WEBVTT - Xenobiotics 0:00:01.480 --> 0:00:11.399 Welcome to stuff you should know, a production of iHeartRadio. Hey, 0:00:11.440 --> 0:00:14.080 and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh, and there's Chuck. 0:00:14.360 --> 0:00:18.400 Chuck's here, Jerry's here, I'm here, We're all here. Are 0:00:18.440 --> 0:00:21.880 you here? Great? Well, then that makes this stuff show. 0:00:22.560 --> 0:00:25.480 You know what else is here? What? Microplastics? 0:00:25.880 --> 0:00:27.720 Yeah? What else? Uh? 0:00:28.720 --> 0:00:32.960 I don't know? All kinds of p fasts and xenobiotics. 0:00:33.479 --> 0:00:39.360 Yeah, maybe a little bit of bpds THCs. 0:00:39.720 --> 0:00:41.479 You can only say that if you sing it, like 0:00:42.320 --> 0:00:42.920 what's his face? 0:00:43.040 --> 0:00:43.680 Cars one? 0:00:44.760 --> 0:00:46.080 No, a little bit of. 0:00:48.159 --> 0:00:48.720 Lou Bega. 0:00:49.320 --> 0:00:51.600 Yeah, the guy who faked listened to our show, the 0:00:51.600 --> 0:00:53.200 fake lou Bega who listened to our show. 0:00:53.800 --> 0:00:54.959 What does he have to do with? 0:00:56.800 --> 0:00:58.800 Uh? Well, he said a little bit of And you 0:00:58.800 --> 0:01:01.440 can't start any size like that without singing it. Lou 0:01:01.520 --> 0:01:02.120 Vegas Doyle. 0:01:02.200 --> 0:01:05.399 Well, I love that joke that I just smashed all 0:01:05.440 --> 0:01:06.119 over the place. 0:01:06.760 --> 0:01:09.000 A little bit of plastic in your gut? 0:01:09.560 --> 0:01:12.960 That's about right, man. So you you mentioned what we're 0:01:12.959 --> 0:01:18.600 talking about xenobiotics, and just that word is a little unnerving, 0:01:18.920 --> 0:01:25.039 you know, So we're not talking about so zeno means foreign. 0:01:25.880 --> 0:01:29.759 You're a xenophobe, You're afraid of immigrants. If you're a xenophile, 0:01:29.880 --> 0:01:34.720 you really love immigrant immigrants. Yea. But zeno means foreign, 0:01:34.760 --> 0:01:38.120 biotic means body or life or something like that, and 0:01:38.160 --> 0:01:40.200 it's not to be confused. Ed helped us out with this, 0:01:40.319 --> 0:01:41.800 and I think he made a good point, since to 0:01:41.840 --> 0:01:45.840 be confused with xenobiology, that's the search for extraterrestrial life 0:01:45.840 --> 0:01:50.000 of any kind, not that this is xenobiotics, meaning substances 0:01:50.040 --> 0:01:53.000 that are foreign to life, foreign to the body, foreign 0:01:53.040 --> 0:01:59.080 to biology. And there's just such a mind boggling array 0:01:59.080 --> 0:02:03.520 of them, and they are so fully set into the 0:02:03.520 --> 0:02:07.960 global environment that it's we're just now becoming aware of 0:02:08.000 --> 0:02:10.320 how a wash we are in these things. And now 0:02:10.320 --> 0:02:13.840 we're saying, okay, just exactly how are these things going 0:02:13.919 --> 0:02:14.720 to kill all of us? 0:02:15.520 --> 0:02:17.639 Should we read that textbook definition now or did you 0:02:17.680 --> 0:02:18.520 want to hang on to that? 0:02:18.800 --> 0:02:18.960 Oh? 0:02:19.000 --> 0:02:24.160 Go ahead, all right. Xenobiotic is defined, oh here we go, 0:02:24.440 --> 0:02:28.160 elementary school style as a chemical that is not used 0:02:28.240 --> 0:02:30.240 And this is who's this from, By the way, do 0:02:30.280 --> 0:02:30.760 we even know? 0:02:31.960 --> 0:02:33.480 No, I don't know, all right. 