1 00:00:06,000 --> 00:00:07,880 Speaker 1: Some of the jobs you might get a NASA have 2 00:00:08,200 --> 00:00:11,640 Speaker 1: really awesome sounding titles. And I heard you can morganas 3 00:00:11,640 --> 00:00:15,000 Speaker 1: and be called a spaceship commander. Yeah, or even better, 4 00:00:15,120 --> 00:00:18,920 Speaker 1: you could be the head of planetary Defense. Are you serious? 5 00:00:19,040 --> 00:00:21,880 Speaker 1: Is that like a real title? Absolutely? Wait, so what 6 00:00:21,920 --> 00:00:24,200 Speaker 1: are we what do we need to defend against? Like 7 00:00:24,480 --> 00:00:28,000 Speaker 1: rogue planets, evil planets. We're not expecting an attack from Mars, 8 00:00:28,040 --> 00:00:30,720 Speaker 1: but we do need to be defended against killer asteroids 9 00:00:30,720 --> 00:00:33,360 Speaker 1: from outer space. That would be an Armygeddon. That's right. 10 00:00:33,400 --> 00:00:36,239 Speaker 1: That's why they have Bruce Willis on call at all times. Hey, 11 00:00:36,240 --> 00:00:38,240 Speaker 1: I have an idea for a movie. What's your idea? 12 00:00:38,920 --> 00:00:42,360 Speaker 1: Die hard in space? In space, no one can hear 13 00:00:42,400 --> 00:00:59,960 Speaker 1: you shoot a gun. It's not hard to die in space. Soul. Hello, 14 00:01:00,000 --> 00:01:02,880 Speaker 1: I'm Jorge and I'm Daniel, and this is Daniel, and 15 00:01:02,960 --> 00:01:06,800 Speaker 1: Jorge explained the universe. Today. We're talking about a pretty 16 00:01:06,840 --> 00:01:14,120 Speaker 1: big question when it comes to humanity, which is is 17 00:01:14,160 --> 00:01:18,480 Speaker 1: an asteroid going to come and kill us? All? So um, 18 00:01:18,520 --> 00:01:21,680 Speaker 1: grim stuff, grim stuff, but also important. I mean you 19 00:01:21,760 --> 00:01:24,200 Speaker 1: might brush this off as irrelevant, but we know from 20 00:01:24,280 --> 00:01:27,840 Speaker 1: some pretty recent scientific history sixty five million years ago, 21 00:01:28,200 --> 00:01:31,160 Speaker 1: the dinosaur extinction was caused very likely by an asteroid 22 00:01:31,200 --> 00:01:33,760 Speaker 1: impact just the other day, just the other day in 23 00:01:33,800 --> 00:01:37,080 Speaker 1: geologic terms, So he could happen to us, that's right. 24 00:01:37,120 --> 00:01:40,560 Speaker 1: And so since we're all concentrated on this one planet, 25 00:01:40,600 --> 00:01:42,679 Speaker 1: you know, all of our humanities eggs are in one 26 00:01:42,760 --> 00:01:46,200 Speaker 1: basket almost literally, it's a reasonable question to ask. So 27 00:01:46,760 --> 00:01:48,880 Speaker 1: Daniel went out and asked people on the street, are 28 00:01:48,920 --> 00:01:52,040 Speaker 1: they concerned about and asteroids killing us? All? Here's what 29 00:01:52,160 --> 00:01:57,720 Speaker 1: they said, Well, maybe it's possibility, and I mean it's 30 00:01:57,800 --> 00:02:00,360 Speaker 1: quite possible, but there has to be certain things happened 31 00:02:00,400 --> 00:02:02,240 Speaker 1: for that to in order to that take place. You know, 32 00:02:02,400 --> 00:02:04,440 Speaker 1: they've got to have holes in the ozone, you gotta 33 00:02:04,480 --> 00:02:06,640 Speaker 1: have meteoroids coming. You've gotta be able to project it. 34 00:02:06,680 --> 00:02:08,160 Speaker 1: You know, you gotta know. I mean, we have the 35 00:02:08,200 --> 00:02:13,080 Speaker 1: technology so we can stop it. I think there's a chance. Yeah, 36 00:02:13,400 --> 00:02:16,840 Speaker 1: are you worried about it? Um? I read that like 37 00:02:16,880 --> 00:02:19,799 Speaker 1: it's a low probability, But every day that goes by, 38 00:02:19,880 --> 00:02:24,720 Speaker 1: the probability like compounds, so that, Um, there's a high 39 00:02:24,840 --> 00:02:28,880 Speaker 1: chance now. But honestly, like it's whatever, Like if it happens, 40 00:02:28,919 --> 00:02:33,280 Speaker 1: it happens, you know, Um, it's all the question of probability, 41 00:02:33,639 --> 00:02:40,360 Speaker 1: but it's uh, there's a finite possibility. So it seems 42 00:02:40,400 --> 00:02:42,639 Speaker 1: like a lot of people were aware of the danger, 43 00:02:42,720 --> 00:02:44,760 Speaker 1: but a lot of people also put it off. They're like, well, 44 00:02:44,800 --> 00:02:47,360 Speaker 1: it's a possibility, but they don't think about it, right, 45 00:02:47,440 --> 00:02:50,760 Speaker 1: It's like a fascinating dissonance thing. They don't seem that concerned. Yeah, 46 00:02:51,000 --> 00:02:53,000 Speaker 1: like I got other stuff to worry about, gas in 47 00:02:53,040 --> 00:02:55,000 Speaker 1: my car, or am I gonna, you know, as a 48 00:02:55,160 --> 00:02:57,920 Speaker 1: self driving uber gonna run me over? They seem to 49 00:02:57,919 --> 00:03:00,480 Speaker 1: be more worried about that. They seem to be very pregny, attic, like, 50 00:03:00,520 --> 00:03:02,480 Speaker 1: I know the probability small, so I'm not going to 51 00:03:02,560 --> 00:03:04,680 Speaker 1: worry about it as much as I'm going to worry about, 52 00:03:04,760 --> 00:03:07,160 Speaker 1: you know, getting run over by Clark. Yeah, there's like 53 00:03:07,240 --> 00:03:09,200 Speaker 1: hierarchies of worry, you know. It's like that's on the 54 00:03:09,320 --> 00:03:11,959 Speaker 1: list of things I should worry about, but I don't 55 00:03:12,000 --> 00:03:14,359 Speaker 1: actually have time to worry about and maybe if I 56 00:03:14,440 --> 00:03:17,200 Speaker 1: just ignore it, it'll go away, right, So that list 57 00:03:17,240 --> 00:03:19,520 Speaker 1: of problems, and then some people seem to have just 58 00:03:19,560 --> 00:03:23,000 Speaker 1: like this super confidence in scientists and engineers, you know, 59 00:03:23,080 --> 00:03:25,320 Speaker 1: they're like, yeah, I know it could kills all but 60 00:03:25,560 --> 00:03:28,200 Speaker 1: you know, I think we probably have the technology and 61 00:03:28,240 --> 00:03:31,000 Speaker 1: they're probably working on it. I love that slash. I'm 62 00:03:31,080 --> 00:03:33,440 Speaker 1: terrified by it. I love it because I love that 63 00:03:33,480 --> 00:03:36,400 Speaker 1: they're like, yeah, scientists are pretty capable. I mean, in 64 00:03:36,440 --> 00:03:38,440 Speaker 1: the movies, all it takes to solve this problem is 65 00:03:38,520 --> 00:03:41,360 Speaker 1: like a couple of pots of coffee and a musical montage, 66 00:03:41,400 --> 00:03:43,760 Speaker 1: and the scientists have an answer. Right. I love that. 67 00:03:44,400 --> 00:03:50,400 Speaker 1: Don't forget the chalkboard, you know, here's the solution. It's 68 00:03:50,400 --> 00:03:54,240 Speaker 1: always at least one musical montage though, right. I'm terrified though, 69 00:03:54,280 --> 00:03:56,160 Speaker 1: because it means that they're like, well, I don't have 70 00:03:56,160 --> 00:03:57,840 Speaker 1: to worry about it, w't have to do anything, you know, 71 00:03:58,120 --> 00:04:00,480 Speaker 1: I'm sure science has it covered in is you're gonna 72 00:04:00,560 --> 00:04:04,240 Speaker 1: learn in today's episode. There certainly are some vulnerabilities there. 73 00:04:04,280 --> 00:04:07,080 Speaker 1: You know, there's a possibility that an asteroid, if it comes, 74 00:04:07,360 --> 00:04:09,640 Speaker 1: could wipe us out even if we do see it coming. 75 00:04:09,720 --> 00:04:14,280 Speaker 1: It's non zero, the probability, it's non zero. Definitely on 76 00:04:14,280 --> 00:04:16,160 Speaker 1: the list of things you should worry about but probably 77 00:04:16,200 --> 00:04:19,320 Speaker 1: don't have time to do anything about anyway, right right, Okay, 78 00:04:19,320 --> 00:04:21,680 Speaker 1: so what um, what is the probability then that we're 79 00:04:21,680 --> 00:04:28,719 Speaker 1: going to get hit by an asteroid. Seven the probability, 80 00:04:28,839 --> 00:04:31,599 Speaker 1: it's fascinating. It's sort of unknown, and you know, you 81 00:04:31,640 --> 00:04:33,320 Speaker 1: have to think about, like, what is the kind of 82 00:04:33,320 --> 00:04:35,680 Speaker 1: thing that's going to hit us? Right, So we're talking 83 00:04:35,720 --> 00:04:37,760 Speaker 1: about rocks, right, And when you look out in the space, 84 00:04:37,800 --> 00:04:39,760 Speaker 1: you see the bright stuff, You see the stars, you 85 00:04:39,800 --> 00:04:41,920 Speaker 1: see the moon, you see things that give off light. 