WEBVTT - Air Polluters Can't Ignore Citizen Science Anymore 0:00:00.320 --> 0:00:02.480 If you're exposed to a lot of air pollution, you 0:00:02.520 --> 0:00:04.520 don't need to wait around for the EPA to sample 0:00:04.559 --> 0:00:07.760 your air quality, at least not anymore. Today on the podcast, 0:00:07.840 --> 0:00:11.240 we talk about fence line communities, citizen science, and what 0:00:11.320 --> 0:00:22.920 this all means for polluters. Hello, and welcome back once 0:00:22.920 --> 0:00:26.120 again to Parts Pervilion, the environmental podcast from Bloomberg Law. 0:00:26.239 --> 0:00:29.880 I'm your host, David Schultz. So averages can be a 0:00:29.960 --> 0:00:33.839 really cruel mathematical concept. Think about it. If the average 0:00:33.840 --> 0:00:36.960 temperature of your microwave pizza is perfect, that sounds great, 0:00:37.200 --> 0:00:38.960 but it could also mean that parts of the pizza 0:00:39.000 --> 0:00:42.400 are still frozen and other parts are tongue meltingly hot. 0:00:42.920 --> 0:00:46.239 That's a lesson that I've learned the hard way multiple times. 0:00:47.000 --> 0:00:49.440 Along those same lines, you may live in a state 0:00:49.520 --> 0:00:52.960 that meets the federal air quality standards on average, but 0:00:53.000 --> 0:00:54.840 if you live right next door to a factory that 0:00:54.920 --> 0:00:58.120 spews pollution twenty four seven, you might be getting exposed 0:00:58.160 --> 0:01:01.760 to wag way more toxins than the average person. The 0:01:01.840 --> 0:01:03.920 Federal Clean Air Act is supposed to account for this 0:01:03.960 --> 0:01:06.320 type of disparity, but it's the kind of law that's 0:01:06.360 --> 0:01:08.720 only as good as the data that you feed into it. 0:01:09.160 --> 0:01:12.400 So now, as Bloomberg Laws Jennifer had Jazzy recently reported, 0:01:12.760 --> 0:01:15.319 some people who live adjacent to big sources of pollution 0:01:15.640 --> 0:01:19.160 in places known as fence line communities are taking matters 0:01:19.200 --> 0:01:22.720 into their own hands in using new inexpensive air monitoring 0:01:22.720 --> 0:01:25.959 devices to find out exactly how much pollution they're really 0:01:26.080 --> 0:01:28.760 exposed to. This has the potential to open up a 0:01:28.800 --> 0:01:32.040 Pandora's box of legal liability for the companies that operate 0:01:32.080 --> 0:01:34.680 these industrial sites. And we'll get to that in a bit, 0:01:35.080 --> 0:01:36.920 But first I ask Jennifer to explain to me what 0:01:37.040 --> 0:01:40.920 fence line communities actually are and who lives there. Yeah. 0:01:40.959 --> 0:01:44.560 I mean these could be communities that are in proximity 0:01:44.640 --> 0:01:49.560 to a factory, industrial metal shredder plant. They could be 0:01:49.760 --> 0:01:51.960 on the border of an oil refinery. They could also 0:01:52.040 --> 0:01:54.360 be on the border of a highway. Fence Line communities, 0:01:54.440 --> 0:01:57.160 as a term of art, can mean any type of 0:01:57.160 --> 0:02:02.320 community that is neighboring a major source of pollution. And 0:02:02.480 --> 0:02:06.240 as we know, these communities are largely low income, low 0:02:06.280 --> 0:02:09.480 wealth communities of color. That's interesting. I didn't realize that 0:02:09.480 --> 0:02:11.640 that it's not just communities next to a factory. So 0:02:11.680 --> 0:02:13.640 it could also be a highway, which, yeah, is a 0:02:13.680 --> 0:02:18.639 really big source of pollution, right. So I always thought 0:02:18.720 --> 0:02:21.680 that the Clean Air Act was really really strict in 0:02:21.760 --> 0:02:25.920 terms of like requiring the EPA to monitor these pollution 0:02:26.040 --> 0:02:29.080 levels really closely in these communities. But you spoke with 0:02:29.120 --> 0:02:31.400 some people who said that it's actually not as strict 0:02:31.400 --> 0:02:34.400 as you would think, and not nearly strict enough. Can 0:02:34.440 --> 0:02:38.280 you explain that. Yeah, So the Clean Air Act has 0:02:38.280 --> 0:02:41.360 done marvelous things for our air quality, you know, since 0:02:41.400 --> 0:02:45.200 it was crafted, since it was finalized in the seventies, 0:02:45.240 --> 0:02:50.320 But it really only manages criteria air pollutants and hazardous 0:02:50.360 --> 0:02:56.399 air pollutants up to a certain degree. So it regulates 0:02:56.440 --> 0:02:59.720 pollutants in the ambient air for states. So national ambient 0:02:59.720 --> 0:03:04.200 air quality standards will track criteria air pollutants like particulate 0:03:04.240 --> 0:03:07.160 matter and things like that on a statewide level, or 0:03:07.520 --> 0:03:11.200 hazardous air pollutants on a permit to permit level. But 0:03:11.400 --> 0:03:15.400 in terms of regulating hazardous air pollutants for certain fence 0:03:15.440 --> 0:03:17.919 line communities that are right on the border of these facilities, 0:03:18.120 --> 0:03:20.040 that's where the Clean Air Act kind of stops short. 0:03:20.280 --> 0:03:22.160 So for a lot of these communities that may be 0:03:22.240 --> 0:03:25.800 in a state that is meeting ambient air quality standards 0:03:25.840 --> 0:03:30.080 national air quality standards. A lot of these communities are 0:03:30.080 --> 0:03:33.320 still arguing, well, yes, so our state might be in compliance, 0:03:33.320 --> 0:03:35.720 but we are on the border of a facility that's 0:03:35.800 --> 0:03:41.520 still emitting all of these toxic pollutants into our general 0:03:41.600 --> 0:03:44.440 facinity vicinity. So even though they may be within their 0:03:44.960 --> 0:03:48.760 permit requirements, they're still releasing a lot of stuff that's 0:03:48.760 --> 0:03:51.320 affecting the surrounding community. Well right off the bat, I mean, 0:03:51.360 --> 0:03:53.400 I can just see some really obvious problems with that. 0:03:53.520 --> 0:03:56.840 Like for a state that's really big geographically, let's say 0:03:57.360 --> 0:04:00.600 Montana or something like that, it'd be really easy to 0:04:00.960 --> 0:04:04.560 meet air pollution standards for the entire state. But if 0:04:04.560 --> 0:04:07.560 you're living next to a huge emitter, that's still going 0:04:07.640 --> 0:04:10.600 to be a really big problem. And the according to 0:04:10.600 --> 0:04:14.440 the Clean Air Act, everything's fine. Am I getting that right? 0:04:14.520 --> 0:04:18.160 Or am I mischaracterizing it? Yeah? It's It's more like, 0:04:18.440 --> 0:04:21.080 according to the Clean Air Act, you know, a state 0:04:21.600 --> 0:04:25.320 and or on a facility level, could be meeting their 0:04:25.320 --> 0:04:28.320 permit requirements to their national ambient air quality standards, But 0:04:28.839 --> 0:04:33.080 for these communities right on the borders of you know, facilities, refineries. 