WEBVTT - What's the deal with sinkholes? 0:00:00.240 --> 0:00:02.920 Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve Camray. 0:00:03.120 --> 0:00:07.480 It's ready. Are you welcome to Stuff you Should Know 0:00:08.080 --> 0:00:16.439 from House Stuff Works dot Com? Hey, and welcome to 0:00:16.480 --> 0:00:20.040 the podcast. I'm Josh Clark. There's Chaz Bryant that makes 0:00:20.079 --> 0:00:23.120 this stuff you should know? S y s K. You 0:00:23.160 --> 0:00:26.080 realize if we release every week the five minutes before 0:00:26.079 --> 0:00:28.960 we podcast, like we could make them. We could make 0:00:29.000 --> 0:00:31.360 money on that, especially if you said, to the Benny 0:00:31.400 --> 0:00:35.960 Hill music, that is the gold, this is the silver. Yeah, 0:00:36.159 --> 0:00:38.040 I would, I would call that the platinum in this 0:00:38.200 --> 0:00:41.919 the goal. Okay, how about that? Just to be contrary though, 0:00:42.080 --> 0:00:45.280 just no bronze. Those guys are losers, bronze medal winners. Yeah, 0:00:45.760 --> 0:00:47.720 third place bronze. I don't even know why you'd like 0:00:47.840 --> 0:00:49.960 bring it home just leaving on the plane in that 0:00:50.000 --> 0:00:54.360 little magazine pocket in front of you. Um, chuck, Yes, 0:00:54.720 --> 0:00:57.240 I know that you have been to Guatemala, and I 0:00:57.280 --> 0:00:59.680 know that you know. I've been to Guatemala too. Jerry's 0:00:59.720 --> 0:01:03.000 been there, and we learned pretty quickly that Guatemala has 0:01:03.040 --> 0:01:08.039 it hard. But um, we also learned that translated into 0:01:08.120 --> 0:01:13.280 English from I think Spanish, Guatemala means God's whipping post. 0:01:13.760 --> 0:01:16.919 All right, I thought you're gonna say land of many sinkholes. 0:01:18.080 --> 0:01:22.520 That's just one of the many problems facing Guatemala. Yeah. Um, 0:01:22.920 --> 0:01:26.520 we talked, you know, extensively about mud slides, about civil war, 0:01:27.640 --> 0:01:30.800 just about all these problems that Guatemala has, and uh 0:01:31.080 --> 0:01:35.440 this past week, this past weekend, Guatemala faced even more problems. 0:01:35.760 --> 0:01:40.960 Last week there was a volcanic eruption volcano like twenty 0:01:41.160 --> 0:01:45.360 click south of Guatemala City, started raining ash down and 0:01:45.400 --> 0:01:49.960 then incomes Hurricane Agatha from the Pacific. I think, um 0:01:50.120 --> 0:01:53.440 to get rid of all the ash, but flood the area, 0:01:53.960 --> 0:01:57.400 UM create mud slides, kill a hundred and eighty people. 0:01:58.200 --> 0:02:02.160 And then getting to the point of this podcast, hasten 0:02:02.480 --> 0:02:08.880 a major sinkhole that's almost unbelievable looking in the middle 0:02:08.919 --> 0:02:11.760 of Guatemala City. Yeah. All our Facebook lit up with 0:02:11.800 --> 0:02:15.320 fans saying, have you seen this sinkhole picture? It looks 0:02:16.120 --> 0:02:18.360 it was, Yeah, it does. It looks completely fake. It 0:02:18.480 --> 0:02:24.280 is uh sixty six ft across twenty and uh almost 0:02:24.280 --> 0:02:26.560 a hundred feet deep. But when you look at it, 0:02:26.560 --> 0:02:29.880 it looks like the very gates of Hell have opened up. 0:02:30.280 --> 0:02:33.880 It looks and considering there's a building in there and 0:02:33.919 --> 0:02:36.120 that you can't even see it swallowed a three story 0:02:36.160 --> 0:02:39.440 apartment building. Yeah. Well, now it was a factory, it wasn't. Yeah, 0:02:39.440 --> 0:02:41.880 it was a clothing factory. Um. And they said that 0:02:41.919 --> 0:02:44.520 the guys who worked there, the people who work there, 0:02:44.639 --> 0:02:48.560 left at six in the afternoon, an hour before the 0:02:48.560 --> 0:02:51.359 earth opened up, so they got out. And then there's 0:02:51.400 --> 0:02:55.000 some security guard too that had a schedule altered that 0:02:55.040 --> 0:02:57.920 earlier that day, so he wasn't there. So just like 0:02:57.960 --> 0:03:01.800 the church group that, like every buddy um in the fifties, 0:03:01.840 --> 0:03:08.160 everybody showed up late to this um like church choir practice. Uh, 0:03:08.200 --> 0:03:10.959 