1 00:00:07,280 --> 00:00:10,760 Speaker 1: Welcome to Creature future production of iHeartRadio. I'm your host 2 00:00:10,800 --> 00:00:15,880 Speaker 1: of Many Parasites, Katie Golden. I studied psychology and evolutionary biology, 3 00:00:15,920 --> 00:00:19,239 Speaker 1: and today on the show, we're talking about Weird Little Guys, 4 00:00:19,840 --> 00:00:22,680 Speaker 1: animals that are a wee bit freaky and also a 5 00:00:22,720 --> 00:00:26,920 Speaker 1: bit we We're going to get progressively littler and weirder 6 00:00:26,960 --> 00:00:30,160 Speaker 1: as we go on, from a cryptid that is essentially 7 00:00:30,200 --> 00:00:34,600 Speaker 1: a tiny sandworm from Dune to an even smaller animal 8 00:00:34,640 --> 00:00:38,800 Speaker 1: that likes to get ahead of home security. These animals 9 00:00:38,880 --> 00:00:43,159 Speaker 1: have disvised some odd evolutionary strategies, and of course, our 10 00:00:43,280 --> 00:00:46,080 Speaker 1: last weird Little Guy is one of the tiniest, most 11 00:00:46,159 --> 00:00:49,920 Speaker 1: maniacal mass murderers on the planet. Discover this and more 12 00:00:50,000 --> 00:00:52,960 Speaker 1: as we answer the age old question why do so 13 00:00:53,080 --> 00:00:56,720 Speaker 1: many snails get turned into murder raves against their will? 14 00:00:57,400 --> 00:01:00,880 Speaker 1: Joining me today as host of the podcast Weird Little Guys. 15 00:01:01,360 --> 00:01:06,520 Speaker 1: Mother to my two favorite we influencers, Internet's Belunker Molly. 16 00:01:06,400 --> 00:01:09,880 Speaker 2: Kunger, Welcome, Hey Katie, thanks for having me. 17 00:01:10,520 --> 00:01:12,360 Speaker 1: I'm so excited to have you because I have been 18 00:01:12,400 --> 00:01:17,040 Speaker 1: following you and your two little weenies Bucan Auto for 19 00:01:17,080 --> 00:01:20,480 Speaker 1: a long time and it's very cool to talk to you. 20 00:01:21,200 --> 00:01:24,600 Speaker 1: Uh and I I do hope that maybe the boys 21 00:01:24,720 --> 00:01:28,720 Speaker 1: will come and give a statement about snacks they have 22 00:01:28,840 --> 00:01:30,360 Speaker 1: they have been exiled. 23 00:01:30,440 --> 00:01:34,520 Speaker 2: They really want to podcast, But the producer complains the producer, 24 00:01:34,680 --> 00:01:37,480 Speaker 2: I see, yeah, no, I'm I'm super excited to be 25 00:01:37,560 --> 00:01:39,520 Speaker 2: on IM was telling you the other day, like I 26 00:01:39,600 --> 00:01:42,360 Speaker 2: have been the secret third guest on every episode of 27 00:01:42,360 --> 00:01:44,600 Speaker 2: this show for six years. You guys just can't hear me. 28 00:01:46,000 --> 00:01:48,640 Speaker 1: Uh so that's what that that whispering was in my head. 29 00:01:48,680 --> 00:01:52,920 Speaker 1: Good to know. I'm I'm fine and I'm normal. Yeah, no, 30 00:01:53,000 --> 00:01:57,000 Speaker 1: but I'm I'm really excited. So your podcast is sadly, 31 00:01:57,040 --> 00:02:01,240 Speaker 1: it's not about cool animals. It's about not very cool people, 32 00:02:03,000 --> 00:02:08,560 Speaker 1: right wing extremists who are weird little guys. And so 33 00:02:09,040 --> 00:02:12,880 Speaker 1: you know, in a way though, like examining a person 34 00:02:13,080 --> 00:02:17,120 Speaker 1: is similar to looking at evolutionary biology because you have 35 00:02:17,200 --> 00:02:22,200 Speaker 1: to dig in to human behaviors that are kind of 36 00:02:22,240 --> 00:02:24,079 Speaker 1: strange and sometimes destructive. 37 00:02:25,840 --> 00:02:27,960 Speaker 2: Yeah, you know it's your show is about weird little 38 00:02:27,960 --> 00:02:30,440 Speaker 2: guys too, Except for you it's like a cool bug, 39 00:02:30,560 --> 00:02:32,720 Speaker 2: and for me it's like a guy who has a 40 00:02:32,760 --> 00:02:34,800 Speaker 2: framed picture of Hitler on his bedside table. 41 00:02:34,960 --> 00:02:37,320 Speaker 1: Yeah, you're like, yeah, same set. 42 00:02:37,120 --> 00:02:39,720 Speaker 2: Of terminology, very different application. 43 00:02:39,800 --> 00:02:43,880 Speaker 1: Right exactly Like I I it does seem like there 44 00:02:43,880 --> 00:02:47,840 Speaker 1: are fewer Hitler adjacent animals. So yeah, we're going to 45 00:02:47,919 --> 00:02:51,760 Speaker 1: talk about these guys, and the criteria is they have 46 00:02:51,840 --> 00:02:54,320 Speaker 1: to be small and they have to be super weird. 47 00:02:55,000 --> 00:02:58,639 Speaker 1: And we're going to go from big and not well 48 00:02:58,680 --> 00:03:00,600 Speaker 1: I guess not big, but like the big guest one 49 00:03:01,040 --> 00:03:03,960 Speaker 1: and also in my opinion, the least weird one to 50 00:03:04,240 --> 00:03:08,280 Speaker 1: the smallest and the incredibly most weird one. And so 51 00:03:09,200 --> 00:03:13,800 Speaker 1: our first one is the marsupial moles, which I mean 52 00:03:14,160 --> 00:03:17,400 Speaker 1: they are I think, very strange but also adorable in 53 00:03:17,440 --> 00:03:17,800 Speaker 1: a way. 54 00:03:19,320 --> 00:03:22,520 Speaker 2: Okay, I'm looking at this guy and at first look 55 00:03:22,639 --> 00:03:24,440 Speaker 2: the first picture, it kind of looks like he's got 56 00:03:24,480 --> 00:03:26,960 Speaker 2: a little hamster maybe in his hands. But then you 57 00:03:27,040 --> 00:03:28,919 Speaker 2: see his face. Then you see his face and that 58 00:03:28,960 --> 00:03:29,840 Speaker 2: it's not a hamster. 59 00:03:30,680 --> 00:03:33,720 Speaker 1: No, it doesn't mean it's like the face is very 60 00:03:33,760 --> 00:03:37,480 Speaker 1: strange because it doesn't quite it's hard to tell its 61 00:03:37,520 --> 00:03:40,640 Speaker 1: face from its butt. First of all, Like you look 62 00:03:40,680 --> 00:03:45,520 Speaker 1: at my face, well, the one where he's you see 63 00:03:45,520 --> 00:03:48,200 Speaker 1: the little claws and it's looking at you, that is 64 00:03:48,240 --> 00:03:52,320 Speaker 1: definitely the face. Yes, where it's in the guy's hands. 65 00:03:52,520 --> 00:03:54,240 Speaker 1: And then you see something that kind of looks like 66 00:03:54,280 --> 00:03:59,400 Speaker 1: a nose. That's actually the butt. Oh that's the tail. Yeah. No, see, 67 00:03:59,440 --> 00:04:01,200 Speaker 1: I first that it is like that looks like a 68 00:04:01,200 --> 00:04:04,000 Speaker 1: little face, but that is actually the butt. And then 69 00:04:04,000 --> 00:04:06,000 Speaker 1: sometimes when you look at the face, you think that 70 00:04:06,000 --> 00:04:08,920 Speaker 1: that might be the butt because you can't see any eyes. 71 00:04:09,400 --> 00:04:11,560 Speaker 1: And the reason you can't see any eyes is because 72 00:04:11,600 --> 00:04:14,920 Speaker 1: there aren't really any eyes. All right. These guys are 73 00:04:15,320 --> 00:04:18,920 Speaker 1: despite being called marsupial moles, they are not moles. They're 74 00:04:18,960 --> 00:04:24,279 Speaker 1: not true moles. They're found in desert regions of Australia, 75 00:04:24,320 --> 00:04:28,520 Speaker 1: and they do look like gold colored moles, but they're not. 76 00:04:29,000 --> 00:04:31,599 Speaker 1: And they're also not to be confused with the species 77 00:04:31,720 --> 00:04:35,279 Speaker 1: the golden mole, which is also not a mole and 78 00:04:35,440 --> 00:04:40,600 Speaker 1: is found in Africa, not Australia. So there's moles which 79 00:04:40,640 --> 00:04:44,360 Speaker 1: are just moles. Then there's the golden mole, which is 80 00:04:44,400 --> 00:04:47,080 Speaker 1: not a mole, but it's found in Africa, and then 81 00:04:47,120 --> 00:04:50,840 Speaker 1: there's the marsupial mole, which is found in Australia, which 82 00:04:50,880 --> 00:04:53,280 Speaker 1: is not a mole, but it is a marsupial. 83 00:04:53,960 --> 00:04:55,560 Speaker 2: You know, usually if I'm not sure if something is 84 00:04:55,560 --> 00:04:57,720 Speaker 2: a mole. I'll try to see a dermatologist, but. 85 00:04:57,960 --> 00:04:58,320 Speaker 3: This is. 86 00:05:00,120 --> 00:05:04,200 Speaker 1: You either have to see a dermatologist or an evolutionary biologist. 87 00:05:04,240 --> 00:05:08,479 Speaker 1: And it's very important to figure out which. I can't 88 00:05:08,480 --> 00:05:10,200 Speaker 1: get over the fact of the butt and the face. 89 00:05:11,279 --> 00:05:14,359 Speaker 1: It's very it's very hard to determine the butt in 90 00:05:14,360 --> 00:05:15,920 Speaker 1: the face from each other. 91 00:05:16,120 --> 00:05:18,520 Speaker 2: Because I guess, so that's the anus, but those look 92 00:05:18,600 --> 00:05:19,440 Speaker 2: like nostrils to me. 93 00:05:20,080 --> 00:05:22,680 Speaker 1: I don't know which picture the first. Okay, so the 94 00:05:22,720 --> 00:05:25,239 Speaker 1: first image of the of the guy with his hands 95 00:05:25,279 --> 00:05:28,400 Speaker 1: out is holding a little guy, uh, and it has 96 00:05:28,520 --> 00:05:30,800 Speaker 1: like part of it that has like a little fleshy nub. 97 00:05:30,920 --> 00:05:35,200 Speaker 1: That is the butt. Everything else everything else is the face. 98 00:05:35,640 --> 00:05:38,400 Speaker 2: Oh that is the face. Okay, yes, okay, So those 99 00:05:38,400 --> 00:05:39,200 Speaker 2: are nostrils. 100 00:05:39,360 --> 00:05:44,159 Speaker 1: Those are nostrils. And I look. 101 00:05:44,040 --> 00:05:47,160 Speaker 2: To be fair to him. Beautiful golden color. This sort 102 00:05:47,200 --> 00:05:52,680 Speaker 2: of like strawberry blonde, sun kissed likes to my hairstylist. 103 00:05:53,080 --> 00:05:55,400 Speaker 1: Yeah, this is the color that like I want for 104 00:05:55,520 --> 00:06:01,359 Speaker 1: my hair. And yet his face is just so off putting, 105 00:06:01,480 --> 00:06:05,600 Speaker 1: so like they live all of their lives underground, and 106 00:06:05,800 --> 00:06:09,280 Speaker 1: so they don't really need eyes anymore, so their eyes 107 00:06:09,279 --> 00:06:13,920 Speaker 1: are entirely covered by skin. And only this like vestigial 108 00:06:14,240 --> 00:06:18,680 Speaker 1: lens remains under the skin, and their ears are basically 109 00:06:18,760 --> 00:06:21,880 Speaker 1: just these two little pinholes. And so sometimes when you 110 00:06:21,920 --> 00:06:25,360 Speaker 1: look at it, I think it looks like you might 111 00:06:25,400 --> 00:06:27,280 Speaker 1: be able to see like its eyes, and those are 112 00:06:27,320 --> 00:06:30,880 Speaker 1: probably actually the ears. So like you see a couple 113 00:06:30,920 --> 00:06:33,760 Speaker 1: of little like weird dots, it's like, oh, are those eyeballs, 114 00:06:33,800 --> 00:06:35,559 Speaker 1: It's like that might just be ear holes. 115 00:06:37,360 --> 00:06:40,159 Speaker 2: And so their vestigial eyes still sense like light and 116 00:06:40,240 --> 00:06:41,599 Speaker 2: dark or just nothing. 117 00:06:42,240 --> 00:06:45,599 Speaker 1: It doesn't seem like they really do much of anything. Also, 118 00:06:45,640 --> 00:06:49,120 Speaker 1: we don't know a lot about them because we rarely, 119 00:06:49,240 --> 00:06:53,560 Speaker 1: if ever get to like study them and look at them, 120 00:06:53,560 --> 00:06:57,160 Speaker 1: because they are incredible. They are like very cryptic, very 121 00:06:57,279 --> 00:07:02,240 Speaker 1: very difficult to spot because the shy they're very shy. 122 00:07:02,440 --> 00:07:06,080 Speaker 1: So there's actually two species of marsupial mole, the southern 123 00:07:06,120 --> 00:07:10,280 Speaker 1: marsupial mole called the it's jarret jari and the northern 124 00:07:10,320 --> 00:07:15,480 Speaker 1: marsupial mole called the kekara tool. I pronounce that like 125 00:07:15,520 --> 00:07:19,720 Speaker 1: I have potatoes in my mouth. But they are they 126 00:07:19,760 --> 00:07:23,880 Speaker 1: are marsupials and they're found only in Australia. Yeah, but 127 00:07:23,920 --> 00:07:26,680 Speaker 1: they are one of the most difficult to photograph and 128 00:07:26,720 --> 00:07:33,760 Speaker 1: to document marsupials. They are incredibly reclusive, and so they 129 00:07:33,800 --> 00:07:38,600 Speaker 1: also don't create their own burrows. They use the burrows 130 00:07:39,560 --> 00:07:42,080 Speaker 1: or sorry, they don't create their own burrows. They actually 131 00:07:42,160 --> 00:07:45,480 Speaker 1: swim under the earth, so they don't create like a 132 00:07:45,480 --> 00:07:50,920 Speaker 1: permanent burrow. They dig in this like sandy soil and 133 00:07:50,960 --> 00:07:53,640 Speaker 1: then like behind them, the soil just like closes in 134 00:07:53,680 --> 00:07:55,960 Speaker 1: after them. So that's another reason they're really hard to 135 00:07:56,000 --> 00:07:59,080 Speaker 1: document is that there's not like a burrow you can find, like, hey, 136 00:07:59,120 --> 00:08:01,480 Speaker 1: this is a Mars supial mole burrow, we know to 137 00:08:01,520 --> 00:08:04,520 Speaker 1: hang out here to see one pop out. They just 138 00:08:04,600 --> 00:08:07,840 Speaker 1: leave no trace, and they swim through the sand, you know, 139 00:08:08,120 --> 00:08:09,480 Speaker 1: like those guys from Dune. 140 00:08:10,520 --> 00:08:12,360 Speaker 2: How do they breathe? 141 00:08:12,560 --> 00:08:17,280 Speaker 1: So they are specifically designed such that they can essentially 142 00:08:17,440 --> 00:08:20,840 Speaker 1: have enough space to like they create like a little 143 00:08:20,880 --> 00:08:24,480 Speaker 1: pocket in front of them. And they're because they're loose, yeah, exactly, 144 00:08:24,520 --> 00:08:27,040 Speaker 1: with their with their little claws, they can create like 145 00:08:27,080 --> 00:08:29,320 Speaker 1: a little pocket in front of them, or they can breathe. Also, 146 00:08:29,360 --> 00:08:34,080 Speaker 1: it's very very sandy, so air basically can disseminate through 147 00:08:34,240 --> 00:08:38,880 Speaker 1: the sand. And they are also like that's why their 148 00:08:39,000 --> 00:08:42,040 Speaker 1: eyes are covered in skin. Otherwise they just be getting 149 00:08:42,080 --> 00:08:43,600 Speaker 1: sand in their eyes all the time, and they don't 150 00:08:43,600 --> 00:08:46,760 Speaker 1: really need their eyes in the situation. They probably use 151 00:08:46,800 --> 00:08:49,920 Speaker 1: their sense of smell and sense of feel to identify 152 00:08:50,000 --> 00:08:53,840 Speaker 1: and locate prey and to move around. And they their 153 00:08:53,880 --> 00:08:56,400 Speaker 1: ears again like also, because their ears are so flat, 154 00:08:56,520 --> 00:08:59,120 Speaker 1: just these tiny pinholes, they can they probably use their 155 00:08:59,160 --> 00:09:03,760 Speaker 1: ears as the sensory organs, but they are small enough 156 00:09:03,800 --> 00:09:08,080 Speaker 1: such that sand doesn't get in them. Also, I mentioned 157 00:09:08,080 --> 00:09:11,440 Speaker 1: they are marsupials, and so they do have a pouch. 158 00:09:11,920 --> 00:09:13,599 Speaker 1: But the pouch, you know how like the pouch of 159 00:09:13,640 --> 00:09:15,600 Speaker 1: a kangaroo. It's sort of like facing up like a 160 00:09:15,640 --> 00:09:20,000 Speaker 1: little pocket. Oh, they gotta put their bases, they do exactly. 