WEBVTT - SYSK Selects: Duels - A Guide to Throwing Down the Gauntlet 0:00:01.160 --> 0:00:04.240 Hey, everybody, chuck here with a little Saturday select for you. 0:00:04.720 --> 0:00:09.080 I challenge you to listen to this episode on Duels 0:00:09.480 --> 0:00:11.640 because the name is cool and the topic is school. 0:00:11.880 --> 0:00:14.720 It is Duels Colin A guide to throwing down the Gauntlet. 0:00:15.160 --> 0:00:18.160 Here's a little, uh spoiler for you. The gauntlet was 0:00:18.200 --> 0:00:20.680 a glove. It's for March two thousand twelve, and I 0:00:20.720 --> 0:00:27.320 hope you dig it. Welcome to Stuff You Should Know, 0:00:27.520 --> 0:00:35.880 a production of I Heart Radios How Stuff Works. Hey, 0:00:35.920 --> 0:00:38.559 and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark. With me. 0:00:38.600 --> 0:00:42.800 It's Charles W. Chuff Bryant and uh, you've got Stuff 0:00:42.840 --> 0:00:47.320 you Should Know on guard. Yeah, to see it means 0:00:47.320 --> 0:00:49.760 a touch in French. I thought this was one of 0:00:49.760 --> 0:00:52.040 the funniest openings of an article ever. By the way, 0:00:52.159 --> 0:00:54.240 did you like it? I thought that very first part 0:00:54.320 --> 0:00:56.440 was hysterical when I read it. Well, you know what, 0:00:56.640 --> 0:00:58.600 it just so happens. I don't have an intro for 0:00:58.680 --> 0:01:00.360 this one, so I think you might to read it. 0:01:00.360 --> 0:01:04.040 Should we just read it? Yeah? Ed Grabanowski never lets 0:01:04.080 --> 0:01:07.160 us down. No, he's good. The Grabster h this is 0:01:07.160 --> 0:01:11.480 how duels work. Ladies and gentlemen. Pistols at dawn the 0:01:11.600 --> 0:01:14.000 challenge is issued. To turn it down would leave you 0:01:14.040 --> 0:01:16.240 marked as a coward for life. You meet at the 0:01:16.319 --> 0:01:19.319 chosen spot, facing your opponent at a distance of twenty paces. 0:01:20.120 --> 0:01:22.800 Your dueling pistols are loaded, One or both of you 0:01:22.840 --> 0:01:25.839 could be severely wounded or killed. Today doctors are standing 0:01:25.840 --> 0:01:28.360 by them in the damage if possible, while your friends 0:01:28.400 --> 0:01:31.639 eye each other warily. Why is this all happening because 0:01:31.680 --> 0:01:35.240 you made fun of his hat? It's so good. It's 0:01:35.280 --> 0:01:37.479 about right too, if we find out and the rest 0:01:37.520 --> 0:01:39.880 of the article, Yeah, well done, grabster. It's not much 0:01:39.880 --> 0:01:44.160 of an exaggeration. Apparently, throughout the history of people or 0:01:44.200 --> 0:01:47.680 ever since, we've had swords at least um men have 0:01:47.800 --> 0:01:51.520 challenged other men to duels, and other people have died 0:01:51.560 --> 0:01:54.200 as the result. You know, I thought this is a 0:01:54.200 --> 0:01:56.960 great article. Um, I thought so too. This is definitely 0:01:56.960 --> 0:02:00.600 something I knew, like virtually nothing about. Yeah, surely, me too. 0:02:00.920 --> 0:02:04.160 But I did find out that things like uh, while 0:02:04.240 --> 0:02:10.119 West duels shootouts very very close to reality. Sure, they 0:02:10.200 --> 0:02:12.880 apparently happened to coincide at a time when dueling was 0:02:12.960 --> 0:02:15.360 very popular in America, and this kind of all it was. 0:02:15.400 --> 0:02:17.640 It was the Old West version of Pistols at Dawn 0:02:18.000 --> 0:02:21.680 and um as an aside, probably the best dueling movie 0:02:21.919 --> 0:02:24.680 of all time, The Quicken the Dead, The Quicken the Dead. 0:02:25.280 --> 0:02:28.440 It's exactly right. If you have not seen that, pause, 0:02:28.880 --> 0:02:31.840 pause this podcast, get off your treadmill, put your ice 0:02:31.880 --> 0:02:35.200 cream down, whatever you're doing, go watch The Quicken the Dead, 0:02:35.400 --> 0:02:38.000 and then come back and resume this podcast. Yeah. You know, 0:02:38.000 --> 0:02:40.200 what I always appreciate about that movie was that there 0:02:40.240 --> 0:02:45.399 were how many how many quick draws shootouts? Like, let's 