and for all these different reasons, like all like twelve 0:03:11.040 --> 0:03:14.480 or fifteen people were put were delayed and getting to 0:03:14.840 --> 0:03:19.320 the practice, and the church happened to catch fire, and 0:03:19.520 --> 0:03:21.560 had they all gotten there on time, they would have 0:03:21.600 --> 0:03:24.920 burned to death. One imagines at the very least thing 0:03:24.960 --> 0:03:27.600 I had to have gotten out of the church good fortune. Yeah. 0:03:27.720 --> 0:03:32.200 So well, I guess maybe God does like Guatemala a 0:03:32.280 --> 0:03:35.760 little maybe so maybe he just doesn't overtly hate it 0:03:35.800 --> 0:03:39.880 like we thought. Yeah, this sinkhole was um, like you said, Saturday, 0:03:39.960 --> 0:03:45.520 and um three miles from a similar sinkhole from what 0:03:45.560 --> 0:03:48.840 was that two thousand seven? Yeah, yeah, the residents have 0:03:48.920 --> 0:03:54.440 been complaining of all of the signs of sink whole's developing. 0:03:54.720 --> 0:03:57.680 One happening two years earlier. That's a pretty big sign. 0:03:58.280 --> 0:04:02.320 But then there's also creaking noise. Is um, the pavement 0:04:02.480 --> 0:04:06.600 isn't exactly you know, perfectly flat. Um. There there's been 0:04:07.000 --> 0:04:10.840 uh slight tremors maybe, yeah, I think. And they said 0:04:10.920 --> 0:04:13.440 in the O seven one which f y I was 0:04:13.520 --> 0:04:17.120 three hundred and thirty ft deep, and it appeared instantly, 0:04:17.279 --> 0:04:20.839 almost instantly, killing three at least three people and like 0:04:20.880 --> 0:04:22.880 swallowed at homes. They said that they felt the ground 0:04:22.960 --> 0:04:26.359 shaking a month before it appeared, and that at the 0:04:26.400 --> 0:04:28.200 time the government was going to send down like a 0:04:28.320 --> 0:04:32.200 robotic camera. But it's Guatemala, so they were like, where 0:04:32.200 --> 0:04:35.719 do we get a robotic camera? So it never happened. Yes, 0:04:35.880 --> 0:04:39.480 that is a good point, chuck. Um. It's a kind 0:04:39.480 --> 0:04:42.400 of an evil point, but it's a good point, right yeah. Um, 0:04:43.120 --> 0:04:45.359 So we're talking about sink Cole's here. This one's not 0:04:45.440 --> 0:04:49.799 about tropical storms, hurricanes, mud slides, right. I alway should 0:04:49.800 --> 0:04:52.360 mention though that our friends at co ED and Guatemala 0:04:52.440 --> 0:04:55.159 are all okay. They sent word and we posted on 0:04:55.200 --> 0:05:00.000 Facebook that they weren't affected and everyone's doing fine down there. Awesome, Okay, okay, 0:05:00.080 --> 0:05:02.720 we're good. So what what what's the deal with the sinkhole? Josh? Well, 0:05:02.720 --> 0:05:05.520 it depends on who you ask, schuckers Um. One of 0:05:05.680 --> 0:05:11.640 our fellow colleague coworkers over at Discovery News, guy named 0:05:11.680 --> 0:05:15.120 Michael Riley, had a blog post um that interviewed a 0:05:15.240 --> 0:05:20.240 Guatemalan based geologist who's like, do not call that a sinkhole? 0:05:20.600 --> 0:05:23.120 That is not a sinkhole. And he's like, well, what 0:05:23.120 --> 0:05:24.880 would you call it? He said, I would call it 0:05:24.920 --> 0:05:28.080 a piping feature. And I'm pretty sure the guy made 0:05:28.080 --> 0:05:30.080 that term up. I think he did too. We did 0:05:30.080 --> 0:05:32.800 a Google search for piping feature and it brought up 0:05:33.240 --> 0:05:38.320 a description of pajamas, baseball uniform has something to do 0:05:38.360 --> 0:05:41.640 with email possibly uh, and that's it. There's no there's 0:05:41.640 --> 0:05:46.559 no geological feature formation or happening that's called a piping feature. 