh I love it. Tell me more, all right. 162 00:07:56,640 --> 00:07:59,480 Speaker 3: So this mostly comes to us from Smithsonian. But Frank's 163 00:07:59,520 --> 00:08:03,440 Speaker 3: story starts in nineteen oh one. He's born to Italian immigrants. 164 00:08:03,520 --> 00:08:06,080 Speaker 3: This is in Utah. The family moves around a bit. 165 00:08:06,160 --> 00:08:08,760 Speaker 3: They go to Idaho and then they settle in California, 166 00:08:09,200 --> 00:08:12,400 Speaker 3: and they're mostly doing work on farms. And so Frank 167 00:08:12,440 --> 00:08:15,640 Speaker 3: and his brothers are pretty mechanical. They're early teens. They 168 00:08:15,920 --> 00:08:18,800 Speaker 3: start doing work like tuning up tractors and fixing up 169 00:08:18,840 --> 00:08:23,240 Speaker 3: baling machines, and also things like drilling wells, installing water pumps. 170 00:08:23,240 --> 00:08:25,600 Speaker 3: I mean, you know, very handy guys. And then at 171 00:08:25,640 --> 00:08:27,680 Speaker 3: some point in the nineteen twenties or so, Frank and 172 00:08:27,720 --> 00:08:30,880 Speaker 3: his brother Lawrence start an ice making plant, which is 173 00:08:30,960 --> 00:08:33,520 Speaker 3: really important for farmers in agriculture. Now, you have to 174 00:08:33,559 --> 00:08:36,839 Speaker 3: remember crops are being shipped by railroad and they need 175 00:08:36,880 --> 00:08:41,000 Speaker 3: these massive ice blocks for refrigeration. So they're producing three 176 00:08:41,120 --> 00:08:45,280 Speaker 3: hundred pounds slabs of this ice. So it's really big operation. Yeah, 177 00:08:45,320 --> 00:08:48,280 Speaker 3: it really is, and they're actually doing pretty well with it. Now, 178 00:08:48,360 --> 00:08:51,520 Speaker 3: this was up until the mid nineteen thirties when electrical 179 00:08:51,600 --> 00:08:56,520 Speaker 3: fridges and commercial refrigerations start hitting the railroad cars. So 180 00:08:56,559 --> 00:08:59,680 Speaker 3: Frank and Lawrence sell their business nineteen thirty nine and 181 00:08:59,720 --> 00:09:03,120 Speaker 3: they decide to do something fun with it. They decide 182 00:09:03,160 --> 00:09:06,600 Speaker 3: to start an ice skating rink right across from their plant, 183 00:09:06,679 --> 00:09:10,959 Speaker 3: which becomes super popular. They call it Iceland Skating Rink. Now, 184 00:09:10,960 --> 00:09:14,040 Speaker 3: the only thing is the rink ice gets damaged pretty easily. 185 00:09:14,240 --> 00:09:17,360 Speaker 3: It's about three fourths of an inch thick, and replaning 186 00:09:17,360 --> 00:09:19,400 Speaker 3: it takes a whole lot of efforts. You need these 187 00:09:19,440 --> 00:09:23,360 Speaker 3: hoses and squeegees and planing tools and takes about an 188 00:09:23,400 --> 00:09:26,520 Speaker 3: hour and a half to resurface the entire rink. And 189 00:09:26,559 --> 00:09:30,400 Speaker 3: that's if five people are working really hard to do it. Now, 190 00:09:30,480 --> 00:09:32,959 Speaker 3: what Frank realized is that he was paying five or 191 00:09:33,000 --> 00:09:35,680 Speaker 3: six people to stand around with nothing to do until 192 00:09:35,679 --> 00:09:40,120 Speaker 3: the next resurfacing. So that's when Frank starts tinkering. He 193 00:09:40,160 --> 00:09:43,560 Speaker 3: buys a tractor, makes all these little modifications to it, 194 00:09:43,920 --> 00:09:47,760 Speaker 3: and by nineteen forty nine he has a Zamboni Model A, 195 00:09:48,400 --> 00:09:51,800 Speaker 3: which can resurface a twenty thousand foot rink in about 196 00:09:51,920 --> 00:09:52,920 Speaker 3: ten minutes. 197 00:09:53,280 --> 00:09:57,360 Speaker 1: That is insane. So I know what a zamboni is, 198 00:09:57,760 --> 00:10:00,160 Speaker 1: but also I have no idea what it's doing. When 199 00:10:00,200 --> 00:10:02,839 Speaker 1: it's sort of like driving around the ice, cant can 200 00:10:02,880 --> 00:10:03,560 Speaker 1: you walk us through it? 201 00:10:04,000 --> 00:10:04,200 Speaker 4: Right? 202 00:10:04,440 --> 00:10:06,120 Speaker 3: I like how you asked the guy from Alabama, but 203 00:10:06,200 --> 00:10:08,600 Speaker 3: I have had no idea what a zamboni is doing. 204 00:10:08,640 --> 00:10:11,640 Speaker 3: But I can tell you how the Smithsonian describes it. 205 00:10:11,679 --> 00:10:12,760 Speaker 2: So here's what it says. 206 00:10:13,360 --> 00:10:17,000 Speaker 3: A conditioner mounted behind the rear wheels, contains a blade 207 00:10:17,320 --> 00:10:21,000 Speaker 3: that shaves the ice, an augur that collects those shavings, 208 00:10:21,440 --> 00:10:24,880 Speaker 3: a vacuum that sucks up dirty water, and sprayers that 209 00:10:24,960 --> 00:10:28,320 Speaker 3: then lay down a fresh coat of water filling the cracks. 210 00:10:28,600 --> 00:10:30,920 Speaker 3: Now behind all that is a squeegee, so in a 211 00:10:30,960 --> 00:10:34,320 Speaker 3: single pass the machine can complete what was once a 212 00:10:34,480 --> 00:10:36,160 Speaker 3: five person process. 