1 00:00:02,400 --> 00:00:06,760 Speaker 1: Bloomberg Audio Studios, Podcasts, radio News. 2 00:00:11,600 --> 00:00:15,440 Speaker 2: This is the Bloomberg Surveillance Podcast. I'm Jonathan Ferrow, along 3 00:00:15,440 --> 00:00:18,400 Speaker 2: with Lisa Bromwitz and am Marie Hordern. Join us each 4 00:00:18,480 --> 00:00:21,360 Speaker 2: day for insight from the best in markets, economics, and 5 00:00:21,400 --> 00:00:24,720 Speaker 2: geopolitics from our global headquarters in New York City. We 6 00:00:24,760 --> 00:00:27,400 Speaker 2: are live on Bloomberg Television weekday mornings from six to 7 00:00:27,480 --> 00:00:31,000 Speaker 2: nine am Eastern. Subscribe to the podcast on Apple, Spotify 8 00:00:31,200 --> 00:00:33,479 Speaker 2: or anywhere else you listen, and as always on the 9 00:00:33,479 --> 00:00:36,600 Speaker 2: Bloomberg Terminal and the Bloomberg Business App. I want to 10 00:00:36,640 --> 00:00:39,720 Speaker 2: bring in Muhammad Aloud of Queen's College, Cambridge. Mhammad joins us. Now, Muammed, 11 00:00:39,720 --> 00:00:41,400 Speaker 2: you've had a few minutes to go over these numbers, 12 00:00:41,600 --> 00:00:43,320 Speaker 2: your initial reaction, and then we can get to the much, 13 00:00:43,400 --> 00:00:45,440 Speaker 2: much bigger picture going forward from here. 14 00:00:46,720 --> 00:00:50,480 Speaker 1: So well, I agree generally that this is not as 15 00:00:50,560 --> 00:00:53,920 Speaker 1: relevant as it normally is as an employment report. I 16 00:00:54,000 --> 00:00:58,240 Speaker 1: do focus on zero point three percent monthly earnings growth. 17 00:00:59,360 --> 00:01:05,080 Speaker 1: When people rush to predict lots of FED cuts, they 18 00:01:05,120 --> 00:01:08,000 Speaker 1: forget the difference between what is necessary and what is 19 00:01:08,080 --> 00:01:13,240 Speaker 1: necessary and sufficient weakness pronounced weakness in the economy is 20 00:01:13,400 --> 00:01:16,680 Speaker 1: necessary for the sorts of cuts that are being priced in, 21 00:01:17,319 --> 00:01:20,920 Speaker 1: but they're not sufficient. The FED needs some sort of 22 00:01:21,000 --> 00:01:27,240 Speaker 1: air cover on inflation. And most forecasts of inflation, as 23 00:01:27,319 --> 00:01:29,600 Speaker 1: Jeff said, are now going to the three to three 24 00:01:29,640 --> 00:01:33,080 Speaker 1: and a half percent at the PCE core level, So 25 00:01:33,240 --> 00:01:37,080 Speaker 1: this is quite a move. The point three monthly earning 26 00:01:38,240 --> 00:01:41,919 Speaker 1: growth that we saw in today's report is not consistent 27 00:01:42,200 --> 00:01:47,440 Speaker 1: with air cover on inflation. So this is a report 28 00:01:47,560 --> 00:01:52,160 Speaker 1: that suggested the Fed wait and see. And my hope 29 00:01:52,320 --> 00:01:55,080 Speaker 1: is that Jeff Powell this later this morning will do 30 00:01:55,120 --> 00:01:59,440 Speaker 1: two things. He will walk back the notion that the 31 00:01:59,600 --> 00:02:03,800 Speaker 1: terriff impact on inflation will be transitory and let's eliminate 32 00:02:03,840 --> 00:02:06,960 Speaker 1: that word again from its vocabulary. And the second thing 33 00:02:07,120 --> 00:02:09,840 Speaker 1: I hope he walks back is the ease with which 34 00:02:09,840 --> 00:02:15,320 Speaker 1: he dismissed the soft data, because, as Stephanie said, expect 35 00:02:15,560 --> 00:02:18,200 Speaker 1: the hard data to weaken in the months ahead. 36 00:02:18,560 --> 00:02:21,560 Speaker 3: Mohammed, are we dismissing the strength of this labor market 37 00:02:21,639 --> 00:02:25,480 Speaker 3: report at our own peril? The idea that corporate America 38 00:02:25,520 --> 00:02:29,280 Speaker 3: has thrived despite what the US government has occasionally done, 39 00:02:29,440 --> 00:02:31,880 Speaker 3: and that there is quite a bit of robustness and 40 00:02:31,919 --> 00:02:35,240 Speaker 3: people who are employed and able to absorb a greater 41 00:02:35,400 --> 00:02:38,760 Speaker 3: amount of price increases that might get passed along to them. 42 00:02:40,400 --> 00:02:42,640 Speaker 1: I think, Lisa, what this reminds you is that the 43 00:02:42,680 --> 00:02:46,880 Speaker 1: structure of the economy is fine. And this is important 44 00:02:46,960 --> 00:02:51,560 Speaker 1: because while there is general agreement on a very bumpy 45 00:02:51,600 --> 00:02:56,320 Speaker 1: few months, the significant disagreement on where this would lead to. 46 00:02:56,919 --> 00:03:00,359 Speaker 1: Now those who think that the pain is worth the 47 00:03:00,440 --> 00:03:03,600 Speaker 1: gain that's coming forward. It's just a matter of time, 48 00:03:03,639 --> 00:03:06,400 Speaker 1: and the structure of the economy is strong enough to 49 00:03:06,639 --> 00:03:09,800 Speaker 1: take us through it is very bumpy journey, and there 50 00:03:09,800 --> 00:03:13,400 Speaker 1: are others that were we that the structure of the 51 00:03:13,520 --> 00:03:16,040 Speaker 1: economy is not as strong as we think it is. 52 00:03:16,520 --> 00:03:20,040 Speaker 1: This number here gives you some confidence that the economy 53 00:03:20,120 --> 00:03:25,280 Speaker 1: is fine if we can just avoid repeated self inflicted wounds. 54 00:03:25,520 --> 00:03:27,280 Speaker 2: If you are just joining us, welcome to the program. 