0:05:46.640 --> 0:05:49.040 So this guy was like, don't call a sinkhole. Let's 0:05:49.040 --> 0:05:51.279 all call it this term that I just made up. Well, 0:05:51.360 --> 0:05:53.800 that's how you coin a term, my friend. It is, 0:05:53.839 --> 0:05:55.599 But I don't think you need to be using Michael 0:05:55.680 --> 0:05:57.920 Riley's blog to do it at the very least to 0:05:58.000 --> 0:06:01.040 say and I just made that up, you know. Anyway, 0:06:01.160 --> 0:06:03.920 um man made sinkhole is what I think it is, right, Well, 0:06:04.040 --> 0:06:07.120 he What he was talking about though, was the the 0:06:07.120 --> 0:06:13.359 the bedrock under Guatemala is actually old volcanic deposits, and 0:06:13.960 --> 0:06:16.719 usually with sinkhole's what you're talking about is a different 0:06:16.800 --> 0:06:20.240 kind of bedrock that's actually bedrock. It's not volcanic, it 0:06:20.320 --> 0:06:24.680 wasn't just deposited thereby, you know, something spewing it um 0:06:24.839 --> 0:06:29.920 and you have things like limestone, dolomite. Yeah, my favorite 0:06:29.960 --> 0:06:33.400 mineral basult. Wait, how did we ever come up with 0:06:33.440 --> 0:06:37.120 how to say that? I think it's basalt, one of 0:06:37.120 --> 0:06:42.800 those two gypsum. Yeah, the the carbonate or what's the 0:06:42.800 --> 0:06:46.880 other evaporate evaporate classes of rocks, right, Yes, that is 0:06:46.920 --> 0:06:51.159 typically what is underneath what's called the overburden, and the 0:06:51.200 --> 0:06:55.120 overburden is just the soil that's on top of all that. Right. So, 0:06:55.440 --> 0:06:57.200 for those of you who have never tried this, if 0:06:57.200 --> 0:06:59.839 you go out in your backyard and dig a hole, 0:07:00.480 --> 0:07:02.360 eventually you're gonna run out of dirt and you're gonna 0:07:02.400 --> 0:07:05.040 hit rock. Yeah, and when you run out of dirt, 0:07:05.080 --> 0:07:08.160 you you can say I have dug through the overburden 0:07:08.279 --> 0:07:12.320 and have now made contact with the bedrock. Right. And 0:07:12.640 --> 0:07:14.880 the reason you mentioned all this is because that's how 0:07:14.960 --> 0:07:18.520 sinkhole forms, at least this type of sinkhole. You have 0:07:18.600 --> 0:07:23.080 to dig it up exactly the bedrock underneath the overburden. 0:07:23.200 --> 0:07:27.360 It gets uh whittled away by water. This turns acidic 0:07:28.200 --> 0:07:31.520 from absorbing c O two and interacting with plants, so 0:07:31.600 --> 0:07:35.240 it carves out a little conduits, little pathways of sort 0:07:35.280 --> 0:07:38.240 of like an underwater stream almost right, very much like that, 0:07:38.320 --> 0:07:40.520 And then it loosens the soil, and then then soil 0:07:40.560 --> 0:07:43.280 starts to fall down in these cracks. And although the 0:07:43.560 --> 0:07:46.000 surface and the overbird may look okay up top, this 0:07:46.040 --> 0:07:48.560 is why they seem to happen like overnight, there's just 0:07:48.600 --> 0:07:50.440 a lot going on underneath it. We don't see right 0:07:50.520 --> 0:07:54.040 for weeks, months, years. Sure, you know EON's that kind 0:07:54.040 --> 0:07:59.000 of thing. Um. So when the when the water whittles away, say, um, 0:07:59.040 --> 0:08:02.720 a chamber the future sinkhole, which you can also call 0:08:02.760 --> 0:08:05.480 a cave. When you're going caving, what you're doing is 0:08:05.480 --> 0:08:10.840 walking through basically a dry conduit sinkhole system. Right, good point. 0:08:11.040 --> 0:08:14.720 So when the uh, the sinkholes formed right whettle away 0:08:14.760 --> 0:08:18.760 by water and the overburden starts spilling into it, which 0:08:19.160 --> 0:08:24.560 is called spawling. It's spawling, right, Um. That means that 0:08:24.600 --> 0:08:27.080 there is much less of it above. It's like an 0:08:27.080 --> 0:08:31.440 hour glass basically, yeah. Right, And then when somebody walks 0:08:31.480 --> 0:08:35.079 on it, drives on it, builds a building on it. Yes, 0:08:35.440 --> 0:08:38.040 that that salt, what appeared to be solid, is now 0:08:38.520 --> 0:08:41.200 in the bottom of this hole. Yeah. And oftentimes it 0:08:41.240 --> 0:08:45.640 can um that the what I called the overburden is 0:08:45.679 --> 0:08:48.520 solid enough to hold up even though it might be 0:08:48.520 --> 0:08:50.480 hollow underneath. It can hold up for a little while 0:08:50.880 --> 0:08:52.920 if nothing is on it. But like you said, the 0:08:52.960 --> 0:08:55.600 problem comes when something is planted on top of it, 0:08:55.880 --> 0:08:58.400 like a car, right, And that's actually called a cover 0:08:58.480 --> 