0:02:45.400 --> 0:02:48.200 say they were ten in the movie. Each one of 0:02:48.240 --> 0:02:51.280 them was different. He filmed them different and had a 0:02:51.280 --> 0:02:54.120 different feel Like. I just thought that was so creative, 0:02:54.160 --> 0:02:56.040 like each one had its own little flavor. That's our 0:02:56.120 --> 0:02:59.440 Sam Raymie, he's so good man. I love that movie. Um, 0:02:59.480 --> 0:03:02.679 he's got new coming out, doesn't he? Mr Hollywood guy. 0:03:02.680 --> 0:03:06.000 Come on, he's got something coming He's not doing the 0:03:06.000 --> 0:03:09.560 New Spider Man. What's uh? I don't know. I think 0:03:09.560 --> 0:03:12.040 he might be working on another Evil Dead, like a 0:03:12.120 --> 0:03:15.600 modern remake the uptake, or he might just be producing that. 0:03:15.760 --> 0:03:18.359 If he does that, then'll be the second time he's 0:03:18.360 --> 0:03:20.760 remade the Evil Dead, because The Evil Dead two is 0:03:20.760 --> 0:03:24.360 a remake of the Evil Dead. Yeah, pretty much. Okay, alright, um, 0:03:24.440 --> 0:03:28.240 so chuck. A duel for anybody who doesn't know, is 0:03:28.280 --> 0:03:32.400 basically a one on one battle, as is evidenced by 0:03:32.480 --> 0:03:37.000 the etomology. And apparently we said entomology before. I don't 0:03:37.040 --> 0:03:39.040 know that. I don't like some eleven year old kid 0:03:39.040 --> 0:03:40.240 called us out on that. I think he might have 0:03:40.240 --> 0:03:43.520 misartus because I definitely hear the difference between etomology and entomology. 0:03:43.600 --> 0:03:47.640 Etomology etomology of the word duel is um, I think 0:03:47.760 --> 0:03:54.040 Latin right, duello, I'm sorry, dwell hum, which is a 0:03:54.080 --> 0:03:58.119 contraction of a duo two and bellum war obviously antebellum 0:03:58.360 --> 0:04:04.520 pre war. Oh I never realized that. Huh, okay, but 0:04:04.680 --> 0:04:07.840 duo too. It's basically a war between two individuals as 0:04:07.880 --> 0:04:11.720 a duel um, and it's been around for quite a 0:04:11.760 --> 0:04:14.600 long time. Um, I guess we should probably just get 0:04:14.600 --> 0:04:16.760 to the get to the meat of it first. Let's 0:04:16.800 --> 0:04:18.760 let's talk about duels and then we'll talk a little 0:04:18.760 --> 0:04:21.320 bit about the history. Yeah, let's just throw down the gauntlet. 0:04:21.480 --> 0:04:23.920 So somebody does throw down the gauntlet, and a gauntlet 0:04:24.000 --> 0:04:26.760 is a glove, and when you threw down a gauntlet 0:04:26.839 --> 0:04:29.320 at the feet of somebody that was at the height 0:04:29.320 --> 0:04:33.520 of dueling, um enough to issue a challenge, say, you 0:04:33.560 --> 0:04:35.880 and I are going to try to kill one another 0:04:36.080 --> 0:04:39.440 for a little bit, or not necessarily. We'll get to that. UM. 0:04:39.920 --> 0:04:42.520 When you went to a duel, you had a second 0:04:43.400 --> 0:04:46.960 which basically was the guy who came along a friend 0:04:47.000 --> 0:04:50.440 to trusted individual. Uh. It was it was like the 0:04:50.480 --> 0:04:53.400 best man at your death. He was there to like 0:04:53.520 --> 0:04:58.320 help you prepare your firearms or your sword. Um. He 0:04:58.480 --> 0:05:03.320 was there to basic we make sure you weren't ambushed. Um. 0:05:03.400 --> 0:05:07.640 He was supposedly a neutral third party, a second um. 0:05:07.880 --> 0:05:11.520 Supposedly uh and uh. Supposedly we would try to talk 0:05:11.920 --> 0:05:14.799 talk it down and diffuse it. That was the first 0:05:14.920 --> 0:05:17.200 role of the second. But I don't know how much 0:05:17.200 --> 0:05:19.640 I buy that. And Ed even points out like more 0:05:19.680 --> 0:05:22.720 times than not, the second would actually fight the other second, 0:05:23.360 --> 0:05:25.440 and sometimes there was third and force that would fight 0:05:25.480 --> 0:05:28.720 the other third and force. And that's I looked at 0:05:28.720 --> 0:05:32.400 this as it's the same as like a bar fight today. 