0:04:33.160 --> 0:04:35.400 Everything is not fine, even though you know, on a 0:04:35.400 --> 0:04:37.960 surface level, on a legal level, the Clean Air Act 0:04:38.080 --> 0:04:40.760 is doing its job. And when we say everything is 0:04:40.760 --> 0:04:43.560 not fine, let's actually define what we're talking about here. 0:04:43.560 --> 0:04:46.520 I mean, you know, you mentioned particular matter. That's one 0:04:46.560 --> 0:04:48.839 air pollutant, but there are a lot of others. What 0:04:48.920 --> 0:04:51.560 are these pollution What are these air pollutants that we're 0:04:51.560 --> 0:04:55.240 talking about and what can they do to your health 0:04:55.360 --> 0:04:58.000 if you are exposed to too much of them? Yeah, 0:04:58.040 --> 0:05:01.120 there's so Under the Clean Air Act, they're kind of 0:05:01.800 --> 0:05:05.440 pollutants are split into two major categories. There's hazardous air 0:05:05.480 --> 0:05:09.960 pollutants like benzine, things like that, and then criteria air 0:05:09.960 --> 0:05:16.200 pollutants particulate matter, ozone, smock, things like that. Depending on 0:05:16.240 --> 0:05:19.360 the pollutant, it does different things. So communities that are 0:05:19.400 --> 0:05:23.160 living on the fence line of facilities that say are 0:05:23.160 --> 0:05:26.279 emitting you know, particulate matter and benzine, like, we're looking 0:05:26.320 --> 0:05:29.680 at long term health effects and short term health effects 0:05:29.720 --> 0:05:33.839 depending on what the chemical is. So long term health effects, 0:05:33.839 --> 0:05:38.919 we're looking at pulmonary problems, heart disease, things that you 0:05:38.960 --> 0:05:41.040 know folks go to a hospital for and you know, 0:05:41.200 --> 0:05:43.720 on a death certificate it says heart disease. But at 0:05:43.720 --> 0:05:45.640 the end of the day, they've been exposed over a 0:05:45.640 --> 0:05:49.280 long period of time to these chemicals that are regulated, 0:05:49.440 --> 0:05:53.960 but you know, within a certain community are still really concentrated. 0:05:54.200 --> 0:05:56.160 That's a that's a really good point that you don't 0:05:56.360 --> 0:05:58.400 you don't read a lot of obituaries that say so 0:05:58.520 --> 0:06:02.240 and so died of air pollution. Yeah. Absolutely, And you know, 0:06:02.640 --> 0:06:05.440 as we know now, like air pollution kills millions of 0:06:05.440 --> 0:06:08.640 people a year all over the world, and short term 0:06:08.680 --> 0:06:15.800 health effects can range from stomach aches, nausea, headaches, trouble 0:06:15.839 --> 0:06:19.120 with vision, all kinds of all kinds of nasty stuff. 0:06:19.440 --> 0:06:21.960 And you know it's also again you already mentioned this, 0:06:22.000 --> 0:06:25.320 but it bears repeating that the communities that live in 0:06:25.440 --> 0:06:29.599 these fence line areas are typically lower income, often minority 0:06:29.640 --> 0:06:33.560 communities that already have issues with access to healthcare. So 0:06:33.600 --> 0:06:36.520 this just can kind of compound those issues, right, absolutely, 0:06:36.680 --> 0:06:40.720 cumulative effects. So let's get into your story. You know, 0:06:40.880 --> 0:06:43.039 we've talked about on this podcast before a very long 0:06:43.080 --> 0:06:47.360 time ago that air monitoring technology is getting cheaper and 0:06:47.480 --> 0:06:52.039 cheaper and more sophisticated and more sophisticated, and it sounds 0:06:52.040 --> 0:06:54.719 like communities, some of these fence line communities are taking 0:06:54.720 --> 0:06:57.680 this matter into their own hands and are gathering their 0:06:57.680 --> 0:07:00.560 own data. Can you talk a little bit about that. Yeah, 0:07:00.640 --> 0:07:05.840 So I spoke to Juan Floras, who's managing an air 0:07:05.880 --> 0:07:10.280 monitoring network for airlines Houston for example. So that's an 0:07:10.360 --> 0:07:13.840 organization that's run out of Texas, and he is at 0:07:13.880 --> 0:07:17.880 the helm of this program where they're actually installing different 0:07:17.920 --> 0:07:21.440 types of purple air monitors and APIs air monitors all 0:07:21.480 --> 0:07:25.920 over all across five communities and like the Pasadena area 0:07:26.240 --> 0:07:29.800 Galena Park in Texas that are particularly Pasadena right on 0:07:29.840 --> 0:07:33.000 the border of refineries and you know, really polluting facilities. 