213 00:10:37,040 --> 00:10:39,320 Speaker 1: That's amazing, and I love that there's a squeege as 214 00:10:39,400 --> 00:10:39,920 Speaker 1: part of it. 215 00:10:40,000 --> 00:10:41,760 Speaker 2: Yeah, pretty brilliant. 216 00:10:41,760 --> 00:10:43,560 Speaker 3: You're right, there's something about a squeegee that it's just 217 00:10:43,600 --> 00:10:48,360 Speaker 3: so super satisfying. And the principles of the zamboni actually 218 00:10:48,440 --> 00:10:51,960 Speaker 3: haven't changed that much since it was first and vented. Anyway, 219 00:10:52,000 --> 00:10:55,480 Speaker 3: in nineteen fifty four, the zamboni debuts and the NHL 220 00:10:55,559 --> 00:10:59,040 Speaker 3: this was in Boston. By nineteen fifty seven, the NCAA 221 00:10:59,200 --> 00:11:02,600 Speaker 3: is using them. By nineteen sixties. Zamboni's get used in 222 00:11:02,640 --> 00:11:04,760 Speaker 3: the Winter Olympics, so they really caught on. 223 00:11:05,480 --> 00:11:08,000 Speaker 1: That's pretty amazing. So I don't know if you know this, 224 00:11:08,120 --> 00:11:10,720 Speaker 1: but like, if I wanted to get a zamboni, do 225 00:11:10,760 --> 00:11:12,520 Speaker 1: you know how much it would set me back? 226 00:11:13,120 --> 00:11:15,200 Speaker 3: I do think it's funny that, if I'm not mistaken, 227 00:11:15,240 --> 00:11:16,680 Speaker 3: I don't think you know how to ice skate. So 228 00:11:16,720 --> 00:11:18,640 Speaker 3: it's sort of a funny question for you to be asking. 229 00:11:18,760 --> 00:11:21,640 Speaker 1: But you don't know what I want a zamboni for. 230 00:11:22,080 --> 00:11:24,120 Speaker 3: True, You're right, I don't actually don't know. 231 00:11:25,280 --> 00:11:27,160 Speaker 1: I just want to put it on like concrete blocks 232 00:11:27,160 --> 00:11:31,000 Speaker 1: in my front yard where, you know, give it away 233 00:11:31,000 --> 00:11:33,960 Speaker 1: as a graduation present to my nephew who does play hockey. 234 00:11:34,040 --> 00:11:38,040 Speaker 3: That would be an amazing graduation present and very value 235 00:11:38,040 --> 00:11:41,440 Speaker 3: one because it's a pretty expensive graduation. Give Zamboni's go 236 00:11:41,559 --> 00:11:44,920 Speaker 3: for about one to two hundred thousand dollars. This depends 237 00:11:44,920 --> 00:11:46,880 Speaker 3: on how much you want to trick it out, and 238 00:11:46,920 --> 00:11:50,600 Speaker 3: that's partially because the machines are actually all hand built, 239 00:11:51,000 --> 00:11:53,719 Speaker 3: whether that's coming from their California factory, either won in 240 00:11:53,840 --> 00:11:57,720 Speaker 3: Ontario or the factory they've got in Sweden. But what's 241 00:11:57,760 --> 00:12:01,240 Speaker 3: interesting is that Frank Zamboni is not a one trick pony. 242 00:12:01,360 --> 00:12:04,480 Speaker 3: He invented a whole bunch of other machines, including a 243 00:12:04,520 --> 00:12:08,760 Speaker 3: milk tank, pasteurizer, a track cleaner for NASCAR, among other things. 244 00:12:08,800 --> 00:12:12,480 Speaker 3: But it's the Zamboni machine that has made him a legend, 245 00:12:12,880 --> 00:12:16,720 Speaker 3: which is especially great because Frank Zamboni never enjoyed ice skating. 246 00:12:16,720 --> 00:12:17,720 Speaker 3: I thought that was interesting. 247 00:12:19,080 --> 00:12:21,680 Speaker 1: I mean, I'd rather drive a tractor than ice skate tunes. 248 00:12:22,040 --> 00:12:22,560 Speaker 2: That's right. 249 00:12:23,679 --> 00:12:26,760 Speaker 1: So here's a quick one. And it's actually an epinem 250 00:12:26,840 --> 00:12:30,280 Speaker 1: name for the wrong person, which is the guillotine. Speaking 251 00:12:30,280 --> 00:12:32,360 Speaker 1: of which, before we get to doctor Guillotine, did you 252 00:12:32,520 --> 00:12:35,040 Speaker 1: watch the Olympics opening ceremonies this week at all? 253 00:12:35,160 --> 00:12:35,559 Speaker 2: Did I? 254 00:12:35,559 --> 00:12:37,560 Speaker 3: I watched, and then I had to go back and 255 00:12:37,600 --> 00:12:39,839 Speaker 3: be like, what was it that I just watched? 256 00:12:39,880 --> 00:12:41,120 Speaker 2: I mean, you had the. 257 00:12:41,160 --> 00:12:44,839 Speaker 3: Of course incredible and touching moments like Celine Dion. The 258 00:12:45,400 --> 00:12:48,800 Speaker 3: whole hot air balloon thing was cool, but like I mean, 259 00:12:48,880 --> 00:12:51,479 Speaker 3: I did not see it coming. The whole like headless 260 00:12:51,480 --> 00:12:55,120 Speaker 3: singer and that just the beheaded singer rather and the 261 00:12:55,160 --> 00:12:57,960 Speaker 3: weird minions running around. Just the whole thing was so 262 00:12:58,280 --> 00:13:01,360 Speaker 3: fricking weird. But it was all so much fun to watch, 263 00:13:02,440 --> 00:13:02,760 Speaker 3: I know. 264 00:13:03,000 --> 00:13:05,960 Speaker 1: I saw this argument on x or Twitter where someone 265 00:13:06,080 --> 00:13:08,480 Speaker 1: was saying to John Green, our friend and the writer, 266 00:13:09,120 --> 00:13:12,120 Speaker 1: that the Beijing Olympics opener was so much better, and 267 00:13:12,559 --> 00:13:15,679 Speaker 1: he wrote, respectfully, the choreography is good, but there were 268 00:13:15,679 --> 00:13:19,640 Speaker 1: no threesomes, no minions, no decapitated dictator spouses, no rain, 269 00:13:19,760 --> 00:13:22,520 Speaker 1: no heavy metal music, and no being thirty minutes late 270 00:13:22,559 --> 00:13:24,640 Speaker 1: to light the torch because you're French. 