0:02:33.600 --> 0:02:36.520 A xenobiotic is defined as a chemical that is not 0:02:36.720 --> 0:02:39.840 used by the reference organism. So in that case we're 0:02:39.840 --> 0:02:42.280 talking about, like could be human, could be an animal, 0:02:42.320 --> 0:02:46.320 could be a plant in a wetland. Not used as 0:02:46.320 --> 0:02:50.760 a nutrient chemical is not essential for maintenance of normal 0:02:50.760 --> 0:02:55.280 physiologic biochemical function, and homeostasis does not constitute a part 0:02:55.320 --> 0:02:59.800 of the conventional array of chemicals synthesized from nutrient chemicals 0:03:00.440 --> 0:03:04.919 normal intermediary metabolism. So, like you said, that's sort of 0:03:04.960 --> 0:03:08.120 a baggy way of saying it's a foreign thing that 0:03:08.240 --> 0:03:11.280 gets into our body or the body of an animal 0:03:11.680 --> 0:03:15.639 or a plant, like the plant body, whether on purpose 0:03:15.880 --> 0:03:20.160 or you know, like you drink booze. Technically that's a zenobiotic, Oh, yeah, 0:03:20.160 --> 0:03:25.280 for sure, or unknowingly, which is like microbeads in your lipstick. 0:03:25.480 --> 0:03:27.240 Yeah, And there are things that we put into our 0:03:27.280 --> 0:03:32.120 bodies that are technically foreign to our bodies, like essential 0:03:32.160 --> 0:03:35.320 amino acids like trip to fan. We don't make enough 0:03:35.360 --> 0:03:37.680 of that, so we can put that in our bodies 0:03:37.720 --> 0:03:42.680 through way like eating turkey or whatever, and that is 0:03:42.920 --> 0:03:47.280 used in the normal physiological processes of keeping you alive. 0:03:48.160 --> 0:03:51.720 It would not qualify as xenobiotics. Zenobiotics do things in 0:03:51.760 --> 0:03:57.200 your body that's beyond normal homeostatic physiological properties the normal 0:03:57.240 --> 0:03:59.360 stuff your body would be doing if none of these 0:03:59.400 --> 0:04:01.920 things were in your So that's another big key thing too. 0:04:02.120 --> 0:04:06.560 They typically have some effect or another on our body, 0:04:07.320 --> 0:04:09.360 and a lot of times it's because our bodies are 0:04:09.360 --> 0:04:11.680 responding to them or doing things to them and can 0:04:11.720 --> 0:04:13.520 actually make them worse in some cases. 0:04:14.680 --> 0:04:19.720 Yeah, And I mean you can purposely or accidentally ingest it, 0:04:19.800 --> 0:04:22.760 like literally ingest it by eating it. You can inhale it, 0:04:23.680 --> 0:04:26.720 like I mentioned the cosmetics and stuff. You can come 0:04:26.720 --> 0:04:30.279 through your skin. There's all kinds of ways, and they're 0:04:30.360 --> 0:04:33.680 and they all are quite proficient at seemingly getting into 0:04:33.720 --> 0:04:34.520 the human body. 0:04:35.360 --> 0:04:38.680 Yeah, they'll get in basically anyway they can. If you 0:04:38.680 --> 0:04:40.520 stand there with your pants off, they're gonna find a 0:04:40.560 --> 0:04:40.839 way in. 0:04:42.120 --> 0:04:43.800 Yeah. And we should also say upfront, like a lot 0:04:43.800 --> 0:04:47.960 of this stuff is really kind of sad and scary. 0:04:48.000 --> 0:04:51.039 We should say there are like tens of millions of 0:04:51.160 --> 0:04:55.359 zenobiotics and they're not all dangerous necessarily. A lot of 0:04:55.360 --> 0:04:57.599 this stuff is, and we'll talk about why it's all 0:04:57.680 --> 0:04:59.520 you know, fairly new as far as really as far 0:04:59.560 --> 0:05:04.080 as really editing it. Sometimes they can even be beneficial. 0:05:05.160 --> 0:05:07.240 It seems like that's on the rare side than when 0:05:07.279 --> 0:05:11.760 they're harmful. But one example in here was the stuff 0:05:11.800 --> 0:05:17.120 in soy isoflavvones. They can help regulate the converted, of course, 0:05:17.120 --> 0:05:18.640 and they can help regulate estrogen. 0:05:19.880 --> 0:05:24.120 Yes, But there was a famous Renaissance Swiss physician named 0:05:24.160 --> 0:05:27.359 Paracelsus who's known as the father of toxicology, and he 0:05:27.480 --> 0:05:32.040 had a paraphrase quote that the dose makes the poison. 