0:09:01.320 collapse sinkhole. And that's what we think of like for sinkholes, 0:09:01.320 --> 0:09:06.280 these really dramatic, sudden, holy cow sinkholes. Right. I would 0:09:06.280 --> 0:09:08.600 like to call it the coolest sinkhole, but since you know, 0:09:09.520 --> 0:09:12.880 people do die, Yeah, exactly, Chuck. There's two other kinds 0:09:12.880 --> 0:09:17.199 of sinkholes, right, um that are slightly less dramatic. Yeah, 0:09:17.200 --> 0:09:21.480 the cover cover subsidence sinkhole. Yeah, this is this is 0:09:21.480 --> 0:09:25.640 possibly the least dramatic syncole. Basically it is, Um, this 0:09:25.520 --> 0:09:28.960 is this is a very similar process happens, except uh, 0:09:29.000 --> 0:09:31.520 you get the impression it happens much more slowly, right 0:09:31.880 --> 0:09:38.040 Chuck was talking about. Imagine like, um, a straw coming 0:09:38.080 --> 0:09:41.320 into you know those little nitro sock side tubes, the 0:09:41.360 --> 0:09:46.240 little chargers. Yeah, for like for the little industrial arts 0:09:46.280 --> 0:09:49.720 cars that you made sure or making whipped cream or whatever. 0:09:49.920 --> 0:09:52.320 You know. Um, you've got a straw going into one 0:09:52.320 --> 0:09:55.480 of those in a straw coming out. So it's like narrow, narrow, 0:09:55.760 --> 0:10:01.400 fat narrow. Again, that would be like conduit sinkhole or cave, um, 0:10:01.480 --> 0:10:04.760 because it's pretty much a cave until the top collapses. Uh, 0:10:04.800 --> 0:10:10.120 and then conduit again. All right, So these conduits allow 0:10:10.160 --> 0:10:13.480 water to go in and out, but as spalling occurs, 0:10:14.000 --> 0:10:17.480 the the dirt, the sediment, the overburden the soil spills 0:10:17.480 --> 0:10:19.520 into the loose parts right right, and it can clog 0:10:19.600 --> 0:10:22.959 up the conduits. Right. So what you have then for 0:10:23.120 --> 0:10:28.280 the cover subsidence sinkhole is basically just a depression in 0:10:28.280 --> 0:10:31.520 the earth, but a dirt depression and a lot of 0:10:31.520 --> 0:10:33.400 times they're not very big either. We're talking like a 0:10:33.440 --> 0:10:35.880 few feet. Right. One of the ways across one of 0:10:35.880 --> 0:10:37.800 the ways to deal with the sinkhole small one is 0:10:37.840 --> 0:10:40.839 to fill it with sand and boom bang bam. Yeah, 0:10:41.000 --> 0:10:45.319 that's what the Florida Management UH District says. And Florida's 0:10:45.559 --> 0:10:47.720 kind of allows you with sinkholes because of all the sand. 0:10:48.440 --> 0:10:53.360 But these cover subsidence. Sinkholes often turned into ponds because 0:10:53.520 --> 0:10:55.880 rainwater starts collecting, it has nowhere to go because the 0:10:55.960 --> 0:10:58.720 kinduests are blocked, and bam, you get yourself a brand 0:10:58.760 --> 0:11:01.520 spanking new pond and it's good fishing. Yes, it is, 0:11:02.520 --> 0:11:05.040 I imagine. Uh. And then the third one, chuck a 0:11:05.040 --> 0:11:08.280 dissolution or solution sink coole. Are you starting to see 0:11:08.280 --> 0:11:13.880 a pattern here? Not spilling, spawling, dissolution or solution sinkhole. Right, 0:11:13.960 --> 0:11:16.280 it's a geology. It's like take your pick. Yeah that 0:11:16.480 --> 0:11:19.400 these are um actually not as dramatic either, And that's 0:11:19.480 --> 0:11:22.040 usually if you just have like a thin overburden that 0:11:22.200 --> 0:11:28.320 washes away and the rhodes over time and umposes the bedrock. Yeah, exposed. 0:11:28.360 --> 0:11:30.360 I always want to say twitch twitch after you say 0:11:30.440 --> 0:11:33.840 bed rock each time from the flint Stones remember that, No, 0:11:34.120 --> 0:11:36.400 you're like flint Stones. I mean I remember the flint 0:11:36.440 --> 0:11:38.559 Stones and they lived in Bedrock. But what's the twitch 0:11:39.280 --> 0:11:41.240 the that was the one episode where they had the 0:11:42.280 --> 0:11:45.319 movie star singer come to town, Tony Kurt Rock or 0:11:45.400 --> 0:11:48.199 was Yeah, and that was a song in Bedrock twitch 0:11:48.280 --> 0:11:52.560 twitch I don't remember that one. Wow, showing my age. 0:11:52.640 --> 0:11:56.400 I like the one with Mr. Rock She's a hot cartoon. Yeah, 0:11:56.600 --> 0:11:59.480 it's so funny that all the names were like rock oriented. 