WEBVTT - Bedside Manners 8: Heartwrench 0:00:05.240 --> 0:00:08.440 Richard Renaissent returned home from a funeral only to find 0:00:08.480 --> 0:00:12.000 no less than eight anxious young couples waiting to see him. 0:00:12.160 --> 0:00:15.360 Many had ventured the short mile over a newly constructed 0:00:15.400 --> 0:00:19.000 toll road between England and Scotland, gunning for the tiny 0:00:19.040 --> 0:00:22.760 town of Gretna Green as their final destination. They had 0:00:22.800 --> 0:00:26.080 all heard about him. In fact, Richard was somewhat famous, 0:00:26.360 --> 0:00:30.040 a gregarious tall tale teller and yarn spinner who had 0:00:30.080 --> 0:00:32.600 been at his post for decades. He moved here to 0:00:32.640 --> 0:00:35.680 do an important job, and a pretty infamous one at that. 0:00:36.320 --> 0:00:39.440 Richard came to Gretna Green, Scotland in nineteen thirty six 0:00:39.760 --> 0:00:43.519 after hearing about a very special job vacancy. A saddler 0:00:43.520 --> 0:00:45.600 by trade, he took up a post as the town's 0:00:45.640 --> 0:00:50.159 residence Annville Priest, a title and distinction entirely specific to 0:00:50.240 --> 0:00:53.080 this small slice of the world. All of these young 0:00:53.120 --> 0:00:56.080 couples were here to get married, and Richard was going 0:00:56.120 --> 0:00:58.880 to be the one to officiate. They had traveled over 0:00:58.920 --> 0:01:01.560 the border to see him, many of them in secrets, 0:01:01.640 --> 0:01:05.360 and many quickly. This was often the nature of his work. 0:01:05.720 --> 0:01:07.959 To many, he was a hero. To others, he and 0:01:08.040 --> 0:01:11.000 those who came before him were a walking, talking loophole 0:01:11.040 --> 0:01:14.040 that defied the sanctity of marriage and was a thorn 0:01:14.120 --> 0:01:17.240 in the Church of England's side. The Marriage Duty Act 0:01:17.400 --> 0:01:20.280 sixteen ninety five put a stop to the marriages of 0:01:20.319 --> 0:01:23.759 small parish churches that were conducted by local clergy without 0:01:23.840 --> 0:01:27.440 the proper marriage licensing. A legal loophole was found, though, 0:01:27.560 --> 0:01:30.400 and the clergy are those who said they were clergy 0:01:30.720 --> 0:01:34.600 realized they couldn't be prosecuted for shotgun weddings should they 0:01:34.720 --> 0:01:37.880 take place on the grounds of Fleet Prison, and over 0:01:37.920 --> 0:01:41.920 the years these amounted to the thousands. A whole cottage 0:01:41.959 --> 0:01:45.160 industry popped up, and the Church became horrified at the 0:01:45.200 --> 0:01:49.280 potential erosion of personal morals and the country's social fabric. 0:01:49.640 --> 0:01:54.360 These marriages often were without licenses or public announcements, performed 0:01:54.440 --> 0:01:57.400 under the radar on the sly and on the Chief. 0:01:57.840 --> 0:02:01.840 So in seventeen fifty three passed a law popularly known 0:02:01.880 --> 0:02:06.120 as Lord Hardwick's Marriage Act, or by its longer legal name, 0:02:06.400 --> 0:02:10.760 an Act for the Better Prevention of clandestine marriages. With 0:02:10.840 --> 0:02:14.360 the Act, Lord Chancellor Hardwick declared that marriages within the 0:02:14.400 --> 0:02:17.400 walls of the Anglican Church would now be marriage's only 0:02:17.480 --> 0:02:21.160 legal form in England and Wales. Essentially, to be legally 0:02:21.200 --> 0:02:24.680 recognized as wed, unless you were Quaker or Jewish, that is, 0:02:24.840 --> 0:02:26.920 a couple had to do so before the eyes of 0:02:26.960 --> 0:02:31.600 an Anglican clergyman. Scotland, though, was not included on this list. 0:02:31.840 --> 0:02:35.560 In fact, for all of England's recent stringency, Scotland had 0:02:35.680 --> 0:02:38.520 very lax laws around these things. Girls had to be 0:02:38.560 --> 0:02:42.000 older than twelve and boys older than fourteen, but no 0:02:42.120 --> 0:02:47.280 parental blessing was necessary. Enter Richard. Because the village blacksmith 0:02:47.440 --> 0:02:50.160 was historically one of the respected trades in the community, 0:02:50.360 --> 0:02:52.600 it made sense that these young couples would seek him 0:02:52.600 --> 0:02:55.560 out as their stand in priest. A tradition was