55 00:03:27,360 --> 00:03:29,799 Speaker 2: Moments ago, a big upside surprise on a payrolls report 56 00:03:29,880 --> 00:03:32,919 Speaker 2: to twenty eight the estimate one forty. And we look 57 00:03:32,960 --> 00:03:36,040 Speaker 2: at the charts in the immediate aftermath of that job's number, 58 00:03:36,200 --> 00:03:39,080 Speaker 2: This market hardly blinked. You're just stilled down fifteen basis 59 00:03:39,080 --> 00:03:41,240 Speaker 2: points at the front end of the curve three fifty two, 60 00:03:41,560 --> 00:03:43,600 Speaker 2: and in the equity market at the moment, equally, futures 61 00:03:43,600 --> 00:03:46,480 Speaker 2: are lowered by two point eight percent. Mohammad was looking 62 00:03:46,480 --> 00:03:48,840 Speaker 2: forward to chairman power at eleven twenty five and Stephanie 63 00:03:48,920 --> 00:03:51,560 Speaker 2: Rothy talked about that word transitory, the t word, just 64 00:03:51,640 --> 00:03:52,440 Speaker 2: like I can today. 65 00:03:53,000 --> 00:03:54,520 Speaker 4: I would imagine he won't use it again. 66 00:03:54,600 --> 00:03:57,080 Speaker 5: I guess, of course, we'll see, but I think we'll 67 00:03:57,080 --> 00:03:58,600 Speaker 5: have to be a little bit more cautious about this. 68 00:03:58,640 --> 00:04:00,840 Speaker 5: And I think it's also important to think out the 69 00:04:00,920 --> 00:04:03,400 Speaker 5: fact that transitory one does doesn't mean the same for 70 00:04:04,400 --> 00:04:05,880 Speaker 5: every person, which is the problem. 71 00:04:06,160 --> 00:04:08,560 Speaker 4: And the extent of the tariffs are so big that. 72 00:04:08,560 --> 00:04:10,600 Speaker 5: It might take a really long time for this inflation 73 00:04:10,720 --> 00:04:12,400 Speaker 5: shock to work its way through the economy. 74 00:04:12,440 --> 00:04:14,520 Speaker 2: So they get hiding word, as you know, speaks to 75 00:04:14,560 --> 00:04:17,840 Speaker 2: the same mistake we all remember, which was waiting too long. 76 00:04:18,760 --> 00:04:21,240 Speaker 2: That's the problem with the tea word at the moment, 77 00:04:21,480 --> 00:04:24,840 Speaker 2: waiting too long to do something about inflation this time around. 78 00:04:24,839 --> 00:04:27,680 Speaker 2: I wander conditioned by their previous experience, do they wait 79 00:04:27,720 --> 00:04:30,560 Speaker 2: too long to do something about growth and downside risk 80 00:04:30,600 --> 00:04:32,640 Speaker 2: to growth, because that's the major risk for this market. 81 00:04:32,960 --> 00:04:35,200 Speaker 5: Yeah, I think that's potentially the case, and they're going 82 00:04:35,279 --> 00:04:36,720 Speaker 5: to have to wait and see. And by the way, 83 00:04:36,760 --> 00:04:39,480 Speaker 5: they're going to be watching inflation expectations they've anchored, especially 84 00:04:39,480 --> 00:04:42,120 Speaker 5: the last time in twenty eighteen, they said inflation expectations 85 00:04:42,160 --> 00:04:44,720 Speaker 5: were the main anchor to determine whether they can look 86 00:04:44,760 --> 00:04:47,200 Speaker 5: through it or whether they have to act more hawkishly 87 00:04:47,240 --> 00:04:50,360 Speaker 5: as a result. And if inflation expectations start to pick up, 88 00:04:50,920 --> 00:04:52,560 Speaker 5: they're going to be in a tough situation for a 89 00:04:52,560 --> 00:04:54,520 Speaker 5: little while. They're gonna have to wait until things get 90 00:04:54,600 --> 00:04:57,320 Speaker 5: really bad before they can act. And by the way, 91 00:04:57,400 --> 00:05:01,440 Speaker 5: inflation expectations long term ones are largely driven by your 92 00:05:01,440 --> 00:05:04,359 Speaker 5: most recent experience with inflation. Well, in twenty eighteen, we 93 00:05:04,440 --> 00:05:06,840 Speaker 5: had no inflation in the past prior years. 94 00:05:07,080 --> 00:05:09,280 Speaker 4: This time it's very different, and inflation. 95 00:05:09,000 --> 00:05:11,200 Speaker 5: Expectations are likely to pick up a lot more given 96 00:05:11,720 --> 00:05:13,840 Speaker 5: experience with inflation and the fact that these terrafs are 97 00:05:13,880 --> 00:05:14,160 Speaker 5: just so. 98 00:05:14,279 --> 00:05:16,600 Speaker 3: Large, which raises a question, Jeff and I would love 99 00:05:16,600 --> 00:05:19,880 Speaker 3: your thoughts on this. How the bond market responds to 100 00:05:19,960 --> 00:05:22,919 Speaker 3: either a duvish message from Fedschair j Powell or. 101 00:05:22,920 --> 00:05:24,120 Speaker 4: A hawkish message. 102 00:05:24,320 --> 00:05:27,240 Speaker 3: If he does put transitory back in the bottle, does 103 00:05:27,279 --> 00:05:29,600 Speaker 3: that give you more confidence frankly to go into long 104 00:05:29,680 --> 00:05:32,560 Speaker 3: term bonds because eventually they might have to cut rates 105 00:05:32,560 --> 00:05:33,400 Speaker 3: a whole lot more. 106 00:05:34,880 --> 00:05:37,080 Speaker 6: Yeah, you know, it's really interesting if you look at 107 00:05:37,080 --> 00:05:40,760 Speaker 6: the last two days in what has transpired in terms 108 00:05:40,800 --> 00:05:43,760 Speaker 6: of the bond market. So yesterday you saw a big 109 00:05:43,880 --> 00:05:48,599 Speaker 6: rally in rates, but it was mostly led by the 110 00:05:48,839 --> 00:05:51,040 Speaker 6: intermediate and short end. If you look at the thirty 111 00:05:51,120 --> 00:05:54,719 Speaker 6: year portion of the curve, it lagged for a brief 112 