0:07:33.000 --> 0:07:34.640 And I think he would there was a quote in 0:07:34.640 --> 0:07:36.760 your story where he said that, you know, when he 0:07:36.800 --> 0:07:39.520 was growing up, they called Pasadena stinkad here, right, Yeah, 0:07:39.560 --> 0:07:44.679 And he mentioned that, you know, these facilities that are 0:07:44.720 --> 0:07:47.720 permitted to operate in this area under the Clean Air Act. 0:07:48.360 --> 0:07:51.920 You know, the all of the legal checks are, all 0:07:51.960 --> 0:07:54.480 of the legal boxes are checked. But you know, one 0:07:54.520 --> 0:07:57.640 day there's a flare or a big chemical release and 0:07:58.080 --> 0:08:01.520 the surrounding neighborhood can literally smell the chemicals in the air. 0:08:01.520 --> 0:08:04.640 It's giving them headaches, it's giving their kids nausea. But 0:08:04.760 --> 0:08:06.680 you know, by the time he said that, by the 0:08:06.720 --> 0:08:10.600 time an official comes out sometimes oftentimes days later, there's 0:08:11.200 --> 0:08:15.200 no proof that, you know, a pollution spike occurred. And 0:08:15.280 --> 0:08:18.160 so this is kind of their way, he said, of 0:08:18.400 --> 0:08:20.600 putting the data back into their own hands and not 0:08:20.680 --> 0:08:23.960 only being able to use them for like future legal challenges. 0:08:24.000 --> 0:08:26.760 That's all down the road, but you know, putting it 0:08:26.760 --> 0:08:29.560 into a dashboard where community members can actually see what's 0:08:29.600 --> 0:08:32.000 in their air and for them to be better informed 0:08:32.120 --> 0:08:37.119 themselves about what kind of things they're being exposed to. 0:08:48.960 --> 0:08:52.400 This opens up a whole host of questions. Let's start 0:08:52.400 --> 0:08:55.720 with the legal questions. Can this be admitted into court 0:08:55.800 --> 0:08:58.920 like cold Could the people who live in these areas 0:08:58.920 --> 0:09:02.360 and are gathering these this data with their own error 0:09:02.400 --> 0:09:06.040 pollution monitoring, Could they go to court and either sue 0:09:06.080 --> 0:09:09.400 the companies who own the factories or sue the EPA 0:09:09.440 --> 0:09:12.280 and say the Clean Air Act is being violated here? 0:09:12.840 --> 0:09:16.920 Is that a thing? It could possibly be a thing, 0:09:17.080 --> 0:09:19.959 but not quite the thing you just mentioned. I think 0:09:20.160 --> 0:09:23.720 we haven't well, we first of all have not seen 0:09:23.920 --> 0:09:26.160 this type of case or this type of data being 0:09:26.240 --> 0:09:28.920 used for that kind of thing. Yet one of the 0:09:29.040 --> 0:09:31.720 lawyers I spoke to is just like, this is a 0:09:31.760 --> 0:09:33.679 case by case basis kind of thing depending on how 0:09:33.679 --> 0:09:37.520 people use it. Theoretically, people could sue under nuisance law 0:09:37.559 --> 0:09:41.160 under the Clean Air Act. So this, you know, factories 0:09:41.400 --> 0:09:45.160 or facilities emissions are creating a nuisance in the surrounding area. 0:09:45.200 --> 0:09:48.439 That's infringing on my quality of life kind of thing. Theoretically, 0:09:48.559 --> 0:09:53.599 you could have a community that is using really sophisticated 