161 00:09:20,120 --> 00:09:23,240 Speaker 1: It's backwards because if they move forward, like imagine if 162 00:09:23,280 --> 00:09:25,720 Speaker 1: you have like a kangaroo pocket and you're moving through 163 00:09:25,720 --> 00:09:29,000 Speaker 1: the sand, you're just collecting sand in your pocket, and 164 00:09:29,080 --> 00:09:31,840 Speaker 1: that's not gonna be good for your tiny little babies 165 00:09:31,840 --> 00:09:36,880 Speaker 1: in there. So there's this backwards and so which works 166 00:09:36,920 --> 00:09:40,079 Speaker 1: out great for the little tiny Joey's that will crawl 167 00:09:40,200 --> 00:09:43,760 Speaker 1: up into the pocket. And they have two teets in there, 168 00:09:43,840 --> 00:09:47,880 Speaker 1: so they can support two little Joey's inside of this 169 00:09:47,960 --> 00:09:48,760 Speaker 1: pouch at once. 170 00:09:48,760 --> 00:09:51,200 Speaker 2: It's god, how big are they? They got to be 171 00:09:51,240 --> 00:09:52,800 Speaker 2: like the size of like my pinky nail. 172 00:09:53,200 --> 00:09:56,440 Speaker 1: They're like they're probably the size of rice when they 173 00:09:56,480 --> 00:09:59,120 Speaker 1: come out. I don't you know, they are tiny. They've 174 00:09:59,160 --> 00:10:01,199 Speaker 1: got to be tiny, gotta be teeny teeny town. 175 00:10:01,320 --> 00:10:02,080 Speaker 2: That's a tiny guy. 176 00:10:02,760 --> 00:10:04,920 Speaker 1: Yeah, it's a tiny guy. They got there probably just 177 00:10:05,000 --> 00:10:09,800 Speaker 1: look like little pitty bitty maggots. Like honestly, it's imagining 178 00:10:09,880 --> 00:10:14,000 Speaker 1: a mammal being that small. Yeah. Right, It's like it's weird. 179 00:10:14,080 --> 00:10:15,040 Speaker 2: That's bug size. 180 00:10:15,080 --> 00:10:18,200 Speaker 1: Bugs are that big. Yeah. But it's like it's in 181 00:10:18,240 --> 00:10:20,200 Speaker 1: a way you can think about these things. It's like 182 00:10:20,320 --> 00:10:24,600 Speaker 1: almost kind of like weird mobile fetuses because like they've 183 00:10:24,720 --> 00:10:28,679 Speaker 1: finished their development inside the pouch, so they it's a say, 184 00:10:28,760 --> 00:10:32,160 Speaker 1: it's a similar situation with say, like any other marsupial. Right, 185 00:10:32,200 --> 00:10:36,520 Speaker 1: you have this underdeveloped baby that comes out and it's tiny, 186 00:10:36,679 --> 00:10:40,079 Speaker 1: very very very tiny, can't really do much. The only 187 00:10:40,120 --> 00:10:42,320 Speaker 1: thing it can do is it has this instinct to 188 00:10:42,400 --> 00:10:45,040 Speaker 1: crawl until it reaches a teat and it makes this 189 00:10:45,160 --> 00:10:50,840 Speaker 1: incredible journey from the vagina to the pouch. And but 190 00:10:50,920 --> 00:10:53,640 Speaker 1: it's just like this little tiny flesh jelly bean that 191 00:10:53,880 --> 00:10:57,800 Speaker 1: like that's all I can do, yees, I mean, and 192 00:10:57,840 --> 00:11:00,280 Speaker 1: it's like like with little tiny limbs, and then it 193 00:11:00,320 --> 00:11:03,320 Speaker 1: will like inside the pouch, that's where it develops and 194 00:11:03,400 --> 00:11:06,880 Speaker 1: gets bigger. It actually develops like features that are recognizable 195 00:11:06,920 --> 00:11:09,840 Speaker 1: as something other than this, like weird little flesh bean. 196 00:11:11,360 --> 00:11:13,040 Speaker 2: And I guess it's you know, it's day to day. 197 00:11:13,040 --> 00:11:16,559 Speaker 2: Doesn't really change after that, it's just blind and digging'. 198 00:11:16,480 --> 00:11:19,440 Speaker 1: Just yeah exactly. I mean. The thing is this is 199 00:11:19,480 --> 00:11:24,040 Speaker 1: that these marsupial malls life is just like digging. And 200 00:11:24,120 --> 00:11:26,680 Speaker 1: at first it's digging and looking for a teat, and 201 00:11:26,720 --> 00:11:31,240 Speaker 1: then it's digging and looking for bugs, uh and lizards 202 00:11:31,280 --> 00:11:34,080 Speaker 1: and things. And yeah, they I mean they appear to 203 00:11:34,080 --> 00:11:38,400 Speaker 1: be pretty like adept predators. Like in the very few 204 00:11:38,920 --> 00:11:41,760 Speaker 1: photographs of them, we have seen them being able to 205 00:11:41,840 --> 00:11:48,280 Speaker 1: chow down on lizards, on centipedes, so it probably is 206 00:11:48,720 --> 00:11:51,840 Speaker 1: a good hunter. It seems again like these are very 207 00:11:51,960 --> 00:11:56,719 Speaker 1: understudied because of how difficult they are to document. 208 00:11:57,240 --> 00:11:59,640 Speaker 2: Yeah, this picture of him chowing down on a lizard, 209 00:11:59,720 --> 00:12:02,000 Speaker 2: like if you just showed me that one without the 210 00:12:02,000 --> 00:12:04,360 Speaker 2: one where he looks like a little hamster, and then yeah, 211 00:12:04,400 --> 00:12:05,520 Speaker 2: the one where it looks a little bit more like 212 00:12:05,559 --> 00:12:07,920 Speaker 2: a If I just saw this picture, I don't think 213 00:12:07,960 --> 00:12:12,160 Speaker 2: I could fathom what I'm looking at because it's he's 214 00:12:12,200 --> 00:12:14,600 Speaker 2: sort of hunched over, folded in half, and you see 215 00:12:14,600 --> 00:12:18,200 Speaker 2: his non face, and the lizard is halfway inside of him, 216 00:12:18,520 --> 00:12:20,880 Speaker 2: and he's gripping the back half of the lizard with 217 00:12:20,960 --> 00:12:22,920 Speaker 2: what look like crab claws. 218 00:12:23,520 --> 00:12:26,640 Speaker 1: Right, this almost looks like sort of a like some 219 00:12:26,720 --> 00:12:30,400 Speaker 1: kind of weird ocean creature, right, like, right, a fuzzy crab, 220 00:12:30,440 --> 00:12:33,840 Speaker 1: which there are furry crabs, by the way, so I 221 00:12:33,880 --> 00:12:36,200 Speaker 1: wouldn't judge you for thinking this is a furry crab. 222 00:12:38,480 --> 00:12:41,920 Speaker 1: But yeah, it has these two claws, right, these two 223 00:12:42,000 --> 00:12:45,040 Speaker 1: large claws. It has other fingers, but the two ones 224 00:12:45,080 --> 00:12:47,160 Speaker 1: that you can see are the large ones that it 225 00:12:47,280 --> 00:12:50,800 Speaker 1: uses for digging. And that its nose is kind of 226 00:12:50,840 --> 00:12:55,160 Speaker 1: weird because its nose is reinforced with this leathery thick 227 00:12:55,240 --> 00:12:58,040 Speaker 1: skin on the top of its head, so kind of. 228 00:12:57,960 --> 00:12:59,800 Speaker 2: Like you have armadilla in the nose. 229 00:13:00,360 --> 00:13:02,959 Speaker 1: Yeah, it's kind of like a cling on situation, in 230 00:13:03,120 --> 00:13:07,200 Speaker 1: armadillo situation. And then again, no visible eyes. The eyes 231 00:13:07,200 --> 00:13:10,199 Speaker 1: are covered in skin, and the ears there's no external 232 00:13:10,360 --> 00:13:13,040 Speaker 1: ears like humans, you know, we have an external ear. 233 00:13:13,880 --> 00:13:16,680 Speaker 1: Birds don't have that external ear, so they just have 234 00:13:16,720 --> 00:13:19,120 Speaker 1: the ear holes, and so it's the same thing with these. 235 00:13:19,160 --> 00:13:21,120 Speaker 1: They don't have any external ears, they just have the 236 00:13:21,160 --> 00:13:21,600 Speaker 1: ear hole. 237 00:13:21,960 --> 00:13:25,480 Speaker 2: Yeah, this looks like if you if like the sort 238 00:13:25,520 --> 00:13:28,480 Speaker 2: of sentient AI that makes those like weird Jesus pictures 239 00:13:28,480 --> 00:13:31,559 Speaker 2: on Facebook, if it were to create like a marmaset 240 00:13:31,679 --> 00:13:32,480 Speaker 2: hermit crab. 241 00:13:33,320 --> 00:13:37,240 Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, just like this does seem like if you 242 00:13:37,320 --> 00:13:41,400 Speaker 1: gave the AI the prompt, like you know, crab hamster, 243 00:13:42,000 --> 00:13:46,200 Speaker 1: and then also it was like click, like if this 244 00:13:46,360 --> 00:13:48,040 Speaker 1: image means something to you. 245 00:13:48,280 --> 00:13:50,720 Speaker 2: It's that lizard's birthday and no one, no one wished 246 00:13:50,760 --> 00:13:51,640 Speaker 2: him happy birthday. 247 00:13:52,520 --> 00:13:55,280 Speaker 1: Mm hmmm. And yeah, and I mean it fits right. 248 00:13:55,320 --> 00:13:59,800 Speaker 1: The hands are weird. It's got weird hands, not enough fingers. Yeah, well, 249 00:14:00,000 --> 00:14:02,640 Speaker 1: I love it. I am. I feel like I need 250 00:14:02,679 --> 00:14:06,080 Speaker 1: to do It's kind of hard in podcast form because 251 00:14:06,080 --> 00:14:08,200 Speaker 1: it's so visual, but I need to do something about 252 00:14:08,240 --> 00:14:11,600 Speaker 1: like all of the weird AI generated animals where it's like, 253 00:14:11,640 --> 00:14:14,079 Speaker 1: look at this real animal and then it's like a 254 00:14:14,080 --> 00:14:19,600 Speaker 1: bird with like feet and or yeah it's like, well 255 00:14:19,880 --> 00:14:23,520 Speaker 1: no that's not that's not what that is. But I 256 00:14:23,520 --> 00:14:25,800 Speaker 1: feel like it's gonna get harder and harder, right because 257 00:14:25,800 --> 00:14:28,560 Speaker 1: there are there are indeed like there, I think that 258 00:14:28,760 --> 00:14:31,760 Speaker 1: there are animals out there that are so weird. It's 259 00:14:31,760 --> 00:14:34,800 Speaker 1: still something that is weirder than what AI could come 260 00:14:34,880 --> 00:14:35,360 Speaker 1: up with. 261 00:14:36,000 --> 00:14:37,680 Speaker 2: Right, Like, there's so many weird animals out there. You 262 00:14:37,720 --> 00:14:39,840 Speaker 2: don't need to make up fake ones. There's real ones. 263 00:14:40,400 --> 00:14:41,920 Speaker 2: There's real ones that you're not going to believe. 264 00:14:42,440 --> 00:14:44,440 Speaker 1: But how am I going to trick your aunt into 265 00:14:44,840 --> 00:14:47,680 Speaker 1: reposting my my thing on Facebook? 266 00:14:48,960 --> 00:14:51,400 Speaker 2: Like and share if you want to like it your birthday? 267 00:14:52,000 --> 00:14:56,120 Speaker 1: Look at this army person coming home from the war, 268 00:14:56,800 --> 00:14:59,920 Speaker 1: like in Share, and it's just a marsupial mole dress 269 00:15:00,080 --> 00:15:00,760 Speaker 1: and fatigues. 270 00:15:02,040 --> 00:15:03,560 Speaker 2: You know, I think he would look good in camo. 271 00:15:04,240 --> 00:15:08,080 Speaker 1: He would. He's naturally camouflage because of that golden color 272 00:15:08,480 --> 00:15:11,240 Speaker 1: of dirt. Yeah, with the red sand, it's like this 273 00:15:11,280 --> 00:15:13,520 Speaker 1: sort of reddish sand. So there's already a bit of 274 00:15:13,560 --> 00:15:14,440 Speaker 1: camouflage there. 275 00:15:14,680 --> 00:15:16,720 Speaker 2: But you know, people say redheads shouldn't wear green. I 276 00:15:16,720 --> 00:15:19,480 Speaker 2: think that's nonsense. I think he would be great in olive. 277 00:15:20,000 --> 00:15:23,280 Speaker 1: I so I am a somewhat redhead and I wear 278 00:15:23,320 --> 00:15:27,840 Speaker 1: green all the time, So I don't I don't agree 279 00:15:27,880 --> 00:15:28,200 Speaker 1: with that. 280 00:15:28,320 --> 00:15:30,840 Speaker 2: And I don't subscribe to that, right, I don't. 281 00:15:30,880 --> 00:15:35,320 Speaker 1: I don't, That's not my religion. But like, yeah, me 282 00:15:35,400 --> 00:15:39,120 Speaker 1: and him are gonna definitely be fashion tip sharing because 283 00:15:39,120 --> 00:15:41,760 Speaker 1: I think our coloring is quite similar. And also you 284 00:15:41,760 --> 00:15:44,000 Speaker 1: know the fact that I don't have external ears and 285 00:15:44,040 --> 00:15:45,560 Speaker 1: my eyes are covered in skin. 286 00:15:46,360 --> 00:15:48,160 Speaker 2: Yeah, those headphones are just attached to nothing. 287 00:15:49,600 --> 00:15:53,200 Speaker 1: They're just going right in the holes, straight into the holes. 288 00:15:55,280 --> 00:15:59,080 Speaker 1: So uh yeah, So these guys are are very weird 289 00:15:59,120 --> 00:16:02,120 Speaker 1: and they all so we can't like, yes, they are 290 00:16:02,200 --> 00:16:04,760 Speaker 1: very difficult to document in the wild, So some people 291 00:16:04,800 --> 00:16:06,920 Speaker 1: might wonder, well, why don't we just like catch a 292 00:16:06,960 --> 00:16:09,360 Speaker 1: couple of them and then like breed them so that 293 00:16:09,400 --> 00:16:11,800 Speaker 1: we can observe them in captivity or maybe have them 294 00:16:11,840 --> 00:16:14,520 Speaker 1: as cool pets, because look at how the cute they are. 295 00:16:14,920 --> 00:16:19,960 Speaker 1: They are. They have some very specific like survival requirements, 296 00:16:20,000 --> 00:16:23,080 Speaker 1: and so they have never been successfully kept in captivity 297 00:16:23,120 --> 00:16:26,560 Speaker 1: for more than a month before they die, and so 298 00:16:27,000 --> 00:16:30,200 Speaker 1: they do not they don't work in captivity, which I 299 00:16:30,200 --> 00:16:34,320 Speaker 1: think it's both sad but also adds to their allure, 300 00:16:34,360 --> 00:16:39,480 Speaker 1: like they will choose death over being captured. It's not 301 00:16:39,520 --> 00:16:41,880 Speaker 1: really them choosing death. What it is is probably their 302 00:16:41,920 --> 00:16:46,480 Speaker 1: diet and their temperature needs and stuff are probably extremely narrow, 303 00:16:46,840 --> 00:16:50,680 Speaker 1: Like they probably have a very very specific ecological niche, 304 00:16:50,720 --> 00:16:55,200 Speaker 1: and so trying to recreate that in an artificial environment 305 00:16:55,360 --> 00:16:57,920 Speaker 1: is just really really difficult, and we've never been able 306 00:16:57,920 --> 00:16:58,360 Speaker 1: to do it. 307 00:16:59,720 --> 00:17:02,440 Speaker 2: But don't really know exactly what it is, the missing 308 00:17:02,560 --> 00:17:04,240 Speaker 2: ingredient is exactly. 309 00:17:04,400 --> 00:17:07,640 Speaker 1: We're not exactly sure. I would assume that they have 310 00:17:07,920 --> 00:17:12,200 Speaker 1: probably like because they're small, this would be my guess 311 00:17:12,920 --> 00:17:16,320 Speaker 1: from that, I'm sighting my butt. My butt is the 312 00:17:16,320 --> 00:17:19,800 Speaker 1: citation here. But because they're quite small, I imagine their 313 00:17:19,800 --> 00:17:23,399 Speaker 1: metabolism is pretty demanding. You know. Also with all that 314 00:17:23,440 --> 00:17:26,200 Speaker 1: digging through the sand, you know, they probably have quite 315 00:17:26,240 --> 00:17:30,119 Speaker 1: a rapid metabolism, and they probably have to eat a lot, 316 00:17:30,359 --> 00:17:32,640 Speaker 1: and they probably have to eat a lot of various 317 00:17:32,800 --> 00:17:37,679 Speaker 1: prey items with like a very specific nutrition profile and so. 318 00:17:38,280 --> 00:17:41,640 Speaker 1: And also because these are desert animals, they probably have 319 00:17:42,280 --> 00:17:47,119 Speaker 1: a very specific temperature kind of like regulatory systems in 320 00:17:47,200 --> 00:17:50,280 Speaker 1: terms of like you know, they they stay in the sand, 321 00:17:51,119 --> 00:17:55,760 Speaker 1: and you know, these desert environments, like they probably have 322 00:17:55,880 --> 00:17:58,680 Speaker 1: like these the specific temperature range that they can tolerate 323 00:17:59,400 --> 00:18:01,959 Speaker 1: inside of the sand in this desert and so if 324 00:18:02,000 --> 00:18:04,359 Speaker 1: you take them out of that environment, and also you 325 00:18:04,480 --> 00:18:11,639 Speaker 1: aren't providing them with the exact like mixture of you know, arthropods, lizards, 326 00:18:11,920 --> 00:18:15,080 Speaker 1: whatever else they're eating, who knows. Yeah, I can see 327 00:18:15,080 --> 00:18:16,199 Speaker 1: why they wouldn't survive that. 328 00:18:17,640 --> 00:18:19,200 Speaker 2: I think he just wants to be left alone. 329 00:18:19,640 --> 00:18:22,680 Speaker 1: Yeah, you know what. They just want to swim around 330 00:18:22,720 --> 00:18:25,840 Speaker 1: in dirt and eat lizards. And I get it. 331 00:18:26,840 --> 00:18:27,560 Speaker 2: He's free. 332 00:18:28,160 --> 00:18:32,000 Speaker 1: He's free and also kind of looks like Millhouse. I 333 00:18:32,040 --> 00:18:34,760 Speaker 1: think there's this one photo of them, like it's the 334 00:18:34,840 --> 00:18:38,639 Speaker 1: last one where he's eating the centipede and it's just 335 00:18:38,680 --> 00:18:40,480 Speaker 1: got kind of a little bit of a Millhouse face. 336 00:18:40,520 --> 00:18:44,400 Speaker 1: You can see his mouth just full on on the cynipede. 