00:05:54,800 --> 00:05:55,599 Speaker 6: moment in time. 113 00:05:55,480 --> 00:05:59,640 Speaker 7: It barely budged at all. Contrast that to today, and 114 00:05:59,680 --> 00:06:02,320 Speaker 7: today what you're seeing is a very different picture from 115 00:06:02,360 --> 00:06:05,520 Speaker 7: the bond market, and probably the most striking is that 116 00:06:05,560 --> 00:06:09,800 Speaker 7: you're seeing not only longer term inflation expectations fall, but 117 00:06:09,839 --> 00:06:13,359 Speaker 7: even some of the shorter term inflation measures. And so 118 00:06:13,760 --> 00:06:14,520 Speaker 7: the steventy was. 119 00:06:14,480 --> 00:06:15,120 Speaker 8: Just talking about it. 120 00:06:15,320 --> 00:06:17,800 Speaker 7: It'll be challenging for the Fed because it depends on 121 00:06:18,760 --> 00:06:22,360 Speaker 7: how you're measuring inflation expectations. So everybody's seeing the Michigan survey. 122 00:06:22,720 --> 00:06:25,880 Speaker 7: The survey measures will likely be going higher in an 123 00:06:26,040 --> 00:06:31,000 Speaker 7: environment where people are seeing higher prices due to terrace. 124 00:06:31,520 --> 00:06:33,760 Speaker 7: You know, potentially that gets a little bit offset by 125 00:06:33,760 --> 00:06:38,280 Speaker 7: what we're seeing in oil, but the impact in terms 126 00:06:38,360 --> 00:06:42,000 Speaker 7: of survey responses maybe to higher inflations. Meanwhile, in the 127 00:06:42,040 --> 00:06:46,440 Speaker 7: bond market, they're really looking at the financial conditions tightening 128 00:06:46,480 --> 00:06:50,839 Speaker 7: that's going on, seeing the implications for consumption. Seventy percent 129 00:06:50,920 --> 00:06:54,320 Speaker 7: of the economy is driven by that side, and that's 130 00:06:54,440 --> 00:06:58,479 Speaker 7: quite negative and starting to price in today much more 131 00:06:58,480 --> 00:07:01,160 Speaker 7: of a deflationary environment. So you're seeing the back end 132 00:07:01,200 --> 00:07:04,359 Speaker 7: of the curve fall, you're seeing break Eban's fall, and 133 00:07:04,400 --> 00:07:07,640 Speaker 7: you're even seeing short end inflation measures, which have really 134 00:07:07,640 --> 00:07:11,440 Speaker 7: been this story about stagflation. When you measure the stagflation, 135 00:07:11,600 --> 00:07:15,320 Speaker 7: it's short measures. Inflation in the near term is expected 136 00:07:15,360 --> 00:07:17,560 Speaker 7: to go up. Now some of that stuff is starting 137 00:07:17,600 --> 00:07:20,200 Speaker 7: to get rolled over. So it's possible here the bond 138 00:07:20,280 --> 00:07:24,200 Speaker 7: market may try to lead the Fed to this message 139 00:07:24,240 --> 00:07:27,600 Speaker 7: of transitory by basically cutting the interest rates, both in 140 00:07:27,640 --> 00:07:37,120 Speaker 7: real and nominal terms. 141 00:07:38,280 --> 00:07:41,320 Speaker 2: I can tell you this market moves not leading the 142 00:07:41,360 --> 00:07:44,040 Speaker 2: President to change in his mind, just posting on through 143 00:07:44,080 --> 00:07:47,280 Speaker 2: social right now saying that my policies will never change. 144 00:07:47,320 --> 00:07:50,040 Speaker 2: If you're looking for someone to blink this morning, it's 145 00:07:50,040 --> 00:07:51,240 Speaker 2: not the President at the moment. 146 00:07:51,440 --> 00:07:53,760 Speaker 3: He says, to the many investors coming into the United 147 00:07:53,760 --> 00:07:56,680 Speaker 3: States and investing massive amounts of money, my policies will 148 00:07:56,680 --> 00:07:57,280 Speaker 3: never change. 149 00:07:57,320 --> 00:07:58,600 Speaker 4: This is a great time to get. 150 00:07:58,520 --> 00:08:03,200 Speaker 3: Rich richer an ever before, which raises this question of 151 00:08:03,280 --> 00:08:06,720 Speaker 3: how much the bond market and the stock market matter 152 00:08:06,840 --> 00:08:09,240 Speaker 3: to him at a time where there is real concern 153 00:08:09,280 --> 00:08:11,120 Speaker 3: on Wall Street that isn't being reflected. 154 00:08:11,160 --> 00:08:13,880 Speaker 2: In his commentary, Jeff mentioned crude crude is down by 155 00:08:13,920 --> 00:08:16,240 Speaker 2: seven and a half percent on w Cipron is down 156 00:08:16,280 --> 00:08:19,840 Speaker 2: by close to seven four percentage points, Muhammad, Quite clearly, 157 00:08:20,400 --> 00:08:23,840 Speaker 2: this is a shock to the cycle. Quite clearly, we're 158 00:08:23,880 --> 00:08:26,720 Speaker 2: repricing growth lower. From your perspective, how much of a 159 00:08:26,760 --> 00:08:29,280 Speaker 2: shock to the system is it and how long does 160 00:08:29,320 --> 00:08:33,320 Speaker 2: it take to internalize major regime changes like the one 161 00:08:33,360 --> 00:08:35,120 Speaker 2: we might see. 162 00:08:36,000 --> 00:08:40,800 Speaker 1: So John, we are repricing growth outlook in a significant manner. 163 00:08:41,920 --> 00:08:44,240 Speaker 8: Interestingly, the beta for the rest of the. 164 00:08:44,160 --> 00:08:47,960 Speaker 1: World is catching up. It started out being a US phenomenon. 165 00:08:48,040 --> 00:08:52,760 Speaker 1: Now it's spreading. People are realizing that if the US 166 00:08:53,080 --> 00:08:56,439 Speaker 1: growth rate falls by x, it may form then by 167 00:08:56,480 --> 00:08:58,560 Speaker 1: more than x outside the US, and I think that 168 00:08:58,720 --> 00:09:02,679 Speaker 1: is correct. Debta is greater than one outside the US. 169 00:09:02,760 --> 00:09:06,880 Speaker 1: So it's a major, major revisiting of the growth outlook. 