0:09:53.640 --> 0:09:58.280 monitoring technology on the fence line of these facilities and 0:09:58.440 --> 0:10:01.640 could compare that data that they were measuring ambiently in 0:10:01.679 --> 0:10:05.000 their own community with federal ambient air data, which is 0:10:05.000 --> 0:10:07.720 required under the Clean Air Act, like we discussed, and 0:10:07.920 --> 0:10:10.040 you know, if a facility was trying to come into 0:10:10.080 --> 0:10:11.640 the a new facility was trying to come into the 0:10:11.679 --> 0:10:14.599 area and be like, we'd like a permit here, Theoretically 0:10:14.720 --> 0:10:17.520 they could bring that data to the EPA and say, well, 0:10:17.880 --> 0:10:20.880 you know, we're already faced with a lot of cumulative 0:10:21.679 --> 0:10:25.320 pollution impacts already. Here's the data we have compared, you know, 0:10:25.520 --> 0:10:29.120 our ambient data compared with federal ambient data. Yeah, I 0:10:29.160 --> 0:10:32.439 mean I think that it just seems like it's a 0:10:32.480 --> 0:10:36.160 whole new world now that getting air monitoring data doesn't 0:10:36.200 --> 0:10:39.720 require like numerous PhDs. It's you can almost even like 0:10:39.920 --> 0:10:42.240 buy off the shelf technology and just sort of profit 0:10:42.280 --> 0:10:44.240 where you want it to be and get some pretty 0:10:44.240 --> 0:10:46.320 good quality data. That's what it sounds like, right in 0:10:46.360 --> 0:10:48.880 some cases. Yeah, but you know that's that is also 0:10:48.920 --> 0:10:51.680 the problem of it. Like you can, like people are 0:10:51.800 --> 0:10:55.160 more and more exposed to what they are exposed to. 0:10:56.080 --> 0:10:59.680 But quality control, I think in terms of the legal 0:10:59.760 --> 0:11:02.480 check challenges to bringing this kind of data, you're looking 0:11:02.480 --> 0:11:05.920 at quality control challenges. A lot of lawyers that I 0:11:05.960 --> 0:11:09.120 spoke to mentioned, you know, how do you parse out 0:11:09.400 --> 0:11:13.880 attribution of these emissions in like the soup of ambient air. 0:11:14.440 --> 0:11:17.360 You've got a facility in between like a freeway and 0:11:17.520 --> 0:11:21.319 a refinery, and they're measuring ambient air in the community, 0:11:21.520 --> 0:11:24.320 and it's just all of the pollutants from both sources. 0:11:24.400 --> 0:11:29.400 How do you use that data against like a single 0:11:29.440 --> 0:11:32.000 source when a lot of sources are contributing to a 0:11:32.000 --> 0:11:33.920 pollution in an area. So there are a lot of 0:11:34.000 --> 0:11:36.320 challenges and that will need to be worked out, I 0:11:36.320 --> 0:11:38.440 think in court for this kind of thing. That's a 0:11:38.480 --> 0:11:40.280 really good point that I hadn't thought about that a 0:11:40.280 --> 0:11:42.520 lot of times. We're not just talking about a fence 0:11:42.640 --> 0:11:46.360 line community. We're talking about a fences line community because 0:11:46.360 --> 0:11:49.079 there are multiple sources of pollution that are affecting this 0:11:49.160 --> 0:11:53.480 one community. So yeah, that can be really really hard 0:11:53.480 --> 0:11:56.560 to say this is the cause of the pollution. Tell 0:11:56.600 --> 0:12:00.440 me about the reaction to this from the indust from 0:12:00.480 --> 0:12:03.920 from industry. I guess you know, I think you quoted 0:12:03.920 --> 0:12:06.200 one person is saying that, you know, this is just 0:12:06.280 --> 0:12:07.959 going to be a new normal. Like we have this, 0:12:08.120 --> 0:12:09.600 people are going to be able to get this data. 0:12:09.679 --> 0:12:11.720 We can't stop them. We're just going to have to 0:12:11.760 --> 0:12:14.560 sort of address it and live with it. That the 0:12:14.600 --> 0:12:17.560 idea that we can dismiss this data out of hand 0:12:17.640 --> 0:12:23.800 is ridiculous. Yeah, it's well, you know, EPA, for its part, 0:12:24.120 --> 0:12:30.560 is has mentioned community air monitoring as a an initiative 0:12:30.880 --> 0:12:33.880 that can be pursued as part of its environmental justice goals. 