86 00:04:41,960 --> 00:04:44,080 Speaker 1: There's other stuff out there that's dark that you don't 87 00:04:44,160 --> 00:04:47,240 Speaker 1: see unless it happens to reflect light, you know, like 88 00:04:47,279 --> 00:04:50,159 Speaker 1: shining from moonlight or sunlight or something. So there's a 89 00:04:50,240 --> 00:04:52,520 Speaker 1: huge member of rocks that are still out there in 90 00:04:52,279 --> 00:04:54,599 Speaker 1: the in the Solar System and in the universe. And 91 00:04:54,680 --> 00:04:56,880 Speaker 1: that's what we're talking about, like a big rock slimming 92 00:04:56,920 --> 00:04:58,839 Speaker 1: into the Earth. Yeah, and I thought that was super 93 00:04:58,880 --> 00:05:02,599 Speaker 1: interesting to find out that. You know, when we people 94 00:05:02,600 --> 00:05:04,600 Speaker 1: are seeing movies like, oh, we're going to get him 95 00:05:04,600 --> 00:05:07,480 Speaker 1: by an asteroid, it's usually like this thing that comes 96 00:05:07,560 --> 00:05:10,359 Speaker 1: from the void of space that's going to hit us 97 00:05:10,360 --> 00:05:13,240 Speaker 1: out of the blue. Um. But the truth is apparently 98 00:05:13,240 --> 00:05:16,760 Speaker 1: that we were like surrounded by asteroids. There's like gazillions 99 00:05:16,800 --> 00:05:20,039 Speaker 1: asteroids that were like hanging around us, right. Yeah, they're 100 00:05:20,040 --> 00:05:22,880 Speaker 1: absolutely there's rocks everywhere in our solar system, and you 101 00:05:22,920 --> 00:05:25,680 Speaker 1: have to understand like how our solar system came to be. 102 00:05:26,040 --> 00:05:28,960 Speaker 1: You know, our solar system is like gravity slowly over 103 00:05:29,000 --> 00:05:32,480 Speaker 1: billions of years, pulling together rocks and rubble and dust 104 00:05:32,920 --> 00:05:35,760 Speaker 1: into larger pieces. Right, Like how do you form a star? 105 00:05:36,120 --> 00:05:38,279 Speaker 1: You got a big ball of gas and you wait 106 00:05:38,360 --> 00:05:41,560 Speaker 1: a billion years and gravity eventually pulls it together and 107 00:05:41,600 --> 00:05:44,720 Speaker 1: compresses it and compresses it so much that it turned 108 00:05:44,760 --> 00:05:48,039 Speaker 1: to like a fusion bomb. Right. That's how powerful gravity 109 00:05:48,120 --> 00:05:51,160 Speaker 1: is over long times. Right, you've given enough time you 110 00:05:51,200 --> 00:05:54,520 Speaker 1: can pull anything together, but it doesn't get everything. So 111 00:05:54,560 --> 00:05:56,640 Speaker 1: there's still you know, enough rocks slept over to make 112 00:05:56,760 --> 00:05:59,520 Speaker 1: Earth and enough bits left over to make Jupiter, and 113 00:05:59,800 --> 00:06:02,279 Speaker 1: not all those bits get pulled into a planet. And 114 00:06:02,279 --> 00:06:04,480 Speaker 1: that's why you have things like the asteroid belt, which 115 00:06:04,520 --> 00:06:07,120 Speaker 1: has a huge number of rocks in it. They're like 116 00:06:07,160 --> 00:06:11,840 Speaker 1: the crumbs from for making the planets. Right, that's right. 117 00:06:12,200 --> 00:06:14,680 Speaker 1: Somebody ate a cake and the asteroid belt are their 118 00:06:14,720 --> 00:06:17,159 Speaker 1: crumbs left over and they didn't sweep up yea or 119 00:06:17,200 --> 00:06:19,200 Speaker 1: like you know, when you're making like meatballs or bread 120 00:06:19,320 --> 00:06:21,400 Speaker 1: or something and you're like you're like you grab some 121 00:06:21,520 --> 00:06:23,400 Speaker 1: and you like you pat it down, you make something, 122 00:06:23,440 --> 00:06:26,040 Speaker 1: but there's always all these little bits land around, that's right, 123 00:06:26,160 --> 00:06:28,800 Speaker 1: And I usually wipe down my counter. But whoever, maybe 124 00:06:28,800 --> 00:06:31,800 Speaker 1: feel Solar system didn't And for scale, Like I looked 125 00:06:31,800 --> 00:06:34,520 Speaker 1: this up and um, if you added up like all 126 00:06:34,520 --> 00:06:37,680 Speaker 1: of the rocks in the asteroid belt, it's like, you know, 127 00:06:37,839 --> 00:06:40,480 Speaker 1: one twenty five of the of the size of the Moon. 128 00:06:41,160 --> 00:06:45,400 Speaker 1: So most of the stuff in the Solar System. Yeah, yeah, 129 00:06:45,440 --> 00:06:47,480 Speaker 1: it's four percent of the moon. If you add up 130 00:06:47,480 --> 00:06:50,320 Speaker 1: all the stuff in the asteroid belt, all that stuff, 131 00:06:50,680 --> 00:06:53,560 Speaker 1: I thought it was like thicker and more massive. Yeah, 132 00:06:53,560 --> 00:06:56,479 Speaker 1: and and fascinating. Least some of them. It's mostly a 133 00:06:56,560 --> 00:06:59,440 Speaker 1: few big rocks. Like half of the stuff in the 134 00:07:00,040 --> 00:07:02,360 Speaker 1: in the asteroid belt is just four really big rocks. 135 00:07:02,800 --> 00:07:04,760 Speaker 1: But there's a lot of rocks out there. How many 136 00:07:04,839 --> 00:07:07,440 Speaker 1: rocks are there? How many rocks are there? These are 137 00:07:07,480 --> 00:07:10,920 Speaker 1: an estimate, like, well, there's we don't know, um, the 138 00:07:11,000 --> 00:07:14,240 Speaker 1: number of rocks in total, because you can't count the 139 00:07:14,280 --> 00:07:20,120 Speaker 1: really tiny ones. Were the big one. And as they 140 00:07:20,120 --> 00:07:22,960 Speaker 1: get smaller and smaller, there are more and more, and 141 00:07:23,040 --> 00:07:25,840 Speaker 1: as they get really small, they get really numerous, and 142 00:07:25,840 --> 00:07:28,800 Speaker 1: then they're basically impossible to see an impossible to count. 143 00:07:29,040 --> 00:07:31,080 Speaker 1: And the thing to understand there is that obviously the 144 00:07:31,080 --> 00:07:33,800 Speaker 1: biggest rocks are the more dangerous and the smallest ones 145 00:07:33,920 --> 00:07:37,080 Speaker 1: are less dangerous, and so we're mostly worried about the 146 00:07:37,120 --> 00:07:40,080 Speaker 1: biggest rocks, Like some of those rocks are pretty big, 147 00:07:40,360 --> 00:07:42,760 Speaker 1: Like we need to worry about the rocks in our 148 00:07:42,800 --> 00:07:45,560 Speaker 1: solar system that we're like hanging out with. Like I 149 00:07:45,600 --> 00:07:48,120 Speaker 1: was thinking, like an analogy is that, Like we're like, 150 00:07:48,200 --> 00:07:50,840 Speaker 1: we're in the toilet, right, and this toilet is is 151 00:07:50,880 --> 00:07:54,240 Speaker 1: swirling around and we're like this little pebble at it? 152 00:07:54,320 --> 00:07:57,480 Speaker 1: Is this your personal toilet model of the solar system? Yes? 153 00:07:58,000 --> 00:08:02,240 Speaker 1: I think Copernic has rejected that, didn't he's splicitly um, yeah, 154 00:08:02,280 --> 00:08:04,880 Speaker 1: I don't think we had toilets back then. You're right, 155 00:08:05,600 --> 00:08:07,880 Speaker 1: you're right, all right, go ahead. So yeah, So it's 156 00:08:07,920 --> 00:08:10,640 Speaker 1: like we're swirling around and we're this little ball, but 157 00:08:10,680 --> 00:08:12,920 Speaker 1: there's all these other little balls swirling around around us, 158 00:08:12,960 --> 00:08:15,680 Speaker 1: and we're just hoping that in this swirling around none 159 00:08:15,720 --> 00:08:17,640 Speaker 1: of them are going to hit us. It's like this 160 00:08:17,800 --> 00:08:20,600 Speaker 1: chaotis giant thing, right, isn't it. That's right? And I 161 00:08:20,600 --> 00:08:22,800 Speaker 1: want to talk a little bit more about that. But first, 162 00:08:22,920 --> 00:08:37,080 Speaker 1: a quick break, Right, so let's think of the Solar 163 00:08:37,120 --> 00:08:39,880 Speaker 1: system as this big swirling mass. I think that's fair analogy. 164 00:08:39,920 --> 00:08:42,160 Speaker 1: I mean a toilet bowl makes it sound like everything 165 00:08:42,320 --> 00:08:44,920 Speaker 1: is cycling towards the center, which we're hopefully not going 166 00:08:45,000 --> 00:08:48,320 Speaker 1: to get flushed into the Sun. But but you're right, 167 00:08:48,360 --> 00:08:50,520 Speaker 1: everything's been swirling around and in the beginning, I think 168 00:08:50,520 --> 00:08:52,680 Speaker 1: there was a lot of bumping. Right, there's there's a 169 00:08:52,679 --> 00:08:55,880 Speaker 1: big disorganized mess and it's swirled together, and the bumping 170 00:08:55,960 --> 00:08:57,920 Speaker 1: is how we got planets and stars and all that 171 00:08:58,000 --> 00:09:01,480 Speaker 1: kind of stuff. But now, billions of years later, right, 172 00:09:01,520 --> 00:09:03,800 Speaker 1: the Earth is at least four billion years old, billions 173 00:09:03,800 --> 00:09:05,840 Speaker 1: of years later, things have been swirling around for a 174 00:09:05,880 --> 00:09:08,240 Speaker 1: long time, and things that we're going to bump together 175 00:09:08,320 --> 00:09:12,000 Speaker 1: and form together mostly have things have settled down. Yeah. 176 00:09:12,120 --> 00:09:14,840 Speaker 1: We're sort of in the you know, happy middle ages 177 00:09:15,040 --> 00:09:21,880 Speaker 1: of the solar systems. We're waiting for the big flesh. 