WEBVTT - TechStuff’s 400th Episode 0:00:00.320 --> 0:00:02.880 Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera. 0:00:03.200 --> 0:00:08.960 It's ready. Are you get in touch with technology? With 0:00:09.039 --> 0:00:17.960 tech Stuff from how stuff works dot com. Hello again, kids, 0:00:17.960 --> 0:00:20.479 and welcome to tech Stuff. My name is Chris Polatin, 0:00:20.520 --> 0:00:22.760 I'm an editor and how stuff works dot Com. Sitting 0:00:22.760 --> 0:00:25.720 across from me as usual as senior writer Jonathan Strickland. 0:00:25.880 --> 0:00:28.159 The most merciful thing in the world, I think is 0:00:28.200 --> 0:00:31.080 the inability of the human mind to correlate all its contents. 0:00:32.440 --> 0:00:34.519 You know, I'm just thinking about that that introduction. I've 0:00:34.560 --> 0:00:37.960 been saying that almost four times, four hundred times. Actually, 0:00:38.000 --> 0:00:40.960 technically you've said it more than four hundred times. Well, 0:00:40.960 --> 0:00:45.080 that's true because this is our four episode guys, who 0:00:45.120 --> 0:00:48.400 but explains the streamers in the balloon? Yeah? Yeah, Also, 0:00:48.760 --> 0:00:50.639 why do all the balloons have Josh's face on him? 0:00:50.640 --> 0:00:53.800 Well it was cheaper that way. We ordered way too 0:00:53.800 --> 0:00:55.640 many for south By Southwest, so I just grabbed a 0:00:55.640 --> 0:00:57.600 whole bunch of them. Okay, they're my lard. They'll be 0:00:57.680 --> 0:01:00.720 up for hours anyway. So you guys who have been 0:01:00.760 --> 0:01:03.280 with us from the very beginning might be thinking, Wow, 0:01:03.400 --> 0:01:06.200 four hundred episodes. I can't believe it. And neither can we. 0:01:06.360 --> 0:01:09.720 But technically we've actually recorded more than four hundred episodes 0:01:10.200 --> 0:01:14.160 because back back back in the very earliest days of 0:01:14.160 --> 0:01:20.040 this podcast, we recorded several test episodes that never published. Yes, 0:01:20.080 --> 0:01:23.200 they're buried out back somewhere. Yeah, they And I know 0:01:23.240 --> 0:01:25.200 what you're all thinking. You're thinking, Jonathan and Chris, are 0:01:25.280 --> 0:01:27.720 you telling me that there were some episodes from early 0:01:27.720 --> 0:01:29.800 early on that were even less polished than the ones 0:01:29.840 --> 0:01:31.840 that you actually published. And the answer to that is 0:01:32.000 --> 0:01:36.960 words can hurt. But yeah, those those episodes just really 0:01:37.080 --> 0:01:41.039 didn't work. And so for our four hundred episode, we're 0:01:41.040 --> 0:01:48.000 going to talk about stuff that doesn't work, like never mind. Um, so, hey, 0:01:48.200 --> 0:01:50.800 I I worked hard this week. Don't look at me, 0:01:51.280 --> 0:01:53.400 all right, So let's I was going to make a 0:01:53.440 --> 0:01:56.760 familial joke, and since I don't actually have the relative 0:01:56.800 --> 0:01:59.160 who doesn't work, I won't, all right, So we're gonna 0:01:59.240 --> 0:02:01.600 talk about a whole bunch of different things. Some of 0:02:01.600 --> 0:02:03.840 these are going to be hoaxes, so they were never 0:02:03.880 --> 0:02:05.920 meant to work. They were just meant to either fool 0:02:06.000 --> 0:02:09.480 people for fun zies or for financial gain or some 0:02:09.520 --> 0:02:12.560 other reason. Some of them aren't necessarily hoaxes. They were 0:02:12.600 --> 0:02:15.760 things that people have pursued but it just hasn't panned out. 0:02:16.600 --> 0:02:19.920 Some of them are things that might have technically worked 0:02:20.000 --> 0:02:24.440 but didn't actually work in the real world, Like you 0:02:24.480 --> 0:02:28.360 could make it work, but no one wanted it. So 0:02:28.360 --> 0:02:30.320 so but we're gonna start with one of the most 0:02:30.480 --> 0:02:35.640 famous things that just has never worked, which is perpetual 0:02:35.680 --> 0:02:38.919 motion devices. Yeah, this is one of those that's easier 0:02:39.000 --> 0:02:42.160 to sell because people want a machine that can do 0:02:42.360 --> 0:02:45.639 what a perpetual motion machine would do if it actually 0:02:45.800 --> 0:02:48.760 could do it. So let's talk about what perpetual machines. 0:02:49.080 --> 0:02:52.799 And actually there's there's another device, type of device called 0:02:52.800 --> 0:02:57.959 an overunity performance device, which is related to perpetual motion. Uh. 0:02:58.040 --> 0:03:01.360 There is a difference, however. So perpetual motion is some 0:03:01.440 --> 0:03:04.680 sort of device that, once set into motion, will continue 0:03:04.800 --> 0:03:09.760 perpetually without the need for external uh force to come 0:03:09.800 --> 0:03:13.280 into the system to keep it going. So like think 0:03:13.320 --> 0:03:15.680 of a wheel, and once the wheel starts spinning, it 0:03:15.919 --> 0:03:19.240 never ever stops. You never have to reach in and 0:03:19.240 --> 0:03:22.360 give it another push, It'll just keep going forever. Now, 0:03:22.400 --> 0:03:26.280 in that case, you're talking about a a system that 0:03:26.440 --> 0:03:30.480 is generating just enough energy to keep going. So so 0:03:30.520 --> 0:03:33.240 you're not you're not getting excess energy out of that. 0:03:33.800 --> 0:03:37.680 So perpetual motion machine, if you were to be able 0:03:37.720 --> 0:03:41.360 to make one, would be mostly a curiosity. It would 0:03:41.360 --> 0:03:44.440 be interesting to look at, but it wouldn't be useful necessarily. 0:03:45.000 --> 0:03:49.040 The overunity performance type of device that's different. That's talking 0:03:49.080 --> 0:03:53.680 about some sort of device that actually generates more energy 0:03:53.800 --> 0:03:56.920 than is required to put into it, so it's got 0:03:56.920 --> 0:04:00.600 an efficiency that's greater than because at a hundred percent 0:04:00.640 --> 0:04:03.280 efficiency it would just keep running right right, But if 0:04:03.280 --> 0:04:05.880 you had a hundred and then you would be generating 0:04:06.520 --> 0:04:09.760 more energy than you were required to to start that device. 0:04:10.160 --> 0:04:13.360 This is this is the goal of lots of different 0:04:13.400 --> 0:04:15.680 people out there, some of whom are are pursuing it, 0:04:16.440 --> 0:04:19.800 uh sincerely, and others who are trying to pull the 0:04:19.800 --> 0:04:22.640 wool over people's eyes by saying they've got this essentially 0:04:22.640 --> 0:04:27.400 a free energy machine. Um, and you should always because 0:04:27.560 --> 0:04:30.599 there are a lot of different red flags to look 0:04:30.600 --> 0:04:32.960 out for, but free energy is definitely a big one, 0:04:33.440 --> 0:04:38.039 because as far as we can tell, it's not really possible. 0:04:38.320 --> 0:04:42.160 It's that's not to say that it is impossible due 0:04:42.200 --> 0:04:44.200 to the laws of physics, it's just that by the 0:04:44.520 --> 0:04:47.800 by our knowledge, by our understanding of how the universe works, 0:04:48.279 --> 0:04:51.400 and based upon everything that we know about the way 0:04:51.480 --> 0:04:55.279 things behave within our universe, it does not appear to 0:04:55.320 --> 0:04:58.160 be possible. That doesn't mean that one day we don't 0:04:58.200 --> 0:05:01.000 figure it out. It just means that, based upon everything 0:05:01.000 --> 0:05:02.800 we know so far, it's a good bet to say 0:05:03.240 --> 0:05:07.200 not possible. Um. Well, you have to follow the laws 0:05:07.200 --> 0:05:11.120 of physics even when you never studied law. Right, So 0:05:11.560 --> 0:05:14.120 you know, you put your wheel into motion, and you 0:05:14.160 --> 0:05:17.520 have to deal with you know, trifling little things like friction, 0:05:17.839 --> 0:05:20.799 friction and viscosity and things like that. Yeah, Dissipated forces 0:05:20.920 --> 0:05:24.360 is what that's called. These are forces that that end 0:05:24.440 --> 0:05:27.320 up taking some of that energy that goes into a 0:05:27.400 --> 0:05:30.640 system and converting it into other forms, which means you 0:05:30.640 --> 0:05:33.880 have a loss of energy. Now, friction, for example, it 0:05:33.920 --> 0:05:37.800 will convert things into heat, energy and heat, So you 0:05:37.920 --> 0:05:42.880 lose energy through heat through a system. Well, unless it's 0:05:42.960 --> 0:05:46.920 generating that same amount of energy somehow through its operation. 0:05:47.520 --> 0:05:49.640 That means you have a net loss of energy and 0:05:49.720 --> 0:05:53.520 eventually that device is going to slow down. Uh. And 0:05:53.560 --> 0:05:57.560 dissipated forces are include more than just friction and viscosity, 0:05:57.600 --> 0:06:01.600 but those are two that are very easily uh explained, 0:06:01.760 --> 0:06:03.760 So that tends to be the two that most people 0:06:03.880 --> 0:06:07.280 focus on. But there's more than just that. But there 0:06:07.279 --> 0:06:09.800 have been people throughout history who have been trying to 0:06:09.839 --> 0:06:13.599 tackle this, and even from just the perpetual motion machine side. 0:06:14.000 --> 0:06:17.560 Uh The very first documented perpetual motion machine that I 0:06:17.640 --> 0:06:22.440 could find came from an uh an Indian author East India, 0:06:22.680 --> 0:06:28.720 not native American, named Boscara and eleven fifty nine, and 0:06:28.920 --> 0:06:34.240 his proposed device was a wheel. Many perpetual motion devices 0:06:34.279 --> 0:06:36.320 come in the form of a wheel. It's wheel that 0:06:36.440 --> 0:06:38.880 was vertically aligned, so think of it like you know, 0:06:38.920 --> 0:06:42.640 a water wheel, you know, and it had a little 0:06:42.680 --> 0:06:46.760 containers at the end of the around the perimeter of 0:06:46.800 --> 0:06:50.919 the wheel, and these containers were going to contain mercury, 0:06:51.320 --> 0:06:55.159 so liquid mercury, and the idea was that you would 0:06:55.160 --> 0:06:57.720 turn the wheel and the liquid mercury, as it would 0:06:57.760 --> 0:07:01.440 reach a certain point on the trip around, the wheel 0:07:02.440 --> 0:07:05.560 would slide down to the end of its container, and 0:07:05.600 --> 0:07:10.000 that that slide would cause a weight imbalance upon one 0:07:10.080 --> 0:07:13.240 side of the axle of this wheel, and that would 0:07:13.240 --> 0:07:17.400 continue to give it the force needed to turn. So 0:07:17.440 --> 0:07:19.640 the idea was that once it was started in motion, 0:07:20.080 --> 0:07:25.160 it should perpetually turn turns out not so much, uh. 0:07:25.200 --> 0:07:27.080 And there have been a lot of people who have 0:07:27.120 --> 0:07:31.320 tested this with many different variations on this weighted wheel concept, 0:07:31.360 --> 0:07:37.120 including Leonardo da Vinci, and he he had a great quote, 0:07:38.400 --> 0:07:42.640 he said, oh, ye, seekers, after perpetual motion, how many 0:07:42.800 --> 0:07:46.040 vain chimeras have you pursued? Go and take your place 0:07:46.120 --> 0:07:50.400 with the alchemists. That's that's not a high opinion. No, no, 0:07:50.680 --> 0:07:53.720 And it's funny that that he made that comparison because 0:07:53.760 --> 0:07:55.920 as we've been talking, I've been thinking about that very 0:07:55.960 --> 0:08:00.560 same thing. And of course, uh, the most stream prize 0:08:00.600 --> 0:08:03.440 of alchemy would be the ability to transmute lead into 0:08:03.480 --> 0:08:07.280 gold um. And there were very many uh scientists who 0:08:07.280 --> 0:08:11.360 got their start in science trying to solve that problem 0:08:11.520 --> 0:08:15.080 because they realized as they did more experimentation that well, 0:08:15.160 --> 0:08:18.280 you know, it wasn't simply going to work. You can 0:08:18.320 --> 0:08:20.240 you can think of alchemy as sort of a proto 0:08:20.400 --> 0:08:23.480 science and that in that it really didn't follow the 0:08:23.600 --> 0:08:27.600 strict rules of science, but it was something that kind 0:08:27.760 --> 0:08:33.920 of gradually gave way to fields like chemistry and and physics. Well, 0:08:33.920 --> 0:08:37.920 but but in of itself was more of a an 0:08:37.960 --> 0:08:40.920 accult type practice than a science, right right, Well, I 0:08:40.960 --> 0:08:44.120 do believe that the people who or or many of 0:08:44.160 --> 0:08:48.200 the people who were pursuing alchemy um were of scientific 0:08:48.280 --> 0:08:53.520 mind and and we're actually experimenting with the idea that 0:08:53.520 --> 0:08:55.959 they were going to create some greater good. And and 0:08:56.000 --> 0:08:59.400 that's how science was, you know, it's linked to sciences 0:08:59.640 --> 0:09:02.720 is from that. And people like Leonardo da Vinci, you know, 0:09:02.760 --> 0:09:04.960 you would imagine that, uh, well, he's not out to 0:09:05.000 --> 0:09:08.079 defraud people, So he was pursuing this as a legitimate, 0:09:08.400 --> 0:09:10.839 uh scientifical experiment. He wanted to see if he could 0:09:10.880 --> 0:09:13.640 make it work. Da Vinci was was a bit of 0:09:13.640 --> 0:09:18.040 a busy body, and and he also would tend to 0:09:18.080 --> 0:09:21.559 gain and lose interest in things very very quickly, as 0:09:21.559 --> 0:09:25.640 a true polly math often does. And uh he uh 0:09:25.880 --> 0:09:29.280 you know, he he built a weighted wheel. In his version. 