337 00:18:45,600 --> 00:18:46,360 Speaker 1: Really gross. 338 00:18:47,080 --> 00:18:51,479 Speaker 2: Yeah, god, yeah, Again, if I didn't know what I 339 00:18:51,520 --> 00:18:54,920 Speaker 2: was looking at, I would not It's hard. I would 340 00:18:54,920 --> 00:18:58,680 Speaker 2: not be in the right like branch of the tree 341 00:18:58,760 --> 00:18:59,520 Speaker 2: of creatures. 342 00:19:00,200 --> 00:19:02,760 Speaker 1: Well, it doesn't. The problem is that, again, it doesn't 343 00:19:02,800 --> 00:19:04,600 Speaker 1: really have a face, so you don't even know what's 344 00:19:04,600 --> 00:19:07,600 Speaker 1: a mouth until you see something going inside of it. 345 00:19:08,400 --> 00:19:10,560 Speaker 2: And because he's got those like long I mean, I guess, 346 00:19:10,600 --> 00:19:14,480 Speaker 2: I guess they're fingers, but they really look like claws. 347 00:19:14,840 --> 00:19:18,160 Speaker 1: They are claws. So they are the like keratin part 348 00:19:18,240 --> 00:19:22,480 Speaker 1: of the Yeah, so that's like a claw they have 349 00:19:22,600 --> 00:19:25,280 Speaker 1: like more like they don't just have two digits in 350 00:19:25,320 --> 00:19:27,719 Speaker 1: the front, but that is those are the two that 351 00:19:27,960 --> 00:19:31,520 Speaker 1: are like long claws. It's like sort of a you know, 352 00:19:31,600 --> 00:19:34,600 Speaker 1: like two toed sloths, they like have those really long 353 00:19:34,640 --> 00:19:38,840 Speaker 1: claws in the front. Yeah, it's it's it's like that, 354 00:19:39,400 --> 00:19:43,760 Speaker 1: except in a tiny eldric torror beyond our comprehension. 355 00:19:44,080 --> 00:19:47,280 Speaker 2: Like, of course Australia has a faceless, hairy hermit crab 356 00:19:47,320 --> 00:19:48,960 Speaker 2: that eats lizards holes. Of course they do. 357 00:19:49,160 --> 00:19:53,119 Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, I mean, you know, one of their least 358 00:19:53,960 --> 00:19:56,920 Speaker 1: scary animals. I guess. All right, well we are gonna 359 00:19:56,960 --> 00:19:59,000 Speaker 1: take a quick break, and then when we get back, 360 00:19:59,160 --> 00:20:05,280 Speaker 1: we are going to talk about a very very specialized 361 00:20:05,440 --> 00:20:07,840 Speaker 1: I'm going to say, we go from no face to 362 00:20:08,200 --> 00:20:15,600 Speaker 1: a face that has like a very important job be scary. 363 00:20:16,320 --> 00:20:20,600 Speaker 1: All right, so we're back. We're going to talk about ants, now, 364 00:20:20,840 --> 00:20:24,360 Speaker 1: which you know we're used to our little ants, usually 365 00:20:24,720 --> 00:20:28,920 Speaker 1: Argentina ants that invade our kitchens and eat our cereals, 366 00:20:29,200 --> 00:20:31,880 Speaker 1: but there is a lot of different species of ants 367 00:20:32,200 --> 00:20:35,439 Speaker 1: all over the world. Ants live pretty much everywhere and 368 00:20:35,520 --> 00:20:38,080 Speaker 1: we're going to talk about a type of ant. Noticed 369 00:20:38,080 --> 00:20:40,960 Speaker 1: I didn't say species, but a type of ant called 370 00:20:41,040 --> 00:20:47,080 Speaker 1: a doorhead ant. And these are ants that have heads 371 00:20:47,240 --> 00:20:55,159 Speaker 1: that are doors. You're nodding. You're nodding, but you look concerned. 372 00:20:55,560 --> 00:20:59,720 Speaker 2: I mean there's carpenter ants right right right, makes sense 373 00:20:59,720 --> 00:21:04,080 Speaker 2: that they're be other sorts of carpentry adjacent ants. These 374 00:21:04,080 --> 00:21:05,720 Speaker 2: ones are door right right. 375 00:21:05,840 --> 00:21:09,320 Speaker 1: Remember like Game of Thrones, I only watched some of 376 00:21:09,400 --> 00:21:13,320 Speaker 1: that show, but there was the one guy and it 377 00:21:13,440 --> 00:21:17,359 Speaker 1: turned out so his name was Ho Door. And it 378 00:21:17,440 --> 00:21:21,159 Speaker 1: turned out that that was him saying hold the door 379 00:21:21,359 --> 00:21:28,560 Speaker 1: because a little kid brain featured him and so then 380 00:21:28,800 --> 00:21:32,560 Speaker 1: like he but his brain got two zapped from the 381 00:21:32,640 --> 00:21:35,360 Speaker 1: past future. So then all he could say is ho door. 382 00:21:36,040 --> 00:21:38,639 Speaker 2: Yeah, so his travel element is still a little lost 383 00:21:38,680 --> 00:21:40,520 Speaker 2: on me. We're watching it again right now, so maybe 384 00:21:40,520 --> 00:21:41,760 Speaker 2: I'm gonna figure it out this time. 385 00:21:41,960 --> 00:21:46,280 Speaker 1: He's a special boy with mind time powers, and so 386 00:21:46,440 --> 00:21:52,119 Speaker 1: he turns this guy into his Like God, I don't know, 387 00:21:52,200 --> 00:21:54,080 Speaker 1: it's seems like I don't know how to say this. 388 00:21:54,400 --> 00:21:58,159 Speaker 1: It's like all he can do is like it's a 389 00:21:58,240 --> 00:22:02,080 Speaker 1: man who's an entire purpose is to hold a door. 390 00:22:02,920 --> 00:22:07,000 Speaker 1: So that this boy wizard survives and that's the plot 391 00:22:07,000 --> 00:22:09,760 Speaker 1: of Game of Thrones, Folks, that's actually the whole show. 392 00:22:09,840 --> 00:22:12,600 Speaker 1: I think that's the whole show. Yes, there might be 393 00:22:12,640 --> 00:22:16,080 Speaker 1: some lizards in it. I don't remember, but that's these ants. 394 00:22:16,119 --> 00:22:22,160 Speaker 1: These ants entire purpose in life is door. So there 395 00:22:22,320 --> 00:22:26,119 Speaker 1: is a scientific term for this. It's called phragmosis. It 396 00:22:26,240 --> 00:22:30,880 Speaker 1: is an animal using itself its body as a protective barrier. 397 00:22:31,800 --> 00:22:35,040 Speaker 1: And I think that certain species of ants are some 398 00:22:35,080 --> 00:22:40,880 Speaker 1: of the most wild examples of this because they have 399 00:22:40,960 --> 00:22:45,640 Speaker 1: evolved a head shape that acts as a door. So 400 00:22:46,000 --> 00:22:49,080 Speaker 1: I showed you some pictures of the shape of this 401 00:22:49,200 --> 00:22:56,920 Speaker 1: ant's head. It's like flat and kind of wedge shaped 402 00:22:57,800 --> 00:22:59,800 Speaker 1: and it fits really good in holes. 403 00:23:00,760 --> 00:23:03,040 Speaker 2: Yeah, this picture of him sort of backed into a hole, 404 00:23:03,160 --> 00:23:05,800 Speaker 2: it looks like so it looks like he's plugging this hole. 405 00:23:05,880 --> 00:23:08,159 Speaker 2: In a close up picture of a tree, like the 406 00:23:08,200 --> 00:23:09,800 Speaker 2: tree bark, and there's a hole in the tree bark, 407 00:23:10,040 --> 00:23:12,439 Speaker 2: and perfectly filling the hole is the top of this 408 00:23:12,520 --> 00:23:15,000 Speaker 2: guy's head. It looks like someone's driven a nail into. 409 00:23:14,840 --> 00:23:19,679 Speaker 1: The tree exactly. And I don't mean to like gender 410 00:23:19,760 --> 00:23:26,360 Speaker 1: police bozands, but technically this is a female. The males 411 00:23:26,760 --> 00:23:29,200 Speaker 1: I don't think gets a cool job. They mostly hang 412 00:23:29,240 --> 00:23:33,080 Speaker 1: around and they might do some work, but usually they 413 00:23:33,119 --> 00:23:34,760 Speaker 1: are there mostly for breeding. 414 00:23:35,480 --> 00:23:37,359 Speaker 2: So the boys don't have the cool head. 415 00:23:38,440 --> 00:23:41,160 Speaker 1: I don't think. I don't. There could be a species 416 00:23:41,160 --> 00:23:43,800 Speaker 1: where the boys get a cool head, but I don't 417 00:23:43,800 --> 00:23:46,000 Speaker 1: know of one. I think all of these examples are 418 00:23:46,000 --> 00:23:50,960 Speaker 1: the females get the cool doorheads and the fellas. You know, 419 00:23:51,200 --> 00:23:54,720 Speaker 1: the fellas don't get the doorhead, which seems like sexism. 420 00:23:54,760 --> 00:23:57,320 Speaker 1: But you know, but. 421 00:23:57,240 --> 00:23:59,800 Speaker 2: How many doors need to be? Like does everybody in 422 00:23:59,800 --> 00:24:02,280 Speaker 2: the have this or is it a special job. 423 00:24:02,760 --> 00:24:05,359 Speaker 1: It's a special job. And it's weird because this happens 424 00:24:05,400 --> 00:24:08,240 Speaker 1: in many different species of ants. Some of the species 425 00:24:08,320 --> 00:24:10,680 Speaker 1: are related and some of the species are less related. 426 00:24:11,240 --> 00:24:16,480 Speaker 1: Uh so, uh, basically, this door this doorhead happens in 427 00:24:16,600 --> 00:24:19,439 Speaker 1: some species of ants, and sometimes it pops up like 428 00:24:19,680 --> 00:24:24,000 Speaker 1: basically different times in evolution, like a you know, parallel 429 00:24:24,080 --> 00:24:25,680 Speaker 1: evolution or convergent evolution. 430 00:24:26,960 --> 00:24:29,399 Speaker 2: Okay, so this is not like you said, this is 431 00:24:29,400 --> 00:24:31,120 Speaker 2: not a species of ant. It's a kind of ant. 432 00:24:31,200 --> 00:24:34,520 Speaker 1: So it's like right, exactly, so it's a certain job. 433 00:24:35,320 --> 00:24:39,840 Speaker 1: It's an ant job, so like you're born for this job, exactly, 434 00:24:39,880 --> 00:24:42,840 Speaker 1: so it's like sold you have soldier ants, you have 435 00:24:43,000 --> 00:24:46,000 Speaker 1: worker ants, you have the queen ants, and you have 436 00:24:46,080 --> 00:24:46,719 Speaker 1: door ants. 437 00:24:47,680 --> 00:24:48,480 Speaker 2: My job is door. 438 00:24:48,960 --> 00:24:53,240 Speaker 1: My job is door. I do door really good. I 439 00:24:53,280 --> 00:24:57,520 Speaker 1: was born to be door really literally born to be door. 440 00:24:57,880 --> 00:25:01,160 Speaker 1: And so let's uh, this occurs like in a lot 441 00:25:01,160 --> 00:25:04,199 Speaker 1: of species. So I'll high like one species just as 442 00:25:04,240 --> 00:25:08,760 Speaker 1: an example. So in the New World, the Cephalotes genus 443 00:25:08,920 --> 00:25:12,120 Speaker 1: is a genus of ants that in which this occurs. 444 00:25:12,760 --> 00:25:16,720 Speaker 1: And then in the Old World, the Caribera genus also 445 00:25:16,880 --> 00:25:20,760 Speaker 1: has many species of ants that have this trait. I 446 00:25:20,800 --> 00:25:23,919 Speaker 1: looked into the name Caribera genus. I thought maybe they 447 00:25:23,920 --> 00:25:26,800 Speaker 1: were named after care bears, but I couldn't find any 448 00:25:26,840 --> 00:25:29,679 Speaker 1: confirmation of that. So let me if you named those ants, 449 00:25:29,760 --> 00:25:31,840 Speaker 1: let me know, like, did you name them after care bears? 450 00:25:33,160 --> 00:25:36,080 Speaker 2: I mean, it's certainly not the same vibe, but I 451 00:25:36,080 --> 00:25:39,119 Speaker 2: guess it's well, I mean she is she is caring 452 00:25:39,119 --> 00:25:40,680 Speaker 2: for her family, that is true. 453 00:25:40,720 --> 00:25:43,840 Speaker 1: Also, name care bears have different jobs like one bear, 454 00:25:44,000 --> 00:25:46,600 Speaker 1: like on their tummies, whereas like right, my job is heart, 455 00:25:47,200 --> 00:25:51,720 Speaker 1: my job is hugs, and my job is rainbow. And 456 00:25:51,840 --> 00:25:54,440 Speaker 1: so for these it's like they would just have like 457 00:25:54,480 --> 00:25:56,520 Speaker 1: a door on their tummies and it's like my job 458 00:25:56,600 --> 00:25:59,840 Speaker 1: is door, except that it's their heads that are shaped 459 00:25:59,880 --> 00:26:03,840 Speaker 1: like a tray, Like you know, it's like that robot 460 00:26:03,880 --> 00:26:07,560 Speaker 1: in Star Wars, Star Wars, Star Wars, the one where 461 00:26:07,920 --> 00:26:11,800 Speaker 1: it's the robot whose head is like it's like flat, 462 00:26:11,920 --> 00:26:14,320 Speaker 1: and it's like, I'm I'm a tray. And then there's 463 00:26:14,359 --> 00:26:17,760 Speaker 1: one that's like trash can shaped and it's like I'm 464 00:26:17,800 --> 00:26:19,560 Speaker 1: trash can. Maybe I'm not. 465 00:26:20,160 --> 00:26:22,680 Speaker 2: I only know the two I'm a Star Wars guy. 466 00:26:23,280 --> 00:26:25,560 Speaker 2: There's like there's the little trash can one, and then 467 00:26:25,560 --> 00:26:26,760 Speaker 2: there's the tall golden one. 468 00:26:27,000 --> 00:26:30,080 Speaker 1: Is the other right, well, there's the dome. There's like 469 00:26:30,119 --> 00:26:32,440 Speaker 1: the ballard shape one, the dome one which is R 470 00:26:32,480 --> 00:26:38,480 Speaker 1: two D two, and then there's the tall like golden one. Yeah, 471 00:26:38,480 --> 00:26:41,520 Speaker 1: that's c P three British one three either C three 472 00:26:41,560 --> 00:26:45,480 Speaker 1: PO or c P three. Oh I forgot he's the British. 473 00:26:45,720 --> 00:26:49,880 Speaker 1: He's he's English. And then the little guy's beep from 474 00:26:50,280 --> 00:26:53,520 Speaker 1: Beep area or something. He beeps and but I thought 475 00:26:53,560 --> 00:26:55,480 Speaker 1: there was a scene in one of the movies where 476 00:26:55,480 --> 00:26:58,880 Speaker 1: they go to like robot it was like a robot 477 00:26:59,359 --> 00:27:02,800 Speaker 1: black to Tin Sight or something where they're like tormenting robots, 478 00:27:03,160 --> 00:27:05,439 Speaker 1: and I thought they like, I think they turned the 479 00:27:05,480 --> 00:27:08,679 Speaker 1: little guy into tray, Like they put a tray on 480 00:27:08,720 --> 00:27:11,520 Speaker 1: his head. Torment your tray now, and we're. 481 00:27:11,359 --> 00:27:13,920 Speaker 2: Gonna get We're gonna get torn apart, Katie. We're gonna 482 00:27:13,920 --> 00:27:16,880 Speaker 2: get torn apart by the starboys. 483 00:27:17,119 --> 00:27:20,919 Speaker 1: You know what, starboys come at me. I'm not the 484 00:27:21,000 --> 00:27:24,680 Speaker 1: one who's like making all these so many other Star 485 00:27:24,720 --> 00:27:27,920 Speaker 1: Wars shows that make you, guys all angry, even though 486 00:27:27,960 --> 00:27:30,320 Speaker 1: they're giving you more Star Wars, which just makes you 487 00:27:30,359 --> 00:27:32,920 Speaker 1: angrier and angrier. You're in a you're in a hell 488 00:27:32,960 --> 00:27:35,680 Speaker 1: of your own design. They they sent themselves to the 489 00:27:35,800 --> 00:27:39,959 Speaker 1: robot Torture Facility exactly. It's a robot black site of 490 00:27:40,000 --> 00:27:45,280 Speaker 1: your mind. We are talking about ants, though not robots, 491 00:27:45,440 --> 00:27:48,840 Speaker 1: and their heads are shaped like doors, and so so 492 00:27:48,960 --> 00:27:53,440 Speaker 1: the Cephalotes genus. There's a species called Cephalotes rowaryu, also 493 00:27:53,480 --> 00:27:57,320 Speaker 1: known as turtle ants, who live in the Sonoran Desert. 494 00:27:57,640 --> 00:27:59,760 Speaker 1: They live in the trunks and limbs of trees that 495 00:27:59,800 --> 00:28:03,360 Speaker 1: have been bored into buy beetles. So the ants co 496 00:28:03,400 --> 00:28:06,960 Speaker 1: opt these holes in tunnels for their own colony, and 497 00:28:07,680 --> 00:28:11,359 Speaker 1: some of the ants develop into a specialized class of 498 00:28:11,440 --> 00:28:14,960 Speaker 1: soldiers with flat disc like heads that are able to 499 00:28:14,960 --> 00:28:18,119 Speaker 1: block up the holes. And these are the door headed ant, 500 00:28:18,840 --> 00:28:22,760 Speaker 1: and this ant species lives its entire life in the tree. 501 00:28:22,800 --> 00:28:26,439 Speaker 1: They eat pollen, and they've actually developed the ability to 502 00:28:26,640 --> 00:28:29,800 Speaker 1: glide like a controlled glide. They splay out their little legs, 503 00:28:29,840 --> 00:28:33,520 Speaker 1: it's really cute, and then sort of guide their way 504 00:28:33,520 --> 00:28:35,760 Speaker 1: back to the tree so that if they fall off 505 00:28:35,800 --> 00:28:37,600 Speaker 1: of a limb, they don't have to fall all the 506 00:28:37,600 --> 00:28:40,040 Speaker 1: way to the ground, which would be fine, they wouldn't die, 507 00:28:40,400 --> 00:28:42,240 Speaker 1: it's just they have to walk all the way back 508 00:28:42,280 --> 00:28:45,640 Speaker 1: and that sucks. So they glide back to the tree 509 00:28:45,720 --> 00:28:47,680 Speaker 1: so that hopefully they don't have to walk all the 510 00:28:47,720 --> 00:28:50,360 Speaker 1: way up from the ground back to the tree. 511 00:28:51,040 --> 00:28:54,520 Speaker 2: So the flying squirrel situation cooking here exactly. 