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Speaker 1: Guess what mango?

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Speaker 2: What's that will? So I was traveling last week and

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Speaker 2: as I go through security, I'm waiting on my bag

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Speaker 2: to be scanned, and I catch this strong whiff of

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Speaker 2: pure ol and it reminded me to pull mine out,

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Speaker 2: because there's something about all this stuff going in and

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Speaker 2: out of bins that really grosses me out. But then

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Speaker 2: I realized mine wasn't on me. So I looked at

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Speaker 2: the end of the moving belt and I saw there

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Speaker 2: was a dispenser. I walk over and I put some

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Speaker 2: of that magic on my hands. Ten feet after that,

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Speaker 2: there was another dispenser. Suddenly I started noticing these things everywhere.

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Speaker 2: I could have gone swimming in all the hand sanitizer

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Speaker 2: available to me. It's something so present in our lives.

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Speaker 2: My son just calls it hand sand hand sand. I

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Speaker 2: hope that takes off me too, And it made me

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Speaker 2: wonder how did hand sanitizer become such a thing, And

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Speaker 2: it turns out it goes all the way back to

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Speaker 2: this woman named Goldie Lipman, who worked at a rubber

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Speaker 2: plant in the forties. At the time, workers would use

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Speaker 2: benzene to get carbon off their hands, which is super harsh.

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Speaker 2: So Goldie and her husband Jerry, invitted a more gentle,

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Speaker 2: waterless cleaner. It's this classic startup story. They lived in

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Speaker 2: their parents' attic, they mixed up test batches the laundry machine,

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Speaker 2: and then they packaged it in pickle jars. Right, so artisical,

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Speaker 2: I know. But then they tried to sell the stuff

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Speaker 2: and it didn't go so well.

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Speaker 1: How come?

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Speaker 2: Well, no one wanted to try this goofy stuff, you know,

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Speaker 2: So Jerry came up with a sales trick. Just before

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Speaker 2: a meeting. He scored a little dab on his palm.

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Speaker 2: Then when someone would shake his hand, they'd get startled

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Speaker 2: because who wants to feel this cold, wet glob and

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Speaker 2: a handshakes It's.

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Speaker 1: Pretty gross, I know.

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Speaker 2: But as they rubbed it to get it off, the

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Speaker 2: factory stains would vanish from inside their palms, which I

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Speaker 2: guess is pretty smart. It's a genius, I think. And

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Speaker 2: so this is the proto PUREL and today hand sanitizers

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Speaker 2: are everywhere. But looking at all the hands sand around us,

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Speaker 2: it got me wondering are we being over protective?

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Speaker 1: How clean should we be?

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Speaker 2: And that's the question we're tackling on today's part time genius. Hey,

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Speaker 2: there podcast listeners, I'm Will Pearson and as always I'm

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Speaker 2: joined by my good friend Mangash hot ticketter, and you're

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Speaker 2: listening to Part Time Genius now today I can barely

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Speaker 2: recognize Mangosh because he's currently wrapped in plastic wrap from

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Speaker 2: the office kitchen. Any reeks of hand sanitizer? Did I

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Speaker 2: use too much?

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Speaker 1: I mean, maybe a little.

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Speaker 3: Well, I know Purell is more your thing, but ever

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Speaker 3: since doing all this research on germs this week, I'm

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Speaker 3: thinking of making it my signature scent. Like how prints

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Speaker 3: always smell like lavender.

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Speaker 1: I can't say that I was aware of this.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, used to smell like heavy, heavy lavender, and his

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Speaker 3: friends used to say that they could smell his presence

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Speaker 3: like a full minute before he entered the room. So

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Speaker 3: you'd be sitting there and you'd feel this hit of

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Speaker 3: lavender and then oh, you'd just appear like an angel. Anyway,

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Speaker 3: after this week, I'm thinking of doing that with Purel.

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Speaker 2: I think that's a that's a brilliant plan, Mango. But

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Speaker 2: you know what's interesting, and I realize we're going deep

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Speaker 2: on hand sanitizer before this episode even starts. But one

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Speaker 2: of the things customers always indicate is a preference for

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Speaker 2: unscented sanitizers, but when hand sanitizer companies came out with

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Speaker 2: more a few years ago, not only did customers not

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Speaker 2: buy the fragrance ree versions, but there was concern in

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Speaker 2: the health community that people weren't applying enough of it

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Speaker 2: to really kill the germs. Well, I'm pretty sure I

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Speaker 2: used enough of it.

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Speaker 1: I would agree with that.

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Speaker 2: But speaking of our research this week, we were reminded

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Speaker 2: yet again that science is weird because it feels like

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Speaker 2: we're always reading these contradictory reports. It's healthy to drink

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Speaker 2: wine one week, then it's not healthy to drink wine.

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Speaker 2: It's healthy to drink coffee, It's not healthy to drink coffee.

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Speaker 2: You know, it turns out it's not healthy to smoke

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Speaker 2: a bucket full of cigarettes. That is how they sell

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Speaker 2: cigarettes now today.

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Speaker 3: Still, yeah, you want to get them by the top,

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Speaker 3: that's the super cool thing to do.

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Speaker 2: And it feels like studies on germs are the same way.

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Speaker 2: I mean, we know it's good to be clean, but

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Speaker 2: we also hear reports that tell us to quit trying

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Speaker 2: to kill every germ out there. Speaking of which, before

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Speaker 2: we fully dive into this, I know we can both

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Speaker 2: be a little germaphobic, Mango, But what's one thing you

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Speaker 2: do it was a germophobe that you'd be embarrassed to admit.

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Speaker 1: I know. For me, it's that as soon as I.

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Speaker 2: Walk into a hotel room, I look for the free

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Speaker 2: shower cap and the bathroom or the plastic bag and

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Speaker 2: the ice bucket to slip over the remote control so

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Speaker 2: like a remote control condom. Oh yeah, I love it.

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Speaker 3: So we've known each other for almost twenty years now,

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Speaker 3: and I'm not sure you know this, but I won't

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Speaker 3: take a sip out of a drink someone else has

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Speaker 3: been drinking from.

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Speaker 4: I know.

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Speaker 3: And it's not just germophobic, it's cultural. Like in India,

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Speaker 3: the tap water is undrinkable, so families tend to keep

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Speaker 3: big glass bottles filled with purified water on tables. They're

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Speaker 3: communal and they're just builled and ready to drink from.

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Speaker 3: So as a four year old, you learn to pour

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Speaker 3: water from one or two inches above your mouth, so

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Speaker 3: you're never actually touching your lips to it. And it's

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Speaker 3: all because you don't want to spread germs, like if

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Speaker 3: you've touched your lips to it, then you've ruined it

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Speaker 3: for everyone else. But and this is the weird part,

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Speaker 3: and it's hard for me to say out loud, but

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Speaker 3: even if my wife sees me drinking a bottle of

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Speaker 3: root beer and just takes a swig, I can't drink

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Speaker 3: it out, Like, I really can't I drink it. I

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Speaker 3: have to force myself. And so that's my big secret.

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Speaker 3: Like my sister and I both, it's this weird mixture

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Speaker 3: of like Indian politeness and germophobeness and sort.

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Speaker 2: Of where those things ven diagram. I think this is

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Speaker 2: really the kind of thing you shouldn't admit, not because

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Speaker 2: it's that embarrassing, but because friends love to mess with

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Speaker 2: you on things like this. It's like when friends find

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Speaker 2: out that I can't stand for my nose to be touched.

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Speaker 2: It makes me dizzy, and then they just think it's

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Speaker 2: so funny to walk up and tapy right on the

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Speaker 2: use a button nose.

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Speaker 1: That's right now.

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Speaker 2: We also wanted our podcast listeners to share some of

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Speaker 2: their more embarrassing germaphobic moments on Facebook. So if you're

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Speaker 2: up for sharing, contribute your story to our Facebook page

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Speaker 2: and we'll be mailing out a big and ridiculous prize

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Speaker 2: to our favorite three stories. What's the prize again, I

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Speaker 2: can't tell you that's going to be huge, so big.

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Speaker 1: Can't wait.

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Speaker 2: But let's talk about this recent cover story and New Scientists.

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Speaker 2: You know this is one of my favorite magazines. I mean, honestly,

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Speaker 2: how many times a day do I mention my love

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Speaker 2: of New Scientists? Conservatively? Maybe four hundred?

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Speaker 1: Well, i'd say at least yeah.

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Speaker 2: So Penny Sarche, biomedical news editor for New Scientists, which

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Speaker 2: we've established I love, and who's going to be joining

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Speaker 2: us a little later today wrote a story titled Germ Warfare,

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Speaker 2: and in it she talks about this struggle of trying

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Speaker 2: to figure out how clean is too clean, because we

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Speaker 2: know good hygiene helps prevent infection and the spread of disease,

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Speaker 2: but we also know they are definitely good bacteria that

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Speaker 2: keep us well. But let's back up a little bit.

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Speaker 2: So in the late eighties and early nineties, many researchers

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Speaker 2: really started to get behind the theory that kids were

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Speaker 2: developing allergies later because they were avoiding so many infections

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Speaker 2: early in life, and they had plenty of evidence to

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Speaker 2: point to my kids are less likely to develop allergies

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Speaker 2: or asthma if they grow up on a farm or

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Speaker 2: grew up.