178 00:09:22,280 --> 00:09:26,440 Speaker 1: Um yeah, so um. The interesting thing is that there 179 00:09:26,480 --> 00:09:29,040 Speaker 1: are rocks in our Solar system which if they hit 180 00:09:29,120 --> 00:09:32,000 Speaker 1: the Earth could do serious damage. Like the biggest rock 181 00:09:32,040 --> 00:09:36,360 Speaker 1: in the asteroid belt is nine and fifty kilometers across, 182 00:09:36,520 --> 00:09:40,920 Speaker 1: which is huge. It's enormous that's like what like Florida. 183 00:09:41,320 --> 00:09:43,280 Speaker 1: I don't know, but the one that killed the dinosaurs 184 00:09:43,320 --> 00:09:48,120 Speaker 1: was about ten kilometers across, so nine nine across. It's 185 00:09:48,120 --> 00:09:51,040 Speaker 1: like a planet buster. So there's definitely stuff in our 186 00:09:51,040 --> 00:09:54,480 Speaker 1: solar system which if it hit us, could do serious damage. 187 00:09:54,679 --> 00:09:57,360 Speaker 1: So maybe you're right that's a surprise to people. Yeah. Yeah, 188 00:09:57,640 --> 00:09:59,480 Speaker 1: it's like we're living with him. It's like a roommate 189 00:09:59,480 --> 00:10:02,760 Speaker 1: could kill you at any time, more like your neighbor. 190 00:10:02,840 --> 00:10:05,080 Speaker 1: But you know, that's sort of something we um were 191 00:10:05,080 --> 00:10:06,760 Speaker 1: accustomed to. You know, you just try not to look 192 00:10:06,760 --> 00:10:08,840 Speaker 1: in their windows too much and get too worried about it. 193 00:10:09,480 --> 00:10:11,400 Speaker 1: But yeah, you never know when your neighbor is going 194 00:10:11,440 --> 00:10:15,000 Speaker 1: to smash into you and cause an explosion the size 195 00:10:15,000 --> 00:10:21,880 Speaker 1: of a nuclear warhead. Yeah, let's talk about the the 196 00:10:22,080 --> 00:10:26,440 Speaker 1: spectacular grip stuff, like what's the probability of surviving an 197 00:10:26,520 --> 00:10:30,079 Speaker 1: asteroid hitting us? Right? Yeah, and that again depends entirely 198 00:10:30,120 --> 00:10:33,040 Speaker 1: on the size. For example, there are asteroids hitting the 199 00:10:33,080 --> 00:10:35,920 Speaker 1: Earth all the time, like things that are you know, 200 00:10:36,040 --> 00:10:38,840 Speaker 1: less than a meter in size. These rocks are hitting 201 00:10:38,840 --> 00:10:41,480 Speaker 1: the Earth all the time. Um, but the Earth is 202 00:10:41,480 --> 00:10:44,040 Speaker 1: big and these asteroids are small, and every time you 203 00:10:44,080 --> 00:10:46,120 Speaker 1: look up. It's in the night sky and you see 204 00:10:46,120 --> 00:10:48,679 Speaker 1: a shooting star that is a rock hitting the Earth. 205 00:10:49,240 --> 00:10:52,160 Speaker 1: Remember we have something like a windshield, right, we have 206 00:10:52,280 --> 00:10:55,800 Speaker 1: this this atmosphere which protects the Earth and it protects 207 00:10:55,880 --> 00:10:58,960 Speaker 1: us from various cosmic rays, but also from space rocks, 208 00:10:59,360 --> 00:11:02,000 Speaker 1: because what pens when a rock hits the atmosphere. It's 209 00:11:02,000 --> 00:11:04,560 Speaker 1: sort of like um, I don't know, like an elephant 210 00:11:04,640 --> 00:11:08,400 Speaker 1: hitting a water bed or something. Right, it's um it. 211 00:11:08,720 --> 00:11:11,920 Speaker 1: It impacts and it gets and it pushes the air 212 00:11:11,920 --> 00:11:14,199 Speaker 1: out of the way, but it gets heated up by 213 00:11:14,240 --> 00:11:17,000 Speaker 1: all that air. It's so fast that the air feels 214 00:11:17,000 --> 00:11:20,880 Speaker 1: like this, like this giant jet that trips it away, right, Yeah, 215 00:11:20,920 --> 00:11:23,240 Speaker 1: exactly like in all those movies when spaceships are re 216 00:11:23,440 --> 00:11:26,200 Speaker 1: entering atmosphere. That's because of all the friction from the 217 00:11:26,240 --> 00:11:29,720 Speaker 1: air on the spaceship. And spaceships usually have like nice 218 00:11:29,720 --> 00:11:32,760 Speaker 1: protection and fancy tiles or something that protect the astronauts 219 00:11:32,880 --> 00:11:35,240 Speaker 1: from from being burnt to a crisp. But a space 220 00:11:35,320 --> 00:11:37,400 Speaker 1: rock is just a rock and sometimes made of ice 221 00:11:37,480 --> 00:11:39,960 Speaker 1: or rubble or or whatever. It doesn't have that, and 222 00:11:40,000 --> 00:11:42,400 Speaker 1: so usually they've burned up in the atmosphere and that's 223 00:11:42,440 --> 00:11:45,080 Speaker 1: what shooting stars are. So we're constantly being hit by 224 00:11:45,200 --> 00:11:47,960 Speaker 1: very small ones which we couldn't have seen in advance 225 00:11:48,000 --> 00:11:50,160 Speaker 1: because they were too small. But they don't do any damage. 226 00:11:50,280 --> 00:11:56,120 Speaker 1: So air is good. Air is good. Um yeah. But 227 00:11:56,160 --> 00:11:59,079 Speaker 1: then about one every five years or so, you get 228 00:11:59,080 --> 00:12:02,520 Speaker 1: a rock that's like five meters in size. And the 229 00:12:02,679 --> 00:12:05,480 Speaker 1: rock five meters in size has a lot of kinetic 230 00:12:05,559 --> 00:12:08,040 Speaker 1: energy to it, right, it's been traveling through space for 231 00:12:08,080 --> 00:12:10,000 Speaker 1: a long time. By the time it hits the Earth, 232 00:12:10,000 --> 00:12:12,520 Speaker 1: that's been pulled them by a gravitational field. It has 233 00:12:12,559 --> 00:12:16,280 Speaker 1: about as much energy as the nuclear bomb that exploded 234 00:12:16,320 --> 00:12:19,000 Speaker 1: over Hiroshima. It's a lot of energy to a five 235 00:12:19,080 --> 00:12:22,720 Speaker 1: meter asteroid is about like the size of a mini 236 00:12:22,800 --> 00:12:26,040 Speaker 1: van or school bus. Yeah, yeah, it's about a school 237 00:12:26,040 --> 00:12:28,600 Speaker 1: bus and it blows up. And about once every five 238 00:12:28,679 --> 00:12:31,240 Speaker 1: years one of those hits the Earth and makes a 239 00:12:31,240 --> 00:12:34,040 Speaker 1: pretty spectacular explosion. Now, most of the Earth, of course, 240 00:12:34,120 --> 00:12:36,440 Speaker 1: is covered in water, and we're not like imaging all 241 00:12:36,520 --> 00:12:39,360 Speaker 1: the atmosphere simultaneously, and these things can happen in the 242 00:12:39,400 --> 00:12:41,839 Speaker 1: upper atmosphere. Because you might be thinking, hmmm, I think 243 00:12:41,880 --> 00:12:44,200 Speaker 1: i'd noticed if somebody blew up a nuclear bomb. Every 244 00:12:44,240 --> 00:12:47,120 Speaker 1: five years Um, but these kind of things can happen 245 00:12:47,120 --> 00:12:50,560 Speaker 1: and we don't necessarily notice them. Really, So five years 246 00:12:50,600 --> 00:12:54,320 Speaker 1: ago we had an Hiroshima style asteroid hit us. The 247 00:12:54,440 --> 00:12:57,640 Speaker 1: odds are that sometime in the last five years, Um, 248 00:12:57,679 --> 00:13:00,400 Speaker 1: there's a good chance that a pretty big hit the 249 00:13:00,400 --> 00:13:03,520 Speaker 1: atmosphere and burned up upon entry, leaving as much energy 250 00:13:03,920 --> 00:13:07,199 Speaker 1: as a Horrissima explosion. Yeah, and the energy isn't quite 251 00:13:07,240 --> 00:13:09,880 Speaker 1: as concentrated. It's not as as focused in one spot 252 00:13:10,040 --> 00:13:12,880 Speaker 1: as the Horosiam explosion. But yeah, I can leave a 253 00:13:12,880 --> 00:13:15,400 Speaker 1: substantial amount of energy, Like by the time it reaches 254 00:13:15,440 --> 00:13:18,559 Speaker 1: the ground or the ocean, it has that much energy. Yeah, 255 00:13:18,640 --> 00:13:21,439 Speaker 1: I think in order to reach the ground, it's that's 256 00:13:21,480 --> 00:13:25,080 Speaker 1: about the threshold, about five ms. And remember there was 257 00:13:25,080 --> 00:13:29,280 Speaker 1: a pretty big explosion over Russia in two thousand. Yeah, 258 00:13:29,480 --> 00:13:32,240 Speaker 1: I've seen the videos on YouTube. Yeah, everybody saw the videos. 