1
00:00:00,560 --> 00:00:03,760
Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you missed in History Class from how

2
00:00:03,800 --> 00:00:13,880
Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast.

3
00:00:14,000 --> 00:00:17,080
Speaker 1: I'm Sarah Dowdy and I'm Deblina choker Boarding. And in

4
00:00:17,160 --> 00:00:20,880
Speaker 1: case you haven't noticed, we like themes and it's not

5
00:00:20,960 --> 00:00:24,040
Speaker 1: going to be an exclamation themed episode. But we also

6
00:00:24,120 --> 00:00:27,400
Speaker 1: like royal pretenders. They seem to come up a lot

7
00:00:28,120 --> 00:00:31,480
Speaker 1: um especially we like them when they're not just pretending

8
00:00:31,520 --> 00:00:35,960
Speaker 1: to claim a throne but actually pretending to be someone else.

9
00:00:36,159 --> 00:00:40,400
Speaker 1: A double pretend, yeah, double pretend, impostors as well as pretenders.

10
00:00:40,440 --> 00:00:42,839
Speaker 1: And today we're gonna be talking about a ten year

11
00:00:42,880 --> 00:00:46,839
Speaker 1: old boy named Lambert Snell. And because he was a

12
00:00:46,880 --> 00:00:50,920
Speaker 1: pretender and an impostor, an impostor two times over, you

13
00:00:51,000 --> 00:00:53,840
Speaker 1: probably haven't ever heard of him before. Yeah, but the

14
00:00:53,880 --> 00:00:56,040
Speaker 1: interesting thing about him is that for a brief time,

15
00:00:56,080 --> 00:01:00,120
Speaker 1: he had like this cooked up claim that threatened the

16
00:01:00,160 --> 00:01:04,640
Speaker 1: security of the tutor line major line in English is

17
00:01:04,880 --> 00:01:07,080
Speaker 1: just getting going at this but just getting going at

18
00:01:07,080 --> 00:01:09,840
Speaker 1: this point. And his defeat marked the true end of

19
00:01:09,880 --> 00:01:12,199
Speaker 1: the War of the Roses. Yeah, it's not all over

20
00:01:12,520 --> 00:01:15,480
Speaker 1: on boss Worth Field like you might think. Um, but

21
00:01:15,640 --> 00:01:19,640
Speaker 1: because it's also almost Patrick's day, we've picked a subject

22
00:01:19,720 --> 00:01:24,240
Speaker 1: that has a little bit of Irish influence on it too. Obviously,

23
00:01:24,280 --> 00:01:27,399
Speaker 1: the story ends well for the Tutors, not for the Irish,

24
00:01:27,440 --> 00:01:31,080
Speaker 1: but it's still interesting to learn a little bit about

25
00:01:31,640 --> 00:01:35,040
Speaker 1: um this history between the two countries and find out

26
00:01:35,040 --> 00:01:38,920
Speaker 1: why Ireland's chancellor would throw his weight behind a claimant

27
00:01:38,959 --> 00:01:41,640
Speaker 1: who was obviously a fraud. It's it's going to be

28
00:01:41,720 --> 00:01:45,240
Speaker 1: a curious question to answer. I think it definitely will.

29
00:01:45,280 --> 00:01:47,200
Speaker 1: But first let's take a little look at the War

30
00:01:47,240 --> 00:01:50,240
Speaker 1: of the Roses. Now, we get requests all the time

31
00:01:50,320 --> 00:01:52,120
Speaker 1: to talk about the War of the Roses, and this

32
00:01:52,160 --> 00:01:54,200
Speaker 1: is not going to be that episode. So don't get

33
00:01:54,240 --> 00:01:56,800
Speaker 1: too excited if you're one of those fans, but we

34
00:01:56,840 --> 00:01:58,760
Speaker 1: are going to refresh your memory just a little bit

35
00:01:58,800 --> 00:02:01,520
Speaker 1: about what happened. So the wars took place between the

36
00:02:01,560 --> 00:02:05,560
Speaker 1: Houses of York and Lancaster in the fourteen hundreds, and

37
00:02:06,280 --> 00:02:09,000
Speaker 1: what happened was a York claimant eventually came out on top,

38
00:02:09,200 --> 00:02:12,200
Speaker 1: Edward the Fourth. Yeah, and I mean there were a

39
00:02:12,240 --> 00:02:14,799
Speaker 1: few bumps in the road even once Edward the Fourth

40
00:02:14,960 --> 00:02:18,040
Speaker 1: was was the guy who who won. In the end,

41
00:02:18,120 --> 00:02:21,680
Speaker 1: he had to execute his own brother, supposedly in a

42
00:02:21,800 --> 00:02:29,200
Speaker 1: vat of wine. That's the old Shakespeare story apparently. Yeah, indeed, um,

43
00:02:29,280 --> 00:02:32,119
Speaker 1: that was George, Duke of Clarence, and that's an important

44
00:02:32,200 --> 00:02:34,160
Speaker 1: name to remember. We're not going to toss it. There

45
00:02:34,160 --> 00:02:36,680
Speaker 1: are a lot of names here and we're gonna only

46
00:02:36,760 --> 00:02:39,200
Speaker 1: mention the ones that are important. But that's one to

47
00:02:39,200 --> 00:02:43,400
Speaker 1: to remember, um. But aside from having to execute his

48
00:02:43,480 --> 00:02:46,560
Speaker 1: own brother, Edward the fourth was a really popular king.

49
00:02:46,639 --> 00:02:49,200
Speaker 1: He was a very good fighter. He was never defeated

50
00:02:49,240 --> 00:02:51,560
Speaker 1: on the field, so it seemed like things were going

51
00:02:51,680 --> 00:02:55,360
Speaker 1: pretty well for for his line. Plus he had two sons.

52
00:02:55,520 --> 00:02:59,680
Speaker 1: Unfortunately for the House of York. Edward up and died

53
00:02:59,720 --> 00:03:02,640
Speaker 1: before where those two sons came of age and the

54
00:03:02,680 --> 00:03:05,480
Speaker 1: rest of it you probably know from Shakespeare. Edward the fourth,

55
00:03:05,600 --> 00:03:08,239
Speaker 1: older brother comes in at this point Richard, the Duke

56
00:03:08,280 --> 00:03:10,960
Speaker 1: of Gloucester, and he locks the boys in the Tower

57
00:03:11,040 --> 00:03:13,080
Speaker 1: of London. So if you've ever visited the Tower of

58
00:03:13,080 --> 00:03:14,920
Speaker 1: London or you're from England, you might have heard the

59
00:03:14,960 --> 00:03:18,080
Speaker 1: story as well. At this point, Richard declares himself King

60
00:03:18,200 --> 00:03:21,959
Speaker 1: Richard the Third, and the boys disappear. That's another one

61
00:03:22,000 --> 00:03:27,120
Speaker 1: of your like most requested suggestions. What happened to the