0:09:29.440 --> 0:09:34.720 The weighted wheel actually had little uh on the perimeter 0:09:34.760 --> 0:09:37.199 of the wheel. The outside perimeter, there were these little 0:09:37.520 --> 0:09:40.840 uh levers essentially with a weight on the end, and 0:09:40.880 --> 0:09:43.920 they were on a hinge, so that as the wheel turned, 0:09:44.320 --> 0:09:48.080 the lever would move forward and the falling motion of 0:09:48.080 --> 0:09:51.160 the weight was supposed to try and you know, keep 0:09:51.600 --> 0:09:55.280 counteract the wheels tendency to stop. And again Leonardo realized. 0:09:55.280 --> 0:09:58.600 He said, this just doesn't work. He said, as the 0:09:58.600 --> 0:10:00.319 attachment of the heavy body as far there from the 0:10:00.360 --> 0:10:02.240 center of the wheel, the revolving movement of the wheel 0:10:02.240 --> 0:10:04.920 around its pivot will become more difficult. Although the motive 0:10:04.960 --> 0:10:08.960 power may not vary. Essentially, he was saying, it don't work, y'all. 0:10:09.520 --> 0:10:15.439 And and and you know, despite that, we've had numerous 0:10:15.559 --> 0:10:20.920 people trying to create perpetual motion machines since then. Sometimes 0:10:20.960 --> 0:10:26.199 they focus on gravity as being the force that enacts 0:10:26.480 --> 0:10:31.000 the perpetual motion. Others use magnetism, so they try and 0:10:31.040 --> 0:10:34.679 create something with magnets to make something spin and uh, 0:10:34.840 --> 0:10:39.000 and they'll they argue that it will spin indefinitely. Essentially, 0:10:39.040 --> 0:10:41.880 they'll it will continue spinning until someone stops it. But 0:10:42.000 --> 0:10:46.000 that's not that that has never proven to be true. 0:10:46.240 --> 0:10:50.160 It always will eventually come to a stop. It's just 0:10:50.200 --> 0:10:54.160 that sometimes it takes longer than others. And you might think, well, 0:10:54.920 --> 0:10:56.920 if you can extend it so that it's it's a 0:10:56.960 --> 0:11:00.280 really long time, isn't that effectively the same as perpetual ocean? 0:11:00.679 --> 0:11:05.040 But I mean there is a fundamental difference there. So Yeah, 0:11:05.080 --> 0:11:09.680 it's the way the way we think about things in 0:11:09.720 --> 0:11:13.240 an ideal situation is that you would have a uh, 0:11:13.280 --> 0:11:16.520 an isolated system, and an isolated system is one that 0:11:16.600 --> 0:11:20.720 has no other forces acting upon it from the external sources. 0:11:21.240 --> 0:11:26.079 And UH, even if you were to have a a 0:11:26.080 --> 0:11:29.960 demonstration of a perpetual motion machine, the problem is that 0:11:30.080 --> 0:11:33.640 any demonstration cannot be an isolated system because you can't 0:11:33.640 --> 0:11:36.480 have that in real life. It's a thought experiment, but 0:11:36.520 --> 0:11:38.880 you can't. There's no there's no way you can isolate 0:11:38.880 --> 0:11:42.079 a system from everything else, right, There's always going to 0:11:42.120 --> 0:11:45.320 be something else that's enacting upon it and um. And 0:11:45.400 --> 0:11:49.000 so there are times where people have shown off devices 0:11:49.080 --> 0:11:54.199 that that to perhaps someone not schooled in this would think, oh, 0:11:54.240 --> 0:11:57.520 that is perpetual motion, but upon closer examination, it tends 0:11:57.520 --> 0:12:00.560 to fall apart. Actually it does fall apart, which is 0:12:00.600 --> 0:12:02.880 part of the reason why the pursuit has gone on 0:12:03.160 --> 0:12:05.319 even to the current day. I mean, there's still people 0:12:05.440 --> 0:12:08.600 trying to make that happen, but I think more and 0:12:08.679 --> 0:12:11.840 more of these days, UH, it's turned out to be 0:12:11.880 --> 0:12:15.280 more of a hoax. Intentionally, you know, somebody wants to 0:12:15.320 --> 0:12:17.680 go down in history as being the inventor of the 0:12:17.679 --> 0:12:20.720 perpetual motion machine and get fame and fortune. Yeah, there's 0:12:20.720 --> 0:12:25.800 also there's also a common health belief that the patent 0:12:25.880 --> 0:12:30.360 offices won't accept patents for perpetual motion devices or over 0:12:30.520 --> 0:12:34.520 unity performance devices based upon the fact that our scientific 0:12:34.640 --> 0:12:39.280 understanding suggests that these things are most likely impossible. That, uh, 0:12:39.480 --> 0:12:42.920 that's not entirely true, because just by changing the wording, 0:12:42.960 --> 0:12:44.360 I mean, there are a lot of people who write 0:12:44.360 --> 0:12:49.440 patents who avoid phrases that indicate that that's an overunity 0:12:49.480 --> 0:12:52.560 performance device, for example, That doesn't mean that they can't 0:12:52.559 --> 0:12:54.480 get a patent for it. They can if they word 0:12:54.520 --> 0:12:56.960 it the right way and the person reviewing the patent 0:12:57.000 --> 0:13:01.000 doesn't necessarily realize that that's what this is truly saying. 0:13:01.000 --> 0:13:02.200 So there are a lot of patents out there for 0:13:02.240 --> 0:13:05.439 devices that supposedly have over a percent efficiency, even though 0:13:05.480 --> 0:13:11.439 no one has demonstrably proven that such a device is actually, uh, 0:13:11.800 --> 0:13:14.199 you know, a real thing. I mean, there's there have 0:13:14.280 --> 0:13:18.760 been a lot of overunity performance devices that have been 0:13:18.840 --> 0:13:22.880 unveiled in places like Australia, in Europe, even the United 0:13:22.880 --> 0:13:27.760 States as well, where uh they've invited people to come 0:13:27.800 --> 0:13:30.720 in and observe them and under casual observation, it looks 0:13:30.760 --> 0:13:34.440 like they're doing the devices doing what was claimed. But 0:13:35.120 --> 0:13:40.640 it seems that whenever there is a legitimate, uh, skeptical 0:13:40.720 --> 0:13:44.520 approach to this, that it then just falls apart that 0:13:44.640 --> 0:13:47.079 you know, people the scientists will say, I can endorse this, 0:13:47.240 --> 0:13:49.679 it doesn't you know, it doesn't seem to work. Uh. 0:13:49.800 --> 0:13:53.359 And it's also it can be really tricky to determine 0:13:53.800 --> 0:13:57.920 from some of these devices, uh, where where power is 0:13:57.960 --> 0:14:01.280 coming from, where it's going to and you know, what, 0:14:02.080 --> 0:14:06.240 where's the imbalance coming from? So, for example, if you 0:14:06.280 --> 0:14:08.680 have one that works on electro magnets, but you have 0:14:08.760 --> 0:14:11.760 to supply current to those electro magnets in order for 0:14:11.800 --> 0:14:14.520 them to work and uh. And so if you have 0:14:14.600 --> 0:14:17.560 brought a battery into the system, as soon as you've 0:14:17.559 --> 0:14:19.880 got the battery there, then you've got the question of, well, 0:14:20.000 --> 0:14:22.920 is this battery actually providing some of that power that's 0:14:22.920 --> 0:14:26.000 coming out of the system. Uh. And if so, then 0:14:26.040 --> 0:14:28.360 that may just mean that all we're doing is shifting 0:14:28.360 --> 0:14:30.880 the power from the battery to the output. And it's 0:14:30.920 --> 0:14:34.800 not that the system itself is is super efficient. It's 0:14:34.840 --> 0:14:38.360 just that we've created a circuit and that's all we've done. UM, 0:14:38.400 --> 0:14:42.440 so yeah, this is this is one of those things that, uh, 0:14:43.520 --> 0:14:47.720 that continues to be attempting target for a lot of 0:14:47.720 --> 0:14:50.600 inventors out there and also a lot of hoaxers. In fact, 0:14:50.640 --> 0:14:55.280 you had a story about a perpetual motion machine that 0:14:55.320 --> 0:14:57.800 turned out to not be all that it appeared to 0:14:57.840 --> 0:15:01.160 be on first glance, right right, Well, this was something 0:15:01.200 --> 0:15:05.360 that I uncovered during my research about UM. This person 0:15:05.440 --> 0:15:09.160 named Charles Redheffer who showed up in Philadelphia in eighteen 0:15:09.240 --> 0:15:13.120 twelve with this perpetual motion machine UM, and he managed 0:15:13.120 --> 0:15:18.760 to get an audience with the Philadelphia City commissioners and 0:15:19.000 --> 0:15:20.880 the idea was that he was going to show off 0:15:20.920 --> 0:15:23.240 how his machine worked. And he had this he claimed 0:15:23.240 --> 0:15:26.720 that it didn't really need any any sources of external 0:15:26.720 --> 0:15:29.400 power to run, that it would run on its own. 0:15:29.480 --> 0:15:32.800 So uh and and what it all said another external 0:15:32.800 --> 0:15:35.520 device that it was powering it itself with that was 0:15:35.600 --> 0:15:39.440 using gears to make it work, except they weren't allowed 0:15:39.480 --> 0:15:41.920 to get too close to the machine. Yeah, that's always 0:15:41.920 --> 0:15:45.280 a strong indicator there when when the observation must be 0:15:45.360 --> 0:15:50.120 made at a distance. UM. They they actually they were 0:15:50.160 --> 0:15:52.640 skeptical because they could tell that it wasn't working the 0:15:52.640 --> 0:15:55.400 way it was supposed to. Um that something was off, 0:15:55.440 --> 0:15:57.520 but he wouldn't let them get close enough to really 0:15:57.520 --> 0:16:00.240 determine what was going on. So they hired um an 0:16:00.240 --> 0:16:03.200 engineer that they knew to build a machine like it. 0:16:03.840 --> 0:16:06.920 Um and uh and as a matter of fact, apparently 0:16:07.000 --> 0:16:10.960 the Franklin Institution in Philadelphia still has that machine that 0:16:11.040 --> 0:16:13.880 the other engineer made to work like it. I've been 0:16:13.920 --> 0:16:16.040 to that institute. I don't remember seeing I'm going to 0:16:16.160 --> 0:16:18.600 have to go back now and check that out. Um 0:16:18.680 --> 0:16:23.000 he uh. Redheffer actually uh high tailed it out of 0:16:23.000 --> 0:16:25.720 town when he realized that the jig was up. There 0:16:25.760 --> 0:16:28.960 was time to move on to more fertile grounds, so 0:16:29.000 --> 0:16:31.520 he headed to New York City, where they hadn't yet 0:16:32.040 --> 0:16:38.080 learned of this New York City get the rope um. So, 0:16:38.800 --> 0:16:41.840 as it turns out, a fairly smart guy, Robert Fulton. 