1 00:00:08,440 --> 00:00:10,640 Speaker 1: Fellow and welcome to favor production of I Heart Radio. 2 00:00:10,720 --> 00:00:13,360 Speaker 1: I'm Annie Reese and I'm Lauren Vogelbaum. And today we 3 00:00:13,440 --> 00:00:17,840 Speaker 1: have a classic episode for you about soft drinks, yes, 4 00:00:18,000 --> 00:00:19,800 Speaker 1: which I feel like it's a topic that has come 5 00:00:19,880 --> 00:00:23,000 Speaker 1: up a lot where we're always like, remember that episode 6 00:00:23,040 --> 00:00:26,200 Speaker 1: we did on soft drinks. Yeah, here we are bringing 7 00:00:26,200 --> 00:00:29,880 Speaker 1: it back. It was a very thorough one. UM. It 8 00:00:29,920 --> 00:00:34,280 Speaker 1: was originally published in December of ten, UM called a 9 00:00:34,360 --> 00:00:43,960 Speaker 1: Hard Look at Soft Drinks Genius genius. Uh. And yeah, 10 00:00:44,440 --> 00:00:48,400 Speaker 1: brief update for you, I suppose UM from the past 11 00:00:48,479 --> 00:00:52,640 Speaker 1: few years. So, soda sales had been on a decline 12 00:00:53,040 --> 00:00:57,960 Speaker 1: for fifteen years as of UM as of just last year. 13 00:00:58,080 --> 00:01:01,800 Speaker 1: But as with many things, COVID just borked that up 14 00:01:02,120 --> 00:01:06,920 Speaker 1: in really strange ways. Sales of SODA's increased very steeply 15 00:01:07,040 --> 00:01:11,280 Speaker 1: during early shutdown as people stockpiled groceries UM, and then 16 00:01:11,720 --> 00:01:15,240 Speaker 1: continued at a more modest uptick UM as people opted 17 00:01:15,240 --> 00:01:21,720 Speaker 1: for comfort foods during shutdown. That makes sense. You know, 18 00:01:21,760 --> 00:01:26,920 Speaker 1: I've got my strong opinions about soft drinks. Uh. Well, 19 00:01:26,959 --> 00:01:33,040 Speaker 1: she'll hear some very strong yes. Yes. So it feels 20 00:01:33,640 --> 00:01:37,560 Speaker 1: kind of odd to me, but I I get and 21 00:01:37,600 --> 00:01:40,920 Speaker 1: like I said, I do miss that first I've said 22 00:01:40,920 --> 00:01:42,600 Speaker 1: it many times. I missed that first sip of Coca 23 00:01:42,680 --> 00:01:49,680 Speaker 1: Cola so good, biting, yeah, beautiful. I saw some controversy 24 00:01:49,800 --> 00:01:54,640 Speaker 1: that Coca Cola was changing their recipe. People are already 25 00:01:54,680 --> 00:01:58,320 Speaker 1: mad about it, Like if it showed up on my 26 00:01:58,480 --> 00:02:01,120 Speaker 1: like radar and I wasn't looking, or yeah, that's an 27 00:02:01,120 --> 00:02:04,560 Speaker 1: indicator that is, I haven't heard about that. I'm curious now. 28 00:02:05,080 --> 00:02:09,160 Speaker 1: I have such low stakes in this, but like I 29 00:02:09,240 --> 00:02:11,960 Speaker 1: want but like I said in the recent Listener Maile episode, 30 00:02:11,960 --> 00:02:14,840 Speaker 1: I'm still like, you can't do that Coca Cola and 31 00:02:14,880 --> 00:02:21,840 Speaker 1: I don't drink it. Yeah, huh. Well. In in in 32 00:02:21,960 --> 00:02:26,799 Speaker 1: other news, I guess UM expanded low sugar or no 33 00:02:26,919 --> 00:02:30,360 Speaker 1: sugar options UM within the soda market are expected to 34 00:02:30,360 --> 00:02:33,920 Speaker 1: create growth over the next decade or so. UM. I 35 00:02:33,960 --> 00:02:38,000 Speaker 1: know that personally, I've been drinking a lot more flavored 36 00:02:38,040 --> 00:02:44,760 Speaker 1: Seltzer's UM or flavored carbonated waters than I ever did before. 37 00:02:44,800 --> 00:02:47,840 Speaker 1: There are many options on the market. UM. We did 38 00:02:47,880 --> 00:02:51,360 Speaker 1: have that sponsorship one time with I Drink Mate Yes, 39 00:02:51,960 --> 00:02:56,239 Speaker 1: which is one of those one of those home carbonation companies. UM. 40 00:02:56,280 --> 00:02:59,040 Speaker 1: I don't think that those ads are running any longer. Um, 41 00:02:59,120 --> 00:03:02,320 Speaker 1: But I will say they and us one of the units, 42 00:03:02,400 --> 00:03:06,280 Speaker 1: and it works so well. It works so much better 43 00:03:06,639 --> 00:03:11,000 Speaker 1: than competitors. I genuinely recommend if you like soda water 44 00:03:11,040 --> 00:03:14,399 Speaker 1: as much as I do, checking out that product. It's 45 00:03:14,440 --> 00:03:18,080 Speaker 1: just it's it's a very well thought out product. Yeah. 46 00:03:18,160 --> 00:03:20,840 Speaker 1: I used it every day, and it's I love the experimentation, 47 00:03:21,360 --> 00:03:26,360 Speaker 1: like yeah, can't let yeah, because it's got this like 48 00:03:26,440 --> 00:03:29,440 Speaker 1: specially designed lead things so you can put anything in 49 00:03:29,480 --> 00:03:36,920 Speaker 1: there and try to carbonate. It has been some wild 50 00:03:37,000 --> 00:03:43,280 Speaker 1: experiments at my home. Um so far, no disasters so far. Yeah, 51 00:03:43,520 --> 00:03:47,920 Speaker 1: one one concerned me for a bit, but um, yeah, 52 00:03:48,120 --> 00:03:52,760 Speaker 1: I will say I recently got to visit a friend, 53 00:03:53,320 --> 00:03:56,160 Speaker 1: uh and we did. We watched a Black Widow together 54 00:03:56,160 --> 00:04:00,480 Speaker 1: and it was great. And he had stuck with him 55 00:04:00,520 --> 00:04:05,080 Speaker 1: a particular local brand of um sparkling water that we 56 00:04:05,160 --> 00:04:06,440 Speaker 1: used to have at our office all the time. And 57 00:04:06,480 --> 00:04:11,080 Speaker 1: I would justins, Yeah, if y'all can get ahold of 58 00:04:11,080 --> 00:04:13,320 Speaker 1: that that that is also also not a sponsor, also 59 00:04:13,400 --> 00:04:16,880 Speaker 1: just a great heck and brand. Yeah. And I took 60 00:04:16,920 --> 00:04:19,559 Speaker 1: a sip of it and I was like transported back 61 00:04:21,120 --> 00:04:23,680 Speaker 1: hanging out in the office because it's just so associated 62 00:04:23,680 --> 00:04:27,119 Speaker 1: with me. That's where I would get it. Um. Yeah, 63 00:04:27,440 --> 00:04:29,880 Speaker 1: so I get yeah, you totally can see people having 64 00:04:29,920 --> 00:04:35,480 Speaker 1: like these memories and comforts with soda, water, carbonated Um 65 00:04:35,760 --> 00:04:39,960 Speaker 1: um well uh yeah, this this is a this is 66 00:04:39,960 --> 00:04:43,200 Speaker 1: a beast of an episode. So I suppose with with 67 00:04:43,279 --> 00:04:46,080 Speaker 1: no further ado, we will let former Annie and Lauren 68 00:04:46,400 --> 00:04:59,720 Speaker 1: take it away. Hello, and welcome to food stuff. I'm 69 00:04:59,800 --> 00:05:04,120 Speaker 1: Laura Vocaba and I'm any Reese, and today we're talking 70 00:05:04,160 --> 00:05:09,320 Speaker 1: about soda or is it pop or soda pop or 71 00:05:09,480 --> 00:05:14,440 Speaker 1: coke or a soft drink or tonic. I don't know. 72 00:05:15,120 --> 00:05:18,440 Speaker 1: It's carbonated water. Yeah, it's pretty much all of the above. 73 00:05:18,480 --> 00:05:24,839 Speaker 1: I suppose it encompasses non alcoholic, usually carbonated, usually artificially, 74 00:05:24,880 --> 00:05:29,239 Speaker 1: are naturally flavored beverages. Another thing that most soda contains 75 00:05:29,320 --> 00:05:33,080 Speaker 1: is edible acids, as opposed to in edible acids, which 76 00:05:33,240 --> 00:05:35,800 Speaker 1: it's good that they don't contain. Yes, very good. The 77 00:05:35,920 --> 00:05:39,880 Speaker 1: name or names were to differentiate soda from juice and 78 00:05:40,000 --> 00:05:44,279 Speaker 1: also from alcohol. There are so many types of soda 79 00:05:44,279 --> 00:05:47,960 Speaker 1: around the world made the soybean, care of cane, juice, 80 00:05:47,960 --> 00:05:53,120 Speaker 1: buffalo cheese based way Mate, send in your favorite listener 81 00:05:53,160 --> 00:05:56,279 Speaker 1: to send us, your all of your soda, your pop, 82 00:05:56,480 --> 00:06:02,839 Speaker 1: your statue of ready joke. Oh boy, oh my goodness. 83 00:06:03,400 --> 00:06:08,640 Speaker 1: But wait, well, what what's carbonation? Uh? The simple answer 84 00:06:08,880 --> 00:06:12,919 Speaker 1: is that it's carbon dioxide kept dissolved in water. But 85 00:06:13,520 --> 00:06:17,960 Speaker 1: there are some scare quotes around simple. That's because carbon 86 00:06:18,000 --> 00:06:22,359 Speaker 1: dioxide has basically no interest whatsoever in getting itself permanently 87 00:06:22,360 --> 00:06:25,360 Speaker 1: mixed up with water. Like little bits of carbon dioxide 88 00:06:25,360 --> 00:06:28,120 Speaker 1: will dissolve into water, but the water molecules can't hold 89 00:06:28,200 --> 00:06:30,880 Speaker 1: onto it. Most of the gas just floats on top 90 00:06:30,920 --> 00:06:33,880 Speaker 1: of the liquid. To convince it to stay put, you 91 00:06:33,920 --> 00:06:37,480 Speaker 1: have to apply pressure, not like a deadline or something, 92 00:06:37,520 --> 00:06:42,719 Speaker 1: a physical pressure. This big squeeze forms sort of cages 93 00:06:42,800 --> 00:06:46,880 Speaker 1: of water molecules around carbon dioxide molecules, holding them in place. 94 00:06:47,880 --> 00:06:51,240 Speaker 1: It helps a lot if you do so. Cold temperatures, 95 00:06:51,240 --> 00:06:54,760 Speaker 1: where all the molecules involved are less active and more 96 00:06:54,800 --> 00:06:57,080 Speaker 1: willing to pack it in. Think of it like a 97 00:06:57,120 --> 00:07:00,200 Speaker 1: busy elevator. Okay, if the A C is out, you 98 00:07:00,279 --> 00:07:02,680 Speaker 1: might be less willing to crunch a whole lot of 99 00:07:02,720 --> 00:07:07,840 Speaker 1: people in there. As temperature increases, pressure also increases. If 100 00:07:07,839 --> 00:07:11,240 Speaker 1: you dissolve carbon dioxide and water it cold temperatures you 101 00:07:11,320 --> 00:07:14,720 Speaker 1: need less pressure to do so. M hmm. If you've 102 00:07:14,720 --> 00:07:17,040 Speaker 1: done all of this right, your carbonated water will contain 103 00:07:17,040 --> 00:07:21,120 Speaker 1: about five times as much carbon dioxide as water by volume. 