born, 0:02:55.840 --> 0:02:59.200 and he was number four. Richard met with young lovers 0:02:59.200 --> 0:03:02.320 who came by and night to carry out and consummate 0:03:02.360 --> 0:03:04.720 their affairs of the heart. All he needed from them 0:03:04.840 --> 0:03:07.080 was to be of age and have two witnesses to 0:03:07.120 --> 0:03:10.560 their union. His ceremonies were simple, quick, a few words 0:03:10.560 --> 0:03:13.520 exchanged and the bang of a hammer clinging loudly to 0:03:13.560 --> 0:03:16.120 make it all official. He would then pronounce them man 0:03:16.120 --> 0:03:18.960 and wife before sending them on their way. By the 0:03:18.960 --> 0:03:21.880 time the laws changed. In nineteen forty, he had conducted 0:03:21.919 --> 0:03:25.320 over five thousand marriages. That's an average of three hundred 0:03:25.320 --> 0:03:28.520 and fifty seven marriages per year. But as evidenced on 0:03:28.600 --> 0:03:31.360 his arrival home from his friend's funeral that day, some 0:03:31.520 --> 0:03:35.200 seasons were busier than others. All in all, tens of 0:03:35.280 --> 0:03:38.240 thousands of couples have been married here and continue to 0:03:38.280 --> 0:03:41.680 flock to Gretna Green for the same reason. Today. We 0:03:41.800 --> 0:03:43.640 do a lot of things in the name of love. 0:03:43.960 --> 0:03:47.000 We put ourselves out there. We take chances and were 0:03:47.040 --> 0:03:50.040 asked to endure great tests of faith and courage, and 0:03:50.120 --> 0:03:53.640 hopefully it's worth it. What's also true, though, is that 0:03:53.720 --> 0:03:57.040 love has a dark side, because where there's light, there's 0:03:57.080 --> 0:04:00.880 always shadow. Across the ages or as long as we've 0:04:00.920 --> 0:04:03.520 loved and lost, we've had to sit with the darkness 0:04:03.560 --> 0:04:05.800 that love can bring. And for as long as we 0:04:05.840 --> 0:04:08.120 have been trying to figure out how to cure what 0:04:08.240 --> 0:04:11.280 ails us and cure what's within us, we have been 0:04:11.280 --> 0:04:14.320 trying to understand what love does not just do for us, 0:04:14.720 --> 0:04:18.680 but to us. Yes, love can heal, but it can 0:04:18.720 --> 0:04:25.480 also be deadly. I'm Aaron Manky, and welcome to bedside Manners. 0:04:31.960 --> 0:04:36.240 Every species has the biological imperative to procreate. Humans have 0:04:36.320 --> 0:04:38.760 been working on that project for a very long time, 0:04:39.080 --> 0:04:42.320 but we don't necessarily have a sound biological reason for 0:04:42.360 --> 0:04:45.919 why we fall in love. Now, some researchers believe that 0:04:45.960 --> 0:04:48.479 it's just a trick of our nervous system. The flooding 0:04:48.520 --> 0:04:51.680 of our brains with feel good chemicals might indeed urge 0:04:51.720 --> 0:04:55.200 us toward mixing up our genetic material with someoneman creating 0:04:55.279 --> 0:04:57.960 an offspring. But the flip side of this assumption is 0:04:57.960 --> 0:04:59.880 that we also know that not every pairing that ex 0:05:00.000 --> 0:05:03.760 experiences love has the ability to create new life. So 0:05:03.880 --> 0:05:07.760 if it's not something distinctly biological, what is love and 0:05:07.880 --> 0:05:10.719 where does it come from? Great minds across the ages 0:05:10.760 --> 0:05:14.080 have been asking this very question. We find authors pining 0:05:14.120 --> 0:05:17.360 after love in ancient Sumerian proverbs and the pain of 0:05:17.400 --> 0:05:21.080 love mentioned in the Bible. Sappho, the famous mysterious poet 0:05:21.120 --> 0:05:23.839 from the seventh century, left remnants of some of the 0:05:23.880 --> 0:05:27.080 earliest musings on heartache. It seems that we have always 0:05:27.120 --> 0:05:30.200 loved what we couldn't have for one reason or another. 0:05:30.800 --> 0:05:34.680 These writings speak of pain that is talked about in emotional, physical, 0:05:34.760 --> 0:05:38.000 and spiritual ways all along the way. Over the course 0:05:38.000 --> 0:05:41.680 of this cultural evolution of thousands of years, one thing 0:05:41.920 --> 0:05:46.440 hasn't changed, the idea that love and love sickness are afflictions. 