170 00:09:07,080 --> 00:09:12,120 Speaker 1: How long it depends on what other countries decide. Right now, 171 00:09:12,600 --> 00:09:17,200 Speaker 1: the president's message will encourage other countries to retaliate. 172 00:09:17,960 --> 00:09:22,720 Speaker 8: You see, there's a choice out there between retaliate, the escalate, 173 00:09:23,160 --> 00:09:26,760 Speaker 8: or just wait. And we all want. 174 00:09:26,559 --> 00:09:29,880 Speaker 1: The escalation, but the escalation requires both sides to play 175 00:09:29,880 --> 00:09:32,000 Speaker 1: along and for there to be an amount of trust 176 00:09:32,640 --> 00:09:34,600 Speaker 1: that this is not a multi round where you're going 177 00:09:34,679 --> 00:09:38,439 Speaker 1: to have to renegotiate every time. If you de escalate, 178 00:09:38,600 --> 00:09:42,320 Speaker 1: now it will hold. That isn't there right now, So 179 00:09:42,440 --> 00:09:45,439 Speaker 1: I suspect you will see more countries move towards what 180 00:09:45,559 --> 00:09:49,559 Speaker 1: China did, which is a response that involves both tariffs 181 00:09:49,559 --> 00:09:52,000 Speaker 1: and non tariffs. And where that comes in for the 182 00:09:52,040 --> 00:09:54,160 Speaker 1: bond market is we're not going to start talking not 183 00:09:54,280 --> 00:09:57,600 Speaker 1: just about interest rate risk, but credit risk in the 184 00:09:57,600 --> 00:10:01,000 Speaker 1: bond market. Credit risk has been on until very recently, 185 00:10:01,080 --> 00:10:04,720 Speaker 1: really well protected, but now we're starting to see it 186 00:10:04,760 --> 00:10:09,720 Speaker 1: come under pressure, and credit investors no longer have the 187 00:10:09,800 --> 00:10:12,840 Speaker 1: shield of all in the yield because. 188 00:10:13,080 --> 00:10:16,120 Speaker 8: Both components now are in play. 189 00:10:16,559 --> 00:10:18,679 Speaker 1: So the next thing to look in the bond market, 190 00:10:18,760 --> 00:10:21,240 Speaker 1: John is going to be not just a government bonds, 191 00:10:21,720 --> 00:10:26,040 Speaker 1: but look at credit and in particular high yield, because 192 00:10:26,040 --> 00:10:28,720 Speaker 1: that is significantly vulnerable right now. 193 00:10:28,880 --> 00:10:32,080 Speaker 3: Yeah, we saw yesterday the biggest spread widening going back 194 00:10:32,120 --> 00:10:34,000 Speaker 3: to the heart of the pandemic in some of those 195 00:10:34,080 --> 00:10:37,440 Speaker 3: riskier instruments. We caught up with you earlier this week, Muhammad, 196 00:10:37,480 --> 00:10:39,440 Speaker 3: and you said that it's about a fifty to fifty 197 00:10:39,559 --> 00:10:42,160 Speaker 3: chance in your estimation that we either have some sort 198 00:10:42,200 --> 00:10:46,400 Speaker 3: of Reagan and Thatcher esque reordering of the global trade system, 199 00:10:46,640 --> 00:10:48,880 Speaker 3: or you go back to the seventies, you go back 200 00:10:48,880 --> 00:10:51,480 Speaker 3: to Carter on steroids. Do you still think it's fifty 201 00:10:51,520 --> 00:10:51,960 Speaker 3: to fifty? 202 00:10:53,120 --> 00:10:54,240 Speaker 8: I do. What has changed? 203 00:10:54,280 --> 00:10:57,199 Speaker 1: If you remember I said my own perception is fifty 204 00:10:57,200 --> 00:10:59,680 Speaker 1: to fifty. The market is at eighty twenty. The market 205 00:10:59,840 --> 00:11:05,040 Speaker 1: is absolutely convinced this is a wagon Thatcher moment. I 206 00:11:05,080 --> 00:11:08,400 Speaker 1: think that eighty has come down in the last couple 207 00:11:08,400 --> 00:11:11,920 Speaker 1: of days and for good reasons. So yes, I'm still 208 00:11:11,960 --> 00:11:15,319 Speaker 1: out of fifty to fifty because there is the upside 209 00:11:15,440 --> 00:11:19,640 Speaker 1: of significant innovations in tech that are there that are 210 00:11:19,840 --> 00:11:23,679 Speaker 1: multi year beneficial to productivity. 211 00:11:23,760 --> 00:11:25,360 Speaker 8: So yes, I'm still fifty to fifty. 212 00:11:25,360 --> 00:11:28,040 Speaker 1: The market is replicing now closer to fifty to fifty, 213 00:11:28,200 --> 00:11:30,120 Speaker 1: which is I think that that's the correct thing for 214 00:11:30,160 --> 00:11:30,880 Speaker 1: the markets to do. 215 00:11:31,080 --> 00:11:32,360 Speaker 2: We can answer that, I think there's a lot of 216 00:11:32,360 --> 00:11:34,400 Speaker 2: faith at a moment. Based on the conversations we've had 217 00:11:34,440 --> 00:11:37,000 Speaker 2: so far this morning, Lisa, that many people still don't 218 00:11:37,000 --> 00:11:38,640 Speaker 2: believe these tariffs even go on, and if they do, 219 00:11:38,679 --> 00:11:41,240 Speaker 2: it won't last long. We've got these two key dates now. 220 00:11:41,280 --> 00:11:44,440 Speaker 2: April fifth is tomorrow, so that's the baseline ten percent tariff. 