0:12:33.920 --> 0:12:36.160 So they just released I think like twenty million dollars 0:12:36.240 --> 0:12:40.960 in grant funding this week for community air monitoring projects 0:12:41.000 --> 0:12:43.920 for instance. I can't speak for industry, but you know, 0:12:43.960 --> 0:12:47.400 the lawyers that I spoke to said, you know, this 0:12:47.480 --> 0:12:50.640 is kind of an inevitable problem people are already. One 0:12:50.720 --> 0:12:55.280 lawyer mentioned that he's had folks bring in like wristband 0:12:55.679 --> 0:13:00.760 monitor data that actually like cold data from their personal 0:13:00.960 --> 0:13:03.760 ambient air and brought that into litigation things like that. 0:13:05.040 --> 0:13:07.040 But you know, and yet another source I spoke to 0:13:07.200 --> 0:13:11.319 is like it kind of behooves industry to just start 0:13:11.400 --> 0:13:14.720 doing this work themselves, not only because it's an inevitability, 0:13:14.840 --> 0:13:16.920 because it's just something that a lot of people are 0:13:16.920 --> 0:13:20.240 doing now you can get purple air monitor sensors on Amazon, 0:13:21.240 --> 0:13:24.360 but it's also just you know, being good stewards of 0:13:24.400 --> 0:13:27.520 the area that you're in by you know, having a 0:13:27.559 --> 0:13:31.120 firm handle on your emission's profile and not contributing to 0:13:31.160 --> 0:13:35.280 these cumulative effects that are you know, devastating communities that 0:13:35.320 --> 0:13:37.560 are again in areas that maybe under Clean Air Act 0:13:37.640 --> 0:13:42.080 compliance but are really suffering like from source specific pollution 0:13:42.120 --> 0:13:44.800 that's just not going anywhere. And then finally, one last 0:13:44.800 --> 0:13:47.520 thing I wanted to ask you about is the Biden administration. 0:13:47.960 --> 0:13:50.559 You just mentioned that the EPA has released some grant 0:13:50.559 --> 0:13:54.480 money for to help sort of citizen scientists do this 0:13:54.559 --> 0:13:58.199 kind of thing. Does that indicate that the Biden administration 0:13:58.400 --> 0:14:00.600 is in favor of this, that they want more data 0:14:00.600 --> 0:14:03.679 out there, they want more local monitoring. Because I could 0:14:03.679 --> 0:14:06.800 also see that the EPA would not be thrilled with 0:14:06.800 --> 0:14:10.200 this because they do not they no longer have the 0:14:10.280 --> 0:14:15.199 monopoly on data about air quality. What is the EPA 0:14:15.240 --> 0:14:18.520 and the Biden administration's stance on all of this data. 0:14:18.800 --> 0:14:21.240 I am not going to speak for EPA and the 0:14:21.240 --> 0:14:27.160 Biden administration on their stance, but I think in supporting 0:14:27.320 --> 0:14:31.120 this kind of work, it's it's not any kind of 0:14:31.160 --> 0:14:33.240 violation of the Clean Air Act because again, the Clean 0:14:33.240 --> 0:14:35.960 Air Act doesn't cover this kind of like source by 0:14:36.000 --> 0:14:40.280 source specific monitoring. It's not that they're, you know, relegating 0:14:40.280 --> 0:14:42.840 their legal duties under the Clean Air Act to someone 0:14:42.920 --> 0:14:48.120 else kind of thing. So, in terms of good ways 0:14:48.240 --> 0:14:54.000 to enforce environmental justice priorities, community air monitoring, particularly with 0:14:54.040 --> 0:14:56.880 an emphasis on letting people know what is in their air, 0:14:57.080 --> 0:15:01.080 like giving citizens like more an idea of what they're 0:15:01.120 --> 0:15:03.640 exposed to on a day to day basis, makes total sense. 