104 00:07:22,440 --> 00:07:25,840 Speaker 1: This is a supersaturated solution, meaning that as long as 105 00:07:25,880 --> 00:07:27,960 Speaker 1: you keep it under pressure, you can let it heat 106 00:07:28,040 --> 00:07:30,440 Speaker 1: up to room temperature or a little bit above without 107 00:07:30,480 --> 00:07:34,160 Speaker 1: any gas escaping. Because you're you've kind of temporarily changed 108 00:07:34,200 --> 00:07:36,680 Speaker 1: the rules of physics for water as to how much 109 00:07:36,720 --> 00:07:41,280 Speaker 1: it's willing to accept at a given temperature. Temporarily change 110 00:07:41,320 --> 00:07:44,360 Speaker 1: the rules of physics. When you bottle carbonated water, it 111 00:07:44,360 --> 00:07:47,200 Speaker 1: won't bubble much as long as you keep it contained 112 00:07:47,240 --> 00:07:50,480 Speaker 1: under pressure because the water and carbon dioxide are at 113 00:07:50,520 --> 00:07:53,680 Speaker 1: equilibrium and the surface tension of the water is sort 114 00:07:53,680 --> 00:07:56,920 Speaker 1: of holding everything in. But if you release the pressure 115 00:07:57,160 --> 00:08:00,200 Speaker 1: or increase the temperature too much, the gas will bubble out. 116 00:08:00,600 --> 00:08:02,360 Speaker 1: That's what happens when you pop the lid on a 117 00:08:02,400 --> 00:08:05,320 Speaker 1: soda bottle or leave a two liter of coke in 118 00:08:05,320 --> 00:08:10,480 Speaker 1: a hot car for too long. Another thing entirely is happening, though, 119 00:08:10,520 --> 00:08:13,680 Speaker 1: when a can of soda explodes in your freezer or water. 120 00:08:13,760 --> 00:08:17,400 Speaker 1: Molecules have to be liquid in order to contain carbon dioxide. 121 00:08:17,880 --> 00:08:21,440 Speaker 1: When those molecules start to freeze, they a increase in 122 00:08:21,560 --> 00:08:25,400 Speaker 1: size and be pushed the gas molecules out, which eventually 123 00:08:25,480 --> 00:08:29,920 Speaker 1: will explode the can. Also not good. No, uh so, 124 00:08:29,920 --> 00:08:35,480 Speaker 1: so that's your your basic carbonated water physics. But hey, hi, 125 00:08:36,760 --> 00:08:39,480 Speaker 1: why why do we find this stuff so delightful? Is 126 00:08:39,520 --> 00:08:45,760 Speaker 1: it the bubblins? Yes, yes, specific parts about the bubblinus. Okay, 127 00:08:45,800 --> 00:08:48,640 Speaker 1: so it's a combination of different things that the bubbles 128 00:08:48,640 --> 00:08:51,600 Speaker 1: are doing. A combination of scent, you know, the bubbles 129 00:08:51,600 --> 00:08:54,120 Speaker 1: will bring a draft of the beverage up to your nose, 130 00:08:54,480 --> 00:08:57,360 Speaker 1: plus sensation the bubbles against the tongue in the mouth 131 00:08:57,400 --> 00:09:00,120 Speaker 1: and in the nose, plus the bite and flame for 132 00:09:00,559 --> 00:09:04,520 Speaker 1: of a bit more acid than still water has. And 133 00:09:04,559 --> 00:09:07,520 Speaker 1: that's because some of the carbon dioxide forms the compound 134 00:09:07,559 --> 00:09:11,440 Speaker 1: carbonic acid as it interacts with water. But the really 135 00:09:11,480 --> 00:09:15,559 Speaker 1: fun thing about this is that that acid formation, that 136 00:09:15,559 --> 00:09:19,800 Speaker 1: that acidic bite, doesn't just happen on its own. Our 137 00:09:19,920 --> 00:09:23,920 Speaker 1: tongues actually have cells that contain this enzyme that catalyzes 138 00:09:23,960 --> 00:09:27,680 Speaker 1: the hydration of carbon dioxide. So when we drink sodas, 139 00:09:27,720 --> 00:09:31,360 Speaker 1: our mouths are beakers in which this chemical reaction is happening, 140 00:09:31,480 --> 00:09:33,360 Speaker 1: and the end result of that reaction is that some 141 00:09:33,400 --> 00:09:36,840 Speaker 1: free protons are released, and those free protons trigger some 142 00:09:36,880 --> 00:09:41,240 Speaker 1: of our sour sensitive taste buds. Oh, that's such a 143 00:09:41,280 --> 00:09:45,160 Speaker 1: fun way to think about drinking soda. Water. My mouth 144 00:09:45,280 --> 00:09:48,640 Speaker 1: is now a baker in this experiment. Yes, very scientific, 145 00:09:48,840 --> 00:09:53,839 Speaker 1: very Also about the physical sensation, A research out of 146 00:09:53,840 --> 00:09:57,240 Speaker 1: the University of Southern California indicates that carbon dioxide bubbles 147 00:09:57,440 --> 00:10:00,199 Speaker 1: trigger specialized nerve cells in the nasal cat but the 148 00:10:00,880 --> 00:10:04,120 Speaker 1: same ones that register the burn of horse, radish and mustard. 149 00:10:05,000 --> 00:10:08,760 Speaker 1: It's a slight pain sensation. So if you really love soda, 150 00:10:09,320 --> 00:10:12,520 Speaker 1: you're a little bit of a mass gust. Think about that, listeners, 151 00:10:13,480 --> 00:10:16,600 Speaker 1: look deep within yourself. But hey, when I said that 152 00:10:16,640 --> 00:10:20,600 Speaker 1: we find this stuff delightful, we find it really delightful. 153 00:10:21,400 --> 00:10:26,600 Speaker 1: We really do. The soft drink industry is massive, primarily 154 00:10:26,640 --> 00:10:30,800 Speaker 1: dominated by Coca Cola and PepsiCo Inc. Coke alone has 155 00:10:30,960 --> 00:10:35,640 Speaker 1: five hundred brands, seventeen of which make over a billion 156 00:10:35,760 --> 00:10:39,719 Speaker 1: U S dollars a year each, although not all of 157 00:10:39,760 --> 00:10:43,640 Speaker 1: those are soft drinks necessarily. The average American guzzled fifty 158 00:10:43,640 --> 00:10:48,840 Speaker 1: five gallons a year in two thousand one. Both Coke 159 00:10:48,880 --> 00:10:54,720 Speaker 1: and Pepsi have bottling operations locations in one and twenty countries. However, 160 00:10:54,960 --> 00:10:58,920 Speaker 1: they have been experiencing something of a slump lately for 161 00:10:58,960 --> 00:11:03,800 Speaker 1: the first time, while old water outsold soda in the US, 162 00:11:03,960 --> 00:11:08,240 Speaker 1: and sales have been steadily decreasing over the last ten years. 163 00:11:09,080 --> 00:11:11,160 Speaker 1: This has to do with several factors, many of them 164 00:11:11,160 --> 00:11:14,960 Speaker 1: health related concerns about sugar, and the FD has investigation 165 00:11:15,040 --> 00:11:20,439 Speaker 1: into the potential carcinogen caramel coating obesit fears soda taxes, 166 00:11:20,559 --> 00:11:23,880 Speaker 1: the whole cavity dissolving your tooth thing, and more recently 167 00:11:23,920 --> 00:11:27,400 Speaker 1: the water crisis in Flint. One thing to note, though, 168 00:11:27,520 --> 00:11:31,520 Speaker 1: is Pepsi and Coke do own most bottled water anyway. 169 00:11:32,440 --> 00:11:35,800 Speaker 1: What makes it especially interesting is that soda was originally 170 00:11:35,840 --> 00:11:41,720 Speaker 1: seen as a health drink. Who which brings us to 171 00:11:42,160 --> 00:11:45,320 Speaker 1: our history, But first it brings us to a quick 172 00:11:45,320 --> 00:11:57,440 Speaker 1: break for a word from our sponsor, and we're back, 173 00:11:57,600 --> 00:12:01,880 Speaker 1: thank you sponsor. So does his restarts with mineral water 174 00:12:02,040 --> 00:12:06,439 Speaker 1: found in natural springs. In ancient times, Bubbling water fascinated 175 00:12:06,480 --> 00:12:09,920 Speaker 1: people for centuries. Fizzing water was thought to alternately give 176 00:12:10,000 --> 00:12:15,040 Speaker 1: strength and health, are too house dangerous? Supernatural beings and 177 00:12:15,080 --> 00:12:20,040 Speaker 1: four Hippocrates believed mineral water could be a cure for disease. 178 00:12:20,600 --> 00:12:23,839 Speaker 1: The reason that the mineral water naturally bubbles is because 179 00:12:23,840 --> 00:12:26,319 Speaker 1: of the minerals that are dissolved in it. Underground, it's 180 00:12:26,360 --> 00:12:28,360 Speaker 1: kept a little bit pressurized, and then as it bubbles 181 00:12:28,440 --> 00:12:31,040 Speaker 1: up to the surface, it literally bubbles because of all 182 00:12:31,040 --> 00:12:34,920 Speaker 1: those salts in there. Exactly. And the idea that mineral 183 00:12:34,920 --> 00:12:37,960 Speaker 1: water could fix things like gall stones and infection spread 184 00:12:38,080 --> 00:12:41,960 Speaker 1: with the Roman Empire. In two sixteen b c. Hannibal 185 00:12:42,120 --> 00:12:45,040 Speaker 1: the General stopped at a natural spring in France with 186 00:12:45,280 --> 00:12:48,880 Speaker 1: not the Cannibal, Well, I thought I should specify, Yes, 187 00:12:49,160 --> 00:12:51,440 Speaker 1: he stopped at a natural spring in France with his 188 00:12:51,640 --> 00:12:55,719 Speaker 1: thirty seven war elements were elements that it is a thing, 189 00:12:55,960 --> 00:13:00,199 Speaker 1: were elephants and forty six thousand troops before heading to 190 00:13:00,320 --> 00:13:04,480 Speaker 1: Italy to fight. These are the same waters Periad comes 191 00:13:04,520 --> 00:13:09,760 Speaker 1: from to this day. Before Christianity became the way of 192 00:13:09,840 --> 00:13:12,840 Speaker 1: the land. In Scotland, couples might get married. In the 193 00:13:12,920 --> 00:13:16,920 Speaker 1: marriage well, the bubbly water was thought to endow good fortune. 