221 00:11:44,440 --> 00:11:46,720 Speaker 2: April ninth is when you hear the twenty on the EU, 222 00:11:47,080 --> 00:11:49,520 Speaker 2: twenty four on Japan, thirty four on China, and the 223 00:11:49,520 --> 00:11:52,160 Speaker 2: big numbers on everybody else. Everybody thinks that we can 224 00:11:52,200 --> 00:11:54,720 Speaker 2: negotiate something in between. I think they're scared of the 225 00:11:54,760 --> 00:11:56,720 Speaker 2: moment that we won't. But if you go through all 226 00:11:56,760 --> 00:11:59,000 Speaker 2: the research on Wall Street right now, the base case 227 00:11:59,160 --> 00:12:01,840 Speaker 2: is this won't happen, and I wonder where that fight 228 00:12:01,920 --> 00:12:02,600 Speaker 2: comes from. 229 00:12:02,960 --> 00:12:05,520 Speaker 3: At a certain point, there was this belief heading into 230 00:12:05,520 --> 00:12:08,959 Speaker 3: this year that the Fed put was there and that 231 00:12:09,040 --> 00:12:13,760 Speaker 3: the Trump put was there. To imagine that an administration 232 00:12:13,880 --> 00:12:17,280 Speaker 3: would allow an economy to tank or a market to 233 00:12:17,360 --> 00:12:19,720 Speaker 3: tank seems infeasible, and I think that's what a lot 234 00:12:19,760 --> 00:12:22,240 Speaker 3: of people are looking at. If you put on top 235 00:12:22,320 --> 00:12:25,040 Speaker 3: of that this question of where is the off ramp 236 00:12:25,040 --> 00:12:27,960 Speaker 3: for the tit for tat retaliation? How do we start 237 00:12:27,960 --> 00:12:31,360 Speaker 3: to estimate the damage from that, it becomes a fool's 238 00:12:31,480 --> 00:12:33,440 Speaker 3: errand try to model out. And I think a lot 239 00:12:33,440 --> 00:12:35,439 Speaker 3: of people are just saying, look, we're just going to 240 00:12:35,480 --> 00:12:36,600 Speaker 3: assume that's not going to happen. 241 00:12:36,679 --> 00:12:38,600 Speaker 2: Jeff, where does that fith come from in the market 242 00:12:38,679 --> 00:12:40,800 Speaker 2: right now? That is so bad it just won't happen. 243 00:12:42,520 --> 00:12:44,520 Speaker 6: I think as you're pointing out that fail or as 244 00:12:44,600 --> 00:12:46,960 Speaker 6: Muhammad was pointing out, I think that faith is being 245 00:12:47,320 --> 00:12:49,959 Speaker 6: is being challenged day by day, and I think that's 246 00:12:49,960 --> 00:12:54,400 Speaker 6: why you're seeing the market reactions. Yeah, so you know, 247 00:12:55,000 --> 00:12:59,600 Speaker 6: I think the only path forward is to observe what 248 00:12:59,640 --> 00:13:03,600 Speaker 6: this administration and the policies that it chooses to implement are. 249 00:13:03,679 --> 00:13:08,560 Speaker 6: It's very possible to forecast, but the eighty twenty to 250 00:13:08,600 --> 00:13:12,000 Speaker 6: fifty to fifty I think is right, and you see it, 251 00:13:12,080 --> 00:13:14,880 Speaker 6: you know, in these in these market reactions. 252 00:13:14,440 --> 00:13:15,560 Speaker 4: Sephany, how do you model this? 253 00:13:16,240 --> 00:13:18,319 Speaker 5: So we've definitely tried to model this a number of 254 00:13:18,320 --> 00:13:22,559 Speaker 5: different ways base cases, We've taken the we've done the 255 00:13:22,559 --> 00:13:24,760 Speaker 5: fools that are an approach, and tried to model from 256 00:13:24,760 --> 00:13:26,959 Speaker 5: a global perspective, what happens if we play all of 257 00:13:27,000 --> 00:13:29,400 Speaker 5: the tariffs, what happens if everybody else retaliates in kind, 258 00:13:29,440 --> 00:13:31,160 Speaker 5: and then you get some offsetting factors. 259 00:13:31,480 --> 00:13:34,000 Speaker 4: That looks the numbers are kind of comically bad. 260 00:13:34,640 --> 00:13:37,000 Speaker 5: You're looking at something like a two to three percentage 261 00:13:37,000 --> 00:13:39,800 Speaker 5: point headwind on GDP if this all really plays out again. 262 00:13:39,880 --> 00:13:41,439 Speaker 5: We don't think it will play out to that extent. 263 00:13:41,520 --> 00:13:43,520 Speaker 5: We think it will be pretty severe, which is why 264 00:13:43,559 --> 00:13:45,840 Speaker 5: we took a growth growth estimates down for this year 265 00:13:45,880 --> 00:13:46,600 Speaker 5: two point five. 266 00:13:46,480 --> 00:13:47,959 Speaker 4: Percent and recession jobs. 267 00:13:47,840 --> 00:13:50,720 Speaker 5: Up to forty percent, because this is these policies are 268 00:13:50,720 --> 00:13:52,520 Speaker 5: bad and it's hard for the administration to walk away 269 00:13:52,559 --> 00:13:55,240 Speaker 5: away from it unless something forces them to do so, 270 00:13:55,679 --> 00:13:56,760 Speaker 5: and we're not there yet. 271 00:13:57,000 --> 00:13:59,680 Speaker 2: Stephanie Raltha will three such a special thanks alongside Jeff 272 00:13:59,720 --> 00:14:02,040 Speaker 2: Rosen of Blank Rog Muhammad, I just wanted to give 273 00:14:02,080 --> 00:14:03,959 Speaker 2: you the final word before we go. What you'll be 274 00:14:04,000 --> 00:14:06,120 Speaker 2: looking for going into the weekend and as we reset 275 00:14:06,480 --> 00:14:08,560 Speaker 2: coming into next week. What's the number one thing at 276 00:14:08,559 --> 00:14:09,319 Speaker 2: the top of your list. 277 00:14:10,640 --> 00:14:12,400 Speaker 8: Number one is listening to the administration. 278 00:14:12,520 --> 00:14:15,560 Speaker 1: I think there is a belief that you may have 279 00:14:15,679 --> 00:14:19,160 Speaker 1: to break some things to remake the global order, but 280 00:14:19,320 --> 00:14:23,680 Speaker 1: remaking the global order is the objective. And you have 281 00:14:23,800 --> 00:14:27,920 Speaker 1: the very specific example of X where you had to 282 00:14:27,960 --> 00:14:30,840 Speaker 1: break things to remake it at the back of people's mind. 283 00:14:31,200 --> 00:14:34,280 Speaker 1: But also listen to business, and I've been on the 284 00:14:34,360 --> 00:14:37,080 Speaker 1: phone NonStop with business leaders. 