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Speaker 3: With a dog, or if their parents wash dishes by hand.

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Speaker 3: I mean, we're a dishwasher.

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Speaker 2: Family, so whit kids are screwed. Definitely us two. But oh,

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Speaker 2: here's a really gross one. Are you ready for this?

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Speaker 2: You might want to gargle a little more pure l

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Speaker 2: before I read this, though, so Sarche says a twenty

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Speaker 2: fourteen paper that found that children are less likely to

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Speaker 2: develop precursors to asthma if in their first year they're

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Speaker 2: exposed to particles from cats, mice, and cockroaches.

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Speaker 1: It makes you wonder if.

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Speaker 2: They'll eventually develop a powder made of cat hair, mice tails,

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Speaker 2: and cockroach faces that you sprinkle on your kid.

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Speaker 1: Cockroach faces. Yeah, I don't know why it has to

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Speaker 1: be faces, but it just seemed all of it was gross.

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Speaker 2: I can't even imagine that.

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Speaker 3: Actually, I read this piece in the La Times about

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Speaker 3: Amish families and their homes because the kids tend to

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Speaker 3: have considerably less asthma. And scientists actually took dust from

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Speaker 3: regular homes and then dust from Amish households, and when

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Speaker 3: they sprinkled the Amish dust in front of mice's noses,

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Speaker 3: it tended to protect the mice's airways from allergens, which

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Speaker 3: is so crazy, so amish dust. It's like a new

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Speaker 3: business idea, we are going to be so rich. Actually,

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Speaker 3: do you know who was really dirty and probably didn't

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Speaker 3: have much?

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Speaker 4: Ask?

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Speaker 1: Now, who's that? I can't wait for the answer on

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Speaker 1: this one.

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Speaker 2: What is that of right?

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Speaker 3: For some reason I got stuck in a rabbit hole

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Speaker 3: about royalty and according to the economist, kings from France

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Speaker 3: and England in the fifteen hundreds and sixteen hundreds were

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Speaker 3: the dirtiest.

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Speaker 1: Huh.

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Speaker 3: Like they believe hot water was the devil and that

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Speaker 3: it could open up your pores and let all sorts

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Speaker 3: of illness in. So here are a few stories I found,

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Speaker 3: like Francis Henry the fourth famously stunk of quote sweat

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Speaker 3: stables feet and Garland, oh Louis the eighth didn't have

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Speaker 3: his first bath until he was seven.

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Speaker 2: Oh god versa ill for all the.

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Speaker 3: Glamorous laboratories like washing with water wasn't even a concern.

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Speaker 3: And England's James the First never bathed. He only washed

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Speaker 3: his fingertips, just just the tips.

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Speaker 1: That is so gross.

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Speaker 2: But unfortunately, being healthy and living forever isn't as simple

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Speaker 2: as just saying, okay, let's be dirtier. But before we

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Speaker 2: dig into that, how about we break for a quiz.

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Speaker 1: Sounds smart, So, Mango, who do we have on the

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Speaker 1: line to play today?

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Speaker 3: So we've got two lab scientists. Their names are Bertha

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Speaker 3: and Umish, and Umesh is a special guest.

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Speaker 1: He's your dad.

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Speaker 2: That's right.

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Speaker 1: Well, Umesh, welcome to the show.

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Speaker 2: Oh, thank you. So you know, Umesh was a chemical

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Speaker 2: engineer who worked on several agriculture products over the years.

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Speaker 1: But I heard that you actually first got.

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Speaker 2: Interested in chemistry and experiments by baking bread with your

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Speaker 2: dad as a kid in India.

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Speaker 1: Is this true? Or is Mango just making stuff up

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Speaker 1: as usual.

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Speaker 2: You used to make the week Club and we had

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Speaker 2: to modify it for gluten and other things to make it.

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Speaker 3: Should it rose and reacted with the east.

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Speaker 1: Oh that's wonderful. That's really neat. What a great way

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Speaker 1: to be introduced to the sciences.

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Speaker 2: And our second guest, Bertha is at the University of Alabama, Birmingham.

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Speaker 1: Bertha, welcome to the show.

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Speaker 5: Hey Ertha, Hi, thanks for having me.

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Speaker 1: Tell us a little bit what you do at UAB So.

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Speaker 5: I'm a genetic epigemiologist. And that does not mean that

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Speaker 5: I study skin diseases. I study genetics and TAISI diabetes

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Speaker 5: and ABCD and cardivascular disease and try and figure out

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Speaker 5: what environmental exposures can change some of our genetic outcomes.

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Speaker 1: Oh wow, very cool.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, we do the same thing, but Mengo and I

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Speaker 2: are both really into that kind of just on the side. Yeah,

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Speaker 2: speaking of on the side, I understand that when you

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Speaker 2: first got into the field, you weren't quite making enough

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Speaker 2: money to make ends meet, so you would ballroom dance

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Speaker 2: to bring in additional money.

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Speaker 1: Is this true?

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Speaker 4: I did.

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Speaker 5: I am responsible for many a wedding first dance choreography.

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Speaker 5: Oh well y yeah, yeah, it was a lot of fun.

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Speaker 1: Oh cool.

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Speaker 2: Well, best the best science is very collaborative science. So

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Speaker 2: we've decided to let you to team up for this quiz.

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Speaker 1: Now, what are we playing, Mango.

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Speaker 2: We're playing a game called clean Sweep. Hmm, okay, all right, now,

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Speaker 2: normally we would try to make some sort of tangential connection,

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Speaker 2: like being lab scientists, you're very good at sanitizing things.

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Speaker 1: But we want to be honest with you here.

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Speaker 2: We just found a lot of words that rhymed with

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Speaker 2: clean and turn them into quiz questions.

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Speaker 1: So this is how it works.

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Speaker 2: We're going to give you a clue and then you

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Speaker 2: say the word clean before the example.

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Speaker 1: So this is so stupid, Mango. You're the best at

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Speaker 1: these awful courses, all right, So give us a sample, Mango.

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Speaker 3: So the reason we wear costumes on October thirty first.

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Speaker 2: You would say clean Halloween, right, or Elizabeth the second's title.

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Speaker 2: In England you might say clean Queen.

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Speaker 6: Right?

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Speaker 1: All right, you guys got it? Okay, So here we go.

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Speaker 2: We're gonna let you guys go one at a time,

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Speaker 2: but you're working together, and if one of you doesn't

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Speaker 2: get it, you can toss it to the other person. So, Bertha,

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Speaker 2: we will start with you. Question number one. A stretched

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Speaker 2: out car that glamorous people get to drive in.

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Speaker 5: Ooh clean limousine.

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Speaker 2: Well for one umesh an underwater vessel the Beatles sang

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Speaker 2: about you got it all right, Bertha? A jingle jangle

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Speaker 2: hand instrument. Bob Dylan asks a man to play in

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Speaker 2: the song.

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Speaker 3: Oh my Goodness, I punch and my dad as a

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Speaker 3: backup singer in a Rolling Stones band in Colin might

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Speaker 3: not this all right?

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Speaker 1: Let's hear it.

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Speaker 2: It's a jingle jangle hand instrument. It would be a

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Speaker 2: clean tambourine.

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Speaker 1: That's okay, we only have to get six out of.

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Speaker 4: All right.

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Speaker 1: This is back to you.

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Speaker 2: The thing you mix with ginger ale in a Shirley temple. Clean,

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Speaker 2: well done, Nice there, Bertha. Okay, this one's back to you,

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Speaker 2: all right. A character with adamantium Claus from the X Men.

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Speaker 2: It's also the University of Michigan mascot.

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Speaker 3: Yes, on the edge of our We're just gonna throw

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Speaker 3: them out.

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Speaker 2: Let either one of you answer. Here we go number

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Speaker 2: number six. You guys have gotten five out of six,

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Speaker 2: so you're in good shape. A colorful easter candy. The

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Speaker 2: easter bunny might leave for you a colorful candy. The

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Speaker 2: Easter bunny might leave for you.

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Speaker 4: A clean jelly.

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Speaker 2: You got it, Bertha, well done, all right. Question number

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Speaker 2: seven two left a method of execution that arose during

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Speaker 2: the French Revolution. The last time one was used and

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Speaker 2: was in France in nineteen seventy seven.

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Speaker 6: I got it.

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Speaker 2: Nice job, last one, all right. Former star of Two

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Speaker 2: and a Half Men, brother to Emilio Estevez.

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Speaker 3: Oh gosh, it's got a dad named Martin.

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Speaker 2: Oh clean, yes, clean, Charlie Sheen, I don't think really exists.

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Speaker 2: So it's a mythical creature.

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Speaker 1: So how many do they? How many they get right, mango?

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Speaker 3: So they got seven out of eight and of course

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Speaker 3: that means they win the big prize, which is a

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Speaker 3: note to your mom or or boss written from us,

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Speaker 3: which is, you know, finally the validation you've been looking for.

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Speaker 6: Wow, what a great prize. Congratulations guys.

