1
00:00:07,000 --> 00:00:10,720
Speaker 1: Welcome to Creature future production of iHeartRadio. I'm your host

2
00:00:10,760 --> 00:00:15,400
Speaker 1: of Mini Parasites, Katie Golden. I studied psychology and evolutionary biology,

3
00:00:15,400 --> 00:00:20,960
Speaker 1: and today on the show Screaming Yeah, Animals that scream,

4
00:00:21,160 --> 00:00:25,479
Speaker 1: Animals that's sing, Animals that scream an sing from the

5
00:00:25,680 --> 00:00:29,680
Speaker 1: teeniest tiniest screams to some of the loudest owls in

6
00:00:29,720 --> 00:00:33,120
Speaker 1: the animal kingdom. Discover this some more as we answer

7
00:00:33,120 --> 00:00:36,120
Speaker 1: the age old question how much would you pay for

8
00:00:36,400 --> 00:00:40,760
Speaker 1: your own personal security system? Would you pay them in blood?

9
00:00:41,360 --> 00:00:45,160
Speaker 1: Joining me today is friend of the Pod, co host

10
00:00:45,200 --> 00:00:49,200
Speaker 1: of George Center and Lower after Hours, Will Pull aka

11
00:00:49,479 --> 00:00:50,960
Speaker 1: Christy Ever got you mean?

12
00:00:51,600 --> 00:00:54,800
Speaker 2: Welcome? Thank you for having me again, Katie. I think

13
00:00:54,800 --> 00:00:57,120
Speaker 2: this is my third time on here. I'm a three peter.

14
00:00:57,440 --> 00:00:58,800
Speaker 2: I'm super excited.

15
00:00:58,880 --> 00:01:02,760
Speaker 1: That's right. Should be receiving in the male of fruit basket?

16
00:01:03,200 --> 00:01:07,600
Speaker 2: Oh good, yeah? Good? Now what kind of fruit should

17
00:01:07,600 --> 00:01:12,880
Speaker 2: I expect? Well, you know, citing like a tally up

18
00:01:13,080 --> 00:01:14,759
Speaker 2: a pineapple. Okay, I just.

19
00:01:14,680 --> 00:01:17,480
Speaker 1: Get an apple, a regular apple. It's actually about just

20
00:01:17,480 --> 00:01:19,560
Speaker 1: an apple, an apple in it?

21
00:01:19,600 --> 00:01:21,560
Speaker 2: Is there an actual basket or are you just mailing

22
00:01:21,640 --> 00:01:23,520
Speaker 2: me a single apple with a stamp on it?

23
00:01:23,520 --> 00:01:27,039
Speaker 1: It's it's an apple wrapped in an appkin. Okay, and

24
00:01:27,080 --> 00:01:29,119
Speaker 1: then once you get to five yeah, once you get

25
00:01:29,120 --> 00:01:33,840
Speaker 1: to five episodes, it'll be an apple tied to a banana.

26
00:01:33,000 --> 00:01:36,840
Speaker 2: Tied to a banana? How okay? All right? I was

27
00:01:36,840 --> 00:01:38,800
Speaker 2: curious how you were going to fasten it. That seems

28
00:01:38,800 --> 00:01:41,560
Speaker 2: difficult and I don't think that's going to survive the postage,

29
00:01:41,600 --> 00:01:43,600
Speaker 2: but I appreciate your effort.

30
00:01:43,760 --> 00:01:47,559
Speaker 1: And uh, ten episodes in, I'll thrown thrown a handful

31
00:01:47,600 --> 00:01:50,160
Speaker 1: of grapes. So get excited.

32
00:01:50,360 --> 00:01:53,320
Speaker 2: I cannot. I cannot wait for for the rotten fruit

33
00:01:53,360 --> 00:01:56,720
Speaker 2: to show up in the mailbox. So excited for this.

34
00:01:57,320 --> 00:02:01,640
Speaker 1: So did you know that animals screw sometimes?