271 00:13:25,600 --> 00:13:27,200 Speaker 2: That's right, That's accurate. 272 00:13:27,760 --> 00:13:31,560 Speaker 1: Which I love. So back to doctor Guillotine. The story 273 00:13:31,679 --> 00:13:35,760 Speaker 1: I'd heard was that this Parisian doctor, Joseph Thickness Gillotine 274 00:13:35,800 --> 00:13:38,040 Speaker 1: had invented the guillotine and pushed for it as this 275 00:13:38,080 --> 00:13:41,120 Speaker 1: more humane way to execute people during the French Revolution 276 00:13:41,679 --> 00:13:45,600 Speaker 1: and all of that is partially true. So Guillotine was 277 00:13:45,640 --> 00:13:48,319 Speaker 1: a major advocate for the machine because it was swift 278 00:13:48,559 --> 00:13:51,320 Speaker 1: and allowed the accused to die with a shred of dignity. 279 00:13:51,360 --> 00:13:53,800 Speaker 1: As he put it, when he lobbied for the guillotine, 280 00:13:53,840 --> 00:13:55,800 Speaker 1: he said, it can cut off your head in the 281 00:13:55,840 --> 00:13:57,840 Speaker 1: twinkling of an eye, and you never even feel it, 282 00:13:58,080 --> 00:14:01,280 Speaker 1: so unlike things like hanging or burning people to the stake, 283 00:14:01,440 --> 00:14:05,160 Speaker 1: or even using an executioner and an axe, which sometimes 284 00:14:05,160 --> 00:14:07,640 Speaker 1: didn't get the job done on the first chop. You know, 285 00:14:08,000 --> 00:14:10,840 Speaker 1: Guillotine was looking for something much more humane. But the 286 00:14:10,880 --> 00:14:13,600 Speaker 1: thing is he was little more than an advocate. The 287 00:14:13,640 --> 00:14:16,680 Speaker 1: first National razor, as it was nicknamed, was actually designed 288 00:14:16,679 --> 00:14:19,960 Speaker 1: by another doctor from France's Academy of Surgery. This doctor 289 00:14:20,080 --> 00:14:24,640 Speaker 1: named Antoine Lewis, and the machine was initially called the Luizette, 290 00:14:25,120 --> 00:14:28,800 Speaker 1: but as the Revolution ensued and France took up Guillotine's suggestion, 291 00:14:29,200 --> 00:14:32,080 Speaker 1: the machine took on Guillotine's name. But this part is 292 00:14:32,080 --> 00:14:35,160 Speaker 1: really interesting to me. According to mental class, Guillotine was 293 00:14:35,240 --> 00:14:37,680 Speaker 1: horrified by all the bodies that piled up from it, 294 00:14:38,080 --> 00:14:41,160 Speaker 1: and he was quote very distressed at the association, and 295 00:14:41,240 --> 00:14:44,120 Speaker 1: when he died in eighteen fourteen, his family petitioned the 296 00:14:44,120 --> 00:14:47,040 Speaker 1: French government to change the name of the hated machine. 297 00:14:47,760 --> 00:14:50,160 Speaker 1: But when the government refused to do that, Guillotine's family 298 00:14:50,240 --> 00:14:53,520 Speaker 1: actually changed their name to distance themselves from the phenomena. 299 00:14:53,520 --> 00:14:55,880 Speaker 1: And if you look it up, like what did Guillotine's 300 00:14:55,880 --> 00:14:58,960 Speaker 1: family change his name to, it's really hard to find. 301 00:14:59,400 --> 00:15:02,560 Speaker 3: Wow, all these origins are so interesting. I just love 302 00:15:02,640 --> 00:15:06,000 Speaker 3: this topic. Yeah, here's another one that's a little dubious 303 00:15:06,040 --> 00:15:08,720 Speaker 3: and shouldn't be named for the person that's actually named after. 304 00:15:08,800 --> 00:15:12,000 Speaker 3: But did you know that salmonella is named after America's 305 00:15:12,040 --> 00:15:14,440 Speaker 3: first doctor of veterinary medicine. 306 00:15:14,440 --> 00:15:16,760 Speaker 2: This was Daniel E. Salmon. Did you know this? 307 00:15:16,960 --> 00:15:19,920 Speaker 1: No, I had no idea, But it should. 308 00:15:19,560 --> 00:15:22,960 Speaker 3: Be named for a pathologist named Theobald Smith. This is 309 00:15:23,000 --> 00:15:26,240 Speaker 3: all coming from the NIH site. Smith was the son 310 00:15:26,320 --> 00:15:28,720 Speaker 3: of a German immigrant and a tailor, and Smith grew 311 00:15:28,760 --> 00:15:32,120 Speaker 3: up relatively poor in Albany, New York, but based on 312 00:15:32,200 --> 00:15:35,200 Speaker 3: his early brilliance, he earned this full ride to Cornell, 313 00:15:35,520 --> 00:15:39,280 Speaker 3: where he studies philosophy and later some medicine, but really 314 00:15:39,440 --> 00:15:43,880 Speaker 3: was fascinated by bacteriology. And after he graduates, he doesn't 315 00:15:43,920 --> 00:15:45,880 Speaker 3: have the money to travel to Europe to