0:12:00.320 --> 0:12:02.200 Never figured that one out because they lived in the 0:12:02.240 --> 0:12:06.680 Stone Age's just kidding, um. But the big rack of 0:12:06.760 --> 0:12:08.520 ribs on the car that tipped the car where that 0:12:08.559 --> 0:12:12.040 was normal? That was a Bronosurus rib rack. Yeah, that's 0:12:12.040 --> 0:12:15.199 good eating. That's what they ate in the Stone Age. Yes, So, 0:12:15.320 --> 0:12:17.840 like you said, you can get a new um, a 0:12:17.880 --> 0:12:20.960 new pond when you have a dissolution syinnkhole. Is that 0:12:21.000 --> 0:12:24.160 where we were, Yeah, you can get a pond from 0:12:24.160 --> 0:12:26.840 that to Basically, the difference between a cover subsidence and 0:12:26.960 --> 0:12:31.920 a dissolution sinkhole is one is possibly grassy right, the 0:12:32.000 --> 0:12:35.320 other is exposed rock right, So a grassy depression both 0:12:35.320 --> 0:12:39.440 can be ponds. Both of them have their conduits covered. Really, 0:12:39.559 --> 0:12:41.959 when you think a sinkhole, the one we're talking about 0:12:42.240 --> 0:12:45.920 is the cover collapse. Oh my god, save me, sink whole. 0:12:47.160 --> 0:12:51.040 So we need to talk about human beings and what 0:12:51.200 --> 0:12:52.880 we can do. There's actually those you know, a lot 0:12:52.920 --> 0:12:56.320 of those are naturally occurring sinkholes just because of erosion. 0:12:56.360 --> 0:13:01.000 But humans can actually contribute to sinkholes, uh, in a 0:13:01.040 --> 0:13:02.800 lot of ways. Yeah, I mean think about it. We 0:13:02.840 --> 0:13:05.840 talked about reservoir induced seismicity. Yeah, same deal, that's just 0:13:05.920 --> 0:13:08.920 the tip of the iceberg. Totally. We are really screwing 0:13:09.000 --> 0:13:14.600 with the geophysical properties of Mother Earth. I'm constantly amazed 0:13:14.840 --> 0:13:17.160 every time I go to New York that New York 0:13:17.240 --> 0:13:21.960 is still like a standing, functioning city for now. Yeah, 0:13:22.080 --> 0:13:25.080 well it's true. Well yeah, let's hope it's keeps standing 0:13:25.120 --> 0:13:30.000 for at least the next week exactly. Uh, drilling, Josh, mining, 0:13:31.040 --> 0:13:36.200 um foot traffic, vehicle traffic, increased water flow, broken pipes. 0:13:36.559 --> 0:13:38.640 The other thing that you know, we talked about humans 0:13:38.640 --> 0:13:43.839 causing an earthquake, extracting water from the subsurface. That can 0:13:43.920 --> 0:13:46.920 be a big problem CAUs sinkholes. So that's how man. 0:13:47.240 --> 0:13:49.080 Those are just a few ways that man can create 0:13:49.120 --> 0:13:52.000 one basically, and that's what they think happened in Guatemala, 0:13:52.120 --> 0:13:56.600 right yeah, um, basically with plumbing, and we have the 0:13:56.600 --> 0:13:59.120 same problem here in Atlanta. I'm a little nervous to 0:13:59.200 --> 0:14:03.079 admit our sewer system is like a hundred years old. 0:14:03.440 --> 0:14:07.959 Guatemala cities is not too much older, you know, or younger. 0:14:07.960 --> 0:14:11.280 It's right about the same age. Um. So a sewer 0:14:11.360 --> 0:14:15.600 pipe bursts, right and you think, well, okay, this is 0:14:15.840 --> 0:14:18.960 very bad. Erodes the soil because of the water movement, 0:14:19.480 --> 0:14:23.640 not just that it has it. It provides a double whammy. Actually, um, 0:14:23.720 --> 0:14:26.440 it erodes the dirt and it actually gives it a 0:14:26.480 --> 0:14:31.920 place to be carried away through that first sewer pipe. 0:14:32.400 --> 0:14:34.720 So imagine the sewer pipe and then bam, it burst 0:14:34.760 --> 0:14:37.480 and there's a big hole there. The spewing water, the 0:14:37.520 --> 0:14:41.200 water pressure is just eroding soil above it, right uh. 0:14:41.240 --> 0:14:44.920 And it's it's eroding the overburden and and then it's 0:14:44.960 --> 0:14:47.480 also this big hole in the pipe is giving a 0:14:47.520 --> 0:14:51.080 place for the soil to be taken away. So it's 0:14:51.320 --> 0:14:54.280 eroding it taking