35
00:02:02,120 --> 00:02:05,920
Speaker 2: So the when I think of animals screaming. We used

36
00:02:05,960 --> 00:02:10,639
Speaker 2: to have a pet, pot belly pig, and when I

37
00:02:10,680 --> 00:02:13,680
Speaker 2: would try to get his name was Spud. And whenever

38
00:02:13,760 --> 00:02:16,359
Speaker 2: I would try to get Spud to cooperate with me,

39
00:02:16,440 --> 00:02:20,280
Speaker 2: whenever I'd have to pick him up, that little dude,

40
00:02:21,240 --> 00:02:25,959
Speaker 2: it's the wildest, most blood curdling scream you have ever heard.

41
00:02:26,360 --> 00:02:28,680
Speaker 2: I don't know if your listeners are familiar with the

42
00:02:28,760 --> 00:02:31,840
Speaker 2: sound like a pig makes, or just how loud they

43
00:02:31,919 --> 00:02:36,079
Speaker 2: can get but it's it's incredible, and the first time

44
00:02:36,120 --> 00:02:40,280
Speaker 2: it happened, it startled me so so much like it uh,

45
00:02:40,560 --> 00:02:43,320
Speaker 2: it completely uh catches you off guard.

46
00:02:43,680 --> 00:02:48,760
Speaker 1: I feel like pig screams too, are uncannily humanoid in

47
00:02:48,800 --> 00:02:51,799
Speaker 1: a way that's really it's you can distinguish it from

48
00:02:51,800 --> 00:02:56,120
Speaker 1: a human scream, but there's a definitely a humanoid aspect

49
00:02:56,120 --> 00:02:57,919
Speaker 1: to it that's very unsettling.

50
00:02:58,360 --> 00:03:01,840
Speaker 2: I agree. I agree. Similar to those goats, the compilations

51
00:03:01,919 --> 00:03:06,600
Speaker 2: yea oats that scream. Some of my favorite videos are

52
00:03:06,639 --> 00:03:11,480
Speaker 2: when people take like metal songs or heavy music and

53
00:03:11,520 --> 00:03:14,760
Speaker 2: then they put the goat screams as the tracks to it.

54
00:03:14,760 --> 00:03:15,440
Speaker 2: It's so good.

55
00:03:15,560 --> 00:03:19,079
Speaker 1: There's one the let the Bodies hit the floor, Let

56
00:03:19,120 --> 00:03:22,600
Speaker 1: the bodies hit the floor with animals sounds, and they've

57
00:03:22,600 --> 00:03:27,120
Speaker 1: got like a screaming kackatoo a goat in there, kucka burrah.

58
00:03:27,120 --> 00:03:29,000
Speaker 1: It's really good. I love it. It's one of my

59
00:03:29,120 --> 00:03:31,119
Speaker 1: favorite videos.

60
00:03:31,120 --> 00:03:34,560
Speaker 2: Fantastic I've heard. I think the one that comes to

61
00:03:34,639 --> 00:03:37,280
Speaker 2: mind as I think there's a system of a down

62
00:03:37,520 --> 00:03:41,040
Speaker 2: mashup with like the song Chop Suey and yeah, the

63
00:03:41,080 --> 00:03:41,800
Speaker 2: screaming goats.

64
00:03:41,800 --> 00:03:44,640
Speaker 1: That's really good. Yeah, No, that's that's incredible. I love that.

65
00:03:47,080 --> 00:03:49,040
Speaker 1: So yeah, I mean, like, there are a lot of animals.

66
00:03:49,080 --> 00:03:52,280
Speaker 1: We know that they can make loud sounds, sometimes they

67
00:03:52,280 --> 00:03:58,000
Speaker 1: can scream. But I think something that is is potentially

68
00:03:58,040 --> 00:04:01,600
Speaker 1: surprising to people is that in sex can also scream.

69
00:04:02,120 --> 00:04:06,600
Speaker 1: In fact, bees can scream for help, which is cute

70
00:04:06,720 --> 00:04:07,600
Speaker 1: and terrifying.