285 00:14:37,400 --> 00:14:39,080 Speaker 8: And they are not waiting John. 286 00:14:39,880 --> 00:14:43,680 Speaker 1: They see hit on the cost side, They're worried about 287 00:14:43,680 --> 00:14:47,360 Speaker 1: demand destruction on the revenue side, and they're starting to 288 00:14:47,400 --> 00:14:52,080 Speaker 1: make difficult decisions about the balance between profit margin, compression, 289 00:14:53,320 --> 00:14:56,080 Speaker 1: higher prices and cutting costs. 290 00:14:56,680 --> 00:14:59,400 Speaker 8: And these discussions, believe me, are really active. 291 00:14:59,520 --> 00:15:02,400 Speaker 1: Business is not gonna wake because they're going to try 292 00:15:02,440 --> 00:15:07,320 Speaker 1: to rebuild resilience because whatever people disagree on, I think 293 00:15:07,360 --> 00:15:10,920 Speaker 1: most of us agree on this being a very uncertain environment. 294 00:15:11,440 --> 00:15:14,400 Speaker 2: Mohammed, I appreciate your time, sir as always, Mohammed, are 295 00:15:14,440 --> 00:15:26,440 Speaker 2: in there of Queen's College, Cambridge with this around the table, 296 00:15:26,440 --> 00:15:29,480 Speaker 2: micro Jesus of Morgan standing Michael komorning, good morning. This 297 00:15:29,560 --> 00:15:31,360 Speaker 2: is tough for a lot of people. It's so bad 298 00:15:31,400 --> 00:15:34,000 Speaker 2: it just won't happen. Is that your position on things? 299 00:15:35,040 --> 00:15:38,800 Speaker 9: Well, I think there's probably plenty of room for negotiation. 300 00:15:38,880 --> 00:15:41,120 Speaker 9: We just don't know what the parameters are, right, So 301 00:15:41,440 --> 00:15:46,720 Speaker 9: when we'd expect that lower terrariffs, potentially asset purchases, potentially 302 00:15:46,760 --> 00:15:49,480 Speaker 9: more military spending in some of these situations might help, 303 00:15:49,560 --> 00:15:52,120 Speaker 9: but really we're in this discovery process right now of 304 00:15:52,160 --> 00:15:54,960 Speaker 9: what the sufficient conditions are. Unfortunately, and they don't think 305 00:15:55,000 --> 00:15:57,880 Speaker 9: this will clarify anything for anyone. They're probably different conditions 306 00:15:57,920 --> 00:16:01,440 Speaker 9: for different countries. So we shouldn't go into this, at 307 00:16:01,520 --> 00:16:04,200 Speaker 9: least from my perspective, thinking that any of these negotiations 308 00:16:04,240 --> 00:16:06,200 Speaker 9: will go quickly or any of this terraff relief will 309 00:16:06,240 --> 00:16:09,040 Speaker 9: come about quickly, and so we do need to price 310 00:16:09,080 --> 00:16:12,040 Speaker 9: in at least most of the negative consequences of these choices. 311 00:16:12,400 --> 00:16:15,160 Speaker 3: What is the significance of the formula that this Trump 312 00:16:15,200 --> 00:16:18,800 Speaker 3: administration use to come up with the teriff rights on 313 00:16:18,840 --> 00:16:19,520 Speaker 3: each country? 314 00:16:19,760 --> 00:16:22,000 Speaker 9: Yeah, I mean, I only know what they've told us, 315 00:16:22,080 --> 00:16:25,040 Speaker 9: which is effectively that it's supposed to be a representation 316 00:16:25,240 --> 00:16:28,240 Speaker 9: of the trade deficit and that in a theoretical world 317 00:16:28,280 --> 00:16:31,360 Speaker 9: where if tariffs are equalized, that there would be no 318 00:16:31,480 --> 00:16:34,880 Speaker 9: good trade deficit. That said, you know, I don't know 319 00:16:34,920 --> 00:16:36,840 Speaker 9: if the information we're supposed to take from that is 320 00:16:36,880 --> 00:16:39,840 Speaker 9: that their end goal is to just get good trade 321 00:16:39,880 --> 00:16:43,280 Speaker 9: deficits down to zero, or if just that they apply 322 00:16:43,320 --> 00:16:46,000 Speaker 9: the methodology and they're willing to talk about it again. 323 00:16:46,080 --> 00:16:48,600 Speaker 9: I think we're in that discovery process over the next week. 324 00:16:48,800 --> 00:16:51,240 Speaker 9: But either way, it doesn't seem like we're going to 325 00:16:51,280 --> 00:16:52,920 Speaker 9: get relief quickly from any of this. 326 00:16:53,440 --> 00:16:56,160 Speaker 3: I was speaking with an investment manager yesterday and I said, 327 00:16:56,200 --> 00:16:59,280 Speaker 3: you know, what is your methodology of taking all of 328 00:16:59,280 --> 00:17:01,360 Speaker 3: the data that we're getting it and ranking it, etc. 329 00:17:01,680 --> 00:17:05,680 Speaker 3: And they said, I run a lot. I run frequently. 330 00:17:06,320 --> 00:17:08,840 Speaker 3: What are on earth that you're telling your clients? Yeah. 331 00:17:08,880 --> 00:17:12,600 Speaker 9: I think what we said coming into the year is 332 00:17:12,640 --> 00:17:15,040 Speaker 9: that we did think that higher tariffs were going to 333 00:17:15,080 --> 00:17:18,280 Speaker 9: be a fixture of the US policy posture. We thought 334 00:17:18,280 --> 00:17:20,480 Speaker 9: it was going to be mostly aligned with China and 335 00:17:20,520 --> 00:17:22,560 Speaker 9: kind of rest of world would be a lighter touch. 