study with 316 00:15:45,920 --> 00:15:49,480 Speaker 3: Pasteur or other leading scientists in this field. So he 317 00:15:49,560 --> 00:15:53,280 Speaker 3: joins something called the Bureau of Animal Industry. But because 318 00:15:53,280 --> 00:15:55,680 Speaker 3: he can read French and German, this gives him a 319 00:15:55,720 --> 00:15:58,480 Speaker 3: really big leg up in this process. And so in 320 00:15:58,520 --> 00:16:02,120 Speaker 3: eighteen eighty five, is trying to curb various epidemics that 321 00:16:02,160 --> 00:16:05,440 Speaker 3: are inflicting farm animals and at the time he's trying 322 00:16:05,480 --> 00:16:08,760 Speaker 3: to figure out what was causing hog cholera. And he 323 00:16:08,960 --> 00:16:13,960 Speaker 3: ends up isolating and identifying this bacteria known as salmonella. 324 00:16:14,080 --> 00:16:17,280 Speaker 3: But before it can be named, his supervisor, Daniel Salmon, 325 00:16:17,360 --> 00:16:20,880 Speaker 3: swoops in and takes credit for himself. In fact, he 326 00:16:20,960 --> 00:16:24,360 Speaker 3: published a paper on the topic. So Salmon doesn't name 327 00:16:24,480 --> 00:16:26,600 Speaker 3: Smith at all in this whole process. 328 00:16:27,320 --> 00:16:30,200 Speaker 1: That is insane. First of all, it's insane that he's 329 00:16:30,240 --> 00:16:32,520 Speaker 1: figuring out this whole thing around the time of the 330 00:16:32,560 --> 00:16:37,160 Speaker 1: Civil War, right, I mean, that's so early. But you know, 331 00:16:37,280 --> 00:16:39,840 Speaker 1: does Smith stay bitter about the whole thing? Does he 332 00:16:39,920 --> 00:16:42,120 Speaker 1: try to get semonella renamed? You know? 333 00:16:42,320 --> 00:16:42,880 Speaker 2: Not really. 334 00:16:42,920 --> 00:16:45,720 Speaker 3: He's kind of this humble genius who cared more about 335 00:16:45,760 --> 00:16:48,360 Speaker 3: his work. So he continues to work with Salmon, and 336 00:16:48,760 --> 00:16:52,280 Speaker 3: together they discover that injecting dead bacteria and animals can 337 00:16:52,360 --> 00:16:55,480 Speaker 3: create immunity from diseases. He ends up coming up with 338 00:16:55,520 --> 00:16:58,760 Speaker 3: the idea for cattle dips to kill ticks and stop 339 00:16:58,800 --> 00:17:02,760 Speaker 3: these cattle fevers. He works on bovine tb comes up 340 00:17:02,800 --> 00:17:06,800 Speaker 3: with a vaccine for diphtheria. Actually theorizes that mosquitos are 341 00:17:06,840 --> 00:17:10,120 Speaker 3: the vector from Lari. I mean, truly just a brilliant guy. 342 00:17:10,119 --> 00:17:12,920 Speaker 3: He is kind of a remarkable scientist and should definitely 343 00:17:12,920 --> 00:17:14,040 Speaker 3: be better known than he is. 344 00:17:14,960 --> 00:17:16,960 Speaker 1: I mean, in some ways, it's kind of fitting that 345 00:17:17,000 --> 00:17:22,320 Speaker 1: seminella makes us sick and he's not associated with that. 346 00:17:22,320 --> 00:17:24,200 Speaker 3: That's actually a good way to think about it. I'll 347 00:17:24,240 --> 00:17:26,280 Speaker 3: feel okay about it. And I'm sort of sad he 348 00:17:26,359 --> 00:17:28,679 Speaker 3: was robbed, but I feel good about it. So what 349 00:17:28,720 --> 00:17:29,320 Speaker 3: do you have next? 350 00:17:30,400 --> 00:17:32,760 Speaker 1: Well, here's one on the opposite side of the spectrum, 351 00:17:32,800 --> 00:17:36,199 Speaker 1: someone who gave credit to the original innovator. It's for 352 00:17:36,400 --> 00:17:39,359 Speaker 1: the boison berry, which was developed by a man named 353 00:17:39,400 --> 00:17:43,760 Speaker 1: Rudolph Boisen, who was actually a California horticulturist. I found 354 00:17:43,760 --> 00:17:45,640 Speaker 1: a few places that told a story, but the most 355 00:17:45,640 --> 00:17:48,320 Speaker 1: detailed one actually comes from this site called the Devil 356 00:17:48,359 --> 00:17:52,600 Speaker 1: War's Parsley it's this great horticultural site. But basically Boison 357 00:17:53,160 --> 00:17:55,800 Speaker 1: had this vision of a better berry, so he was 358 00:17:55,800 --> 00:18:00,000 Speaker 1: trying to create a hybrid of blackberries, raspberries, dewberries, and loganberry. 359 00:18:00,200 --> 00:18:04,320 Speaker 1: But ultimately he grows this beautiful maroon colored, two inch 360 00:18:04,359 --> 00:18:06,840 Speaker 1: long berry. He takes the vines to his in laws 361 00:18:06,880 --> 00:18:09,480 Speaker 1: farm in Anaheim, and he also shares them with a 362 00:18:09,480 --> 00:18:13,080 Speaker 1: local nursery, where the berry gets called the sensation berry 363 00:18:13,119 --> 00:18:16,120 Speaker 1: of the twentieth century. Right, that's how it gets advertised, 364 00:18:16,480 --> 00:18:19,439 Speaker 1: and the guy who runs the nursery gets so excited 365 00:18:19,440 --> 00:18:22,240 Speaker 1: about the prospect of this new berry that he posts 366 00:18:22,240 --> 00:18:25,560 Speaker 1: a letter to this guy at the Department of Agriculture 367 00:18:25,680 --> 00:18:30,960 Speaker 1: named George Darrow, basically to extol the berry's virtues. Anyway, 368 00:18:31,080 --> 00:18:34,480 Speaker 1: the strange shaped berry really does not take off when 369 00:18:34,480 --> 00:18:37,560 Speaker 1: this nursery tries to sell it and boys and eventually 370 00:18:37,560 --> 00:18:41,600 Speaker 1: switches jobs to the parks department and has this tragic accident. 