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Speaker 2: So we're talking about the question how clean is too clean?

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Speaker 2: And before the break we were discussing how a little

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Speaker 2: more dirt in our lives might.

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Speaker 1: Be a key to healthier life.

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Speaker 2: But for anyone who heard that and decided to start

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Speaker 2: licking the floor, pull yourself together, it's a little more

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Speaker 2: complicated than that.

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Speaker 3: Although it is a little of that right, Like one

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Speaker 3: of the things I'm fascinated by is that we ingest

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Speaker 3: fifty to sixty milligrams of soil a day, and that

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Speaker 3: little bit of dirt might be helping us be healthier.

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Speaker 3: Like scientists also think playing quote social sports can help

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Speaker 3: and will I know, we like to have debates about

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Speaker 3: what a sport is, like is Badman really a sport?

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Speaker 1: Please don't get me started on.

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Speaker 3: I know you have some super strong feelings, but what's

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Speaker 3: important here is where we're getting our daily bacteria from

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Speaker 3: could actually play a big role in.

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Speaker 2: Our health, right, I mean, the reality is some bacteria

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Speaker 2: are good, some are bad. So it's more about understanding

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Speaker 2: our dun' da da microbiome. Now you're probably wondering what

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Speaker 2: a microbiome is, and for the super condensed version, let's

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Speaker 2: turn to our microbiome correspondent.

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Speaker 1: Oh wait, that's you. You're you're a microbiome correspondent. Mang

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Speaker 1: oh congratulations. All right, okay, talk to.

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Speaker 3: Meuch and honor, I can talk to microbiomes, so let's

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Speaker 3: stuff to ak asecon We humans like to think of

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Speaker 3: ourselves as individuals, right, like we've got big egos. But

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Speaker 3: the truth is there are as many non human cells

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Speaker 3: in our body as human cells, and because they're all

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Speaker 3: working with us, playing a vital role in our body's

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Speaker 3: success in some ways, it's more important to think of

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Speaker 3: your body like a super organism, almost like a colony

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Speaker 3: of ants all working together, or even a slime mold,

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Speaker 3: like all pulling in one direction. H. I know it's gross, right,

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Speaker 3: but that analogy doesn't even go far enough. In fact,

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Speaker 3: your body's more like a rainforest, and each of the

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Speaker 3: thousands of bacterial species inside you is precisely built for

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Speaker 3: a specific environment. Like the bacteria in your stomach would

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Speaker 3: die if it moved to your small intestine, and the

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Speaker 3: small intestine stuff.

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Speaker 2: Would struggle if it was placed.

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Speaker 3: In the big intestine. Like, it's actually that complicated. As

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Speaker 3: one of my science writer friends told me, humans are

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Speaker 3: more closely related to C squirts than these microbacteria are

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Speaker 3: to one another.

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Speaker 1: Oh wow.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, And another way to think about how diverse your

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Speaker 3: body is is to like take a look at your

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Speaker 3: left hand and your right hand. Your hands feel like

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Speaker 3: they should be the same, right, Yeah, but of the

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Speaker 3: thousands of bacteria on there, your left hand and right

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Speaker 3: hand might only share one in six microbial species.

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Speaker 2: Like how bizarre is that?

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Speaker 1: That is pretty crazy?

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Speaker 3: Right, So scientists are isolating these microbes and understanding their superpowers.

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Speaker 3: They're also considering how to hack the bacteria and use

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Speaker 3: it to human advantage. Like in Sweden, doctors at a

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Speaker 3: hospital noticed that their pneumonia patients were getting infections from

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Speaker 3: feeding tubes, and the patients were having a harsh reaction

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Speaker 3: to the antibacterial sprays. So the doctors looked at this

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Speaker 3: bacteria in your saliva called lacto basilius plantarrum, and it's

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Speaker 3: this probiotic that helps you break down food in your saliva.

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Speaker 3: And when they spread the culture inside their patient's mounts

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Speaker 3: and on the feeding tubes, it actually stopped the infections

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Speaker 3: like no side effects.

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Speaker 1: That's incredible.

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Speaker 3: So scientists have been using the Human Microbiome Project to

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Speaker 3: crack the code and map out all of our microbiota.

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Speaker 2: Well, one crazy thing about microbiomes is that scientists used

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Speaker 2: to think that how they were born might affect it,

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Speaker 2: like c sections in particular, they thought might be creating

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Speaker 2: a different type and perhaps less healthy baby than straight

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Speaker 2: vaginal deliveries. But it turns out that isn't true. I

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Speaker 2: mean it's true initially, but by six weeks the differences

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Speaker 2: aren't even detectable, which is pretty crazy because.

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Speaker 1: Kids aren't crawling around then.

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Speaker 2: But the colonies just grow so fast in the mouth

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Speaker 2: and on the skin and then the gut that they

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Speaker 2: don't need that much exposure to grow these distinct colonies

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Speaker 2: all over their bodies.

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Speaker 3: I know, I think of toddlers being dirty, but not

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Speaker 3: really babies, dirty babies set.

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Speaker 2: But the lesson is, in general, it's healthiest to have

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Speaker 2: a wider range of microbes. So it's not quite true

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Speaker 2: to say that getting more infections as a child.

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Speaker 1: Makes us healthier later.

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Speaker 2: It's really the exposure to different bacteria, and almost exclusively

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Speaker 2: exposure at a very early age. I mean we're talking

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Speaker 2: before the age of three. That's when it's pretty much set.

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Speaker 2: I mean, you know, as my mom used to say,

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Speaker 2: once your microbiome is set, your microbiome is set. She's right,

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Speaker 2: you got to set in forget it like a firm,

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Speaker 2: like a yeah, or permanent, as my grandfather would say.

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Speaker 1: People still get perms? Is is that a thing they will? Now?

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Speaker 2: So that means the bad news for all those who

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Speaker 2: were excited to start skipping your chores and stop washing

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Speaker 2: your hands and bathing. It doesn't mean you should stop

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Speaker 2: doing any of those things.

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Speaker 3: Well one sure, I mean I've read a bunch of

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Speaker 3: these reports and they all said the same thing, don't

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Speaker 3: make your bed?

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Speaker 2: What And can I tell you one thing?

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Speaker 1: Sure?

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Speaker 3: I hate this advice so much, like making my bed

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Speaker 3: is the one thing I do. It makes my room

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Speaker 3: look orderly. But even though I hate seeing this. An

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Speaker 3: unmade bed is healthier because it exposes the dust mites

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Speaker 3: in your bed sheets to sunlight and fresh air, which

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Speaker 3: you know kills them off and helps your allergies.

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Speaker 2: Oh man, the kids are going to really love this episode,

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Speaker 2: So don't bother making your bed. I'm behind that. But

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Speaker 2: where should we be cutting back?

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Speaker 1: Now?

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Speaker 2: Here are a few places antibacterial soaps. I mean, we've

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Speaker 2: been seeing for a couple of decades now that when

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Speaker 2: we kill too much of the good bacteria, the undesirable

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Speaker 2: bacteria developing resistance to antibiotics, which could be dangerous. Also,

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Speaker 2: clean products indoor pollution from all the cleaning supplies and

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Speaker 2: chemicals in them. The most harmful ones are often the

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Speaker 2: ones being used just to produce a good smell.

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Speaker 1: So instead you.

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Speaker 2: Should clean with things like vinegar and other products that

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Speaker 2: you'd feel comfortable cooking with.

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Speaker 3: Yeah. So, I was actually looking into this because my

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Speaker 3: family tries to use mostly organic cleaning products for our

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Speaker 3: kid's sake, And when I was googling what you can

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Speaker 3: do to reduce the chemical sense in your home, one

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Speaker 3: of the things that comes up is a list of

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Speaker 3: recommendations from NASA. From NASA, Yeah, I just learned this.

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Speaker 3: But every year in NASA issues a list of the

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Speaker 3: best plants to help purify your home.

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Speaker 1: Huh.

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Speaker 3: And they've been doing clear air studies since the eighties

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Speaker 3: because the agency wants to know what's the best way

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Speaker 3: to clean the air and space stations. So this list

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Speaker 3: of preferred plants has things like the peace lily, which

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Speaker 3: can eliminate traces of formaldehyde and benzene and ammonia. But

444
00:19:48,280 --> 00:19:51,639
Speaker 3: it's also toxic to dogs, which is kind of a

445
00:19:51,640 --> 00:19:54,920
Speaker 3: big trade off, right, like peace dogs between clear air

446
00:19:54,920 --> 00:19:55,520
Speaker 3: and this plant.

447
00:19:55,560 --> 00:19:56,440
Speaker 2: It's all plant.

448
00:19:58,359 --> 00:20:00,399
Speaker 3: But the crazier thing to me is this record inundation

449
00:20:00,600 --> 00:20:02,720
Speaker 3: on the ideal number of plants you should have in

450
00:20:02,720 --> 00:20:04,399
Speaker 3: your house. And can you guess what it is?

451
00:20:04,760 --> 00:20:05,159
Speaker 1: I don't know.