0:05:33.000 --> 0:05:36.960 There's always usually like a friend nearby that's you know, 0:05:37.080 --> 0:05:39.320 he's got your back, but it's really between you and 0:05:39.320 --> 0:05:40.919 that jerk. But if things get out of hand, he 0:05:40.960 --> 0:05:43.040 like gets a beer bottle all of a sudden, then 0:05:43.080 --> 0:05:46.600 you get involved and his friend gets involved. So it's 0:05:46.680 --> 0:05:49.599 sort of like that, I think. Yeah, if he tries 0:05:49.640 --> 0:05:51.040 to get in the middle of the two things, he 0:05:51.120 --> 0:05:53.039 ends up like River Phoenix at the end of Stand 0:05:53.040 --> 0:05:54.599 By Me and takes a knife to the neck and 0:05:54.640 --> 0:05:58.039 dies in a bar. That was so sad, saddest ending 0:06:00.080 --> 0:06:03.200 a river Penix's character. Let's say, since he really died, 0:06:03.279 --> 0:06:05.000 then that's we should point that out. He had to 0:06:05.040 --> 0:06:09.039 say it ending in real life as well. Um, so, Chuck. 0:06:09.600 --> 0:06:13.400 When you declared duel, you could use any weapon, but 0:06:13.600 --> 0:06:16.000 for a very long time, basically all you had available 0:06:16.040 --> 0:06:19.160 to you was a heavy sword. Yes, and you had 0:06:19.160 --> 0:06:22.120 to use the same weapon, and depending on what code 0:06:22.640 --> 0:06:26.480 of dueling you were following, the challenger or challenge E 0:06:26.680 --> 0:06:30.960 would pick that weapon. Right. Um, and you mentioned dueling codes. 0:06:31.000 --> 0:06:33.760 There were several dueling codes, and the one that became 0:06:34.520 --> 0:06:38.039 the most widespread was the Dueling Code of seventeen seventy seven, 0:06:38.040 --> 0:06:43.000 the Irish Code um, which is cited extensively in this article. 0:06:43.040 --> 0:06:45.360 And I believe you're prepared to give everyone a treat 0:06:45.480 --> 0:06:49.080 and read some of the rules from the code. Yeah, 0:06:49.120 --> 0:06:53.760 the code Duello UH. It replaced UM the floss uh 0:06:54.000 --> 0:06:57.920 Duello Toorium, which was in the fourteen hundreds. The ill Duello. 0:06:58.640 --> 0:07:04.560 In the Germans had their own dueling code which UM. 0:07:04.560 --> 0:07:09.880 It was set by the fact Schuln dueling schools. Imagine 0:07:09.920 --> 0:07:12.679 there's was just because they were German. It was probably 0:07:12.680 --> 0:07:16.280 a little more hardcore, although everything was pretty hardcore back then. 0:07:16.720 --> 0:07:20.520 It was. But if you look at the dueling codes UM, 0:07:20.560 --> 0:07:24.120 a lot of the rules appear to be set up 0:07:24.200 --> 0:07:28.240 so that you don't kill the other person. The whole 0:07:28.280 --> 0:07:31.200 point of a duel is not to kill the other person. 0:07:31.280 --> 0:07:34.960 It's to regain honor. Dueling is the result of an insult. 0:07:35.320 --> 0:07:38.000 When somebody insults you and you challenge them to a duel, 0:07:38.320 --> 0:07:42.560 you were seeking to say, I'm going to get my 0:07:42.680 --> 0:07:46.360 satisfaction from you. Basically, you punked me out in public, 0:07:47.000 --> 0:07:49.200 and that can't happen, that's another way to put it, 0:07:49.240 --> 0:07:51.600 because I would be looked at as a coward, and 0:07:51.640 --> 0:07:54.200 that would be a knock on my family's and my 0:07:54.280 --> 0:07:57.960 ancestors honor. Even yeah, you had to protect the honor 0:07:58.000 --> 0:08:02.520 of your ancestors. Backwards and forwards in in space or 0:08:02.640 --> 0:08:06.120 time on either side of you. That's right, As I 0:08:06.160 --> 0:08:09.440 was saying, some of the uh, some of the rules 0:08:09.480 --> 0:08:13.280 are intended to prevent harm or injury, like you see 0:08:13.320 --> 0:08:16.240 people like facing away from each other and turning and firing. 