194 00:13:17,480 --> 00:13:21,439 Speaker 1: At the same time, in Georgia, the country stone bathtubs 195 00:13:21,440 --> 00:13:24,520 Speaker 1: were erected so locals could put effervescent spring water in 196 00:13:24,559 --> 00:13:28,040 Speaker 1: them and enjoy a nice, bubbly bath. A handful of 197 00:13:28,040 --> 00:13:31,640 Speaker 1: scientists tried to pin down what was behind this fizzy water. 198 00:13:32,280 --> 00:13:37,520 Speaker 1: In thirteen forty, Italian physician Yoacomo Dundee looked into it 199 00:13:37,640 --> 00:13:40,679 Speaker 1: with the intention of finding out the secret behind mineral 200 00:13:40,720 --> 00:13:45,760 Speaker 1: waters curative powers. He concluded the residue left behind from 201 00:13:45,800 --> 00:13:49,920 Speaker 1: evaporated mineral water was mineral salt. A couple of centuries later, 202 00:13:50,000 --> 00:13:54,400 Speaker 1: in fifteen thirty five, Switzerland, Theophrastus Paracelis attempted to reverse 203 00:13:54,440 --> 00:13:58,040 Speaker 1: engineer a man made spring. He too believed that mineral 204 00:13:58,080 --> 00:14:00,720 Speaker 1: water had medicinal value, and he went on to become 205 00:14:01,120 --> 00:14:03,880 Speaker 1: a leader in the field of adding chemicals and minerals 206 00:14:03,880 --> 00:14:08,000 Speaker 1: to medicine. And then, in the sixteen hundreds, after doing 207 00:14:08,000 --> 00:14:10,520 Speaker 1: a bunch of tests with gases and things like mineral 208 00:14:10,559 --> 00:14:15,319 Speaker 1: water and fermented wine, scientist Jean Baptiste van Helmont discovered 209 00:14:15,400 --> 00:14:20,240 Speaker 1: something he called spiritus sylvestris. Today we know it as 210 00:14:20,320 --> 00:14:24,360 Speaker 1: carbon dioxide. In sixteen seventy six, the first soda, which 211 00:14:24,440 --> 00:14:27,640 Speaker 1: was a mixture of water and honey sweetened lemon juice, 212 00:14:27,800 --> 00:14:33,560 Speaker 1: was sold by Paris based Compagnier Lemonadier Limon Nardier Let's 213 00:14:33,560 --> 00:14:36,720 Speaker 1: there would be they sold their product from tanks on 214 00:14:36,760 --> 00:14:42,720 Speaker 1: the backs of vendors. Kind of love. Robert Boyle's publication 215 00:14:42,840 --> 00:14:46,280 Speaker 1: of his studies on mineral water provided the first method 216 00:14:46,480 --> 00:14:50,520 Speaker 1: to analyze all the chemical things that mineral water had 217 00:14:50,560 --> 00:14:53,920 Speaker 1: going on. And then the next year we start to 218 00:14:53,960 --> 00:14:57,280 Speaker 1: see some challenges to the idea that mineral water was 219 00:14:57,520 --> 00:15:03,280 Speaker 1: a curative. German and professor of medicine Friedrich Hoffman published 220 00:15:03,320 --> 00:15:05,720 Speaker 1: an outline of what he had gathered from his own 221 00:15:05,720 --> 00:15:08,880 Speaker 1: studies on mineral water and essentially tour the whole firm 222 00:15:08,920 --> 00:15:12,560 Speaker 1: as apart and anyone who believed it apart. Yeah, However, 223 00:15:12,760 --> 00:15:15,800 Speaker 1: he did think the minerals and mineral water were worth 224 00:15:15,800 --> 00:15:19,760 Speaker 1: looking into medicinally. Depending on the mineral, the water could 225 00:15:19,800 --> 00:15:23,480 Speaker 1: purportedly heal different things. One high end iron could be 226 00:15:23,520 --> 00:15:26,640 Speaker 1: useful for upping your strength, for example, like like early 227 00:15:26,720 --> 00:15:30,880 Speaker 1: research into vitamins and minerals. Exactly in the seventy hundreds, 228 00:15:30,880 --> 00:15:34,800 Speaker 1: we get several advances in science relevant to SODA's history. 229 00:15:35,360 --> 00:15:37,800 Speaker 1: Scientists figured out the gases in the air. They figured 230 00:15:37,840 --> 00:15:41,880 Speaker 1: out how mixing chalk when an acid resulted in carbon 231 00:15:41,880 --> 00:15:45,920 Speaker 1: dioxide or as it was called at the time, fixed air. 232 00:15:46,760 --> 00:15:50,720 Speaker 1: This was the same stuff English physician William Brownrigg confirmed 233 00:15:50,960 --> 00:15:53,640 Speaker 1: was in a famous spring in Germany. That spring was 234 00:15:53,720 --> 00:15:56,960 Speaker 1: located in the town of Need or Salters, which may 235 00:15:57,000 --> 00:16:00,640 Speaker 1: have led to the term Salter's water and ventually the 236 00:16:00,680 --> 00:16:06,880 Speaker 1: generic Seltzer water. In France, Gabrielle Vannelle was able to 237 00:16:06,920 --> 00:16:11,200 Speaker 1: produce aerated water in seventeen fifty, but he couldn't figure 238 00:16:11,240 --> 00:16:14,800 Speaker 1: out a way around this kind of gross salty residue 239 00:16:15,080 --> 00:16:20,080 Speaker 1: it came with. So all of this culminated with Joseph 240 00:16:20,160 --> 00:16:24,000 Speaker 1: Priestley's successful infusion of carbon dioxide into water in seventeen 241 00:16:24,160 --> 00:16:29,120 Speaker 1: sixty seven, which he shared with explorer James Cook and 242 00:16:29,200 --> 00:16:33,800 Speaker 1: James Cook's crew as a method for preventing scurvy, which 243 00:16:33,840 --> 00:16:36,720 Speaker 1: it didn't, no, but I bet it helped out with 244 00:16:36,760 --> 00:16:40,560 Speaker 1: all those gin and tonics. Yeah. He got this gas 245 00:16:40,600 --> 00:16:43,600 Speaker 1: from fermenting bruise tanks, by the way, and in seventeen 246 00:16:43,600 --> 00:16:47,160 Speaker 1: seventy two he suggested to London's College of Physicians that 247 00:16:47,240 --> 00:16:50,760 Speaker 1: an air pump would produce even fizzier water. His His 248 00:16:50,800 --> 00:16:55,000 Speaker 1: main contributions here were methods of dissolving the gas into 249 00:16:55,000 --> 00:16:58,720 Speaker 1: the water using pressure. At the time, bottles of carbonated 250 00:16:58,720 --> 00:17:01,920 Speaker 1: water were corked, and of course this was problematic because 251 00:17:01,920 --> 00:17:04,359 Speaker 1: there was no way to store an open bottle without 252 00:17:04,440 --> 00:17:08,440 Speaker 1: all the gas just escaping. Priestley also apparently discovered oxygen 253 00:17:08,720 --> 00:17:13,439 Speaker 1: and pencil erasers. Very prolific fellow, and this brings us 254 00:17:13,520 --> 00:17:17,400 Speaker 1: to one Jean Jacob Schwepp. You might recognize his name 255 00:17:17,840 --> 00:17:20,479 Speaker 1: after reading the work of Joseph Friesley. Swept brought one 256 00:17:20,480 --> 00:17:24,400 Speaker 1: of Priestley's machines with the goal of improving it, and 257 00:17:24,680 --> 00:17:27,399 Speaker 1: in three with the addition of a compression pump to 258 00:17:27,480 --> 00:17:32,000 Speaker 1: priestly system he did. At first, Swept donated these waters 259 00:17:32,080 --> 00:17:35,879 Speaker 1: to local medical practices, but they weren't comfortable accepting it 260 00:17:35,920 --> 00:17:38,720 Speaker 1: for free, so he started to charge a small amount, 261 00:17:38,800 --> 00:17:42,920 Speaker 1: and soon Schwept's company in Geneva was born. At first, 262 00:17:43,000 --> 00:17:46,399 Speaker 1: these bottles might have come torpedo shaped and laid flat 263 00:17:46,720 --> 00:17:49,640 Speaker 1: to keep the cork damp in. For Vince Village, Yeah, 264 00:17:49,720 --> 00:17:52,439 Speaker 1: picture a picture a wine bottle that just doesn't have 265 00:17:52,480 --> 00:17:57,760 Speaker 1: a base. It just tapers off like a like a football. Yeah, lemon, 266 00:17:57,880 --> 00:18:03,840 Speaker 1: it's really weird. I got a good chuckle out of it. Also, 267 00:18:03,920 --> 00:18:07,080 Speaker 1: in the seventeen eighties, and Englishman by the name of 268 00:18:07,280 --> 00:18:11,479 Speaker 1: Joseph Brahma worked out a manual process for continually filling 269 00:18:11,520 --> 00:18:15,119 Speaker 1: and carbonating the contents of bottles. He was also a 270 00:18:15,160 --> 00:18:18,919 Speaker 1: locksmith and invented the flush toilet. The type of glass 271 00:18:18,960 --> 00:18:21,440 Speaker 1: that could withstand the pressure was still expensive, though a 272 00:18:21,560 --> 00:18:25,800 Speaker 1: soda bottles wouldn't really become popular into the late eighteen hundreds, 273 00:18:25,840 --> 00:18:28,560 Speaker 1: like a whole century later. Until then, pretty much the 274 00:18:28,600 --> 00:18:32,560 Speaker 1: only way to get carbonated water commercially was via taps 275 00:18:32,600 --> 00:18:38,520 Speaker 1: attached to pressurized canisters containing the carbonated water. HM. Meanwhile, 276 00:18:38,720 --> 00:18:41,720 Speaker 1: all of the Old World ideas about mineral water being 277 00:18:41,760 --> 00:18:45,760 Speaker 1: this healthy, healing thing had also infiltrated America. By the 278 00:18:45,800 --> 00:18:48,800 Speaker 1: early eighteen hundreds, Saratoga Springs, New York had become a 279 00:18:48,840 --> 00:18:51,680 Speaker 1: hot spot for rich health nuts to drink kind of 280 00:18:51,720 --> 00:18:56,359 Speaker 1: gross mineral water. Thomas Jefferson wrote about it. I'm not 281 00:18:56,400 --> 00:18:59,800 Speaker 1: surprised at all that he did. In eighteen o nine, 282 00:19:00,000 --> 00:19:02,919 Speaker 1: the first commercial soda fountain in the United States was 283 00:19:02,960 --> 00:19:07,480 Speaker 1: opened by one Benjamin Silliman, a mineralogist and chemist from Yale. 284 00:19:07,960 --> 00:19:11,760 Speaker 1: It was this hand pump set up at Tony Coffeehouse 285 00:19:11,800 --> 00:19:14,840 Speaker 1: in New York City. He manufactured the carbonated water in 286 00:19:14,840 --> 00:19:17,639 Speaker 1: the basement and it was piped up to the counter upstairs. 287 00:19:18,720 --> 00:19:22,160 Speaker 1: And then the first patent for the means of mass 288 00:19:22,160 --> 00:19:25,880 Speaker 1: manufacturer of imitation mineral waters was issued in the US 289 00:19:25,960 --> 00:19:31,200 Speaker 1: in and the first soda fountain machine patented nine years later. 