452
00:20:05,240 --> 00:20:09,560
Speaker 3: Four it's one plant for one hundred square feet. Like

453
00:20:09,760 --> 00:20:12,520
Speaker 3: I live in a tiny, super small apartment with a

454
00:20:12,520 --> 00:20:14,640
Speaker 3: wife and two kids, and now I have to share

455
00:20:14,680 --> 00:20:17,400
Speaker 3: it with a tiny forest, like just to breed the air.

456
00:20:17,600 --> 00:20:19,040
Speaker 1: I mean, you gotta do what you gotta do.

457
00:20:19,119 --> 00:20:22,280
Speaker 2: That's so speaking of our homes and finding that perfect

458
00:20:22,359 --> 00:20:26,480
Speaker 2: balance of clean Penny Sarchet describes as science approved hygiene

459
00:20:26,600 --> 00:20:29,480
Speaker 2: sweet spot, So that is you're not looking to completely

460
00:20:29,520 --> 00:20:32,200
Speaker 2: sterilize your home. It's more about focusing on getting rid

461
00:20:32,240 --> 00:20:35,480
Speaker 2: of harmful bacteria in places. This bacteria is most likely

462
00:20:35,560 --> 00:20:38,359
Speaker 2: to be in places we come into contact with, so

463
00:20:38,560 --> 00:20:42,680
Speaker 2: kitchen surfaces, doorknobs, bathroom light switches. But as long as

464
00:20:42,680 --> 00:20:44,320
Speaker 2: we're talking about Penny, what do you say we get

465
00:20:44,320 --> 00:20:45,679
Speaker 2: her on the phone and give her a little quiz

466
00:20:45,680 --> 00:20:55,520
Speaker 2: and that sounds great? All right? So we've been talking

467
00:20:55,560 --> 00:20:57,880
Speaker 2: about new scientists a lot and how much we love

468
00:20:57,920 --> 00:21:00,320
Speaker 2: new scientists. And you know how excited I have, I

469
00:21:00,359 --> 00:21:03,879
Speaker 2: hope because we have a biomedical news editor joining us today,

470
00:21:03,920 --> 00:21:07,280
Speaker 2: Penny Sarche. She's going to talk to us about her

471
00:21:07,359 --> 00:21:09,320
Speaker 2: article and a few other questions that we have, but

472
00:21:09,760 --> 00:21:12,640
Speaker 2: also to play one of your ridiculous games. She may

473
00:21:12,880 --> 00:21:14,800
Speaker 2: regret this visit. What's the game we're going to be playing.

474
00:21:14,840 --> 00:21:17,879
Speaker 2: It's some not so dirty words. Okay, all right, Well

475
00:21:17,880 --> 00:21:21,080
Speaker 2: we'll find out more about that in a bit, but Penny,

476
00:21:21,160 --> 00:21:22,400
Speaker 2: welcome to Part Time Genius.

477
00:21:22,480 --> 00:21:22,720
Speaker 4: Hi.

478
00:21:23,119 --> 00:21:25,600
Speaker 2: Thanks so much for writing the story and for joining us.

479
00:21:25,720 --> 00:21:28,440
Speaker 2: I do have to start up by asking you about

480
00:21:28,440 --> 00:21:30,720
Speaker 2: this quote that, to be honest, kind of made me

481
00:21:30,760 --> 00:21:32,680
Speaker 2: feel nauseous when I read it. So you were talking

482
00:21:32,680 --> 00:21:36,040
Speaker 2: about a twenty fourteen paper that found that children are

483
00:21:36,119 --> 00:21:39,760
Speaker 2: less likely to develop asthma or precursors dasma. I guess

484
00:21:39,840 --> 00:21:42,560
Speaker 2: you said in their first year if they're exposed to

485
00:21:42,640 --> 00:21:46,040
Speaker 2: particles from cats, mice, and cockroaches.

486
00:21:46,200 --> 00:21:48,399
Speaker 1: I mean, what do we do about this, Penny?

487
00:21:48,800 --> 00:21:51,000
Speaker 4: I know it's really grim, isn't it. I think the

488
00:21:51,119 --> 00:21:54,160
Speaker 4: difficult thing is you can measure these things and find

489
00:21:54,160 --> 00:21:58,440
Speaker 4: me associations, but working out like the cuisation and what

490
00:21:58,480 --> 00:22:02,679
Speaker 4: that actually means is a cockroach particle food for a child,

491
00:22:03,200 --> 00:22:05,920
Speaker 4: It's an entirely different experiment and one that you're not

492
00:22:06,040 --> 00:22:09,439
Speaker 4: ever going to do so I wouldn't aim to have

493
00:22:09,520 --> 00:22:12,280
Speaker 4: a sealthy home, but I think the best way to

494
00:22:12,320 --> 00:22:15,080
Speaker 4: see that kind of thing is more an indication that

495
00:22:15,160 --> 00:22:17,800
Speaker 4: it's not as simple as let's just be dirty or

496
00:22:17,880 --> 00:22:20,840
Speaker 4: let's just be clean. And I think some of the

497
00:22:20,880 --> 00:22:24,120
Speaker 4: further research that I did after coming across that paper

498
00:22:24,640 --> 00:22:27,120
Speaker 4: kind of suggested that these things, like the fact that

499
00:22:27,160 --> 00:22:29,919
Speaker 4: you were exposed to cat hair, also meant you were

500
00:22:29,920 --> 00:22:33,280
Speaker 4: probably exposed to other things related to the cat. So

501
00:22:33,320 --> 00:22:35,880
Speaker 4: it might not have been the cat hair or even

502
00:22:35,920 --> 00:22:38,800
Speaker 4: the cat peces that you may have come into contact

503
00:22:38,840 --> 00:22:40,880
Speaker 4: with it's the fact that the cat might have been

504
00:22:40,880 --> 00:22:44,280
Speaker 4: bringing soil into your home, for example, and perhaps some

505
00:22:44,320 --> 00:22:47,520
Speaker 4: of the bacterian soil are really good for preventing asma

506
00:22:47,560 --> 00:22:50,280
Speaker 4: and young infants. But it's just it came out as

507
00:22:50,320 --> 00:22:52,640
Speaker 4: this quite disgusting correlation in the study.

508
00:22:52,920 --> 00:22:55,399
Speaker 2: Yeah, I'm glad to know that it's not necessarily the

509
00:22:55,440 --> 00:22:56,720
Speaker 2: cat feces that you said.

510
00:22:56,720 --> 00:22:58,040
Speaker 1: That's like that to you.

511
00:22:58,960 --> 00:23:00,879
Speaker 3: So, Kenny, I, I thought you did a really nice

512
00:23:00,960 --> 00:23:03,959
Speaker 3: job of describing a clean sweet spot in your article,

513
00:23:04,080 --> 00:23:06,200
Speaker 3: and I was so curious if you could just describe

514
00:23:06,200 --> 00:23:07,800
Speaker 3: that for our listeners a little bit.

515
00:23:08,080 --> 00:23:12,000
Speaker 4: Yeah, it's's quite helpful for me too. So it's basically

516
00:23:12,200 --> 00:23:15,640
Speaker 4: almost like a priority system. So you should really focus

517
00:23:15,760 --> 00:23:20,720
Speaker 4: on being clean at the most important sites and places

518
00:23:20,760 --> 00:23:23,920
Speaker 4: in your home and at the most important times, and

519
00:23:24,200 --> 00:23:27,600
Speaker 4: that stops you from spreading infection and getting sick. But

520
00:23:27,680 --> 00:23:30,919
Speaker 4: it also means you're not spending your entire life needlessly

521
00:23:31,080 --> 00:23:34,720
Speaker 4: cleaning your home from top to bottom. So the place

522
00:23:34,800 --> 00:23:38,040
Speaker 4: has been talking about you know, taking a kitchen surfaces

523
00:23:38,560 --> 00:23:43,119
Speaker 4: and cooking, but also in touch points, so light switch

524
00:23:43,160 --> 00:23:46,719
Speaker 4: is door or like taps as well, just things that

525
00:23:46,760 --> 00:23:49,399
Speaker 4: you touch a lot and you might pass things on

526
00:23:49,480 --> 00:23:52,080
Speaker 4: to who you're living with. And then in terms of times,

527
00:23:52,240 --> 00:23:55,120
Speaker 4: it's obviously when you go to the bathroom and when

528
00:23:55,160 --> 00:23:58,199
Speaker 4: you're cooking and when you're eating, but also if someone's

529
00:23:58,240 --> 00:24:00,359
Speaker 4: sick in the house, you might want to sort of

530
00:24:00,520 --> 00:24:03,160
Speaker 4: unpup how clean you are and how often you've clean

531
00:24:03,240 --> 00:24:06,639
Speaker 4: down these touch points, because if someone in your family

532
00:24:06,680 --> 00:24:10,320
Speaker 4: has neurovirus and is throwing up regularly, you're obviously at

533
00:24:10,280 --> 00:24:12,440
Speaker 4: a much higher risk of spreading things around the home

534
00:24:12,480 --> 00:24:15,280
Speaker 4: and the family. Then say, you know you've got a

535
00:24:15,320 --> 00:24:17,440
Speaker 4: clean bill of health and no one's obviously ill.