0:08:16.760 --> 0:08:19.440 That was designed so that when you're using a clumsy 0:08:19.800 --> 0:08:24.720 seventeenth century firearm, the chances of you hitting anybody but 0:08:25.320 --> 0:08:29.360 a bystander way off in the distance is pretty low. Yeah. 0:08:29.440 --> 0:08:31.520 From what I gathered after reading a handful of these 0:08:31.600 --> 0:08:37.520 rules is that the Code Duello encouraged injury but not death. Yeah. 0:08:37.640 --> 0:08:42.640 What they didn't encourage was purposefully uh firing in the air, 0:08:42.960 --> 0:08:45.720 as sometimes happened when neither one of them really wanted 0:08:45.720 --> 0:08:48.280 to get hurt. They didn't really like that because that 0:08:48.320 --> 0:08:51.360 sort of takes all the the hutzpah out of the 0:08:51.440 --> 0:08:54.880 duel to begin with. You're very excited to read these rules, 0:08:54.920 --> 0:08:57.160 aren't you jumping ahead a little bit? No? No No, we're 0:08:57.160 --> 0:08:59.959 not there yet. Okay, Um, But one of the rules, 0:09:00.320 --> 0:09:02.800 uh was that the winner could pretty much do whatever 0:09:02.840 --> 0:09:05.280 they wanted it once you've won the duel. Let's say 0:09:05.280 --> 0:09:07.360 there's an injury. You could kill him if you wanted. 0:09:08.440 --> 0:09:10.840 You could just humiliate him if you wanted. You could 0:09:11.960 --> 0:09:13.960 be a good guy and say, you know what, my 0:09:14.040 --> 0:09:18.120 honor has been a squashed. It's great, so, uh, let 0:09:18.120 --> 0:09:21.520 me give you a hand up, little buddy. And you're 0:09:21.559 --> 0:09:23.520 a good person for doing that, I would say, So 0:09:24.080 --> 0:09:26.560 I could see you totally doing that, Chuck, That wouldn't 0:09:26.600 --> 0:09:28.320 I would have been that. There's no way I would 0:09:28.320 --> 0:09:31.360 have been dueling to begin with you. You could also 0:09:31.440 --> 0:09:34.120 cut the other person's head off after finishing him off, 0:09:34.240 --> 0:09:36.400 or maybe finish them off by cutting his head off 0:09:36.440 --> 0:09:39.800 and then posting it in a public place, right um. 0:09:39.880 --> 0:09:42.920 I said also that the Irish code is very widespread, 0:09:43.040 --> 0:09:45.920 so much so that this, to me is one of 0:09:45.960 --> 0:09:49.480 the facts of the podcast. It was reprinted in full 0:09:49.679 --> 0:09:52.800 as part of the Midshipman's Handbook of the U. S. 0:09:52.920 --> 0:09:57.240 Navy up until eighteen sixty two, when the Navy outlawed 0:09:57.320 --> 0:10:01.040 or band dueling among officers. But up until that time, 0:10:01.080 --> 0:10:03.360 it was like, Hey, you're probably gonna get in a 0:10:03.440 --> 0:10:05.079 duel at some point in time, and here's what the 0:10:05.160 --> 0:10:08.120 Navy says about that. And what the Navy says is 0:10:08.120 --> 0:10:11.800 what the Irish say. Women typically did not duel and 0:10:11.840 --> 0:10:14.560 when they did, uh, it says in the article here 0:10:14.559 --> 0:10:17.320 it was viewed on as an oddity and a strange, 0:10:17.559 --> 0:10:21.920 amusing spectacle, which like foxy boxing is today, well or 0:10:21.920 --> 0:10:24.760 the it's kind of like the first catfights. Yeah, is 0:10:24.800 --> 0:10:28.280 that sexist totally? But I mean that's what they That's 0:10:28.280 --> 0:10:32.120 apparently what they. They viewed duels among women as it 0:10:32.200 --> 0:10:35.000 was an amusement for men because women are just so stupid. 0:10:35.040 --> 0:10:38.960 But that that right, except except if you were dumb 0:10:39.080 --> 0:10:42.480 enough to make, uh that kind of judgment about Lamo 0:10:42.559 --> 0:10:45.440 pen Yeah, you probably would have had your head cut 0:10:45.440 --> 0:10:49.920 clean off your body. She was a genuine dueler swordswoman, 0:10:50.520 --> 0:10:53.240 and depending on who you talked to, it's either her 0:10:53.240 --> 0:10:56.080 father who trained her, or a lover who was a 0:10:56.080 --> 0:11:00.199 great fencer. And uh, however, I think she like the 0:11:00.280 --> 0:11:03.640 ladies as well, because later in her life, after performing 0:11:03.679 --> 0:11:07.600 in bars and dressed as a man, but not to 0:11:07.840 --> 0:11:09.400 like say hey I am a man. I think it 0:11:09.440 --> 0:11:11.200 was just like, hey, I'm more comfortable in these clothes. 