290 00:19:32,119 --> 00:19:35,400 Speaker 1: In eighteen thirteen, the first UK patent was filed for 291 00:19:35,480 --> 00:19:40,520 Speaker 1: a portable valve based soda dispensing fountain. The the inventor 292 00:19:40,640 --> 00:19:43,200 Speaker 1: mounted it on a horse drawn cart and brought fizzy 293 00:19:43,240 --> 00:19:49,600 Speaker 1: water throughout London, AH. Other inventors improved on these mechanical designs, 294 00:19:49,600 --> 00:19:52,840 Speaker 1: and by eighteen thirty seven we had the modern spring 295 00:19:52,960 --> 00:19:55,919 Speaker 1: valve soda siphon. You know, like a like a Seltzer bottle, 296 00:19:56,119 --> 00:19:57,600 Speaker 1: you know, like in the Three Stooges when they splits 297 00:19:57,640 --> 00:20:00,679 Speaker 1: each other in the face, exactly like that. You know, 298 00:20:00,880 --> 00:20:03,680 Speaker 1: something that can hold a carbonated water at pressure and 299 00:20:03,760 --> 00:20:07,200 Speaker 1: which you can pour and or sprits out of without 300 00:20:07,280 --> 00:20:11,080 Speaker 1: depressurizing the whole bottle, and also without too much work. Yeah, 301 00:20:11,200 --> 00:20:14,160 Speaker 1: I don't want to work too hard. In eighteen twenty three, 302 00:20:14,480 --> 00:20:18,359 Speaker 1: famous scientist Michael Faraday first reported how to liquefy carbon 303 00:20:18,359 --> 00:20:22,520 Speaker 1: dioxide using high pressure, and Adrian Jean Pierre de Laurier 304 00:20:22,600 --> 00:20:26,440 Speaker 1: worked out how to produce solid solid carbon dioxide a 305 00:20:26,600 --> 00:20:30,200 Speaker 1: k A dry ice INT five in another fifty or 306 00:20:30,240 --> 00:20:34,320 Speaker 1: sixty years. Only another fifty or sixty years, some practical 307 00:20:34,520 --> 00:20:38,080 Speaker 1: commercial soda equipment capitalizing on these methods would be developed, 308 00:20:39,119 --> 00:20:43,639 Speaker 1: and as carbonated water was seen as beneficial to your health, 309 00:20:44,320 --> 00:20:47,560 Speaker 1: pharmacists had the same skill set needed to mix health 310 00:20:47,560 --> 00:20:53,399 Speaker 1: promoting syrups. Most soda shops were thus situated inside of 311 00:20:53,680 --> 00:20:57,400 Speaker 1: or attached to drug stores YEP. One of the most 312 00:20:57,440 --> 00:21:01,280 Speaker 1: famous examples of these health syrups is asparilla. I want 313 00:21:01,359 --> 00:21:03,639 Speaker 1: to ask you, this is that how you've announced it? Salla, 314 00:21:03,880 --> 00:21:06,919 Speaker 1: It does not look like that, or sasparella sasparella. You 315 00:21:06,920 --> 00:21:09,879 Speaker 1: can say either way. Well, however, you say it was 316 00:21:09,920 --> 00:21:14,200 Speaker 1: a root thought to fix everything from eczema to syphilis. 317 00:21:14,280 --> 00:21:17,080 Speaker 1: Oh man, it does not do that. It just kind 318 00:21:17,080 --> 00:21:20,479 Speaker 1: of tastes like root beer a little bit. Yeah. Another 319 00:21:20,520 --> 00:21:26,000 Speaker 1: reason for the pharmacist soda connection is taste. Most medicines 320 00:21:26,119 --> 00:21:31,480 Speaker 1: tasted flat out awful, so to improve it, you'd take 321 00:21:31,560 --> 00:21:36,040 Speaker 1: your gross tasting medicine to conveniently located soda counter and 322 00:21:36,080 --> 00:21:39,080 Speaker 1: get it mixed with something to mask that terrible taste. 323 00:21:39,960 --> 00:21:43,400 Speaker 1: At the time, you already might be mixing it with alcohol, 324 00:21:43,800 --> 00:21:49,639 Speaker 1: so soda water was promoted as a healthier alternative to that. However, 325 00:21:51,280 --> 00:21:56,520 Speaker 1: sometimes drugs the FDA now classifies as narcotics were added 326 00:21:56,560 --> 00:22:01,080 Speaker 1: to soda water. So yeah, sort of evens out on 327 00:22:01,119 --> 00:22:05,000 Speaker 1: the alcohol versus narcotic sort of scale. Sure, that's thought 328 00:22:05,000 --> 00:22:07,200 Speaker 1: to be where the phrase picked me up comes from 329 00:22:07,280 --> 00:22:11,760 Speaker 1: your morning medicinal soda water. Um. A lot of these 330 00:22:11,840 --> 00:22:14,240 Speaker 1: jugs came from a class to find in eighteen fifty 331 00:22:14,320 --> 00:22:20,400 Speaker 1: five called nervines. This class included things like cannabis, opium, heroin, 332 00:22:20,520 --> 00:22:24,760 Speaker 1: and of course, cocaine, which was revered as this miraculous 333 00:22:24,840 --> 00:22:28,320 Speaker 1: cure all when it was first discovered. Most recipes that 334 00:22:28,359 --> 00:22:32,879 Speaker 1: called for cocaine used about point zero one of it, 335 00:22:33,160 --> 00:22:35,399 Speaker 1: which is a tenth of a line of coke. I 336 00:22:35,480 --> 00:22:39,920 Speaker 1: read that somewhere that is not from experience. I love 337 00:22:40,000 --> 00:22:44,639 Speaker 1: whatever scientists wrote that in. Yes, so people probably didn't 338 00:22:44,640 --> 00:22:47,040 Speaker 1: get a massive high from it, but it was still 339 00:22:47,080 --> 00:22:52,439 Speaker 1: addictive and very different from today's standards. Your order might 340 00:22:52,480 --> 00:22:56,880 Speaker 1: go something like this one cocaine and caffeine concoction, please 341 00:22:56,920 --> 00:23:02,560 Speaker 1: and How're welcome, You're welcome. That was the thing that 342 00:23:02,640 --> 00:23:06,080 Speaker 1: you might you might go up and in the morning, 343 00:23:07,200 --> 00:23:10,159 Speaker 1: you know, put it's some pep in your step. It 344 00:23:10,200 --> 00:23:15,280 Speaker 1: would certainly work. I suppose, I suppose. In eighteen thirty one, 345 00:23:15,400 --> 00:23:18,800 Speaker 1: carbonated water was removed from the United States farm a 346 00:23:18,880 --> 00:23:22,119 Speaker 1: Copia's annual pamphlet, which is a sort of encyclopedia of 347 00:23:22,200 --> 00:23:26,000 Speaker 1: drug information, which means that despite drug stores still being 348 00:23:26,000 --> 00:23:29,240 Speaker 1: a main source of soda fountains and some concoctions boasting 349 00:23:29,240 --> 00:23:33,520 Speaker 1: health claims and many people still associating carbonated water with medicine, 350 00:23:33,960 --> 00:23:37,440 Speaker 1: it was solidly making the switch to a fun times drink, 351 00:23:38,240 --> 00:23:43,119 Speaker 1: how fun socially acceptable fun. With the temperance movements of 352 00:23:43,160 --> 00:23:46,160 Speaker 1: the early to mid eighteen hundreds, some people women in particular, 353 00:23:46,320 --> 00:23:48,760 Speaker 1: we're looking for places where they could socialize without the 354 00:23:48,760 --> 00:23:52,280 Speaker 1: stigma or sometimes the safety issues of places that served alcohol. 355 00:23:52,680 --> 00:23:55,919 Speaker 1: Soda fountains were frequently you know, bright, with the stainless 356 00:23:55,960 --> 00:24:00,760 Speaker 1: steel counters and white uniform soda jerks. So too, jerks 357 00:24:00,800 --> 00:24:06,119 Speaker 1: also sometimes faced some hazards, oh yeah, at the job, 358 00:24:06,400 --> 00:24:11,440 Speaker 1: primary primarily of which the potential for exploding soda fountains 359 00:24:12,320 --> 00:24:17,800 Speaker 1: or falling into vats of sulfuric acid. Huh. The term 360 00:24:17,880 --> 00:24:23,040 Speaker 1: jerk comes from the motion of the handle. M Yeah, 361 00:24:23,600 --> 00:24:26,880 Speaker 1: jerked the handle. Alternate names for soda jerks include fountain 362 00:24:26,920 --> 00:24:33,639 Speaker 1: chemists and licensed physicians. Oh. I've never heard that, but 363 00:24:34,720 --> 00:24:38,040 Speaker 1: I hope that somebody was like happily introducing himself to 364 00:24:38,080 --> 00:24:42,120 Speaker 1: the potential, like parents of someone who wanted to marry. 365 00:24:42,320 --> 00:24:45,320 Speaker 1: What do you do kid? Oh, I'm a licensed physician. 366 00:24:46,560 --> 00:24:48,840 Speaker 1: I'm sure they were very impressed. I think that was 367 00:24:48,920 --> 00:24:52,080 Speaker 1: more a fun slang term than a serious one, but 368 00:24:52,520 --> 00:24:55,560 Speaker 1: at any rate, it was quite fun. Yes. Yeah, you 369 00:24:55,600 --> 00:24:58,159 Speaker 1: could buy a bottled soda water in the US beginning 370 00:24:58,160 --> 00:25:02,600 Speaker 1: at The process was sped up in eighteen fifty with 371 00:25:02,680 --> 00:25:06,600 Speaker 1: innovations in the machinery used to make and fill the bottles. 