62
00:03:27,120 --> 00:03:29,080
Speaker 1: the princes in the Tower. Yeah, it's one of those

63
00:03:29,120 --> 00:03:30,919
Speaker 1: things that I think really makes the Tower of London

64
00:03:30,960 --> 00:03:32,720
Speaker 1: an exciting site to see, even though it's kind of

65
00:03:32,720 --> 00:03:37,040
Speaker 1: a really touristy site. It's it's fascinating for those scary

66
00:03:37,080 --> 00:03:39,720
Speaker 1: stories you hear. But that was in fourteen eighty three

67
00:03:39,800 --> 00:03:42,920
Speaker 1: and is one of history's great mysteries. Yeah. And not

68
00:03:43,040 --> 00:03:46,600
Speaker 1: too long after that, though, Richard the Third was defeated

69
00:03:46,640 --> 00:03:49,680
Speaker 1: in the Battle of bosworth Field by this new guy,

70
00:03:49,800 --> 00:03:52,240
Speaker 1: this kind of random guy. I mean, that's not a

71
00:03:52,320 --> 00:03:55,760
Speaker 1: very historical way to put it, but essentially what he was,

72
00:03:55,880 --> 00:04:01,200
Speaker 1: Henry Tudor, Henry Tudor victorious makes him self Henry the seventh.

73
00:04:01,240 --> 00:04:03,160
Speaker 1: And it's a really big deal because it's not just

74
00:04:03,240 --> 00:04:06,800
Speaker 1: the end of the Wars of the Roses in that

75
00:04:07,000 --> 00:04:10,240
Speaker 1: York Lancaster battle that had been going on for so long.

76
00:04:10,440 --> 00:04:14,800
Speaker 1: It also ends the Plantagenet House, which Katie and I

77
00:04:14,840 --> 00:04:17,960
Speaker 1: did an episode ages ago on Eleanor of Aquitaine, so

78
00:04:18,000 --> 00:04:21,120
Speaker 1: we know that those that family has been around and

79
00:04:21,200 --> 00:04:26,080
Speaker 1: in power for a very long time. Definitely, and Henry's

80
00:04:26,120 --> 00:04:28,920
Speaker 1: own claim, though was pretty tenuous at that point. According

81
00:04:28,960 --> 00:04:33,200
Speaker 1: to British heritage. In five there were actually twenty nine

82
00:04:33,320 --> 00:04:36,640
Speaker 1: living people who were more qualified than he to to

83
00:04:36,839 --> 00:04:39,560
Speaker 1: take the throw. You had better claims, right, But he's

84
00:04:39,560 --> 00:04:42,080
Speaker 1: a pretty shrewd guy, and so he tries to solidify

85
00:04:42,240 --> 00:04:44,680
Speaker 1: his claim by marrying a York girl, the daughter of

86
00:04:44,800 --> 00:04:48,520
Speaker 1: Edward the fourth, the sister of the Princes of the Tower. Yeah,

87
00:04:48,600 --> 00:04:51,760
Speaker 1: and um, you know that that probably helps get a

88
00:04:51,800 --> 00:04:54,160
Speaker 1: certain amount of support, but there's still plenty of people

89
00:04:54,200 --> 00:04:58,920
Speaker 1: who don't want him to be king, especially loyal Yorkists.

90
00:04:59,160 --> 00:05:03,039
Speaker 1: And that's where our story stand in fourteen eighties six,

91
00:05:03,400 --> 00:05:07,080
Speaker 1: when we have this pretender come in. And the interesting

92
00:05:07,120 --> 00:05:09,800
Speaker 1: thing about ten year old Lambert from Nell is that

93
00:05:09,839 --> 00:05:12,320
Speaker 1: he's so much of a pawn in his own story

94
00:05:12,360 --> 00:05:15,520
Speaker 1: that we can't really start talking about it without talking

95
00:05:15,560 --> 00:05:17,839
Speaker 1: about some other people first. It kind of reminded me

96
00:05:17,920 --> 00:05:21,400
Speaker 1: of like boy bands or something like, you know, you

97
00:05:21,440 --> 00:05:24,440
Speaker 1: get the contact first, and then you you cast the part,

98
00:05:24,520 --> 00:05:27,760
Speaker 1: then you cast the parts. Yeah. So, um, we'll give

99
00:05:27,760 --> 00:05:31,240
Speaker 1: you a little background on this particular Minuto scenario that's

100
00:05:31,279 --> 00:05:35,200
Speaker 1: happening here. The Viscount Level, who is a crony of

101
00:05:35,320 --> 00:05:38,120
Speaker 1: Richard and a Yorkist. He's the first to stage a

102
00:05:38,160 --> 00:05:40,960
Speaker 1: major uprising against Henry the seventh just some months after

103
00:05:41,040 --> 00:05:44,400
Speaker 1: his coronation. When this fails, though, he ends up going

104
00:05:44,400 --> 00:05:47,640
Speaker 1: to Oxford and continues to scheme and look for a way.

105
00:05:47,720 --> 00:05:49,880
Speaker 1: So he's one person that's involved in this. The other

106
00:05:49,920 --> 00:05:53,600
Speaker 1: one is John della Pole. He meets John de la Pole,

107
00:05:53,720 --> 00:05:57,200
Speaker 1: who is Earl of Lincoln, and John de la Pole

108
00:05:57,279 --> 00:05:59,880
Speaker 1: is actually a real claimant to the throw and he

109
00:06:00,080 --> 00:06:01,919
Speaker 1: was the nephew of Richard the third and Edward the

110
00:06:01,960 --> 00:06:04,960
Speaker 1: fourth and is likely even Richard's air. Yeah, he's one

111
00:06:04,960 --> 00:06:08,880
Speaker 1: of their sister's son, so definitely, uh, I mean it

112
00:06:08,920 --> 00:06:11,919
Speaker 1: has a better claim than Henry tudor Um. But he

113
00:06:12,040 --> 00:06:14,400
Speaker 1: seems like he would be the head of this rebellion,

114
00:06:14,560 --> 00:06:19,239
Speaker 1: somebody who's so closely related to the former king Um.

115
00:06:19,279 --> 00:06:22,599
Speaker 1: But surprisingly he does not take up the pretender business

116
00:06:22,600 --> 00:06:25,640
Speaker 1: for himself. It is a very dangerous job, especially if

117
00:06:25,640 --> 00:06:29,080
Speaker 1: you are the figurehead of the rebellion. So Lincoln and

118
00:06:29,200 --> 00:06:34,719
Speaker 1: Level conspire with this Oxford priest named Richard simmons Um

119
00:06:34,800 --> 00:06:37,200
Speaker 1: kind of not the one you heard of? You heard of?