371 00:18:41,760 --> 00:18:44,920 Speaker 1: He falls down a fire pole and basically is hospitalized 372 00:18:44,960 --> 00:18:47,720 Speaker 1: and has to stop working. But then four years later, 373 00:18:47,800 --> 00:18:51,040 Speaker 1: for some reason, Darrow is dusting off his letters and 374 00:18:51,280 --> 00:18:54,199 Speaker 1: he gets super curious about whatever happened to this berry, 375 00:18:54,800 --> 00:18:57,600 Speaker 1: so he goes to that local nursery to talk to 376 00:18:57,640 --> 00:19:00,120 Speaker 1: the guy who wrote that letter. That owner has passed 377 00:19:00,119 --> 00:19:03,120 Speaker 1: away and they no longer have any of the vines there. 378 00:19:03,640 --> 00:19:06,040 Speaker 1: But he's just obsessed with this idea of like what 379 00:19:06,080 --> 00:19:08,840 Speaker 1: this berry could taste like. So he pulls his friend 380 00:19:08,920 --> 00:19:13,040 Speaker 1: Walter Not in and together they locate a bedridden boison 381 00:19:13,160 --> 00:19:14,879 Speaker 1: and they ask him where they can find the vines, 382 00:19:14,880 --> 00:19:18,000 Speaker 1: and he says, maybe try his in law's old land, 383 00:19:18,080 --> 00:19:20,920 Speaker 1: which they no longer own, So they go there. They 384 00:19:20,920 --> 00:19:22,960 Speaker 1: ask the new owners if they can forge land, and 385 00:19:23,280 --> 00:19:27,000 Speaker 1: eventually they find these really pathetic vines that are being 386 00:19:27,040 --> 00:19:29,840 Speaker 1: suffocated by the overgrowth, and they ask if they can 387 00:19:29,880 --> 00:19:33,440 Speaker 1: take them back, and not basically nurses them back to health. 388 00:19:33,640 --> 00:19:36,399 Speaker 1: And you know, when people ask him at his local 389 00:19:36,440 --> 00:19:39,720 Speaker 1: farmstand what the berries he's selling are called, he says 390 00:19:39,840 --> 00:19:44,320 Speaker 1: boison berries, after the original inventure. So the crazy part, though, 391 00:19:44,440 --> 00:19:47,080 Speaker 1: is that the berries just start flying off the shelves. 392 00:19:47,200 --> 00:19:50,480 Speaker 1: Missus Knots turns the berries into this popular pie and 393 00:19:50,560 --> 00:19:54,520 Speaker 1: the whole endeavor helps him build this berry empire, which 394 00:19:55,040 --> 00:19:57,119 Speaker 1: you might have heard of as Knots Berry Farm. 395 00:19:57,560 --> 00:19:58,600 Speaker 2: That is amazing. 396 00:19:58,680 --> 00:20:01,120 Speaker 3: I love the idea of a berry empire two, which 397 00:20:01,160 --> 00:20:03,280 Speaker 3: is something that feels exciting about it. 398 00:20:03,320 --> 00:20:04,560 Speaker 2: That's a fun one. 399 00:20:05,080 --> 00:20:07,440 Speaker 3: I think I will stick with farming here because here's 400 00:20:07,440 --> 00:20:09,639 Speaker 3: when I was surprised to learn, which is how we 401 00:20:09,760 --> 00:20:12,720 Speaker 3: got the word maverick. Now this comes from the Saturday 402 00:20:12,800 --> 00:20:16,440 Speaker 3: Evening Post. But Samuel Maverick was this lawyer from Texas. 403 00:20:16,520 --> 00:20:19,879 Speaker 3: This was the mid nineteenth century, and Maverick was apparently 404 00:20:19,920 --> 00:20:22,600 Speaker 3: a pretty good lawyer and a nice one as well, 405 00:20:22,600 --> 00:20:25,159 Speaker 3: because when one of his clients couldn't pay off his 406 00:20:25,280 --> 00:20:29,520 Speaker 3: debt to him, he accepted four hundred head of cattle instead. 407 00:20:30,280 --> 00:20:32,919 Speaker 3: Of course, Maverick was a lawyer, not a rancher, so 408 00:20:33,000 --> 00:20:36,719 Speaker 3: he hired someone to manage the cattle for him. Unfortunately, 409 00:20:36,720 --> 00:20:39,119 Speaker 3: the person he hired was fairly lazy and left the 410 00:20:39,160 --> 00:20:42,399 Speaker 3: cattle unbranded, let them roam all over the place. That 411 00:20:42,640 --> 00:20:45,560 Speaker 3: ultimately meant that other ranchers saw it as an opportunity 412 00:20:45,600 --> 00:20:48,119 Speaker 3: to steal the cattle and brand them as their own. 413 00:20:48,640 --> 00:20:50,800 Speaker 3: So the word maverick first got used as a term 414 00:20:50,840 --> 00:20:55,080 Speaker 3: for any unbranded wandering cattle, but over time it changed 415 00:20:55,080 --> 00:20:58,000 Speaker 3: from referring to a cow without a master who wanders 416 00:20:58,040 --> 00:21:02,120 Speaker 3: aimlessly to a cow who rejects being mastered and chooses 417 00:21:02,200 --> 00:21:03,359 Speaker 3: its own directions. 