372 00:25:06,680 --> 00:25:10,680 Speaker 1: Steam power helped. It's estimated that New York City had 373 00:25:10,720 --> 00:25:14,240 Speaker 1: more than six d seventy soda fountains by eighteen thirty six, 374 00:25:14,840 --> 00:25:19,280 Speaker 1: and there were so many innovations thanks to soda. The 375 00:25:19,280 --> 00:25:23,440 Speaker 1: bottling industry alone saw more than one thousand, five hundred patents, 376 00:25:23,920 --> 00:25:28,359 Speaker 1: especially with different types of caps. Oh yeah, folks were 377 00:25:28,359 --> 00:25:30,679 Speaker 1: trying to figure out a way to keep those bubbles 378 00:25:30,680 --> 00:25:34,280 Speaker 1: in and in eighteen seventy two, William Painter came up 379 00:25:34,320 --> 00:25:38,280 Speaker 1: with the first successful solution, the crown cork bottle seal. 380 00:25:39,680 --> 00:25:43,360 Speaker 1: Soon after, and eighteen fifty one, ginger ale was invented 381 00:25:43,440 --> 00:25:47,040 Speaker 1: in Ireland. Ten years later we get the first use 382 00:25:47,040 --> 00:25:51,880 Speaker 1: of pop in conjunction with soda. Root Beer becomes available 383 00:25:51,880 --> 00:25:55,120 Speaker 1: in eighteen seventy six, and by then nearly every city 384 00:25:55,160 --> 00:25:58,640 Speaker 1: in the U s etisoda fountain. Also note that recipes 385 00:25:58,680 --> 00:26:01,280 Speaker 1: like ginger ale and root beer were very common before 386 00:26:01,320 --> 00:26:04,800 Speaker 1: they were first packaged and sold commercially. Also popular around 387 00:26:04,840 --> 00:26:10,199 Speaker 1: this time recipes involving West African cola nut extract. But 388 00:26:10,240 --> 00:26:13,120 Speaker 1: there were just tons and tons of flavors becoming available, 389 00:26:13,160 --> 00:26:16,400 Speaker 1: mostly due to advances in artificial flavoring which developed out 390 00:26:16,440 --> 00:26:20,360 Speaker 1: of the perfume industry, everything from like banana to violet, walnut, 391 00:26:20,440 --> 00:26:24,679 Speaker 1: winter green, everything else in between. In eight four we 392 00:26:24,680 --> 00:26:27,320 Speaker 1: saw a patent for the first design of a soda 393 00:26:27,359 --> 00:26:30,960 Speaker 1: siphon device that can use cartridges of carbon dioxide to 394 00:26:31,280 --> 00:26:34,879 Speaker 1: carbonate the water in a bottle. This this was the 395 00:26:35,040 --> 00:26:39,640 Speaker 1: very beginning of soda stream type machines, soda stream type machines, 396 00:26:40,400 --> 00:26:43,639 Speaker 1: soda stream type machines, and this brings us to a 397 00:26:43,680 --> 00:26:47,480 Speaker 1: string of famous soda brands. But first a quick break 398 00:26:47,520 --> 00:26:59,960 Speaker 1: for a word from our sponsor. End We're back they 399 00:27:00,080 --> 00:27:07,280 Speaker 1: key sponsor. Okay. In Charles Alderton came out with an 400 00:27:07,440 --> 00:27:13,800 Speaker 1: energy drink and brain tonic called Dr Pepper and yes, 401 00:27:14,840 --> 00:27:18,280 Speaker 1: that Dr Pepper. At first, it was only served in 402 00:27:18,520 --> 00:27:22,480 Speaker 1: the drug store where Alderton worked in Waco, Texas. Customers 403 00:27:22,560 --> 00:27:25,240 Speaker 1: used to order it as a Waco Where where does 404 00:27:25,240 --> 00:27:29,080 Speaker 1: the name Dr Pepper come from? Ah? Well, the store's 405 00:27:29,119 --> 00:27:32,600 Speaker 1: owner gave it this name. Um and by the way, 406 00:27:32,600 --> 00:27:34,520 Speaker 1: the period was done away with it at first at 407 00:27:34,520 --> 00:27:36,399 Speaker 1: a period, but now they don't have it because they 408 00:27:36,440 --> 00:27:38,360 Speaker 1: don't want you to think an actual doctor was involved. 409 00:27:39,400 --> 00:27:41,560 Speaker 1: But the name is thought to come from the store 410 00:27:41,560 --> 00:27:45,200 Speaker 1: owners old boss one Dr Pepper. I always thought it 411 00:27:45,240 --> 00:27:46,880 Speaker 1: was linked to the pepper up thing, but then I 412 00:27:46,960 --> 00:27:48,840 Speaker 1: realized that that might just be from Harry Potter. Is 413 00:27:48,880 --> 00:27:51,480 Speaker 1: that a real thing? This happens to me all the 414 00:27:51,520 --> 00:27:58,200 Speaker 1: time anyway. Dr Pepper didn't become nationally available in until 415 00:27:58,320 --> 00:28:01,360 Speaker 1: nineteen o four, and after it's grand debut to twenty 416 00:28:01,359 --> 00:28:05,280 Speaker 1: million people at the World's Fair Exposition. It was originally 417 00:28:05,320 --> 00:28:10,240 Speaker 1: sold as a cure for lots of things, including smoking, alcoholism, 418 00:28:10,320 --> 00:28:17,879 Speaker 1: and age. Drink this dr Pepper and your age? Do 419 00:28:17,880 --> 00:28:19,879 Speaker 1: you think it makes you more more mature or less? 420 00:28:21,240 --> 00:28:25,640 Speaker 1: I don't know if it's fixing your smoking and your alcoholism. 421 00:28:25,640 --> 00:28:31,800 Speaker 1: Oh man, I guess I don't know. These are the questions. 422 00:28:32,880 --> 00:28:34,840 Speaker 1: And here's a fun fact about me. There about four 423 00:28:34,880 --> 00:28:39,600 Speaker 1: foods I don't like, and Dr Pepper might be what 424 00:28:39,960 --> 00:28:43,280 Speaker 1: the very top thing? Oh my goodness. And a friend 425 00:28:43,280 --> 00:28:45,200 Speaker 1: of mine put this to the test once because she 426 00:28:45,240 --> 00:28:47,680 Speaker 1: thought I was just being stubborn, which is not an 427 00:28:47,720 --> 00:28:51,120 Speaker 1: unfounded suspicion, not at all. But she switched my coke 428 00:28:51,280 --> 00:28:56,080 Speaker 1: with Dr Pepper and I did the spittiest of takes 429 00:28:56,160 --> 00:28:58,160 Speaker 1: and like ran to the bat. It was like gaging 430 00:28:59,200 --> 00:29:02,760 Speaker 1: your alcome for that noise, by the way. Um. And also, 431 00:29:02,880 --> 00:29:05,960 Speaker 1: I don't drink soft drinks because the same person dared 432 00:29:05,960 --> 00:29:08,040 Speaker 1: me to give them up. I could see in her 433 00:29:08,080 --> 00:29:10,440 Speaker 1: eyes she really believed I couldn't do it. So was 434 00:29:10,480 --> 00:29:15,600 Speaker 1: the above. Oh, I love Dr Pepper, so does everyone 435 00:29:15,640 --> 00:29:17,760 Speaker 1: in my family. I mean, I went through a serious 436 00:29:17,800 --> 00:29:20,320 Speaker 1: Dr Pepper phase when I was a kid. But I 437 00:29:20,360 --> 00:29:23,320 Speaker 1: don't drink that many sugar drinks anymore. But I still 438 00:29:23,360 --> 00:29:26,600 Speaker 1: like it. Also in five, a concoction by the name 439 00:29:26,640 --> 00:29:29,560 Speaker 1: of Moxi soda appeared. It was a little bit bitter 440 00:29:29,600 --> 00:29:33,120 Speaker 1: sweet and involved sassafras and quinine and was marketed as 441 00:29:33,160 --> 00:29:36,600 Speaker 1: a wonder drug that would cure everything from paralysis to 442 00:29:36,720 --> 00:29:40,840 Speaker 1: impotence to softening of the brain. Okay, yeah, I don't 443 00:29:40,840 --> 00:29:43,840 Speaker 1: know exactly what that means, but but the soda is 444 00:29:43,880 --> 00:29:46,480 Speaker 1: actually where we get the word moxie from, you know, 445 00:29:46,560 --> 00:29:49,760 Speaker 1: a slang for like nerve or courage. A popular ad 446 00:29:49,760 --> 00:29:52,560 Speaker 1: campaign during the nineteen twenties went what this country needs 447 00:29:52,560 --> 00:29:57,080 Speaker 1: as plenty of moxi. Ah, it's still available in New England. 448 00:29:57,160 --> 00:29:58,440 Speaker 1: I tried some of the last time that I was 449 00:29:58,480 --> 00:30:01,360 Speaker 1: up there. That's great. Have no idea that that word 450 00:30:01,400 --> 00:30:06,480 Speaker 1: came from a corporation, yeah, speaking up of a corporation. 451 00:30:07,240 --> 00:30:11,200 Speaker 1: The following year, in eight six, pharmacist Dr John Pemberton 452 00:30:11,320 --> 00:30:15,280 Speaker 1: invented coca cola. And while we still don't know the 453 00:30:15,320 --> 00:30:18,760 Speaker 1: exact formula for coca cola, we do know that for 454 00:30:18,800 --> 00:30:22,000 Speaker 1: the first seventeen years it did involve cocaine, which Coca 455 00:30:22,080 --> 00:30:25,200 Speaker 1: Cola still denies, but everyone else is like nope, that 456 00:30:25,240 --> 00:30:28,880 Speaker 1: was in there, Yeah, which is funny, funny enough to 457 00:30:28,960 --> 00:30:31,320 Speaker 1: us now. Pemberton was trying to find a pain killer 458 00:30:31,480 --> 00:30:35,000 Speaker 1: free of opiates and habit forming morphine. He was a 459 00:30:35,080 --> 00:30:39,280 Speaker 1: veteran and came back and wanted it like a better alternative, 460 00:30:39,800 --> 00:30:42,640 Speaker 1: and he got the idea from a European chemist who 461 00:30:42,760 --> 00:30:46,760 Speaker 1: combined coca leaves and wine to make something called vin Mariani. 462 00:30:47,400 --> 00:30:50,640 Speaker 1: The alcohol in the wine pulled the cocaine from the leaves, 463 00:30:50,640 --> 00:30:54,760 Speaker 1: and it was touted as a restorative beverage. Pemberton took 464 00:30:54,800 --> 00:30:59,360 Speaker 1: that added colon extract and caffeine to make Pemberton's French 465 00:30:59,400 --> 00:31:03,120 Speaker 1: wine coke, but he hit a road block with the 466 00:31:03,120 --> 00:31:06,560 Speaker 1: Temperance movement and prohibition laws, so he replaced the wine 467 00:31:06,560 --> 00:31:10,480 Speaker 1: with sugar syrup, renaming his new concoction Coca Cola. The 468 00:31:10,600 --> 00:31:13,640 Speaker 1: first marketing campaign it touted it as a nutrient beverage 469 00:31:13,680 --> 00:31:19,360 Speaker 1: and tonic. It's hard to understate the cultural importance of coke. 470 00:31:19,960 --> 00:31:22,200 Speaker 1: We probably do a whole thing on it, but yeah, 471 00:31:22,320 --> 00:31:25,200 Speaker 1: it became the symbol of America. It's one of the 472 00:31:25,200 --> 00:31:28,040 Speaker 1: most recognizable trademarks in the world, and thanks to their 473 00:31:28,200 --> 00:31:31,600 Speaker 1: prolific and successful advertising, a lot of people believe they 474 00:31:31,600 --> 00:31:34,720 Speaker 1: invented our modern day rendition of Santa Claus. They did 475 00:31:34,720 --> 00:31:37,400 Speaker 1: not know. They did not. Also, they changed their slogan 476 00:31:37,400 --> 00:31:40,400 Speaker 1: every couple of years. And here are some of my favorites. 