536
00:24:17,840 --> 00:24:21,520
Speaker 2: The whole study around the microbiome is just so fascinating,

537
00:24:21,600 --> 00:24:24,840
Speaker 2: and it feels like we're still so early and understanding

538
00:24:25,280 --> 00:24:28,840
Speaker 2: the microbiome. What kinds of things are you guys thinking

539
00:24:28,840 --> 00:24:31,280
Speaker 2: about at new scientists right now, or things you think

540
00:24:31,320 --> 00:24:33,600
Speaker 2: will be able to better treat as we as we'd

541
00:24:33,640 --> 00:24:35,120
Speaker 2: better understand the microbiome.

542
00:24:35,280 --> 00:24:37,919
Speaker 4: Well, so it's so difficult to note because there's just

543
00:24:38,200 --> 00:24:41,040
Speaker 4: endless conditions that seem to be linked in some way

544
00:24:41,080 --> 00:24:45,520
Speaker 4: to the microbiome, like everything from Alzheimer's to obesity, and

545
00:24:45,560 --> 00:24:48,520
Speaker 4: we're still really only sort of unraveling those links and

546
00:24:49,040 --> 00:24:51,960
Speaker 4: we're still quite a long way from working out how

547
00:24:52,160 --> 00:24:55,840
Speaker 4: usefully we can use this, but there haven't stopped lots

548
00:24:55,840 --> 00:25:00,000
Speaker 4: of people from already developing like sprays and treatments and

549
00:25:00,119 --> 00:25:02,520
Speaker 4: all kinds of things you can buy online to kind

550
00:25:02,560 --> 00:25:06,200
Speaker 4: of change the bacteria in your skin or in your gut,

551
00:25:06,400 --> 00:25:09,159
Speaker 4: and we don't really know whether those work yet and

552
00:25:09,440 --> 00:25:11,840
Speaker 4: if so, how there are a few things we know,

553
00:25:12,040 --> 00:25:15,439
Speaker 4: so in some places, fecal transplant, so that really is

554
00:25:15,560 --> 00:25:19,720
Speaker 4: just a transplant of poo is allowed or has been

555
00:25:19,720 --> 00:25:22,919
Speaker 4: approved as a treatment for seed difficiles, which is a

556
00:25:23,040 --> 00:25:26,560
Speaker 4: bacterial infection that is really difficult to get rid of

557
00:25:26,640 --> 00:25:29,680
Speaker 4: once you've got it. So that's kind of that's quite

558
00:25:29,720 --> 00:25:32,000
Speaker 4: a landmark in that respect that it's actually been used.

559
00:25:32,040 --> 00:25:34,920
Speaker 4: There's a treatment there, But there are people out there

560
00:25:34,920 --> 00:25:38,879
Speaker 4: who are just going ahead and doing transplants of pooh

561
00:25:38,960 --> 00:25:42,879
Speaker 4: themselves in an unregulated way. And from some kinds of

562
00:25:42,880 --> 00:25:45,840
Speaker 4: studies like this, there are kind of early ancdotes and

563
00:25:45,880 --> 00:25:48,919
Speaker 4: warning signs that this is obviously much more complex than

564
00:25:48,960 --> 00:25:51,560
Speaker 4: we really know yet, because there's so many species of

565
00:25:51,600 --> 00:25:55,000
Speaker 4: bacteria and we don't know what they're doing. So there's

566
00:25:55,080 --> 00:25:58,280
Speaker 4: some evidence that maybe if you were to receive a

567
00:25:58,359 --> 00:26:02,280
Speaker 4: transplant from someone you is a beef, that might actually

568
00:26:02,320 --> 00:26:04,880
Speaker 4: make you more likely to become a beef. And these

569
00:26:04,960 --> 00:26:08,040
Speaker 4: kinds of interesting effects that start happening when you play

570
00:26:08,040 --> 00:26:11,080
Speaker 4: around with your microbiome. So, yeah, it's really dunny days.

571
00:26:11,200 --> 00:26:13,080
Speaker 4: And the other thing we don't really know is beyond

572
00:26:13,119 --> 00:26:16,680
Speaker 4: something drastic, like if people transplant, can you really even

573
00:26:16,760 --> 00:26:20,840
Speaker 4: change your microbiome beyond the age of about three. Maybe

574
00:26:21,080 --> 00:26:23,960
Speaker 4: you obviously go through a lot of changes the first

575
00:26:24,000 --> 00:26:26,640
Speaker 4: few years of life, but once your body has been

576
00:26:26,680 --> 00:26:30,320
Speaker 4: colonized by whichever bacteria come on in, can you really

577
00:26:30,400 --> 00:26:33,320
Speaker 4: kind of shift it much more in a healthier or

578
00:26:33,400 --> 00:26:36,200
Speaker 4: less healthy direction. We don't really know that yet.

579
00:26:36,320 --> 00:26:38,320
Speaker 3: You know what one thing I was curious about was

580
00:26:38,720 --> 00:26:41,800
Speaker 3: whether your behavior has changed since working on this article, Like,

581
00:26:41,960 --> 00:26:43,480
Speaker 3: when was the last time you washed your hands?

582
00:26:43,680 --> 00:26:46,760
Speaker 4: Yeah, I'm still a fan of washing my hands. I

583
00:26:46,840 --> 00:26:50,440
Speaker 4: did to the toilet before speaking to you, so they're

584
00:26:50,560 --> 00:26:54,720
Speaker 4: very keen right now. But yeah, hands watching, I haven't changed.

585
00:26:54,760 --> 00:26:56,800
Speaker 4: I was hoping actually for an excuse to wash my

586
00:26:56,840 --> 00:27:00,439
Speaker 4: hands left being a clean freak, but actually speaking into

587
00:27:00,720 --> 00:27:03,399
Speaker 4: the food hygiene and home hygiene experts who were telling

588
00:27:03,400 --> 00:27:06,240
Speaker 4: me about how many people get food poisoning in their

589
00:27:06,240 --> 00:27:09,119
Speaker 4: homes every year. That actually gave me no excuse to

590
00:27:09,119 --> 00:27:12,119
Speaker 4: cut back at all. But we've got a garden flat

591
00:27:12,200 --> 00:27:14,199
Speaker 4: that we're in and out all the time with bikes

592
00:27:14,240 --> 00:27:17,600
Speaker 4: and plants and things, and so much of what I'm

593
00:27:17,600 --> 00:27:20,080
Speaker 4: speaking to some of the people about soil and dirt

594
00:27:20,200 --> 00:27:23,040
Speaker 4: and just being outside. I'm a lot more relaxed now.

595
00:27:23,080 --> 00:27:25,639
Speaker 4: If we kind of walk soil in, just sweep it

596
00:27:25,720 --> 00:27:28,000
Speaker 4: off and don't need to kind of really thoroughly clean

597
00:27:28,080 --> 00:27:31,320
Speaker 4: the floor or anything like that. I think the only

598
00:27:31,359 --> 00:27:33,280
Speaker 4: thing there that would be really worrying was if we

599
00:27:33,320 --> 00:27:35,720
Speaker 4: had a baby that was cooling around and licking the floor.

600
00:27:35,720 --> 00:27:37,840
Speaker 4: If a well to you, that would be slightly worrying.

601
00:27:38,000 --> 00:27:39,400
Speaker 4: But that's not what I do.

602
00:27:39,640 --> 00:27:42,280
Speaker 2: All right, Well, thank you for talking about how to

603
00:27:42,320 --> 00:27:44,119
Speaker 2: be clean, and we want to put you to the

604
00:27:44,200 --> 00:27:46,159
Speaker 2: test if you're willing to stick around and play a

605
00:27:46,240 --> 00:27:47,200
Speaker 2: game of what did you say?

606
00:27:47,240 --> 00:27:50,280
Speaker 3: The game was called it's called not So Dirty Words,

607
00:27:50,480 --> 00:27:53,280
Speaker 3: and it's a game we expressly wrote for you since

608
00:27:53,320 --> 00:27:54,560
Speaker 3: you're a clean expert.

609
00:27:54,760 --> 00:27:55,639
Speaker 1: Here's how it works.

610
00:27:55,640 --> 00:27:58,879
Speaker 2: We're going to take one word that sounds dirty and

611
00:27:58,920 --> 00:28:01,680
Speaker 2: give you two definitions and all you have to do

612
00:28:01,840 --> 00:28:03,840
Speaker 2: is tell us which one is the real one?

613
00:28:03,880 --> 00:28:04,600
Speaker 1: Does that make sense?

614
00:28:04,840 --> 00:28:05,000
Speaker 4: Yeah?

615
00:28:05,080 --> 00:28:08,879
Speaker 2: Okay, yeah, all right, here we go. Word number one

616
00:28:09,760 --> 00:28:14,040
Speaker 2: is formication. That's not with an N but an M

617
00:28:14,080 --> 00:28:18,640
Speaker 2: as in Michael. Formication. Does it mean A A sensation

618
00:28:18,840 --> 00:28:22,600
Speaker 2: like insects crawling on your skin or b the word

619
00:28:22,680 --> 00:28:26,880
Speaker 2: veterinarians use for the tartar build up on a goat's teeth. Formication.