418 00:21:03,400 --> 00:21:04,440 Speaker 2: You can see where it goes. 419 00:21:05,280 --> 00:21:08,080 Speaker 1: Yeah, that's really funny. It actually reminds me of this 420 00:21:08,200 --> 00:21:10,320 Speaker 1: thing I read a few weeks ago about this cow 421 00:21:10,440 --> 00:21:12,960 Speaker 1: named Chico from Saint Louis. Did you read this article? 422 00:21:13,000 --> 00:21:13,719 Speaker 2: I think I did. 423 00:21:14,400 --> 00:21:16,040 Speaker 1: I saw it a few places, but I also saw 424 00:21:16,040 --> 00:21:19,000 Speaker 1: it upworthy. And this cow was determined not to become 425 00:21:19,000 --> 00:21:22,959 Speaker 1: a burger, so it broke through like three fences at 426 00:21:22,960 --> 00:21:25,920 Speaker 1: a slaughterhouse, and I think there were like five or six. 427 00:21:25,760 --> 00:21:28,199 Speaker 2: Cows that fold sea. 428 00:21:28,200 --> 00:21:30,480 Speaker 1: Running through traffic and people are chasing. I mean, the 429 00:21:30,520 --> 00:21:32,520 Speaker 1: most amazing part is that someone started to go fund 430 00:21:32,600 --> 00:21:34,840 Speaker 1: me to send all of them to a cow sanctuary. 431 00:21:34,920 --> 00:21:37,679 Speaker 1: So now Chico and his friends are in some like 432 00:21:37,760 --> 00:21:40,600 Speaker 1: Penning Zoo or sanctuary in California. 433 00:21:40,160 --> 00:21:41,679 Speaker 2: But that's pretty awesome. 434 00:21:42,160 --> 00:21:44,200 Speaker 1: I know, if I find the story, I'll put in 435 00:21:44,240 --> 00:21:47,200 Speaker 1: the links where people look up. But let me talk 436 00:21:47,200 --> 00:21:48,359 Speaker 1: about what I have next. 437 00:21:48,480 --> 00:21:49,000 Speaker 2: Let's do it. 438 00:21:49,240 --> 00:21:52,359 Speaker 1: The saxophone, which gets his name from the Belgian musician 439 00:21:52,560 --> 00:21:56,359 Speaker 1: Antoine Joseph Adolph Sachs. And I didn't realize this, but 440 00:21:56,880 --> 00:22:00,640 Speaker 1: sax invented the instrument way back in eighteen four, which 441 00:22:00,680 --> 00:22:03,119 Speaker 1: is so long ago. I had no idea the saxophone 442 00:22:03,160 --> 00:22:07,200 Speaker 1: was around that long. But Sax's parents were instrument makers too, 443 00:22:07,440 --> 00:22:10,439 Speaker 1: and they even made instruments for the royal courts, and 444 00:22:10,880 --> 00:22:14,119 Speaker 1: they tweaked the design of the French horn, amongst other things, 445 00:22:14,240 --> 00:22:17,639 Speaker 1: into something called the sax horn. But the saxophone was 446 00:22:17,680 --> 00:22:20,400 Speaker 1: Sax's way of trying to blend the best of woodwind 447 00:22:20,440 --> 00:22:23,720 Speaker 1: instruments but the best of brass instruments, which you know, 448 00:22:23,840 --> 00:22:25,560 Speaker 1: makes a lot of sense when you think about it. 449 00:22:25,560 --> 00:22:28,399 Speaker 1: It's the only sort of reed instrument with this brass 450 00:22:28,440 --> 00:22:31,639 Speaker 1: around it. But as ingenius as Sax was, he was 451 00:22:31,680 --> 00:22:35,520 Speaker 1: one of the unluckiest people in history. His mom never 452 00:22:35,560 --> 00:22:38,000 Speaker 1: actually thought he'd live long because of his bad luck. 453 00:22:38,160 --> 00:22:40,320 Speaker 1: And this is just a short list of things that 454 00:22:40,359 --> 00:22:44,160 Speaker 1: almost killed him. He accidentally drank a bowl of acid, 455 00:22:44,480 --> 00:22:47,359 Speaker 1: mistaking it for milk. He was hit on the head 456 00:22:47,400 --> 00:22:50,840 Speaker 1: by a roofstone, he fell from three stories, He had 457 00:22:50,840 --> 00:22:53,840 Speaker 1: a hot frying pan fall on him, He fell into 458 00:22:53,880 --> 00:22:57,080 Speaker 1: a river and nearly drown He received serious burns from 459 00:22:57,080 --> 00:23:00,760 Speaker 1: a gunpowder explosion. And he almost died when he accidentally 460 00:23:00,800 --> 00:23:01,480 Speaker 1: swallowed a pin. 461 00:23:01,760 --> 00:23:03,440 Speaker 2: Right, this is insane. 462 00:23:04,000 --> 00:23:06,040 Speaker 3: I'm pretty sure all those things happened in that one 463 00:23:06,080 --> 00:23:07,120 Speaker 3: scene of the Naked Gun. 464 00:23:07,160 --> 00:23:10,680 Speaker 2: If I'm not mistaken, that's wild. 465 00:23:10,960 --> 00:23:14,040 Speaker 1: I know it sounds like some real lunitudes business. But 466 00:23:15,600 --> 00:23:19,399 Speaker 1: he invents the saxophone, but spends twenty years trying to 467 00:23:19,440 --> 00:23:23,160 Speaker 1: pattent it and fighting off legal battles from rival instrument makers, 468 00:23:23,480 --> 00:23:26,800 Speaker 1: and he just ends up bankrupt over and over. It 469 00:23:26,920 --> 00:23:30,120 Speaker 1: is really sad. And this is how Lisburs puts it. 470 00:23:30,160 --> 00:23:33,640 Speaker 1: He was a controversial figure who seemed to collect enemies 471 00:23:33,680 --> 00:23:37,200 Speaker 1: who constantly tried to thwart him. But on the plus side, 472 00:23:37,280 --> 00:23:40,120 Speaker 1: right like John Coltrane and Kenny g wouldn't have careers 473 00:23:40,119 --> 00:23:42,000 Speaker 1: without him, so I guess he does have some sort 474 00:23:42,000 --> 00:23:42,560 Speaker 1: of a legacy. 