259 00:13:32,240 --> 00:13:35,240 Speaker 1: It just happened like one morning, huge explosion in the sky, 260 00:13:35,559 --> 00:13:38,440 Speaker 1: like like an enormous bomb, and everybody was shocked and 261 00:13:38,520 --> 00:13:41,200 Speaker 1: like a thousand people, I think we're hurt. Um when 262 00:13:41,200 --> 00:13:44,400 Speaker 1: that happened, and nobody's eyes coming right like, Um, there 263 00:13:44,440 --> 00:13:46,760 Speaker 1: was no warning. The warning was when it appeared in 264 00:13:46,800 --> 00:13:49,600 Speaker 1: the atmosphere and it just blew up. And that's exactly 265 00:13:49,640 --> 00:13:51,360 Speaker 1: what happened. And I think a little bits of it 266 00:13:51,440 --> 00:13:53,480 Speaker 1: might have reached the ground, but mostly it exploded in 267 00:13:53,520 --> 00:13:56,600 Speaker 1: the atmosphere. Wow. So if it had been like twice 268 00:13:56,600 --> 00:14:01,440 Speaker 1: the size, somebody could have been hit by an asteroid. Yeah. Absolutely. Um. 269 00:14:01,480 --> 00:14:03,400 Speaker 1: And the bigger they get, the more dangerous they get. 270 00:14:03,559 --> 00:14:07,040 Speaker 1: You know, if it gets big enough, then it's you know, 271 00:14:07,080 --> 00:14:09,960 Speaker 1: it can it can explode the atmosphere and leave huge 272 00:14:10,040 --> 00:14:12,360 Speaker 1: clouds of dust and rubble and all sorts of stuff. 273 00:14:12,360 --> 00:14:14,200 Speaker 1: And it can when it hits the ground, it can 274 00:14:14,240 --> 00:14:16,760 Speaker 1: throw up enormous clouds of dust and rubble. And that's 275 00:14:16,800 --> 00:14:20,000 Speaker 1: where the danger really lies. Like not necessarily, even are 276 00:14:20,000 --> 00:14:23,440 Speaker 1: you actually hit by a rock, Like being actually physically 277 00:14:23,480 --> 00:14:26,160 Speaker 1: hit by the rock from space is a tiny fraction 278 00:14:26,200 --> 00:14:28,280 Speaker 1: of the danger. One of the real dangers is just 279 00:14:28,320 --> 00:14:32,080 Speaker 1: that it like covers the sun and causes you know, 280 00:14:32,320 --> 00:14:35,080 Speaker 1: I guess you. We call it like a environmental catastrophe, 281 00:14:35,960 --> 00:14:39,760 Speaker 1: an environmental catastrophe I was looking for, like asteroidal winter, 282 00:14:41,200 --> 00:14:45,320 Speaker 1: steroid winter after roidal winter. Yeah, we are coining new 283 00:14:45,360 --> 00:14:48,680 Speaker 1: science term. We have the toilet bowl universe and the 284 00:14:48,760 --> 00:14:56,680 Speaker 1: asteroidal winter you almost want to be hit by an 285 00:14:56,720 --> 00:14:59,840 Speaker 1: asteroid bargein know, so that you die instantly and you 286 00:15:00,000 --> 00:15:06,280 Speaker 1: don't die from this like agonizing post apocalyptic environmental disaster. Well, 287 00:15:06,320 --> 00:15:08,360 Speaker 1: I guess you can choose how you go. I mean, 288 00:15:08,480 --> 00:15:11,680 Speaker 1: if the asteroid hits the Earth and you get vaporized immediately, 289 00:15:11,720 --> 00:15:14,120 Speaker 1: like it just hits your city, huge explosions, you know, 290 00:15:14,440 --> 00:15:17,040 Speaker 1: the entire city is destroyed. Um you know, you can 291 00:15:17,080 --> 00:15:20,360 Speaker 1: make like a crater like a tho hundred kilometers wide 292 00:15:20,400 --> 00:15:22,760 Speaker 1: or something. You could die instantly, and you might prefer 293 00:15:22,840 --> 00:15:26,480 Speaker 1: that because what comes next is like a cold, long winter, 294 00:15:26,840 --> 00:15:29,320 Speaker 1: you know, where all the crops die and the only 295 00:15:29,320 --> 00:15:31,760 Speaker 1: people who stockpile a lot of lentils in their basements 296 00:15:31,840 --> 00:15:34,920 Speaker 1: or can survive. But also if it hits the water, 297 00:15:35,120 --> 00:15:37,360 Speaker 1: you have a whole other problem, which is like massive 298 00:15:37,400 --> 00:15:40,440 Speaker 1: tsunamis right, I mean, imagine go back to like our 299 00:15:40,520 --> 00:15:42,880 Speaker 1: space cow hitting in a water bed or I guess 300 00:15:42,920 --> 00:15:45,440 Speaker 1: we were talking an elephant or something like if a 301 00:15:45,480 --> 00:15:48,080 Speaker 1: big rock hits the ocean, you might think, oh great, 302 00:15:48,120 --> 00:15:50,440 Speaker 1: that's gonna absorb the impact. Well yeah, it's going to 303 00:15:50,520 --> 00:15:52,760 Speaker 1: absorb the impact, and it's gonna absorb in form of 304 00:15:52,760 --> 00:15:55,840 Speaker 1: a huge wave, right, Like, you know, a wave called 305 00:15:55,920 --> 00:15:59,400 Speaker 1: kilometer high could wash over the planet. It's crazy, but 306 00:15:59,440 --> 00:16:00,960 Speaker 1: it's sort of the ads on the size, right, So 307 00:16:01,000 --> 00:16:03,600 Speaker 1: we're getting pelted all the time by little ones. As 308 00:16:03,640 --> 00:16:05,720 Speaker 1: they get bigger, they get more and more dangerous, and 309 00:16:05,760 --> 00:16:08,720 Speaker 1: at some point it's like end of the world, that's right, 310 00:16:08,760 --> 00:16:11,240 Speaker 1: I think, Um, if they get big enough, then we're 311 00:16:11,280 --> 00:16:15,600 Speaker 1: talking planet killers. You know, something that starts off supervolcanoes, 312 00:16:15,640 --> 00:16:18,600 Speaker 1: you know, like rips open the Earth's crust and releases 313 00:16:19,000 --> 00:16:20,960 Speaker 1: you know, the magma and the lava that's underneath. And 314 00:16:20,960 --> 00:16:25,040 Speaker 1: we're talking about not just tsunamis and not just earthquakes, 315 00:16:25,040 --> 00:16:27,760 Speaker 1: and not just the sky full of dust, but also 316 00:16:28,360 --> 00:16:32,360 Speaker 1: massive oceans of lava covering the ground. And so that's 317 00:16:32,400 --> 00:16:35,440 Speaker 1: that's pretty serious stuff. But you know that's unlikely that 318 00:16:35,440 --> 00:16:38,240 Speaker 1: that requires a really really big rock, you know, And 319 00:16:38,280 --> 00:16:40,640 Speaker 1: I looked up some numbers here also in like a 320 00:16:40,760 --> 00:16:45,600 Speaker 1: five kilometer wide rock carries a hundred zetta jewels. That's 321 00:16:45,640 --> 00:16:49,480 Speaker 1: ten to the twenty three jewels, all right, And so 322 00:16:49,600 --> 00:16:52,040 Speaker 1: for comparison, is that a lot. That's a lot Like 323 00:16:52,080 --> 00:16:55,400 Speaker 1: an average American uses about ten to the eleven jewels 324 00:16:55,520 --> 00:16:58,680 Speaker 1: in a year. And all of humanity uses like ten 325 00:16:58,800 --> 00:17:01,800 Speaker 1: to the twenty jewels in one year, so that one 326 00:17:01,880 --> 00:17:05,879 Speaker 1: collision carries like a thousand years worth of energy for humanity. 327 00:17:06,000 --> 00:17:08,480 Speaker 1: So it's a huge amount of energy in a big 328 00:17:08,520 --> 00:17:11,680 Speaker 1: collision like that. But again, remember the really big ones 329 00:17:11,720 --> 00:17:14,480 Speaker 1: are rare, like they estimate, for example, that a rock 330 00:17:14,600 --> 00:17:17,920 Speaker 1: five thousand meters, why that's what we're talking about here, 331 00:17:18,240 --> 00:17:21,879 Speaker 1: is like every twenty million years or so, but we 332 00:17:21,920 --> 00:17:26,119 Speaker 1: could be at the end of that lifespan. So so 333 00:17:26,160 --> 00:17:28,760 Speaker 1: that's the thing. It's like, there's rocks of all kinds 334 00:17:28,760 --> 00:17:31,639 Speaker 1: of sizes out there, from little ones, big ones, and 335 00:17:31,680 --> 00:17:34,520 Speaker 1: the bigger they are, the less likely we are to 336 00:17:34,560 --> 00:17:38,080 Speaker 1: get the less common they are, but the more destructive 337 00:17:38,119 --> 00:17:40,040 Speaker 1: they are. That's exactly right. So it's kind of like 338 00:17:40,080 --> 00:17:45,119 Speaker 1: this this they this kind of this kind of opposing curves, 339 00:17:45,160 --> 00:17:49,680 Speaker 1: you know, like bigger but less likely, but more dangerous. 340 00:17:49,720 --> 00:17:52,359 Speaker 1: That's right. Bigger is less common, but more dangerous. It's 341 00:17:52,400 --> 00:17:55,200 Speaker 1: absolutely true. And there's another piece of good news, which 342 00:17:55,280 --> 00:17:57,200 Speaker 1: is the bigger they are, the more likely we are 343 00:17:57,280 --> 00:18:00,200 Speaker 1: to see them right and to spot them, which means 344 00:18:00,200 --> 00:18:02,600 Speaker 1: we might have some idea about whether whether they're coming 345 00:18:02,720 --> 00:18:07,920 Speaker 1: or not. Well, Yeah, let's talk about that, like how 346 00:18:07,960 --> 00:18:11,879 Speaker 1: do we see them? And like what's NASA doing about it? 347 00:18:11,920 --> 00:18:14,399 Speaker 1: People seem to have all these great confidence in scientists 348 00:18:14,960 --> 00:18:16,920 Speaker 1: and I'm going to lay it all on NASA. I 349 00:18:16,960 --> 00:18:18,800 Speaker 1: have a lot of friends in NASA, So, um, you 350 00:18:18,840 --> 00:18:21,239 Speaker 1: guys are awesome. So we like, what are they doing 351 00:18:21,280 --> 00:18:23,119 Speaker 1: about it? How do they see them? Yeah? They have 352 00:18:23,160 --> 00:18:25,480 Speaker 1: a dedicated team that's talk that they're called like the 353 00:18:25,480 --> 00:18:29,880 Speaker 1: Planetary Defense Force or something. And are they really call