71
00:04:08,880 --> 00:04:13,120
Speaker 2: It is it is, and I imagine these screams are

72
00:04:13,120 --> 00:04:14,560
Speaker 2: inaudible to the human ear.

73
00:04:15,040 --> 00:04:21,360
Speaker 1: That's not necessarily true. So remember the Asian murder hornets

74
00:04:21,360 --> 00:04:23,839
Speaker 1: that we were freaking out about, I think kind of

75
00:04:24,440 --> 00:04:26,800
Speaker 1: near the beginning of the pandemic. So we got a

76
00:04:26,839 --> 00:04:29,960
Speaker 1: little bit sidetracked there, but.

77
00:04:29,920 --> 00:04:34,080
Speaker 2: Absolutely the the the uh man, what a pleasant thought

78
00:04:34,279 --> 00:04:37,560
Speaker 2: like that that the murder hornets were back before the

79
00:04:37,560 --> 00:04:42,159
Speaker 2: world completely had gone Yeah. That that that's a that's

80
00:04:42,160 --> 00:04:44,159
Speaker 2: a that's almost like a nice thing to reminisce on.

81
00:04:44,240 --> 00:04:46,520
Speaker 1: Now. Yeah, we were like, oh, we gotta worry about

82
00:04:46,560 --> 00:04:51,440
Speaker 1: these giant bees and then oops, no, that wasn't it. No, No,

83
00:04:51,720 --> 00:04:56,400
Speaker 1: we were ye, but yeah, so so there was some uh,

84
00:04:56,760 --> 00:04:59,560
Speaker 1: some worry and still some worry about them because they

85
00:04:59,560 --> 00:05:02,720
Speaker 1: were found in North America and our North American bees

86
00:05:02,760 --> 00:05:07,600
Speaker 1: are woefully unprepared for the presence of these giant hornets

87
00:05:07,680 --> 00:05:12,200
Speaker 1: because they are very adept at murdering and ripping a

88
00:05:12,320 --> 00:05:17,200
Speaker 1: bee colony to shreds, to literal shreds. They dismember the

89
00:05:17,240 --> 00:05:21,560
Speaker 1: bodies of these poor little honeybees. But of course these

90
00:05:21,600 --> 00:05:26,440
Speaker 1: are invasive species, and when you go to their native

91
00:05:26,800 --> 00:05:31,839
Speaker 1: territory in Asian countries, Asian honey bees have actually evolved

92
00:05:32,200 --> 00:05:37,920
Speaker 1: a number of coping strategies for dealing with these giant

93
00:05:38,080 --> 00:05:43,359
Speaker 1: murder hornets. So one of these strategies is a honey

94
00:05:43,520 --> 00:05:49,560
Speaker 1: curdling scream. So obviously you may have an image of

95
00:05:49,720 --> 00:05:54,000
Speaker 1: like b movie Jerry Seinfeld screaming into the camera with

96
00:05:54,080 --> 00:05:57,919
Speaker 1: his weird little cgi bee teeth, which I hate so much.

97
00:05:58,480 --> 00:05:59,960
Speaker 2: What's with all these murders?

98
00:06:01,680 --> 00:06:08,320
Speaker 1: You murdy my whole my whole family. What's that you're

99
00:06:08,440 --> 00:06:10,440
Speaker 1: digesting my body parts?

100
00:06:10,880 --> 00:06:13,720
Speaker 2: Okay, you do a much better Jerry Seinfeld impression than

101
00:06:13,760 --> 00:06:17,120
Speaker 2: I do. And by buy better, I mean it's terrible.

102
00:06:17,320 --> 00:06:21,360
Speaker 1: Yeah, it's bad. Good, it's bad. Don't worry. Uh, it's

103
00:06:21,440 --> 00:06:22,000
Speaker 1: gonna be bad.

104
00:06:22,120 --> 00:06:24,960
Speaker 2: That's what makes it so good, That's what makes it good.

105
00:06:25,480 --> 00:06:29,320
Speaker 1: So don't worry. Though, beads do not scream with their mouths.

106
00:06:29,560 --> 00:06:31,279
Speaker 1: They actually scream with their butts.