120
00:06:37,400 --> 00:06:39,640
Speaker 1: Exercise guy. I feel like we should start a list

121
00:06:39,839 --> 00:06:44,359
Speaker 1: of people who are more famous today. May make random

122
00:06:44,360 --> 00:06:48,600
Speaker 1: appearances in history, always a little bit awkward. Anyways, they

123
00:06:48,600 --> 00:06:52,279
Speaker 1: conspire with this Oxford priest who presents one of his

124
00:06:52,480 --> 00:06:57,720
Speaker 1: students as none other but Richard Duke of York. Richard

125
00:06:57,800 --> 00:07:00,640
Speaker 1: Duke of York is one of the little town were boys,

126
00:07:00,720 --> 00:07:05,280
Speaker 1: so surprise, surprise, it seems he's alive and in the

127
00:07:05,279 --> 00:07:08,640
Speaker 1: form of this Oxford student. Alive and well, of course

128
00:07:08,680 --> 00:07:12,760
Speaker 1: it's really Lambert from Nell, who just happens to be

129
00:07:12,840 --> 00:07:17,440
Speaker 1: a handsome enough boy, the son of an Oxford tradesman. Um.

130
00:07:17,480 --> 00:07:20,880
Speaker 1: He said to look kind of like the younger Tower Prince,

131
00:07:21,440 --> 00:07:24,280
Speaker 1: but I mean, who knows how many people would really

132
00:07:24,280 --> 00:07:26,640
Speaker 1: even know what those two boys looked like. He just

133
00:07:27,160 --> 00:07:29,600
Speaker 1: he has the bearing of a prince and the manners,

134
00:07:29,800 --> 00:07:33,680
Speaker 1: and he's been trained to play the part. So by

135
00:07:33,960 --> 00:07:38,560
Speaker 1: late fourteen six, these two conspirators, Lincoln and Level, they're

136
00:07:38,640 --> 00:07:41,840
Speaker 1: sure that their boy will not quote step out of character.

137
00:07:42,080 --> 00:07:45,680
Speaker 1: As Karen Kenyon wrote, They've also gotten some funding from

138
00:07:45,720 --> 00:07:48,880
Speaker 1: Lincoln's aunt, who is Margaret of Burgundy, and she's really

139
00:07:48,920 --> 00:07:51,040
Speaker 1: eager to see the York's return to power, even if

140
00:07:51,040 --> 00:07:53,760
Speaker 1: they do it through the rise of this pretender boy,

141
00:07:54,040 --> 00:07:57,360
Speaker 1: Lambert Simnel. Yeah, I mean, she would I'm sure rather

142
00:07:57,400 --> 00:08:00,200
Speaker 1: see one of her family members on the threat own.

143
00:08:00,280 --> 00:08:03,640
Speaker 1: But that's something to keep in mind with this whole

144
00:08:03,720 --> 00:08:08,440
Speaker 1: random pretender business too, that if the rebellion was successful,

145
00:08:09,000 --> 00:08:12,520
Speaker 1: I'm pretty sure that somebody who was actually from the

146
00:08:12,600 --> 00:08:14,640
Speaker 1: York family would end up on the throne and poor

147
00:08:14,640 --> 00:08:19,800
Speaker 1: little Lambert would be disappeared. Yeah. Who knows what they

148
00:08:19,840 --> 00:08:22,200
Speaker 1: told him at the time, but it probably wouldn't have

149
00:08:22,200 --> 00:08:24,640
Speaker 1: turned out so well for him in the end. Yeah.

150
00:08:24,640 --> 00:08:28,480
Speaker 1: But anyways, this is also where Ireland becomes important. We

151
00:08:28,480 --> 00:08:30,960
Speaker 1: were not going to neglect this country because this is

152
00:08:31,040 --> 00:08:34,800
Speaker 1: kind of our St. Patrick's Day episode. So the conspirators

153
00:08:34,920 --> 00:08:38,560
Speaker 1: decide that Ireland will be the york Is base for

154
00:08:38,600 --> 00:08:42,520
Speaker 1: the plot, and that's where they head off to. And

155
00:08:42,600 --> 00:08:46,200
Speaker 1: we have to ask why Ireland. Why would Ireland be

156
00:08:46,559 --> 00:08:50,200
Speaker 1: the head for for this rebellion? Um There was a

157
00:08:50,240 --> 00:08:55,280
Speaker 1: lot of York support in Ireland, surprisingly strong support, especially

158
00:08:55,320 --> 00:08:59,520
Speaker 1: from so called home rule Anglo Irish lords, and it

159
00:08:59,600 --> 00:09:02,080
Speaker 1: was partly because members of the York family had served

160
00:09:02,120 --> 00:09:05,640
Speaker 1: as lieutenants in Ireland for thirty years and had been

161
00:09:05,679 --> 00:09:08,920
Speaker 1: pretty popular at least with some people while they were there,

162
00:09:09,400 --> 00:09:11,840
Speaker 1: and one of them was even lieutenant when the Parliament

163
00:09:11,840 --> 00:09:15,920
Speaker 1: at Dreda declared Ireland independent. So they had they had

164
00:09:15,960 --> 00:09:18,960
Speaker 1: fond memories of the York family. They felt like they

165
00:09:19,000 --> 00:09:21,960
Speaker 1: had been treated well enough, and the tutors were an

166
00:09:22,040 --> 00:09:25,200
Speaker 1: unknown quantity at this point. Yeah, and another thing to

167
00:09:25,240 --> 00:09:27,600
Speaker 1: note is that they were especially a big fans of

168
00:09:27,640 --> 00:09:31,080
Speaker 1: that wine drowned Duke of Clarence who we mentioned earlier.

169
00:09:31,480 --> 00:09:34,520
Speaker 1: He was born in Dublin and considered quote countryman and

170
00:09:34,559 --> 00:09:37,480
Speaker 1: protector of the land. So this brings us to kind

171
00:09:37,480 --> 00:09:42,080
Speaker 1: of the next stage, and our pretender conspiracy and Irish

172
00:09:42,120 --> 00:09:46,040
Speaker 1: support actually increases at this point because Lambert Simnels suddenly

173
00:09:46,160 --> 00:09:50,760
Speaker 1: ceases being the Prince in the Tower, his first faux identity,

174
00:09:50,920 --> 00:09:55,480
Speaker 1: and becomes the twelve year old Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Warwick,

175
00:09:55,800 --> 00:09:58,800
Speaker 1: the deceased Duke of Clarence, son and nephew of Edward

176
00:09:58,800 --> 00:10:01,160
Speaker 1: the fourth and Richard the Third. So, I mean, this

177
00:10:02,360 --> 00:10:05,640
Speaker 1: part makes it pretty unbelievable. I would say, not only

178
00:10:06,080 --> 00:10:09,800
Speaker 1: is this random boy from Oxford pretending to be one prince,

179
00:10:09,920 --> 00:10:13,480
Speaker 1: now he's pretending to be an earl who is actually

180
00:10:13,559 --> 00:10:16,640
Speaker 1: still alive. I'm just thinking about this poor little ten

181
00:10:16,720 --> 00:10:19,280
Speaker 1: year old boy, and how confused he has to I

182
00:10:19,360 --> 00:10:22,200
Speaker 1: know he and I mean apparently he would. He would

183
00:10:22,240 --> 00:10:25,480
Speaker 1: amuse people by recounting stories of his father's court. And

184
00:10:25,520 --> 00:10:27,520
Speaker 1: you can just imagine all his handlers saying like, no,

185
00:10:27,640 --> 00:10:31,640
Speaker 1: don't tell those stories anymore. It's like the wrong background.