0:11:11.240 --> 0:11:14.480 It's easier to move in these clothes exactly. Um, she 0:11:15.880 --> 0:11:18.720 uh dug up the corpse of a dead nun right 0:11:18.920 --> 0:11:21.200 put in the dorm room, set that room on fire 0:11:21.360 --> 0:11:24.040 to fake her own death so she could escape the 0:11:24.080 --> 0:11:28.400 convent with her female lover, Llamo pen So she was 0:11:28.559 --> 0:11:31.080 a pretty uh progressive rock and chick back then. Yeah, 0:11:31.080 --> 0:11:34.240 she was pretty cool. Um and that was after she 0:11:34.600 --> 0:11:39.480 retired from the opera Early Sea. Yeah, so she she 0:11:39.559 --> 0:11:42.920 was pretty cool. No Foxy boxing there, No, I don't 0:11:42.920 --> 0:11:44.360 even know what that is. I haven't seen that. It's 0:11:44.360 --> 0:11:47.880 exactly what it sounds like. Yeah, it was kind of 0:11:47.920 --> 0:11:50.960 big in the I think the eighties maybe the seventies 0:11:51.800 --> 0:11:55.600 of like just women like boxing one another but not 0:11:56.240 --> 0:12:00.320 really and then like it's it's incredibly sexist. There were 0:12:00.320 --> 0:12:02.960 a lot of fights at my school, my high school. 0:12:03.160 --> 0:12:04.559 I mean not like a lot, like it was a 0:12:04.640 --> 0:12:07.480 rougher school, but it always struck me even as a 0:12:07.520 --> 0:12:09.600 youngster that like, when guys would get in a fight, 0:12:10.160 --> 0:12:13.160 it was always horrific, and then when girls would get 0:12:13.160 --> 0:12:15.400 in a fight, the dudes would be sitting around laughing 0:12:15.440 --> 0:12:17.920 at it. I saw a girl fight in high school 0:12:17.960 --> 0:12:20.560 once that was really disturbing. It was more disturbing than 0:12:20.600 --> 0:12:23.720 any guy fight I've ever seen, because girls fight dirty. Yeah, 0:12:23.880 --> 0:12:25.880 both of these girls were fighting very dirty. It was 0:12:25.920 --> 0:12:29.040 really horrible. One of the I think like the assistant 0:12:29.080 --> 0:12:31.680 principal jumped in and got like smacked around and ended 0:12:31.720 --> 0:12:34.880 up backing off. Yeah, it was a bad fight. So 0:12:34.960 --> 0:12:37.040 there was nothing funny about that one. No, not at all. 0:12:37.600 --> 0:12:40.360 I mean, really, is there anything funny about anybody fighting? No, 0:12:40.520 --> 0:12:45.720 I don't think so, unless it's, like, I don't know, clowns. Yeah, 0:12:45.720 --> 0:12:48.720 clowns fighting, Yeah, that'd be funny. Clown fight. That's hilarious 0:12:49.360 --> 0:12:53.559 unless one of them dies, that's right. Uh chuck. So 0:12:53.600 --> 0:12:56.800 we mentioned that seconds are in charge of issuing apologies. Yeah, 0:12:57.000 --> 0:13:01.400 and you can't just go over and say, um, hey man, guys, sorry, 0:13:01.559 --> 0:13:04.480 he'll never do it again. Can he have his gauntlet back? 0:13:05.280 --> 0:13:09.280 That just doesn't work. There's standards, there's rules to issuing 0:13:09.320 --> 0:13:13.920 an apology, and as I understand, you're prepared to explain 0:13:14.440 --> 0:13:17.320 the rule from the Code Duello for issuing apology. I 0:13:17.360 --> 0:13:20.600 think even its rule number one, very first rule, as 0:13:20.600 --> 0:13:24.040 it should be. Let's hear, the first offense requires the 0:13:24.080 --> 0:13:27.960 first apology, though the retort may have been more offensive 0:13:28.000 --> 0:13:33.199 than the insult. Example, A tells B he is impertinent, 0:13:33.480 --> 0:13:38.360 ETCETERA B retorts that he lies. Yet A must make 0:13:38.400 --> 0:13:42.160 the first apology because he gave the first offense. And 0:13:42.200 --> 0:13:46.320 then after one fire b may explain away the retort 0:13:46.600 --> 0:13:50.160 by a subsequent apology. Very nice, thank you, thank you 0:13:50.280 --> 0:13:53.960 very much. Um. So, basically, no matter how bad the 0:13:54.040 --> 0:13:57.960 retort is from the first insult, Yes, whoever insults the 0:13:58.000 --> 0:14:00.560 other person first has to apologize first, right, then they 0:14:00.559 --> 0:14:06.120 shoot it one another and then the second person can apologize. UM. 0:14:06.240 --> 0:14:09.520 You also have rules to