107
00:06:32,440 --> 00:06:35,000
Speaker 2: We's somehow I knew it was gonna be the butt,

108
00:06:35,040 --> 00:06:36,960
Speaker 2: and it still surprised me when you say.

109
00:06:36,720 --> 00:06:39,320
Speaker 1: Yeah, it's always the butt, isn't it.

110
00:06:39,320 --> 00:06:43,040
Speaker 2: It is it with insects. Yes, everything happens with the butt.

111
00:06:42,920 --> 00:06:47,839
Speaker 1: Everything, everything, all the time. You know that sign in

112
00:06:47,880 --> 00:06:51,080
Speaker 1: that Japanese amusement park that went viral like a couple

113
00:06:51,080 --> 00:06:53,600
Speaker 1: of years ago where it was like, please scream inside

114
00:06:53,640 --> 00:06:56,520
Speaker 1: your heart because it was at the beginning of the

115
00:06:56,520 --> 00:07:00,400
Speaker 1: pandemic and it was like they didn't want people to

116
00:07:00,440 --> 00:07:03,400
Speaker 1: scream and release a bunch of saliva everywhere, so it

117
00:07:03,480 --> 00:07:06,360
Speaker 1: was please scream inside of your heart to write while

118
00:07:06,360 --> 00:07:07,599
Speaker 1: writing this roller coaster.

119
00:07:08,839 --> 00:07:12,800
Speaker 2: I missed that somehow, But that's such a beautiful and

120
00:07:12,920 --> 00:07:17,080
Speaker 2: poetic like I feel like a lot of people are

121
00:07:17,120 --> 00:07:21,160
Speaker 2: screaming inside of their heart at all times these days. Yeah, absolutely,

122
00:07:22,640 --> 00:07:23,600
Speaker 2: evergreen sign.

123
00:07:23,920 --> 00:07:27,600
Speaker 1: Yes for the bees, it's actually please scream with your butt.

124
00:07:27,920 --> 00:07:31,840
Speaker 1: So they point their posteriors in the air and beat

125
00:07:31,920 --> 00:07:36,600
Speaker 1: their wings against their abdomen while running. So it's like

126
00:07:37,440 --> 00:07:40,760
Speaker 1: if you were terrified, you like pointed your butt in

127
00:07:40,800 --> 00:07:44,280
Speaker 1: the air and started slapping your thighs and then screaming

128
00:07:44,320 --> 00:07:45,000
Speaker 1: as you ran.

129
00:07:46,240 --> 00:07:49,480
Speaker 2: Damn. Okay, so I was picturing an ace ventura moment

130
00:07:51,600 --> 00:07:54,640
Speaker 2: where the bee is bent over, like spreading the butt

131
00:07:55,320 --> 00:08:01,600
Speaker 2: and talking out of its butt. So not an ace ventura, no.

132
00:08:00,600 --> 00:08:03,800
Speaker 1: No, more like you're running with your butt in the

133
00:08:03,840 --> 00:08:07,200
Speaker 1: air while you're slapping it, and your slaps are so

134
00:08:07,440 --> 00:08:12,320
Speaker 1: loud they sound like a scream. So yeah, So this

135
00:08:12,680 --> 00:08:15,040
Speaker 1: causes a high pitched shrieking sound.

136
00:08:15,760 --> 00:08:15,960
Speaker 2: You know.

137
00:08:16,000 --> 00:08:21,440
Speaker 1: It's similar to how stridulation and other insects like crickets,

138
00:08:21,520 --> 00:08:25,400
Speaker 1: will stridulate by rubbing things against their abdomen. For the bees,

139
00:08:25,440 --> 00:08:28,400
Speaker 1: it's the beating of the wings against their abdomen that

140
00:08:28,600 --> 00:08:31,600
Speaker 1: creates this percussive sound that is at such a high

141
00:08:31,640 --> 00:08:36,640
Speaker 1: frequency it sounds like a scream, and it alerts other

142
00:08:36,720 --> 00:08:41,280
Speaker 1: Asian honey bees to the presence of a giant hornet.