186
00:10:31,720 --> 00:10:34,800
Speaker 1: You need to change the whole thing. Flip the switch. Yes,

187
00:10:35,160 --> 00:10:38,640
Speaker 1: I mean it would be disturbing, I'm sure, um, But

188
00:10:38,720 --> 00:10:41,480
Speaker 1: the this whole switchero I mean there is a reason

189
00:10:41,520 --> 00:10:43,800
Speaker 1: behind it, and it comes out of false news in

190
00:10:43,880 --> 00:10:47,000
Speaker 1: early four seven that the Earl of Warwick had been

191
00:10:47,040 --> 00:10:50,080
Speaker 1: imprisoned in the tower and killed, which wouldn't be that

192
00:10:50,200 --> 00:10:54,480
Speaker 1: surprising anyways. He is probably one of the Yorks with

193
00:10:54,559 --> 00:10:57,800
Speaker 1: the strongest claim to the throne at this point. So

194
00:10:57,960 --> 00:11:00,800
Speaker 1: Lincoln and Level essentially take a gamble and they decide

195
00:11:00,840 --> 00:11:04,360
Speaker 1: that if Warwick really has been killed, and if Henry

196
00:11:04,400 --> 00:11:07,800
Speaker 1: the seventh is called upon to produce him and he can't,

197
00:11:08,720 --> 00:11:12,440
Speaker 1: he'll be exposed as a murderer or people will think

198
00:11:12,520 --> 00:11:15,680
Speaker 1: that Simnel is the real deal. And you know, maybe

199
00:11:15,720 --> 00:11:19,040
Speaker 1: even if Henry the Seventh can produce Warwick, people will

200
00:11:19,080 --> 00:11:22,080
Speaker 1: be so confused about what's going on they might not

201
00:11:22,280 --> 00:11:25,439
Speaker 1: know who's who, And that's exactly what happens. Henry the

202
00:11:25,480 --> 00:11:30,080
Speaker 1: Seventh gets legitimately concerned and he takes Warwick out of

203
00:11:30,120 --> 00:11:33,120
Speaker 1: wherever he's keeping him, sort of parades him around London.

204
00:11:33,360 --> 00:11:36,040
Speaker 1: He even takes the poor kid to church with him,

205
00:11:36,080 --> 00:11:40,120
Speaker 1: you know, finally like showing him. Yeah, And it's too

206
00:11:40,160 --> 00:11:43,080
Speaker 1: late though, because by that point people are confused. They're

207
00:11:43,120 --> 00:11:46,600
Speaker 1: not sure which of these boys is the real thing,

208
00:11:46,880 --> 00:11:51,160
Speaker 1: and everyone's everyone's just mixed up. That's what happens when

209
00:11:51,440 --> 00:11:56,160
Speaker 1: pretenders are also imposters. So true. So meanwhile, the Irish

210
00:11:56,200 --> 00:11:59,199
Speaker 1: are only continuing to build up the young Simnels, so

211
00:11:59,240 --> 00:12:02,880
Speaker 1: they're kind of playing on this whole confusion, most notably

212
00:12:03,080 --> 00:12:06,600
Speaker 1: the Lord Deputy of Ireland, Gerald Fitzgerald, Earl of Kildare,

213
00:12:06,640 --> 00:12:09,880
Speaker 1: and his brother Thomas Fitzgerald, Chancellor of Ireland. They're working

214
00:12:09,880 --> 00:12:12,600
Speaker 1: on this and building up this story a bit. So

215
00:12:12,679 --> 00:12:16,679
Speaker 1: with such strong Irish support, Killed Dare sets up a

216
00:12:16,679 --> 00:12:19,520
Speaker 1: coronation and I mean, you probably didn't expect it to

217
00:12:19,559 --> 00:12:24,760
Speaker 1: get quite this far, but it happens. Simnel is crowned

218
00:12:24,800 --> 00:12:28,800
Speaker 1: at Dublin's christ Church Cathedral and he's accepted as king

219
00:12:28,960 --> 00:12:31,760
Speaker 1: everywhere in Ireland. But Waterford. And that's a note too.

220
00:12:31,960 --> 00:12:36,520
Speaker 1: He's accepted as King of England and Ireland, not King

221
00:12:36,679 --> 00:12:39,920
Speaker 1: of England and Lord of Ireland as as he would

222
00:12:39,960 --> 00:12:43,920
Speaker 1: traditionally have been. Um. But it's kind of sad too,

223
00:12:43,960 --> 00:12:46,400
Speaker 1: and it reminds us again that he's just this little boy.

224
00:12:46,480 --> 00:12:49,200
Speaker 1: He's so tiny that he has to wear a crown

225
00:12:49,320 --> 00:12:53,000
Speaker 1: off the statue of the Virgin and afterwards the mayor

226
00:12:53,160 --> 00:12:57,160
Speaker 1: carries him through Dublin on his shoulders to a big

227
00:12:57,200 --> 00:13:00,760
Speaker 1: feast at Dublin Castle. He's probably the king all he

228
00:13:00,840 --> 00:13:02,960
Speaker 1: must have been really good at pretending and it's all

229
00:13:02,960 --> 00:13:05,360
Speaker 1: paying off. Yeah, he might be having a good time

230
00:13:05,360 --> 00:13:09,000
Speaker 1: at this point, but it makes you wonder did people

231
00:13:09,040 --> 00:13:13,079
Speaker 1: really buy into these switcheroos and shady claims that we're

232
00:13:13,120 --> 00:13:15,920
Speaker 1: going on, especially the Irish, did they really buy into

233
00:13:15,920 --> 00:13:18,360
Speaker 1: everything that was going on? I mean you just said it.

234
00:13:18,440 --> 00:13:21,360
Speaker 1: Everybody in Ireland except for the people in Waterford pretty

235
00:13:21,400 --> 00:13:24,760
Speaker 1: much accepted him, so yeah, they were the holdouts. Um,

236
00:13:24,840 --> 00:13:27,479
Speaker 1: so let's take a look at it. Well, most historians

237
00:13:27,520 --> 00:13:30,600
Speaker 1: think no, that the Irish didn't really buy into it.