that? Yeah? 354 00:18:29,920 --> 00:18:34,120 Speaker 1: I think so, the Near Earth Objects Planetary Defense Team. 355 00:18:34,160 --> 00:18:37,920 Speaker 1: Are they called the Near Earth Objects Group? Yeah? Near 356 00:18:38,119 --> 00:18:41,680 Speaker 1: Near Earth Onjens is what they study. And they basically 357 00:18:41,720 --> 00:18:45,000 Speaker 1: just use telescopes and they scan the sky um and 358 00:18:45,160 --> 00:18:47,920 Speaker 1: they look for rocks. And you have to spot these 359 00:18:47,960 --> 00:18:50,560 Speaker 1: things at the right time when the sun is reflecting 360 00:18:50,600 --> 00:18:52,400 Speaker 1: off of them so that we can see them on Earth, 361 00:18:52,440 --> 00:18:55,439 Speaker 1: because they don't glow right there dark rocks, and and 362 00:18:55,480 --> 00:18:58,480 Speaker 1: the rocks respond differently lights. Some of them respond um 363 00:18:58,480 --> 00:19:00,040 Speaker 1: in this kind of lighting condition that kind of in 364 00:19:00,200 --> 00:19:02,600 Speaker 1: conditions different brightness. So you basically just have to pay 365 00:19:02,640 --> 00:19:05,639 Speaker 1: attention all the time and notice one. And if you 366 00:19:05,720 --> 00:19:08,240 Speaker 1: get a few pictures of it, the more pictures of 367 00:19:08,280 --> 00:19:10,399 Speaker 1: it you can get. The more you can, you can 368 00:19:10,440 --> 00:19:13,199 Speaker 1: know its size and its direction. And if you know 369 00:19:13,280 --> 00:19:15,880 Speaker 1: it's size and its direction, then you can plot its 370 00:19:15,920 --> 00:19:18,080 Speaker 1: course into the future. You can say, oh, I think 371 00:19:18,119 --> 00:19:20,680 Speaker 1: I know where this rock is in, which direction it's going, 372 00:19:21,000 --> 00:19:23,320 Speaker 1: and like which orbit it's in. Right. Yeah, you can 373 00:19:23,359 --> 00:19:25,960 Speaker 1: use my model of the Solar system and understand where 374 00:19:25,960 --> 00:19:27,439 Speaker 1: it's going to be and where we're going to be, 375 00:19:28,000 --> 00:19:30,520 Speaker 1: and then they can project forward. And the more measurements 376 00:19:30,520 --> 00:19:33,679 Speaker 1: they have, the tighter that band of uncertainty is, like, 377 00:19:33,720 --> 00:19:36,320 Speaker 1: the tighter their projection is for where that rock is 378 00:19:36,359 --> 00:19:39,920 Speaker 1: going to be over the next year or decade or 379 00:19:40,040 --> 00:19:42,879 Speaker 1: or century, And they can plot Earth's movements and they 380 00:19:42,880 --> 00:19:45,119 Speaker 1: can say whether or not we're in the clear or not. 381 00:19:45,240 --> 00:19:49,080 Speaker 1: So it all comes down to NASA sky scanning the 382 00:19:49,119 --> 00:19:52,000 Speaker 1: sky with their telescopes looking for these rocks and hoping 383 00:19:52,040 --> 00:19:53,760 Speaker 1: to spot one. So they see like a bright thought 384 00:19:53,920 --> 00:19:56,159 Speaker 1: moving in the sky, and they can maybe if you 385 00:19:56,200 --> 00:19:58,919 Speaker 1: take several measurements, you can see a curving or a 386 00:19:58,960 --> 00:20:01,240 Speaker 1: going to certain speed, so you can tell sort of 387 00:20:01,320 --> 00:20:04,720 Speaker 1: from from that you can tell kind of what the 388 00:20:04,720 --> 00:20:07,120 Speaker 1: trajectory around the Sun is. Yeah, and they've been doing 389 00:20:07,119 --> 00:20:08,920 Speaker 1: this for a few decades, and so they've seen these 390 00:20:09,000 --> 00:20:11,719 Speaker 1: rocks go around the Sun a few times, and they 391 00:20:11,760 --> 00:20:14,200 Speaker 1: get better and better measurements, and so they can make 392 00:20:14,200 --> 00:20:17,760 Speaker 1: better and better predictions. And that's why it's it's easier 393 00:20:17,800 --> 00:20:19,800 Speaker 1: to see the big ones, right, because they reflect more 394 00:20:19,880 --> 00:20:21,840 Speaker 1: light and they're just easier to spot. So it's good 395 00:20:22,240 --> 00:20:24,240 Speaker 1: that the big ones, the more dangerous ones, are the 396 00:20:24,280 --> 00:20:26,960 Speaker 1: easiest ones to see. It'd be it'd be scary if 397 00:20:26,960 --> 00:20:30,280 Speaker 1: the smaller ones were dangerous because they're basically invisible. Right. 398 00:20:30,359 --> 00:20:34,199 Speaker 1: So that's like the planetary defense strategy, right, it's just 399 00:20:34,240 --> 00:20:39,240 Speaker 1: like look out, try to spot them before they hit us. Yeah, 400 00:20:39,240 --> 00:20:41,919 Speaker 1: Step number one is figure out is one going to 401 00:20:42,040 --> 00:20:44,840 Speaker 1: hit us? And at this point they've looked out in 402 00:20:44,920 --> 00:20:47,119 Speaker 1: the Solar system. They've been watching for a while, and 403 00:20:47,160 --> 00:20:49,920 Speaker 1: they're pretty confident that they've seen all the ones that 404 00:20:50,000 --> 00:20:52,760 Speaker 1: pose really any danger, all the ones that could do 405 00:20:52,840 --> 00:20:55,040 Speaker 1: really any danger to the planet or to a significant 406 00:20:55,080 --> 00:20:58,840 Speaker 1: civilian population, all the ones above kilometer in size, for example. 407 00:20:58,920 --> 00:21:01,200 Speaker 1: They think they know all of the all of our 408 00:21:01,240 --> 00:21:03,600 Speaker 1: neighbors that could kill is we think we sort of 409 00:21:03,760 --> 00:21:05,800 Speaker 1: have a check on that. Yeah, they think they've seen 410 00:21:06,160 --> 00:21:08,040 Speaker 1: like a registry of it. Yeah, but you know, there 411 00:21:08,080 --> 00:21:10,479 Speaker 1: could always be one hiding. Like they've only seen what 412 00:21:10,520 --> 00:21:13,520 Speaker 1: they've seen. They by definition haven't seen what they haven't seen. 413 00:21:14,040 --> 00:21:16,960 Speaker 1: They can say, well, we've been looking at and so 414 00:21:17,119 --> 00:21:19,000 Speaker 1: if it had been there, we probably would have seen it. 415 00:21:19,040 --> 00:21:21,600 Speaker 1: But you know that could it only takes one, right, 416 00:21:21,640 --> 00:21:24,480 Speaker 1: it only takes one to break their their model of 417 00:21:24,600 --> 00:21:28,439 Speaker 1: how they should be seeing these things and be hiding somehow. Um. 418 00:21:28,480 --> 00:21:30,680 Speaker 1: But yeah, they've seen all those big ones and they've 419 00:21:30,680 --> 00:21:34,239 Speaker 1: plotted those trajectories and they're pretty confident that in the 420 00:21:34,280 --> 00:21:37,320 Speaker 1: next hundred years at least none of those big neighbors 421 00:21:37,320 --> 00:21:39,320 Speaker 1: are going to hit us. Yeah, I've seen those plots 422 00:21:39,320 --> 00:21:42,199 Speaker 1: that they're crazy. They're like a picture of the Solar system, 423 00:21:42,280 --> 00:21:44,440 Speaker 1: and so we're we're on this orbit around the Sun. 424 00:21:45,080 --> 00:21:48,280 Speaker 1: But then there's like hundreds of rocks right there. They 425 00:21:48,320 --> 00:21:50,280 Speaker 1: have to keep track of their orbits, so it's like 426 00:21:50,320 --> 00:21:53,280 Speaker 1: a it's like a huge mess this model. Right, it's 427 00:21:53,280 --> 00:21:55,919 Speaker 1: like our orbit, but then like the orbits of like 428 00:21:55,920 --> 00:22:01,080 Speaker 1: a hundred things going in all kinds of elliptical shapes 429 00:22:01,160 --> 00:22:04,480 Speaker 1: and hopefully none we don't intersect one of those ellipses, right, 430 00:22:04,520 --> 00:22:07,159 Speaker 1: that's right. Yeah. And the thing to understand also is 431 00:22:07,160 --> 00:22:10,000 Speaker 1: that the system is a little chaotic. Right. As we said, 432 00:22:10,040 --> 00:22:12,520 Speaker 1: we've been driving around this toilet bowl for billions of 433 00:22:12,600 --> 00:22:15,680 Speaker 1: years and things were mostly stable. But if some rock 434 00:22:15,800 --> 00:22:18,359 Speaker 1: comes from outer space, you know, from deepen, away from 435 00:22:18,359 --> 00:22:21,199 Speaker 1: the Solar system, and gives just a little nudge to 436 00:22:21,320 --> 00:22:23,800 Speaker 1: what to some other rock, that rock could bump into 437 00:22:24,880 --> 00:22:27,480 Speaker 1: gravitation don't even have to bump, just like affect the 438 00:22:27,560 --> 00:22:30,080 Speaker 1: orbits of one thing, that could affect the orit of 439 00:22:30,119 --> 00:22:32,280 Speaker 1: another thing, which affects the ord of another thing. And 440 00:22:32,320 --> 00:22:35,960 Speaker 1: this could you know, cascade and cause like a pilot basically, 441 00:22:36,160 --> 00:22:38,040 Speaker 1: which could knock one of these things out of orbit, 442 00:22:38,359 --> 00:22:40,600 Speaker 1: and you know, then