0:05:46.760 --> 0:05:50.760 The direct correlation between passionate love and deep personal disturbance 0:05:51.080 --> 0:05:54.159 has been noted for thousands of years. Our friend Galen 0:05:54.440 --> 0:05:56.679 left behind the story of a woman who was tossing 0:05:56.720 --> 0:05:59.800 and turning and losing sleep with each passing night. When 0:06:00.000 --> 0:06:03.159 Galen visited her, she was reticent. She told him that 0:06:03.160 --> 0:06:05.960 she was ill, but was reluctant to go into many details. 0:06:06.320 --> 0:06:08.840 After spending some time with her, he decided that she 0:06:08.920 --> 0:06:12.240 was suffering from a standard class of melancholy. When a 0:06:12.279 --> 0:06:14.320 friend came to visit and mentioned that they had just 0:06:14.360 --> 0:06:18.159 seen a performance by a particular dancer, the woman came alive. 0:06:18.480 --> 0:06:20.960 At this point, Galen took her wrist between his fingers 0:06:21.000 --> 0:06:23.840 to feel her pulse. It had become irregular and she 0:06:23.920 --> 0:06:27.839 had become flushed. But though these are very physical symptoms, 0:06:27.880 --> 0:06:29.680 he was led to believe that the root of her 0:06:29.680 --> 0:06:34.520 issues weren't just physical, but emotional. Her mind was disturbed. 0:06:35.160 --> 0:06:38.400 Galen concluded that this woman was melancholic, not just because 0:06:38.440 --> 0:06:40.640 her humors were out of balance, but due to the 0:06:40.720 --> 0:06:44.760 affliction of affection. The real origin of her illness, he believed, 0:06:45.080 --> 0:06:50.680 was an offset of melancholy, called specifically love melancholy. Melancholia 0:06:50.800 --> 0:06:55.320 and love sickness both originated from excessive black bile, Galen believed, 0:06:55.600 --> 0:06:59.200 but love sickness was its own kind of psychological disturbance, 0:06:59.360 --> 0:07:03.479 then already required the correct treatment protocol. Others saw it 0:07:03.480 --> 0:07:06.080 as its own illness. The various texts on the subject 0:07:06.160 --> 0:07:11.600 describe an array of symptoms sadness, insomnia, hollow eyes, disturbances 0:07:11.640 --> 0:07:17.360 in the pulse, mental anxiety, dejection, despondency, and physical debility. 0:07:17.760 --> 0:07:20.720 But they all wonder how does one treat a love 0:07:20.800 --> 0:07:24.040 sick patient. Over the years, physicians would go on to 0:07:24.080 --> 0:07:28.520 prescribe everything from blood letting, foreskin clamping, burning a woman's 0:07:28.560 --> 0:07:32.360 thighs with acid inhaling the burned feces of a beloved, 0:07:32.480 --> 0:07:36.960 and therapeutic intercourse. Of course, the terminology and treatments for 0:07:37.040 --> 0:07:40.320 love sickness have evolved across time and place. Today, the 0:07:40.360 --> 0:07:45.080 contemporary field of psychopathology, the study of abnormal cognition, behavior 0:07:45.120 --> 0:07:48.440 and experiences, has broken apart the symptoms of ancients and 0:07:48.600 --> 0:07:52.080 focused on behavior combinations particular to someone in the throes 0:07:52.120 --> 0:07:57.640 of what we might call love sickness, obsession, infatuation, emotional instability, 0:07:57.880 --> 0:08:02.320 and emotional dependency. The idea that love is madness with 0:08:02.480 --> 0:08:05.120 big air quotes there has never been shaken from our 0:08:05.160 --> 0:08:09.040 collective consciousness. In fact, love sickness was a valid diagnosis 0:08:09.080 --> 0:08:13.679 by medical practitioners for almost two thousand years. In recent times, 0:08:13.760 --> 0:08:17.040 as the field of psychiatry has gained momentum, researchers have 0:08:17.120 --> 0:08:21.040 been trying to parse apart where love ends and madness begins. 