143
00:08:41,920 --> 00:08:45,960
Speaker 1: It's also used to warn its comrades of other types

144
00:08:46,000 --> 00:08:50,360
Speaker 1: of hornets, like the Vespa sore hornet, which is another

145
00:08:50,520 --> 00:08:53,920
Speaker 1: large hornet who is very similar to the giant hornet,

146
00:08:54,360 --> 00:08:57,640
Speaker 1: also hunts and packs and attacks beehives. So they've got

147
00:08:57,720 --> 00:09:03,320
Speaker 1: a few hornet species to worry about, these poor honey bees.

148
00:09:03,760 --> 00:09:08,320
Speaker 1: But the most unsettling thing about this scream is how

149
00:09:08,520 --> 00:09:13,720
Speaker 1: eerily human like it sounds. So researcher doctor Heather Medela

150
00:09:14,280 --> 00:09:16,920
Speaker 1: said to The New York Times quote, I would get

151
00:09:17,000 --> 00:09:19,680
Speaker 1: chills and start to worry about them. Even though the

152
00:09:19,720 --> 00:09:22,960
Speaker 1: recordings are from years ago and the bees are long dead.

153
00:09:23,080 --> 00:09:26,680
Speaker 1: There's something very human and recognizable in the sounds.

154
00:09:27,320 --> 00:09:29,439
Speaker 2: So that's spooky.

155
00:09:29,760 --> 00:09:33,200
Speaker 1: Yeah. Unfortunately, I looked. I tried to find audio of

156
00:09:33,280 --> 00:09:36,120
Speaker 1: the bee screams. I couldn't find it. I'll keep looking

157
00:09:36,720 --> 00:09:39,640
Speaker 1: and if I find it, I will definitely share with

158
00:09:39,720 --> 00:09:42,840
Speaker 1: you guys, but it'll too Yeah.

159
00:09:42,920 --> 00:09:47,160
Speaker 2: I wonder if you did you happen to learn whether

160
00:09:47,360 --> 00:09:51,240
Speaker 2: the screams were distinct depending on the type of hornet

161
00:09:52,320 --> 00:09:53,360
Speaker 2: attacking the colony.

162
00:09:53,559 --> 00:09:57,040
Speaker 1: That's a really good question. I don't know if there

163
00:09:57,120 --> 00:10:01,160
Speaker 1: are individual screams for this species of hornet, but there's

164
00:10:01,240 --> 00:10:05,840
Speaker 1: definitely an alarm call. I think that means hornet intruder.

165
00:10:06,880 --> 00:10:08,840
Speaker 1: But that's a I mean, that's a really good question.

166
00:10:08,920 --> 00:10:12,319
Speaker 1: I wouldn't be too shocked if they had different kinds

167
00:10:12,320 --> 00:10:15,640
Speaker 1: of sounds for different types of threats, but as far

168
00:10:15,640 --> 00:10:18,840
Speaker 1: as I know, there's sort of one general. Hey, there's

169
00:10:18,880 --> 00:10:21,720
Speaker 1: a hornet it's going to decapitate us. This is bad,

170
00:10:22,080 --> 00:10:26,120
Speaker 1: sort of right, but drumming and.

171
00:10:26,440 --> 00:10:30,520
Speaker 2: Do these honey bees. I've seen video before where bees

172
00:10:30,600 --> 00:10:36,559
Speaker 2: will swarm a hornet, yes, and overheat the hornet basically

173
00:10:36,840 --> 00:10:42,080
Speaker 2: like using their wings to increase their body temperature to

174
00:10:42,120 --> 00:10:43,520
Speaker 2: the point where it can't survive.

175
00:10:44,120 --> 00:10:47,880
Speaker 1: That is absolutely correct. This is the other tactic that

176
00:10:47,920 --> 00:10:51,640
Speaker 1: these Asian honey bees will use. It's a remarkable behavior

177
00:10:51,720 --> 00:10:54,920
Speaker 1: because they will cover the hornet and just like they

178
00:10:55,240 --> 00:10:57,880
Speaker 1: just like you said, they will actually boil it alive.