it away, creating a cavern and the 0:14:54.400 --> 0:14:57.200 bam and that's yeah, that's exactly what happened in Guatemala 0:14:57.240 --> 0:14:59.960 City both times. Well, actually the I mean I read 0:15:00.040 --> 0:15:02.320 today they said they still aren't sure what happened in 0:15:02.360 --> 0:15:06.720 this most that's what happened, Okay, they said, the guys 0:15:06.720 --> 0:15:08.560 that we have to descend into it to find out 0:15:08.600 --> 0:15:11.000 what happened. The guy who called it a piping feature, No, 0:15:11.480 --> 0:15:17.160 it was some other guy that you like better. Uh, 0:15:17.440 --> 0:15:20.320 let's talk about Polk County, Florida. Yeah, I think we should. 0:15:20.360 --> 0:15:22.960 That was a human caused sinkhole. And here's what's going 0:15:23.000 --> 0:15:25.920 on in Florida. You know when you use for fertilizer 0:15:25.960 --> 0:15:29.160 in your yard, which and you'd like to do, Yeah, 0:15:30.120 --> 0:15:32.760 it's got phosphate in it, and about thirty of the 0:15:32.880 --> 0:15:38.320 entire world's phosphate. Uh stash comes from Florida. So the 0:15:38.360 --> 0:15:41.600 problem with this stuff is this radioactive Miley radioactive. And 0:15:41.640 --> 0:15:44.080 so Florida said, well, well, here's what we're gonna do. 0:15:44.080 --> 0:15:46.800 We're gonna stack it up and huge stacks, so it's 0:15:46.800 --> 0:15:49.880 all in one place, and we're talking hundreds of acres, 0:15:50.240 --> 0:15:55.640 millions of tons. The result, years later, in central Florida, 0:15:56.040 --> 0:16:00.200 a billion tons of it basically created a sinkhole. The 0:16:00.200 --> 0:16:05.320 weight crushed the sand underneath it and create a huge sinkhole. Right, Yeah, 0:16:05.360 --> 0:16:09.000 Florida is already. Um what what's known as a CARST 0:16:09.040 --> 0:16:14.280 region and CARST region is it's a type of topography. Yes, yes, 0:16:14.640 --> 0:16:16.720 And if you want to see some cool video on 0:16:16.800 --> 0:16:21.080 a carst on CARST regions, um, check out watersheds dot 0:16:21.200 --> 0:16:26.800 org slash earth slash krst awesome stuff. Um and uh, 0:16:27.360 --> 0:16:29.960 CARST region is basically it's a type of topography that 0:16:30.200 --> 0:16:34.880 features a lot of caverns, sinkholes, um springs, all this 0:16:35.520 --> 0:16:40.080 geological these geological features created by the movement of water. Right, Um, 0:16:40.120 --> 0:16:43.080 Florida is lousy with this stuff. But then, as you 0:16:43.120 --> 0:16:47.040 were saying, it had this extra added benefit of billions 0:16:47.040 --> 0:16:51.680 of tons of FoST foot chips radioactive byproducts. And then bam, Yeah, 0:16:51.840 --> 0:16:55.400 and in that one collapse in Polk County, the stuff 0:16:55.560 --> 0:17:00.560 collapsed into the water supply and polluted the entire state supply. 0:17:00.760 --> 0:17:04.160 Yeah that's not good. Well, it's not good. But I mean, 0:17:04.200 --> 0:17:06.199 if I'm gonna go silver lining here, which I'm not 0:17:06.320 --> 0:17:08.960 one to do. Uh, it did make them all take 0:17:08.960 --> 0:17:11.719 a hard look at how they dispose of you know, 0:17:11.800 --> 0:17:14.000 harmful byproducts. Right, They're like, you can't just stack it 0:17:14.080 --> 0:17:17.000 up until it falls through the earth. They're like, well, 0:17:17.080 --> 0:17:20.760 what should we do? Right, and they're still trying to 0:17:20.800 --> 0:17:22.639 answer that one. Yeah, which I took. Took a lot 0:17:22.680 --> 0:17:24.960 of money in time that would clean up their water supply. Yeah, 0:17:25.040 --> 0:17:27.640 and chuck, let's get in our balloon and go over 0:17:27.680 --> 0:17:30.359 to Barzynski, Russia. We haven't been our balloon in a 0:17:30.400 --> 0:17:32.399 long time. I know it's got a little dusty you 0:17:32.440 --> 0:17:34.159 need to clean up in here. I know there's a 0:17:34.200 --> 0:17:37.080 dead raccoon in the corner that's creepy. Yeah, don't look 0:17:37.119 --> 0:17:44.760 at it. Uh. And so in Barzynski, Berezni, Breznicki, Breznicki. Yes, yeah, 0:17:44.800 --> 0:17:47.320 I almost took us to Brezynski. Jeez, that was close. 