0:08:21.560 --> 0:08:25.600 Researchers want to know what is normal and abnormal in love, 0:08:25.880 --> 0:08:29.000 if love chemically makes our brain do abnormal things, and 0:08:29.080 --> 0:08:31.400 how do we know when the scales have tipped too far. 0:08:31.800 --> 0:08:33.880 The story we have for you today will leave you 0:08:33.960 --> 0:08:36.720 thinking about all of these things. It's a story that's 0:08:36.760 --> 0:08:39.440 been told for almost a century as a love story, 0:08:39.720 --> 0:08:43.080 but as you'll see, it's something much deeper, much darker, 0:08:43.240 --> 0:08:47.160 and much more sinister. Yes, it's true that perhaps love 0:08:47.320 --> 0:08:50.480 did live here within this narrative frame, but so too 0:08:50.920 --> 0:09:00.680 did obsession, destruction, and death. First of all, I want 0:09:00.720 --> 0:09:03.840 you to remember Elena Miagre Dahias for who she was 0:09:03.920 --> 0:09:06.440 in life. She was a vibrant young woman who was 0:09:06.520 --> 0:09:10.960 part of a tight knit Cuban American clan, with her parents, sisters, aunties, 0:09:11.120 --> 0:09:13.680 all living in Key West, Florida. It was said that 0:09:13.679 --> 0:09:17.560 Elena had a lovely singing voice, enjoyed dancing with her girlfriends, 0:09:17.800 --> 0:09:21.040 going to school, praying at church, keeping a diary, and 0:09:21.280 --> 0:09:24.960 occupying herself with the concerns of the average teenage girl. 0:09:25.480 --> 0:09:27.800 When she and her friends began courting, it was only 0:09:27.840 --> 0:09:30.680 fitting that she dreamt of finding a lasting love, and 0:09:30.840 --> 0:09:33.640 at sixteen, she thought she found one in the person 0:09:33.679 --> 0:09:36.760 who would become her husband, a local boy named Louise. 0:09:37.200 --> 0:09:39.680 They got married and moved in with his family, but 0:09:39.800 --> 0:09:42.960 she was love sick. She became pregnant and then she 0:09:43.040 --> 0:09:46.000 began to cough. She wished for someone to care for her, 0:09:46.040 --> 0:09:48.760 but Louise wasn't up to the task. When she lost 0:09:48.800 --> 0:09:52.199 the baby, he left her. Elena was always described as 0:09:52.280 --> 0:09:56.360 exceptionally beautiful, all raven hair and dark eyes, but there 0:09:56.400 --> 0:09:58.280 was nothing about her life that ever made her feel 0:09:58.320 --> 0:10:02.000 that she was exceptional or destined for fame, and indeed, 0:10:02.000 --> 0:10:05.000 the stories we tell about Elena most often start not 0:10:05.160 --> 0:10:08.079 with the contours of her life but with her corpse. 0:10:08.440 --> 0:10:10.920 And it's here that I implore you not to remember 0:10:10.920 --> 0:10:14.320 her as a specter, or as storytellers would later call her, 0:10:14.600 --> 0:10:17.960 an it, but as a very real, very animated woman 0:10:18.000 --> 0:10:21.720 whose body and story have been taken from her in death. 0:10:22.040 --> 0:10:25.760 Our story today opens in a hospital with Elena very 0:10:25.840 --> 0:10:29.280 much alive. In April of nineteen thirty, twenty one year 0:10:29.320 --> 0:10:31.800 old Elena went to the local marine hospital for X 0:10:31.920 --> 0:10:35.199 rays and blood samples. Her cough had only been worsening 0:10:35.240 --> 0:10:37.199 in recent days, and it was time that she was 0:10:37.240 --> 0:10:40.840 seen by a specialist. Many of us don't recognize important 0:10:40.880 --> 0:10:43.640 life moments for what they are. Elena was no different. 0:10:43.920 --> 0:10:45.480 But the man on the other side of the X 0:10:45.559 --> 0:10:48.920 ray machine knew that upon seeing Elena, his prayers had 0:10:48.920 --> 0:10:51.560 come to pass and his life would never be the same. 0:10:52.040 --> 0:10:55.560 Count Karl von Kosel, the assumed name of Karl Tansler, 0:10:55.800 --> 0:10:59.319 had been chasing his visions for almost five decades. As 0:10:59.360 --> 0:11:01.440 a teenager, he claimed to have been visited by his 0:11:01.520 --> 0:11:03.840 dead aunt, who revealed to him the face of his 0:11:03.920 --> 0:11:06.840 future wife. This charted a course that would take him 0:11:06.880 --> 0:11:11.520 across countries and continents, acquiring fake medical degrees and licenses, 0:11:11.679 --> 0:11:14.720 and growing delusions. As he sought the fulfillment of this 0:11:14.840 --> 0:11:18.880 ghostly promise, he looked for her everywhere. Carl claimed to 0:11:18.880 --> 0:11:20.760 have seen a vision of his future wife for a 0:11:20.800 --> 0:11:23.840 second time at a graveyard in Spain. The third time 0:11:23.840 --> 0:11:25.800 he saw the face of this woman, he later said, 0:11:26.160 --> 0:11:29.520 was when Elena walked into his exam room. Their worlds 0:11:29.520 --> 0:11:33.319 had collided, Elena and Carl's, and there was no turning back. 0:11:33.920 --> 