0:16:42.040 --> 0:16:46.560 You may have heard of him, Yes, steamboat Robbie. Yeah. 0:16:46.880 --> 0:16:51.040 Um he uh he noticed he saw the machine and uh, 0:16:51.080 --> 0:16:53.120 he could tell that it was something was off. It 0:16:53.160 --> 0:16:56.600 wasn't it was wobbling, it wasn't. It wasn't operating at 0:16:56.600 --> 0:17:00.120 a smooth pace. Yeah. Yeah, And he he had the 0:17:00.480 --> 0:17:04.920 feeling that somebody was making it work. Um, so he 0:17:04.920 --> 0:17:08.919 he challenged Red Halfer and said that he could uh uh, 0:17:09.040 --> 0:17:11.040 he could figure out how it was working, and if 0:17:11.040 --> 0:17:13.160 he broke the machine in an attempt, he would pay 0:17:13.240 --> 0:17:17.399 him for the damages. So uh Red Haffer made the 0:17:17.400 --> 0:17:22.560 mistake of accepting that challenge. So he uh he started 0:17:23.359 --> 0:17:27.359 taking boards off the wall near the machine and found 0:17:27.520 --> 0:17:32.040 a a catgut cord that went upstairs to another room 0:17:32.160 --> 0:17:37.439 where they had a an old, old bearded guy sitting 0:17:37.440 --> 0:17:41.919 there cranking the machine with one hand and eating with 0:17:41.960 --> 0:17:44.120 the other. So that's why it was sort of irregular, 0:17:44.200 --> 0:17:48.199 was because he was cranking it irregularly. And uh uh, 0:17:48.520 --> 0:17:51.560 people got upset and busted up the machine and that 0:17:51.760 --> 0:17:55.080 was the end of Redheifer's attempt to prove that he 0:17:55.119 --> 0:17:57.840 had the perpetual motion. Which is really tragic because as 0:17:57.880 --> 0:18:01.360 we all know, in the nineteen century, many of our 0:18:01.359 --> 0:18:04.680 technologies were powered by bearded old men. Yes, that's true. 0:18:05.080 --> 0:18:07.560 Um And incidentally, if you want to read more, that 0:18:07.640 --> 0:18:12.520 was from the Museum of Hoaxes dot com. Very entertaining read. Yeah, 0:18:12.560 --> 0:18:14.679 there's a there are a couple of interesting there are 0:18:14.680 --> 0:18:18.080 other some other really famous hoaxes. And there's one that 0:18:18.080 --> 0:18:20.320 that Chris and I both looked at because we do 0:18:20.359 --> 0:18:25.560 our our independently on another, so when we get together 0:18:25.640 --> 0:18:28.360 to record a podcast, often the stuff we say will 0:18:28.400 --> 0:18:31.800 surprise each other because you know, we've pursued different paths. 0:18:31.840 --> 0:18:34.080 But one thing that we both looked at was the 0:18:34.200 --> 0:18:39.240 great chess automaton of veteran Wolfgang von Kimberlin. Yeah, a 0:18:39.359 --> 0:18:42.919 k A. The Mechanical Turk, yes, seventeen sixty nine. Alright, 0:18:42.960 --> 0:18:47.560 so imagine this, guys and gals. You've got this, uh, 0:18:47.640 --> 0:18:52.240 this big wooden cabinet, and on the cabinet is a chessboard, 0:18:52.640 --> 0:18:59.240 and behind the cabinet stands a a wooden robot. Essentially 0:18:59.280 --> 0:19:02.320 is what it was that it appears to It looks 0:19:02.359 --> 0:19:05.880 like a turk, that Turkish dress costume, that kind of thing, 0:19:06.359 --> 0:19:11.120 And that was that was supposed to the mystique. Yes, yes, 0:19:11.160 --> 0:19:16.639 it was that whole idea of adding Eastern mysticism. Right, So, uh, 0:19:16.840 --> 0:19:20.200 Baron Wolfgang had suggested or had actually claimed, that this 0:19:20.359 --> 0:19:25.320 was a mechanical toy that could play chess, and it 0:19:25.400 --> 0:19:29.000 was so good that it could defeat almost anybody in 0:19:29.040 --> 0:19:31.920 a chess game. And people would go up to to play, 0:19:31.960 --> 0:19:34.040 and what Wolfgang would do is he would open up 0:19:34.040 --> 0:19:36.440 the box and show that they're all these gears inside 0:19:36.480 --> 0:19:40.200 the box, and then close it, and then the game 0:19:40.240 --> 0:19:44.320 would start and the human player would move a chess piece, 0:19:44.359 --> 0:19:47.000 and then after a moment, the automaton would start to 0:19:47.720 --> 0:19:50.520 move and pick up a chess piece and move that 0:19:50.640 --> 0:19:52.720 to a different spot, and they would play a game, 0:19:53.200 --> 0:19:56.760 and more often than not, the automaton one. It made 0:19:56.760 --> 0:19:58.600 a lot of people curious as to how it was 0:19:58.600 --> 0:20:01.600 actually working. There were mani people who assumed that this 0:20:01.760 --> 0:20:04.600 was actually under human power, and that it was not 0:20:04.680 --> 0:20:07.520 truly working with gears, and that it was just being 0:20:07.640 --> 0:20:09.760 It was just a clever trick, and they were They 0:20:09.800 --> 0:20:11.760 actually were right. They just couldn't figure out how it 0:20:11.800 --> 0:20:17.120 was being done. Uh No. No, less of a illuminary 0:20:17.200 --> 0:20:22.000 than Benjamin Franklin himself played against this machine. Yes, and 0:20:22.520 --> 0:20:26.080 Napoleon Bonaparte. Yeah, there were quite a few famous folks. 0:20:26.400 --> 0:20:28.760 One famous person who thought he had come up with 0:20:28.800 --> 0:20:33.000 the way that it worked was almost right, Edgar Allan Poe. Really, yeah, 0:20:33.080 --> 0:20:38.280 Edgar Allan Poe observed this device in in action and 0:20:38.359 --> 0:20:42.080 thought that perhaps there was a person hiding inside the 0:20:42.119 --> 0:20:48.840 turk itself and UM and working the the pieces, moving 0:20:48.840 --> 0:20:51.680 the pieces, and that's not exactly how it worked. So 0:20:52.160 --> 0:20:56.320 what was going on was that the there was this 0:20:57.400 --> 0:21:01.680 there were there were panels inside the the cabinet that 0:21:01.880 --> 0:21:06.840 hid the human operator who was actually inside the cabinet itself. 0:21:06.840 --> 0:21:09.680 He was not inside the turk, but then he had 0:21:09.720 --> 0:21:12.400 he was wearing something that they were calling a pantograph, 0:21:13.520 --> 0:21:18.280 which was a device that would uh mimic his own movements. 0:21:18.840 --> 0:21:23.720 So he was wearing a a kind of out a 0:21:23.800 --> 0:21:25.560 kind of some gear so that when he would move 0:21:25.600 --> 0:21:28.360 his arm a certain way, the automaton would also move 0:21:28.400 --> 0:21:31.400 its arm that way. So it was almost like puppetry. Yes, 0:21:31.880 --> 0:21:36.680 And the the pieces of the on the chessboard were 0:21:37.320 --> 0:21:39.520 had magnets in them which would allow him to use 0:21:39.560 --> 0:21:41.640 There was a magnet in the hand as well which 0:21:41.640 --> 0:21:44.880 would allow him to pick up a piece very carefully 0:21:44.880 --> 0:21:48.359 and move it. And he could also see magnets underneath 0:21:48.480 --> 0:21:53.600 the the board where he could track the movements of 0:21:54.040 --> 0:21:56.760 the chess pieces on both sides. So he's looking at 0:21:56.800 --> 0:22:03.440 the chess game from underneath UM and to the what 0:22:03.440 --> 0:22:05.720 what what the baron did was he would actually hire. 0:22:05.920 --> 0:22:07.720 When it was traveling from place to place, he would 0:22:07.760 --> 0:22:11.560 hire local chess champions to be the guy inside the 0:22:11.560 --> 0:22:14.760 box so that the likelihood of losing was really low. 0:22:15.119 --> 0:22:16.880 And it was in fact a couple of these chess 0:22:16.960 --> 0:22:20.160 champions who later on wrote about their experience working within 0:22:20.200 --> 0:22:22.080 the box that kind of blew the whole thing out. 0:22:22.520 --> 0:22:24.719 And I mean a lot of people had suspected what 0:22:24.760 --> 0:22:26.720 was going on, but no one had really proven it 0:22:27.040 --> 0:22:29.600 until there were these folks coming for and saying, okay, 0:22:29.600 --> 0:22:32.879 here's how it worked. Well, it took him quite a while. 0:22:33.320 --> 0:22:36.399 I mean, you know, more than fifty years. Yeah. Uh. 0:22:36.800 --> 0:22:40.159 And what's funny is that the device, according to my 0:22:40.280 --> 0:22:44.119 notes anyway, um continued to tour even after the secret 0:22:44.280 --> 0:22:48.480 was released. Um. I guess people wanted to see if 0:22:48.480 --> 0:22:51.520 they could beat somebody hiding out in a box. It was, well, 0:22:51.560 --> 0:22:53.879 you know, it's a it's about playing though that way 0:22:53.960 --> 0:22:57.119 it's sort of reversed, yes, because you're looking from Underneathan. 0:22:57.640 --> 0:23:00.480 It's it's It was a very clever It was a 0:23:00.560 --> 0:23:03.560 very clever ruse, and I think I think some people 0:23:04.160 --> 0:23:07.000 appreciate it just for the fact that it was so 0:23:07.119 --> 0:23:11.399 clever that it wasn't necessarily that you know, they still 0:23:11.440 --> 0:23:14.040 believed that it was actually an automaton that was doing this, 0:23:14.119 --> 0:23:15.920 but just the fact that someone had managed to build, 0:23:15.960 --> 0:23:18.680 I mean, the fact that they built this pantograph system 0:23:19.080 --> 0:23:21.680 is pretty impressive. You know. You sit there and you 0:23:21.720 --> 0:23:23.680 look at it, like, yeah, alright, so it's not an automaton. 0:23:23.760 --> 0:23:25.720 It's not a it's not it's not an early version 0:23:25.760 --> 0:23:30.320 of a computer. But it's still a pretty impressive piece 0:23:30.320 --> 0:23:33.000 of machinery when you think about what it had to accomplish. 0:23:33.240 --> 0:23:35.280 That that's true, and it really it was really sort 0:23:35.320 --> 0:23:39.480 of a stagecraft. Yeah, yeah, so from a from a 0:23:39.520 --> 0:23:42.880 stage perspective, you can certainly appreciate it. And uh yeah, 0:23:42.920 --> 0:23:44.919 it's one of that that one I think is is 0:23:44.920 --> 0:23:49.320 pretty neat. There was another one, another hoax that was 0:23:49.400 --> 0:23:51.720 not his neat. This one actually is more like your 0:23:51.760 --> 0:23:55.720 perpetual motion hoax that you mentioned. Um. But I was 0:23:55.760 --> 0:23:58.080 going to mention before before we move on too far 0:23:58.119 --> 0:24:02.240 from the mechanical Turk Um that it's still famous today 0:24:02.400 --> 0:24:07.360 inasmuch as Amazon dot com um still uses the name 0:24:07.440 --> 0:24:12.040 mechanical turk Turk. And you might say, well for what, well, Um, 0:24:12.080 --> 0:24:14.720 if you're unfamiliar with this this is their their human 0:24:14.760 --> 0:24:19.680 problem solving UM engine if you will. That basically people 0:24:19.680 --> 0:24:24.240 will get involved to solve problems for other people. And 0:24:24.359 --> 0:24:26.040 uh so it's sort of like that. It is sort 0:24:26.040 --> 0:24:28.800 of a machine powered by people on the back end, 0:24:28.880 --> 0:24:31.720 but it is an opportunity for people to um sort 0:24:31.720 --> 0:24:34.600 of crowdsource problem solutions. I think it's kind of funny 0:24:34.600 --> 0:24:38.359 that Amazon decided to name its uh it's product after 0:24:38.520 --> 0:24:43.440 the famous chess playing machine. Yeah, yeah, it's nice. It's 0:24:43.520 --> 0:24:47.240 it's just obscure enough where where the average person may 0:24:47.240 --> 0:24:51.119 not know what it's referencing. Uh well, I was going 0:24:51.160 --> 0:24:55.320 to talk about John WORL. Keiley from the who founded 0:24:55.359 --> 0:24:59.760 the Keiley Motor Company who lost it ye back in 0:25:00.000 --> 0:25:04.640 eighteen seventy five, he created the Keiley Motor Company Mr 0:25:05.359 --> 0:25:09.879 Literal and uh he he had created what was called 0:25:09.960 --> 0:25:15.480 a vibratory generator that used a court of water to 0:25:15.680 --> 0:25:19.439 generate power, and he claimed that it could create the 0:25:19.520 --> 0:25:22.880 same amount of power that would be necessary to pull 0:25:23.119 --> 0:25:26.760 a fully loaded train for more than an hour. And 0:25:26.960 --> 0:25:29.920 uh he would actually show off this device. He would 0:25:29.920 --> 0:25:32.679 pour some water into this this engine looking thing, it 0:25:32.680 --> 0:25:36.240 would start running, and he would do this to people 0:25:36.320 --> 0:25:41.040 who he would court as investors. So he'd bring these 0:25:41.080 --> 0:25:43.920 investors in give him a demonstration of this device where 0:25:43.920 --> 0:25:47.600 water seemingly was all that was needed to create this 0:25:47.760 --> 0:25:51.760 massive amount of power. And it worked. I mean it 0:25:51.800 --> 0:25:54.160 worked in the sense that it got investors interested enough 0:25:54.200 --> 0:25:58.680 to pour money into his uh um, into his invention. 