477 00:31:41,320 --> 00:31:44,560 Speaker 1: The Great National Temperance Beverage, which was the slogan in 478 00:31:44,640 --> 00:31:47,280 Speaker 1: nineteen o six. It had to be good to get 479 00:31:47,320 --> 00:31:52,080 Speaker 1: where it is in nineteen six and what you want 480 00:31:52,240 --> 00:31:56,760 Speaker 1: is a coke in nineteen fifty two. And also finally 481 00:31:58,600 --> 00:32:05,400 Speaker 1: coke is it exclamation point? That's actually pretty excellently If 482 00:32:05,440 --> 00:32:08,880 Speaker 1: you are interested, I would recommend looking it up to 483 00:32:08,960 --> 00:32:11,960 Speaker 1: keep costs down. Coca Cola licensed out the process of 484 00:32:12,000 --> 00:32:18,040 Speaker 1: mixing the syrup, packaging, and distributing to bottlers. Asa Candler, 485 00:32:18,080 --> 00:32:20,840 Speaker 1: who founded the Coca Cola Company, didn't realize the potential 486 00:32:20,880 --> 00:32:24,160 Speaker 1: profits of bottling and sold the rights to Cokes bottling 487 00:32:24,240 --> 00:32:29,800 Speaker 1: process and for a relatively low price. And uh, the 488 00:32:30,080 --> 00:32:32,520 Speaker 1: early foray into bottling is one of the main reasons 489 00:32:32,600 --> 00:32:35,440 Speaker 1: for Coca Cola success. We still use this model of 490 00:32:35,560 --> 00:32:40,200 Speaker 1: bottling and franchising to this day. Also, it's interesting being 491 00:32:40,200 --> 00:32:42,920 Speaker 1: in Atlanta and just seeing all these names. Coca Cola 492 00:32:42,960 --> 00:32:45,360 Speaker 1: is pretty big around here and a lot of our 493 00:32:45,400 --> 00:32:49,400 Speaker 1: streets are named after these folks, and one day we'll 494 00:32:49,400 --> 00:32:52,000 Speaker 1: have to do a whole episode on syrups and marketing 495 00:32:52,040 --> 00:32:55,720 Speaker 1: deals and food advertising. Coke has a whole pledge about how, when, 496 00:32:55,800 --> 00:32:58,640 Speaker 1: and how much they will direct Adds two Kids, which 497 00:32:58,640 --> 00:33:01,360 Speaker 1: I read and was very in depth and definitely the 498 00:33:01,560 --> 00:33:05,440 Speaker 1: whole thing about flavoring syrups. It's a real challenge to 499 00:33:05,560 --> 00:33:08,440 Speaker 1: get the flavoring of a soda just right due to 500 00:33:08,760 --> 00:33:12,840 Speaker 1: the kind of chemical shenanigans that are going on in 501 00:33:12,920 --> 00:33:16,800 Speaker 1: a in a bottle of carbonated water. Yeah, and again 502 00:33:16,840 --> 00:33:19,200 Speaker 1: in the world of coke in Atlanta. At the end, 503 00:33:19,280 --> 00:33:23,640 Speaker 1: the big draw is there's all of these cokes from 504 00:33:23,640 --> 00:33:25,959 Speaker 1: around the world are coke products, but also just different 505 00:33:26,040 --> 00:33:30,880 Speaker 1: like flavors, slight difference, and you can try all of them. 506 00:33:31,080 --> 00:33:34,360 Speaker 1: So we'll definitely have to return to that. I've never 507 00:33:34,400 --> 00:33:38,200 Speaker 1: been so oh field chip and an easily accomplished one 508 00:33:38,600 --> 00:33:44,240 Speaker 1: for once. Meanwhile, in the modern drinking straw was first patented. 509 00:33:44,400 --> 00:33:47,440 Speaker 1: It was a manila paper tube coated with paraffin wax. 510 00:33:47,560 --> 00:33:49,600 Speaker 1: We'll have to do a whole episode about straws. Yeah, 511 00:33:49,920 --> 00:33:52,320 Speaker 1: We've got a lot of homework from this one. Yeah. 512 00:33:52,560 --> 00:33:57,600 Speaker 1: In or possibly another pharmacist by the name of Caleb 513 00:33:57,600 --> 00:34:01,600 Speaker 1: Bradham came out with an energy boosting, digestion eating drink 514 00:34:01,880 --> 00:34:08,279 Speaker 1: called Caleb's Drink. Wait that Caleb what well. A couple 515 00:34:08,320 --> 00:34:10,640 Speaker 1: of years later they took the main ingredient PEPs in, 516 00:34:11,400 --> 00:34:14,040 Speaker 1: which was an enzyme thought to help with digestion, and 517 00:34:14,239 --> 00:34:20,799 Speaker 1: cola nut extract to rename it Pepsi cola yep. I 518 00:34:20,800 --> 00:34:25,080 Speaker 1: should have seen it coming, scaled drink, I guess? I 519 00:34:25,120 --> 00:34:27,480 Speaker 1: guess after Coca Cola and dr pepper I should have. 520 00:34:27,960 --> 00:34:31,319 Speaker 1: While Pepsi would later become Coke's main competitor, fluctuations and 521 00:34:31,400 --> 00:34:34,400 Speaker 1: sugar prices led the company to go bankrupt twice before 522 00:34:34,440 --> 00:34:40,280 Speaker 1: it was purchased by candy manufacturing company Aloft Incorporated. In 523 00:34:40,320 --> 00:34:44,480 Speaker 1: the nineties, soda fountains started becoming more and more common internationally, 524 00:34:44,680 --> 00:34:47,920 Speaker 1: especially in big European cities like London and Paris. This 525 00:34:48,080 --> 00:34:51,600 Speaker 1: was helped by advances in refrigeration technology during this and 526 00:34:51,760 --> 00:34:54,280 Speaker 1: the next few decades, making it more possible to serve 527 00:34:54,680 --> 00:35:00,600 Speaker 1: ice cream, drinks and Sundays at soda fountains. By the 528 00:35:00,640 --> 00:35:03,960 Speaker 1: time nineteen o two rolled around, people were increasingly wary 529 00:35:04,520 --> 00:35:09,520 Speaker 1: of ingesting unregulated substances like cocaine. Uh and I'm sure 530 00:35:09,600 --> 00:35:12,840 Speaker 1: articles like this Los Angeles Times one titled they thirst 531 00:35:12,840 --> 00:35:17,799 Speaker 1: for Cocaine soda fountain fiends. Multiplying didn't help, and so 532 00:35:17,960 --> 00:35:21,279 Speaker 1: began the phasing out of narcotic ingredients and replacing them 533 00:35:21,280 --> 00:35:27,239 Speaker 1: with sugar like retrean retroactive laws due to everything we've 534 00:35:27,280 --> 00:35:32,440 Speaker 1: been learning about sugar. Yeah. Also, hey, the push for 535 00:35:32,480 --> 00:35:36,680 Speaker 1: these regulations was sometimes marketed in a really super racist way, 536 00:35:37,640 --> 00:35:40,840 Speaker 1: as in, like, black dudes use stuff like cocaine and 537 00:35:40,880 --> 00:35:43,799 Speaker 1: marijuana and then assault white women while they're highs So 538 00:35:43,840 --> 00:35:47,640 Speaker 1: we have to ban those substances, which is terrible and 539 00:35:47,719 --> 00:35:49,799 Speaker 1: still influences the way that drug laws are written and 540 00:35:49,840 --> 00:35:52,400 Speaker 1: enforced in the United States, which is even more terrible. 541 00:35:53,440 --> 00:36:00,359 Speaker 1: Very that's very awful. Ah yeah, sorry, all right. In 542 00:36:00,360 --> 00:36:03,560 Speaker 1: the nineteen twenties we start to see the first automatic 543 00:36:03,680 --> 00:36:08,839 Speaker 1: vending machines and these things called home packs. They are 544 00:36:09,160 --> 00:36:12,080 Speaker 1: the six pack cartans used to carry drinks like coke. 545 00:36:13,440 --> 00:36:17,280 Speaker 1: The nineteen twenties is also when Coca Cola started aggressively advertising. 546 00:36:17,680 --> 00:36:19,200 Speaker 1: Over the next ten years in the U s we 547 00:36:19,280 --> 00:36:22,759 Speaker 1: shifted further and further away from the soda fountain and 548 00:36:23,000 --> 00:36:27,080 Speaker 1: more towards enjoying bottles at home are at broadside places 549 00:36:27,120 --> 00:36:30,319 Speaker 1: once they started becoming more common in the forties. The 550 00:36:30,400 --> 00:36:34,920 Speaker 1: repeal of prohibition wasn't great for soda fountains either. In 551 00:36:36,400 --> 00:36:40,239 Speaker 1: Charles Leeper Grigg created a drink that at first contained 552 00:36:40,280 --> 00:36:44,600 Speaker 1: believed mood stabilizing drug lithium side trade. It entered the 553 00:36:44,640 --> 00:36:50,799 Speaker 1: market with the name BIB labelated Lemon Lime Soda. That 554 00:36:50,960 --> 00:36:55,560 Speaker 1: BIB label atheated Lemon line soda. You ask who approved 555 00:36:55,560 --> 00:36:58,320 Speaker 1: of this name? I don't know, And they quickly realized 556 00:36:58,320 --> 00:37:00,759 Speaker 1: that it was a terrible name and changed it to 557 00:37:01,280 --> 00:37:05,799 Speaker 1: seven UP. I like, how, wait, there's not even I 558 00:37:05,880 --> 00:37:09,680 Speaker 1: was like seven whereas nobody actually knows exactly where the 559 00:37:09,719 --> 00:37:11,879 Speaker 1: name comes from. There's two prevailing theories, neither of which 560 00:37:11,920 --> 00:37:16,040 Speaker 1: I find very convincing. But the label vitheated lemon lamb 561 00:37:16,160 --> 00:37:20,920 Speaker 1: soda to seven up, Yeah, very different. Some of the 562 00:37:20,920 --> 00:37:23,840 Speaker 1: first ads for it read it settles the stomach for 563 00:37:23,920 --> 00:37:29,880 Speaker 1: hospital and home use. Okay. The Great Depression in the 564 00:37:29,960 --> 00:37:33,719 Speaker 1: nineteen thirties saw the beginning of the soda value for 565 00:37:33,840 --> 00:37:38,600 Speaker 1: volume race. When Pepsi released a twelve ounce Pepsi bottle 566 00:37:38,680 --> 00:37:41,399 Speaker 1: for the same nickel price as a six ounce bottle 567 00:37:41,440 --> 00:37:44,600 Speaker 1: of coke, and Pepsi did a similar thing with the 568 00:37:44,600 --> 00:37:47,560 Speaker 1: price of syrups at soda fountains. They even had a 569 00:37:47,560 --> 00:37:51,560 Speaker 1: popular jingle, Pepsi Cola hits the spot twelve food ounces 570 00:37:51,600 --> 00:37:53,920 Speaker 1: that's a lot twice as much for a nickel to 571 00:37:54,160 --> 00:37:58,960 Speaker 1: Pepsi Cola is the drink for you. Wow. Coke resisted 572 00:37:59,719 --> 00:38:03,359 Speaker 1: and nineteen fifty five, when it came out with ten 573 00:38:03,520 --> 00:38:08,640 Speaker 1: and twelve ounce king sized bottles, Coke's partnership with McDonald's 574 00:38:08,640 --> 00:38:10,880 Speaker 1: in the nineteen fifties up the empty two from seven 575 00:38:10,880 --> 00:38:14,960 Speaker 1: ounce to sixteen to one in nineteen seventy four. And 576 00:38:14,960 --> 00:38:19,279 Speaker 1: there's racism involved in this. T ballers of Coca Cola 577 00:38:19,400 --> 00:38:22,040 Speaker 1: claimed that larger sizes were more suited for people of color. 