0:11:36.760 Though he was a Charlatan and a confabulist, he was 0:11:36.880 --> 0:11:41.040 undeniably brilliant. Carl was something of a mad scientist, harboring 0:11:41.040 --> 0:11:44.679 a long obsession with matters of electricity, radio waves, and 0:11:44.800 --> 0:11:48.080 other feats of engineering, including the repair of a wingless 0:11:48.120 --> 0:11:50.960 airplane that he kept on the hospital grounds. He was 0:11:51.040 --> 0:11:54.079 as dapper as he was eccentric, a true Key West 0:11:54.160 --> 0:11:56.360 character that had become known on the island for his 0:11:56.480 --> 0:12:00.760 strange ways, and he seemed harmless enough ignosed to Lena 0:12:00.840 --> 0:12:03.440 with a case of tuberculosis, a sickness that had wiped 0:12:03.480 --> 0:12:06.400 out a quarter of Europe's population in the prior century. 0:12:06.720 --> 0:12:09.760 It's one of the world's oldest known illnesses and continued 0:12:09.800 --> 0:12:13.000 to kill more people than any other disease in industrialized 0:12:13.040 --> 0:12:17.200 countries through the early twentieth century, it remained extremely fatal, 0:12:17.480 --> 0:12:20.920 something that Elena, her family, and Carl were well aware of. 0:12:21.400 --> 0:12:24.520 He committed himself then and there to saving this young woman. 0:12:24.880 --> 0:12:27.960 But beyond this being an act of benevolence or dutiful 0:12:28.040 --> 0:12:30.760 adherence to a hippocratic oath that he had never taken, 0:12:30.800 --> 0:12:34.320 because remember, he was no real doctor, this commitment was 0:12:34.400 --> 0:12:38.960 the first moment in an instant in long lasting obsession. Elena, 0:12:39.040 --> 0:12:42.760 for her part, naturally wanted to live. Medicine is supposed 0:12:42.760 --> 0:12:44.920 to help us stave off death, and if she had 0:12:44.920 --> 0:12:48.120 to hang around a strange, bespeckled man three decades her 0:12:48.120 --> 0:12:50.600 senior to have a good shot at it, she was 0:12:50.800 --> 0:12:53.920 going to do it. He seemed grandfatherly to her, a 0:12:54.000 --> 0:12:57.439 concerned scholar, even if he did give her the creeps. 0:12:57.880 --> 0:13:02.480 So he tried everything electricity cures and gold cures, tonics 0:13:02.480 --> 0:13:05.320 and radiation. He saw her at the hospital, but he 0:13:05.520 --> 0:13:08.480 also started to visit her at her family's home. Desperate 0:13:08.520 --> 0:13:11.600 for answers, they let this man come knocking at all hours. 0:13:12.000 --> 0:13:14.880 That is, of course, until he crossed the line. He 0:13:15.000 --> 0:13:18.800 began proposing marriage to Elena, who initially laughed it off, 0:13:19.200 --> 0:13:22.680 but he kept trying, and her admonishments became stronger. But 0:13:22.720 --> 0:13:26.240 he wouldn't take no for an answer. He begged, he pleaded, 0:13:26.360 --> 0:13:30.160 and Elena still refused. Although her husband had long run off, 0:13:30.200 --> 0:13:32.160 there was no way that she could marry this man, 0:13:32.600 --> 0:13:36.040 and as the records show, Carl was still married too, 0:13:36.400 --> 0:13:38.560 but he had no scruples where matters of the heart 0:13:38.640 --> 0:13:42.160 were concerned. Carl's behavior earned him the ire of the family, 0:13:42.640 --> 0:13:44.760 but they were torn for they, or at least some 0:13:44.840 --> 0:13:48.400 of them, believed that with his undivided attention, he could 0:13:48.440 --> 0:13:52.080 save their beloved Elena. His diaries, which he later published, 0:13:52.280 --> 0:13:55.200 paint the portrait of a man obsessed with possession. He 0:13:55.280 --> 0:13:58.640 lived in a strange alternate reality, entirely of his own 0:13:58.679 --> 0:14:02.160 design and imitation version of the real world, where lines 0:14:02.200 --> 0:14:04.760 of fact and fiction are blurred. It's hard to know 0:14:04.840 --> 0:14:07.480 what he believed to be true and what he wished 0:14:07.559 --> 0:14:11.040 to be true. Elena became sicker and sicker, though her 0:14:11.080 --> 0:14:14.960 family became angry with and scared of, Carl, eventually moving 0:14:15.040 --> 0:14:17.600 houses and not leaving a note for him, But he 0:14:17.760 --> 0:14:20.440 still managed to find them through a loose lip neighbor 0:14:20.600 --> 0:14:24.120 and Sensing that the family was emotionally and spiritually exhausted, 0:14:24.280 --> 0:14:27.960 he made his move. He installed himself at Elena's bedside, 0:14:28.240 --> 0:14:31.200 just like a leech that promised to cure but instead 0:14:31.200 --> 0:14:34.560 bled its host to death. The disease finally took Elena 0:14:34.640 --> 0:14:37.560 in October of nineteen thirty one. It said that she 0:14:37.640 --> 0:14:40.680 died tired and angry, refusing to let her family call 0:14:40.760 --> 0:14:43.480 for their doctor. She had had enough of him and 0:14:43.600 --> 0:14:47.480 his lecherous advances. If death is an end, our story 0:14:47.480 --> 0:14:50.880 would stop there. But Elena's demise was just the beginning 0:14:50.960 --> 0:14:54.800 of a much longer, far stranger, and more twisted chapter 0:14:55.240 --> 0:15:05.960 than she had ever experienced in life. Elena's death couldn't 0:15:06.040 --> 0:15:10.359 dissuade Carl van Kozel. In fact, it only encouraged him. 0:15:10.400 --> 0:15:13.200 When word arrived at his lab via her brother in law, 0:15:13.360 --> 0:15:16.200 Carl sprang to action. When he finally made it to 0:15:16.200 --> 0:15:19.600 her family's home, he immediately tried to electrocute her back 0:15:19.640 --> 0:15:22.240 to life. He wrote in his memoir that this was 0:15:22.760 --> 0:15:26.320 what many, perhaps most people, would call the end, but 0:15:26.400 --> 0:15:29.280 a strange kind of new life now began for me. 0:15:29.800 --> 0:15:32.160 Even though she was gone and her family was deep 0:15:32.200 --> 0:15:35.160 in mourning, Carl conned his way into their home. He 0:15:35.280 --> 0:15:38.840 offered to pay rent. They relented, so he moved into 0:15:38.880 --> 0:15:43.360 Elena's room and into her now cold bed. Our phony 0:15:43.480 --> 0:15:46.480 Counts also talked her family into allowing him to construct 0:15:46.480 --> 0:15:49.480 a beautiful stone moss soleum for their daughter, something much 0:15:49.480 --> 0:15:52.840 grander than they could ever have afforded themselves. They agreed, 0:15:52.960 --> 0:15:55.600 and were justly horrified when it was revealed that he 0:15:55.680 --> 0:15:58.680 had engraved both her name and his name on it. 0:15:59.280 --> 0:16:02.360 He visited her every night at sunset, a long and 0:16:02.480 --> 0:16:06.120 limber shadow, skulking through the graveyard. He would unlock the 0:16:06.200 --> 0:16:09.160 three locks he had installed on the door, go inside, 0:16:09.400 --> 0:16:12.200 and sit with her. He spoke of undoing the locks 0:16:12.240 --> 0:16:15.440 of the heavy casket and listening to Elena speak with 0:16:15.520 --> 0:16:18.480 him from her inner coffin. He wrote of hearing Elena 0:16:18.600 --> 0:16:21.880 singing for him, and one night she finally asked him 0:16:22.000 --> 0:16:25.240 to take her home. Carl, who once claimed to have 0:16:25.360 --> 0:16:28.760 died and come back himself, believed death was truly only 0:16:28.800 --> 0:16:32.240 a state of suspended animation. So it's here that we 0:16:32.320 --> 0:16:36.400 now find him, supposedly under the direction of Elena, carting 0:16:36.440 --> 0:16:39.200 her body out of the graveyard in a child's wagon. 0:16:39.520 --> 0:16:42.280 He later claimed that this moment was nothing short of 0:16:42.320 --> 0:16:46.560 their great divine wedding March. That night, he brought Elena's 0:16:46.560 --> 0:16:49.359 corpse to his cottage and began to work on engineering 0:16:49.400 --> 0:16:53.000 her resurrection. Over time, he tried all different things. He 0:16:53.080 --> 0:16:56.280 soaked her body in tubs of chemicals, hoping her cells 0:16:56.320 --> 0:17:00.440 would saturate and she would waken. He waited her, apped her, 0:17:00.640 --> 0:17:03.720 He injected her with vitamins, and he took cultures from 0:17:03.720 --> 0:17:06.680 her body for his microscope. And when her skin began 0:17:06.720 --> 0:17:09.600 to fall off, he replaced it with silk. When her 0:17:09.600 --> 0:17:13.600 eyes putrified, he replaced those two. He sealed her leaking 0:17:13.640 --> 0:17:18.560 orifices with wax. He excavated larva and sprayed her with perfume. 