238
00:13:30,600 --> 00:13:34,000
Speaker 1: It's simply suited the purposes of the Irish Yorkists to

239
00:13:34,040 --> 00:13:37,600
Speaker 1: play such a major role in this promising uprising. Yeah,

240
00:13:37,679 --> 00:13:42,040
Speaker 1: you have this boy king, and if he's successful and

241
00:13:42,200 --> 00:13:44,800
Speaker 1: you helped put him on the throne, well then hopefully

242
00:13:45,200 --> 00:13:47,640
Speaker 1: you get treated a little better than than you might

243
00:13:47,800 --> 00:13:51,840
Speaker 1: under the current ruler. Yeah. There is one historian, though,

244
00:13:51,880 --> 00:13:54,840
Speaker 1: at least Jeremy Potter, who differs with us. He says,

245
00:13:54,920 --> 00:13:58,240
Speaker 1: kill dare respected Lincoln and Level's word, and since they

246
00:13:58,280 --> 00:14:00,760
Speaker 1: swore the boy was the son of the Juke of Clarence,

247
00:14:00,840 --> 00:14:03,840
Speaker 1: he might have actually really believe them. Yeah. So, I mean,

248
00:14:04,440 --> 00:14:06,320
Speaker 1: you know, I guess I can see either way, But

249
00:14:06,640 --> 00:14:09,800
Speaker 1: at least for the majority of people, I can't imagine

250
00:14:09,880 --> 00:14:12,719
Speaker 1: that they would seriously believe this claim. You'd have to,

251
00:14:13,000 --> 00:14:15,000
Speaker 1: you'd have to pay lip service to it, you know,

252
00:14:15,040 --> 00:14:17,600
Speaker 1: you'd have to. You'd have to go out and really

253
00:14:17,720 --> 00:14:19,960
Speaker 1: say you did believe it was the boy and he

254
00:14:20,000 --> 00:14:22,960
Speaker 1: should be king. But I don't know, I think it

255
00:14:23,040 --> 00:14:25,640
Speaker 1: seemed pretty obvious he was a puppet. Yeah, it seems

256
00:14:25,640 --> 00:14:27,040
Speaker 1: like a stretch. Who knows. Maybe it was a little

257
00:14:27,080 --> 00:14:31,160
Speaker 1: bit of a mixture. Some did, some didn't, But you know, regardless,

258
00:14:31,200 --> 00:14:34,520
Speaker 1: Ireland does come out in support of the boy. It

259
00:14:34,960 --> 00:14:37,960
Speaker 1: throws its lot in with the boy and the rebel

260
00:14:38,000 --> 00:14:41,840
Speaker 1: makeup that sails for the Lancashire coast is. Um. It

261
00:14:41,880 --> 00:14:46,520
Speaker 1: seems pretty impressive initially at least. Yeah, two thousand German

262
00:14:46,520 --> 00:14:50,200
Speaker 1: mercenaries under the command of Swiss Captain Martin Schwartz, paid

263
00:14:50,240 --> 00:14:52,520
Speaker 1: for by Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy. Of course, it is

264
00:14:52,560 --> 00:14:55,840
Speaker 1: the money behind the money bags. And there were up

265
00:14:55,840 --> 00:14:59,720
Speaker 1: to five thousand Irish but mostly rebel. Yeah, just guys

266
00:14:59,760 --> 00:15:03,720
Speaker 1: who have joined up for various reasons. Um. They're joined

267
00:15:03,760 --> 00:15:07,680
Speaker 1: in England by more rebels and a few Scottish mercenaries.

268
00:15:08,120 --> 00:15:11,600
Speaker 1: But this is where the first cracks start to show.

269
00:15:11,680 --> 00:15:15,800
Speaker 1: Lincoln was definitely assuming that more people in England would

270
00:15:16,040 --> 00:15:18,720
Speaker 1: would join up, would come to to support the York

271
00:15:18,960 --> 00:15:22,360
Speaker 1: cause against the Tutors. But it seemed like the English

272
00:15:22,400 --> 00:15:25,600
Speaker 1: were pretty leer at this whole plan. And according to

273
00:15:25,800 --> 00:15:29,240
Speaker 1: a really great article in military history by Stephen Jarvis,

274
00:15:29,400 --> 00:15:33,359
Speaker 1: Lord Baconstead of the march into Yorkshire, quote, their snowball

275
00:15:33,480 --> 00:15:36,720
Speaker 1: did not gather as it went, And he also said

276
00:15:36,800 --> 00:15:39,920
Speaker 1: that um Englishmen didn't quote care to have a king

277
00:15:40,120 --> 00:15:43,520
Speaker 1: brought into them upon the shoulders of Irish and Dutch.

278
00:15:44,400 --> 00:15:47,040
Speaker 1: So that might have been a pretty big oversight on

279
00:15:47,160 --> 00:15:50,040
Speaker 1: Lincoln and Level's part. But the King wasn't really doing

280
00:15:50,080 --> 00:15:52,480
Speaker 1: so well with support either at that point. He was

281
00:15:52,600 --> 00:15:55,040
Speaker 1: trying to rally people and the rebels actually got five

282
00:15:55,120 --> 00:15:58,000
Speaker 1: days to hunker down before the Royalist supporters got there

283
00:15:58,040 --> 00:16:01,200
Speaker 1: to challenge them in the first place. His main allies,

284
00:16:01,240 --> 00:16:03,720
Speaker 1: the king's main allies at this point are Henry Percy,

285
00:16:03,800 --> 00:16:07,200
Speaker 1: Earl of Northumberland and Henry Lord Clifford, but he's later

286
00:16:07,320 --> 00:16:11,120
Speaker 1: joined by George Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, George Lord Strange,

287
00:16:11,240 --> 00:16:15,320
Speaker 1: and John Cheney in Nottingham. So these captains they add

288
00:16:15,360 --> 00:16:17,720
Speaker 1: a lot of men, so things start to look up

289
00:16:17,720 --> 00:16:20,320
Speaker 1: gradually for him. They add about six thousand men and

290
00:16:20,480 --> 00:16:25,040
Speaker 1: just in time since the rebels have come through Sherwood Forest. Yeah.

291
00:16:25,080 --> 00:16:28,960
Speaker 1: So the battle finally goes down on June six, and

292
00:16:29,000 --> 00:16:32,680
Speaker 1: it's just outside the village of Stoke on Trent, Thus

293
00:16:32,720 --> 00:16:36,240
Speaker 1: the Battle of Stokefield, that's what it's called. It's nine

294
00:16:36,360 --> 00:16:41,520
Speaker 1: thousand rebels versus fifteen thousand Royalists and the mercenary. Schwartz

295
00:16:41,560 --> 00:16:44,680
Speaker 1: knows that it's not looking very good for them. You know,

296
00:16:44,680 --> 00:16:47,320
Speaker 1: they really didn't get the English support they needed to

297
00:16:48,080 --> 00:16:52,160
Speaker 1: to to truly fight, and he says to Lincoln, quote Sarah,

298
00:16:52,280 --> 00:16:54,800
Speaker 1: now I see well that you have deceived yourself and

299
00:16:54,840 --> 00:16:58,480
Speaker 1: also me, but that notwithstanding all such promise as I

300
00:16:58,520 --> 00:17:01,240
Speaker 1: made and to my lady the Dutch, I shall perform.