179
00:10:58,000 --> 00:11:02,040
Speaker 1: And they do that by vibe rating their abdomens, which

180
00:11:02,160 --> 00:11:05,760
Speaker 1: generates this friction in a high enough temperature to cook

181
00:11:05,800 --> 00:11:09,640
Speaker 1: the hornet in the middle of their tactical wash pit.

182
00:11:10,280 --> 00:11:14,400
Speaker 1: And they also by forming that ball I think they

183
00:11:14,640 --> 00:11:19,240
Speaker 1: increase CO two levels, which also basically, if the boiling

184
00:11:19,280 --> 00:11:23,559
Speaker 1: doesn't kill them, they suffocate it. And it is incredible.

185
00:11:24,040 --> 00:11:27,960
Speaker 1: They actually have one more fun anti hornet tactic, and

186
00:11:28,000 --> 00:11:32,480
Speaker 1: that is collecting animal dung and spreading it onto the

187
00:11:32,640 --> 00:11:37,440
Speaker 1: entrance of their hive to ward off hornets. And it's

188
00:11:37,760 --> 00:11:42,520
Speaker 1: kind of gross, but it's remarkable because bees are very fastidious.

189
00:11:42,640 --> 00:11:46,000
Speaker 1: They're very clean. They even poop outside of their own

190
00:11:46,080 --> 00:11:48,560
Speaker 1: hives because they want to keep things as clean and

191
00:11:48,600 --> 00:11:52,400
Speaker 1: tidy as possible. They want to protect their delicate larvae

192
00:11:52,440 --> 00:11:56,160
Speaker 1: from pathogens. So the fact that they were bringing poop

193
00:11:56,559 --> 00:12:01,400
Speaker 1: to their hive was really confusing to researchers, seemed very counterintuitive.

194
00:12:01,920 --> 00:12:05,640
Speaker 1: But sure, by placing the animal dung at the entrance,

195
00:12:06,840 --> 00:12:11,840
Speaker 1: it actually wards off these hornets with a foul smell,

196
00:12:12,679 --> 00:12:17,280
Speaker 1: and it's called fecal spotting. And they'll just take basically

197
00:12:17,320 --> 00:12:19,560
Speaker 1: little bits of dung from all sorts of different animals

198
00:12:19,559 --> 00:12:22,640
Speaker 1: and like put it sort of like a just's kind

199
00:12:22,679 --> 00:12:25,760
Speaker 1: of like paint with it, very artistically, like Bob Ross, Like,

200
00:12:25,800 --> 00:12:28,839
Speaker 1: now we wanna we want to put the I want

201
00:12:28,880 --> 00:12:32,040
Speaker 1: to put the bear diarrhea right here. That's some nice

202
00:12:32,080 --> 00:12:36,360
Speaker 1: bear diarrhea that'll really ward off those wasps. And oh

203
00:12:36,400 --> 00:12:39,319
Speaker 1: and here's some here's some bobcat dung. We're gonna put

204
00:12:39,320 --> 00:12:41,920
Speaker 1: the bobcat dung, and it's gonna make this really nice

205
00:12:42,000 --> 00:12:43,839
Speaker 1: kind of fresco.

206
00:12:44,760 --> 00:12:47,840
Speaker 2: Happy happy little logs, happy, happy.

207
00:12:47,559 --> 00:12:49,440
Speaker 1: Little happy little turds.

208
00:12:51,400 --> 00:12:55,320
Speaker 2: Okay, So I'm just I'm just saying I've never thought

209
00:12:55,360 --> 00:12:59,880
Speaker 2: about this as like a security tactic. But if I

210
00:13:00,200 --> 00:13:03,760
Speaker 2: went and collected the dog poop in my backyard and

211
00:13:03,840 --> 00:13:06,439
Speaker 2: smeared it all over the front door of my house.