512 00:28:54,560 --> 00:28:58,760 Speaker 1: They've got the doorheads and the flying squirrel and so yeah, 513 00:28:58,760 --> 00:29:02,920 Speaker 1: you just have this whole basically cast of ants who 514 00:29:03,040 --> 00:29:07,920 Speaker 1: are there to serve as doors in case of attacks 515 00:29:07,960 --> 00:29:12,480 Speaker 1: and to protect the colony. But in some species it's 516 00:29:12,520 --> 00:29:15,720 Speaker 1: the queen herself who is door which I admire. In 517 00:29:15,800 --> 00:29:20,920 Speaker 1: a leader in bliffer A Data conops of Brazil, the 518 00:29:21,080 --> 00:29:25,120 Speaker 1: queen has a thick, disc like doorhead that she can 519 00:29:25,240 --> 00:29:30,040 Speaker 1: use to block the brood chamber from threats. Yeah, it is. 520 00:29:30,120 --> 00:29:33,760 Speaker 1: It's just like she has big flat doorhead and she 521 00:29:34,000 --> 00:29:36,520 Speaker 1: when she senses a threat to block the entrance, and 522 00:29:36,520 --> 00:29:40,760 Speaker 1: then her workers can gain entrance into the brood chamber 523 00:29:40,880 --> 00:29:44,120 Speaker 1: by knocking on her doorhead like knock, not queen, it's me. 524 00:29:45,760 --> 00:29:48,080 Speaker 2: There's like a special like a secret handshake kind of 525 00:29:48,120 --> 00:29:49,760 Speaker 2: knock I it. 526 00:29:50,040 --> 00:29:52,560 Speaker 1: Perhaps, you know, that's a really interesting idea. I don't 527 00:29:52,600 --> 00:29:56,440 Speaker 1: know exactly how whether it's pheromones or if it's a 528 00:29:56,480 --> 00:29:59,960 Speaker 1: pattern of knocking that she recognizes. It might be combination 529 00:30:00,160 --> 00:30:03,720 Speaker 1: of the two. But that's a very good question. And 530 00:30:04,240 --> 00:30:07,080 Speaker 1: but I do really like, look, if I'm going to 531 00:30:07,160 --> 00:30:10,680 Speaker 1: live in a monarchy, I want it where my queen 532 00:30:11,240 --> 00:30:14,000 Speaker 1: is also my door and I can knock on my 533 00:30:14,640 --> 00:30:16,680 Speaker 1: like like she's. 534 00:30:16,120 --> 00:30:19,640 Speaker 2: Putting her body on the line here for exact exactly 535 00:30:19,800 --> 00:30:24,600 Speaker 2: right like door. Conversely, it could be that she's, you know, 536 00:30:25,240 --> 00:30:28,720 Speaker 2: such a malicious ruler that she knows that she can't 537 00:30:28,720 --> 00:30:31,840 Speaker 2: trust anyone, that only she can truly protect the brood chamber. 538 00:30:32,040 --> 00:30:34,880 Speaker 1: She can't even trust a door, so like she has 539 00:30:34,920 --> 00:30:38,360 Speaker 1: to be her own door. Yeah, that's the that's the 540 00:30:38,400 --> 00:30:41,120 Speaker 1: true sort of boss babe like that. That's like the 541 00:30:41,120 --> 00:30:43,720 Speaker 1: peak of boss babe is like you have to be 542 00:30:43,840 --> 00:30:46,440 Speaker 1: your own door. 543 00:30:46,440 --> 00:30:48,560 Speaker 2: Like I'm not just the monarch here, like I am 544 00:30:48,680 --> 00:30:51,200 Speaker 2: the facility I am, right, I am everything. 545 00:30:51,640 --> 00:30:54,960 Speaker 1: I am the actual building. 546 00:30:55,080 --> 00:30:57,360 Speaker 2: Right like I'm I'm i am brooding in here, but 547 00:30:57,400 --> 00:30:59,560 Speaker 2: I am also the brood chamber. 548 00:30:59,680 --> 00:31:03,920 Speaker 1: Right exactly. She she can do it all, but yeah, 549 00:31:03,960 --> 00:31:06,640 Speaker 1: I mean she is really having it all. She's leaning 550 00:31:06,640 --> 00:31:10,479 Speaker 1: in ladies. Uh, you two can have a family of 551 00:31:10,560 --> 00:31:15,479 Speaker 1: like five hundred members, be a queen, a CEO, and 552 00:31:15,560 --> 00:31:15,960 Speaker 1: a door. 553 00:31:18,240 --> 00:31:19,120 Speaker 2: How does she do it? 554 00:31:19,560 --> 00:31:22,840 Speaker 1: How does she do it? Yeah? I do really love this, 555 00:31:22,920 --> 00:31:25,560 Speaker 1: I mean with aunts. I think what's important to remember 556 00:31:25,640 --> 00:31:27,920 Speaker 1: is that the whole purpose like of a colony in 557 00:31:27,960 --> 00:31:32,640 Speaker 1: a hierarchy is that they are It just means that 558 00:31:32,680 --> 00:31:37,480 Speaker 1: these genes get pushed forward to the next generation. Right, So, 559 00:31:37,600 --> 00:31:39,720 Speaker 1: like the queen is going to act like a door 560 00:31:40,280 --> 00:31:42,400 Speaker 1: if it means that she's more likely to have her 561 00:31:42,480 --> 00:31:45,360 Speaker 1: genes pass on to the next generation you're gonna. 562 00:31:45,160 --> 00:31:46,360 Speaker 2: Have if door is working. 563 00:31:46,760 --> 00:31:49,160 Speaker 1: If door is working for them, they're gonna go door 564 00:31:49,880 --> 00:31:53,080 Speaker 1: and you know, like, yeah, it is, it is. It 565 00:31:53,200 --> 00:31:56,680 Speaker 1: is wild though, how specialized, like you know, ant species 566 00:31:56,680 --> 00:31:59,320 Speaker 1: have becommon how you have these? Because it is it's 567 00:31:59,520 --> 00:32:02,240 Speaker 1: when we think about evolution rate and natural selection, we think, well, 568 00:32:02,280 --> 00:32:05,000 Speaker 1: like makes a lot of sense for an individual to 569 00:32:05,120 --> 00:32:09,720 Speaker 1: want to reproduce on its own, because otherwise, how does 570 00:32:09,760 --> 00:32:12,440 Speaker 1: it work? Right? Because like, if you're self sacrificing, then 571 00:32:12,440 --> 00:32:15,200 Speaker 1: your genes don't necessarily get passed on, because then if 572 00:32:15,240 --> 00:32:20,640 Speaker 1: you're just spending all your time being door and not breeding. 573 00:32:18,680 --> 00:32:20,400 Speaker 2: How does that work? 574 00:32:20,840 --> 00:32:25,160 Speaker 1: The very good question that doorhead girl is not breeding 575 00:32:25,960 --> 00:32:29,240 Speaker 1: right except for the queen version who the other ones? 576 00:32:29,480 --> 00:32:31,480 Speaker 1: And it plays into the larger question of how do 577 00:32:31,760 --> 00:32:35,160 Speaker 1: colonies work in the first place? So the way that 578 00:32:35,520 --> 00:32:37,680 Speaker 1: I mean first of all, how our rules assigned. Usually 579 00:32:37,680 --> 00:32:40,800 Speaker 1: that's some kind of pheromone signal, so like hey we 580 00:32:40,880 --> 00:32:44,400 Speaker 1: need more soldiers. There's like a pheromone that goes out 581 00:32:44,640 --> 00:32:47,360 Speaker 1: where it's like, hey, we need more soldiers. Usually it 582 00:32:47,400 --> 00:32:50,120 Speaker 1: can even be something where it's like if a queen 583 00:32:50,200 --> 00:32:53,800 Speaker 1: has died or there's no queen, the queen uses like 584 00:32:53,840 --> 00:32:57,400 Speaker 1: a basically queen suppressing pheromone, so new queens aren't born. 585 00:32:57,440 --> 00:32:59,640 Speaker 1: But if that queen is gone, new queens are then born. 586 00:33:00,320 --> 00:33:04,120 Speaker 1: If you have an imbalance of soldiers to workers. The 587 00:33:04,880 --> 00:33:10,000 Speaker 1: that pheromone imbalance, that those pheromone signals actually can inhibit 588 00:33:10,160 --> 00:33:14,600 Speaker 1: certain stages in the fetal development of these these offspring 589 00:33:14,840 --> 00:33:17,640 Speaker 1: in the egg and so at the last stage of development, 590 00:33:17,680 --> 00:33:19,920 Speaker 1: that's when they can like turn into like a worker 591 00:33:20,280 --> 00:33:24,000 Speaker 1: or a door. And so in these colonies, like I 592 00:33:24,800 --> 00:33:27,160 Speaker 1: think the way that they determine like who is door 593 00:33:27,400 --> 00:33:30,400 Speaker 1: is basically just like again like this this gradient, this 594 00:33:30,440 --> 00:33:33,360 Speaker 1: concentration of pheromones that determines like well, who needs to 595 00:33:33,360 --> 00:33:35,160 Speaker 1: be a soldier, who needs to be a worker, and 596 00:33:35,200 --> 00:33:39,280 Speaker 1: do we need more doors? And so like that that's 597 00:33:39,480 --> 00:33:44,200 Speaker 1: how it happens on sort of a mechanical level. You 598 00:33:44,240 --> 00:33:45,120 Speaker 1: look like you have a question. 599 00:33:45,240 --> 00:33:47,080 Speaker 2: Oh now I'm just thinking, like how did so many 600 00:33:47,120 --> 00:33:51,200 Speaker 2: different species of ants independently arrive at doorhead? Like who 601 00:33:51,240 --> 00:33:54,400 Speaker 2: is the first first cool aunt to be? Like you know, 602 00:33:54,440 --> 00:33:56,160 Speaker 2: I bet my head would fit in that hole and 603 00:33:56,160 --> 00:33:57,960 Speaker 2: it would be so helpful to everyone if I just 604 00:33:58,000 --> 00:33:59,640 Speaker 2: stood here like that, right. 605 00:33:59,760 --> 00:34:01,800 Speaker 1: I mean, you know, it's interesting because I think part 606 00:34:01,840 --> 00:34:05,600 Speaker 1: of it it's like probably sold first, it's soldiers, right, 607 00:34:05,600 --> 00:34:08,279 Speaker 1: because they would have bigger heads guarding it. They have 608 00:34:08,360 --> 00:34:12,040 Speaker 1: bigger heads because that would accommodate larger mandibles and allow 609 00:34:12,120 --> 00:34:15,759 Speaker 1: them to attack better. Uh, and then you probably have 610 00:34:15,880 --> 00:34:17,600 Speaker 1: soldiers who are like, I'm going to be at the 611 00:34:17,840 --> 00:34:20,919 Speaker 1: entrance because that is where the threat is coming from. 612 00:34:21,040 --> 00:34:24,520 Speaker 1: So I have like essentially they're tiny computers, right, So 613 00:34:24,560 --> 00:34:27,760 Speaker 1: they're like they are being guided by pheromones, by smells, 614 00:34:28,840 --> 00:34:31,120 Speaker 1: and so they are like, Okay, there is a threat 615 00:34:31,200 --> 00:34:33,160 Speaker 1: at the entrance, and so I'm going to go there. 616 00:34:33,200 --> 00:34:35,360 Speaker 1: And so maybe some of them their heads were so 617 00:34:35,560 --> 00:34:39,720 Speaker 1: big for combat, they actually when they were just there 618 00:34:39,760 --> 00:34:42,440 Speaker 1: in the door, the ones with the heads that were 619 00:34:42,560 --> 00:34:44,640 Speaker 1: just a little bit of a better fit for the 620 00:34:44,760 --> 00:34:49,440 Speaker 1: door of the colony, like, we're really effective and so 621 00:34:49,719 --> 00:34:53,319 Speaker 1: that like and now we get into like okay, but 622 00:34:53,360 --> 00:34:55,640 Speaker 1: then how do they pass on their jeans? Right, because 623 00:34:55,719 --> 00:35:00,040 Speaker 1: these door ants aren't necessarily reproducing. Well, it has to 624 00:35:00,080 --> 00:35:04,440 Speaker 1: do with how ants are very unique in terms of 625 00:35:04,600 --> 00:35:07,640 Speaker 1: having haploid diploid. Actually, I shouldn't say ants are unique. 626 00:35:07,680 --> 00:35:11,800 Speaker 1: A lot of use social organisms like ants, bees, termites, 627 00:35:12,160 --> 00:35:16,240 Speaker 1: they have a genetic system haploid diploid, which sounds really confusing, 628 00:35:16,280 --> 00:35:21,120 Speaker 1: but essentially what it means is that these the genes 629 00:35:21,160 --> 00:35:26,200 Speaker 1: of this colony, these sisters are basically like more related 630 00:35:26,480 --> 00:35:31,400 Speaker 1: to each other and to like the offspring into like 631 00:35:31,440 --> 00:35:35,120 Speaker 1: the queen and her genes than they are to their 632 00:35:35,160 --> 00:35:41,320 Speaker 1: own offspring. So, like, what that means is that essentially, 633 00:35:41,400 --> 00:35:46,400 Speaker 1: even if you have the queen being the only one reproducing, 634 00:35:46,480 --> 00:35:49,239 Speaker 1: maybe one queen, maybe multiple queens, but you know, just 635 00:35:49,320 --> 00:35:54,480 Speaker 1: the ones that are reproducing, then those the components of 636 00:35:54,520 --> 00:35:58,000 Speaker 1: the queen. The queen's genetics are reflected in the workers. 637 00:35:58,040 --> 00:35:59,960 Speaker 1: So if you have a worker who has an interesting 638 00:36:00,120 --> 00:36:04,799 Speaker 1: mutation that benefits the colony, those are very similar to 639 00:36:04,840 --> 00:36:07,400 Speaker 1: the genes that the queen is already passing down to 640 00:36:07,440 --> 00:36:10,280 Speaker 1: the new generation. So if that, if those are positive 641 00:36:10,320 --> 00:36:13,960 Speaker 1: genes that are helping the colony survive, those are reflected 642 00:36:14,040 --> 00:36:17,480 Speaker 1: in the queen's genetic makeup because they're almost like clones 643 00:36:17,520 --> 00:36:19,520 Speaker 1: of each other. They're not quite clones, but they're very 644 00:36:19,640 --> 00:36:25,239 Speaker 1: very genetically similar. But so, like, how does selection work. 645 00:36:25,280 --> 00:36:27,800 Speaker 2: It's like, you know, if these some of these ants 646 00:36:27,800 --> 00:36:29,840 Speaker 2: have the mutation, they're all coming from the queen, so 647 00:36:29,920 --> 00:36:33,920 Speaker 2: she's producing offspring with that mutation sometimes but not other times. 648 00:36:34,440 --> 00:36:37,600 Speaker 2: What is the selection pressure if that, like the ones 649 00:36:37,640 --> 00:36:40,000 Speaker 2: with the genes are not more likely to reproduce because 650 00:36:40,040 --> 00:36:42,000 Speaker 2: they're not the ones reproducing. I guess they're more likely 651 00:36:42,040 --> 00:36:42,640 Speaker 2: to survive. 652 00:36:43,120 --> 00:36:46,200 Speaker 1: They're more likely to keep the queen reproducing, and so 653 00:36:46,280 --> 00:36:51,840 Speaker 1: the queen's genes, the queen's genes are being reflected in 654 00:36:51,880 --> 00:36:54,439 Speaker 1: these ants. This is what's wild, right, It's like her 655 00:36:55,000 --> 00:37:01,319 Speaker 1: if essentially you have these ants that are keeping the 656 00:37:01,400 --> 00:37:06,359 Speaker 1: queen safe and so she keeps reproducing. And even though 657 00:37:06,440 --> 00:37:11,839 Speaker 1: the ants aren't necessarily surviving, they are so similar to 658 00:37:12,320 --> 00:37:14,880 Speaker 1: what the queen set of genes are, right, Like like 659 00:37:14,920 --> 00:37:19,120 Speaker 1: for female offspring, she's essentially just like pushing out her 660 00:37:19,239 --> 00:37:24,320 Speaker 1: own genes. They do actually get some genes from the father, 661 00:37:24,920 --> 00:37:31,960 Speaker 1: but the male offspring only get genes from the mother. 662 00:37:32,800 --> 00:37:35,040 Speaker 2: Oh interesting, And so. 663 00:37:35,400 --> 00:37:40,799 Speaker 1: Essentially, I there's a whole charts that you can work 664 00:37:40,840 --> 00:37:42,520 Speaker 1: out that shows how this works. 