whether or not or how 0:14:09.760 --> 0:14:12.440 a um an apology can be accepted, or if an 0:14:12.480 --> 0:14:16.080 apology a verbal one is even worth anything at all? 0:14:16.200 --> 0:14:19.120 What situation that is it? Won't you? I point you 0:14:19.160 --> 0:14:22.760 to rule number five josh as a blow is strictly 0:14:22.880 --> 0:14:28.240 prohibited under any circumstances among gentlemen. So no hitting evidently, 0:14:28.440 --> 0:14:31.600 yeah no, or if you do, that's it. Yeah, there's 0:14:31.640 --> 0:14:35.000 no going back, No vertebal apology can be received for 0:14:35.080 --> 0:14:40.160 such an insult. The alternatives therefore, the offender handing a 0:14:40.240 --> 0:14:42.280 cane to the injured party to be used on his 0:14:42.360 --> 0:14:46.040 own back at the shame time, begging pardon and fightering 0:14:46.040 --> 0:14:49.240 on until one or both are disabled, or exchanging three 0:14:49.280 --> 0:14:53.440 shots and then asking pardon without profit of the cane. So, 0:14:53.520 --> 0:14:58.200 if you wanted apology after smacking someone in the face, um, 0:14:58.240 --> 0:15:00.320 but you didn't want the cane. You us had to 0:15:00.360 --> 0:15:03.480 shoot at each other three times, or I imagine maybe 0:15:03.720 --> 0:15:07.800 deal three blows with a sword. Right, But by this 0:15:07.880 --> 0:15:10.800 time seventeen seventy seven, firearms were all the rage for dueling, 0:15:11.280 --> 0:15:14.240 which we'll get to, um, So you've got to duel. 0:15:14.320 --> 0:15:18.000 All the apologies have been either not offered or rejected, 0:15:18.680 --> 0:15:23.360 and it's time for the duel. It's uh, there's certain etiquette, right. 0:15:24.720 --> 0:15:30.240 You mentioned, um that there's rules against not really doing 0:15:30.280 --> 0:15:33.000 this wholeheartedly, Like, if you're going to get into a duel, 0:15:33.080 --> 0:15:35.560 you have to do it wholeheartedly as as far as 0:15:35.640 --> 0:15:40.400 the Code duello um is concerned. But this is also 0:15:40.520 --> 0:15:43.560 one of the more frequently broken rules because most people 0:15:43.560 --> 0:15:45.640 who were in duels didn't really want to die, and 0:15:45.680 --> 0:15:47.640 they probably didn't want to kill the other person either, 0:15:47.880 --> 0:15:50.680 because I imagine when you're in a duel with somebody 0:15:50.920 --> 0:15:53.520 and that's your reality at that moment, and it's not 0:15:53.560 --> 0:15:56.120 just some guys and powdered wigs out, you know, in 0:15:56.200 --> 0:15:59.120 an apple tree, and it's avoid engraving or wood carving, 0:15:59.600 --> 0:16:02.760 but it's really what's going on in your world. Right then, Yeah, 0:16:02.840 --> 0:16:07.560 I'm sure you are acutely interested in not killing and 0:16:07.600 --> 0:16:10.400 not dying at that moment. Yeah, I would have applied 0:16:10.440 --> 0:16:12.400 them with alcohol. I would have been the guy being like, 0:16:12.440 --> 0:16:14.360 come on, man, you would have made a great second, 0:16:14.480 --> 0:16:17.240 like can we just have this ale here and talk 0:16:17.320 --> 0:16:20.480 it over and laugh about it? Right, it's funny, right, 0:16:21.440 --> 0:16:25.440 But they took it way more serious than So. There's 0:16:25.480 --> 0:16:27.840 this rule that says, man, if you're going to get 0:16:27.840 --> 0:16:30.160 in a duel, you have to do it all the way. 0:16:30.200 --> 0:16:34.280 It's called Rule thirteen. No dumb shooting or fighting in 0:16:34.320 --> 0:16:40.480 the air is admisionable. In any case, the challenger ought 0:16:40.520 --> 0:16:43.920 not to have challenge without receiving offense, and the challenged ought, 0:16:44.080 --> 0:16:47.720 if he gave offense, to have made an apology before 0:16:47.720 --> 0:16:51.120 he came on the ground. Therefore, children's play must be 0:16:51.200 --> 0:16:54.560 dishonorable on one side of the other end is accordingly prohibited. 