475 00:23:42,640 --> 00:23:45,040 Speaker 3: And of course you can't forget Lisa Simpson. That was 476 00:23:45,119 --> 00:23:47,600 Speaker 3: her outlet to deal with it all. Okay, I know 477 00:23:47,680 --> 00:23:49,240 Speaker 3: we've got a few more facts to get to before 478 00:23:49,280 --> 00:23:53,040 Speaker 3: we're done, but let's take a quick break. 479 00:24:06,160 --> 00:24:08,200 Speaker 1: Welcome back to part TI genis where we're talking about 480 00:24:08,280 --> 00:24:12,600 Speaker 1: eponyms aka words that are named after people. So will 481 00:24:12,640 --> 00:24:14,600 Speaker 1: we've got two more facts to go. What is your 482 00:24:14,680 --> 00:24:15,920 Speaker 1: final fact for this show? 483 00:24:16,359 --> 00:24:19,119 Speaker 3: Tough call, because there's still some good ones here, But 484 00:24:19,160 --> 00:24:23,000 Speaker 3: why don't we talk about General Ambrose Burnside, who had 485 00:24:23,000 --> 00:24:26,879 Speaker 3: a checkered military career but a great facial topiary. So 486 00:24:26,880 --> 00:24:29,200 Speaker 3: it's sort of worth the trade off there, I guess. Now, 487 00:24:29,240 --> 00:24:33,880 Speaker 3: sideburns definitely existed before General Burnside, as the BBC points out, 488 00:24:34,000 --> 00:24:37,520 Speaker 3: murals of Alexander the Great and dignified Hindu rulers show 489 00:24:37,560 --> 00:24:41,880 Speaker 3: off their facial hair styling. Charles Darwin and various aristocratic 490 00:24:41,920 --> 00:24:45,239 Speaker 3: Brits had the hairstyle too, although then you know they 491 00:24:45,240 --> 00:24:48,359 Speaker 3: were referred to as side whiskers. I think, but Burnside, 492 00:24:48,359 --> 00:24:51,680 Speaker 3: who was not known for his great military strategy, really 493 00:24:51,800 --> 00:24:54,600 Speaker 3: glorified the look. I mean, he had these big, fluffy 494 00:24:54,640 --> 00:25:00,000 Speaker 3: mutton chops which linked up with these fantastically bushy mustache whiskers. 495 00:25:00,000 --> 00:25:02,359 Speaker 3: They really made him a household nameing like, I just 496 00:25:02,480 --> 00:25:06,720 Speaker 3: really got into that description. But as Liz First points out, 497 00:25:06,840 --> 00:25:11,040 Speaker 3: in eighteen sixty six, the Evening Telegraph in Philadelphia noted 498 00:25:11,080 --> 00:25:15,240 Speaker 3: how debonair the style was. The paperwrights quote, the style 499 00:25:15,359 --> 00:25:18,199 Speaker 3: was so attractive that it had ladies swooning after a 500 00:25:18,200 --> 00:25:21,560 Speaker 3: group of thieves, distracting them from all the honest men around. 501 00:25:21,600 --> 00:25:25,119 Speaker 1: I love that description, so friends, I just killed it 502 00:25:25,160 --> 00:25:29,040 Speaker 1: with ladies and I guess this look was the axe 503 00:25:29,119 --> 00:25:31,120 Speaker 1: body spray of its time, just attracting women. 504 00:25:31,359 --> 00:25:34,440 Speaker 3: A good way to describe it. Because the side whiskers 505 00:25:34,560 --> 00:25:38,359 Speaker 3: was already a common phrase, the words got flipped over time, 506 00:25:38,440 --> 00:25:41,880 Speaker 3: and the facial hair eventually just got called sideburns. 507 00:25:42,200 --> 00:25:44,880 Speaker 1: Amazing. I think what I like about that quote so much, though, 508 00:25:44,960 --> 00:25:47,920 Speaker 1: is that the like this idea that honest men can't 509 00:25:47,960 --> 00:25:50,640 Speaker 1: grow sideburns, but scoundrels absolutely can. 510 00:25:51,800 --> 00:25:54,679 Speaker 3: I think that's the way it works. But anyway, all right, 511 00:25:54,720 --> 00:25:56,320 Speaker 3: you got one more fact, Mango, what do you want 512 00:25:56,320 --> 00:25:56,679 Speaker 3: to end on? 513 00:25:57,280 --> 00:25:59,919 Speaker 1: How about we talk about the men behind the leotard 514 00:26:00,359 --> 00:26:04,000 Speaker 1: Jeules Leotard, who I did not know was a person. 515 00:26:04,280 --> 00:26:07,040 Speaker 1: Apparently Jules was quite right. He was on his way 516 00:26:07,040 --> 00:26:10,720 Speaker 1: to becoming a lawyer and passed this like difficult legal exam. 517 00:26:10,800 --> 00:26:14,520 Speaker 1: But ultimately he decided his passions were in gymnastics, and 518 00:26:14,760 --> 00:26:18,080 Speaker 1: particularly the trapeze, which his father had set up for 519 00:26:18,200 --> 00:26:20,879 Speaker 1: him over a swimming pool for him to practice on. 520 00:26:21,359 --> 00:26:23,480 Speaker 1: But what set him apart from others was that he 521 00:26:23,520 --> 00:26:26,200 Speaker 1: started doing jumps between trapiezes. Right, so he's one of 522 00:26:26,240 --> 00:26:29,760 Speaker 1: the first few people to like jump between trapiezs. He starts, 523 00:26:29,800 --> 00:26:33,159 Speaker 1: performing on everything from two to five different trapezes. He 524 00:26:33,200 --> 