665 00:37:42,560 --> 00:37:45,479 Speaker 2: But essentially there's so much going on inside the ant hill. 666 00:37:46,000 --> 00:37:48,600 Speaker 1: Yeah, there's a lot going on. So essentially, if these 667 00:37:49,040 --> 00:37:53,600 Speaker 1: female ants reproduced with like a male ant, they would 668 00:37:53,960 --> 00:37:57,600 Speaker 1: be like less related to their offspring than they would 669 00:37:57,640 --> 00:38:00,759 Speaker 1: be related to the brothers that they're their queen is 670 00:38:00,800 --> 00:38:05,520 Speaker 1: pushing out. That Also, their reproduction is forcibly suppressed by 671 00:38:05,560 --> 00:38:08,839 Speaker 1: the queen's pheromones or even by like violence. So it's 672 00:38:08,880 --> 00:38:12,560 Speaker 1: not just that they don't ever have any instinct. They 673 00:38:12,560 --> 00:38:15,239 Speaker 1: do sometimes have instinct to try to reproduce, but then 674 00:38:15,280 --> 00:38:18,080 Speaker 1: that is suppressed by pheromones. It's also suppressed by like 675 00:38:18,160 --> 00:38:23,320 Speaker 1: there's no just monarchies, there's really no just monarchies. But 676 00:38:23,320 --> 00:38:25,759 Speaker 1: but yeah, but the way that the way that that 677 00:38:25,840 --> 00:38:27,920 Speaker 1: selection works, and this is like this is something that 678 00:38:28,040 --> 00:38:30,680 Speaker 1: has been like hotly debated a lot, right like like 679 00:38:30,760 --> 00:38:33,520 Speaker 1: this is a very good question and committed so confusing. Yeah, 680 00:38:33,520 --> 00:38:37,080 Speaker 1: and the ant forms are just going crazy right now. 681 00:38:38,040 --> 00:38:43,760 Speaker 1: But essentially it is that you have you have a 682 00:38:43,800 --> 00:38:48,000 Speaker 1: library of genes and normally, well not normally, but in 683 00:38:48,040 --> 00:38:52,120 Speaker 1: a lot of organisms like like mammals like humans non 684 00:38:52,239 --> 00:38:56,560 Speaker 1: non use social organism, meaning organisms where we reproduce on 685 00:38:56,600 --> 00:38:59,520 Speaker 1: our own and we don't have like a reproducing queen 686 00:38:59,760 --> 00:39:05,480 Speaker 1: or group of reproducers. If we have a good library 687 00:39:05,520 --> 00:39:08,880 Speaker 1: of genes that has some just like either stability or 688 00:39:09,000 --> 00:39:13,120 Speaker 1: good mutations or something like, we're passing that library down. 689 00:39:13,400 --> 00:39:18,160 Speaker 1: In this use social situation, you have your library of 690 00:39:18,200 --> 00:39:21,200 Speaker 1: genes that you would potentially pass down to an offspring. 691 00:39:21,320 --> 00:39:24,960 Speaker 1: Is so similar to what your queen is passing down 692 00:39:25,080 --> 00:39:29,360 Speaker 1: to her offspring, and it's like it's so related to 693 00:39:29,400 --> 00:39:32,080 Speaker 1: that that the chances are that if you had some 694 00:39:32,200 --> 00:39:34,960 Speaker 1: kind of mutation that gave you a doorhead and protected 695 00:39:34,960 --> 00:39:38,280 Speaker 1: your colony from invaders, the queen already has that gene 696 00:39:38,320 --> 00:39:41,480 Speaker 1: in her library that she's already passing down. And so 697 00:39:42,239 --> 00:39:46,120 Speaker 1: the fact that colony is kind of evolutions working through 698 00:39:46,520 --> 00:39:52,080 Speaker 1: the queen alone, but her offspring are in her workers, 699 00:39:52,080 --> 00:39:54,400 Speaker 1: which who are all related to her. All her offspring 700 00:39:54,880 --> 00:39:58,560 Speaker 1: are helping her pass down her genes, which are also 701 00:39:58,640 --> 00:40:03,560 Speaker 1: reflected in them. So if her workers are having these 702 00:40:03,600 --> 00:40:07,360 Speaker 1: positive mutations, that makes the colonies chance of survival better. 703 00:40:07,760 --> 00:40:12,120 Speaker 1: She's already like passing down those kinds of jeens, right, So. 704 00:40:12,080 --> 00:40:14,080 Speaker 2: It's not like if there's a one random mutation, she's 705 00:40:14,120 --> 00:40:16,759 Speaker 2: gonna make a lot of those guys because she's making 706 00:40:16,800 --> 00:40:17,759 Speaker 2: all of them. That makes sense. 707 00:40:17,840 --> 00:40:20,280 Speaker 1: Yeah, She's like and like, you could have a queen 708 00:40:20,320 --> 00:40:23,719 Speaker 1: who has a random mutation which is like ants, I 709 00:40:23,719 --> 00:40:27,640 Speaker 1: don't know, being really stupid, let's say, like just not 710 00:40:27,760 --> 00:40:30,359 Speaker 1: being very good at their job, being terrible doors Like 711 00:40:30,640 --> 00:40:35,080 Speaker 1: they're like some wasp knocks on the door and they're 712 00:40:35,120 --> 00:40:36,240 Speaker 1: like all right, come on in. 713 00:40:36,560 --> 00:40:38,200 Speaker 2: The Golden lap of guard dogs. 714 00:40:38,239 --> 00:40:41,239 Speaker 1: Yeah right, exactly, like oh did you come? Yeah, just 715 00:40:41,320 --> 00:40:44,359 Speaker 1: like super happy for any visitor. Then you know that 716 00:40:44,480 --> 00:40:47,600 Speaker 1: might that colony might not survive, and so the queen 717 00:40:47,680 --> 00:40:50,800 Speaker 1: herself is not going to pass on the like bad 718 00:40:50,920 --> 00:40:54,560 Speaker 1: door jeans. Right, So then you have evolutioning working in 719 00:40:54,600 --> 00:40:57,600 Speaker 1: that way. And we're actually gonna in the next section 720 00:40:57,640 --> 00:41:00,320 Speaker 1: we're going to talk about this in a really weird 721 00:41:00,360 --> 00:41:04,279 Speaker 1: way where we're getting even tinier and even weirder, and 722 00:41:04,320 --> 00:41:08,160 Speaker 1: we're talking about this kind of like group activity that 723 00:41:08,280 --> 00:41:10,000 Speaker 1: gets even creepier. 724 00:41:10,320 --> 00:41:12,359 Speaker 2: Oh god, we have one more question about the door 725 00:41:12,400 --> 00:41:15,480 Speaker 2: sorry fig out, Okay, okay. In both of these pictures 726 00:41:15,520 --> 00:41:19,360 Speaker 2: where the doorhead is being the doorman the door girl, 727 00:41:19,480 --> 00:41:23,440 Speaker 2: she's blocking the old door girl boss, the shape of 728 00:41:23,440 --> 00:41:26,040 Speaker 2: the head is a perfect flush fit with the hole. 729 00:41:26,719 --> 00:41:28,960 Speaker 2: Is there some sort of carpentry involved where they're like 730 00:41:29,040 --> 00:41:31,360 Speaker 2: nibbling it out to be exactly right or these just 731 00:41:31,400 --> 00:41:33,040 Speaker 2: beautiful coincidences. 732 00:41:33,600 --> 00:41:37,800 Speaker 1: That's a really good question. There are some invertebrates where 733 00:41:38,000 --> 00:41:45,320 Speaker 1: they practice this type of like door carpentry, like trapdoor spiders, 734 00:41:45,560 --> 00:41:48,600 Speaker 1: where they actually do sculpt the entrance so that it 735 00:41:48,680 --> 00:41:51,319 Speaker 1: is it matches their body, and they even do things 736 00:41:51,360 --> 00:41:54,840 Speaker 1: like add like stuff to their body, like trapdoor spiders, 737 00:41:54,880 --> 00:41:57,720 Speaker 1: they will like add stuff and then like they create 738 00:41:57,719 --> 00:42:03,000 Speaker 1: this very flush and also camouflage door. And these photographs, 739 00:42:03,920 --> 00:42:06,959 Speaker 1: I think that it's just this is actually probably more 740 00:42:07,080 --> 00:42:10,480 Speaker 1: of a human photography bias. I would say that the 741 00:42:10,800 --> 00:42:12,960 Speaker 1: even took the pictures that look the coolest, took the 742 00:42:13,040 --> 00:42:15,840 Speaker 1: coolest picture. That would be my guess, because if you 743 00:42:15,880 --> 00:42:18,799 Speaker 1: look at the one of the earlier pictures, you see 744 00:42:18,840 --> 00:42:21,000 Speaker 1: that there is a gap in the door. It's not 745 00:42:21,120 --> 00:42:24,879 Speaker 1: a perfect flush fit with that opening. There's a little 746 00:42:24,880 --> 00:42:27,880 Speaker 1: bit of a gap. Still really effective, right, like if 747 00:42:27,920 --> 00:42:32,480 Speaker 1: it's a large thing, try to get down, no, but 748 00:42:32,800 --> 00:42:35,080 Speaker 1: you know, still it is an effective door. But yeah, 749 00:42:35,120 --> 00:42:37,560 Speaker 1: the one that like literally looks like a nail in 750 00:42:37,640 --> 00:42:40,040 Speaker 1: like a piece of wood, I would say that is 751 00:42:40,120 --> 00:42:42,560 Speaker 1: probably because a photographer saw that and it's like that 752 00:42:42,760 --> 00:42:45,759 Speaker 1: is a really cool example of it. So this is 753 00:42:45,800 --> 00:42:47,960 Speaker 1: another I mean, it's a very good question because like 754 00:42:48,000 --> 00:42:51,480 Speaker 1: sometimes biology, like our perception of biology is also framed 755 00:42:51,480 --> 00:42:54,720 Speaker 1: through our own biases and our own desire for really 756 00:42:54,719 --> 00:42:58,959 Speaker 1: cool examples. But yeah, I mean, but your your question 757 00:42:59,000 --> 00:43:03,239 Speaker 1: of like do they do carpentry. It's there's so many 758 00:43:03,360 --> 00:43:06,400 Speaker 1: species of ants in so many cases of this like 759 00:43:06,760 --> 00:43:10,960 Speaker 1: door headed business. And it's also a relatively recent, like 760 00:43:11,040 --> 00:43:14,600 Speaker 1: within the past few decades, like relatively recent discovery about 761 00:43:14,600 --> 00:43:18,719 Speaker 1: these ants that like, uh like for a lot of 762 00:43:18,760 --> 00:43:21,480 Speaker 1: ants like species. They thought that these doorheaded ants were 763 00:43:21,640 --> 00:43:24,240 Speaker 1: entirely different species of ants because they looked so different, 764 00:43:24,680 --> 00:43:26,600 Speaker 1: and then they discovered like, no, these are actually the 765 00:43:26,640 --> 00:43:29,880 Speaker 1: same species of ants. This is just like a class 766 00:43:29,920 --> 00:43:34,520 Speaker 1: of the the within this colony. And so I think 767 00:43:34,560 --> 00:43:37,600 Speaker 1: it's completely feasible that there could be a species of 768 00:43:37,680 --> 00:43:41,719 Speaker 1: ant that tries like in the one that I talked about, 769 00:43:41,719 --> 00:43:43,520 Speaker 1: the one that lives in the snoor and desert. They 770 00:43:43,600 --> 00:43:45,640 Speaker 1: use pre existing holes, so I don't know that they 771 00:43:45,680 --> 00:43:49,920 Speaker 1: actually you know, modified the hole so much. Yeah, right, 772 00:43:50,000 --> 00:43:53,399 Speaker 1: But I think it's it's it's definitely within the realm 773 00:43:53,400 --> 00:43:56,760 Speaker 1: of possibility because you do see that kind of behavior, 774 00:43:57,239 --> 00:44:01,120 Speaker 1: and like other arthropods, you even see that behavior in like, 775 00:44:01,560 --> 00:44:05,959 Speaker 1: uh in two cans or yeah, in two cans, who 776 00:44:06,320 --> 00:44:08,960 Speaker 1: are two cans are hornbills? I think it's two cans 777 00:44:09,320 --> 00:44:10,040 Speaker 1: and two cans. 778 00:44:10,280 --> 00:44:12,720 Speaker 2: All those big big tropical birds look the same, do you, huh? 779 00:44:13,680 --> 00:44:16,480 Speaker 1: I'm a I'm a bird bird, bigot. 780 00:44:16,120 --> 00:44:17,719 Speaker 2: I thought you were a bird's rights activist. 781 00:44:18,040 --> 00:44:22,040 Speaker 1: I you know what you got me? I'm uh, I 782 00:44:22,040 --> 00:44:24,799 Speaker 1: am only a keyboard bird right to activists when you 783 00:44:24,800 --> 00:44:27,040 Speaker 1: get me in real life? Am I really there standing 784 00:44:27,080 --> 00:44:30,440 Speaker 1: in line with the birds? Yeah, it is two cans, 785 00:44:30,600 --> 00:44:34,520 Speaker 1: so they will like go nest in like tree hollows. 786 00:44:34,960 --> 00:44:37,400 Speaker 1: Horn bills are completely different environment. I don't know what 787 00:44:37,440 --> 00:44:40,680 Speaker 1: I was thinking. Okay, with two cans, they will nest 788 00:44:40,680 --> 00:44:42,399 Speaker 1: in these tree hollows, and then they use their own 789 00:44:42,400 --> 00:44:45,239 Speaker 1: feces and also like mud and other like fibers and 790 00:44:45,239 --> 00:44:46,640 Speaker 1: stuff to like narrow the whole. 791 00:44:47,080 --> 00:44:48,560 Speaker 2: I liked. 792 00:44:50,160 --> 00:44:52,720 Speaker 1: And then the mother too can will use her body 793 00:44:53,040 --> 00:44:56,400 Speaker 1: as a way to keep snakes out of like her 794 00:44:56,480 --> 00:44:59,080 Speaker 1: her nest. So that and then basically it's so small 795 00:44:59,120 --> 00:45:01,040 Speaker 1: even she can't get out of the hole, so she 796 00:45:01,120 --> 00:45:04,120 Speaker 1: completely relies on the male to go around and feed 797 00:45:04,160 --> 00:45:08,080 Speaker 1: her and her chicks once they hatch. So there are 798 00:45:08,880 --> 00:45:12,520 Speaker 1: it is beautiful, right, you know, covered in their own feces, 799 00:45:12,640 --> 00:45:16,480 Speaker 1: being kept, creating a door frame out of feces, and 800 00:45:16,480 --> 00:45:19,000 Speaker 1: then putting your own body on the line and then 801 00:45:19,040 --> 00:45:22,520 Speaker 1: having your husband get you groceries it's like that is 802 00:45:23,360 --> 00:45:26,200 Speaker 1: that's the American traditionalism that I want. 803 00:45:26,040 --> 00:45:28,120 Speaker 2: Right, Like, let's return to door. 804 00:45:28,719 --> 00:45:36,319 Speaker 1: Return to door, women's women's places as the door. All right, 805 00:45:36,480 --> 00:45:38,160 Speaker 1: so we are going to take a quick break and 806 00:45:38,200 --> 00:45:40,920 Speaker 1: when we get back, we are going to talk about 807 00:45:40,960 --> 00:45:45,880 Speaker 1: the teensiest and also weird ziest animal on our list today. 808 00:45:46,320 --> 00:45:47,200 Speaker 2: This looks gross. 809 00:45:47,800 --> 00:45:49,560 Speaker 1: It's very great. Wait what are you I don't know 810 00:45:49,560 --> 00:45:50,279 Speaker 1: what you're looking at. 811 00:45:50,800 --> 00:45:53,160 Speaker 2: Oh this last picture? Oh is that just that's the. 812 00:45:53,160 --> 00:45:56,399 Speaker 1: That's just another ant Oh that's that's the queen aunt here. 813 00:45:56,480 --> 00:45:58,239 Speaker 1: Let me get you a picture actually of this guy. 814 00:45:58,640 --> 00:46:00,200 Speaker 2: Okay, because this looks nutst. 815 00:46:00,880 --> 00:46:04,319 Speaker 1: Now we've already talked about anasts. We're about to get 816 00:46:04,560 --> 00:46:08,440 Speaker 1: even nastier. But it's kind of hard. We're on it's 817 00:46:08,480 --> 00:46:10,920 Speaker 1: a nasty on such a small scale. It's kind of 818 00:46:10,960 --> 00:46:16,520 Speaker 1: hard to depict the nastiness on the tiny scale. I'll 819 00:46:16,520 --> 00:46:26,400 Speaker 1: give it a shot, though, all Right, So we are 820 00:46:26,400 --> 00:46:29,200 Speaker 1: going to talk about one of the tiniest and weirdest 821 00:46:29,400 --> 00:46:34,959 Speaker 1: animals out there. And guess what it is? A parasite, 822 00:46:35,800 --> 00:46:41,480 Speaker 1: Because I at you know what parasites are some of 823 00:46:41,520 --> 00:46:46,000 Speaker 1: the coolest animals. Like I really got into evolutionary biology, 824 00:46:47,440 --> 00:46:50,000 Speaker 1: at least in college. Like I got addicted to it 825 00:46:50,040 --> 00:46:53,120 Speaker 1: because of a class I took on parasites, and it's like, no, 826 00:46:53,200 --> 00:46:56,200 Speaker 1: this is this is too cool because there they are 827 00:46:56,280 --> 00:47:01,960 Speaker 1: such sophisticated strategists. When it comes to reproduction, it is 828 00:47:02,400 --> 00:47:05,360 Speaker 1: really messed up and dare I say a little bit perverted. 829 00:47:05,440 --> 00:47:08,000 Speaker 1: I'm not king shaming, but it is a little bit. 830 00:47:08,040 --> 00:47:10,200 Speaker 2: I mean, the number of the number of parasites that 831 00:47:10,280 --> 00:47:12,760 Speaker 2: rely on us getting our own poop in our mouths 832 00:47:14,080 --> 00:47:17,080 Speaker 2: is incredible. They've been so successful we are disgusting. 