0:25:58.840 --> 0:26:04.040 And the scientific community said, this doesn't sound too likely 0:26:04.119 --> 0:26:07.159 to us. But that didn't really matter so much because 0:26:07.560 --> 0:26:10.520 you know, this was an era where engineers were coming 0:26:10.600 --> 0:26:15.080 up with really interesting inventions and sometimes as inventions were 0:26:15.080 --> 0:26:19.240 working for reasons that the engineers couldn't really explain because 0:26:19.320 --> 0:26:22.000 O our scientific knowledge had not reached the point where 0:26:22.000 --> 0:26:26.960 we could really comprehend everything that was going on. Didn't 0:26:26.960 --> 0:26:29.440 mean that the inventions weren't working, or that they were 0:26:29.440 --> 0:26:31.760 they were fake or whatever. It just meant that we 0:26:31.840 --> 0:26:35.800 didn't know why they worked. Well, that's what these investors 0:26:35.800 --> 0:26:39.320 were hoping for back in the seventy five. It really 0:26:39.320 --> 0:26:42.040 helped Keeley too, that he was a charismatic person that 0:26:42.160 --> 0:26:46.840 you like to use a um scientific sounding jargon to 0:26:46.920 --> 0:26:50.040 confuse those investors. And yeah, he sounded like he knew 0:26:50.040 --> 0:26:52.880 what he was doing, and he uh um, he had 0:26:52.880 --> 0:26:55.040 the stage presence to pull it off. You know, he 0:26:55.440 --> 0:26:58.040 looked and sounded like he was the real deal. Well 0:26:58.080 --> 0:27:03.240 that's and and that's that's still that's still common today 0:27:03.240 --> 0:27:07.200 where you'll have some hoaxters out there who will use 0:27:08.600 --> 0:27:14.760 pseudo scientific terms in order to baffle their their audience 0:27:14.840 --> 0:27:18.159 into thinking that they know what's going on. Stop, I 0:27:18.200 --> 0:27:21.720 don't believe you. So then there's a well let me 0:27:21.760 --> 0:27:24.679 talk about what happened with this motor here. Um, So 0:27:24.720 --> 0:27:26.880 he was showing this engine, I should say, he's showing 0:27:26.920 --> 0:27:28.639 off this engine over and over and over again and 0:27:28.720 --> 0:27:34.560 kept getting investors. Well, then Keiley keeled over and see 0:27:34.600 --> 0:27:36.639 what you did there? Yeah, he shuffled off the mortal coil, 0:27:36.720 --> 0:27:40.959 he joined the choir invisible, he rolled ran up the curtain. 0:27:41.160 --> 0:27:45.359 This was an X, This was an ex Keily. And 0:27:45.440 --> 0:27:49.240 so when he died, some investigators started checking out his 0:27:49.320 --> 0:27:51.439 stuff because hey, you know, there's this engine that he 0:27:51.440 --> 0:27:54.680 had been working on for for more than a decade, 0:27:55.640 --> 0:27:59.240 for more than two decades, and it would still be 0:27:59.280 --> 0:28:01.840 a very valuable contribution if it actually worked, even though 0:28:01.840 --> 0:28:05.200 he just kept on getting investments and never really produced anything. Well, 0:28:05.240 --> 0:28:08.000 the investigators discovered that there was a secret to this 0:28:08.040 --> 0:28:12.000 engine that in the basement of his house. He had 0:28:12.119 --> 0:28:15.760 a compressed air machine, and he had a hose going 0:28:15.800 --> 0:28:19.320 all the way up to the engine that was hidden. 0:28:21.000 --> 0:28:24.080 The hose itself was hidden from view. The engine, by 0:28:24.080 --> 0:28:26.440 the way, was two floors up from the basement, so 0:28:26.520 --> 0:28:28.520 it was a pretty long hose. But it turned out 0:28:28.520 --> 0:28:31.360 that the compressed air was what was making the engine run, 0:28:31.480 --> 0:28:33.679 not the water. The water had nothing to do with it. 0:28:33.880 --> 0:28:37.320 So there was another external power source that was coming 0:28:37.320 --> 0:28:41.720 in doing work on this engine, making it move, and 0:28:41.800 --> 0:28:45.440 that the whole thing, the entire time, was a complete hoax. 0:28:45.440 --> 0:28:47.360 It was just a way of building money out of 0:28:47.760 --> 0:28:52.760 gullible investors, which at that point the scientific community uh 0:28:53.280 --> 0:28:56.360 managed heroically to resist the urge of saying, ha, ha 0:28:56.560 --> 0:28:59.680 told you so. Well, it's less satisfying than the person 0:28:59.680 --> 0:29:04.800 that you tell is dead. Yeah. Well the people and 0:29:04.840 --> 0:29:07.320 the investors, yeah, they were probably poorer for it. But 0:29:07.800 --> 0:29:11.280 and you know, again, there a lot of other interesting 0:29:11.360 --> 0:29:13.440 kind of hoaxes out there. There was one that was 0:29:13.880 --> 0:29:16.720 really recent as of the recording of our four episode 0:29:16.720 --> 0:29:25.160 Spectacular by a fellow named Yarno Smeets sat Yeah. Smeets 0:29:25.160 --> 0:29:27.800 released a viral video that you guys may have seen. 0:29:27.960 --> 0:29:30.920 It got a lot of attention very early on, and 0:29:31.000 --> 0:29:34.160 a lot of critical reception as well. I mean, I 0:29:34.600 --> 0:29:37.880 think every single discussion I saw had at least a 0:29:37.880 --> 0:29:43.640 few people specifically saying something's thinky here, well, how long 0:29:43.680 --> 0:29:46.520 have people been trying to do what Smeats in the 0:29:46.600 --> 0:29:48.840 video allegedly did when you know, he strapped a set 0:29:48.840 --> 0:29:51.000 of wings on himself, you know, flapped his arms and 0:29:51.200 --> 0:29:53.800 took off. Yeah, that's exactly what happened. Want to do 0:29:53.880 --> 0:29:56.000 that in the video? He had this in the video, 0:29:56.000 --> 0:29:59.440 he had this large set of wings that were that 0:29:59.560 --> 0:30:02.360 were a match to his back, and he had these um, 0:30:02.560 --> 0:30:05.640 these handles that he could hold, and when he pulled 0:30:05.640 --> 0:30:08.160 down the handles, the wings would flap and he would 0:30:08.400 --> 0:30:11.480 He ran down a field and seemingly took off from 0:30:11.480 --> 0:30:14.040 the field and started to fly around just by flapping 0:30:14.040 --> 0:30:16.800 his wings. And meanwhile all of his cohorts are whooping 0:30:16.880 --> 0:30:21.640 and hollering and and celebrating down below. And a lot 0:30:21.720 --> 0:30:27.560 of people were, uh, let's say, skeptical for about this, 0:30:27.640 --> 0:30:30.280 and reasonably so. Well, you have to if you're going 0:30:30.320 --> 0:30:32.840 to do this, just remember well, first of all, don't 0:30:32.880 --> 0:30:34.840 try this at home. And second of all, don't fly 0:30:34.960 --> 0:30:36.640 too close to the sun because it will melt the 0:30:36.640 --> 0:30:41.720 wax that hold your feathers. Okay, lists, I'm okay, I'm 0:30:41.720 --> 0:30:43.400 going to I just want to. I want to point 0:30:43.400 --> 0:30:48.440 out the thought process that the skeptics took. So in 0:30:48.520 --> 0:30:53.360 order to fly, you have to have enough lift to 0:30:53.520 --> 0:30:57.320 counteract your weight. Yes, the force of gravity pulling you 0:30:57.360 --> 0:31:00.760 down right, So the lift has to be equal to 0:31:00.960 --> 0:31:03.800 or greater than the force of gravity pulling you downward. 0:31:04.160 --> 0:31:08.160 And lift is generated by a couple of different things, uh, 0:31:08.440 --> 0:31:15.480 including the angle of attack for your wings, also the 0:31:16.360 --> 0:31:20.120 shape of the wing itself, different scenair pressure there. There 0:31:20.120 --> 0:31:23.240 are multiple things that go into it. It's pretty complicated, actually, 0:31:23.280 --> 0:31:27.800 but you have to be able to counteract that gravity 0:31:27.840 --> 0:31:35.040 with these these other factors in order to fly. And uh, really, 0:31:35.760 --> 0:31:38.680 the the math just doesn't work out when it comes 0:31:38.680 --> 0:31:44.560 to human powered flight like in this way. Um they 0:31:44.840 --> 0:31:51.240 figured one one estimation I saw was that the fellow 0:31:51.480 --> 0:31:55.200 weighed probably around eight hundred Newton's when Newton is a 0:31:55.400 --> 0:31:58.240 point to to five pounds it's often used in these 0:31:58.320 --> 0:32:03.200 sort of physics uh calculations, And that the the gear 0:32:03.320 --> 0:32:06.440 they estimated to be at another three hundred Newton's, which 0:32:06.480 --> 0:32:09.960 means they have uh, they would have even newtons of 0:32:10.080 --> 0:32:13.560 lift would need to be generated in order to take off, 0:32:14.560 --> 0:32:18.680 and it just doesn't appear to be physically possible. So 0:32:19.880 --> 0:32:23.200 just based on that alone, the video was called into question, 0:32:23.720 --> 0:32:28.440 and Sweets, to his credit, did eventually say, yeah, it 0:32:28.560 --> 0:32:31.640 was you know, it was it was a it was 0:32:31.680 --> 0:32:33.480 all a ruse. It was a hoax. It was a joke. 0:32:34.400 --> 0:32:37.320 It was a video that we did. Ha ha ha ha. Yeah, 0:32:37.360 --> 0:32:41.959 he explained the whole thing. Yeah, um, which is, you know, 0:32:42.680 --> 0:32:45.640 slightly different approach than the ones are, the one taken 0:32:45.640 --> 0:32:49.920 by the he needs back when the balloon Boy episode 0:32:49.920 --> 0:32:53.000 went up. Balloon Boy, we'll talk about him in a second. Yeah, 0:32:53.080 --> 0:32:54.920 it just reminded me of that. Yeah, we'll have to 0:32:54.960 --> 0:32:56.560 We'll have to talk about balloon Boy because that's a 0:32:56.600 --> 0:33:01.239 great hoax story, great especially because as no one at 0:33:01.240 --> 0:33:06.600 the end of it was hurt physically. So yeah, yeah, 0:33:06.640 --> 0:33:09.360 So he he actually just came clean and said, you know, 0:33:09.360 --> 0:33:12.760 and and unashamedly so that this was you know, kind 0:33:12.800 --> 0:33:15.760 of a uh, this was kind of just a joke 0:33:16.040 --> 0:33:18.360 and um, and it was an effective one, effective enough 0:33:18.400 --> 0:33:22.680 so that some people I know we're posting this, and 0:33:23.080 --> 0:33:26.040 you could tell that they were kind of skeptical, but 0:33:26.040 --> 0:33:28.760 they were also really hoping it was real, which, you know, 0:33:28.880 --> 0:33:31.160 you can't blame him. That whole idea of flight has 0:33:31.200 --> 0:33:34.840 always been something that humans have been interested in and 0:33:35.160 --> 0:33:36.800 and the thought of being able to fly under your 0:33:36.800 --> 0:33:40.280 own power is very, um is a very alluring idea. 0:33:40.880 --> 0:33:44.680 But uh, I don't know that I knew anyone who 0:33:45.320 --> 0:33:48.960 bought it hook line and sinker, but there were quite 0:33:49.000 --> 0:33:52.480 a few people who were obviously hoping it was true 0:33:52.840 --> 0:33:56.560 not true, and sadly balloom Boy was gladly not true. 0:33:56.880 --> 0:33:59.120 So ballooon Boy. If you do not remember balloon Boy, 0:33:59.160 --> 0:34:01.360 I remember I was. That was when we were working 0:34:01.360 --> 0:34:04.880 here already, because I remember work in the office. Stopped 0:34:04.960 --> 0:34:08.120 to find out about more about this balloon Boy thing. Um. 0:34:08.200 --> 0:34:13.360 So there was this, uh, this family that had a 0:34:12.360 --> 0:34:17.560 a saucer shaped balloon. Some people might say UFO shaped balloon, 0:34:17.640 --> 0:34:22.480 but that doesn't make any sense unidentified