620
00:28:28,200 --> 00:28:30,840
Speaker 4: That's a tough one. I think I'm gonna go with

621
00:28:30,960 --> 00:28:35,000
Speaker 4: formication insects because of maybe.

622
00:28:34,840 --> 00:28:39,000
Speaker 2: You are absolutely right, right, she's all also an insects expert.

623
00:28:39,040 --> 00:28:40,640
Speaker 2: All right, this is a good one. Number two, this

624
00:28:40,680 --> 00:28:41,880
Speaker 2: is where did you find these?

625
00:28:41,920 --> 00:28:46,120
Speaker 1: Mano? This is ridiculous? Okay? All right? Number two? Did

626
00:28:46,160 --> 00:28:47,640
Speaker 1: you make this up? Is this a real thing?

627
00:28:47,880 --> 00:28:49,800
Speaker 2: Okay? Turtis Maximus?

628
00:28:49,920 --> 00:28:50,360
Speaker 1: Okay?

629
00:28:50,720 --> 00:28:55,120
Speaker 2: Is Turtis Maximus a broad shield volcano that forms in

630
00:28:55,160 --> 00:28:59,320
Speaker 2: the middle of oceanic plates or the Latin name for

631
00:28:59,360 --> 00:29:04,640
Speaker 2: the Tibetan blackbird found in the Himalayas and Pakistan. Turtis maximus.

632
00:29:04,760 --> 00:29:07,120
Speaker 2: Is it a volcano or a blackbird?

633
00:29:07,400 --> 00:29:10,280
Speaker 4: Oh? I like to think if it was a bear

634
00:29:10,680 --> 00:29:13,520
Speaker 4: it would sound more familiar. Although I can't remember what

635
00:29:13,600 --> 00:29:17,000
Speaker 4: blackbird is right now, I'm going to go with the volcano.

636
00:29:17,320 --> 00:29:20,320
Speaker 3: Oh, it's actually the blackbird.

637
00:29:20,960 --> 00:29:23,680
Speaker 2: It's a member of the thrush family. Oh, of course,

638
00:29:23,760 --> 00:29:25,200
Speaker 2: if we had just given her that hand said it

639
00:29:25,240 --> 00:29:28,959
Speaker 2: was a member of the thrush family, nailed it. So

640
00:29:29,720 --> 00:29:34,480
Speaker 2: number three, Our soul spelled a R s O l

641
00:29:34,640 --> 00:29:40,000
Speaker 2: e is our soul a Hawaiian term for meat harvested

642
00:29:40,040 --> 00:29:43,720
Speaker 2: from the tender coconut or B A ring shaped arsenic

643
00:29:43,760 --> 00:29:47,080
Speaker 2: based organic compound. Is it a word for the meat

644
00:29:47,080 --> 00:29:50,320
Speaker 2: harvested from the tender coconut or a ring shaped arsenic

645
00:29:50,360 --> 00:29:52,000
Speaker 2: based organic compound.

646
00:29:52,240 --> 00:29:54,000
Speaker 4: I can't tell if it's a red herring or not,

647
00:29:54,160 --> 00:29:56,080
Speaker 4: but surely.

648
00:29:56,160 --> 00:30:01,280
Speaker 2: Yes, you're right, well done, Okay, let's do I'm just

649
00:30:01,320 --> 00:30:01,960
Speaker 2: having too much fun.

650
00:30:02,000 --> 00:30:03,080
Speaker 1: Let's let's keep going, all right.

651
00:30:03,240 --> 00:30:06,360
Speaker 2: The next one fart lick f A R T l

652
00:30:06,440 --> 00:30:08,640
Speaker 2: e K. You can use these words in your articles

653
00:30:08,640 --> 00:30:11,600
Speaker 2: in the future, by the way, Penny, you have our permission. Yeah,

654
00:30:11,640 --> 00:30:14,240
Speaker 2: they're good ones, all right? Is A fart lick a

655
00:30:14,280 --> 00:30:18,640
Speaker 2: Swedish method for training distance runners by varying pace and terrain,

656
00:30:19,440 --> 00:30:22,720
Speaker 2: or b a small species of antelope closely related to

657
00:30:22,760 --> 00:30:29,080
Speaker 2: the dictic. I'm gonna oh, the heart.

658
00:30:29,800 --> 00:30:34,440
Speaker 3: Sound like they should be related, right, but it's actually

659
00:30:34,520 --> 00:30:36,120
Speaker 3: a Swedish distance training.

660
00:30:36,360 --> 00:30:39,080
Speaker 1: She needs to get three correct to win the big prize.

661
00:30:39,080 --> 00:30:42,120
Speaker 2: So let's do one more sack butt s A C

662
00:30:42,360 --> 00:30:43,920
Speaker 2: K hyphen butt?

663
00:30:45,200 --> 00:30:46,680
Speaker 1: You do all right? Here we go?

664
00:30:46,800 --> 00:30:50,800
Speaker 2: Is it a the fourteenth century ancestor of the modern trombones,

665
00:30:50,920 --> 00:30:54,800
Speaker 2: sometimes called a sag butt or b a Viking table

666
00:30:54,960 --> 00:30:56,720
Speaker 2: used for formal banquets.

667
00:30:57,520 --> 00:31:01,640
Speaker 4: It is definitely, well you did.

668
00:31:03,120 --> 00:31:04,200
Speaker 1: What does she want, mango?

669
00:31:04,560 --> 00:31:08,640
Speaker 3: Well, she's ellegible for our top prize, which is our

670
00:31:08,760 --> 00:31:09,640
Speaker 3: endless admiration.

671
00:31:09,760 --> 00:31:14,360
Speaker 2: Oh my gosh, congratulations Penny. Well, Penny, keep up the

672
00:31:14,400 --> 00:31:17,320
Speaker 2: great work. We remain huge fans of new scientists. Thanks

673
00:31:17,320 --> 00:31:18,880
Speaker 2: so much for joining us, and we hope to talk

674
00:31:18,880 --> 00:31:19,360
Speaker 2: to you again.

675
00:31:19,520 --> 00:31:21,000
Speaker 4: Thanks very much. She was my pleasure.

676
00:31:21,520 --> 00:31:38,960
Speaker 2: Thanks by Welcome back to part time Genius.

677
00:31:39,040 --> 00:31:41,000
Speaker 1: So before the break, Penny Sarchet.

678
00:31:40,640 --> 00:31:43,560
Speaker 2: Was chatting about the hygiene sweet spot, that is, keeping

679
00:31:43,600 --> 00:31:45,920
Speaker 2: your house clean but not too clean. It's kind of

680
00:31:45,920 --> 00:31:49,240
Speaker 2: a Goldilocks approach exactly. Since I wanted to know what

681
00:31:49,360 --> 00:31:52,640
Speaker 2: to watch out for, I got curious about the dirtiest places,

682
00:31:52,720 --> 00:31:55,200
Speaker 2: and here are a few things I found so at home,

683
00:31:55,720 --> 00:31:57,120
Speaker 2: the walls around your toilet.

684
00:31:57,120 --> 00:31:59,320
Speaker 1: You know, you just kind of imagine it's the toilet,

685
00:31:59,320 --> 00:32:01,360
Speaker 1: but it's actually around.

686
00:32:00,640 --> 00:32:04,920
Speaker 2: Your toilet, the kitchen sponge, the kitchen sink drain, the

687
00:32:04,960 --> 00:32:08,520
Speaker 2: cutting board is a really nasty one. That toothbrush cup

688
00:32:08,520 --> 00:32:11,200
Speaker 2: where everybody keeps their toothbrushes. So some of these places

689
00:32:11,200 --> 00:32:13,640
Speaker 2: that you don't immediately think about, and one of the

690
00:32:13,720 --> 00:32:17,440
Speaker 2: huge ones the remote control. Now in hotels, two of

691
00:32:17,480 --> 00:32:20,680
Speaker 2: the nastiest places are the remote control, which of course

692
00:32:20,680 --> 00:32:22,440
Speaker 2: you'll no longer have to deal with thanks to our

693
00:32:22,480 --> 00:32:25,960
Speaker 2: patented part time genius remote control condoms. You should see

694
00:32:26,000 --> 00:32:29,920
Speaker 2: these on shelfs soon. And the bedside lamp switch. I

695
00:32:30,040 --> 00:32:32,200
Speaker 2: never would have guessed the lamp switched me either. So

696
00:32:32,320 --> 00:32:34,640
Speaker 2: what about airplanes? What do you think is consistently the

697
00:32:34,680 --> 00:32:36,160
Speaker 2: dirtiest place on a plane?

698
00:32:36,280 --> 00:32:38,880
Speaker 3: That a twisty thing you put to turn to put

699
00:32:38,920 --> 00:32:41,640
Speaker 3: on the air or maybe the drinks page of the

700
00:32:41,760 --> 00:32:42,600
Speaker 3: airline magazine.

701
00:32:42,640 --> 00:32:46,480
Speaker 2: I'd say, yeah, that's a pretty specific page there, mega.

702
00:32:45,600 --> 00:32:47,080
Speaker 1: And I'm guessing it's not clean.