833 00:47:17,320 --> 00:47:22,480 Speaker 1: Yeah, you know, it's using our own potty grossness against us, 834 00:47:22,520 --> 00:47:26,799 Speaker 1: which seems unfair, but you know, they they're they have 835 00:47:27,000 --> 00:47:30,240 Speaker 1: they have no rule book really in terms of ethics, 836 00:47:30,280 --> 00:47:33,960 Speaker 1: which will become very clear with these ones. So we 837 00:47:34,200 --> 00:47:43,040 Speaker 1: are talking about haplorc haplorcus uh pumelio parasite. So uh 838 00:47:43,360 --> 00:47:47,879 Speaker 1: a Star Wars villain, Yeah, Star Wars batto batto parasito 839 00:47:51,080 --> 00:47:53,400 Speaker 1: Uh so yeah Haplorcus pumilio. 840 00:47:54,200 --> 00:47:54,359 Speaker 3: Uh. 841 00:47:54,400 --> 00:48:00,400 Speaker 1: These are microscopic flatworms that infect snails and then fish, birds, 842 00:48:00,400 --> 00:48:02,600 Speaker 1: and mammals, usually in that order. 843 00:48:04,000 --> 00:48:05,479 Speaker 2: Oh, they're working their way up. 844 00:48:05,400 --> 00:48:08,520 Speaker 1: They are working They're working their way up. They're girl 845 00:48:08,560 --> 00:48:13,200 Speaker 1: busting their way up. They are found in Asia, Africa, 846 00:48:13,320 --> 00:48:18,879 Speaker 1: and the Middle East. So yeah, let's start with the 847 00:48:18,960 --> 00:48:23,520 Speaker 1: life cycle of these little flatworms. They first lay their 848 00:48:23,920 --> 00:48:30,000 Speaker 1: eggs and their eggs are ingested accidentally by a snail. 849 00:48:30,680 --> 00:48:35,560 Speaker 1: They develop inside the snail and then starts to clone itself. 850 00:48:36,400 --> 00:48:39,719 Speaker 1: They will then be ingested by a fish, which is 851 00:48:39,760 --> 00:48:43,319 Speaker 1: another intermediate host, where they can continue to develop into 852 00:48:43,480 --> 00:48:47,399 Speaker 1: a juvenile form. And then finally they are ingested by 853 00:48:47,400 --> 00:48:51,200 Speaker 1: a bird or a mammal where they develop into adults 854 00:48:51,280 --> 00:48:55,040 Speaker 1: and reproduce sexually. They lay eggs which are then pooped 855 00:48:55,080 --> 00:48:59,200 Speaker 1: out by the bird or mammal and the cycle can continue. 856 00:48:59,200 --> 00:49:02,000 Speaker 1: So they go through a cloning stage and then like 857 00:49:02,239 --> 00:49:05,560 Speaker 1: just basically growing up in various animals until they reach 858 00:49:05,600 --> 00:49:09,880 Speaker 1: adulthood and then they have a big horny orgy inside 859 00:49:09,880 --> 00:49:12,520 Speaker 1: a bird or a mammal and then they lay their eggs. 860 00:49:12,600 --> 00:49:15,480 Speaker 2: It's like the inverse of that the Children's song where 861 00:49:15,480 --> 00:49:18,560 Speaker 2: you swallow the bird to catch the spider to eat 862 00:49:18,600 --> 00:49:18,879 Speaker 2: the fly. 863 00:49:19,160 --> 00:49:23,239 Speaker 1: You know what I'm talking about, Yeah, it is, it's 864 00:49:23,320 --> 00:49:29,200 Speaker 1: kind of backwards. Yeah, that was a creepy thing to 865 00:49:29,280 --> 00:49:34,080 Speaker 1: me though, the lady eating all those animals, presumably still alive. 866 00:49:34,320 --> 00:49:36,040 Speaker 1: And then I guess, like's like, why did you swallow 867 00:49:36,080 --> 00:49:38,200 Speaker 1: a whole cat just because you eat a spider? Right? 868 00:49:38,239 --> 00:49:41,600 Speaker 1: And then like she and then she dies and I 869 00:49:41,640 --> 00:49:44,759 Speaker 1: can only eat I only assume she dies in like 870 00:49:44,800 --> 00:49:48,759 Speaker 1: a huge meat explosion, because like she's like she swallows 871 00:49:48,760 --> 00:49:51,359 Speaker 1: a horse or something and then she dies, and it's like, yeah, 872 00:49:51,400 --> 00:49:55,560 Speaker 1: if you try to swallow a horse, you just explode. 873 00:49:55,840 --> 00:49:58,239 Speaker 2: I mean maybe she had a parasite. This sounds like 874 00:49:58,280 --> 00:49:59,160 Speaker 2: parasite behavior. 875 00:49:59,239 --> 00:50:02,279 Speaker 1: I think she had some kind of brain parasite that 876 00:50:02,560 --> 00:50:07,560 Speaker 1: turned her into a horrible abomination. But anyways, it's great 877 00:50:07,640 --> 00:50:09,040 Speaker 1: the things we teach her children. 878 00:50:09,280 --> 00:50:11,839 Speaker 2: So like a person can get this though, like if. 879 00:50:11,760 --> 00:50:15,680 Speaker 1: Yes, actually a person can be infected with this, it's uh, 880 00:50:16,000 --> 00:50:20,640 Speaker 1: you know, like you you know, I don't know. I 881 00:50:21,000 --> 00:50:25,440 Speaker 1: don't think it actually is too dangerous. I think it 882 00:50:25,520 --> 00:50:27,560 Speaker 1: might make you sick, but I don't think it'll kill you, 883 00:50:27,600 --> 00:50:29,880 Speaker 1: and I don't think it'll like mind control you, and 884 00:50:30,200 --> 00:50:33,239 Speaker 1: you certainly won't like explode. You might get is that 885 00:50:33,280 --> 00:50:38,399 Speaker 1: the worm talking kitty? Which one? Which worm? You might 886 00:50:38,400 --> 00:50:41,759 Speaker 1: get diarrhea though, which is never a good time. So 887 00:50:42,360 --> 00:50:45,239 Speaker 1: uh but but yeah, let's let's back up before you 888 00:50:45,320 --> 00:50:49,440 Speaker 1: judge these adorable little babies. Uh, let's back up. 889 00:50:49,560 --> 00:50:50,600 Speaker 2: I feel like I'm being set up. 890 00:50:52,640 --> 00:50:55,080 Speaker 1: No, you're not. And your water is safe to drink, 891 00:50:55,080 --> 00:50:58,200 Speaker 1: don't worry about it. So, like the first host that 892 00:50:58,280 --> 00:51:02,840 Speaker 1: the H. Pumilio in fact is this snail, So inside 893 00:51:02,920 --> 00:51:06,879 Speaker 1: of the snail, it clones itself, and many of these 894 00:51:06,960 --> 00:51:11,040 Speaker 1: clones are exact copies, so they go through both asexual 895 00:51:11,239 --> 00:51:15,759 Speaker 1: reproduction where they're cloning themselves and sexual reproduction later once 896 00:51:15,800 --> 00:51:19,360 Speaker 1: they are mature, they will sexually reproduce with other members 897 00:51:19,400 --> 00:51:24,520 Speaker 1: of their species and lay eggs. So during this cloning period, 898 00:51:26,239 --> 00:51:28,560 Speaker 1: something really strange happens. Because so far this is like 899 00:51:28,760 --> 00:51:32,880 Speaker 1: kind of standard ish parasite behavior, like you have a 900 00:51:32,920 --> 00:51:36,799 Speaker 1: bunch of like intermediate hosts and you go through both 901 00:51:37,080 --> 00:51:45,160 Speaker 1: asexual and sexual reproduction yahn boring snoozefest. But in this species, 902 00:51:45,719 --> 00:51:52,080 Speaker 1: they actually create a very specialized clone that is sterile, 903 00:51:52,239 --> 00:51:57,680 Speaker 1: so this clone can't reproduce. It has a tiny, tiny 904 00:51:57,719 --> 00:52:03,279 Speaker 1: body about five percent size of a normal clone. They 905 00:52:03,280 --> 00:52:07,640 Speaker 1: are super duper aggressive and they have giant mouths, so 906 00:52:08,000 --> 00:52:12,480 Speaker 1: essentially they are a clone where it's just like an 907 00:52:12,520 --> 00:52:16,160 Speaker 1: aggressive mouth, like if you cloned yourself but it turned 908 00:52:16,200 --> 00:52:19,400 Speaker 1: out like a chihuahua version of you. So it's not 909 00:52:19,520 --> 00:52:23,600 Speaker 1: making clones of itself. It's making minions. It is making minions. 910 00:52:23,600 --> 00:52:28,600 Speaker 1: It's making both. Actually it's making clones and the clones 911 00:52:28,640 --> 00:52:32,000 Speaker 1: are making clones and and it's like but then the 912 00:52:32,360 --> 00:52:36,680 Speaker 1: it's also making minion clones that, yeah, are like I 913 00:52:36,719 --> 00:52:40,160 Speaker 1: guess minions are like the despicable mean minions are those 914 00:52:40,239 --> 00:52:42,320 Speaker 1: just like grous Janette. 915 00:52:43,120 --> 00:52:45,440 Speaker 2: I think that there's so much minion low. I do 916 00:52:45,560 --> 00:52:47,600 Speaker 2: not mean to take us into million lore. I don't 917 00:52:47,600 --> 00:52:50,120 Speaker 2: know anything. There's like so much going to do they are? 918 00:52:50,160 --> 00:52:52,200 Speaker 1: Do they have like an anus? Like what is like 919 00:52:52,239 --> 00:52:52,839 Speaker 1: a is it? 920 00:52:53,719 --> 00:52:55,520 Speaker 2: There's no way minions have genitals. 921 00:52:55,640 --> 00:52:58,120 Speaker 1: No, well not genitals, but they think you know, I'm 922 00:52:58,160 --> 00:53:01,040 Speaker 1: just saying they definitely don't. They probab have chloaca, right, 923 00:53:01,400 --> 00:53:04,480 Speaker 1: Like they may produce a sexually, but then they probably 924 00:53:04,560 --> 00:53:07,040 Speaker 1: have like some kind of like how do they reproduce? 925 00:53:08,040 --> 00:53:11,239 Speaker 2: I think they eat, so they definitely have a hole. 926 00:53:11,080 --> 00:53:16,640 Speaker 1: Right, They've got to have an anus, so but then 927 00:53:16,680 --> 00:53:19,919 Speaker 1: they also like do they reproduce by like like asexually 928 00:53:20,200 --> 00:53:23,160 Speaker 1: sort of like do they like I. 929 00:53:23,160 --> 00:53:24,520 Speaker 2: Just kind of assumed they didn't. 930 00:53:25,239 --> 00:53:28,240 Speaker 1: You mean, like God created it, like the fixed amount 931 00:53:28,520 --> 00:53:29,840 Speaker 1: of minions. 932 00:53:29,360 --> 00:53:32,160 Speaker 2: Like there's some sort of spawn point for them, and 933 00:53:32,239 --> 00:53:35,360 Speaker 2: these I don't know, is it like maybe it's like 934 00:53:35,400 --> 00:53:38,799 Speaker 2: an it's an ant colony thing. There is there's one queen. 935 00:53:38,800 --> 00:53:41,640 Speaker 1: Like so grew is they reproducing queen and he like 936 00:53:41,719 --> 00:53:45,839 Speaker 1: births these minions. Uh, I don't know. 937 00:53:46,160 --> 00:53:47,799 Speaker 2: Anyway, I need to look more into this. I need 938 00:53:47,840 --> 00:53:49,480 Speaker 2: to look more into But okay, so this guy, so 939 00:53:50,040 --> 00:53:53,600 Speaker 2: they're making he's making real clones, clones of himself that 940 00:53:53,640 --> 00:53:57,799 Speaker 2: look like him. Yeah, but then also he's creating from 941 00:53:57,800 --> 00:54:01,480 Speaker 2: his own genetic library these tiny monsters. 942 00:54:01,640 --> 00:54:06,200 Speaker 1: Exactly, You've got it. So these clones have a very 943 00:54:06,239 --> 00:54:10,480 Speaker 1: specific job. It is to kill any other parasite that 944 00:54:10,520 --> 00:54:14,800 Speaker 1: it comes across that is not its own clone colony. 945 00:54:15,200 --> 00:54:17,279 Speaker 2: So so what you're saying is this is medicine. 946 00:54:17,560 --> 00:54:24,759 Speaker 1: It's medicine that tries to ruin any competition for other 947 00:54:24,840 --> 00:54:27,000 Speaker 1: medicine and taking over your body. 948 00:54:27,719 --> 00:54:29,680 Speaker 2: So like, if you have a lot of parasites, you 949 00:54:29,680 --> 00:54:30,839 Speaker 2: should just try to get this one. 950 00:54:30,920 --> 00:54:33,279 Speaker 1: It's just like that Simpsons joke where if you have 951 00:54:33,480 --> 00:54:36,839 Speaker 1: enough diseases, they all cancel each other out through they 952 00:54:36,920 --> 00:54:37,839 Speaker 1: can't pink. 953 00:54:38,920 --> 00:54:41,640 Speaker 2: I think about that scene so often, considering I probably 954 00:54:41,680 --> 00:54:44,360 Speaker 2: saw that episode one time in elementary school. 955 00:54:44,440 --> 00:54:47,040 Speaker 1: It just makes so much sense in terms of biology. 956 00:54:47,360 --> 00:54:49,840 Speaker 1: I think that I've even seen that like cited in 957 00:54:49,880 --> 00:54:54,000 Speaker 1: certain papers about like viral interference and stuff. It's really funny, 958 00:54:55,000 --> 00:54:59,640 Speaker 1: but like it's uh so yeah, they they uh within 959 00:54:59,680 --> 00:55:03,080 Speaker 1: this snow. This is like snails have such a rough life, 960 00:55:03,200 --> 00:55:07,160 Speaker 1: like salt is bad for them. Uh, people eat some 961 00:55:07,239 --> 00:55:10,839 Speaker 1: of them and like other people hate them because they're 962 00:55:10,880 --> 00:55:14,480 Speaker 1: gross when you step on those. Yeah, I really feel 963 00:55:14,520 --> 00:55:18,920 Speaker 1: for snails, Like their name is literally like uh you know, 964 00:55:19,000 --> 00:55:22,640 Speaker 1: like snail mail, Like it's slow. I don't know. I 965 00:55:22,640 --> 00:55:25,319 Speaker 1: feel a lot of sympathy for them because they get 966 00:55:25,360 --> 00:55:27,840 Speaker 1: so many parasites. And then it's just like so within 967 00:55:27,880 --> 00:55:31,799 Speaker 1: the snail, there's gonna be other parasites with other species 968 00:55:31,880 --> 00:55:36,480 Speaker 1: of parasitic flatworms or maybe even like the same members 969 00:55:36,480 --> 00:55:42,040 Speaker 1: of like the same species inside but like different like individuals, 970 00:55:43,239 --> 00:55:44,080 Speaker 1: different kind of clones. 971 00:55:44,239 --> 00:55:46,600 Speaker 2: Right, So they're they're fighting it out with their their 972 00:55:46,640 --> 00:55:47,280 Speaker 2: fellow worm. 973 00:55:47,520 --> 00:55:50,399 Speaker 1: They're fighting it out with their fellow worm. It's warm 974 00:55:50,440 --> 00:55:54,280 Speaker 1: against worm, but not it's not clone against clone. It's 975 00:55:54,320 --> 00:55:57,080 Speaker 1: like clone against the same clone. It is clone against. 976 00:55:57,480 --> 00:55:58,759 Speaker 2: Making their little army. 977 00:55:58,960 --> 00:56:02,880 Speaker 1: Right, it's clone war where it's all clones, oops, all clones. 978 00:56:04,080 --> 00:56:07,000 Speaker 1: So much Star Wars considered. I've really never I'm not 979 00:56:07,040 --> 00:56:09,560 Speaker 1: a big Star Wars person either. I just know that 980 00:56:09,680 --> 00:56:11,800 Speaker 1: the cultural sort of key points. 981 00:56:12,120 --> 00:56:15,520 Speaker 2: He's in the milliu right, imagine, Okay, so he's making 982 00:56:15,760 --> 00:56:18,160 Speaker 2: he's making a little army, and he's fighting all the other. 983 00:56:18,040 --> 00:56:22,960 Speaker 1: Parasites exactly and so well the specifically it's these weird 984 00:56:23,120 --> 00:56:27,120 Speaker 1: tiny like mini me minions that are like mostly mouth 985 00:56:27,360 --> 00:56:31,120 Speaker 1: and very aggressive. So they'll like their entire job is 986 00:56:31,160 --> 00:56:36,000 Speaker 1: to latch onto these other little flatworms and suck out 987 00:56:36,040 --> 00:56:39,399 Speaker 1: their inside. So they latch on and suck out their 988 00:56:39,400 --> 00:56:41,360 Speaker 1: insides and that's it, job completed. 989 00:56:43,400 --> 00:56:47,600 Speaker 2: So they just so the little evil Chihuahua clones, they 990 00:56:47,719 --> 00:56:52,200 Speaker 2: latch onto like a competing worm and just slurp its 991 00:56:52,320 --> 00:56:52,799 Speaker 2: juice out. 992 00:56:52,960 --> 00:56:54,920 Speaker 1: That's right, you got it? Tight? 