flying objects shaped 0:34:22.520 --> 0:34:27.400 balloon balloon. By its definition, he's identified, so it can't. 0:34:28.960 --> 0:34:31.480 I'm just saying flying saucer. Yes, it was more like 0:34:31.480 --> 0:34:34.560 a flying saucer with a little basket thing underneath. Yeah, 0:34:34.600 --> 0:34:39.560 and that um that the family said that they could 0:34:39.560 --> 0:34:44.880 not locate the youngest boy in the family and falcon, 0:34:45.040 --> 0:34:48.440 and they feared that falcon was flying and this balloon 0:34:48.560 --> 0:34:52.440 thus the balloon boy and it had broken loose from 0:34:52.440 --> 0:34:55.160 its tethers, and they thought that perhaps he wouldn't he 0:34:55.239 --> 0:34:58.120 might be aboard, and news helicopters took off because it 0:34:58.200 --> 0:35:04.480 was flying by itself, you know, just wandering as balloons are, right, 0:35:04.520 --> 0:35:07.120 And so you had all these law enforcement agencies trying 0:35:07.120 --> 0:35:08.920 to figure out how were they going to try and 0:35:08.960 --> 0:35:11.360 bring the balloon down to in a way that would 0:35:11.800 --> 0:35:15.520 get that would most guarantee the boy's safety, because um, 0:35:16.239 --> 0:35:20.880 you know, it's you could shoot it down. Flooding plummeting 0:35:20.920 --> 0:35:23.040 from the sky is not the best way to preserve 0:35:23.080 --> 0:35:28.520 a little boy's uh physical health. So there was a 0:35:28.520 --> 0:35:31.719 lot of discussion about what they needed to do, and 0:35:31.840 --> 0:35:33.880 at the same time, you had a lot of critical 0:35:33.920 --> 0:35:38.160 thinkers out there saying, hang on, this balloon isn't really 0:35:38.239 --> 0:35:41.760 behaving the way it would if there were a little 0:35:41.800 --> 0:35:43.759 boy aboard there. I mean, the little boy would have 0:35:43.840 --> 0:35:46.279 to weigh nothing for this balloon to be behaving the 0:35:46.280 --> 0:35:49.360 way it is which is true. The little boy wade 0:35:49.400 --> 0:35:52.280 nothing because there was no little boy inside the balloon. 0:35:52.520 --> 0:35:54.720 It was not behaving as it would if it had 0:35:54.760 --> 0:35:58.640 a weight inside it, and uh, and so it still 0:35:58.800 --> 0:36:02.520 was a very dramatic, uh event. You know, people were 0:36:02.520 --> 0:36:05.760 really following it closely. And then the balloon did crash 0:36:05.840 --> 0:36:08.640 and people went there and looked, and there was no 0:36:08.719 --> 0:36:10.640 boy within the balloon. Then there was a worry for 0:36:10.680 --> 0:36:12.759 a while that perhaps the boy had fallen out of 0:36:12.800 --> 0:36:16.960 the balloon sometime midflight. I remember the news reports showing 0:36:17.000 --> 0:36:19.160 the map of the area that it had traversed, and 0:36:19.200 --> 0:36:22.120 how they were discussing how they were going to uh 0:36:22.239 --> 0:36:25.839 conduct the search and things. Speaking of conducting searches. Uh, 0:36:26.280 --> 0:36:28.840 it turns out when the law enforcement authorities conducted a 0:36:28.920 --> 0:36:32.440 search of their home, they found the little boy upstairs, 0:36:32.520 --> 0:36:35.520 hiding in the attic. And then they just they were 0:36:35.560 --> 0:36:39.680 all relieved because, oh, we thought you were on the 0:36:39.239 --> 0:36:41.920 They just they just had to lean on that little 0:36:41.920 --> 0:36:44.799 boy a little bit and he he cracked like a peanut. 0:36:45.000 --> 0:36:50.319 On National TV. He said, you guys said, we did 0:36:50.320 --> 0:36:53.799 this for the show. Apparently they were trying to get 0:36:53.840 --> 0:37:00.680 themselves a TV show, and um, they got themselves. Apparently 0:37:00.680 --> 0:37:04.880 they got themselves legal charges because they had expended a 0:37:04.960 --> 0:37:08.200 lot of manpower and fuel trying to figure out what 0:37:08.239 --> 0:37:09.960 was going on with this balloon. It's not nice to 0:37:10.000 --> 0:37:15.280 full mother nature or law enforcement. Yes, yes, yeah, they 0:37:15.320 --> 0:37:19.200 they were. They did not get a deal out of that, 0:37:20.239 --> 0:37:23.880 not a good one anyway. Um, yeah, that was. That 0:37:23.960 --> 0:37:26.080 was one of the more famous hoaxes there. There's some 0:37:26.160 --> 0:37:31.319 other ones. Um, liquid mountaineering, you remember that, not really so. 0:37:31.360 --> 0:37:33.520 There were these viral videos that came out a couple 0:37:33.520 --> 0:37:37.080 of years ago and they were called it was it 0:37:37.160 --> 0:37:41.560 was a new sport air quotes called liquid mountaineering, and 0:37:41.600 --> 0:37:44.839 the idea that was perpetuated in these videos was that 0:37:45.520 --> 0:37:49.000 if you were to generate enough speed in your run 0:37:49.360 --> 0:37:53.360 and come down towards a water surface at a weird angle. 0:37:53.520 --> 0:37:56.359 Usually you'd have to run down like the banks of 0:37:57.000 --> 0:38:00.279 a lake or a river u but not straight at 0:38:00.320 --> 0:38:02.279 the water. You're coming in at from an angle that 0:38:02.400 --> 0:38:06.360 you could supposedly make it out three or four steps 0:38:06.400 --> 0:38:10.200 across the water before you fell through the idea somehow 0:38:10.560 --> 0:38:14.200 that you're moving fast enough where you are skipping across 0:38:14.200 --> 0:38:17.600 the water, you you don't break that surface tension of 0:38:17.680 --> 0:38:24.440 the water itself, which is ridiculous. It's just it absolutely, 0:38:24.520 --> 0:38:27.759 patently ridiculous. The first time I saw it, I thought, well, 0:38:27.800 --> 0:38:31.280 that's that's a clever hoax, and I knew exactly how 0:38:31.320 --> 0:38:33.120 it had to have been done, and it turned out 0:38:33.160 --> 0:38:35.880 that is exactly how it was done. So in the 0:38:36.000 --> 0:38:38.600 videos it does look pretty convincing. You see these people 0:38:38.680 --> 0:38:40.799 running at a weird angle and they get like three 0:38:40.880 --> 0:38:43.480 or four steps out before they fall in. And the 0:38:43.480 --> 0:38:46.279 the idea that everyone was saying was that if you 0:38:46.320 --> 0:38:49.000 were able to keep up the speed, you could perhaps 0:38:49.080 --> 0:38:52.799 go indefinitely. That if you were really super fast, you 0:38:52.840 --> 0:38:57.480 could Remo Williams style run across the water. Service have 0:38:57.480 --> 0:39:02.520 you seen Remo Williams uh? Nor have I seen Jaws? 0:39:02.560 --> 0:39:04.520 So I imagine that running across the water could get 0:39:04.560 --> 0:39:06.640 you eaten by a shark. Well, but Remo Williams is 0:39:06.680 --> 0:39:08.720 a is a fantastic documentary. You have to go watching 0:39:09.280 --> 0:39:13.400 h so anyway, Actually, fantastic documentary is probably going a 0:39:13.400 --> 0:39:15.520 bit far, but it's fun. It's kind of in the 0:39:15.560 --> 0:39:17.480 same It feels like it's in the same universe as 0:39:17.520 --> 0:39:21.200 Buck rubans Eye. Did you see Buck RUBANSI? But I 0:39:21.239 --> 0:39:24.960 read the comic book Oh No Palette, episode four hundred 0:39:25.160 --> 0:39:29.239 and my illusions are all shattered. Um, well, we'll have 0:39:29.320 --> 0:39:33.120 a movie marathon of Jaws, Rema Williams and Bucka Rubansa. 0:39:34.320 --> 0:39:36.200 How about how a big trouble little China? Have you 0:39:36.239 --> 0:39:37.919 seen that? Can we get back on the top because 0:39:37.920 --> 0:39:42.120 that's also in that universe? Oh no, well, there's moving 0:39:42.120 --> 0:39:46.160 marathon's getting longer and longer anyway. So the running, well, 0:39:46.239 --> 0:39:49.000 the way this was actually accomplished was very simple, and 0:39:49.040 --> 0:39:51.560 sometimes those simple ideas of the best. They had a 0:39:51.600 --> 0:39:54.400 clear platform that was under the surface of the water 0:39:54.560 --> 0:39:57.840 by you know, like half an inch, so clear platform 0:39:57.920 --> 0:40:00.120 under the water. You can't see it. It looks like 0:40:00.160 --> 0:40:03.239 there's nothing there. There are actual gimmicks out there for 0:40:03.400 --> 0:40:06.600 certain magic tricks that work on a similar idea, where 0:40:06.640 --> 0:40:11.000 you've got you actually have a divider within a container 0:40:11.520 --> 0:40:14.440 that when you've got the water in the container, you 0:40:14.440 --> 0:40:16.480 can't tell that there's a divider in there at all. 0:40:16.560 --> 0:40:19.520 It just blends right in same sort of thing. This 0:40:19.600 --> 0:40:22.479 platform was under the surface of the water. You could 0:40:22.480 --> 0:40:24.680 not see it from the surface, especially at the angles 0:40:24.680 --> 0:40:26.400 they had picked, because you know, clearly didn't want to 0:40:26.440 --> 0:40:29.799 make sure that it looks as good as possible, And 0:40:29.920 --> 0:40:32.400 so when people were running across the water, they were 0:40:32.400 --> 0:40:35.239 actually running on a platform and when the platform ran out, 0:40:35.520 --> 0:40:39.640 they went through the water because it doesn't work. You 0:40:39.719 --> 0:40:41.959 can't do that. And it turned out the whole thing 0:40:42.680 --> 0:40:46.480 where it was a sort of an advertisement campaign, that 0:40:46.680 --> 0:40:49.520 was this viral advertisement attempt and it worked. You know, 0:40:49.640 --> 0:40:54.600 it's hard to engineer a viral video, you know, it's 0:40:54.760 --> 0:40:56.839 it's one of those things that usually a viral video 0:40:56.920 --> 0:41:00.799 happens just on its own. Its not like if you 0:41:00.840 --> 0:41:04.040 try to push for a viral video often that fails. 0:41:05.080 --> 0:41:07.600 In this case, it worked. But it was one that 0:41:07.680 --> 0:41:10.400 was funded by a company called High Tech Sports that 0:41:10.520 --> 0:41:14.000 made sport equipment, sport gearling shoes and things like that, 0:41:14.520 --> 0:41:18.040 and everyone in the video was wearing that kind of 0:41:18.080 --> 0:41:21.640 equipment and uh yeah, and so it turned out that 0:41:21.680 --> 0:41:24.560 it was really just sort of a clever viral ad 0:41:24.840 --> 0:41:28.200 and uh it did you know they that game worked 0:41:28.239 --> 0:41:30.560 for quite a while. It took a while before anyone 0:41:31.640 --> 0:41:38.120 really tackled it and uh and showed that it was impossible. Um, 0:41:38.280 --> 0:41:41.920 have you heard of the Pogue carburetor? Is this one 0:41:41.960 --> 0:41:44.480 that was supposed to go like a hundred miles or 0:41:44.520 --> 0:41:48.160 something more than that two miles three miles on a 0:41:48.200 --> 0:41:52.480 gallon of gas, invented by a theoretically invented by a 0:41:52.520 --> 0:41:56.399 Canadian guy named Charles Nelson Pogue. You wanted me to say, 0:41:56.480 --> 0:42:06.000 Riley Uh Nelson really? Um who? Yes? Unbelievably, Charles Nelson 0:42:06.000 --> 0:42:08.880 Poe apparently never appeared on the match game. Um no, 0:42:09.080 --> 0:42:11.440 he he had. Again, this is the same kind of 0:42:11.440 --> 0:42:17.960 thing kids. Um so yeah, Apparently if you uh operated 0:42:18.000 --> 0:42:22.560 this carburetor at a a certain temperature, and you added 0:42:22.600 --> 0:42:26.720 the fuel in a vapor state rather than a really 0:42:26.960 --> 0:42:29.959 a wet state where the part the droplets of water 0:42:30.239 --> 0:42:33.880 I mean sorry, droplets of gasoline were introduced into the carburetor, 0:42:33.920 --> 0:42:37.400 then you could get a much more efficient reaction. Uh, 0:42:37.520 --> 0:42:41.000 of course you This is one of those things that 0:42:41.239 --> 0:42:44.479 uh uh you can be skeptical of when you start 0:42:44.520 --> 0:42:46.920 to hear that he really didn't let people get a 0:42:46.960 --> 0:42:50.640 close look at what he was doing. Um, he didn't. 0:42:51.080 --> 0:42:53.680 From what I've read, he didn't seem to uh try 0:42:53.760 --> 0:42:56.600 to capitalize on this too much. He it sort of faded. 