578 00:38:22,080 --> 00:38:23,760 Speaker 1: That was one of the reasons they were trying to resist, 579 00:38:24,480 --> 00:38:27,000 Speaker 1: and when Pepsi one market share in the nineteen fifties, 580 00:38:27,080 --> 00:38:29,640 Speaker 1: Coca Cola had an ad campaign to convince white people 581 00:38:29,680 --> 00:38:36,279 Speaker 1: that the larger bottles were not just for black people anymore. Wow. Anyway, Basically, 582 00:38:36,640 --> 00:38:39,640 Speaker 1: capitalism is why New York has laws banning big gulps. 583 00:38:40,000 --> 00:38:42,880 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, because they just kept being well, you can 584 00:38:42,920 --> 00:38:44,440 Speaker 1: get this much for this much, and this much, for 585 00:38:44,480 --> 00:38:47,719 Speaker 1: this much, and then eventually you're just driving around in 586 00:38:47,719 --> 00:38:50,880 Speaker 1: a tank full of cover. Yeah, just phil, our filler 587 00:38:50,960 --> 00:38:55,640 Speaker 1: up please. Uh. Soda was first packaged in cans tin 588 00:38:55,719 --> 00:38:58,799 Speaker 1: cans in the late nineteen thirties, but sodacans would not 589 00:38:58,840 --> 00:39:02,560 Speaker 1: really take off until a aluminum to colt. Along comes 590 00:39:02,560 --> 00:39:05,560 Speaker 1: Mountain Dew and Fanta in the nineteen forties, and Coca 591 00:39:05,600 --> 00:39:08,640 Speaker 1: Cola set up bottling operations in Europe for the troops 592 00:39:08,760 --> 00:39:11,879 Speaker 1: stations there during World War Two. This was a pretty 593 00:39:11,920 --> 00:39:14,439 Speaker 1: good move because it endeared them. It endeared the brand 594 00:39:14,480 --> 00:39:17,200 Speaker 1: to soldiers and their families, that set them up to 595 00:39:17,320 --> 00:39:20,520 Speaker 1: enter the global market, and they cemented themselves as this 596 00:39:20,640 --> 00:39:26,040 Speaker 1: quintessentially American product. And the soft drink industry is one 597 00:39:26,040 --> 00:39:28,920 Speaker 1: of the best at advertising, and this became quite apparent 598 00:39:28,960 --> 00:39:31,320 Speaker 1: after World War Two with a slew of celebrity endorsements, 599 00:39:31,360 --> 00:39:36,160 Speaker 1: movie Taliant's TV ads, those aforementioned catchy slogans. But when 600 00:39:36,200 --> 00:39:39,920 Speaker 1: the sixties ushered in a new focus on health and fitness, 601 00:39:40,239 --> 00:39:42,759 Speaker 1: the industry had to adapt. So how did they do this? 602 00:39:43,800 --> 00:39:47,680 Speaker 1: They introduced sugar free diet and caffeine free options. The 603 00:39:47,719 --> 00:39:51,080 Speaker 1: first no calorie beverage No cal beverage Easy to Remember 604 00:39:51,480 --> 00:39:54,960 Speaker 1: was introduced in nineteen fifty two. Aluminum cans came along 605 00:39:54,960 --> 00:39:59,239 Speaker 1: in seven pull ring tab in nineteen sixty two, and 606 00:39:59,280 --> 00:40:01,640 Speaker 1: you could find a uminum cans and vending machines starting 607 00:40:01,640 --> 00:40:05,720 Speaker 1: in nineteen sixty five and then in seventy plastic bottles. 608 00:40:07,280 --> 00:40:10,880 Speaker 1: Pepsi challenged Coke's dominance once again in the seventies and 609 00:40:10,880 --> 00:40:14,880 Speaker 1: eighties with their blind taste test ad campaign. The Pepsi challenge, 610 00:40:16,040 --> 00:40:19,800 Speaker 1: Coke countered by changing their formula to make new coke 611 00:40:20,320 --> 00:40:24,000 Speaker 1: in but as some of you you will remember, this 612 00:40:24,080 --> 00:40:29,200 Speaker 1: was a gigantic misstep and they quickly reverse course. In 613 00:40:30,200 --> 00:40:33,160 Speaker 1: seven we see the formula for Red Bull. But it 614 00:40:33,239 --> 00:40:36,000 Speaker 1: took until two thousand one for energy drinks to really 615 00:40:36,000 --> 00:40:42,840 Speaker 1: take off in the US, and then more intrigue, intrigue, 616 00:40:43,239 --> 00:40:46,440 Speaker 1: all kinds of intrigue. In two thousand and six, FBI 617 00:40:46,520 --> 00:40:50,600 Speaker 1: agents in Atlanta, Georgia, they caught two ex Coke employees 618 00:40:50,600 --> 00:40:54,520 Speaker 1: and an accomplice attempting to steal and sell coke trade 619 00:40:54,600 --> 00:40:57,800 Speaker 1: secrets to rival Pepsi for one point five million dollars. 620 00:40:59,040 --> 00:41:02,279 Speaker 1: Oh my goodness, an undercover FBI agent met one of 621 00:41:02,280 --> 00:41:05,279 Speaker 1: the perpetrators at the airport in Atlanta trading a box 622 00:41:05,320 --> 00:41:09,520 Speaker 1: of Girl Scout cookies stuffed with thirty thou dollars, you know, 623 00:41:10,080 --> 00:41:13,760 Speaker 1: for an Armoni bag filled with a new product sample 624 00:41:14,200 --> 00:41:18,719 Speaker 1: and confidential documents of Coke's trade secrets. PEPSI reported this 625 00:41:18,760 --> 00:41:21,040 Speaker 1: attempt to Coke because they got a tip on their 626 00:41:21,040 --> 00:41:25,720 Speaker 1: like Tip hotline um and PEPSI said competition can be fierce, 627 00:41:25,840 --> 00:41:28,680 Speaker 1: but it must also be fair and legal, And then 628 00:41:28,760 --> 00:41:31,719 Speaker 1: Coke spokesperson promised that the secret formula was not and 629 00:41:32,000 --> 00:41:34,759 Speaker 1: is not at risk, and well, of course it isn't. 630 00:41:34,800 --> 00:41:36,640 Speaker 1: It'sn't that huge vault at the world of Coke. We 631 00:41:36,680 --> 00:41:39,960 Speaker 1: all know that. So the whole tour is about tell 632 00:41:40,040 --> 00:41:46,239 Speaker 1: me it's not in there. M Meanwhile, in two thousand nine, 633 00:41:46,320 --> 00:41:50,280 Speaker 1: so to Stream brand home carbonation machines became widely available 634 00:41:50,280 --> 00:41:53,800 Speaker 1: in the United States, sparking a fairly huge popularity for 635 00:41:53,920 --> 00:41:57,239 Speaker 1: that end like devices, although this is kind of old 636 00:41:57,239 --> 00:41:59,200 Speaker 1: news to Europe. In other parts of the world, the 637 00:41:59,280 --> 00:42:02,120 Speaker 1: company was act really established in nineteen o three by 638 00:42:02,160 --> 00:42:05,080 Speaker 1: a London gin distiller and had been marketing to home 639 00:42:05,080 --> 00:42:09,040 Speaker 1: consumers since nine. If you're interested in this kind of thing, 640 00:42:09,480 --> 00:42:11,440 Speaker 1: but don't want to go buy one. There's also a 641 00:42:11,440 --> 00:42:14,720 Speaker 1: couple of d I Y instruction manuals kicking around online 642 00:42:14,719 --> 00:42:17,479 Speaker 1: for creating your own carbonation set up at home, which 643 00:42:17,520 --> 00:42:19,879 Speaker 1: is a little bit more dangerous but also a bunch 644 00:42:19,880 --> 00:42:23,480 Speaker 1: of cheaper and more flexible if you want to really 645 00:42:23,680 --> 00:42:27,799 Speaker 1: get extra carbonation into your carbonated water drinks, So way 646 00:42:27,800 --> 00:42:32,399 Speaker 1: out your options there. Proceed with caution. Yes. In the 647 00:42:32,480 --> 00:42:36,719 Speaker 1: twenty teens, pushback against sugars negative health effects has led 648 00:42:36,760 --> 00:42:40,399 Speaker 1: to lots of proposed regulations against soda and a few 649 00:42:40,440 --> 00:42:44,960 Speaker 1: that actually passed. In Philadelphia became the first major American 650 00:42:45,000 --> 00:42:47,920 Speaker 1: city to pass an anti soda tax. It adds a 651 00:42:47,960 --> 00:42:49,880 Speaker 1: little over sent per ounce, like a cent and a 652 00:42:49,920 --> 00:42:52,440 Speaker 1: half per ounce of tax to every ounce of soda 653 00:42:52,680 --> 00:42:56,640 Speaker 1: that is sold. In France, Hungary and Mexico they've got 654 00:42:56,680 --> 00:43:01,360 Speaker 1: similar taxes, and the UK taxes soda maker directly based 655 00:43:01,360 --> 00:43:04,279 Speaker 1: on the sugar content of their products. Not all of 656 00:43:04,320 --> 00:43:07,440 Speaker 1: these efforts have been as successful as was hoped. It 657 00:43:07,719 --> 00:43:10,759 Speaker 1: does seem that smaller consumer taxes don't really do much 658 00:43:10,760 --> 00:43:14,160 Speaker 1: good because soda sellers just absorb the cost rather than 659 00:43:14,160 --> 00:43:17,120 Speaker 1: pass to get onto their customers. But some of them 660 00:43:17,160 --> 00:43:20,160 Speaker 1: have been have been relatively effective. The Mexican tax is 661 00:43:20,160 --> 00:43:23,120 Speaker 1: pretty high. It's done pretty well, and that UK one, 662 00:43:23,360 --> 00:43:26,719 Speaker 1: I think is is doing sort of okay. Also, over 663 00:43:26,719 --> 00:43:29,360 Speaker 1: the past ten years or so, the craft cocktail movement, 664 00:43:29,680 --> 00:43:32,719 Speaker 1: along with that pushback against big soda, has created a 665 00:43:32,760 --> 00:43:36,520 Speaker 1: space for handmade sodas to become popular again and classic 666 00:43:36,560 --> 00:43:39,880 Speaker 1: soda ingredients to like, For example, ascid phosphate, which is 667 00:43:39,920 --> 00:43:44,040 Speaker 1: this partially neutralized acid plus mineral salt combination that was 668 00:43:44,320 --> 00:43:47,800 Speaker 1: originally used as a cheaper and less perishable substitute for 669 00:43:47,880 --> 00:43:51,360 Speaker 1: lemon and lime juices because it's sour, but with a twist. 