993 00:56:55,080 --> 00:56:57,720 Speaker 2: Yeah, cool, cool cool, And this is just happening inside 994 00:56:57,719 --> 00:56:58,440 Speaker 2: the snake and. 995 00:56:58,400 --> 00:57:00,960 Speaker 1: That's like in the in like the clones, whole job 996 00:57:01,160 --> 00:57:03,719 Speaker 1: is to that this, like the minion clones, whole job 997 00:57:03,840 --> 00:57:06,240 Speaker 1: is just to do that, like to slurp about the inside, 998 00:57:06,280 --> 00:57:08,640 Speaker 1: and it doesn't like really benefit it in any way 999 00:57:08,760 --> 00:57:11,759 Speaker 1: because I mean, this is just its instinct to do it. 1000 00:57:11,840 --> 00:57:16,960 Speaker 1: But this this minion does not reproduce, you know, it'll 1001 00:57:17,000 --> 00:57:19,680 Speaker 1: just kind of like die off eventually. It doesn't. It 1002 00:57:19,720 --> 00:57:21,880 Speaker 1: never reaches the stage of it doesn't clone itself. It 1003 00:57:21,880 --> 00:57:28,120 Speaker 1: doesn't like reproduce, it's not really propagating, so it just 1004 00:57:28,200 --> 00:57:29,840 Speaker 1: kind of like it's sort. 1005 00:57:29,640 --> 00:57:34,000 Speaker 2: Of an independent living creature. Yes, it's it's doomed to 1006 00:57:34,080 --> 00:57:38,400 Speaker 2: live and die only as a rabid worm slurping clone exactly. 1007 00:57:38,680 --> 00:57:50,640 Speaker 1: Yeah, it's eleven. So yeah, essentially they turn this like 1008 00:57:51,200 --> 00:57:54,760 Speaker 1: snail into a clone clone factory battleground. 1009 00:57:56,560 --> 00:57:57,760 Speaker 2: How's the snail feeling? 1010 00:57:57,880 --> 00:57:58,280 Speaker 1: Not great? 1011 00:57:58,480 --> 00:58:00,920 Speaker 2: Is the snail good? So yeah, first it's. 1012 00:58:00,800 --> 00:58:05,440 Speaker 1: Great because the snail the presence of these these parasites 1013 00:58:05,520 --> 00:58:08,800 Speaker 1: actually triggers the snail to have a stronger shell and 1014 00:58:08,960 --> 00:58:11,200 Speaker 1: bigger body, which is like, hey, this is pretty good 1015 00:58:11,240 --> 00:58:15,400 Speaker 1: for the snail survival. But eventually, like that's like the 1016 00:58:15,760 --> 00:58:19,439 Speaker 1: only reason that the parasite is having that happen for 1017 00:58:19,480 --> 00:58:21,600 Speaker 1: the snail is that it wants the snail to survive 1018 00:58:22,080 --> 00:58:26,120 Speaker 1: long enough for it to breed these more clones, right, 1019 00:58:26,600 --> 00:58:30,480 Speaker 1: so that once the snail is inevitably eaten by like 1020 00:58:30,600 --> 00:58:34,680 Speaker 1: a fish or something, and a lot of these parasites 1021 00:58:34,720 --> 00:58:37,920 Speaker 1: like that. I didn't read anything necessarily about how the H. 1022 00:58:38,040 --> 00:58:42,200 Speaker 1: Pumilio makes the snail a better target for fish, but 1023 00:58:42,320 --> 00:58:46,280 Speaker 1: in a lot of species, like Leucochloridium is an example 1024 00:58:46,360 --> 00:58:48,760 Speaker 1: of one that like it infects snails and then like 1025 00:58:49,360 --> 00:58:53,160 Speaker 1: makes the snail's etocks. Basically it creates these brood sacks 1026 00:58:53,280 --> 00:58:55,560 Speaker 1: that are inside the snail's eyestalks and then they like 1027 00:58:55,840 --> 00:58:57,440 Speaker 1: undulate and like they look. 1028 00:58:57,360 --> 00:58:59,960 Speaker 2: Like these like rapes like a homing exactly. 1029 00:58:59,600 --> 00:59:03,160 Speaker 1: Like a homing again, that make them more attractive to birds. 1030 00:59:03,160 --> 00:59:05,400 Speaker 1: And so I imagine there could be something going on here 1031 00:59:05,440 --> 00:59:09,120 Speaker 1: where even though the snail at first might be benefited 1032 00:59:09,120 --> 00:59:13,320 Speaker 1: by these parasites because it makes them tougher, clone factories 1033 00:59:13,400 --> 00:59:17,080 Speaker 1: like it might actually make them more vulnerable to predation 1034 00:59:17,760 --> 00:59:19,840 Speaker 1: in the end, So it's not so much the parasites 1035 00:59:19,840 --> 00:59:23,920 Speaker 1: are not benefiting the snail in any real sense at 1036 00:59:24,040 --> 00:59:29,280 Speaker 1: least or at least in the long run. But yeah, 1037 00:59:29,360 --> 00:59:34,120 Speaker 1: it is. It's I just love that you've got this 1038 00:59:34,440 --> 00:59:37,160 Speaker 1: thing that it's like, well, I'm going to create of 1039 00:59:37,160 --> 00:59:41,040 Speaker 1: my own flesh, just like a little weapon, and its 1040 00:59:41,240 --> 00:59:45,800 Speaker 1: entire purpose is just second guts out of my enemies. 1041 00:59:47,240 --> 00:59:49,560 Speaker 2: And so once the snail gets eaten, do they start 1042 00:59:49,600 --> 00:59:51,280 Speaker 2: this process over again in the new host. 1043 00:59:51,400 --> 00:59:54,959 Speaker 1: No, so they begin to develop, they develop into juveniles 1044 00:59:55,160 --> 00:59:58,120 Speaker 1: in like the fish, and then once the fish is 1045 00:59:58,160 --> 01:00:03,080 Speaker 1: eaten by like a bird or mammal, then that is 1046 01:00:03,120 --> 01:00:07,360 Speaker 1: when they develop into adults and so like, uh. 1047 01:00:07,520 --> 01:00:09,800 Speaker 2: Really have to get eaten several times. 1048 01:00:09,840 --> 01:00:11,400 Speaker 1: So this is one of the reasons that it's so 1049 01:00:11,440 --> 01:00:15,680 Speaker 1: important to develop so many clones is that you know, 1050 01:00:15,800 --> 01:00:19,080 Speaker 1: any kind of like waste that the animals create, or 1051 01:00:19,080 --> 01:00:21,200 Speaker 1: if like want a fish like eats part of like 1052 01:00:21,240 --> 01:00:23,600 Speaker 1: if a fish gets eaten by another fish, or like 1053 01:00:23,960 --> 01:00:26,240 Speaker 1: fish eats part of a snail and another fish eats 1054 01:00:26,280 --> 01:00:28,400 Speaker 1: another little part of the snail or something. You want 1055 01:00:28,440 --> 01:00:33,200 Speaker 1: as many clones as you can, because it is like 1056 01:00:33,280 --> 01:00:36,240 Speaker 1: a relay RaSE to get into eventually get into a 1057 01:00:36,280 --> 01:00:38,880 Speaker 1: bird or a mammal so that you can like reproduce 1058 01:00:38,960 --> 01:00:43,240 Speaker 1: with other of these h pumelias and layer eggs and 1059 01:00:43,280 --> 01:00:47,240 Speaker 1: so yeah, just like strengthen numbers because that raises the 1060 01:00:47,280 --> 01:00:51,080 Speaker 1: statistical probability that you're eventually going to reach the end 1061 01:00:51,160 --> 01:00:52,800 Speaker 1: goal of the final animal. 1062 01:00:54,720 --> 01:00:58,800 Speaker 2: What a powerful like commitment to evolution, right, just the 1063 01:00:59,080 --> 01:01:02,680 Speaker 2: likelihood of going like the seafloor to the stomach of 1064 01:01:02,720 --> 01:01:06,280 Speaker 2: a bird and you have to go to get there. 1065 01:01:06,480 --> 01:01:08,400 Speaker 1: They gotta, they gotta get there. I mean, it's it's 1066 01:01:08,560 --> 01:01:12,919 Speaker 1: just you know, it has worked out enough times that 1067 01:01:13,360 --> 01:01:14,840 Speaker 1: it sticks around. 1068 01:01:15,720 --> 01:01:18,720 Speaker 2: I mean, I guess the snail is a popular seaside snack. 1069 01:01:18,800 --> 01:01:21,720 Speaker 1: Look, they're crunchy and they've got a creamy sinner. 1070 01:01:24,120 --> 01:01:26,040 Speaker 2: I don't so it has to go. It has to 1071 01:01:26,040 --> 01:01:28,600 Speaker 2: go snail, fish, bird or can What if? What if 1072 01:01:28,600 --> 01:01:29,560 Speaker 2: the bird eats the snail? 1073 01:01:29,640 --> 01:01:31,640 Speaker 1: I think that's too soon. I think that it has 1074 01:01:31,720 --> 01:01:33,720 Speaker 1: too soon. Yeah, like it, I think it's got to 1075 01:01:33,720 --> 01:01:35,880 Speaker 1: go into the fish first to. 1076 01:01:35,960 --> 01:01:39,480 Speaker 2: Have sort of a fish adolescence, right, And these. 1077 01:01:39,320 --> 01:01:42,880 Speaker 1: I mean, the the helpful thing is that these snails 1078 01:01:42,960 --> 01:01:46,440 Speaker 1: I think are semi aquatic. They hang around the water 1079 01:01:46,480 --> 01:01:49,800 Speaker 1: a lot. So it's like like that the snails that 1080 01:01:49,800 --> 01:01:55,000 Speaker 1: they infect are very likely to be eaten by a fish. 1081 01:01:55,040 --> 01:01:58,640 Speaker 1: And then yeah, so like they have they have chosen 1082 01:01:58,760 --> 01:02:00,640 Speaker 1: a pretty likely. 1083 01:02:00,520 --> 01:02:02,640 Speaker 2: Path that like, yeah, I mean it's working for them, 1084 01:02:02,720 --> 01:02:03,240 Speaker 2: it's working. 1085 01:02:03,280 --> 01:02:08,520 Speaker 1: They're making it work. This strategy does seem to be working, 1086 01:02:09,240 --> 01:02:13,000 Speaker 1: and it's horrible, but hey, sure is effective. 1087 01:02:14,800 --> 01:02:18,320 Speaker 2: That's a disgusting creature. Yeah, I respect him. 1088 01:02:18,800 --> 01:02:20,760 Speaker 1: Yeah, you gotta respect it. At least it's not a 1089 01:02:20,840 --> 01:02:21,480 Speaker 1: Nazi though. 1090 01:02:22,040 --> 01:02:24,040 Speaker 2: But he's definitely a weird little guy. Like that's the 1091 01:02:24,120 --> 01:02:25,560 Speaker 2: weirdest littless guy. 1092 01:02:25,640 --> 01:02:28,680 Speaker 1: He's the littlest guy, and he's very very weird. 1093 01:02:29,200 --> 01:02:31,920 Speaker 2: He's up to some like weird sexual stuff. If he's 1094 01:02:31,960 --> 01:02:35,080 Speaker 2: harming his neighbors, like, that's that's a weird little guy. 1095 01:02:35,080 --> 01:02:37,440 Speaker 1: For it's a bunch of weird little perverts. And then 1096 01:02:37,480 --> 01:02:40,440 Speaker 1: they clone more perverts and they throw a big pervert 1097 01:02:40,480 --> 01:02:42,720 Speaker 1: party inside of a snail. 1098 01:02:43,240 --> 01:02:46,560 Speaker 2: And they have yeah, a like small violent asexual minions. 1099 01:02:46,640 --> 01:02:46,840 Speaker 1: Yeah. 1100 01:02:46,960 --> 01:02:48,160 Speaker 2: Yeah, that guy could be on my show. 1101 01:02:48,400 --> 01:02:50,800 Speaker 1: Yeah no, I mean it's it does kind of sound 1102 01:02:50,880 --> 01:02:52,040 Speaker 1: like some weird cults. 1103 01:02:54,800 --> 01:02:56,880 Speaker 2: But he's just violent in cell minions. 1104 01:02:56,960 --> 01:03:00,320 Speaker 1: Yeah exactly. There you go, there you go. Uh So 1105 01:03:00,440 --> 01:03:04,880 Speaker 1: next time you can call someone an h Pumelio specialized 1106 01:03:04,920 --> 01:03:09,040 Speaker 1: clone and they won't even know they're being insulted and 1107 01:03:09,080 --> 01:03:11,520 Speaker 1: you might get a wedgie. So I'm not liable for that, 1108 01:03:13,600 --> 01:03:15,680 Speaker 1: all right, So before we go, we do got to 1109 01:03:15,720 --> 01:03:18,760 Speaker 1: play a little game called the Mystery Animal Sound Game. 1110 01:03:19,120 --> 01:03:22,280 Speaker 1: Every week I play a mystery animal sound, and you 1111 01:03:22,400 --> 01:03:25,520 Speaker 1: the listener, and you the guests, try to guess who 1112 01:03:25,640 --> 01:03:28,600 Speaker 1: is making up sound, also known as gets who's squawking? 1113 01:03:29,200 --> 01:03:32,920 Speaker 2: Which is I never win, never win, you know, it's hard. 1114 01:03:33,360 --> 01:03:35,720 Speaker 1: I probably wouldn't win a lot of these because I 1115 01:03:35,760 --> 01:03:37,920 Speaker 1: get to do it backwards, which is fun for me 1116 01:03:38,000 --> 01:03:41,360 Speaker 1: because I get to accurately like smug and smart and like, oh, really, 1117 01:03:41,400 --> 01:03:43,800 Speaker 1: you didn't guess the animal sound that I looked up. 1118 01:03:44,760 --> 01:03:46,560 Speaker 2: I knew that was a kind of frog that no 1119 01:03:46,560 --> 01:03:48,240 Speaker 2: one's ever heard of exactly. 1120 01:03:50,560 --> 01:03:56,240 Speaker 1: So last week's Mystery animal sound hint was this. These 1121 01:03:56,280 --> 01:03:59,040 Speaker 1: sounds were pitch shifted down to sound like a certain 1122 01:03:59,120 --> 01:04:02,640 Speaker 1: movie star animals. They are, in fact in the clade 1123 01:04:02,840 --> 01:04:05,760 Speaker 1: you're probably thinking of, but maybe not quite how you're 1124 01:04:05,880 --> 01:04:37,240 Speaker 1: imagining them. 1125 01:04:19,520 --> 01:04:37,720 Speaker 3: Mm hmm. 1126 01:04:51,200 --> 01:04:51,520 Speaker 1: Cute. 1127 01:04:53,120 --> 01:04:56,160 Speaker 2: Those were dinosaurs. Yeah, I'm gonna say that you have 1128 01:04:56,200 --> 01:04:57,520 Speaker 2: a recording of dinosaurs. 1129 01:04:58,000 --> 01:05:00,480 Speaker 1: You know what, Molly, You are actually absolutely correct. 1130 01:05:01,440 --> 01:05:01,920 Speaker 3: Uh. 1131 01:05:01,960 --> 01:05:07,280 Speaker 1: And you are correct because this is a audio recording 1132 01:05:07,280 --> 01:05:11,280 Speaker 1: that has been pit shifted down of the only living 1133 01:05:11,320 --> 01:05:17,120 Speaker 1: dinosaurs around today, which are birds, and this is the 1134 01:05:17,160 --> 01:05:42,320 Speaker 1: original audio. So as you say fighting, they are fighting, 1135 01:05:42,360 --> 01:05:45,160 Speaker 1: You are correct. So two for two. You say you've 1136 01:05:45,160 --> 01:05:48,840 Speaker 1: never won this game, you have won this game. So yes, 1137 01:05:48,880 --> 01:05:53,320 Speaker 1: these are these are two birds who are fighting. Birds 1138 01:05:53,360 --> 01:05:59,640 Speaker 1: are dinosaurs. They are the only living dinosaurs that have survived. 1139 01:06:00,880 --> 01:06:03,840 Speaker 1: And so when you slow down their audio, it is 1140 01:06:03,880 --> 01:06:09,240 Speaker 1: a glimpse into maybe speculatively, what dinosaurs may have sounded like, right, 1141 01:06:09,360 --> 01:06:12,280 Speaker 1: because they are so closely related and so like the 1142 01:06:12,320 --> 01:06:14,840 Speaker 1: dinosaurs that we're thinking about, like t rex, right like 1143 01:06:14,880 --> 01:06:19,000 Speaker 1: maybe they like or you know, take any any dinosaur 1144 01:06:19,000 --> 01:06:21,240 Speaker 1: that you can think of, right like, they're they're they're 1145 01:06:21,240 --> 01:06:26,160 Speaker 1: these like large reptiles that are related to birds, and 1146 01:06:26,200 --> 01:06:31,000 Speaker 1: birds are are technically dinosaurs, and so potentially this could 1147 01:06:31,080 --> 01:06:33,720 Speaker 1: be what they sounded like. So bonus round. Can you 1148 01:06:33,800 --> 01:06:37,600 Speaker 1: guess the species? Like? There are two different species of 1149 01:06:37,640 --> 01:06:41,160 Speaker 1: birds fighting here? Can you guess one or two of 1150 01:06:41,440 --> 01:06:43,880 Speaker 1: who whom is fighting? Oh? 1151 01:06:43,920 --> 01:06:45,880 Speaker 2: My god? What even kinds of birds are there? 1152 01:06:46,920 --> 01:06:50,000 Speaker 1: Chickens? I don't know. 1153 01:06:50,040 --> 01:06:51,720 Speaker 2: That sounds like a big bird with that like big 1154 01:06:51,760 --> 01:06:54,440 Speaker 2: sort of honking sound that it had going. That's like 1155 01:06:54,480 --> 01:07:00,520 Speaker 2: a big guy. H what kinds of birds exist? For 1156 01:07:00,520 --> 01:07:02,600 Speaker 2: some reason? I want to say like an ibis because 1157 01:07:03,000 --> 01:07:04,760 Speaker 2: just because they have those like big faces that I 1158 01:07:04,760 --> 01:07:06,520 Speaker 2: feel like they would make a big honking sound. But 1159 01:07:06,560 --> 01:07:07,840 Speaker 2: I don't know who he would be fighting? 1160 01:07:07,920 --> 01:07:11,640 Speaker 1: You are, You're really close, You're like circling it. Do 1161 01:07:11,640 --> 01:07:14,320 Speaker 1: you want me to just tell you. 1162 01:07:13,440 --> 01:07:17,000 Speaker 2: Do Flamingos sound like that? No, Domingo be fighting. They 1163 01:07:17,000 --> 01:07:17,640 Speaker 2: look peaceable. 