0:42:56.640 --> 0:43:01.759 But uh, people started talking about some units that were 0:43:01.760 --> 0:43:04.440 smuggled out of the laboratory and you know that they 0:43:04.440 --> 0:43:08.120 could put in your car. Um. And this this is 0:43:08.160 --> 0:43:10.560 one of those things that I think sort of on 0:43:10.600 --> 0:43:12.600 its own, would have died out if not for the 0:43:12.680 --> 0:43:15.680 rumors about it. And there's still some that that are 0:43:15.719 --> 0:43:19.239 out there that say that the uh that, um, the 0:43:19.280 --> 0:43:23.080 gasoline industry doesn't want people to know about this because 0:43:23.120 --> 0:43:27.960 it's a hidden technology that would make them obsolete. So 0:43:27.960 --> 0:43:31.280 they they're hushing it up um. And there are people 0:43:31.320 --> 0:43:33.399 promising that they could they could get it out there 0:43:33.440 --> 0:43:36.920 and uh um there that they can give this to 0:43:37.000 --> 0:43:39.920 you if you'll just you know, fork over some money, 0:43:39.960 --> 0:43:43.160 will help you out with this. But the whole conspiracy 0:43:43.160 --> 0:43:46.040 angle is a very very popular one to play when 0:43:46.040 --> 0:43:48.759 you're running a hoax. Oh yeah, because all you have 0:43:48.800 --> 0:43:51.200 to do is is suggests that there are other people 0:43:51.239 --> 0:43:53.440 who do not want this to go out because it 0:43:53.480 --> 0:43:58.520 would ruin their businesses. And then you immediately give your own, 0:43:58.880 --> 0:44:03.960 your own efforts sort of credibility there, because you're saying, look, clearly, 0:44:03.960 --> 0:44:06.239 it's in their best interest to prevent this from ever 0:44:06.320 --> 0:44:08.520 coming out. Yeah, why would they be trying so hard 0:44:08.560 --> 0:44:11.320 to defeat me if I weren't right? Right? Yeah? Yeah, 0:44:11.400 --> 0:44:13.480 that that plays into something else I'll talk about in 0:44:13.480 --> 0:44:19.320 a second. I was I just wanted to mention that no, cool, cool, No, No, 0:44:19.480 --> 0:44:22.919 I was going to talk about fusion and cold fusion. Now, 0:44:23.080 --> 0:44:26.160 now this is a little different, but it has some 0:44:26.200 --> 0:44:28.600 similarities to what you were just talking about. First of all, 0:44:29.280 --> 0:44:31.799 fusion is real, all right, we're not We're not saying 0:44:31.800 --> 0:44:33.799 that fusion does not work. We talked about it in 0:44:33.800 --> 0:44:37.040 our nuclear weapons podcast about how the fusion bomb works, 0:44:37.160 --> 0:44:39.360 right right, Yeah, and how you take two atoms and 0:44:39.360 --> 0:44:41.239 put a tiny little drop of superglue in there so 0:44:41.280 --> 0:44:44.440 they gloom together. Yeah. That superglue is called a neutron anyway, 0:44:44.560 --> 0:44:49.520 So in a fusion reactor would be phenomenal if we 0:44:49.520 --> 0:44:52.239 could get one to work, because we fusion is what 0:44:52.320 --> 0:44:56.000 the Sun does. That's that's how the Sun generates energies 0:44:56.040 --> 0:45:00.000 through fusion. It's fusing hydrogen into helium and a temperature 0:45:00.000 --> 0:45:03.520 millions of degrees do. But but yeah, the the energy 0:45:03.600 --> 0:45:09.120 released when when two atoms fused together like that is amazing. Yes, 0:45:09.480 --> 0:45:13.520 And but the problem is that in order to achieve fusion, 0:45:14.360 --> 0:45:17.040 from what we know right now, what is required is 0:45:18.120 --> 0:45:22.719 huge amounts of pressure and temperature. Actually Uh, if you 0:45:22.760 --> 0:45:25.480 had a temperature high enough, the pressure wouldn't be as important. 0:45:26.280 --> 0:45:30.200 But pressure higher pressure means that the temperature requirement starts 0:45:30.239 --> 0:45:32.680 to drop. But you need an incredible amount of both 0:45:33.239 --> 0:45:35.640 in order to achieve fusion. And that's been one of 0:45:35.680 --> 0:45:38.719 those problems that scientists have been trying to tackle for 0:45:39.560 --> 0:45:41.600 more than a decade as they try to create a 0:45:41.640 --> 0:45:45.200 fusion reactor, because nuclear reactors work on fussion, not fusion, 0:45:45.920 --> 0:45:48.279 but the right right. But there are a lot of 0:45:48.280 --> 0:45:50.600 different labs across the world they're working on trying to 0:45:50.640 --> 0:45:53.000 create fusion, and they're doing this through things like using 0:45:53.080 --> 0:45:56.680 high powered lasers to initiate that first reaction to create 0:45:56.760 --> 0:46:02.360 the conditions necessary to have fusion. But uh, there's a 0:46:02.440 --> 0:46:07.840 joke within nuclear physics that fusion reactors are thirty years away, 0:46:08.360 --> 0:46:10.480 and ten years from now they will be thirty years away, 0:46:10.840 --> 0:46:12.960 and twenty years from now they'll be thirty years away. 0:46:13.040 --> 0:46:16.680 That's just gonna be a moving goalpost that that we 0:46:16.760 --> 0:46:19.600 never achieve. Now, that may not be true. We may 0:46:19.880 --> 0:46:23.640 tackle that and and and beat it. We may figure 0:46:23.640 --> 0:46:27.400 out how to create a fusion reactor that is reliable 0:46:27.560 --> 0:46:30.200 and does not require so much energy to initiate it. 0:46:30.480 --> 0:46:34.040 That it is that it is not impractical, right, because 0:46:34.080 --> 0:46:35.520 that's the other problem is that you know, you've got 0:46:35.640 --> 0:46:38.840 to have a practical reactor doesn't If it works, but 0:46:38.920 --> 0:46:41.080 it takes way too much energy to get it going, 0:46:41.200 --> 0:46:44.960 then it's not really practical. So those are the two goals. Well, 0:46:45.040 --> 0:46:49.279 cold fusion is this idea that you are able to 0:46:49.840 --> 0:46:54.239 create fusion reactions and generate energy, but at a temperature 0:46:54.440 --> 0:46:59.239 much lower than a typical fusion reaction would require. So 0:46:59.280 --> 0:47:02.440 we're talking not necessarily room temperature, still telling in temperature 0:47:02.440 --> 0:47:06.200 in the hundreds of degrees, but not millions of degrees. Yeah. 0:47:06.200 --> 0:47:09.000 Now I remember, of course the thing that you're about 0:47:09.040 --> 0:47:12.560 to talk about, uh, in just a moment here um, 0:47:12.600 --> 0:47:16.399 because I was in I think high school, um, and 0:47:16.560 --> 0:47:19.920 uh yeah, that was it was. It caused a sensation because, um, 0:47:19.960 --> 0:47:23.879 there were a couple of scientists who said, hey, we've 0:47:23.920 --> 0:47:27.120 managed to create fusion at room temperature. That would be 0:47:27.200 --> 0:47:34.600 Ponds and Fleishman. Very famous, uh, famous for both the 0:47:34.600 --> 0:47:39.360 the hoopla surrounding the announcement and the fallout that followed 0:47:40.040 --> 0:47:43.200 because it was it was ugly, I mean in scientific circles, 0:47:43.239 --> 0:47:45.200 it was about as ugly as it could get. So 0:47:45.320 --> 0:47:49.120 Ponds and Fleishman had done this experiment and they were 0:47:49.760 --> 0:47:52.160 they discovered that there was this this heat that was 0:47:52.200 --> 0:47:56.520 being generated in the experiment that they could not explain easily, 0:47:56.600 --> 0:47:59.080 and so they were trying to find the source of 0:47:59.120 --> 0:48:03.840 this anomalous eat and in part of their their experiments 0:48:03.880 --> 0:48:06.239 and then their observations, they determined that it must have 0:48:06.320 --> 0:48:11.120 been the result of fusion, that that the elements within 0:48:11.160 --> 0:48:13.960 their experiment were fusing together, and that the heat was 0:48:14.040 --> 0:48:17.920 a byproduct of that, which was phenomenal because at those 0:48:17.920 --> 0:48:22.040 temperatures that was unheard of. Uh. There were other labs 0:48:22.080 --> 0:48:24.759 that tried to replicate their experiments, and some of the 0:48:24.840 --> 0:48:28.960 early attempts appeared to at least lend some credence, including 0:48:29.080 --> 0:48:33.239 one that happened at Georgia Tech. However, then there were 0:48:33.360 --> 0:48:38.640 later experiments done with really well calibrated equipment that showed 0:48:39.000 --> 0:48:42.600 no replicability this experiment. And by the way, in science, 0:48:42.640 --> 0:48:45.080 that's really important. You have to if you have an 0:48:45.120 --> 0:48:48.439 experiment and you've come to a conclusion that experiment needs 0:48:48.440 --> 0:48:50.920 to be replicable, you need to be able to repeat 0:48:50.960 --> 0:48:54.759 it and have the same outcome each time. Otherwise it's 0:48:55.000 --> 0:48:59.959 not it's not worth anything scientifically because if you can't 0:49:00.080 --> 0:49:03.120 predicted and you can't replicate it, then there's nothing there. 0:49:03.840 --> 0:49:09.600 So yeah, that's the way science works. So the future 0:49:10.160 --> 0:49:15.160 experiments seemed to negate Ponds and Flishman's um findings, and 0:49:15.200 --> 0:49:18.600 Ponds and Flishman both continued to work in the field 0:49:19.280 --> 0:49:22.480 and receive funding from various sources, including I think it 0:49:22.520 --> 0:49:25.440 was a university in Utah that was funding some research 0:49:25.480 --> 0:49:27.400 for quite some time, but then eventually they cut it 0:49:27.400 --> 0:49:30.120 off because after years and years of research, there was 0:49:30.200 --> 0:49:34.879 still no measurable impact. There was nothing that had really 0:49:34.920 --> 0:49:38.480 come out of it. And uh. And so even to 0:49:38.520 --> 0:49:40.719 this day, there are plenty of scientists out there who 0:49:40.760 --> 0:49:43.560 are trying to find out if cold fusion really does, 0:49:44.280 --> 0:49:46.760 like if if it really can't exist, And there's there's 0:49:46.800 --> 0:49:50.520 nothing necessarily in physics that says it's impossible. It's just 0:49:50.560 --> 0:49:54.000 that based upon everything we've observed, it seems very improbable 0:49:54.880 --> 0:49:59.400 and that it would take extraordinary proof to counteract that. 0:50:00.160 --> 0:50:05.280 I've actually read some very interesting thoughts from various physicists, 0:50:05.320 --> 0:50:10.920 including skeptics of cold fusion, who think that the scientific 0:50:11.040 --> 0:50:16.160 environment surrounding cold fusion is um counterproductive because what what 0:50:16.239 --> 0:50:20.280 cold fusion proponents would say is that the scientific community 0:50:20.400 --> 0:50:24.560 is biased against cold fusion, right, that that they they 0:50:24.600 --> 0:50:28.640 believe that that they're being dogmatic, that they believe without 0:50:29.239 --> 0:50:32.680 without reason, that cold fusion is impossible, and they dismiss 0:50:32.719 --> 0:50:35.960 it out of hand, and they will refuse to publish papers, 0:50:36.160 --> 0:50:39.520 peer reviewed papers about cold fusion and peer reviewed journals. 