0:16:54.920 --> 0:16:58.280 Very nice. Um, so you've got all these we need 0:16:58.320 --> 0:17:01.400 strickling Huh No, No, I think that's great. Okay. Um, 0:17:01.560 --> 0:17:05.879 so you you've got this rule that says you you 0:17:06.000 --> 0:17:08.479 do this all the way. But that's not necessarily how 0:17:08.520 --> 0:17:11.800 a lot of duels worked. Um, guys would agree ahead 0:17:11.800 --> 0:17:14.040 of time, like, hey, we're actually gonna do the duel 0:17:14.080 --> 0:17:16.600 but we'll both shoot into the air, um like you 0:17:16.600 --> 0:17:19.320 don't want to die, which, which, by the way, is 0:17:19.400 --> 0:17:22.840 what happened, is how Alexander Hamilton died at the hands 0:17:22.840 --> 0:17:25.800 of the treacherous Aaron Burr. Let's go ahead and talk 0:17:25.800 --> 0:17:28.600 about it. Well, they were political rivals. They were both 0:17:28.720 --> 0:17:31.760 um they were in a law firm together, and that's 0:17:31.800 --> 0:17:34.440 where they first learned to hate one another. And then 0:17:34.480 --> 0:17:36.680 they were in a very small country at the time. 0:17:37.040 --> 0:17:39.600 They were very big fish in the same small pond 0:17:40.359 --> 0:17:43.720 um and things got out of hand. And I can't 0:17:43.720 --> 0:17:47.040 remember who challenged to do a duel, do you. Uh? Yes. 0:17:47.280 --> 0:17:50.000 It was a series of insults. And this was at 0:17:50.000 --> 0:17:56.280 a time where the losing presidential candidate would become vice president. Yeah, yeah, 0:17:56.280 --> 0:17:58.919 which could you imagine that these days? Yeah, they'd be 0:17:58.920 --> 0:18:01.520 pretty awesome kind of. I think it'd be nice. It would. 0:18:01.640 --> 0:18:04.639 It would temper things, well, it would. I guess it 0:18:04.680 --> 0:18:07.120 was for balance of power. I don't know if it would. 0:18:07.359 --> 0:18:10.480 It was a consolation price, that's true. Uh. So they 0:18:10.760 --> 0:18:12.840 disliked each other. There were a bunch of insults, and 0:18:12.880 --> 0:18:18.800 Burr challenged Hamilton's and Weehawken, New Jersey, and uh, there 0:18:18.800 --> 0:18:22.040 are varying accounts um on what happened, But what we 0:18:22.119 --> 0:18:25.800 do know that happened, Hamilton's got shot, bird didn't. Whether 0:18:25.920 --> 0:18:27.760 or not Hamilton's fired in the air is a good guy, 0:18:27.920 --> 0:18:30.200 That's what I heard, or got hit and was like 0:18:30.840 --> 0:18:34.119 and fired up in the air never is debatable. Alexander 0:18:34.200 --> 0:18:37.560 Hamilton was a crack shot, had great timing, he had 0:18:37.640 --> 0:18:41.920 catlike reflexes. Aaron Burr shot Hamilton's Hamilton's fired into the air. 0:18:42.680 --> 0:18:45.520 Aaron Burr was actually, uh, I think arrested for murder, 0:18:45.680 --> 0:18:49.160 wasn't he? He was charged with murder and basically acquitted 0:18:49.240 --> 0:18:52.760 in the end. But um, this is a time when 0:18:52.800 --> 0:18:54.280 it was like kind of on the outs. They were 0:18:54.320 --> 0:18:57.440 beginning to outlaw dueling anyway, and it ruined his career, 0:18:57.560 --> 0:19:00.440 basically ruined his political career. From that point, people are like, 0:19:00.960 --> 0:19:04.399 who's on the twenty And by twenty, of course, I 0:19:04.480 --> 0:19:06.560 mean who's on the tin? Yeah, the ten dollar Bill 0:19:06.680 --> 0:19:10.040 Jackson's on the twenty. Alexander Hamilton's on the time. Stop emailing. 0:19:10.160 --> 0:19:12.040 You've got nothing but twenties O in your role so 0:19:12.280 --> 0:19:13.800 that I can't even tell you who's on the time. 0:19:14.160 --> 0:19:17.800 And did they even make dollar bills. Um, So, Chuck, 0:19:17.880 --> 0:19:20.399 let's get two seconds, which again I want to say that, 0:19:20.640 --> 0:19:24.520 um oh, before I got ahead of ourselves. I'm sorry. Um. Also, 0:19:24.880 --> 0:19:27.399 you should never duel at night. The only time when 0:19:27.440 --> 0:19:30.000 you can legitimately hold a duel at night, meaning that 0:19:30.240 --> 0:19:33.479 the same night of the offense. Um, it was when 0:19:33.520 --> 0:19:37.080 the person was going to be leaving town before daybreak. 