1164 01:07:18,240 --> 01:07:23,280 Speaker 1: Well, Flamingos could definitely work it out. I only ever 1165 01:07:23,320 --> 01:07:26,240 Speaker 1: see them just chilling get rough. No, you are you 1166 01:07:26,280 --> 01:07:29,640 Speaker 1: are correct that Flamingos could be could be fighting. But no, 1167 01:07:29,760 --> 01:07:33,960 Speaker 1: So this is a Canada goose and what looks to 1168 01:07:33,960 --> 01:07:37,880 Speaker 1: me but yours your ibis GISs was close because it 1169 01:07:37,920 --> 01:07:41,320 Speaker 1: looks to me like a juvenile Great Blue heron. So 1170 01:07:41,360 --> 01:07:45,480 Speaker 1: you've got these two aquatic, semi aquatic birds. You've got 1171 01:07:45,520 --> 01:07:48,720 Speaker 1: the Canada goose, You've got the Great Blue heron, and 1172 01:07:48,760 --> 01:07:51,760 Speaker 1: they are duking it out in the water. Great blue 1173 01:07:51,760 --> 01:07:55,040 Speaker 1: herons in Canada geese will sometimes come into conflict over 1174 01:07:55,280 --> 01:07:59,920 Speaker 1: territory or proximity to nesting sites, so they are just 1175 01:08:00,200 --> 01:08:04,440 Speaker 1: like wrestling in the water. I'll include a link to 1176 01:08:04,680 --> 01:08:09,000 Speaker 1: this video as well as the slowed down audio, which 1177 01:08:09,120 --> 01:08:13,760 Speaker 1: was done by Dane Pavitt on Twitter. So yeah, it 1178 01:08:13,840 --> 01:08:18,919 Speaker 1: is just really really cool to kind of recontextualize birds, 1179 01:08:19,439 --> 01:08:21,400 Speaker 1: like because we're so used to birds, we don't really 1180 01:08:21,439 --> 01:08:24,240 Speaker 1: think about them as dinosaurs because when we think about dinosaurs, 1181 01:08:24,280 --> 01:08:29,640 Speaker 1: we think about t rex, Brnosaurus, Ankylosaurus. I don't know, 1182 01:08:30,000 --> 01:08:32,040 Speaker 1: I've run out of dinosaurs. 1183 01:08:33,320 --> 01:08:36,280 Speaker 2: I'm obviously just very nervous about my first like real 1184 01:08:36,320 --> 01:08:38,880 Speaker 2: appearance on you know, the Mystery Animal sound game because 1185 01:08:38,960 --> 01:08:42,240 Speaker 2: obviously if a bird is doing violence, it's a goose. 1186 01:08:42,640 --> 01:08:43,479 Speaker 1: It's gotta be goose. 1187 01:08:43,640 --> 01:08:45,360 Speaker 2: That should have been my first guest. 1188 01:08:45,439 --> 01:08:48,080 Speaker 1: Yeah, goose. I mean the thing is kind of goose. 1189 01:08:48,400 --> 01:08:51,400 Speaker 1: They are very violent, but they're violent because they love 1190 01:08:51,439 --> 01:08:54,240 Speaker 1: their babies. They're very protective of their babies. There's a 1191 01:08:54,240 --> 01:08:56,960 Speaker 1: lot of aloparenting where there's like a goose who just 1192 01:08:57,000 --> 01:08:59,320 Speaker 1: sees some other goose babies and they're like, well, you're 1193 01:08:59,360 --> 01:09:02,840 Speaker 1: my babies, now I protect you. So Canada. Geese are 1194 01:09:03,080 --> 01:09:08,200 Speaker 1: assholes that have a purpose which is protecting babies. Swans 1195 01:09:08,360 --> 01:09:10,160 Speaker 1: will come for you, Yeah, they will come for you. 1196 01:09:10,240 --> 01:09:14,959 Speaker 1: Swans are a holes who sometimes like just are terrible, 1197 01:09:15,360 --> 01:09:19,240 Speaker 1: Like like male swans will sometimes kill like their own offspring. 1198 01:09:19,400 --> 01:09:23,200 Speaker 1: Like it's like that if the biggest a hole bird 1199 01:09:23,439 --> 01:09:25,720 Speaker 1: I think, at least in terms of aquatic birds, the 1200 01:09:25,720 --> 01:09:29,799 Speaker 1: biggest a holes I think are are swans. They are beautiful, lovely. 1201 01:09:29,920 --> 01:09:33,320 Speaker 1: They have certain reasons for being a holes, Like. 1202 01:09:33,320 --> 01:09:38,200 Speaker 2: It's because they're monarchists. They all belong to the queens. 1203 01:09:38,280 --> 01:09:41,439 Speaker 1: That's right, that's right. I don't know. I think they 1204 01:09:41,640 --> 01:09:46,599 Speaker 1: just as soon like attack the Queen's like body at 1205 01:09:46,600 --> 01:09:53,440 Speaker 1: her funeral than than bow down. They are. They are unrulable, 1206 01:09:53,640 --> 01:09:58,439 Speaker 1: these swans. But yeah, Canada goose. They are aggressive, and 1207 01:09:58,520 --> 01:10:01,639 Speaker 1: yet they are aggressive because they love their family. 1208 01:10:01,800 --> 01:10:03,840 Speaker 2: Yes, you have to respect. So if you've ever been 1209 01:10:03,920 --> 01:10:06,720 Speaker 2: to Mount Trashmore, I'm from Virginia Beach, Yeah, so it's 1210 01:10:07,200 --> 01:10:09,840 Speaker 2: Virginia Beach if you're not familiar with, is perfectly flat. 1211 01:10:09,920 --> 01:10:13,240 Speaker 2: The highest point of elevation in Virginia Beach is a 1212 01:10:13,320 --> 01:10:16,160 Speaker 2: park called Mount Trashmore because it used to be a 1213 01:10:16,240 --> 01:10:18,840 Speaker 2: landfill and they covered it up and turned it into 1214 01:10:18,840 --> 01:10:23,040 Speaker 2: a park for children. And the geese there. Listeners who've 1215 01:10:23,040 --> 01:10:24,920 Speaker 2: been to Mount Trashmore will back me up. The geese 1216 01:10:24,920 --> 01:10:29,400 Speaker 2: there are. I mean, it's like a gang. They'll come 1217 01:10:29,439 --> 01:10:31,479 Speaker 2: for you. You have to run. 1218 01:10:31,720 --> 01:10:34,320 Speaker 1: Oh no, are you do you think it's like safe 1219 01:10:34,320 --> 01:10:37,240 Speaker 1: to talk about this on the podcast, like you've already 1220 01:10:37,320 --> 01:10:39,720 Speaker 1: said that you live near there, Like, well, that's so. 1221 01:10:39,800 --> 01:10:41,720 Speaker 2: That's where I'm from. I don't live there anywhere they 1222 01:10:41,760 --> 01:10:42,240 Speaker 2: can't get me. 1223 01:10:42,439 --> 01:10:45,320 Speaker 1: So okay, well don't. Let's not. Let's not docs Molly 1224 01:10:45,439 --> 01:10:47,400 Speaker 1: so that the geese don't find her. Yeah. 1225 01:10:47,520 --> 01:10:49,680 Speaker 2: I can't go home until the keys forget about this. 1226 01:10:52,120 --> 01:10:55,120 Speaker 1: So it's the geese. They got a long memory. It's 1227 01:10:55,280 --> 01:10:59,960 Speaker 1: they're not They're not so easily going to forget your transgression. 1228 01:11:01,439 --> 01:11:05,559 Speaker 1: All right, let's get onto this week's an mister animals sound. 1229 01:11:06,040 --> 01:11:10,760 Speaker 1: The hint is this is someone's faucet leaking or is 1230 01:11:10,840 --> 01:11:15,439 Speaker 1: someone horny? Yeah, so ignore. I'm gonna to be fair. 1231 01:11:15,640 --> 01:11:20,280 Speaker 1: I'm gonna say, like, ignore the sound of crickets because 1232 01:11:20,360 --> 01:11:22,519 Speaker 1: it's not about the crickets. 1233 01:11:22,640 --> 01:11:24,120 Speaker 2: It's romantic and beyond. 1234 01:11:23,920 --> 01:11:49,720 Speaker 1: It's romantic ambiance. Exactly do you hear those little like 1235 01:11:49,760 --> 01:11:52,200 Speaker 1: things that sound like a little plucking. 1236 01:11:53,120 --> 01:11:56,280 Speaker 2: Getting sort of like getting sort of a rainforest on Beyonce. 1237 01:11:57,040 --> 01:11:59,920 Speaker 1: Let me play another clip so that this one my 1238 01:12:00,200 --> 01:12:02,240 Speaker 1: isolate this sound a little better. I want to be 1239 01:12:02,320 --> 01:12:07,519 Speaker 1: as fair as possible. Okay, ignore that. That's that's an owl, 1240 01:12:07,560 --> 01:12:17,920 Speaker 1: but that's not what we're talking about. That's what we're 1241 01:12:17,920 --> 01:12:18,479 Speaker 1: talking about. 1242 01:12:20,439 --> 01:12:24,519 Speaker 2: That sound, okay, and you said it was somebody who's horny. 1243 01:12:25,000 --> 01:12:25,200 Speaker 1: Yeah. 1244 01:12:25,479 --> 01:12:29,000 Speaker 2: I guess most animal sounds are. They're either saying They're 1245 01:12:29,040 --> 01:12:31,280 Speaker 2: either saying I want to fight you or I would 1246 01:12:31,320 --> 01:12:33,240 Speaker 2: like to get to know you right. 1247 01:12:33,800 --> 01:12:37,280 Speaker 1: Like like let's have sex, or I'm gonna kill you. 1248 01:12:38,320 --> 01:12:40,720 Speaker 1: I was like, animal too too. Yeah, but it's that 1249 01:12:40,880 --> 01:12:43,040 Speaker 1: like I can't quite do it. 1250 01:12:43,080 --> 01:12:45,200 Speaker 2: Is it some kind of small frog? 1251 01:12:46,200 --> 01:12:49,680 Speaker 1: That is a very interesting guess, Mollie. But we will 1252 01:12:49,760 --> 01:12:49,960 Speaker 1: know this. 1253 01:12:50,160 --> 01:12:52,519 Speaker 2: The owl. The owl threw me off in the second clip. 1254 01:12:52,520 --> 01:12:54,000 Speaker 2: The first clip sounded a little rain rain. 1255 01:12:55,720 --> 01:12:56,000 Speaker 1: Yeah. 1256 01:12:56,120 --> 01:12:58,960 Speaker 2: I was visited a rainforest for the first time recently. 1257 01:12:59,000 --> 01:13:00,800 Speaker 2: We were done in Puerto Rico. We were in El 1258 01:13:00,880 --> 01:13:04,200 Speaker 2: Yunke rainforest and they have these little tiny frogs. They 1259 01:13:04,200 --> 01:13:06,880 Speaker 2: are called cokey. That's all night long. 1260 01:13:06,920 --> 01:13:10,280 Speaker 1: It's a cute name for a frog because. 1261 01:13:10,040 --> 01:13:12,639 Speaker 2: That's what they sound like. They go coqui and all night, 1262 01:13:13,000 --> 01:13:15,920 Speaker 2: all night, the frogs go cook. There's just millions of 1263 01:13:15,920 --> 01:13:19,719 Speaker 2: frogs in the rainforest. I'm horny, Hey, I'm horny. 1264 01:13:19,800 --> 01:13:21,719 Speaker 1: Yeah, or they're trying to sell you coke. 1265 01:13:24,000 --> 01:13:26,200 Speaker 2: So I'm just thinking about this the strange sort of 1266 01:13:26,240 --> 01:13:31,080 Speaker 2: like almost birdlike, like clicky sounds that some frogs. 1267 01:13:30,680 --> 01:13:31,719 Speaker 1: Make a little droplets. 1268 01:13:31,720 --> 01:13:34,600 Speaker 2: But I'm not I'm not getting a positive reaction, so 1269 01:13:34,640 --> 01:13:35,679 Speaker 2: I'm thinking not a frog. 1270 01:13:35,760 --> 01:13:40,240 Speaker 1: Plus you let me say it. Well, uh, you know what, Actually, Molly, 1271 01:13:40,400 --> 01:13:46,240 Speaker 1: you are on the right track. I'm not gonna say anymore. 1272 01:13:45,720 --> 01:13:47,840 Speaker 2: Though, because because everyone gets to. 1273 01:13:47,800 --> 01:13:50,839 Speaker 1: Play, everyone getting everyone out there gets to play, including 1274 01:13:50,840 --> 01:13:54,479 Speaker 1: the geese that you've pissed off or are uh don't 1275 01:13:54,520 --> 01:13:56,479 Speaker 1: trying to hold them, don't tell them, key trying to 1276 01:13:56,560 --> 01:13:59,320 Speaker 1: tap this, trying to get it, get a read on this. 1277 01:14:02,439 --> 01:14:06,799 Speaker 1: But yeah, we will reveal the answer in next week's 1278 01:14:07,800 --> 01:14:13,280 Speaker 1: or the next podcast, whenever that may happen, probably next week. Mollie, 1279 01:14:13,360 --> 01:14:15,719 Speaker 1: thank you so much for coming on the show. Where 1280 01:14:15,720 --> 01:14:16,760 Speaker 1: Can People Find You? 1281 01:14:18,160 --> 01:14:21,000 Speaker 2: Thank you so much for having me. This was everything 1282 01:14:21,000 --> 01:14:23,400 Speaker 2: I hoped it would be. In more as a longtime listener, 1283 01:14:24,479 --> 01:14:27,439 Speaker 2: you can listen to my new show, Weird Little Guys. 1284 01:14:27,680 --> 01:14:31,040 Speaker 2: It's not as fun as this. It's much more upsetting. 1285 01:14:31,160 --> 01:14:35,599 Speaker 1: It's fascinating. It's really really interesting. If you're interested in 1286 01:14:35,920 --> 01:14:39,720 Speaker 1: the kind of like extremism pipeline, if you're interested in 1287 01:14:39,760 --> 01:14:44,360 Speaker 1: like I mean, like yeah, it's maybe more depressing in 1288 01:14:44,400 --> 01:14:47,000 Speaker 1: some ways, but it's like it is really interesting, especially 1289 01:14:47,040 --> 01:14:50,960 Speaker 1: in the current like kind of scary global political climate. 1290 01:14:52,360 --> 01:14:53,280 Speaker 1: Sorry for you. 1291 01:14:55,600 --> 01:14:58,240 Speaker 2: Positive review, positive review. I mean, I try to keep 1292 01:14:58,280 --> 01:14:59,920 Speaker 2: it fun. There's some jokes in there, but it's not 1293 01:15:00,120 --> 01:15:02,400 Speaker 2: four children. I saw someone was saying that they were 1294 01:15:03,200 --> 01:15:05,320 Speaker 2: upset that they were playing it in the car while 1295 01:15:05,400 --> 01:15:07,360 Speaker 2: dropping their kid off at school, and I would say, 1296 01:15:07,680 --> 01:15:11,920 Speaker 2: don't yeah, you know, but yeah, you can listen to 1297 01:15:12,040 --> 01:15:15,200 Speaker 2: Weirdle Guys anywhere you find a podcast. You can follow 1298 01:15:15,280 --> 01:15:19,120 Speaker 2: me on Twitter at Socialist dog Mom, where I do 1299 01:15:19,160 --> 01:15:21,760 Speaker 2: a lot of local politics, talk about the show, and 1300 01:15:21,800 --> 01:15:23,759 Speaker 2: post pictures of my two little Wiener dogs. 1301 01:15:24,120 --> 01:15:28,160 Speaker 1: I like her political coverage is really good, but I 1302 01:15:28,200 --> 01:15:32,880 Speaker 1: gotta say like the Wiener dog content is premium buck 1303 01:15:32,920 --> 01:15:36,280 Speaker 1: and auto, especially like we get we get live video 1304 01:15:36,720 --> 01:15:40,760 Speaker 1: of dogs getting snacks and like just so much good 1305 01:15:40,800 --> 01:15:44,439 Speaker 1: dog content. Highly recommend Love a Crunchy Snack They it 1306 01:15:44,600 --> 01:15:49,080 Speaker 1: is like the internet's most fine repository of dogs eating 1307 01:15:49,080 --> 01:15:54,840 Speaker 1: crunchy snacks. Huge recommend. Also recommend the podcast guys. Thank 1308 01:15:54,880 --> 01:15:57,959 Speaker 1: you so much for listening. If you're enjoying this show 1309 01:15:58,280 --> 01:16:01,000 Speaker 1: and you leave a writing and review it tangibly helps me. 1310 01:16:01,160 --> 01:16:03,920 Speaker 1: I appreciate it. I read every single review. I print 1311 01:16:03,920 --> 01:16:06,880 Speaker 1: them all out. I make like a big paper mache 1312 01:16:07,080 --> 01:16:10,519 Speaker 1: human being. I pretend that human being is you, and 1313 01:16:10,760 --> 01:16:12,640 Speaker 1: like I hang out with it, we go out on 1314 01:16:12,720 --> 01:16:14,639 Speaker 1: the town. I put it in like a little radio 1315 01:16:14,680 --> 01:16:20,200 Speaker 1: flyer wagon. I'm like, come on, listener, let's go get groceries. Anyways. 1316 01:16:20,840 --> 01:16:23,679 Speaker 1: Thanks also to the Space Classics for their super awesome 1317 01:16:23,760 --> 01:16:27,600 Speaker 1: song XO Lumina. Creature Feature is a production of iHeartRadio. 1318 01:16:28,560 --> 01:16:30,960 Speaker 1: Oh I did forget to say that. If you think 1319 01:16:31,000 --> 01:16:34,080 Speaker 1: you know the answer of this week's mystery animal sound, 1320 01:16:34,080 --> 01:16:36,599 Speaker 1: you can write to me at Creature Featurepod at gmail 1321 01:16:36,640 --> 01:16:39,240 Speaker 1: dot com. You can also write to me questions. I 1322 01:16:39,280 --> 01:16:43,880 Speaker 1: will occasionally do listener Questions episodes where I answer your questions. 1323 01:16:44,120 --> 01:16:47,880 Speaker 1: I also try to answer some of them just through email. 1324 01:16:48,479 --> 01:16:50,840 Speaker 1: And you can also send me pictures of your animals, 1325 01:16:51,600 --> 01:16:54,920 Speaker 1: like if you have pictures of animal snack time, I'm 1326 01:16:54,920 --> 01:16:58,840 Speaker 1: not going to say no to that. Where was I? Yeah? 1327 01:16:58,880 --> 01:17:03,080 Speaker 1: You know, podcasts, blah blah. iHeartRadio. For more podcasts like 1328 01:17:03,120 --> 01:17:06,200 Speaker 1: the one you just heard, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple 1329 01:17:06,240 --> 01:17:08,519 Speaker 1: podcasts or hey guess what where have you listened to 1330 01:17:08,520 --> 01:17:11,840 Speaker 1: your favorite shows. I'm not your mother. I can't tell 1331 01:17:11,840 --> 01:17:14,800 Speaker 1: you what to do, and I didn't like clone a 1332 01:17:14,840 --> 01:17:18,000 Speaker 1: bunch of minions out there just to do my bidding, 1333 01:17:18,120 --> 01:17:25,960 Speaker 1: because I'm not weird normal. See you next Wednesday.