you could change its trajectory. So 443 00:22:40,640 --> 00:22:43,400 Speaker 1: it's it's a difficult problem from a sort of chaos 444 00:22:43,440 --> 00:22:46,480 Speaker 1: theory point of view that a little perturbation could totally 445 00:22:46,600 --> 00:22:48,680 Speaker 1: change the answer. Yeah, let's talk about that a little 446 00:22:48,680 --> 00:23:01,840 Speaker 1: bit more. But first quick break. So you have to 447 00:23:01,960 --> 00:23:04,639 Speaker 1: keep looking and keep updating your model. That's right. You 448 00:23:04,640 --> 00:23:06,960 Speaker 1: have to keep looking at YEP, updating your model, and 449 00:23:07,080 --> 00:23:09,400 Speaker 1: you have to be aware that there are definitely things 450 00:23:09,400 --> 00:23:11,200 Speaker 1: that are not in your model, right, There are things 451 00:23:11,200 --> 00:23:14,040 Speaker 1: that you haven't seen, And so you're right that, like 452 00:23:14,359 --> 00:23:16,040 Speaker 1: there's a lot of stuff in the asteroid belt and 453 00:23:16,040 --> 00:23:18,359 Speaker 1: we've seen most of it. And I think that they 454 00:23:18,720 --> 00:23:21,280 Speaker 1: the guys and gals that NASA are pretty confident that 455 00:23:21,320 --> 00:23:23,640 Speaker 1: they've seen those things. But then you have to worry 456 00:23:23,680 --> 00:23:28,400 Speaker 1: about things like comets, right comments that's something different. Yeah, 457 00:23:28,440 --> 00:23:31,280 Speaker 1: that's something different, and it's part of our solar system. 458 00:23:31,359 --> 00:23:34,479 Speaker 1: But some of these things have really long periods, like 459 00:23:34,520 --> 00:23:38,000 Speaker 1: really long orbits, like a hundred years or two hundred years, 460 00:23:38,560 --> 00:23:41,320 Speaker 1: which means they could be on a trajectory to hit 461 00:23:41,359 --> 00:23:44,440 Speaker 1: the Earth in fifty years. But we just wouldn't see 462 00:23:44,440 --> 00:23:46,359 Speaker 1: them right now because they're so far out there and 463 00:23:46,400 --> 00:23:50,040 Speaker 1: they've never come by the Earth while we've had astronomy, 464 00:23:50,119 --> 00:23:51,880 Speaker 1: I mean, we've only been looking at the sky for 465 00:23:52,359 --> 00:23:54,520 Speaker 1: you know, a few hundred years. We've only had modern 466 00:23:54,560 --> 00:23:58,880 Speaker 1: telescopes for decades. So if there's a planet killer out 467 00:23:58,880 --> 00:24:01,320 Speaker 1: there that's headed towards Earth and just hasn't come by 468 00:24:01,400 --> 00:24:04,680 Speaker 1: in the last you know, said seven decades or so, 469 00:24:05,040 --> 00:24:06,920 Speaker 1: we might not have seen it. So we'll only see 470 00:24:06,920 --> 00:24:10,080 Speaker 1: it when it's closer to us. Yeah, and you might think, 471 00:24:10,080 --> 00:24:13,280 Speaker 1: well that seems improbable, Like I just invented that story, right, 472 00:24:13,440 --> 00:24:15,879 Speaker 1: but it actually happened once, and it happened only like 473 00:24:16,080 --> 00:24:18,479 Speaker 1: was it twenty five years ago? It happened that. Then 474 00:24:18,640 --> 00:24:21,280 Speaker 1: the comet came into our solar system out of the blue, yes, 475 00:24:21,359 --> 00:24:23,440 Speaker 1: and smashed into a planet out of the black, out 476 00:24:23,440 --> 00:24:25,520 Speaker 1: of the black. That's where I oh, I like that. 477 00:24:25,520 --> 00:24:30,240 Speaker 1: That's an awesome title for a book. Out of the Black. Um. Yeah, 478 00:24:30,320 --> 00:24:34,000 Speaker 1: comet Shoemaker Levy came out of the black and whizzed 479 00:24:34,080 --> 00:24:36,600 Speaker 1: and whizzed into the Solar system very high speed. And 480 00:24:36,600 --> 00:24:39,000 Speaker 1: the other thing is these comets are moving really fast. 481 00:24:39,080 --> 00:24:41,040 Speaker 1: By the time they come close to the Sun, they're 482 00:24:41,040 --> 00:24:43,960 Speaker 1: going much much faster than any asteroid. And it came in, 483 00:24:44,040 --> 00:24:46,240 Speaker 1: it whizzed around the Sun, and it actually got broken 484 00:24:46,320 --> 00:24:48,800 Speaker 1: up by title forces into a bunch of like twenty 485 00:24:48,880 --> 00:24:53,080 Speaker 1: three pieces. And this is really awesome because we could 486 00:24:53,080 --> 00:24:55,000 Speaker 1: see that it was going to hit Jupiter, you know, 487 00:24:55,160 --> 00:24:57,320 Speaker 1: months and weeks before it happened. Like they saw coming 488 00:24:57,320 --> 00:25:00,520 Speaker 1: into the Solar system, they recognized it, they plotted trajectory. 489 00:25:00,480 --> 00:25:04,720 Speaker 1: They're like, wow, it's going to hit Jupiter. Awesome. So 490 00:25:04,840 --> 00:25:08,720 Speaker 1: nobody thought like, hey, maybe we should warn potential people 491 00:25:08,800 --> 00:25:11,440 Speaker 1: in Jupiter instead of like, hey, let's make some popcorn 492 00:25:11,520 --> 00:25:13,840 Speaker 1: and less is awesome exposure. What are we gonna do? 493 00:25:14,040 --> 00:25:18,119 Speaker 1: What are gonna sending a message like watch out duck 494 00:25:19,040 --> 00:25:25,000 Speaker 1: for The amazing thing was that it broke into twenty 495 00:25:25,040 --> 00:25:27,199 Speaker 1: three pieces because and which means that we got to 496 00:25:27,240 --> 00:25:31,919 Speaker 1: see twenty three different impacts comment onto Jupiter. And the 497 00:25:31,920 --> 00:25:34,600 Speaker 1: thing is, it's like space is big, right, So, like 498 00:25:34,680 --> 00:25:39,440 Speaker 1: you think it was impossibly improbable that this thing would 499 00:25:39,480 --> 00:25:42,680 Speaker 1: come out of the blue and hit a moving planet 500 00:25:42,720 --> 00:25:45,560 Speaker 1: that's moving pretty fast around the Sun, but it actually happened. 501 00:25:45,600 --> 00:25:48,719 Speaker 1: It actually happened. Yeah, And Jupiter is not a small target, right, 502 00:25:48,720 --> 00:25:51,080 Speaker 1: and it has a lot of gravity and so you 503 00:25:51,200 --> 00:25:54,000 Speaker 1: don't have to get that close before Jupiter like sucks 504 00:25:54,040 --> 00:25:56,760 Speaker 1: you in. And uh, and that's how it got so big, right, 505 00:25:56,800 --> 00:26:00,040 Speaker 1: accumulated stuff by pulling it in. But there's something I 506 00:26:00,080 --> 00:26:02,760 Speaker 1: love about the Shoemaker Levee story. First of all this 507 00:26:03,040 --> 00:26:05,720 Speaker 1: amazing stuff, like each of the impacts when it hit 508 00:26:06,080 --> 00:26:10,879 Speaker 1: created a fireball bigger than the Earth, like wow, and 509 00:26:10,880 --> 00:26:13,040 Speaker 1: we could see it from here, Like I remember watching 510 00:26:13,040 --> 00:26:15,199 Speaker 1: this through telescopes. You could see the impact in these 511 00:26:15,320 --> 00:26:18,879 Speaker 1: enormous fireballs. Really, you were like paying attention because I 512 00:26:18,880 --> 00:26:23,080 Speaker 1: don't remember this happening. What um, but you were you 513 00:26:23,080 --> 00:26:25,520 Speaker 1: were near a telescope watching like a feed. Yeah, I 514 00:26:25,560 --> 00:26:28,959 Speaker 1: was a nerd in high school and h telescope? Are 515 00:26:28,960 --> 00:26:33,160 Speaker 1: you really? Absolutely? I know, I'm so cool now, right. 516 00:26:33,400 --> 00:26:37,040 Speaker 1: That's why it's so difficult for you to imagine. I 517 00:26:37,080 --> 00:26:39,320 Speaker 1: was totally a nerd in high school and we had 518 00:26:39,359 --> 00:26:42,199 Speaker 1: these telescopes and everybody around the world was watching. It 519 00:26:42,240 --> 00:26:45,600 Speaker 1: was a fascinating like I thought the whole earth was transfixed. 520 00:26:45,600 --> 00:26:51,040 Speaker 1: You know, apparently everybody but Jorge was paying attention I had. 521 00:26:51,600 --> 00:26:54,960 Speaker 1: I was interested in other things in high school. Well, 522 00:26:55,000 --> 00:26:58,480 Speaker 1: they the guys and girls in NASA named the bits 523 00:26:58,480 --> 00:27:00,240 Speaker 1: of the common They named at the A E the 524 00:27:00,320 --> 00:27:03,000 Speaker 1: C pieces right there, and then they started a hit 525 00:27:03,400 --> 00:27:05,639 Speaker 1: and you know, the first one hit Jupiter and they 526 00:27:05,680 --> 00:27:08,360 Speaker 1: called it the A spot like where the A hit, 527 00:27:08,560 --> 00:27:11,320 Speaker 1: and then the B B spot right, and they got 528 00:27:11,320 --> 00:27:13,320 Speaker 1: all the way up to you know, the F spot, 529 00:27:13,600 --> 00:27:17,440 Speaker 1: and then they were like, uh oops. And so they 530 00:27:17,440 --> 00:27:20,280 Speaker 1: had the F spot and then the G impact site right, 531 00:27:20,320 --> 00:27:23,880 Speaker 1: and then the H spot. And it's funny because that 532 00:27:23,880 --> 00:27:28,360 Speaker 1: that the G spot is kind of it probably sort 533 00:27:28,400 --> 00:27:33,040 Speaker 1: it only came about not that long before the eighties, right, Yeah, 534 00:27:33,080 --> 00:27:35,679 Speaker 1: I think that was a cultural thing, and as so 535 00:27:35,720 --> 00:27:40,280 Speaker 1: it's sort of cosmically cultural space based and also human based. 