0:05:32.120 --> 0:05:35.160 So like you could take too many iso flavones, eat 0:05:35.200 --> 0:05:38.200 too much soy, and all of a sudden, your endocrine 0:05:38.240 --> 0:05:42.320 processes are going to be disrupted. So things can have 0:05:42.400 --> 0:05:45.560 beneficial effects for us at certain amounts, but beyond that 0:05:46.600 --> 0:05:49.039 it can be you know, terrible for us, or something 0:05:49.080 --> 0:05:51.159 can be terrible for us, but beneath a certain amount 0:05:51.320 --> 0:05:54.279 it'll have no effect whatsoever. So that's a really important 0:05:54.279 --> 0:05:57.560 thing to remember. They're not all necessarily dangerous, and they're 0:05:57.600 --> 0:06:02.560 not all necessarily even though they're foreign, they're not necessarily 0:06:02.600 --> 0:06:03.360 all synthetic. 0:06:04.440 --> 0:06:08.080 Yeah, I mean people, and we've been guilty of throwing 0:06:08.080 --> 0:06:11.360 the word chemical around. Sometimes there's chemicals in this, and 0:06:11.400 --> 0:06:15.480 there's chemicals in that. I think using the word zenobiotics 0:06:15.600 --> 0:06:18.680 drills down a little more. But even then they're not 0:06:18.720 --> 0:06:19.920 all synthetic. 0:06:19.760 --> 0:06:22.320 No, and that doesn't necessarily mean like, oh, not all 0:06:22.360 --> 0:06:25.440 synthetics are harmful for you. We don't really know enough 0:06:25.480 --> 0:06:27.640 about that, and a lot of them are. What it's 0:06:27.640 --> 0:06:31.320 saying is just because something's natural and natural, naturally occurring 0:06:31.360 --> 0:06:34.560 chemical doesn't mean that it's necessarily good for you or 0:06:34.640 --> 0:06:35.480 isn't harmful. 0:06:36.200 --> 0:06:40.680 Yeah. Throughout some numbers like tens of millions. According to 0:06:40.720 --> 0:06:44.280 the Journal of Chemical Research in Toxicology, more than fifty 0:06:44.279 --> 0:06:49.680 two million organic and inorganic substances have been synthesized, and 0:06:49.880 --> 0:06:53.320 they're about thirty nine million that are commercially available and 0:06:53.880 --> 0:06:57.440 in your life, like the average person walking around will 0:06:57.480 --> 0:07:03.160 be exposed between one and three million different xenobiotic substances 0:07:03.200 --> 0:07:06.520 in their life. Yeah, one to three million different ones. 0:07:06.640 --> 0:07:08.480 Not one to three million times you're going to be 0:07:08.480 --> 0:07:12.200 exposed to zenobioty, Yeah, different different ones. That's remarkable, it is, 0:07:12.240 --> 0:07:14.120 and one of the other one of the big problems 0:07:14.120 --> 0:07:15.760 about this. So that just goes to show you like 0:07:15.800 --> 0:07:18.880 they're everywhere, and they get in our bodies really easily, 0:07:19.120 --> 0:07:21.320 and they do weird stuff that we're just starting to 0:07:21.320 --> 0:07:25.080 wrap our heads around. Frequently, very dangerous or harmful stuff 0:07:25.160 --> 0:07:29.520 to us, and that there's an NGO called ChemSec that 0:07:29.640 --> 0:07:32.720 pointed out that of the chemicals that are in use 0:07:32.760 --> 0:07:36.520 in European Union countries, sixty five percent of them are 0:07:36.520 --> 0:07:39.720 harmful to human health. Yeah, and I read a kind 0:07:39.760 --> 0:07:42.720 of a critique of toxicology by a toxicologist who said 0:07:42.720 --> 0:07:47.840 the field is basically obsessed with proving without a doubt 0:07:48.200 --> 0:07:52.240 that something is harmful, and that that prevents them from 0:07:52.240 --> 0:07:54.559 branching out and looking at new stuff because they're busy 0:07:54.640 --> 0:07:58.800 proving the original stuff is beyond doubt harmful for you 0:07:59.160 --> 0:08:03.880 or the effects that it has, and that that's just 0:08:04.040 --> 0:08:07.200 the ones that we know of that we've tested, sixty 0:08:07.200 --> 0:08:10.360 five percent of those are harmful. There are so many 0:08:10.440 --> 0:08:15.760 chemicals natural and synthetic in our world that we interact 0:08:15.800 --> 0:08:17.680 with that we ingest, that make their way into our 0:08:17.720 --> 0:08:20.600 body that we have no idea what they do right now. 0:08:20.680 --> 0:08:23.840 Yeah. Yeah. As far as what we're going to be 0:08:23.880 --> 0:08:29.360 talking about though, is xenobiotics, meaning the stuff that has 0:08:29.440 --> 0:08:32.120 we've come into contact with, it's in our bodies, and 0:08:33.280 --> 0:08:35.679 unusual things like happen after that. 0:08:36.280 --> 0:08:37.320 Yeah, beyond German. 