0:17:47.520 --> 0:17:51.680 We're going to Breznicki Russia. Uh In uh I think 0:17:52.520 --> 0:17:57.920 six They had another fertilizer related sinkhole problem. Right. Pot 0:17:57.920 --> 0:18:02.960 Ash potash, it's actually pot that's what the lady said 0:18:02.960 --> 0:18:07.720 on the pronunciation guide. Really and she said potash. So's 0:18:07.720 --> 0:18:10.639 the robot, that's what we're going with. Yeah, six hundred 0:18:10.640 --> 0:18:13.840 and fifty six ft deep, two d and sixty ft 0:18:13.880 --> 0:18:18.360 LONGDT one ft wide and growing. So for our non 0:18:18.400 --> 0:18:25.080 American non librarian. And then what Burma may be sure. Uh, 0:18:25.400 --> 0:18:29.080 that would be two hundred meters deep, eighty meters long 0:18:29.760 --> 0:18:34.040 and forty wide. That's a huge sinkhole. And the reason 0:18:34.160 --> 0:18:40.760 was they were just removing uh, potash, potash from the 0:18:40.800 --> 0:18:43.639 ground through mine and it became flooded. And that was 0:18:43.720 --> 0:18:48.439 that question. The sink holes always caused massive destruction and 0:18:49.000 --> 0:18:53.040 killed people in swallow buildings. Yes, no, not true. They're 0:18:53.040 --> 0:18:54.720 actually a lot of times you're just kind of like 0:18:54.760 --> 0:18:59.880 an annoyance. Um the ones you can fill with sand, right, 0:19:00.080 --> 0:19:04.080 or ones that aren't around, um, you know, an urban 0:19:04.200 --> 0:19:07.200 civilized area, like if they're out in the boonies, it's 0:19:07.240 --> 0:19:10.119 kind of cool, like really cool. If we're talking about 0:19:10.920 --> 0:19:15.119 the ones in Venezuela, the sorry sorry Nama sinkholes. Did 0:19:15.160 --> 0:19:18.520 you see those things? I saw this picture of them. Yeah, 0:19:18.560 --> 0:19:21.960 well I didn't mean literally have you descended into them? 0:19:22.000 --> 0:19:25.400 But those are really cool because those are in the 0:19:25.440 --> 0:19:28.679 Tapui region, these really high mass Basically it's like at 0:19:28.680 --> 0:19:31.360 the top of a mountain, you'll just see a forest, 0:19:31.560 --> 0:19:36.240 dense forest, and then these huge, perfectly round holes thousand 0:19:36.280 --> 0:19:42.040 ft deep yea deep in these crazy oh yeah, these 0:19:42.080 --> 0:19:45.760 crazy dudes like put the parachutes and jump into them. Yeah, 0:19:46.000 --> 0:19:48.359 very cool. They did on that the Planet Earth. Um. 0:19:48.600 --> 0:19:50.159 Actually I don't think it was there, but did you 0:19:50.160 --> 0:19:53.880 ever watch that the Planet Earth Discovery thing. Yes, they 0:19:53.920 --> 0:19:56.520 gave us that when they bought us as a gift. 0:19:56.840 --> 0:19:59.480 It was really cool. But it has the base jumpers 0:20:00.040 --> 0:20:03.040 jumping into these things. It's crazy. That's awesome. They also 0:20:03.080 --> 0:20:05.720 have a say no taste. Yeah, did you see those 0:20:05.720 --> 0:20:08.080 into loom? Yes, because they got a lot of them 0:20:08.119 --> 0:20:10.960 down there, right, Yes, they do. They're everywhere into loom 0:20:10.960 --> 0:20:14.160 and they're awesome. So basically that is um a sinkhole 0:20:14.200 --> 0:20:17.119 that is now a pool, right yeah, and they're there 0:20:17.320 --> 0:20:21.520 for some reason. There's I guess the water collects. It 0:20:21.520 --> 0:20:24.520 percolates down from the top, so there's always a dripping sound, 0:20:24.920 --> 0:20:27.160 and then it collects in the bottom of the sinkhole, 0:20:27.359 --> 0:20:32.080 usually bedrock or light sediment um. But during the percolation 0:20:32.160 --> 0:20:37.320 process it becomes purified. So it's this incredible like bluish 0:20:37.480 --> 0:20:43.160 water um that's totally pure. We're just yeah, huge for snorkeling, 0:20:43.200 --> 0:20:45.760 scuba diving, that kind of thing. And they're also very 0:20:45.880 --> 0:20:50.600 um sacred places I guess among the Maya maybe um. 0:20:50.640 --> 0:20:55.480 And there's like a big movement to uh preserve these 0:20:55.720 --> 0:20:58.199 saint no tastes because they were they were believed to 0:20:58.240 --> 0:21:02.840 be um um portal to the next world, and so 0:21:02.880 --> 0:21:05.520 they'd like