336 00:17:22,920 --> 00:17:26,440 Speaker 9: That's still generally true, but the China tariffs happened faster 337 00:17:26,560 --> 00:17:28,520 Speaker 9: than we thought. We did think they'd get to sixty percent, 338 00:17:28,560 --> 00:17:30,480 Speaker 9: but we thought that was kind of an early twenty 339 00:17:30,480 --> 00:17:33,720 Speaker 9: twenty six event, and rest of world would sort of 340 00:17:33,720 --> 00:17:35,520 Speaker 9: be product by product in a lighter touch. 341 00:17:35,840 --> 00:17:37,360 Speaker 4: So the new thing we have to bake. 342 00:17:37,160 --> 00:17:40,120 Speaker 9: In here is rest of world tariffs are higher. There's 343 00:17:40,160 --> 00:17:42,680 Speaker 9: at least that ten percent minimum, and then there's higher 344 00:17:42,760 --> 00:17:44,600 Speaker 9: levels on top of that, maybe some of that and 345 00:17:44,600 --> 00:17:47,320 Speaker 9: it gets negotiated back. But that means there is a 346 00:17:47,359 --> 00:17:50,280 Speaker 9: weaker growth outlook than we would have anticipated. So now 347 00:17:50,280 --> 00:17:53,720 Speaker 9: we have to price in weaker growth, higher recession probability, 348 00:17:54,160 --> 00:17:56,760 Speaker 9: and unfortunately, we think most risk markets just aren't priced 349 00:17:56,800 --> 00:17:57,520 Speaker 9: for that reality. 350 00:17:57,640 --> 00:17:57,880 Speaker 8: Yet. 351 00:17:57,920 --> 00:18:00,200 Speaker 9: Some of the stuff becomes positive catalysts once you've price 352 00:18:00,280 --> 00:18:01,600 Speaker 9: that in, but we're not quite there yet. 353 00:18:01,640 --> 00:18:03,760 Speaker 2: Do you entertain the theory that this was about getting 354 00:18:03,760 --> 00:18:06,119 Speaker 2: the band stuff out the way, getting rights down, getting 355 00:18:06,119 --> 00:18:08,760 Speaker 2: bond yachts below four percent down towards three before they 356 00:18:08,800 --> 00:18:10,000 Speaker 2: come out with a massive tax plan. 357 00:18:10,040 --> 00:18:11,040 Speaker 4: Do you entertain any of that? 358 00:18:12,160 --> 00:18:12,359 Speaker 2: You know? 359 00:18:12,400 --> 00:18:13,720 Speaker 9: I tend to look at this more as it was 360 00:18:13,720 --> 00:18:17,800 Speaker 9: a sequencing of what was available to them politically and 361 00:18:17,840 --> 00:18:21,960 Speaker 9: sort of legislatively going into this. Right So, because you 362 00:18:21,960 --> 00:18:24,240 Speaker 9: could sort of make a theory that, hey, why don't 363 00:18:24,240 --> 00:18:26,359 Speaker 9: we just do the tax cuts first and create space 364 00:18:26,400 --> 00:18:29,240 Speaker 9: to operate and incur some of the pain around tariffs 365 00:18:29,280 --> 00:18:31,520 Speaker 9: and the effort of kind of this grand remaking it, 366 00:18:31,600 --> 00:18:34,720 Speaker 9: that's what people hopedful, right, But I think practically speaking, 367 00:18:34,760 --> 00:18:37,280 Speaker 9: the ability to actually extend tax cuts and or do 368 00:18:37,359 --> 00:18:39,359 Speaker 9: more wasn't going to be on offer early because you 369 00:18:39,400 --> 00:18:43,520 Speaker 9: had to work through the budget reconciliation process really slim majority, 370 00:18:43,640 --> 00:18:46,880 Speaker 9: So you work with the things that are executive controlled, 371 00:18:46,880 --> 00:18:50,679 Speaker 9: which is terroriffts, because that's that's open to you, and 372 00:18:50,800 --> 00:18:53,400 Speaker 9: the legislative stuff was just always going to take longer. 373 00:18:53,480 --> 00:18:54,960 Speaker 9: So I don't know there's a lot of rhyme or 374 00:18:55,000 --> 00:18:57,520 Speaker 9: reason to it other than the administration's doing what they 375 00:18:57,520 --> 00:19:00,520 Speaker 9: can do with the tools they have available in service 376 00:19:00,560 --> 00:19:02,600 Speaker 9: of their medium term goals, and this just happens to 377 00:19:02,600 --> 00:19:03,680 Speaker 9: be the sequencing of it. 378 00:19:03,800 --> 00:19:05,320 Speaker 2: The challenge at the moment for a lot of us 379 00:19:05,400 --> 00:19:07,040 Speaker 2: is to kind of put markets to one side and 380 00:19:07,040 --> 00:19:09,560 Speaker 2: think about where we'll be twelve months out. Yeah, in 381 00:19:09,600 --> 00:19:11,520 Speaker 2: twelve months time, when you've got your hands around the 382 00:19:11,560 --> 00:19:14,879 Speaker 2: more complete policy platform, not just trying but taxes as well, 383 00:19:15,000 --> 00:19:16,199 Speaker 2: what's the mix going to look like? 384 00:19:16,760 --> 00:19:19,119 Speaker 9: Well, listen, there's two ways to think about this, as like, 385 00:19:19,240 --> 00:19:21,399 Speaker 9: are you better off twelve months from now than you 386 00:19:21,400 --> 00:19:23,960 Speaker 9: would have been if these choices haven't been made. That's 387 00:19:24,000 --> 00:19:26,880 Speaker 9: an open question, And now I think answering that question 388 00:19:26,960 --> 00:19:30,680 Speaker 9: isn't necessarily relevant in the sense of the real question 389 00:19:30,840 --> 00:19:34,280 Speaker 9: is can we price in the kind of negative effects 390 00:19:34,400 --> 00:19:37,159 Speaker 9: of making these policy attempts? And once you've done that, 391 00:19:37,200 --> 00:19:39,359 Speaker 9: can the policy choices you make to kind of ease 392 00:19:39,400 --> 00:19:41,639 Speaker 9: that get it better. So if we were to kind 393 00:19:41,680 --> 00:19:45,480 Speaker 9: of fully price in higher recession probabilities, weaker growth outlook, 394 00:19:45,840 --> 00:19:48,240 Speaker 9: and then some of these negotiations on tariffs workout, and 395 00:19:48,280 --> 00:19:51,000 Speaker 9: then maybe we get a bigger tax cut, then we 396 00:19:51,040 --> 00:19:52,760 Speaker 9: anticipate because right now we think it's going to be 397 00:19:52,840 --> 00:19:54,600 Speaker 9: mostly an extension of the TCJA. 398 00:19:55,040 --> 00:19:55,840 Speaker 4: Those things can. 399 00:19:55,800 --> 00:19:59,600 Speaker 9: Be positives on top of pricing in negative outcomes. So 400 00:19:59,600 --> 00:20:01,280 Speaker 9: I think we to go through the praising and the 401 00:20:01,280 --> 00:20:02,320 Speaker 9: negative outcomes first. 