00:26:35,959 Speaker 1: also didn't work with any netting, and he also landed 525 00:26:36,000 --> 00:26:39,159 Speaker 1: from a great height onto a few stacked mattresses. But 526 00:26:39,400 --> 00:26:42,760 Speaker 1: while the Arabatics were incredible, and you know, it did 527 00:26:42,760 --> 00:26:45,879 Speaker 1: make him a celebrity in Europe and America's and he 528 00:26:45,960 --> 00:26:50,159 Speaker 1: was traveling everywhere from you know, London, Berlin, Saint Petersburg, 529 00:26:50,680 --> 00:26:55,080 Speaker 1: it's really his costume that sort of drummed up his popularity, 530 00:26:55,400 --> 00:26:59,720 Speaker 1: and he actually had stands on all continents. As Harper's 531 00:26:59,720 --> 00:27:03,280 Speaker 1: Bizarre puts it quote, his skin tight leotard made him 532 00:27:03,359 --> 00:27:07,920 Speaker 1: the heart throb of La Maruse de Leotard, or Leotard's lovers. 533 00:27:08,560 --> 00:27:11,439 Speaker 1: And according to the Journal of Victorian Culture, this was 534 00:27:11,480 --> 00:27:14,679 Speaker 1: really at a time before male muscle mass was fashionable, 535 00:27:14,880 --> 00:27:18,680 Speaker 1: so the tight outfit accentuating his body was almost revolutionary 536 00:27:18,720 --> 00:27:22,240 Speaker 1: for the time, according to the journal quote, Leotard's writing 537 00:27:22,240 --> 00:27:25,679 Speaker 1: and photographs demonstrate he knew his popularity was connected to 538 00:27:25,760 --> 00:27:30,040 Speaker 1: his desirability and his prowess. In his memoir, Leotard ridicules 539 00:27:30,040 --> 00:27:32,960 Speaker 1: the women who admired him and carefully refutes that he 540 00:27:33,040 --> 00:27:37,040 Speaker 1: padded his tights to emphasize his leg muscle, so I'd 541 00:27:37,119 --> 00:27:39,520 Speaker 1: love that they're claiming he's stuffing his. 542 00:27:39,520 --> 00:27:41,439 Speaker 2: Tights, but totally yeah. 543 00:27:41,480 --> 00:27:43,840 Speaker 1: Anyway, the next time you see someone in the leotard, 544 00:27:43,960 --> 00:27:45,480 Speaker 1: just know that it all goes back to one of 545 00:27:45,560 --> 00:27:48,680 Speaker 1: history's greatest trafez artists, Jules Leotard. 546 00:27:49,280 --> 00:27:50,000 Speaker 2: Oh, I like that. 547 00:27:50,440 --> 00:27:53,280 Speaker 3: I thought I had sealed this week's episode with the zamboni, 548 00:27:53,359 --> 00:27:56,159 Speaker 3: but I think you take it for Leotard. And to 549 00:27:56,200 --> 00:27:58,639 Speaker 3: be clear, I would have given this week's trophy to 550 00:27:58,720 --> 00:28:01,960 Speaker 3: Dylan if he'd shown up on a zamboni in his leah. 551 00:28:02,960 --> 00:28:07,000 Speaker 3: He didn't do that on Saturdays. Does that on Saturdays 552 00:28:07,040 --> 00:28:07,960 Speaker 3: most Saturdays. 553 00:28:07,960 --> 00:28:09,560 Speaker 2: So I'm gonna give it to you. Mango. 554 00:28:09,640 --> 00:28:14,560 Speaker 1: Congrats, thank you will and such a missed opportunity for Dylan. 555 00:28:14,640 --> 00:28:18,000 Speaker 1: But don't forget. If you've got a favorite eponym that 556 00:28:18,040 --> 00:28:20,360 Speaker 1: we missed, or any other comments you want to tell us, 557 00:28:20,440 --> 00:28:23,520 Speaker 1: drop our moms a line at Peaty Genius Moms at 558 00:28:23,520 --> 00:28:26,080 Speaker 1: gmail dot com. A lot of you have asked, Yes, 559 00:28:26,160 --> 00:28:29,640 Speaker 1: our moms actually do read these emails and they will 560 00:28:29,680 --> 00:28:32,760 Speaker 1: pass them along. And if you like the show, please 561 00:28:32,800 --> 00:28:34,679 Speaker 1: tell your friends, make your kids listen to it in 562 00:28:34,720 --> 00:28:37,040 Speaker 1: a car, ask your dentist to play it while you're 563 00:28:37,040 --> 00:28:40,520 Speaker 1: getting a filling and rate and review the show on iTunes. 564 00:28:40,840 --> 00:28:43,840 Speaker 1: That's it for this week's episode from Will, Dylan, Mary, 565 00:28:43,880 --> 00:29:00,800 Speaker 1: and myself. Thank you so much for listening. Part Time 566 00:29:00,840 --> 00:29:04,680 Speaker 1: Genius is a production of Kaleidoscope and iHeartRadio. This show 567 00:29:04,760 --> 00:29:08,680 Speaker 1: is hosted by Will Pearson and me Mongish Chatikler and 568 00:29:08,840 --> 00:29:13,200 Speaker 1: research by our goodpal Mary Philip Sandy. Today's episode was 569 00:29:13,240 --> 00:29:16,520 Speaker 1: engineered and produced by the wonderful Dylan Fagan with support 570 00:29:16,560 --> 00:29:20,200 Speaker 1: from Tyler Klang. The show is executive produced for iHeart 571 00:29:20,240 --> 00:29:24,120 Speaker 1: by Katrina Norvel and Ali Perry, with social media support 572 00:29:24,160 --> 00:29:28,600 Speaker 1: from Sasha Gay, trustee Dara Potts and Viny Shorey. For 573 00:29:28,720 --> 00:29:33,000 Speaker 1: more podcasts from Kaleidoscope and iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, 574 00:29:33,200 --> 00:29:54,360 Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.