703
00:32:47,200 --> 00:32:50,120
Speaker 2: But the number one dirtiest thing in some studies by

704
00:32:50,240 --> 00:32:54,560
Speaker 2: surprisingly significant margin, seems to be the tray table. What, yeah,

705
00:32:54,560 --> 00:32:56,560
Speaker 2: it's discussing if you think about it, people are using

706
00:32:56,560 --> 00:32:58,840
Speaker 2: it constantly, folding it up and it may not get clean.

707
00:32:59,160 --> 00:33:01,240
Speaker 2: And let's get back to the idea of good bacteria.

708
00:33:01,280 --> 00:33:03,440
Speaker 2: This is something we all hear more and more about

709
00:33:03,480 --> 00:33:07,040
Speaker 2: these days because of probiotics, the four hundred varieties of

710
00:33:07,120 --> 00:33:10,360
Speaker 2: yogurt in the grocery store. As a side note here, recently,

711
00:33:10,360 --> 00:33:12,120
Speaker 2: I saw a list of the ways you can annoy

712
00:33:12,160 --> 00:33:14,120
Speaker 2: people in your office and number one on that list

713
00:33:14,200 --> 00:33:17,200
Speaker 2: of ways was to stand behind a co worker with

714
00:33:17,760 --> 00:33:20,320
Speaker 2: a cup of that fruit on the bottom yogurt and

715
00:33:20,480 --> 00:33:24,480
Speaker 2: just stir it out that sound alone. Yeah, do you

716
00:33:24,520 --> 00:33:25,120
Speaker 2: make that list?

717
00:33:25,360 --> 00:33:27,560
Speaker 1: I did make that list. I'm the author of that list.

718
00:33:27,960 --> 00:33:31,000
Speaker 3: So there's definitely a lot to talk about with probiotics.

719
00:33:31,000 --> 00:33:34,040
Speaker 3: And that's because the gut flora is really important. And

720
00:33:34,200 --> 00:33:36,560
Speaker 3: it's important because it keeps you regular, like you don't

721
00:33:36,560 --> 00:33:39,880
Speaker 3: want to be consumpated, right, But the thousand different bacteria

722
00:33:39,920 --> 00:33:42,680
Speaker 3: in there also have a direct impact on your brain,

723
00:33:43,000 --> 00:33:47,440
Speaker 3: and studies have shown strong links between anxiety, depression, even autism,

724
00:33:47,720 --> 00:33:49,160
Speaker 3: and it's all linked to your gut flora.

725
00:33:49,320 --> 00:33:49,560
Speaker 4: Wow.

726
00:33:49,720 --> 00:33:52,440
Speaker 3: But and here's the important part. What you put in

727
00:33:52,480 --> 00:33:56,200
Speaker 3: their matters. Like in twenty thirteen, the medical journal gastro

728
00:33:56,280 --> 00:33:59,600
Speaker 3: Andrology published a paper where women ate yogurt twice a

729
00:33:59,680 --> 00:34:02,480
Speaker 3: day and the probiotics changed the makeup of their gut

730
00:34:02,520 --> 00:34:06,320
Speaker 3: flora and actually made them calmer and happier under stress tests.

731
00:34:06,520 --> 00:34:07,360
Speaker 1: That's fascinating.

732
00:34:07,440 --> 00:34:09,719
Speaker 2: Now, speaking of things we eat, it reminded me of

733
00:34:09,719 --> 00:34:12,200
Speaker 2: what might be too clean. And I've got to tell you,

734
00:34:12,280 --> 00:34:15,120
Speaker 2: I was thirty seven years old before I ever washed

735
00:34:15,160 --> 00:34:15,759
Speaker 2: a banana.

736
00:34:15,880 --> 00:34:19,239
Speaker 3: A banana, yep, why would you wash one?

737
00:34:19,320 --> 00:34:21,520
Speaker 2: So one of my daughter's friends refuse to eat a

738
00:34:21,560 --> 00:34:23,879
Speaker 2: banana from our house until I washed it because, as

739
00:34:23,880 --> 00:34:26,560
Speaker 2: she said, my mom always washes my banana.

740
00:34:27,200 --> 00:34:29,880
Speaker 3: Well, if you're recommending it, I guess we should. But

741
00:34:30,640 --> 00:34:32,880
Speaker 3: let's answer the question of how clean is too clean.

742
00:34:33,239 --> 00:34:36,359
Speaker 3: Obviously you should keep washing those hands and bananas, and

743
00:34:36,400 --> 00:34:38,560
Speaker 3: pay attention to the dirty st areas of your house,

744
00:34:38,760 --> 00:34:40,800
Speaker 3: the things we touch a lot, like the light switches

745
00:34:40,840 --> 00:34:42,520
Speaker 3: and remote controls and cutting boards.

746
00:34:42,719 --> 00:34:44,319
Speaker 2: But also, what's the best thing you can do to

747
00:34:44,360 --> 00:34:47,560
Speaker 2: expose yourself to a wider variety of good bacteria. It's

748
00:34:47,600 --> 00:34:50,600
Speaker 2: to spend more time outside, which, of course we're recommending

749
00:34:50,640 --> 00:34:53,600
Speaker 2: from a room with no windows. I love it. Speaking

750
00:34:53,600 --> 00:34:55,960
Speaker 2: of things I love. You know what time it is, Well, yep,

751
00:34:55,960 --> 00:34:57,799
Speaker 2: it's time for the fact Off, where we share all

752
00:34:57,840 --> 00:34:59,520
Speaker 2: the things we learned this week that we didn't get

753
00:34:59,560 --> 00:35:01,719
Speaker 2: a chance to mention. But before we do that, we

754
00:35:01,719 --> 00:35:04,040
Speaker 2: should probably give out our genius Award. Who do you

755
00:35:04,080 --> 00:35:05,280
Speaker 2: think deserves that honor today?

756
00:35:05,440 --> 00:35:07,680
Speaker 3: I think we've got to give it to miss Goldie Lipman,

757
00:35:07,719 --> 00:35:10,360
Speaker 3: who came up with the idea of Gojo the pre purel.

758
00:35:10,560 --> 00:35:11,040
Speaker 1: I agree.

759
00:35:11,120 --> 00:35:12,799
Speaker 3: I mean she passed away in the seventies, but we're

760
00:35:12,840 --> 00:35:14,480
Speaker 3: going to add her to our Hall of Genius and

761
00:35:14,520 --> 00:35:16,920
Speaker 3: send the company a certificate that they could hang on

762
00:35:16,960 --> 00:35:20,200
Speaker 3: their office blooden board. So congratulations Goldie.

763
00:35:20,320 --> 00:35:21,040
Speaker 1: I'm for that.

764
00:35:21,120 --> 00:35:31,279
Speaker 2: But back to the fact off, mangush, as we like

765
00:35:31,320 --> 00:35:33,239
Speaker 2: to say, on the part of north central Alabama where

766
00:35:33,280 --> 00:35:37,799
Speaker 2: I grew up. You first, So here's a fact for you.

767
00:35:38,239 --> 00:35:41,400
Speaker 3: There's a guy named Jasper Lawrence who had severe allergies,

768
00:35:41,760 --> 00:35:43,879
Speaker 3: like his eyes would swell up to the point where

769
00:35:43,920 --> 00:35:46,920
Speaker 3: he couldn't see. He had intense trouble breathing, and he

770
00:35:46,960 --> 00:35:48,719
Speaker 3: decided the only way he could get his boyer to

771
00:35:48,760 --> 00:35:52,319
Speaker 3: stop attacking itself was to give it something to attack. So,

772
00:35:52,920 --> 00:35:54,920
Speaker 3: and this is the part I love. He went to

773
00:35:55,040 --> 00:35:58,919
Speaker 3: Cameroon and he intentionally walked around barefoot in areas where

774
00:35:58,920 --> 00:36:01,480
Speaker 3: people went to the bathroom. Oh, I know, and the

775
00:36:01,520 --> 00:36:05,200
Speaker 3: reason was to give himself hookworm. And then he started

776
00:36:05,200 --> 00:36:08,640
Speaker 3: this internet business selling hookworms to relieve people with crohns

777
00:36:08,680 --> 00:36:12,200
Speaker 3: and other autoimmune disorders, which may actually work, but comes

778
00:36:12,200 --> 00:36:15,240
Speaker 3: with all sorts of FDA and postal service complications.