0:08:37.280 --> 0:08:40.240 We're not talking. Yeah, we're not talking about the three 0:08:40.280 --> 0:08:41.720 million things. We can't. 0:08:42.840 --> 0:08:44.559 No, we're not going to go over each one if 0:08:44.559 --> 0:08:45.240 that's what you mean. 0:08:45.720 --> 0:08:47.720 Yeah, there's no way. We don't have time. This is 0:08:47.720 --> 0:08:50.560 not a Xenobiotics lifetime show where we do this for 0:08:50.600 --> 0:08:53.960 the next thirty years. They talking about three million zenobiotics. 0:08:53.960 --> 0:08:56.520 It could be that'd be neat. So one other thing 0:08:56.559 --> 0:09:00.359 you mentioned when you came up with plant bodies, Yeah, 0:09:00.480 --> 0:09:04.120 this can affect not just humans but other animals and 0:09:04.240 --> 0:09:08.760 plants as well. And I mean, aside from concern for 0:09:10.000 --> 0:09:13.960 polluting the environment and affecting animals who have nothing to 0:09:14.000 --> 0:09:17.600 do with this, the moral quandary of that, we a lot, 0:09:17.800 --> 0:09:20.920 very frequently eat those animals and those plants, and so 0:09:21.080 --> 0:09:23.720 we ingest those things that get introduced to those environments 0:09:23.760 --> 0:09:26.400 in those animals, and so the whole thing scales up. 0:09:26.440 --> 0:09:33.479 And there's some really interesting analogy between ecosystems and zenobiotics 0:09:33.640 --> 0:09:37.439 entering ecosystems or becoming part of ecosystems, and how they 0:09:37.600 --> 0:09:40.040 enter and impact the human body as well. So it 0:09:40.120 --> 0:09:42.880 scales all the way up from the individual organism and 0:09:43.000 --> 0:09:45.720 even as far as their cells, all the way up 0:09:45.720 --> 0:09:49.640 to entire ecosystems, and now we're realizing the world, the 0:09:49.800 --> 0:09:50.440 entire world. 0:09:50.960 --> 0:09:53.280 Yeah. Well, and in the water we drink and stuff 0:09:53.320 --> 0:09:54.720 like that, the air we breathe. 0:09:55.640 --> 0:09:59.360 When we're talking about like polluted anything, food, soil, whatever, 0:10:00.160 --> 0:10:03.319 what we're saying is that those things have an excess 0:10:03.600 --> 0:10:07.640 of zenobiotics. Like that's what's polluting them. And it can 0:10:07.640 --> 0:10:09.680 come in all sorts of different forms of fashion and 0:10:09.720 --> 0:10:12.120 all sorts of stuff can be polluted. But that's what 0:10:12.120 --> 0:10:15.920 we mean. We're saying like polluted air or polluted water. 0:10:16.760 --> 0:10:19.080 Yeah, and that's easier to say than xenobiotics over and 0:10:19.120 --> 0:10:22.760 over and in fact this you know, we'll get to 0:10:22.840 --> 0:10:29.000 microplastics and specifically microbeads. But Obama and it actually got 0:10:29.040 --> 0:10:31.240 one hundred percent sentate support. 0:10:31.040 --> 0:10:32.800 On rotten tomatoes, which is. 0:10:34.960 --> 0:10:39.960 It broke the tomatometer when he signed the Microbead Free 0:10:39.960 --> 0:10:44.000 Water Act for Free Waters Act in twenty fifteen. Oh okay, 0:10:44.440 --> 0:10:47.920 so this is when they said, hey, no more microbeads, 0:10:48.480 --> 0:10:51.119 And I thought like, oh great, So there's not microbeads 0:10:51.120 --> 0:10:55.520 in cosmetics anymore. Not necessarily, there's no microbeads. What the 0:10:55.600 --> 0:10:58.439 act says is it can't be in a rinse off cosmetics. 