sacrifice people and stuff there. They are wicked 0:21:05.520 --> 0:21:09.160 cool looking. I plan to go one day, okay and 0:21:09.359 --> 0:21:12.600 tread the ground that you tread into Loom. There is uh. 0:21:12.720 --> 0:21:15.560 There's also a lot of the ruins around on the 0:21:15.600 --> 0:21:18.600 Yucatan or will have a saint note. Well, they have 0:21:18.840 --> 0:21:21.640 ruins near to Loom, right, huh and then chuck. Lastly, 0:21:21.800 --> 0:21:25.880 probably the biggest sinkhole on the planet is the Qatara 0:21:25.960 --> 0:21:29.880 Depression right in Egypt. It's like three hundred feet deep 0:21:29.920 --> 0:21:32.919 or four hundred and thirty six, yes, four hundred and 0:21:32.920 --> 0:21:36.000 thirty six hundred and thirty one deep size of Lake 0:21:36.000 --> 0:21:39.680 Erie basically. Yeah, but it's like seventy five miles wide, 0:21:40.680 --> 0:21:44.639 which is add twenty kilometers. Yeah, it's it's not I 0:21:44.720 --> 0:21:46.480 kind of expected more to Did you see pictures It 0:21:46.520 --> 0:21:49.520 looks sort of just looks like a desert basin sort of. Yeah. 0:21:49.800 --> 0:21:51.639 I thought it's not nearly as cool looking as the 0:21:52.240 --> 0:21:54.840 ones in Venezuela. No, And if you want to see 0:21:54.880 --> 0:21:57.280 cool picture of the ones in Venezuela. You can type 0:21:57.280 --> 0:22:00.119 sinkhole into how stuff works dot Com. There's also a 0:22:00.160 --> 0:22:04.479 cool flash animation on zero of how sinkhole's form and 0:22:04.840 --> 0:22:09.879 really to sum up sinkhole's form, because water moves underground, 0:22:10.560 --> 0:22:17.479 it rose erodes the overburdened above combat. There you have it. Okay, Um, 0:22:17.560 --> 0:22:19.639 and I think I said handy search bar at how 0:22:19.680 --> 0:22:22.680 stuff works dot Com? Right? If not, I just did, 0:22:23.119 --> 0:22:28.240 which means it's time for a listener. Meant yes, Josh, 0:22:28.280 --> 0:22:32.080 serial killers. I just need to say, judging from the 0:22:32.080 --> 0:22:34.560 Facebook and fan reaction, that we have a sick and 0:22:34.600 --> 0:22:37.280 twisted audience. I thought it was funny that a lot 0:22:37.280 --> 0:22:39.199 of people felt they need to be like, you know, 0:22:39.240 --> 0:22:42.360 not to be morbid or anything, but real coach, everybody 0:22:42.359 --> 0:22:45.760 loves serial killers. Okay, just go with it. Before I 0:22:45.800 --> 0:22:47.960 read these, Josh, I should just point out a quick correction. 0:22:48.040 --> 0:22:52.479 Ted Bundy Um did his final Sorority House actions at 0:22:52.480 --> 0:22:56.440 Florida State, not Florida, and I knew that too. I 0:22:56.440 --> 0:22:58.679 don't know why I said UF Yeah, I thought it 0:22:58.720 --> 0:23:00.960 was Florida the whole time. I'm not a big Florida 0:23:00.960 --> 0:23:03.320 Gator fan, as you know, but I'm sure that had 0:23:03.359 --> 0:23:07.400 nothing to do with it. You. Uh, we heard from 0:23:07.440 --> 0:23:09.679 a bunch of people. Josh kind of jokingly said, if 0:23:09.720 --> 0:23:12.160 you know of any serial killers. Turns out a bunch 0:23:12.160 --> 0:23:16.240 of people have come into contact with surprising amount. Uh, 0:23:16.280 --> 0:23:17.680 And so I have a bunch of them. I'm gonna 0:23:17.760 --> 0:23:20.600 run down you. You want to read some of these two? Oh, sure, 0:23:21.400 --> 0:23:24.400 I'll give you that page. Uh. This is from Solomon. 0:23:24.480 --> 0:23:26.000 My mom told me a story when she was in 0:23:26.000 --> 0:23:29.080 Washington in the late seventies. She graduated college, moved there 0:23:29.080 --> 0:23:31.200 to work as a social worker in Seattle. She was 0:23:31.240 --> 0:23:32.840 supposed to meet up with a friend one day and 0:23:32.880 --> 0:23:35.800 co worker in her roommate, and they waited for hours 0:23:35.800 --> 0:23:38.280 and hours, but they never showed. She spoke to her 0:23:38.320 --> 0:23:40.280 co worker later and said the reason she never came 0:23:40.320 --> 0:23:44.000 because her friend was missing. Turns out, long story short, 0:23:44.080 --> 0:23:45.879 that she went to help a guy with a sailboat 0:23:45.920 --> 0:23:48.879