301
00:17:01,920 --> 00:17:05,919
Speaker 1: So the quote beggarly and naked Irish are a reserve.

302
00:17:06,040 --> 00:17:08,720
Speaker 1: We call them rabble earlier, but just guys who are

303
00:17:08,760 --> 00:17:13,200
Speaker 1: not really very skilled fighters. Certainly it's not an army. Yeah,

304
00:17:13,240 --> 00:17:16,359
Speaker 1: they're not an army. They're not well equipped soldiers. They

305
00:17:16,400 --> 00:17:19,600
Speaker 1: make up the reserve. The Germans lead a charge, and

306
00:17:20,160 --> 00:17:23,000
Speaker 1: they do this because they don't have archers, and Schwartz

307
00:17:23,080 --> 00:17:26,240
Speaker 1: knows that the English do, and if they end up

308
00:17:26,280 --> 00:17:31,080
Speaker 1: on this prolonged fight, the rebels will will surely lose.

309
00:17:31,160 --> 00:17:33,600
Speaker 1: And it it This tactic does work. For a minute,

310
00:17:33,600 --> 00:17:36,919
Speaker 1: this this charge, it's scary. They are all these German

311
00:17:36,960 --> 00:17:40,479
Speaker 1: guys with twenty ft pikes, and some of the English,

312
00:17:40,640 --> 00:17:44,600
Speaker 1: especially those who are not quite as battle trained, start

313
00:17:44,680 --> 00:17:47,760
Speaker 1: to flee and break up. But the English regroup, they

314
00:17:47,760 --> 00:17:51,040
Speaker 1: get it together again, and their weapons are superior, especially

315
00:17:51,040 --> 00:17:53,800
Speaker 1: when it comes to hand to hand combat. The twenty pikes,

316
00:17:53,840 --> 00:17:56,440
Speaker 1: I mean, that's great charging down the hill, but maybe

317
00:17:56,480 --> 00:17:59,639
Speaker 1: a little awkward when you're fighting in the thick of things.

318
00:18:00,240 --> 00:18:02,720
Speaker 1: The Irish try to retreat over the ridge because they

319
00:18:02,720 --> 00:18:06,000
Speaker 1: really don't have good weaponry at all, and the battle,

320
00:18:06,119 --> 00:18:10,640
Speaker 1: according to Stephen Jarvis, becomes quote butchery pretty quickly. Yeah,

321
00:18:10,720 --> 00:18:13,200
Speaker 1: four thousand Irish were killed trying to cross the Trent,

322
00:18:13,320 --> 00:18:16,920
Speaker 1: which is still called the Red Gutter. Some mercenaries they

323
00:18:16,960 --> 00:18:20,280
Speaker 1: die fighting, pretty much all of them, right then. I mean,

324
00:18:20,359 --> 00:18:24,240
Speaker 1: they're they're trained guys, and they know it's what they

325
00:18:24,240 --> 00:18:28,879
Speaker 1: gotta do. Honorable thing. Lincoln and the irishman Thomas Fitzgerald

326
00:18:28,920 --> 00:18:32,199
Speaker 1: are killed in battle. But Level's body has never found

327
00:18:32,240 --> 00:18:35,040
Speaker 1: and this part I find really fascinating. He could he

328
00:18:35,080 --> 00:18:37,320
Speaker 1: have escaped across the Trent. You know, no one knows

329
00:18:37,320 --> 00:18:40,720
Speaker 1: what happened to him, but it's likely that he probably drowned.

330
00:18:41,119 --> 00:18:44,800
Speaker 1: But here's the catch. Later in the eighteenth century, there

331
00:18:44,880 --> 00:18:47,840
Speaker 1: was a secret chamber found in Level's ancestral home, and

332
00:18:47,880 --> 00:18:51,560
Speaker 1: there was a skeleton inside that secret chamber, seated at

333
00:18:51,560 --> 00:18:54,719
Speaker 1: a table. Yeah, not just lying down at a table.

334
00:18:54,880 --> 00:18:57,959
Speaker 1: That's really weird. And I mean, obviously we don't know

335
00:18:58,040 --> 00:19:03,119
Speaker 1: if that is Level himself, but definitely a strange note

336
00:19:03,160 --> 00:19:06,200
Speaker 1: to mention. So with the end of the battle, it's

337
00:19:06,240 --> 00:19:08,720
Speaker 1: the end of the Wars of the Roses, and the

338
00:19:08,800 --> 00:19:13,200
Speaker 1: Yorkist leaders are buried with green willows staves driven through

339
00:19:13,200 --> 00:19:16,520
Speaker 1: their hearts. Really kind of a grizzly thing to do.

340
00:19:17,000 --> 00:19:20,119
Speaker 1: Henry the Seventh loses three thousand men, but none of

341
00:19:20,160 --> 00:19:24,399
Speaker 1: them are nobles or gentlemen. Um, I mean, poor other guys.

342
00:19:24,480 --> 00:19:27,320
Speaker 1: But I guess that's of note for him that he's

343
00:19:27,359 --> 00:19:30,040
Speaker 1: not losing his his captains in case he's got to

344
00:19:30,160 --> 00:19:33,240
Speaker 1: keep fighting later. And then a few days after this,

345
00:19:33,440 --> 00:19:37,639
Speaker 1: he's in Lincoln and he publicly executes the surviving rebels

346
00:19:37,680 --> 00:19:40,920
Speaker 1: to really make a point. You know, I'm the king now,

347
00:19:41,040 --> 00:19:45,080
Speaker 1: don't try any of this. But remarkably, some of our

348
00:19:45,119 --> 00:19:48,439
Speaker 1: main characters from this podcast are not in that group

349
00:19:48,480 --> 00:19:52,200
Speaker 1: of executed rebels. Some of the main players actually. Yeah,

350
00:19:52,359 --> 00:19:55,440
Speaker 1: Earl of Kildare, for example, he ends up spending a

351
00:19:55,480 --> 00:19:58,720
Speaker 1: spell in the tower, but is eventually pardoned. He even

352
00:19:58,800 --> 00:20:02,919
Speaker 1: gets back his whole as Lord Deputy and is essentially

353
00:20:02,960 --> 00:20:05,920
Speaker 1: the power broker between the Gaelic and Anglo Irish lords. Yeah,

354
00:20:05,920 --> 00:20:07,679
Speaker 1: we're going to talk a little bit more about him

355
00:20:07,720 --> 00:20:11,480
Speaker 1: in a minute. The Priest Richard Simmons is sentenced to

356
00:20:11,560 --> 00:20:14,959
Speaker 1: life in prison. He's probably safe because he is a priest,

357
00:20:15,560 --> 00:20:19,600
Speaker 1: and even a little Lambertsnell gets a job. I guess

358
00:20:19,760 --> 00:20:23,000
Speaker 1: Henry the Seventh just realizes he's not a threat on

359
00:20:23,080 --> 00:20:27,400
Speaker 1: his own. He was a puppet. He's just a little boy.