0:10:59.200 --> 0:11:03.000 So what that's saying is because we want to protect 0:11:03.000 --> 0:11:07.960 the water. You know, like when you wash the exfoliant 0:11:08.040 --> 0:11:10.480 off your face, Yeah, it goes down the drain and 0:11:10.520 --> 0:11:12.920 into the water systems, but it can still be in 0:11:13.000 --> 0:11:16.280 like lipstick and mascara and stuff. So again, you know, 0:11:16.360 --> 0:11:18.880 it was a good thing, and it's and it's helped, 0:11:19.360 --> 0:11:22.440 but there are still microbeads and cosmetics, just not in 0:11:22.520 --> 0:11:23.880 stuff that goes down the sink. 0:11:24.000 --> 0:11:29.000 Yeah, and my friend, that's just microbeads, just microbeads. So 0:11:29.800 --> 0:11:32.600 one thing that I find just absolutely fascinating. I could 0:11:32.600 --> 0:11:37.319 talk about it all day is the trouble that lies 0:11:37.360 --> 0:11:41.760 in trying to categorize zenobiotics. Don't you find that fascinating? 0:11:42.679 --> 0:11:43.000 I do. 0:11:43.440 --> 0:11:45.720 So there's it's all over the place. And one of 0:11:45.720 --> 0:11:48.800 the reasons it's important is because it shows just how 0:11:48.960 --> 0:11:52.600 new this field of understanding xenobiotics is. We can't even 0:11:52.640 --> 0:11:54.520 figure out how to classify them yet. 0:11:54.840 --> 0:11:57.440 That's true because there's a lot of them. We talked 0:11:57.440 --> 0:12:01.120 about the mini millions, and there's a lot of overlap. 0:12:01.559 --> 0:12:03.800 So like it's it's kind of the case of where 0:12:03.840 --> 0:12:07.720 like if you classify, you're saying it's it's just this. Uh, 0:12:07.960 --> 0:12:10.040 but you know, if you want to say, well, it's 0:12:10.160 --> 0:12:13.640 this chemical family and but this is how it's used, 0:12:14.120 --> 0:12:16.240 and this is how the body responds to it, and 0:12:16.280 --> 0:12:17.800 this is what effect it has on the body. Like 0:12:17.840 --> 0:12:20.720 each of those could be its own classification. So it 0:12:20.720 --> 0:12:22.400 gets very unwieldy very quickly. 0:12:22.440 --> 0:12:26.480 Yeah. I think the EU has seventeen groups of classifications 0:12:26.520 --> 0:12:30.080 for zenobiotics, and those are just the ones that they 0:12:30.280 --> 0:12:33.640 have listed as the ones of most concern. But because 0:12:33.679 --> 0:12:37.280 there's so many, there's so much overlap, there's so much 0:12:38.440 --> 0:12:42.880 well yeah, overlap, that it almost renders classifying them either. 0:12:43.080 --> 0:12:47.360 So you have to get so detailed that your your 0:12:47.679 --> 0:12:52.000 book of classifications would be like the universe wide, or 0:12:53.160 --> 0:12:56.480 it renders them basically useless because because some would just 0:12:56.520 --> 0:12:58.199 show up in every classification you. 0:12:58.200 --> 0:13:01.680 Have, right, and you might be thinking like big woop, 0:13:01.720 --> 0:13:04.400 who cares if you can classify and they're still out there. 0:13:04.720 --> 0:13:08.360 But classification is how you group things into, like getting 0:13:08.400 --> 0:13:12.440 funding to study something like you can't just write a 0:13:12.520 --> 0:13:15.720 very vague funding statement and say like we just want 0:13:15.720 --> 0:13:18.840 to study you know, microbiotics and yeah, or like how 0:13:18.880 --> 0:13:20.520 it's bad for you, Yeah, because I think there's like 0:13:22.280 --> 0:13:26.400 more than eighteen kinds of microbead even or maybe more 0:13:26.440 --> 0:13:29.240 than that. But you know, that's how you like get funding, 0:13:29.320 --> 0:13:32.800 that's how you science classify things. It's how they talk 0:13:32.800 --> 0:13:36.000 about things, and so it is an important deal. 0:13:35.960 --> 0:13:39.599 Yes, And so the other thing about the difficulty classifying 0:13:39.640 --> 0:13:43.040 these things is that it also shows just how ubiquitous 0:13:43.040 --> 0:13:47.599 they are. Yeah, Like they're everywhere, Like they're in our cosmetics, 0:13:47.640 --> 0:13:50.000 they're in our cooking pants, they're in our food packaging, 0:13:50.200 --> 0:13:53.160 they're in our shampoos like you were saying, And they're 0:13:53.200 --> 0:13:56.320 in the water we drink, the air we breathe. They're 0:13:56.360 --> 0:14:01.360 passed on through the womb, through breast milk, through blood donations. 