0:19:37.280 --> 0:19:39.159 No need to even read that one. That speaks for itself, 0:19:39.280 --> 0:19:42.040 and that makes good sense. Basically, they're cooler. Heads prevailed 0:19:42.040 --> 0:19:46.160 generally the next day, h which is a great rule 0:19:46.359 --> 0:19:49.399 in marriage in life. I'm always a big fan of 0:19:49.640 --> 0:19:51.160 sleep on it. Why don't we sleep on it? Yep, 0:19:51.440 --> 0:19:55.200 you're absolutely right. But and but sometimes the wife will 0:19:55.200 --> 0:19:58.080 still wake up just as angry the next day. It happens, 0:19:58.240 --> 0:20:00.399 But most times the worst is wake up in the 0:20:00.440 --> 0:20:05.200 middle of the night angry. Yeah, that's pretty bad when 0:20:05.240 --> 0:20:30.879 the rage of seething chucks sk So, Chuck, do you 0:20:30.920 --> 0:20:34.959 want to talk about seconds? Yes? Uh? Seconds Uh. They 0:20:35.040 --> 0:20:37.960 had very specific rules for the role of the second Um. 0:20:38.119 --> 0:20:40.520 They had to take care of the guns in the 0:20:40.560 --> 0:20:42.679 same way and load in the presence of one another. 0:20:42.960 --> 0:20:44.959 I can't shake the feeling that we're both in trouble. 0:20:45.080 --> 0:20:49.880 I know, Um, they would have to uh, Like I said, 0:20:49.920 --> 0:20:51.719 load the guns together and in front of each other, 0:20:52.359 --> 0:20:55.800 and the gun was already agreed upon. Um, they have 0:20:55.840 --> 0:20:58.600 a smooth a smooth boar. Yeah, and I think the 0:20:58.760 --> 0:21:01.920 rifle boar would would be a more accurate, longer distance shot. 0:21:02.000 --> 0:21:03.680 So they said, we can't use up. Yeah, it's like 0:21:03.760 --> 0:21:06.480 shot putting a football or throwing it in a tight spiral, 0:21:06.920 --> 0:21:10.240 which one is going to get further with more accuracy. Exactly. 0:21:10.400 --> 0:21:13.280 That makes sense. But yeah, so you want to load 0:21:13.359 --> 0:21:15.840 in the presence of one another, yeah, saying look, see 0:21:15.920 --> 0:21:18.879 the boar smooth, and we're doing it right here so 0:21:19.040 --> 0:21:22.240 everyone can see it. Their sports. Everyone pay attention. And 0:21:22.520 --> 0:21:26.200 we also mentioned how they are bound to offer or 0:21:26.359 --> 0:21:31.400 to try to get an apology generated to avoid a duel. 0:21:31.400 --> 0:21:34.280 They're supposed to according to the code. Uh. And then 0:21:34.400 --> 0:21:37.440 rule twenty five if if they can't come to any 0:21:37.520 --> 0:21:41.480 kind of resolution and the seconds clearly are eyeball on 0:21:41.560 --> 0:21:44.480 one another, like oh dude, you're going down to it's 0:21:44.520 --> 0:21:47.080 on between us. They had rules for that as well, 0:21:47.400 --> 0:21:53.240 like rule where seconds disagree and resolved to exchange shots themselves. 0:21:53.960 --> 0:21:56.080 It must be at the shame time and at right 0:21:56.160 --> 0:21:59.439 angles with their principles. I don't get the right angles thing. 0:21:59.480 --> 0:22:05.240 How is that physically possible? I don't know. I took 0:22:05.320 --> 0:22:08.879 that to mean they shoot from the same angle. That 0:22:08.960 --> 0:22:12.040 would be parallel, not right angle. Well, I don't think 0:22:12.080 --> 0:22:14.480 it meant right angle in the geometric sense. I think 0:22:14.520 --> 0:22:17.879 it meant the correct angle, as in the same angle. 0:22:18.280 --> 0:22:21.399 Maybe I'm wrong. Do you think it meant like geometry? 0:22:22.040 --> 0:22:24.720 I think the authors had put in a full day 0:22:24.760 --> 0:22:26.400 by the time they got to this rule. Or maybe 0:22:26.440 --> 0:22:28.680 at right angles it meant if these two are shooting here, 0:22:28.880 --> 0:22:31.440 then they have to shoot there, so they don't there's 0:22:31.480 --> 0:22:36.600 no crossfire coming at them. Okay, yeah, so they make 0:22:36.640 --> 0:22:39.359 a square. I don't know. We'll have to look into that. 0:22:40.200 --> 0:22:42.320 Um And then how do you know when a duels over, 0:22:42.520 --> 0:22:46.320 especially when it doesn't necessarily result in the decapitation of 0:22:46.400 --> 0:22:48.440