360
00:20:27,440 --> 00:20:31,200
Speaker 1: He's put to work in the royal kitchen, which Debilina

361
00:20:31,320 --> 00:20:33,760
Speaker 1: was saying that it sounded like a better job than

362
00:20:33,840 --> 00:20:37,359
Speaker 1: being a royal pretender in the first place. Yeah, totally.

363
00:20:37,400 --> 00:20:40,399
Speaker 1: I mean, as you pointed out in earlier in the podcast,

364
00:20:40,560 --> 00:20:43,359
Speaker 1: if he had, if it worked, if their scheme had worked,

365
00:20:43,400 --> 00:20:46,760
Speaker 1: he probably would have been disposed of pretty soon. So

366
00:20:46,840 --> 00:20:49,359
Speaker 1: I think being a being a chef, a royal chef,

367
00:20:49,400 --> 00:20:51,640
Speaker 1: sounds a lot better than that. He even gets a promotion.

368
00:20:51,880 --> 00:20:54,679
Speaker 1: He does. He gets promoted to royal falconer, and he

369
00:20:54,720 --> 00:20:59,200
Speaker 1: lives to age fifty, which is a remarkable age considering

370
00:20:59,280 --> 00:21:02,919
Speaker 1: he is a no own tutor trader, I mean fifty.

371
00:21:03,119 --> 00:21:07,040
Speaker 1: That's amazing that that he's allowed to live and that

372
00:21:07,200 --> 00:21:10,680
Speaker 1: he he doesn't get into any more trouble, lives a long,

373
00:21:10,680 --> 00:21:13,440
Speaker 1: happy life. Good for good for Lambert. Yeah, a little

374
00:21:13,520 --> 00:21:16,480
Speaker 1: Lambert is kind of the winner in this story, Ireland

375
00:21:16,840 --> 00:21:21,800
Speaker 1: is unfortunately not, and that's because Ireland's participation in the

376
00:21:21,920 --> 00:21:26,280
Speaker 1: rebellion left a really bad taste in Henry's mouth, especially

377
00:21:26,840 --> 00:21:29,520
Speaker 1: when just a few years later, the here's yet another

378
00:21:29,760 --> 00:21:34,520
Speaker 1: prince in the tower, poser pretender, who pops up Perkin Warbeck,

379
00:21:34,600 --> 00:21:38,639
Speaker 1: who's in Cork, and again he's championed by these Yorkists

380
00:21:38,640 --> 00:21:44,000
Speaker 1: in Ireland. And while this attempt or this rebellion doesn't

381
00:21:44,040 --> 00:21:46,520
Speaker 1: really come to battle like the other one did, it

382
00:21:46,600 --> 00:21:50,840
Speaker 1: really opposed a more serious threat than than Lambert's rebellion,

383
00:21:51,280 --> 00:21:54,320
Speaker 1: partly because Warbick's friends included people like James the fourth

384
00:21:54,359 --> 00:21:57,119
Speaker 1: of Scotland and the French King and the Habsburgs. He

385
00:21:57,200 --> 00:22:01,439
Speaker 1: had some real weight behind him. So after that Henry

386
00:22:01,480 --> 00:22:04,840
Speaker 1: the Seventh gets rid of killed are got a job back,

387
00:22:05,000 --> 00:22:08,240
Speaker 1: but ends up losing his job again. And he puts

388
00:22:08,280 --> 00:22:11,200
Speaker 1: an Englishman in the de facto position of power in Ireland,

389
00:22:11,200 --> 00:22:14,440
Speaker 1: and that is Sir Edward Pointings. While it has post

390
00:22:14,520 --> 00:22:18,360
Speaker 1: Pointing strips Ireland of all their independence, and he summons

391
00:22:18,359 --> 00:22:22,040
Speaker 1: an Irish Parliament at Dreda, making it past legislation that

392
00:22:22,119 --> 00:22:26,680
Speaker 1: all future decisions would need approval from English Privy Council. Yeah,

393
00:22:26,840 --> 00:22:29,560
Speaker 1: so a pretty bad deal for Ireland. It was called

394
00:22:29,600 --> 00:22:34,119
Speaker 1: Pointing Flaw and it wasn't repealed until seventeen eighty two.

395
00:22:34,160 --> 00:22:36,679
Speaker 1: It meant, of course that the Irish Parliament was no

396
00:22:36,800 --> 00:22:41,040
Speaker 1: longer independent. And of course, you know, I mean probably

397
00:22:41,119 --> 00:22:44,000
Speaker 1: most of you have have covered a little bit of

398
00:22:44,040 --> 00:22:47,800
Speaker 1: the Tutor Tutor Irish relations and we're not going to

399
00:22:47,920 --> 00:22:50,800
Speaker 1: get into all of that. But the English Reformation only

400
00:22:51,000 --> 00:22:53,560
Speaker 1: stirred up the violence, and Henry the fourth of course

401
00:22:53,600 --> 00:22:57,080
Speaker 1: abolished the monasteries and established the Church of Ireland. And

402
00:22:57,080 --> 00:22:59,800
Speaker 1: there were three Irish rebellions under Elizabeth the first. I

403
00:22:59,880 --> 00:23:03,240
Speaker 1: was actually originally thinking of doing a podcast on one

404
00:23:03,280 --> 00:23:07,280
Speaker 1: of those, but I couldn't pick between between the three,

405
00:23:07,320 --> 00:23:11,160
Speaker 1: and I thought it might be even a more tragic St.

406
00:23:11,160 --> 00:23:14,359
Speaker 1: Patrick's Day subject than than this one. This one, at

407
00:23:14,440 --> 00:23:17,439
Speaker 1: least this little Lambert Lambert, I guess could be the

408
00:23:17,520 --> 00:23:21,080
Speaker 1: uplifting part for this. Yeah, But I mean, ultimately, I

409
00:23:21,080 --> 00:23:25,640
Speaker 1: think this is a really interesting story because it's most

410
00:23:25,680 --> 00:23:29,520
Speaker 1: famous for wrapping up one era, the War the Roses,

411
00:23:29,600 --> 00:23:32,280
Speaker 1: and it it's the end of the York cause because

412
00:23:32,320 --> 00:23:35,760
Speaker 1: of course Henry the seventh once he starts having sons.

413
00:23:36,640 --> 00:23:39,600
Speaker 1: He's pretty much in trench. You know that the people

414
00:23:39,680 --> 00:23:42,880
Speaker 1: stopped really thinking so much about having yet another war

415
00:23:43,080 --> 00:23:46,720
Speaker 1: and a new king and and starting all over again. Um.