0:14:02.520 --> 0:14:04.800 That it's in the Arctic, it's in the deep ocean. 0:14:05.040 --> 0:14:12.480 Like xenobiotics, especially synthetic ones, have settled all over the 0:14:12.520 --> 0:14:15.520 world in most human bodies. 0:14:16.400 --> 0:14:19.960 Boy, I think that is a great unsettling intro. 0:14:20.800 --> 0:14:22.680 Yeah, And I want to just point out though, before 0:14:22.720 --> 0:14:26.520 we go to break, we're not trying to be alarmist 0:14:26.760 --> 0:14:29.560 or prompt any sort of hysteria or panic or anything 0:14:29.640 --> 0:14:33.640 like that. Like breastmolk is a great example. Yes, zenobiotics 0:14:33.680 --> 0:14:36.360 can be passed through breast milk, but if you read 0:14:36.400 --> 0:14:41.120 about breast milk, health organizations still say it like the 0:14:41.160 --> 0:14:44.560 benefits of breast milk so vastly outweigh the harm that 0:14:44.680 --> 0:14:46.800 zenobiotics do, at least as far as we know now 0:14:46.800 --> 0:14:50.400 that you definitely want to keep breastfeeding. So we're not 0:14:50.440 --> 0:14:54.440 trying to like scare anybody or prompt a panic, but 0:14:54.480 --> 0:14:57.680 this is the current state of the science right now. 0:14:58.280 --> 0:15:02.160 Yeah, and go read in any cosmetic companies mission statement 0:15:02.200 --> 0:15:05.240 on zenobiotics and microbeads, and they'll say it's really no 0:15:05.320 --> 0:15:08.240 big deal, that's right. I did that today and I 0:15:08.280 --> 0:15:12.520 was like, oh, okay, and since twenty fifteen, we've been 0:15:12.520 --> 0:15:16.240 doing this and this. It didn't say, well, because an 0:15:16.400 --> 0:15:20.480 entire Republican and Democratic Senate agreed right to make that illegal. 0:15:22.200 --> 0:15:23.960 It made it sound like it was some voluntary thing. 0:15:24.040 --> 0:15:26.640 And all of those posts always end with now, let's 0:15:26.680 --> 0:15:29.000 get back to being pretty right. 0:15:29.320 --> 0:15:31.600 It's just click on the link to go back to shopping, 0:15:33.000 --> 0:15:35.280 all right, So we'll take that break. Now, we'll come 0:15:35.320 --> 0:15:37.920 back and we'll talk about what the body can do 0:15:38.280 --> 0:16:01.760 with this stuff once it gets inside of us, all right, So, 0:16:02.240 --> 0:16:04.480 as promised, we're going to talk about what can happen 0:16:04.600 --> 0:16:08.040 once this goes in the body, and you shouldn't be 0:16:08.040 --> 0:16:10.200 surprised to learn that the body tries to do with 0:16:10.240 --> 0:16:14.280 it what it does with most things that it ingests. 0:16:14.040 --> 0:16:16.640 There's only a handful of things that the body can do. 0:16:16.720 --> 0:16:20.040 They can absorb it, which means it's going into your 0:16:20.080 --> 0:16:23.640 tissue or in your blood, or back and forth between 0:16:23.680 --> 0:16:26.440 the two. But basically it absorbs it and kind of 0:16:26.480 --> 0:16:30.520 stays there. They can distribute it, and that's when it's 0:16:30.720 --> 0:16:33.800 going back and forth between different parts of your body, like. 0:16:33.800 --> 0:16:36.760 A shuttle cock and a badminton game. 0:16:37.560 --> 0:16:38.239 Exactly. 0:16:38.560 --> 0:16:40.480 Sorry, you've got shuttle cocks on the brink because I 0:16:40.480 --> 0:16:42.240 saw the Wham documentary last night. 0:16:42.760 --> 0:16:43.400 Oh is it good? 0:16:43.720 --> 0:16:44.280 It's great? 0:16:44.800 --> 0:16:45.800 Were they into badminton? 0:16:46.040 --> 0:16:49.040 There's one part with the shuttlecock and George Michael. 0:16:50.760 --> 0:16:52.160 It's very tantal here it is. 0:16:52.200 --> 0:16:53.680 It's as tantalizing as it sounds. 0:16:53.720 --> 0:16:55.400 Believed me, I gotta watch that. What's that on? 0:16:57.320 --> 0:16:59.920 I'd rather not say, I'm just kidding Netflix. 