536 00:27:40,920 --> 00:27:43,959 Speaker 1: But the lesson there is not that you know, Jupiter 537 00:27:44,040 --> 00:27:45,640 Speaker 1: has a g spot that we should all search out. 538 00:27:45,680 --> 00:27:48,280 Speaker 1: But the lesson is that these things happen, and if 539 00:27:48,280 --> 00:27:50,760 Speaker 1: it happened in the last thirty years, that means it's 540 00:27:50,800 --> 00:27:53,240 Speaker 1: not that unlikely it could happen again. Right, So we 541 00:27:53,280 --> 00:27:56,080 Speaker 1: should be on the lookout for comments. It's good the 542 00:27:56,200 --> 00:27:58,320 Speaker 1: NASA has been looking at asteroids, but comments are a 543 00:27:58,400 --> 00:28:02,200 Speaker 1: real danger to keep fun NASA, keep funding NASA. Right, 544 00:28:02,280 --> 00:28:04,440 Speaker 1: So the question it should really be is not is 545 00:28:04,480 --> 00:28:06,520 Speaker 1: an answeryd going to kill us? All? It's like, is 546 00:28:06,560 --> 00:28:09,359 Speaker 1: a comment going to kill Saul? Yeah? Yeah, absolutely, is 547 00:28:09,400 --> 00:28:11,040 Speaker 1: a common going to kill us? Aul? Is a fair 548 00:28:11,160 --> 00:28:13,760 Speaker 1: question that we don't know the answer too, because we 549 00:28:13,800 --> 00:28:15,959 Speaker 1: can't possibly see all the comments because some of them 550 00:28:15,960 --> 00:28:18,880 Speaker 1: are so far away and uh okay, and we haven't 551 00:28:18,880 --> 00:28:20,960 Speaker 1: seen them in a while. Yeah. Well, so now that 552 00:28:20,960 --> 00:28:24,399 Speaker 1: I'm concerned, um, what can we do? You know, people 553 00:28:24,400 --> 00:28:29,359 Speaker 1: seem very confident about scientists. We've all seen um Urmageddon, 554 00:28:29,520 --> 00:28:33,280 Speaker 1: and we've seen Bruce willis deflect an as steroid for us. 555 00:28:33,560 --> 00:28:35,640 Speaker 1: What can we actually do is like is that for real? 556 00:28:36,080 --> 00:28:38,120 Speaker 1: Will you just sit back, drink your coffee and watch 557 00:28:38,240 --> 00:28:40,040 Speaker 1: the people and ask it go to work? Right? You know, 558 00:28:40,120 --> 00:28:41,960 Speaker 1: just wait for that musical montage and then you get 559 00:28:42,000 --> 00:28:46,040 Speaker 1: your solution. Um. Yeah, the short answer to the duct 560 00:28:46,040 --> 00:28:50,200 Speaker 1: tape and duct tape and like, uh, spare parts. Yeah, 561 00:28:50,200 --> 00:28:51,800 Speaker 1: you gotta push up your glasses, up your nose a 562 00:28:51,840 --> 00:28:54,800 Speaker 1: few times, and you know, then you get to the answer. Um. 563 00:28:55,000 --> 00:28:57,280 Speaker 1: The short version of the answer is the earlier you 564 00:28:57,320 --> 00:28:59,800 Speaker 1: see it, the better. Like you're much better off seeing 565 00:28:59,840 --> 00:29:01,120 Speaker 1: some thing which is going to hit the earth in 566 00:29:01,160 --> 00:29:03,440 Speaker 1: six months or a year then something that's going to 567 00:29:03,520 --> 00:29:06,480 Speaker 1: hit the earth next week. Um. And the reason is 568 00:29:06,520 --> 00:29:09,160 Speaker 1: that you have two options. Really, one is deflect and 569 00:29:09,200 --> 00:29:12,840 Speaker 1: the other is destroy. Deflect or destroy deflectors are the 570 00:29:12,840 --> 00:29:16,400 Speaker 1: two options if we know something's coming at is we 571 00:29:16,440 --> 00:29:19,320 Speaker 1: can deflect the destroy right. We're coming up with great 572 00:29:19,360 --> 00:29:21,880 Speaker 1: titles for science fiction novels. We have into the black, 573 00:29:22,200 --> 00:29:26,960 Speaker 1: deflect or destroy right. The idea behind deflect is these 574 00:29:26,960 --> 00:29:29,160 Speaker 1: things are traveling really fast and the Earth is also 575 00:29:29,160 --> 00:29:31,440 Speaker 1: moving really fast, So if you could just nudge it 576 00:29:31,520 --> 00:29:34,600 Speaker 1: a tiny bit, like a year in advance, it would 577 00:29:34,600 --> 00:29:37,240 Speaker 1: totally change its trajectory and you can miss the Earth 578 00:29:37,280 --> 00:29:39,320 Speaker 1: by a few minutes. And that's all it takes, right, 579 00:29:39,400 --> 00:29:42,480 Speaker 1: just has to fly by instead of smacking into us. 580 00:29:42,800 --> 00:29:45,000 Speaker 1: Earth is not that easy a target to hit. It's 581 00:29:45,000 --> 00:29:48,520 Speaker 1: like threading a putting a thread through a needle. Yeah, 582 00:29:48,560 --> 00:29:51,280 Speaker 1: it's like it's such a small thing so that if 583 00:29:51,280 --> 00:29:52,880 Speaker 1: you can make it go off a little bit, it 584 00:29:52,920 --> 00:29:55,920 Speaker 1: will totally miss the eye of the needle. Yeah. It's 585 00:29:55,960 --> 00:29:58,800 Speaker 1: like a sniper shooting a thread through a needle from 586 00:29:58,840 --> 00:30:02,480 Speaker 1: a mile away. Um, and if somebody pushes him very 587 00:30:02,520 --> 00:30:05,680 Speaker 1: slightly or nudges the tip of his rifle, then he's 588 00:30:05,680 --> 00:30:08,200 Speaker 1: gonna miss. And so if you can spot this thing 589 00:30:08,280 --> 00:30:11,320 Speaker 1: a long time in advance and somehow deflect it, then 590 00:30:11,360 --> 00:30:13,040 Speaker 1: you could be safe. But you know, how are you 591 00:30:13,040 --> 00:30:15,480 Speaker 1: going to do that? So how would you do that? Yeah? Yeah, 592 00:30:15,600 --> 00:30:18,480 Speaker 1: you'd have to build a rocket to go up there 593 00:30:18,520 --> 00:30:21,320 Speaker 1: and visit it somehow. One thing you could do is, 594 00:30:21,560 --> 00:30:23,880 Speaker 1: you know, just bump into it, like send something which 595 00:30:24,000 --> 00:30:27,240 Speaker 1: literally bumps into it and deflects it. Another thing you 596 00:30:27,280 --> 00:30:30,040 Speaker 1: could do, it's called a gravity tractor, which is an awesome. 597 00:30:30,120 --> 00:30:32,560 Speaker 1: Name is you just send something up there which hangs 598 00:30:32,560 --> 00:30:35,920 Speaker 1: out next to it, and it's gravity gently pulls on 599 00:30:35,960 --> 00:30:38,160 Speaker 1: it over a long period of time, a few weeks 600 00:30:38,240 --> 00:30:43,120 Speaker 1: or months. It changes its trajectory. Yeah, like like hey, 601 00:30:43,160 --> 00:30:51,360 Speaker 1: what's up standing next to you? Give me cam? Yeah 602 00:30:51,680 --> 00:30:55,400 Speaker 1: that's yeah. So those who deflect, you know, sometimes you 603 00:30:55,440 --> 00:30:57,400 Speaker 1: could change its trajectory a little bit. You could save 604 00:30:57,440 --> 00:31:00,080 Speaker 1: are all of our lives, Okay, but you have to 605 00:31:00,160 --> 00:31:02,840 Speaker 1: know way in advance, like you have to see it coming, yeah, 606 00:31:02,920 --> 00:31:04,239 Speaker 1: and you have to be able to get there. And 607 00:31:04,240 --> 00:31:06,720 Speaker 1: we don't have great technology there. I mean, we have 608 00:31:06,800 --> 00:31:09,560 Speaker 1: pretty slow rockets. It would take a long time to 609 00:31:09,600 --> 00:31:12,320 Speaker 1: get something to Mars, for example, and so to get 610 00:31:12,360 --> 00:31:14,400 Speaker 1: something to like Jupiter, even if you see it coming, 611 00:31:14,800 --> 00:31:17,520 Speaker 1: we need much much faster rockets, and so people have 612 00:31:17,600 --> 00:31:20,240 Speaker 1: ideas for you know, like plasma based rockets. It could 613 00:31:20,240 --> 00:31:22,560 Speaker 1: be much faster to deflect this stuff. But we don't 614 00:31:22,560 --> 00:31:25,560 Speaker 1: have the technology. Like if we saw tomorrow a comment 615 00:31:25,640 --> 00:31:26,800 Speaker 1: that was going to hit the Earth in a year, 616 00:31:27,080 --> 00:31:29,960 Speaker 1: we're not like ready to launch with some awesome rocket 617 00:31:30,040 --> 00:31:31,720 Speaker 1: that could do this. It would take us years to 618 00:31:31,760 --> 00:31:34,520 Speaker 1: develop that Rocket's just not a priority right now. That's option. 