670 00:43:52,520 --> 00:43:57,720 Speaker 1: Oh uh, it's it's a pure tingly kind of sour, 671 00:43:58,000 --> 00:44:00,680 Speaker 1: unlike citrus, which has of course lots of their flavor 672 00:44:00,719 --> 00:44:05,040 Speaker 1: compounds involved. A related compound, phosphoric acid, is a component 673 00:44:05,080 --> 00:44:07,920 Speaker 1: of lots of commercial sodas, but acid phosphate can now 674 00:44:08,120 --> 00:44:13,239 Speaker 1: be found again behind some bars where it belongs. That 675 00:44:13,400 --> 00:44:17,160 Speaker 1: was our history and some modern stuff segment um. And 676 00:44:17,239 --> 00:44:19,399 Speaker 1: so now I get some science for you, A little 677 00:44:19,400 --> 00:44:21,080 Speaker 1: bit of health, A little bit, yeah, a couple of 678 00:44:21,200 --> 00:44:25,040 Speaker 1: extra little science. Carbon dioxide sort of facts around here. 679 00:44:25,280 --> 00:44:30,440 Speaker 1: So um, okay, okay, the foam. The foam of soda. Yeah, 680 00:44:30,600 --> 00:44:35,080 Speaker 1: the fizz soda foams up around scoops of ice cream, mints, 681 00:44:35,120 --> 00:44:38,240 Speaker 1: and basically anything else that you drop into a glass 682 00:44:38,320 --> 00:44:41,400 Speaker 1: or a bottle. Because of the way that carbon dioxide 683 00:44:41,440 --> 00:44:45,600 Speaker 1: bubbles make their exit from the liquid, the bubbles in 684 00:44:45,600 --> 00:44:50,000 Speaker 1: carbonated beverages form or seed off of tiny ridges in 685 00:44:50,040 --> 00:44:52,799 Speaker 1: the container holding them. You might have observed this in 686 00:44:52,880 --> 00:44:55,359 Speaker 1: a champagne flute or beer glass, or when you drop 687 00:44:55,400 --> 00:44:57,839 Speaker 1: a sugar cube into a cocktail that contains soda water, 688 00:44:58,280 --> 00:45:01,040 Speaker 1: or in a glass of soda that has crushed ice 689 00:45:01,280 --> 00:45:05,399 Speaker 1: or a straw. The bubbles form at particular points where 690 00:45:05,400 --> 00:45:08,560 Speaker 1: the micro structures of the surfaces that are you know, 691 00:45:08,640 --> 00:45:10,520 Speaker 1: hanging out in the liquid are a little bit rough. 692 00:45:11,600 --> 00:45:14,560 Speaker 1: Stuff like ice cream and mints and sugar cubes are 693 00:45:14,600 --> 00:45:18,759 Speaker 1: made up of these incredibly complex, very pointy micro structures 694 00:45:18,920 --> 00:45:20,920 Speaker 1: that give bubbles just a hell of a chances to 695 00:45:21,000 --> 00:45:26,280 Speaker 1: form and so form and foam they do. Also. Quick 696 00:45:26,520 --> 00:45:28,520 Speaker 1: health note this. This came up on my Facebook feed 697 00:45:28,560 --> 00:45:32,239 Speaker 1: one time and in a question is carbonated water just 698 00:45:32,360 --> 00:45:37,319 Speaker 1: as good for you as regular water? Is it? Yeah? Basically, I, 699 00:45:37,440 --> 00:45:40,840 Speaker 1: despite being slightly more acidic than most still water is 700 00:45:41,160 --> 00:45:45,120 Speaker 1: carbonated water hydrates you similarly enough to not make any 701 00:45:45,200 --> 00:45:48,480 Speaker 1: kind of a difference. So if sparkling water encourages you 702 00:45:48,520 --> 00:45:51,200 Speaker 1: to hydrate more than still water does, go for it. 703 00:45:52,200 --> 00:45:55,640 Speaker 1: Unless you're trying to avoid or cure a urinary tract 704 00:45:55,640 --> 00:45:58,800 Speaker 1: infection or ulcers, or any other condition in which you 705 00:45:58,800 --> 00:46:02,200 Speaker 1: should avoid any extra acid in your diet. Other than that, 706 00:46:02,480 --> 00:46:06,640 Speaker 1: if you like it, drink it excellent. Yeah, I have to, 707 00:46:07,160 --> 00:46:11,000 Speaker 1: I have to admit that I am. I don't miss 708 00:46:11,200 --> 00:46:15,439 Speaker 1: giving up soda stop drinks too often, but sometimes every 709 00:46:15,440 --> 00:46:18,319 Speaker 1: now and then I have like a dream about that 710 00:46:18,400 --> 00:46:22,680 Speaker 1: first sip. Oh, I know, all I really want is 711 00:46:22,719 --> 00:46:24,719 Speaker 1: the first sip. I'm so strange. And then after that, 712 00:46:24,760 --> 00:46:30,480 Speaker 1: I'm like, oh, someone else take this. There's just taking 713 00:46:30,480 --> 00:46:34,080 Speaker 1: out all over. Yeah. I love that all of the uh, 714 00:46:34,360 --> 00:46:37,719 Speaker 1: non sweetened carbonated waters have been coming out lately with 715 00:46:37,760 --> 00:46:40,600 Speaker 1: all kinds of weird different flavors. I find those lovely. 716 00:46:41,440 --> 00:46:46,719 Speaker 1: And yeah, I'm convinced that that that that McDonald's coke 717 00:46:47,640 --> 00:46:49,920 Speaker 1: really does. I don't know, like that that's like like 718 00:46:50,000 --> 00:46:52,560 Speaker 1: fat from the fryer or something like that gets into 719 00:46:52,600 --> 00:46:54,840 Speaker 1: it and just changes it's It's so much better in 720 00:46:54,960 --> 00:46:57,719 Speaker 1: McDonald's than it is anywhere else. Well, that's why I 721 00:46:57,800 --> 00:47:01,240 Speaker 1: really want to come back to food to tie ups, 722 00:47:01,239 --> 00:47:05,040 Speaker 1: like because McDonald's is one of the reasons McDonald's and 723 00:47:05,080 --> 00:47:07,560 Speaker 1: cope their partnership. That's one of the reasons we have 724 00:47:07,719 --> 00:47:11,399 Speaker 1: these like huge drinks, and so I'm just intrigued to 725 00:47:11,480 --> 00:47:15,080 Speaker 1: kind of look into that. Um. This this episode had 726 00:47:15,200 --> 00:47:22,000 Speaker 1: so many like offshoots in science, just innovations and history 727 00:47:22,040 --> 00:47:25,680 Speaker 1: of famous people bopping up everywhere. Oh yeah, I and 728 00:47:25,719 --> 00:47:27,839 Speaker 1: I kept I feel a little bit bad. I feel 729 00:47:27,840 --> 00:47:30,680 Speaker 1: like I didn't do any of the machinery enough justice. 730 00:47:30,760 --> 00:47:32,480 Speaker 1: I don't know, maybe we need to like do a 731 00:47:32,520 --> 00:47:34,880 Speaker 1: crossover with tech stuff or something like that. And so 732 00:47:35,040 --> 00:47:39,080 Speaker 1: that good soda machinery in there, because it's really fascinating, 733 00:47:39,200 --> 00:47:43,240 Speaker 1: it really is, and very intricate. There's so many patents 734 00:47:43,239 --> 00:47:48,960 Speaker 1: and they're all really beautiful. That brings us to the 735 00:47:49,120 --> 00:47:53,000 Speaker 1: end of this classic episode. We hope that you enjoyed. 736 00:47:53,920 --> 00:47:58,520 Speaker 1: It was quite a beast, as you say, Lauren. Um. Yeah, 737 00:47:58,680 --> 00:48:01,880 Speaker 1: as Lauren knows, I have acquired through no choice of 738 00:48:01,920 --> 00:48:06,920 Speaker 1: my own, to Dr Pepper's and they're in my fridge 739 00:48:06,920 --> 00:48:09,160 Speaker 1: and they taught me every time I opened it because 740 00:48:09,160 --> 00:48:10,960 Speaker 1: I'm unwilling to get rid of them unless i can 741 00:48:11,000 --> 00:48:13,920 Speaker 1: find a home for them. Yeah, I'm unwilling to waste them, 742 00:48:13,920 --> 00:48:17,600 Speaker 1: but I don't want them in my home. Yeah. There's 743 00:48:17,600 --> 00:48:20,319 Speaker 1: also frightened there that somebody loved. I'm not as mad 744 00:48:20,360 --> 00:48:23,640 Speaker 1: about that. But you're not gonna drink it. You're just 745 00:48:23,680 --> 00:48:27,800 Speaker 1: not angry. Yeah. Yeah, Well that that that sponsorship with 746 00:48:27,920 --> 00:48:31,560 Speaker 1: Dr Pepper happened. Um, and they were kind. They were 747 00:48:31,640 --> 00:48:36,160 Speaker 1: kind enough to send us some product. Um. I have 748 00:48:36,280 --> 00:48:40,880 Speaker 1: to say I enjoyed mine. Uh. I promised the second 749 00:48:40,880 --> 00:48:44,719 Speaker 1: bottle to my friend Cody, who who had done all 750 00:48:44,760 --> 00:48:47,719 Speaker 1: of that that research leg work for us for the 751 00:48:47,719 --> 00:48:52,640 Speaker 1: Pokemon episode. I promised. I promised them one of those 752 00:48:52,680 --> 00:48:56,000 Speaker 1: two bottles um as as as a thank you, and 753 00:48:56,040 --> 00:49:00,799 Speaker 1: I keep forgetting to give it to them. Um oh 754 00:49:01,640 --> 00:49:09,600 Speaker 1: two more their name on it. If they yeah, send 755 00:49:09,600 --> 00:49:12,040 Speaker 1: it my way, well, well I'll figure out places to 756 00:49:12,080 --> 00:49:17,319 Speaker 1: put it. Just get a package of Dr Pepper's sad 757 00:49:17,360 --> 00:49:19,640 Speaker 1: face on Anyway, this has turned into a lot of 758 00:49:19,680 --> 00:49:23,880 Speaker 1: like we like these products and not be so we 759 00:49:24,040 --> 00:49:29,719 Speaker 1: better get out of here. People angry. Yes, if you 760 00:49:29,760 --> 00:49:32,600 Speaker 1: would like to email us, you can or email us 761 00:49:32,600 --> 00:49:35,959 Speaker 1: Hello at savor pod dot com. You can also find 762 00:49:36,040 --> 00:49:39,719 Speaker 1: us on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram at saver pod and 763 00:49:39,800 --> 00:49:42,360 Speaker 1: we do hope to hear from you. Saber is a 764 00:49:42,360 --> 00:49:45,320 Speaker 1: production of I Heart Radio. For more podcasts my heart Radio, 765 00:49:45,360 --> 00:49:47,839 Speaker 1: you can visit the I heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, 766 00:49:47,960 --> 00:49:50,880 Speaker 1: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows. Thanks as 767 00:49:50,880 --> 00:49:53,880 Speaker 1: always to our super producers Dylan Fagin and Andrew Howard. 768 00:49:54,120 --> 00:49:55,960 Speaker 1: Thanks to you for listening, and we hope that lots 769 00:49:56,000 --> 00:49:57,439 Speaker 1: more good things are coming your way.