0:17:00.560 --> 0:17:02.560 Okay, I'm about to drop them, so maybe I'll watch 0:17:02.600 --> 0:17:03.400 it and then drop them. 0:17:03.720 --> 0:17:06.480 Yeah, it's worth watching before you drop them, for sure. 0:17:06.920 --> 0:17:11.280 Okay. Biotransformation is when the body breaks it down into 0:17:11.320 --> 0:17:13.920 its you know, it's different parts, and then from there 0:17:14.080 --> 0:17:17.040 it can be metabolized, which of course means it's going 0:17:17.080 --> 0:17:20.240 to be converted into some new kind of chemical. And 0:17:20.280 --> 0:17:22.600 we'll talk more about metabolism in a minute, because it's 0:17:22.640 --> 0:17:25.159 pretty important. Or the last thing it could do is 0:17:25.160 --> 0:17:28.040 eliminate it. It could you know. The liver, of course, 0:17:28.119 --> 0:17:30.080 is where it's usually gonna go, is the first stop 0:17:30.160 --> 0:17:32.800 processing center of the body. And then it's gonna you're 0:17:32.800 --> 0:17:34.879 gonna pee it out or poop it out or sweat 0:17:34.920 --> 0:17:37.680 it out, or it'll be in your hair and it'll 0:17:37.720 --> 0:17:39.800 grow out through your hair and then you'll cut that hair. 0:17:39.960 --> 0:17:45.200 Like Britney Spears, Man, you're just dropping the funny rest today, 0:17:45.480 --> 0:17:48.200 thanks Shuttle Cocks, Britney Spears what else? 0:17:48.600 --> 0:17:52.520 Oh, just you wait, buddy, Okay. But sometimes that stuff's 0:17:52.520 --> 0:17:56.159 eliminated intact, like it had no impact or effect on 0:17:56.200 --> 0:17:58.280 the body. And one of the very famous examples of 0:17:58.320 --> 0:18:00.840 that chuck is when your pea trans bright yellow after 0:18:00.880 --> 0:18:04.960 taking a multi vitamin. Right, what you're seeing is the 0:18:05.280 --> 0:18:10.720 excess B six or twelve that your body didn't absorb 0:18:10.800 --> 0:18:15.199 that's being sent out intact vitamin B has a fluorescent 0:18:15.600 --> 0:18:17.560 look to it, so it's taking your yellow P and 0:18:17.640 --> 0:18:20.720 boosting it in a neon status. 0:18:20.680 --> 0:18:21.480 Like wham style. 0:18:21.640 --> 0:18:25.920 Yeah, but technically you could drink your P with that 0:18:26.040 --> 0:18:29.679 vitamin B and you would inguest some more. It's just 0:18:29.760 --> 0:18:32.240 that there was more than your body needed at the 0:18:32.280 --> 0:18:35.800 time in that vitamin. So it's just excreting it out 0:18:35.920 --> 0:18:37.439 just the same way it came in. 0:18:38.280 --> 0:18:39.879 Yeah, and a lot of the stuff, you know, I 0:18:39.920 --> 0:18:43.280 mentioned those four ways, it's not just one or the other. 0:18:43.440 --> 0:18:46.159 Like a lot of these overlap as well. So a 0:18:46.200 --> 0:18:50.440 good example of that is you might ingest like, well THC. 0:18:50.520 --> 0:18:53.719 Let's say you let's see a puffed on a doobie. Okay, 0:18:55.440 --> 0:18:59.880 that THC is a xenobiotic, and THC is the most 0:19:00.040 --> 0:19:02.600 people know who know anything about it is absorbed in 0:19:02.720 --> 0:19:05.520 fat mainly. Yeah, it was called adipose. 0:19:05.880 --> 0:19:07.639 Yeah, that's your fatty tissue. 0:19:07.880 --> 0:19:10.199 Yeah, adipose fat. And that's where a lot of that 0:19:10.240 --> 0:19:13.879 THHC goes, and it doesn't stay there forever anything, but 0:19:14.240 --> 0:19:16.680 a lot of different kinds of xenobiotics may go into 0:19:16.720 --> 0:19:20.320 that those fat deposits. Let's say, lose some weight, it's 0:19:20.359 --> 0:19:25.119 gonna burn that fat off and then sometimes those xenobiotics 0:19:25.400 --> 0:19:28.320 can be released back into the bloodstream and it may 0:19:28.359 --> 0:19:30.920 be kind of the same or it may be changed, 0:19:31.640 --> 0:19:34.600 but it's in your body again because you have burned 0:19:34.640 --> 0:19:36.040 fat that was storing that stuff. 