0:17:18.840 --> 0:17:21.320 He dressed her in a wedding gown and brought her 0:17:21.440 --> 0:17:24.400 to bed. Karl thought that he was working in secrets, 0:17:24.480 --> 0:17:29.760 but rumors spread. People saw him frequently hauling chemical solvents, deodorizers, 0:17:30.040 --> 0:17:32.600 reams of silk, and gauze to his home. He was 0:17:32.640 --> 0:17:35.720 a scientist and inventored, though, so who could say what 0:17:35.800 --> 0:17:38.200 he was up to. It was later rumored that late 0:17:38.240 --> 0:17:41.280 at night, neighbors would hear organ music wafting from the 0:17:41.320 --> 0:17:45.280 windows with two bodies seeing joined in dance, and this 0:17:45.320 --> 0:17:50.720 went on for seven long years. One of Elena's sisters, Nana, 0:17:50.840 --> 0:17:53.720 had heard the rumors. She didn't want them to be true, 0:17:54.000 --> 0:17:56.480 but after a rash of break ins at the graveyard, 0:17:56.760 --> 0:17:59.680 she insisted that Karl opened a Lena's coffin and show 0:17:59.760 --> 0:18:03.000 her that her sister was all right. Carl refused, but 0:18:03.119 --> 0:18:06.080 he did offer her something else. Carl brought Nana back 0:18:06.119 --> 0:18:09.080 to his cottage. He opened the door and led her inside. 0:18:09.320 --> 0:18:12.240 He had dressed Elena and Jules and brought Nana over 0:18:12.320 --> 0:18:15.359 to see her. According to his later writings, he was 0:18:15.440 --> 0:18:17.560 proud to show how well he had taken care of 0:18:17.600 --> 0:18:22.160 his beloved. Nana, though was horrified. She couldn't believe her eyes. 0:18:22.440 --> 0:18:25.080 She thought that this had to be a doll. It 0:18:25.160 --> 0:18:28.600 couldn't be true. Carl's account of what transpired in their 0:18:28.600 --> 0:18:33.159 bedside conversation is inconceivable at best. Nana, he claims, just 0:18:33.320 --> 0:18:35.560 walked out and told him to put Elena back where 0:18:35.600 --> 0:18:38.280 he found her. She has been under my care all 0:18:38.320 --> 0:18:40.679 of these years, he said, to have shot back, I 0:18:40.760 --> 0:18:43.320 have paid all of her expenses. You forgot that I 0:18:43.359 --> 0:18:47.800 own the tomb and everything inside. He was subsequently arrested 0:18:47.840 --> 0:18:50.560 on the charge of desecrating a grave and spent a 0:18:50.680 --> 0:18:54.160 night in jail. But since the statute of limitations had expired, 0:18:54.400 --> 0:18:57.320 it had now been years since he had kidnapped Elena's body, 0:18:57.600 --> 0:19:00.439 and because the court determined that he was saying and 0:19:00.560 --> 0:19:04.719 mentally competent, he was free to go. As for Elena's corpse, 0:19:04.840 --> 0:19:07.560 she was taken from the cottage. She was given a 0:19:07.640 --> 0:19:11.440 second funeral, which amounted to an entirely different kind of spectacle. 0:19:11.720 --> 0:19:15.120 Almost seven thousand people lined up to take a look 0:19:15.119 --> 0:19:17.600 at what was left of her. Then her body was 0:19:17.640 --> 0:19:21.040 taken to a secret location and reburied, And for those 0:19:21.080 --> 0:19:23.840 of you who are wondering, even to this day, that 0:19:23.880 --> 0:19:27.480 location is still a mystery. But the Count refused to 0:19:27.520 --> 0:19:29.919 go quietly. If he was going to get charged with 0:19:30.000 --> 0:19:32.840 desecrating a grave, he might as well do it. The 0:19:32.960 --> 0:19:35.879 night he left town, Elena's mausoleum was blown up with 0:19:36.040 --> 0:19:39.000 a time bomb. Today, the cracked edifice can still be 0:19:39.040 --> 0:19:42.040 seen in Key West. Although she and the Count are 0:19:42.040 --> 0:19:46.000 both long gone, whispers of his love and her loathing 0:19:46.280 --> 0:19:57.240 are all that remain. The story of Elena and Count 0:19:57.359 --> 0:20:00.240 van Kozol has gone down over the years framed as 0:20:00.280 --> 0:20:03.080 a macab love story, when in fact it is nothing 0:20:03.080 --> 0:20:06.560 more than a nightmare. Elena was vehemently opposed to Van 0:20:06.640 --> 0:20:09.800 Kozel's advances, and he took her silence by means of 0:20:09.800 --> 0:20:13.600 her death as consent, and recently it's possible that an 0:20:13.600 --> 0:20:17.040 even more sinister epilogue has been uncovered. The folks in 0:20:17.160 --> 0:20:19.520 Key West claimed to