416
00:23:46,760 --> 00:23:50,480
Speaker 1: But while it was wrapping up that time period, it

417
00:23:50,480 --> 00:23:54,280
Speaker 1: it really started another one in Ireland. And I thought

418
00:23:54,320 --> 00:23:57,520
Speaker 1: that Dale Hope for the American Historical Review put it

419
00:23:57,560 --> 00:24:01,600
Speaker 1: really nicely. He wrote, quote, the issue at Stoke transcended

420
00:24:01,640 --> 00:24:04,560
Speaker 1: the fate of Lancaster and York? Was it not really

421
00:24:04,600 --> 00:24:08,480
Speaker 1: a question of the relation of Ireland to England? So

422
00:24:08,640 --> 00:24:11,520
Speaker 1: I mean, I think that's an interesting way to look

423
00:24:11,560 --> 00:24:15,320
Speaker 1: at it. Yeah, definitely sums up the significance of this moment,

424
00:24:15,840 --> 00:24:18,600
Speaker 1: so to speak, and opens up a whole other can

425
00:24:18,720 --> 00:24:22,399
Speaker 1: of worms that we can explore in future podcast too.

426
00:24:22,560 --> 00:24:25,640
Speaker 1: It does well. I guess that about wraps it up

427
00:24:25,680 --> 00:24:28,760
Speaker 1: for young Lambert Mill, but it does bring us to

428
00:24:28,920 --> 00:24:35,919
Speaker 1: listener mail. So this email is from Hannah and I

429
00:24:36,119 --> 00:24:37,960
Speaker 1: really like the subject line too. I'm going to go

430
00:24:38,040 --> 00:24:42,680
Speaker 1: ahead and read it. Y'all are mind readers all right? Um?

431
00:24:42,720 --> 00:24:45,199
Speaker 1: She wrote to us, I'm a high school senior and

432
00:24:45,240 --> 00:24:47,879
Speaker 1: a devoted listener to Steph you missed in history class,

433
00:24:48,160 --> 00:24:50,800
Speaker 1: which is coming handy. A number of times by filling

434
00:24:50,800 --> 00:24:53,800
Speaker 1: me in on stuff I actually did miss in history class.

435
00:24:54,119 --> 00:24:56,879
Speaker 1: In fact, for the past several months, almost every time

436
00:24:56,920 --> 00:24:59,800
Speaker 1: I have a test on something, a podcast has come

437
00:24:59,800 --> 00:25:03,280
Speaker 1: out on a related helpful subject. This has been especially

438
00:25:03,359 --> 00:25:07,360
Speaker 1: useful for ap art history. We learned about Rococo Art,

439
00:25:07,400 --> 00:25:09,920
Speaker 1: and what did I see on iTunes? A series about

440
00:25:09,920 --> 00:25:13,119
Speaker 1: the Bourbons who started Rococo Art. Now we're about to

441
00:25:13,119 --> 00:25:15,760
Speaker 1: take a unit test that includes the Baroque period, and

442
00:25:15,840 --> 00:25:19,160
Speaker 1: suddenly you send me a podcast about Caravaggio. I don't

443
00:25:19,160 --> 00:25:21,639
Speaker 1: know what this strange connection is, but I appreciate you

444
00:25:21,720 --> 00:25:23,920
Speaker 1: helping me out in class, and it would be really

445
00:25:23,920 --> 00:25:26,480
Speaker 1: great if we could keep up our awesome mind link

446
00:25:26,560 --> 00:25:29,960
Speaker 1: because I think it is significantly improving my grades. Hint.

447
00:25:30,320 --> 00:25:36,080
Speaker 1: Next unit is about Impressionism post Impressionism. So wow. I

448
00:25:36,119 --> 00:25:39,720
Speaker 1: have to say. I did totally almost do a podcast

449
00:25:39,920 --> 00:25:43,600
Speaker 1: or suggest a podcast on Dega when we were thinking

450
00:25:43,640 --> 00:25:46,680
Speaker 1: of New Orleans related stories, since he spent some time

451
00:25:46,680 --> 00:25:49,800
Speaker 1: in New Orleans. So maybe maybe we are my graders.

452
00:25:49,880 --> 00:25:52,040
Speaker 1: In fact, I hope it's not too late for you,

453
00:25:52,119 --> 00:25:56,600
Speaker 1: Hannah Um, but yeah, it's it's always great to hear

454
00:25:56,920 --> 00:26:00,240
Speaker 1: that we are helping somebody improve their grades. I mean,

455
00:26:00,280 --> 00:26:03,639
Speaker 1: come on, who doesn't like to hear something like that? Definitely? Now,

456
00:26:03,680 --> 00:26:05,360
Speaker 1: if only we could apply the mind reading to other

457
00:26:05,359 --> 00:26:08,520
Speaker 1: areas of our lives, Yeah, that would be helpful. It

458
00:26:08,520 --> 00:26:11,639
Speaker 1: would be So if you have any podcast subjects that

459
00:26:11,680 --> 00:26:15,840
Speaker 1: you think would help boost your grades, and unfortunately they're

460
00:26:15,880 --> 00:26:19,920
Speaker 1: probably gonna have to interest us to going to cover them, um,

461
00:26:20,119 --> 00:26:23,600
Speaker 1: still send them our way. We're at history podcast at

462
00:26:23,600 --> 00:26:26,000
Speaker 1: how stuff works dot com. You can also find us

463
00:26:26,000 --> 00:26:28,719
Speaker 1: on Facebook and you can find us on Twitter at

464
00:26:28,720 --> 00:26:31,399
Speaker 1: Misston History. And yeah, I guess I just want to

465
00:26:31,400 --> 00:26:34,840
Speaker 1: wish everyone a happy St. Patrick's Day. Have a great

466
00:26:34,880 --> 00:26:39,520
Speaker 1: time celebrating however however you do. And um, we also

467
00:26:39,600 --> 00:26:42,760
Speaker 1: have blogs at how stuff works dot com. And I

468
00:26:42,760 --> 00:26:45,840
Speaker 1: know last year Molly from stuff Mom Never Told You

469
00:26:45,880 --> 00:26:48,520
Speaker 1: wrote a post on how to catch a lepre con.

470
00:26:48,840 --> 00:26:53,320
Speaker 1: So that's really I'm sure the tips are still valid. Yeah,

471
00:26:53,480 --> 00:26:55,560
Speaker 1: if you can find it on the blogs, I know

472
00:26:55,640 --> 00:26:58,560
Speaker 1: it's still there. And uh do that by going over

473
00:26:58,640 --> 00:27:01,639
Speaker 1: to our home page at www dot how stuff works

474
00:27:01,720 --> 00:27:08,280
Speaker 1: dot com for more on this and thousands of other topics.

475
00:27:08,520 --> 00:27:10,560
Speaker 1: Is it how stuff works dot com. To learn more

476
00:27:10,600 --> 00:27:13,399
Speaker 1: about the podcast, click on the podcast icon in the

477
00:27:13,480 --> 00:27:16,520
Speaker 1: upper right corner of our homepage. The How Stuff Works

478
00:27:16,600 --> 00:27:19,800
Speaker 1: iPhone app has a rise. Download it today on iTunes