779
00:36:15,560 --> 00:36:17,760
Speaker 2: I like to imagine the conversation where he's like, honey,

780
00:36:17,760 --> 00:36:19,920
Speaker 2: I tried the flonase, it didn't work, so I'm going

781
00:36:20,000 --> 00:36:23,680
Speaker 2: to move on to hookworms. So there's a psychologist from Cornell,

782
00:36:23,800 --> 00:36:27,440
Speaker 2: David Pizarro, who studies the notion of disgust. And in

783
00:36:27,440 --> 00:36:29,920
Speaker 2: one of his experiments, he had students fill out a

784
00:36:29,960 --> 00:36:32,960
Speaker 2: survey on their political beliefs, and most of them were

785
00:36:33,000 --> 00:36:35,920
Speaker 2: just filling out surveys in a crowded hallway. But then

786
00:36:36,160 --> 00:36:38,319
Speaker 2: he relocated a few of the groups next to a

787
00:36:38,360 --> 00:36:42,600
Speaker 2: hand sanitizer dispenser, and when he did, those groups reportedly

788
00:36:42,640 --> 00:36:45,960
Speaker 2: came back more conservative. And he found this over and

789
00:36:46,000 --> 00:36:49,080
Speaker 2: over in studies, whether it was signs about washing hands

790
00:36:49,160 --> 00:36:52,960
Speaker 2: or sanitizer or the presence of handwipes. Wherever there was

791
00:36:52,960 --> 00:36:56,120
Speaker 2: a subtle reminder of physical purity. It made a respondent

792
00:36:56,280 --> 00:36:59,640
Speaker 2: more conservative than they might have otherwise been. That's crazy.

793
00:37:00,160 --> 00:37:02,960
Speaker 2: So remember how we inhale fifty to sixty milligrams of

794
00:37:03,000 --> 00:37:03,440
Speaker 2: dirt a day.

795
00:37:03,600 --> 00:37:03,839
Speaker 1: Yep.

796
00:37:03,920 --> 00:37:05,640
Speaker 3: So one of the things I love is that the

797
00:37:06,120 --> 00:37:09,400
Speaker 3: Japanese government has been organizing these things called forest baths,

798
00:37:09,800 --> 00:37:12,360
Speaker 3: that's what they're called. And forest bats are basically guided

799
00:37:12,400 --> 00:37:15,400
Speaker 3: tours on destressing. A guide will teach you how to

800
00:37:15,440 --> 00:37:18,640
Speaker 3: break open a twin of sassafras and inhale and appreciate

801
00:37:18,760 --> 00:37:21,520
Speaker 3: nature and generally be more mindful. And part of it

802
00:37:21,560 --> 00:37:23,640
Speaker 3: is just reminding people how easy it is to get

803
00:37:23,640 --> 00:37:26,040
Speaker 3: in nature preserves. Yeah, but I kind of love this

804
00:37:26,160 --> 00:37:28,480
Speaker 3: idea that if you're going to inhale fifty milligrams of

805
00:37:28,520 --> 00:37:30,799
Speaker 3: dirt a day, let's pick where that dirt's coming from.

806
00:37:30,880 --> 00:37:33,560
Speaker 2: Okay, I like that idea too. I've got another one here.

807
00:37:34,000 --> 00:37:37,160
Speaker 2: IBM processed water. Have you heard of this? So one

808
00:37:37,200 --> 00:37:39,839
Speaker 2: of the weird things is that instead of using solutions

809
00:37:39,840 --> 00:37:43,440
Speaker 2: to clean their chips, IBM actually uses this ultra pure

810
00:37:43,680 --> 00:37:46,759
Speaker 2: water that's what it's called. They process their water so

811
00:37:46,840 --> 00:37:50,200
Speaker 2: many times, over fourteen times, that it has no specs

812
00:37:50,239 --> 00:37:53,399
Speaker 2: of dirt or particles so that it doesn't scratch the chip.

813
00:37:53,880 --> 00:37:56,080
Speaker 2: But the same thing that makes it great for cleaning

814
00:37:56,400 --> 00:37:58,920
Speaker 2: also makes it harmful for the body. So like in

815
00:37:58,920 --> 00:38:02,000
Speaker 2: its truest form, water will leach nutrients toward it from

816
00:38:02,040 --> 00:38:05,840
Speaker 2: other substances. And so even though it's really really ultra pure,

817
00:38:06,320 --> 00:38:09,479
Speaker 2: it's actually too clean to drink. Huh, Like drinking will

818
00:38:09,560 --> 00:38:10,760
Speaker 2: actually hurt your body.

819
00:38:10,800 --> 00:38:11,480
Speaker 1: That's crazy.

820
00:38:12,160 --> 00:38:15,120
Speaker 2: So there's a great Sean Bradley story that I promise relates. Now,

821
00:38:15,120 --> 00:38:16,720
Speaker 2: this is Sean Bradley, the basketball player.

822
00:38:16,840 --> 00:38:18,799
Speaker 3: Yeah, and so the escort I asked him what it

823
00:38:18,840 --> 00:38:21,440
Speaker 3: feels like to be seven foot six, and you just

824
00:38:21,560 --> 00:38:24,200
Speaker 3: generally feel miserable for the guy and his answers, like

825
00:38:24,480 --> 00:38:26,920
Speaker 3: he can't buy normal clothes, he can't buy a regular

826
00:38:26,920 --> 00:38:29,399
Speaker 3: sleeping bag, he can't buy a regular car. I mean,

827
00:38:29,840 --> 00:38:32,960
Speaker 3: you realize this world is not fit for anyone his size.

828
00:38:33,200 --> 00:38:35,560
Speaker 3: But the worst thing he said about being that tall

829
00:38:35,760 --> 00:38:38,680
Speaker 3: is that when you're seven foot six, you're looking down

830
00:38:38,719 --> 00:38:41,960
Speaker 3: on everything and everything is dirty. So you're seeing like

831
00:38:42,000 --> 00:38:45,800
Speaker 3: ceiling fans and tops of fridges and lockers and everything's

832
00:38:45,880 --> 00:38:48,640
Speaker 3: just gross. And as a short dude, that's not something

833
00:38:48,680 --> 00:38:49,760
Speaker 3: i'd really ever think about.

834
00:38:49,960 --> 00:38:52,040
Speaker 2: Oh yeah, I never thought about that at all. That's

835
00:38:52,160 --> 00:38:55,879
Speaker 2: it must be really gross. So all right, pandas, let's

836
00:38:55,880 --> 00:39:00,120
Speaker 2: talk about pandas. So pandas seem completely useless, right, They

837
00:39:00,160 --> 00:39:02,440
Speaker 2: have a bacteria in their stomach that can reduce the

838
00:39:02,520 --> 00:39:06,080
Speaker 2: mass and volume of garbage by ninety percent, which is

839
00:39:06,080 --> 00:39:08,160
Speaker 2: great because anytime you don't want to take your trash out,

840
00:39:08,200 --> 00:39:09,480
Speaker 2: you should be able to rent a pan at a

841
00:39:09,520 --> 00:39:11,959
Speaker 2: squad on your rubber. It feels like another great business idea.

842
00:39:12,080 --> 00:39:12,640
Speaker 1: I like it.

843
00:39:13,120 --> 00:39:15,920
Speaker 3: So, speaking of what's too clean, the Mona Lisa has

844
00:39:15,920 --> 00:39:18,120
Speaker 3: actually been cleaned too often. And you know, when you

845
00:39:18,160 --> 00:39:21,080
Speaker 3: picture the Mona Lisa, you might remember she has almost

846
00:39:21,239 --> 00:39:25,600
Speaker 3: non existent eyebrows and super light lashes. But that wasn't

847
00:39:25,600 --> 00:39:28,480
Speaker 3: always the case, like she used to have thick brows,

848
00:39:29,000 --> 00:39:32,040
Speaker 3: and art analysis actually showed that all that hair got

849
00:39:32,080 --> 00:39:34,839
Speaker 3: thinned and trimmed over the years because the painting's been

850
00:39:34,880 --> 00:39:35,640
Speaker 3: cleaned too much.

851
00:39:35,960 --> 00:39:37,440
Speaker 1: Okay, all right, that's a good one.

852
00:39:37,480 --> 00:39:39,080
Speaker 2: I'm going to give it to you win the battle

853
00:39:39,120 --> 00:39:41,400
Speaker 2: this time, but I'll be back with some wild tangents

854
00:39:41,600 --> 00:39:44,480
Speaker 2: next time. That's it for today's part time genius. Thanks

855
00:39:44,480 --> 00:39:59,560
Speaker 2: so much for listening. Thanks again for.

856
00:39:59,520 --> 00:40:00,720
Speaker 1: Listening to Part Time Genius.

857
00:40:00,800 --> 00:40:03,000
Speaker 2: Be sure to subscribe wherever you listen to your podcast,

858
00:40:03,160 --> 00:40:05,120
Speaker 2: and because we're a brand new show, if you're feeling

859
00:40:05,160 --> 00:40:07,360
Speaker 2: extra generous, we'd love it if you give us a rating.

860
00:40:07,200 --> 00:40:08,319
Speaker 1: On Apple Podcasts.

861
00:40:08,680 --> 00:40:11,440
Speaker 2: Part Time Genius is produced by some of our favorite geniuses.

862
00:40:11,560 --> 00:40:14,319
Speaker 2: It's edited by Tristan McNeil, theme song and audio mixing

863
00:40:14,360 --> 00:40:17,640
Speaker 2: by Noel Brown. Our executive producer is Jerry Rowland. Our

864
00:40:17,680 --> 00:40:21,200
Speaker 2: research team is Gabeluzier, Lucas Adams, Autumn white Field Madrano,

865
00:40:21,360 --> 00:40:40,120
Speaker 2: Austin Thompson, and Meg Robbins. Jason Hoak is our chief cheerleader.