0:50:40.400 --> 0:50:43.520 So they're essentially saying that we're being ostracized by the 0:50:43.520 --> 0:50:47.799 scientific community. Well, there's some people within the scientific community that, 0:50:48.000 --> 0:50:50.879 you know, the consensus, the people who actually say that 0:50:50.960 --> 0:50:54.920 cold fusion probably can't work, who say, you know what, 0:50:55.040 --> 0:50:58.480 they've got something there. Because if we do not allow 0:50:58.560 --> 0:51:02.080 them to submit papers to peer reviewed journals and actually 0:51:02.120 --> 0:51:06.520 have peer review and undergo a strict scientific examination of 0:51:06.560 --> 0:51:11.200 their processes, all we're really doing is reinforcing their belief 0:51:11.280 --> 0:51:14.480 that they are right. So that maybe what the best 0:51:14.480 --> 0:51:16.640 thing to do is open up a little bit more. 0:51:17.040 --> 0:51:20.640 Take in these proposals, take in these studies, really take 0:51:20.680 --> 0:51:23.920 a look at them, try and determine if there is 0:51:23.960 --> 0:51:27.880 in fact anything there before just dismissing it, because otherwise, 0:51:27.880 --> 0:51:31.279 all we're doing is creating this subculture that could very well. 0:51:31.640 --> 0:51:34.600 They might be onto something, or it might be that 0:51:34.680 --> 0:51:37.200 they're chasing a pipe dream. And if we were able 0:51:37.239 --> 0:51:40.320 to say, look, we really did give this our full attention, 0:51:41.080 --> 0:51:43.799 we really did listen to you, and this is what 0:51:43.840 --> 0:51:48.239 we found, maybe those people would redirect their efforts into 0:51:48.320 --> 0:51:52.200 something else instead of chasing something that isn't working. In 0:51:52.239 --> 0:51:55.560 either case, it's a win, right. If if they're right, 0:51:55.800 --> 0:51:57.799 If the if the cold fusion people are right, then 0:51:57.840 --> 0:52:02.120 we've suddenly got an avenue to amazing ways of generating 0:52:02.200 --> 0:52:08.200 energy that are potentially eco friendly, are totally renewable type 0:52:08.239 --> 0:52:10.799 of sources. It would be almost endless energy. So that's 0:52:10.800 --> 0:52:13.719 a great dream. Um. And if they're wrong, then we've 0:52:13.760 --> 0:52:16.560 got all these really smart people who are otherwise following 0:52:16.680 --> 0:52:20.279 a fool's errand moving on to something else. So either 0:52:20.360 --> 0:52:23.000 way we win, right, And science is supposed to work 0:52:23.040 --> 0:52:24.960 that way too, And you're not supposed to make a 0:52:25.000 --> 0:52:29.400 decision on uh, the outcome until you've seen the results 0:52:29.480 --> 0:52:34.400 of the experiment. Um, So it should be that you know, 0:52:34.440 --> 0:52:37.839 people are getting a fair shake. Um, you know, once 0:52:37.880 --> 0:52:40.800 they actually see the results of the experiment, not before 0:52:40.920 --> 0:52:43.560 they've had an opportunity to try it out. Yeah, so 0:52:43.760 --> 0:52:46.239 I and I want to go on record about the 0:52:46.239 --> 0:52:49.279 whole cold fusion thing. From my perspective, I am very 0:52:49.360 --> 0:52:54.920 skeptical that cold fusion works. But I don't dismiss it 0:52:54.960 --> 0:52:57.560 out of hand because first of all, my my knowledge 0:52:57.600 --> 0:53:01.080 of physics is limited, so and and chemistry as well. 0:53:01.239 --> 0:53:04.000 This chemistry really plays a huge part in cold fusion. 0:53:04.000 --> 0:53:06.319 In fact, that's what a lot of cold fusion uh 0:53:06.440 --> 0:53:09.520 proponents say is the problem is that it's physicists who 0:53:09.560 --> 0:53:12.480 are poo pooing cold fusion, and it should be chemists 0:53:12.520 --> 0:53:16.320 who talk about it. Um. I admit that my knowledge 0:53:16.320 --> 0:53:19.239 on both of those subjects is limited, so uh so, 0:53:19.400 --> 0:53:21.919 I could you know it could very well work, but 0:53:22.200 --> 0:53:26.360 just based upon the information I've read from scientists whom 0:53:26.120 --> 0:53:30.640 I respect, I am, I am skeptical of it. Now. 0:53:30.680 --> 0:53:32.840 If it does turn out to work, that is awesome 0:53:33.040 --> 0:53:35.920 because it will be, and it will it would change 0:53:35.960 --> 0:53:39.640 the world unlike anything else, Like I can't imagine any 0:53:39.719 --> 0:53:43.239 technology changing the world more than cold fusion would. Yeah, 0:53:43.280 --> 0:53:45.400 I agree with you there, I just don't think it's 0:53:45.400 --> 0:53:48.879 going to happen Unsunfortunately, uh so, we had some other 0:53:49.120 --> 0:53:51.799 kind of hoaxes that would be interesting to talk about 0:53:51.800 --> 0:53:59.320 like you had a certain certain certain autopsy. Yeah, yeah, 0:53:59.360 --> 0:54:02.239 I remember, yeah, yeah, I was watching an episode of 0:54:02.360 --> 0:54:06.160 X Files. I remember, um yeah it was in the 0:54:07.000 --> 0:54:10.040 ES when Fox here in the United States was showing 0:54:10.600 --> 0:54:15.000 these uh the special on uh an alien body that 0:54:15.080 --> 0:54:19.200 had been discovered. UM and uh you know this was 0:54:19.200 --> 0:54:23.719 supposed to be uh footage video footage shot after the 0:54:23.920 --> 0:54:29.200 Roswell supposed alien landing in Roswell. There's problems New Mexico problem, 0:54:29.239 --> 0:54:33.719 no one. Those were those were spy balloons essentially um 0:54:34.040 --> 0:54:37.520 crashed in Roswell as it As it turns out, UM, 0:54:37.600 --> 0:54:43.719 they were actually using animal organs and raspberry jam inside 0:54:43.760 --> 0:54:48.520 these supposed alien bodies. And the the camera camera person, 0:54:49.719 --> 0:54:54.279 who was an Englishman named Ray Santilly, actually admitted to 0:54:54.320 --> 0:54:58.239 it in two thousand and six. So the whole uh 0:54:58.640 --> 0:55:05.920 scientific alien uncovering apparently not too much scientific. Yeah. I 0:55:05.920 --> 0:55:10.239 remember seeing uh skeptics talk about that. I mean, obviously 0:55:10.280 --> 0:55:12.080 they're going to as soon as that video hit the 0:55:12.080 --> 0:55:17.080 airwaves and uh, and one of those skeptics was Rick Baker. 0:55:17.360 --> 0:55:21.360 Do you recognize that name? Hollywood? Uh special effects and 0:55:21.360 --> 0:55:25.160 makeup artists. He's He's done some amazing amazing work in 0:55:25.480 --> 0:55:30.000 Hollywood on various documentaries and uh, and so he had 0:55:30.000 --> 0:55:32.160 to throw that one in there too. But uh, yeah, 0:55:32.239 --> 0:55:35.880 he said he just felt it was just a model puppet. 0:55:36.239 --> 0:55:39.720 That's all it was was. It was not anything truly 0:55:40.160 --> 0:55:42.440 organic in the sense of like this was not actually 0:55:42.480 --> 0:55:45.600 a creature. Also reminds me of do you remember here 0:55:45.640 --> 0:55:50.000 in Georgia we had the big foot bigfoot hoax? Yeah, 0:55:50.000 --> 0:55:52.719 there were. I wish I didn't pull this information up 0:55:52.719 --> 0:55:54.200 because I didn't think about it, so it doesn't really 0:55:54.200 --> 0:55:57.719 fit with technology. But there was the hoax that a 0:55:57.760 --> 0:56:01.759 couple of guys had had managed to either I can't 0:56:01.800 --> 0:56:04.359 I guess they either killed the bigfoot or they came 0:56:04.440 --> 0:56:06.440 upon its corpse, one of the two, and that they 0:56:06.440 --> 0:56:08.759 had it preserved and they were going to show it off. 0:56:08.800 --> 0:56:10.160 And it turned out that all it was was a 0:56:10.440 --> 0:56:13.400 big foot costume and some meat that have been stuffed 0:56:13.400 --> 0:56:17.600 into a like an iglue ice chest or something, and 0:56:17.640 --> 0:56:20.720 it still managed to cause quite a stir before before 0:56:20.800 --> 0:56:28.240 anyone said hey, so yeah, I remember that. Um, but uh, 0:56:28.400 --> 0:56:32.360 the I only have one other big um hoax that 0:56:32.400 --> 0:56:33.879 I was going to talk about. Is there anything else 0:56:33.880 --> 0:56:36.279 you wanted to chat about before we move into things 0:56:36.320 --> 0:56:38.880 that make Jonathan's head explode. See you didn't when you 0:56:38.920 --> 0:56:40.960 said that about the big foot. It reminded me of 0:56:40.960 --> 0:56:44.680 the chupacabra, the one that washed up on which turned 0:56:44.680 --> 0:56:47.319 out to be a hairless wolf. Yeah. Now, there there's 0:56:47.320 --> 0:56:51.280 been There's been a few cases of animals that have 0:56:52.120 --> 0:56:56.120 probably suffered something like mange that their their bodies have 0:56:56.200 --> 0:56:58.840 washed up on the shores of various lakes. That always 0:56:58.920 --> 0:57:03.040 end up starting off some discussion about here too for 0:57:03.360 --> 0:57:09.200 undiscovered animal like a chupa cabra um, but not so 0:57:09.280 --> 0:57:11.960 much chupa thinging. It's got a nice ring to it. 0:57:13.280 --> 0:57:15.520 So did you have any other ones who want to 0:57:15.520 --> 0:57:17.400 talk about? All right, so we're gonna segue into the 0:57:17.400 --> 0:57:21.840 one that that gets me insanely angry. Should I get 0:57:21.840 --> 0:57:26.000 the fire extinguisher you might want to, Okay? So, I 0:57:26.080 --> 0:57:29.640 mean I get angry when people pull hoaxes on on 0:57:29.680 --> 0:57:32.920 other folks for financial gain. If it's like a harmless 0:57:33.000 --> 0:57:35.640 joke type thing, where the whole purpose of it is 0:57:35.680 --> 0:57:38.560 just to say ha ha, I'm clever and and teach 0:57:38.560 --> 0:57:42.120 you a lesson about critical thinking. That that can irritate me. 0:57:42.160 --> 0:57:45.560 But I understand that and if it actually does serve 0:57:45.600 --> 0:57:48.640 a purpose in teaching people to think critically, that's that's 0:57:48.640 --> 0:57:53.960 a positive outcome. In my book, people who are uh 0:57:54.120 --> 0:57:57.600 leveraging other folks vulnerability and pulling the wool over their 0:57:57.600 --> 0:58:01.360 eyes in order to make money and potentially harming countless 0:58:01.400 --> 0:58:05.760 people in the process get me so infuriated that it's 0:58:05.800 --> 0:58:08.800 hard for me to form complete sentences. One of those 0:58:08.800 --> 0:58:13.439 people for us, one of those people is Jim McCormick. Now, 0:58:13.520 --> 0:58:18.120 Jim McCormick created something called the a d E six 0:58:18.240 --> 0:58:22.840 five one bomb Detector. Now, this bomb detector, what it 0:58:22.880 --> 0:58:25.840 looked like was that you had like a kind of 0:58:25.840 --> 0:58:28.120 a thing that would clip onto your belt and there 0:58:28.120 --> 0:58:30.160 would be a cable that would run from that to 0:58:30.440 --> 0:58:35.320 a handheld device that had this antenna looking thing that 0:58:35.360 --> 0:58:39.560 came out of it. And supposedly this device was capable 0:58:39.760 --> 0:58:42.680 of sniffing out a bomb as far away as a kilometer, 0:58:43.840 --> 0:58:46.520 so that you could actually detect bombs even if they 0:58:46.520 --> 0:58:50.040 were underground or flying overhead or whatever. You would be 0:58:50.120 --> 0:58:53.240 able to detect these bombs. And McCormick ended up selling 0:58:53.280 --> 0:58:57.320 these at around forty dollars of pop to the Iraqi 0:58:57.360 --> 0:59:03.320 government after the the the United States got involved with 0:59:04.040 --> 0:59:08.840 with trying to deal with all that. So you had 0:59:08.880 --> 0:59:13.480 this very vulnerable population, and you had a very solid 0:59:13.560 --> 0:59:17.000 need for bomb detection equipment because there were a lot 0:59:17.040 --> 0:59:20.800 of improvised explosive devices i e. D s that people 0:59:20.840 --> 0:59:24.840 were worried about. You had folks who were willing to 0:59:25.080 --> 0:59:27.400 be a suicide bomber. So there were a lot of 0:59:27.440 --> 0:59:29.960 reasons why you would want this, and it would help 0:59:30.000 --> 0:59:32.600 a lot with things like roadblocks and and you know, 0:59:32.880 --> 0:59:35.200 vehicle checks and all this kind of stuff that most 0:59:35.240 --> 0:59:38.760 of us, thankfully don't have to worry about, all right, 0:59:38.800 --> 0:59:40.440 but for the people who do have to worry about them, 0:59:40.440 --> 0:59:43.280 it is a very real concern. And so they had 0:59:43.480 --> 0:59:46.160 a true need and we're very vulnerable. And McCormick came 0:59:46.200 --> 0:59:48.960 up and said, here's this device. It can detect things 0:59:48.960 --> 0:59:53.080 from up to a kilometer away. Um, it's completely reliable. 0:59:53.480 --> 0:59:56.080 You should buy them. And so the Iraqi government purchased 0:59:56.160 --> 0:59:59.760 for around eighty five million dollars worth of these things. 