0:19:36.119 --> 0:19:38.040 Yeah, and just from it being present when you burn 0:19:38.080 --> 0:19:40.720 fat means that it could have been chemically changed into 0:19:40.760 --> 0:19:46.159 some new chemical compound, which is a frequent happenstance with 0:19:46.240 --> 0:19:49.159 zenobiotics in the human body, and that actually can be 0:19:49.200 --> 0:19:52.600 the fate of a lot of different xenobiotics. Your body 0:19:52.640 --> 0:19:56.560 takes them and turns them into entirely new things, so 0:19:56.600 --> 0:19:59.840 that that can happen to say THC that's part of 0:20:00.440 --> 0:20:03.440 a fat cell. Like it's burned for energy, it turns 0:20:03.440 --> 0:20:04.120 into PCP. 0:20:06.040 --> 0:20:08.960 It's amazing. By the way, the keen eared lister might 0:20:08.960 --> 0:20:10.680 have heard a little momo. 0:20:10.440 --> 0:20:12.320 Cameo, oh yeah, could you hear mo? 0:20:13.240 --> 0:20:15.040 I heard a little bit before you. You got up 0:20:15.080 --> 0:20:17.679 and said, mo, come on, you know in the red 0:20:17.760 --> 0:20:18.720 light's on? What that means? 0:20:18.920 --> 0:20:22.119 She's like, sorry, I know, but I just can't stand landscapers. 0:20:22.359 --> 0:20:24.640 There may have been a couple of barks in there, though, 0:20:24.640 --> 0:20:27.119 but I like that. I like a mumo cameoles leave. 0:20:27.000 --> 0:20:28.800 All right, cool, we will, She'll love it. 0:20:29.440 --> 0:20:33.320 Oh yeah, so uh we're pcp oh he is what 0:20:33.320 --> 0:20:33.920 you're talking about. 0:20:34.000 --> 0:20:36.720 Pcp Oh. There was one other thing that happens too, Right. 0:20:36.760 --> 0:20:39.120 So when this, say, the THD gets released back into 0:20:39.119 --> 0:20:43.720 your system, chuck one of the things. As it enters 0:20:43.760 --> 0:20:47.600 the bloodstream, you're it might get taken finally to the liver. 0:20:47.800 --> 0:20:50.439 And this is where the fate of most xenobiotics. The 0:20:50.560 --> 0:20:54.080 vast majority of xenobiotics end up in the liver or liver, 0:20:54.280 --> 0:20:57.960 and the liver actually produces enzymes that seem to be 0:20:58.040 --> 0:21:02.919 dedicated to but babolizing xenobiotics. We have a whole class 0:21:02.960 --> 0:21:07.960 of genes called cytochrome four fifty genes. They express enzymes 0:21:07.960 --> 0:21:12.800 that convert zenobiotics into less harmful stuff in the body. 0:21:13.160 --> 0:21:16.119 Pretty cool, right, And it also shows that like, zenobiotics 0:21:16.119 --> 0:21:18.360 are nothing new as far as our bodies are concerned. 0:21:18.480 --> 0:21:20.359 I know, it's kind of awesome and sad all the 0:21:20.359 --> 0:21:20.720 same time. 0:21:20.800 --> 0:21:22.880 Right, So the liver's going to process what it can. 0:21:23.000 --> 0:21:25.879 When it renders it harmless enough, it will send it 0:21:25.960 --> 0:21:29.160 to the kidneys or to the intestine, where it's either 0:21:29.200 --> 0:21:33.439 pooped out or peed out or the intestines will reabsorb 0:21:33.480 --> 0:21:37.040 it and send it back to the liver, and it'll 0:21:37.040 --> 0:21:40.600 be processed further and broken down further, and eventually, over 0:21:40.720 --> 0:21:44.200 enough time they call them half lives. Just like with radioactivity, 0:21:44.480 --> 0:21:48.160 the thing has been basically rinsed and repeated so many 0:21:48.200 --> 0:21:51.920 times that enough it's just so little of it in 0:21:51.960 --> 0:21:55.080 your system that it's essentially gone, even if there might 0:21:55.119 --> 0:21:56.440 be little trace amounts left. 0:21:57.160 --> 0:21:59.199 Yeah, and then I know we talked about this in 0:21:59.240 --> 0:22:03.120 our maybe an alcoholism or did you just do on 0:22:03.119 --> 0:22:07.639 on hangovers? Maybe sometimes it gets broken down into something 0:22:07.680 --> 0:22:11.280 that's worse for you, that's actually really bad. And alcohol 0:22:11.600 --> 0:22:14.520 is a great example. When it hits the liver, those 0:22:14.600 --> 0:22:17.240 enzymes go to work like they're trained to do, and 0:22:17.320 --> 0:22:21.719