619 00:31:34,640 --> 00:31:38,480 Speaker 1: A deflected option is destroyed destroy it right. So you think, 620 00:31:38,480 --> 00:31:40,720 Speaker 1: I'll just send up a nuke, right, Um, But what 621 00:31:40,840 --> 00:31:44,040 Speaker 1: happens if you're if the asteroid of the comment is 622 00:31:44,080 --> 00:31:46,640 Speaker 1: like about to hit the Earth like tomorrow, and you 623 00:31:46,640 --> 00:31:48,640 Speaker 1: send up a nuke to blow it up, Well, you're 624 00:31:48,680 --> 00:31:51,680 Speaker 1: just going to create like a thousand tiny bombs instead 625 00:31:51,680 --> 00:31:54,560 Speaker 1: of one huge bomb, right, And that's how a thousand 626 00:31:54,680 --> 00:31:58,440 Speaker 1: radioactive tiny babs. It doesn't really help you because it 627 00:31:58,520 --> 00:32:01,840 Speaker 1: still delivers all that enter onto the Earth. So you 628 00:32:01,920 --> 00:32:04,240 Speaker 1: have to blow it up far enough in advance that 629 00:32:04,440 --> 00:32:06,680 Speaker 1: then the pieces are going to miss the Earth. And 630 00:32:06,720 --> 00:32:09,000 Speaker 1: also it depends on like what is it made out of. 631 00:32:09,440 --> 00:32:12,200 Speaker 1: Is it a loosely held ball of rubble, in which 632 00:32:12,200 --> 00:32:14,840 Speaker 1: case blowing it up doesn't really change very much, or 633 00:32:14,920 --> 00:32:17,600 Speaker 1: is it a tightly bound rock, in which case blowing 634 00:32:17,600 --> 00:32:19,720 Speaker 1: it up could fracture it. And then you get two rocks, 635 00:32:19,800 --> 00:32:22,800 Speaker 1: each of which passed just on the side of the Earth. Like, 636 00:32:22,880 --> 00:32:25,720 Speaker 1: it depends a lot of those details. Do you have 637 00:32:25,800 --> 00:32:27,840 Speaker 1: to be lucky? You have to be lucky, and you 638 00:32:27,880 --> 00:32:29,959 Speaker 1: have to you have to get it early enough so 639 00:32:30,000 --> 00:32:31,360 Speaker 1: you can't just sit here and say, oh, we'll blow 640 00:32:31,400 --> 00:32:33,320 Speaker 1: it up when it gets here, right, that's not a 641 00:32:33,320 --> 00:32:35,320 Speaker 1: good idea. That might as well just blow yourself up, 642 00:32:35,600 --> 00:32:38,120 Speaker 1: all right, So let's recap. Let's see, is an asteroid 643 00:32:38,160 --> 00:32:41,240 Speaker 1: going to kill us? All? And first we learned that 644 00:32:42,920 --> 00:32:45,080 Speaker 1: we're surrounded by our asteroids, and there's a bunch of 645 00:32:45,160 --> 00:32:47,239 Speaker 1: them in our own solar system, and we're gonna get 646 00:32:47,320 --> 00:32:48,960 Speaker 1: hit by one. It's going to come from our own 647 00:32:48,960 --> 00:32:51,520 Speaker 1: solar system most likely, that's right. And there's even other 648 00:32:51,560 --> 00:32:54,280 Speaker 1: stuff we didn't talk about, Like there's the stuff outside 649 00:32:54,320 --> 00:32:57,040 Speaker 1: beyond Neptune and this stuff further out there that we 650 00:32:57,040 --> 00:32:59,040 Speaker 1: didn't even touch on. We just talked about this stuff 651 00:32:59,200 --> 00:33:01,320 Speaker 1: in the asteroid belt, which is the closest. Those are 652 00:33:01,360 --> 00:33:05,840 Speaker 1: the ones we've seen. Yeah, okay, um, But the bigger 653 00:33:05,840 --> 00:33:08,560 Speaker 1: they are, the more likely there are two kill us. 654 00:33:08,600 --> 00:33:10,920 Speaker 1: But also the bigger they are, the more likely regard 655 00:33:11,360 --> 00:33:13,200 Speaker 1: that we have seen them and we know they're they're 656 00:33:13,560 --> 00:33:16,080 Speaker 1: we're tracking it, that's right. And all the big ones 657 00:33:16,120 --> 00:33:19,120 Speaker 1: in the solar system that are potentially planet killers or 658 00:33:19,240 --> 00:33:22,760 Speaker 1: human extinction makers, we've seen those guys, and we're pretty 659 00:33:22,800 --> 00:33:25,360 Speaker 1: sure that the next hundred years is clear. That's, you know, 660 00:33:25,400 --> 00:33:28,000 Speaker 1: according to the good work done by our pals at NASA, 661 00:33:28,120 --> 00:33:31,520 Speaker 1: But even more dangerous could be a comment more than 662 00:33:31,600 --> 00:33:33,440 Speaker 1: an asterary because those could come out of the blue 663 00:33:33,760 --> 00:33:35,800 Speaker 1: and out of the black. Won't see him coming out 664 00:33:35,800 --> 00:33:40,080 Speaker 1: of the out of the void. Let's go generic term, 665 00:33:40,120 --> 00:33:43,480 Speaker 1: they're uh, and so it's a comment which may be 666 00:33:43,560 --> 00:33:45,720 Speaker 1: more worried about yeah and comments and what we'res some 667 00:33:45,880 --> 00:33:49,560 Speaker 1: because they're potentially going faster and they're harder to spot. 668 00:33:49,600 --> 00:33:52,560 Speaker 1: We wouldn't necessarily have seen them, and we have an 669 00:33:52,560 --> 00:33:54,560 Speaker 1: example of one hitting a planet just in the last 670 00:33:54,600 --> 00:33:57,640 Speaker 1: few decades, so it's not just a crazy science fiction idea. 671 00:33:57,720 --> 00:34:00,480 Speaker 1: And so the strategy is lookout and make sure that 672 00:34:00,520 --> 00:34:02,680 Speaker 1: we see them early enough so we can do things 673 00:34:02,720 --> 00:34:06,440 Speaker 1: like deflected or destroyed. That's right. So we should definitely 674 00:34:06,560 --> 00:34:09,320 Speaker 1: keep funding NASA because it's only because of NASA and 675 00:34:09,360 --> 00:34:12,120 Speaker 1: their worldwide partners that we have any idea of what's 676 00:34:12,120 --> 00:34:14,880 Speaker 1: out there. But we also desperately need to get cracking 677 00:34:15,040 --> 00:34:18,279 Speaker 1: on some defense systems, you know, um, building things that 678 00:34:18,360 --> 00:34:20,200 Speaker 1: can go out there and protect us in case this 679 00:34:20,239 --> 00:34:24,000 Speaker 1: happens or you know. Another strategy is like let's spread 680 00:34:24,040 --> 00:34:27,240 Speaker 1: the human eggs out of just this basket onto some others, 681 00:34:27,320 --> 00:34:30,719 Speaker 1: because it's very unlikely that like Earth and Mars are 682 00:34:30,760 --> 00:34:33,560 Speaker 1: both going to be hit by an asteroid simultaneously. So 683 00:34:33,600 --> 00:34:37,320 Speaker 1: if we could like get humans the planet, Yeah exactly. 684 00:34:37,400 --> 00:34:38,920 Speaker 1: I mean that's the kind of stuff we should be 685 00:34:38,920 --> 00:34:43,239 Speaker 1: working on. Well, cool, I feel great now. I think 686 00:34:43,239 --> 00:34:45,160 Speaker 1: it's I think it's fascinating that most people go through 687 00:34:45,200 --> 00:34:48,040 Speaker 1: their lives and don't worry about these existential threats, right 688 00:34:48,200 --> 00:34:50,279 Speaker 1: because you can't. There's nothing that you can do about. 689 00:34:50,280 --> 00:34:52,440 Speaker 1: It's not like if you spent five minutes of your 690 00:34:52,520 --> 00:34:55,120 Speaker 1: day working on this problem, it's going to help humanity 691 00:34:55,239 --> 00:34:58,120 Speaker 1: or something, right, But it is important that we all 692 00:34:58,160 --> 00:35:00,600 Speaker 1: think about this when it comes to time like funding 693 00:35:00,640 --> 00:35:04,120 Speaker 1: science and basic research and NASA, because that's that's when 694 00:35:04,160 --> 00:35:06,280 Speaker 1: we can do something about it. When we support candidates 695 00:35:06,280 --> 00:35:09,480 Speaker 1: that support basic research, that's when you're helping the planetary 696 00:35:09,520 --> 00:35:13,280 Speaker 1: defense system. Right. Well, technically everything is an existential crisis 697 00:35:13,360 --> 00:35:15,359 Speaker 1: to you, right, Like getting hit by a truck. That's 698 00:35:15,360 --> 00:35:23,879 Speaker 1: a pretty existential crisis for you. You wouldn't um, yeah, 699 00:35:25,080 --> 00:35:29,440 Speaker 1: every night worried about you. I'm sorry. Please be careful 700 00:35:29,480 --> 00:35:32,600 Speaker 1: when you cross the street. Please, I'll look up from 701 00:35:32,600 --> 00:35:34,600 Speaker 1: my phone, I promise all right, well, thank you for 702 00:35:34,680 --> 00:35:37,040 Speaker 1: joining us. Thank you very much for listening to us. 703 00:35:37,120 --> 00:35:39,279 Speaker 1: Worry about the end of the world and keep your 704 00:35:39,280 --> 00:35:42,840 Speaker 1: eyes on the sky. Yeah, look out for the void, 705 00:35:43,320 --> 00:35:51,000 Speaker 1: Watch out for the void. Do you have a question 706 00:35:51,040 --> 00:35:53,359 Speaker 1: you wish we would cover, Send it to us. We'd 707 00:35:53,440 --> 00:35:56,360 Speaker 1: love to hear from you. You can find us on Facebook, Twitter, 708 00:35:56,520 --> 00:36:00,600 Speaker 1: and Instagram at Daniel and Jorge One Word, or email 709 00:36:00,680 --> 00:36:16,920 Speaker 1: us to feedback at Daniel an or a dot com. 710 00:36:05,320 --> 00:36:05,360 Speaker 1: H