402 00:20:02,480 --> 00:20:05,600 Speaker 3: Yesterday there were a lot of historic kinds of comments, 403 00:20:05,760 --> 00:20:08,800 Speaker 3: a lot of catastrophic rhetoric see changed the loss of 404 00:20:08,920 --> 00:20:12,399 Speaker 3: US exceptionalism. Did you take comfort in the fact that 405 00:20:12,440 --> 00:20:15,800 Speaker 3: treasuries rallied and John mentioned this earlier that even though 406 00:20:15,840 --> 00:20:19,320 Speaker 3: people were talking about boycotting US goods or boycotting the 407 00:20:19,480 --> 00:20:22,439 Speaker 3: US dollar, you did see yields go lower as a 408 00:20:22,440 --> 00:20:23,359 Speaker 3: have in trade. 409 00:20:23,560 --> 00:20:27,080 Speaker 9: I mean, it was obviously incredibly large in liquid market, 410 00:20:27,200 --> 00:20:30,360 Speaker 9: and it makes sense that in times of uncertainty, where 411 00:20:30,520 --> 00:20:34,040 Speaker 9: growth expectations are weaker, that you'd be buying more treasuries. 412 00:20:34,080 --> 00:20:37,200 Speaker 9: I think that to us was sort of never in question. 413 00:20:37,280 --> 00:20:39,639 Speaker 9: I know there are sort of hypothetical longer term concerns. 414 00:20:39,680 --> 00:20:42,600 Speaker 9: But that's why we've had this preference for fixed income 415 00:20:42,760 --> 00:20:46,000 Speaker 9: over equities coming into the year and then throughout all 416 00:20:46,000 --> 00:20:47,399 Speaker 9: of this and think that's still the way to be 417 00:20:47,480 --> 00:20:48,320 Speaker 9: positioned right now. 418 00:20:48,440 --> 00:20:50,679 Speaker 2: That's the silver lining for me, And I wasn't your 419 00:20:50,720 --> 00:20:53,120 Speaker 2: base case, but I'd be extremely worried if we woke 420 00:20:53,200 --> 00:20:55,280 Speaker 2: up one morning and you had all those people that 421 00:20:55,280 --> 00:20:57,840 Speaker 2: were running around saying we're going to see an exodus 422 00:20:57,840 --> 00:21:00,000 Speaker 2: of money from the United States. People are going to 423 00:21:00,240 --> 00:21:04,640 Speaker 2: dump dollar denominated assets. They're dumping equities because that's associated 424 00:21:04,680 --> 00:21:07,879 Speaker 2: with growth. I don't think it's a sign here that 425 00:21:07,920 --> 00:21:11,200 Speaker 2: they're dumping dollar denominated assets because of the policy volatility, 426 00:21:11,200 --> 00:21:13,560 Speaker 2: because that would show up in treasuries too, and that 427 00:21:14,080 --> 00:21:16,399 Speaker 2: is what would really concern me. And that's the silver 428 00:21:16,480 --> 00:21:18,399 Speaker 2: lining I think from the cross asset price section of 429 00:21:18,440 --> 00:21:20,840 Speaker 2: the past twenty four hours or so, then at least. 430 00:21:20,720 --> 00:21:22,800 Speaker 3: The United States is not acting like an emerging market 431 00:21:22,840 --> 00:21:24,480 Speaker 3: in this respect, because that's exactly. 432 00:21:24,640 --> 00:21:25,440 Speaker 4: The dollar weakness. 433 00:21:25,480 --> 00:21:28,680 Speaker 2: But the dollar weakness accompanied with a bond market sell 434 00:21:28,720 --> 00:21:31,520 Speaker 2: off would be getting my attention in a much more 435 00:21:31,560 --> 00:21:33,080 Speaker 2: negative way, and I think it would get the federal 436 00:21:33,080 --> 00:21:33,760 Speaker 2: reserves as well. 437 00:21:33,840 --> 00:21:35,520 Speaker 3: We're a far way away from that, and the United 438 00:21:35,560 --> 00:21:37,960 Speaker 3: States still is the dominant market, which goes to this 439 00:21:38,040 --> 00:21:40,000 Speaker 3: idea of how do you get perspective at a time 440 00:21:40,280 --> 00:21:41,360 Speaker 3: of a lot of superlatives. 441 00:21:41,400 --> 00:21:43,200 Speaker 2: Let's hope we never see that. Let's be very clear 442 00:21:43,200 --> 00:21:44,840 Speaker 2: about that. Michael, thank you. So it's good to see 443 00:21:44,920 --> 00:21:47,919 Speaker 2: Michael sees are there of Morgan Stanley. This is the 444 00:21:47,960 --> 00:21:52,200 Speaker 2: Bloomberg Sevenants podcast, bringing you the best in markets, economics, 445 00:21:52,200 --> 00:21:55,160 Speaker 2: antient politics. You can watch the show live on Bloomberg 446 00:21:55,200 --> 00:21:58,360 Speaker 2: TV weekday mornings from six am to nine am Eastern. 447 00:21:58,640 --> 00:22:02,000 Speaker 2: Subscribe to the podcast on Apple, Spotify, or anywhere else 448 00:22:02,040 --> 00:22:04,679 Speaker 2: you listen, and as always on the Bloomberg Terminal and 449 00:22:04,760 --> 00:22:05,920 Speaker 2: the Bloomberg Business app. 450 00:22:09,880 --> 00:22:10,400 Speaker 7: Mm hmm