1:00:00.040 --> 1:00:04.600 M hmm. Here's the problem. They don't work. There's nothing 1:00:04.840 --> 1:00:08.160 in them. If you were to open up the the handset, 1:00:08.920 --> 1:00:10.920 you would just see that the antennas just screwed into 1:00:10.920 --> 1:00:13.320 a little plastic casing. It doesn't have anything in it. 1:00:13.800 --> 1:00:17.560 The cable doesn't carry any information to it. You would 1:00:17.560 --> 1:00:19.720 have these little cards that would supposedly help you sniff 1:00:19.720 --> 1:00:22.320 out different types of bombs, that should slide into a slot. 1:00:22.600 --> 1:00:26.280 The cards did nothing. The slot did nothing. Inside the 1:00:26.520 --> 1:00:31.600 the the belt case was you know, useless stuff like 1:00:31.840 --> 1:00:33.720 you might find some wires and things, but they weren't 1:00:33.720 --> 1:00:37.400 connected to anything. It was just and it was really 1:00:37.440 --> 1:00:41.560 just a case and a bunch of unconnected wires. So 1:00:41.600 --> 1:00:45.040 there was no physical way this thing could work. There 1:00:45.080 --> 1:00:49.479 was just nothing that would give it any sort of functionality. Um. 1:00:49.520 --> 1:00:54.120 And it turned out that apparently McCormick was also a 1:00:54.160 --> 1:00:59.160 believer in dowsing, which makes perfect sense because dowsing is 1:00:59.200 --> 1:01:02.720 again something has no evidence. There's no evidence at all 1:01:02.840 --> 1:01:06.920 to support dowsing. Dowsing is more of a of a 1:01:07.360 --> 1:01:10.320 video was it called It's the it's the effect that 1:01:10.320 --> 1:01:12.640 you have where you cannot you know, you make small, 1:01:12.720 --> 1:01:15.600 tiny little emotions with your hands that you don't consciously detect, 1:01:15.640 --> 1:01:19.160 but you're making them, and as a result, things in 1:01:19.200 --> 1:01:20.960 your hands might move around a little bit, and you 1:01:21.000 --> 1:01:22.840 may think they're moving on their own accord or some 1:01:22.920 --> 1:01:25.160 other external forces acting on them. But really it's just 1:01:25.280 --> 1:01:27.640 you doing it. And I know our listeners probably know 1:01:27.720 --> 1:01:29.720 the term for that. It just escaped my mind. So 1:01:30.000 --> 1:01:31.640 feel free to write in and let me know, because 1:01:31.640 --> 1:01:34.200 I'm sure that after about fifty of those, I'll never 1:01:34.240 --> 1:01:38.280 forget again and you'll be doing me a service. Um. 1:01:38.320 --> 1:01:42.000 But yeah, so McCormick had sold millions of dollars of these. 1:01:42.000 --> 1:01:46.320 He eventually was taken into custody and uh and and 1:01:46.400 --> 1:01:50.520 charged with fraud. Here's the other tragic part of this. 1:01:51.200 --> 1:01:56.760 The Iraqi government acknowledge that some of the devices would 1:01:56.760 --> 1:02:00.640 not work, but did not discontinue using the as devices 1:02:01.720 --> 1:02:04.560 because well, I can't really say why, because because I 1:02:04.600 --> 1:02:06.840 don't know, right, I'm not probably the Iraqi government, I 1:02:06.880 --> 1:02:09.480 would suspect that part of the reason was that it 1:02:09.520 --> 1:02:11.880 was trying to save face, because to admit that they 1:02:11.920 --> 1:02:14.919 had spent eighty five million dollars on a fraud would 1:02:14.920 --> 1:02:19.520 have been deeply embarrassing, and so maybe they weighed that 1:02:19.680 --> 1:02:22.240 against like do we want to lose that much face 1:02:22.400 --> 1:02:25.320 or do we want to just quietly keep using this 1:02:25.440 --> 1:02:29.680 knowing it doesn't work with the with the with the 1:02:30.120 --> 1:02:32.760 knowledge paired with that knowing that people could die as 1:02:32.760 --> 1:02:35.880 a result. If someone has given a piece of equipment 1:02:35.880 --> 1:02:38.320 and told that this is what it does, and he 1:02:38.440 --> 1:02:41.280 or she truly believes that that's the case, then you 1:02:41.320 --> 1:02:44.120 have just put that person at risk and they could 1:02:44.200 --> 1:02:47.920 lose their lives in the process. And to me, that 1:02:48.080 --> 1:02:52.120 is just so reprehensible, both on the part of McCormick 1:02:52.160 --> 1:02:54.800 and on the part of the government that I knew 1:02:54.800 --> 1:02:56.880 that it was a fraud at that point but refused 1:02:56.880 --> 1:03:01.240 to get rid of it. It's unthinkable to me. I 1:03:01.280 --> 1:03:07.600 can't I can't imagine being so so uncaring as to 1:03:07.680 --> 1:03:11.280 be able to perpetuate that sort of crime on people. 1:03:13.240 --> 1:03:15.440 And this is where I get angry. I mean, I've 1:03:15.480 --> 1:03:18.840 done talks about critical thinking and technology a couple of times. 1:03:19.520 --> 1:03:22.040 This is always the piece that I end on and 1:03:22.080 --> 1:03:23.840 the reason why I end on this pieces. I think 1:03:23.840 --> 1:03:28.120 it is so important to illustrate why critical thinking is 1:03:28.240 --> 1:03:32.360 fundamental in everything we do, not just technology. And I 1:03:32.440 --> 1:03:35.000 will be the first to admit that I have I 1:03:35.040 --> 1:03:37.800 have had lapses in critical thinking myself. There are times 1:03:37.800 --> 1:03:40.680 where I will see something and I accept it, and 1:03:40.680 --> 1:03:43.360 then later on I see that I was wrong, and 1:03:43.400 --> 1:03:46.480 I think all the indicators were there, And if I 1:03:46.480 --> 1:03:49.000 had only paid attention and thought about this for more 1:03:49.000 --> 1:03:51.600 than a second rather than just accept it, then I 1:03:51.600 --> 1:03:54.280 could have I could have been free of being fooled 1:03:54.280 --> 1:03:57.040 of it from the beginning. And it's good to have 1:03:57.120 --> 1:04:00.160 those moments and to realize that we're all fallible and 1:04:00.200 --> 1:04:03.040 we can all make these mistakes, and if we're just careful, 1:04:03.080 --> 1:04:06.800 then we will make fewer of those mistakes in the future. UM. 1:04:06.800 --> 1:04:10.400 But that's why I always end with this piece, because 1:04:10.440 --> 1:04:12.840 I think I think our listeners are the smart kind 1:04:12.840 --> 1:04:16.000 of people who know that if they're just if they're 1:04:16.040 --> 1:04:19.080 careful and they think about things, and they really say, 1:04:19.120 --> 1:04:21.640 based upon all the information that we have so far, 1:04:22.360 --> 1:04:26.000 is this really likely? Or could this just be a 1:04:26.040 --> 1:04:30.200 scam or a trick or someone who has deluded themselves 1:04:30.200 --> 1:04:34.320 into believing that something that is impossible is possible. UM. 1:04:34.440 --> 1:04:37.640 I recommend everyone out there just follow that that sort 1:04:37.640 --> 1:04:41.520 of philosophy. You know, Skepticism doesn't mean that you are 1:04:41.800 --> 1:04:45.160 dismissing something out of hand, because to do that is 1:04:45.200 --> 1:04:48.880 to be dogmatic, and that's not what skepticism means. Skepticism 1:04:48.920 --> 1:04:52.240 means that you are examining things, you're looking for evidence. 1:04:52.600 --> 1:04:56.440 You are looking for that causal relationship that is necessary 1:04:56.520 --> 1:04:59.680 to say that this one thing makes this other thing happen. 1:05:00.160 --> 1:05:03.960 You're using science. Science is a process. It's not a 1:05:04.040 --> 1:05:07.960 philosophy necessarily. It's it's a process of observing our universe, 1:05:08.040 --> 1:05:11.880 drawing conclusions, and making predictions based on those conclusions that 1:05:12.320 --> 1:05:14.440 should come true based upon what we know, and if 1:05:14.440 --> 1:05:15.960 they don't come true, it means we have to re 1:05:16.080 --> 1:05:19.280 examine what we thought we knew and try and come 1:05:19.360 --> 1:05:24.560 up with new sets of rules and guidelines and so so, guys, Um, 1:05:24.720 --> 1:05:27.400 I think, I think everyone who listens to this show, 1:05:27.480 --> 1:05:29.560 everyone who has written into us, shows that they have 1:05:29.720 --> 1:05:33.840 this capability, and I encourage you to continue to develop it. 1:05:34.240 --> 1:05:37.800 And just know that even the smartest people out there 1:05:37.880 --> 1:05:42.600 can be fooled into these the stuff that doesn't work 1:05:43.200 --> 1:05:45.920 right right well, and there's there's just going to be 1:05:45.960 --> 1:05:49.000 more of it, um, whether it's you know, got good 1:05:49.000 --> 1:05:52.840 intentions behind it, like um, the scientists trying to create 1:05:52.840 --> 1:05:56.320 perpetual motion machines in the past, or uh, you know, 1:05:56.360 --> 1:06:00.320 the cold fusion experiments or which who knows, maybe they'll 1:06:00.360 --> 1:06:03.640 turn out yep, yep, well, it's it's worth investigating on 1:06:03.640 --> 1:06:08.040 a scientific basis. Um. And uh, you know, then there 1:06:08.040 --> 1:06:11.560 are the others where people are intentionally trying to defraud others. 1:06:12.120 --> 1:06:16.080 You know, it's it's we're never going to be uh 1:06:16.120 --> 1:06:18.600 in a world where people don't try new things, whether 1:06:18.640 --> 1:06:22.440 it's for good or or still cash. Um, there are 1:06:22.480 --> 1:06:25.400 plenty of plenty of people out there who are ready 1:06:25.440 --> 1:06:28.920 and willing to prey upon those who are willing to believe. 1:06:29.520 --> 1:06:32.400 So maybe for our eight we'll tackle a whole new 1:06:32.440 --> 1:06:35.640 set of tech that doesn't work. Yeah, yeah, I think yeah, 1:06:35.640 --> 1:06:38.560 that'll be our our four hundreds. Every every multiple of 1:06:38.600 --> 1:06:41.080 four hundred, we'll just do new stuff that doesn't work. 1:06:41.280 --> 1:06:44.080 All right, I'm okay with that. But by episode that 1:06:44.160 --> 1:06:49.080 might be us. So it's the guys, thanks so much 1:06:49.200 --> 1:06:51.840 for listening to our show. We don't say it often enough. 1:06:51.920 --> 1:06:54.240 We love you. Guys. Were so glad that you listen 1:06:54.320 --> 1:06:56.360 to us. We hope that you've been enjoying our show 1:06:56.400 --> 1:06:58.680 so far. We plan on doing this as long as 1:06:58.680 --> 1:07:01.760 they led us to do it. We're not We're not 1:07:01.800 --> 1:07:05.280 going anywhere unless uh, well, you know, unless there's something 1:07:05.280 --> 1:07:08.520 that we just can't can't control. Because sometimes that we 1:07:08.560 --> 1:07:11.200 don't work either. Well, there was that one day when 1:07:11.200 --> 1:07:14.520 we came into record and we couldn't because the text 1:07:14.560 --> 1:07:17.560 just didn't work. That's true. There are those days actually happen. 1:07:17.640 --> 1:07:20.560 That does happen even to the best of us. But 1:07:20.600 --> 1:07:24.320 if you guys have any suggestions for future episode topics 1:07:24.360 --> 1:07:27.320 you would like us to tackle, let us know. You 1:07:27.320 --> 1:07:31.880 can email us our addresses tech stuff at Discovery dot com, 1:07:32.040 --> 1:07:34.560 or you can send us a message via Facebook or 1:07:34.600 --> 1:07:37.360 Twitter or handle at both of those is text stuff 1:07:37.680 --> 1:07:39.880 h sw and Chris and I will talk to you 1:07:39.920 --> 1:07:47.080 again or hundred freaking times really soon. Be sure to 1:07:47.160 --> 1:07:49.920 check out our new video podcast, Stuff from the Future. 1:07:50.280 --> 1:07:52.600 Join House Stuff Work staff as we explore the most 1:07:52.600 --> 1:07:57.439 promising and perplexing possibilities of tomorrow. The House Stuff Works 1:07:57.440 --> 1:08:00.680 I Fine app has arrived. Download it today on items 1:08:05.240 --> 1:08:07.840 brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera. 1:08:08.160 --> 1:08:09.280 It's ready, are you