0:15:04.200 --> 0:15:09.720 So I think, yeah, initiatives like the community air monitoring funding, 0:15:09.800 --> 0:15:12.000 and I think part of some of that funding is 0:15:12.000 --> 0:15:15.640 also going to go to like local air agencies doing 0:15:15.640 --> 0:15:19.160 that kind of work and you know, cooperating with tribes 0:15:19.560 --> 0:15:22.200 and communities and organizations to do that kind of stuff. 0:15:22.240 --> 0:15:24.200 So that makes sense. I guess it's, you know, from 0:15:24.200 --> 0:15:26.280 the EPA's perspective, it's like, we don't need to be 0:15:26.320 --> 0:15:29.120 the only ones who can monitor air quality. In fact, 0:15:29.240 --> 0:15:31.800 it actually takes a lot of the burden off of 0:15:31.880 --> 0:15:35.040 us if we can have you know, everyone monitoring their quality, 0:15:35.080 --> 0:15:37.640 even on their with wrist watches you know that monitor 0:15:37.680 --> 0:15:41.720 air quality. So it's I guess EPA is is you know, 0:15:41.760 --> 0:15:43.760 maybe their perspective is the more the better, the more 0:15:43.800 --> 0:15:45.960 people know the better. Certainly I think everyone can agree 0:15:45.960 --> 0:15:50.480 on that. All right, Well, that was Jennifer Hejazi speaking 0:15:50.520 --> 0:15:55.760 with us here at Bloomberg Law World headquarters. Thank you 0:15:55.880 --> 0:15:57.880 Jennifer talking too. It's a really pretty sure Thanks David. 0:15:59.400 --> 0:16:01.800 And that's if today's episode of Parts Pervilion. If you 0:16:01.840 --> 0:16:04.200 want more environmental news, check us out on Twitter. We 0:16:04.320 --> 0:16:06.640 use a pretty easy to remember handle. It's just at 0:16:06.800 --> 0:16:10.640 environment Just that I am at David B. Schultz. That's 0:16:10.800 --> 0:16:15.120 b as in burning your tongue on pizza. Today's episode 0:16:15.160 --> 0:16:17.840 of Parts Pervilion was produced by myself, David Schultz. Parts 0:16:17.880 --> 0:16:20.320 Pervilion was created by Jessica Coombs and Rachel Dagle and 0:16:20.400 --> 0:16:23.160 is edited by Rebecca Baker and Sean McCutcheon, and our 0:16:23.200 --> 0:16:28.320 executive producer is Josh Block. Thanks everyone for listening. You 0:16:28.360 --> 0:16:30.440 don't need to be a judge to be interested in 0:16:30.480 --> 0:16:34.080 our nation's laws and legal institutions, just like you don't 0:16:34.120 --> 0:16:36.120 need to have a law degree to be curious about 0:16:36.120 --> 0:16:39.240 the inner workings of courts, law firms, and law schools. 0:16:39.640 --> 0:16:42.480 That's where we come in. My name's Adam Allington and 0:16:42.560 --> 0:16:45.280 I'm the host of Uncommon Law, a podcast from the 0:16:45.280 --> 0:16:49.920 Bloomberg industry group. Uncommon Law is where public policy, storytelling, 0:16:50.040 --> 0:16:54.040 and the law are combined. We explore big topics ranging 0:16:54.120 --> 0:16:58.280 from tech policy to free speech, to race and gender diversity. 0:16:58.680 --> 0:17:01.000 So please give us a listen. You can subscribe and 0:17:01.080 --> 0:17:04.680 download today. Just search for Uncommon Law wherever you get 0:17:04.720 --> 0:17:06.880 your podcasts. Thanks so much.