have made a discovery in an 0:20:19.520 --> 0:20:23.119 old pulp detective magazine in which a journalist was able 0:20:23.160 --> 0:20:26.159 to recover police records from the case. It was claimed 0:20:26.200 --> 0:20:30.040 that during renovations of von Kozel's home, bottles of potions 0:20:30.320 --> 0:20:33.400 and a confession note were uncovered, and in that note, 0:20:33.520 --> 0:20:37.040 the writer appears to be confessing to murder. Putting two 0:20:37.040 --> 0:20:39.240 and two together, one is left to wonder if the 0:20:39.359 --> 0:20:42.720 count realized that if he couldn't cure and possess her 0:20:42.720 --> 0:20:46.000 in life, a fatal poisoning would help him secure her 0:20:46.200 --> 0:20:49.520 in death. Of course, one should be skeptical of these 0:20:49.600 --> 0:20:53.000 kinds of magazines. They look and tend to read like 0:20:53.119 --> 0:20:56.640 a tabloid, and those police records that could have corroborated 0:20:56.720 --> 0:20:59.840 any of these claims, it seems, have since been destroyed. 0:21:00.240 --> 0:21:02.840 Historians believe the missing records might be due to the 0:21:02.920 --> 0:21:06.080 lack of predigital age storage space. If a case was 0:21:06.160 --> 0:21:09.320 considered closed, well, no sense in keeping it around, right, 0:21:09.760 --> 0:21:12.760 and the article it's been reported otherwise got all of 0:21:12.760 --> 0:21:16.080 the facts right. The journalist who wrote it is long dead, 0:21:16.280 --> 0:21:18.919 so there hasn't been a way forward to report on 0:21:19.000 --> 0:21:23.040 the reporting. Regardless, the story continues to fascinate us. It 0:21:23.240 --> 0:21:26.280 is a very extreme example of what could be understood 0:21:26.320 --> 0:21:29.560 as a deadly love sickness, love that has turned into 0:21:29.600 --> 0:21:33.280 something far darker. The media talks about crimes of passion 0:21:33.480 --> 0:21:35.399 and the lengths that people will go to in the 0:21:35.520 --> 0:21:38.080 name of love, and now scientists have been able to 0:21:38.119 --> 0:21:42.159 identify some really interesting and also alarming things that folks 0:21:42.160 --> 0:21:45.320 have been alluding to for thousands of years. It seems 0:21:45.359 --> 0:21:48.400 that love takes a very physical toll on our bodies. 0:21:48.720 --> 0:21:52.960 The shorthand term for aid to Katsubo cardiomyopathy is broken 0:21:53.000 --> 0:21:56.600 heart syndrome. It presents similar to a heart attack, though 0:21:56.640 --> 0:21:59.000 those who suffer from it tend to make complete and 0:21:59.080 --> 0:22:02.080 full recoveries, and we're also able to see the effects 0:22:02.080 --> 0:22:05.600 of love on neuroimaging of our brains. Scans light up 0:22:05.680 --> 0:22:08.600 much differently when looking at all the different kinds of love, 0:22:08.960 --> 0:22:12.160 romantic love lighting up in the region that suggests personal 0:22:12.200 --> 0:22:16.600 apprehension and social judgment might also be compromised. Scientists have 0:22:16.680 --> 0:22:19.240 also suggested that they may have found an overlap between 0:22:19.280 --> 0:22:24.359 obsessive compulsive disorder and romantic attraction. The term limerins was 0:22:24.440 --> 0:22:28.200 coined to describe a set of all consuming psychological symptoms 0:22:28.440 --> 0:22:32.480 characterized by obsessive, intrusive thoughts about an object of affection. 0:22:32.800 --> 0:22:36.280 We now know that this state isn't just psychologically based, 0:22:36.640 --> 0:22:39.720 but neurologically as well, and it leaves us to wonder 0:22:40.040 --> 0:22:42.399 if this is what we call love, Is it all 0:22:42.440 --> 0:22:45.520 simply another affliction to be treated? How do we tease 0:22:45.560 --> 0:22:49.200 apart what is harmful and keep the stuff that benefits us? 0:22:49.560 --> 0:22:52.520 And even more challenging than all of that, when those 0:22:52.560 --> 0:22:55.800 things live together in the same cognitive stew how do 0:22:55.880 --> 0:22:58.159 we tell them apart when we're deep in it? And 0:22:58.280 --> 0:23:06.160 how can we save our solves? Love, of course, isn't 0:23:06.240 --> 0:23:08.560 just something that happens to us. It's something that we 0:23:08.680 --> 0:23:11.240