212
00:13:06,480 --> 00:13:09,560
Speaker 2: I would not have to worry about anything showing up

213
00:13:09,600 --> 00:13:16,520
Speaker 2: on my front porch. That would absolutely not. No one's

214
00:13:16,600 --> 00:13:19,640
Speaker 2: visiting me. I'm not getting any packages also, so that

215
00:13:19,679 --> 00:13:23,120
Speaker 2: would you know, that'd be unfortunate. But also home intruders.

216
00:13:23,160 --> 00:13:25,520
Speaker 2: Nobody is going to break into my house if they

217
00:13:25,840 --> 00:13:27,599
Speaker 2: start to come in or try to pry in the

218
00:13:28,120 --> 00:13:30,679
Speaker 2: front door. You don't need security systems. You don't need

219
00:13:30,720 --> 00:13:36,080
Speaker 2: these ring doorbells or you know, weapons for to protect

220
00:13:36,080 --> 00:13:38,800
Speaker 2: your home. Just smear poop all over your front door

221
00:13:38,880 --> 00:13:41,199
Speaker 2: and the entrance way. By the way, it's brilliant.

222
00:13:41,280 --> 00:13:45,360
Speaker 1: This podcast is sponsored by Pooh Safe, a cheap, alternative

223
00:13:45,360 --> 00:13:48,160
Speaker 1: and eco friendly solution to protecting your home.

224
00:13:51,160 --> 00:13:55,880
Speaker 2: It's absolutely recycle that poop. Get out there, you know,

225
00:13:56,000 --> 00:13:58,319
Speaker 2: collect it from your neighbors will love you if you're

226
00:13:58,360 --> 00:14:02,520
Speaker 2: collecting their dog poop for your protection. Well they it's

227
00:14:02,520 --> 00:14:03,719
Speaker 2: a wind for everybody.

228
00:14:04,080 --> 00:14:07,160
Speaker 1: Well they, I sure love my neighbor who smears my

229
00:14:07,240 --> 00:14:08,520
Speaker 1: dog's poop on their door.

230
00:14:11,320 --> 00:14:13,640
Speaker 2: I I mean, if you know what, like, once it

231
00:14:13,720 --> 00:14:16,640
Speaker 2: leaves my yard, I don't care what happens to it. Necessarily.

232
00:14:17,280 --> 00:14:19,760
Speaker 2: And also I don't have to visit them. No, I

233
00:14:19,760 --> 00:14:23,120
Speaker 2: don't have to to you know, uh, you know, be

234
00:14:23,240 --> 00:14:25,760
Speaker 2: neighborly or anything. I still think it's I think it's

235
00:14:25,760 --> 00:14:30,479
Speaker 2: a net positive or a net positive overall. Should I say.

236
00:14:32,200 --> 00:14:34,880
Speaker 1: Yes? A good way to clear out guests too, Just

237
00:14:34,960 --> 00:14:38,280
Speaker 1: start like, you know, laying down poop on the floor.

238
00:14:38,320 --> 00:14:41,840
Speaker 1: It's like, oh, this is what I do it midnight,

239
00:14:42,040 --> 00:14:46,200
Speaker 1: so you might want to mosey on. This may seem drastic,

240
00:14:46,320 --> 00:14:49,320
Speaker 1: right for the bees to smear poop all over their

241
00:14:49,440 --> 00:14:52,920
Speaker 1: beautiful hive entrance, but if you had to face these

242
00:14:52,960 --> 00:14:56,200
Speaker 1: hornets down, these hornets that are more than three times

243
00:14:56,200 --> 00:14:59,280
Speaker 1: your size, you would probably scream with your butt and

244
00:14:59,320 --> 00:15:03,360
Speaker 1: smear animal hung around too. So just a quick quick

245
00:15:03,640 --> 00:15:07,640
Speaker 1: overview of these hornets. The giant hornets or otherwise known

246
00:15:07,680 --> 00:15:11,120
Speaker 1: as the Asian murder hornets, as well as the vespers

247
00:15:11,320 --> 00:15:14,840
Speaker 1: or hornets, are very formidable foes and they can decimate

248
00:15:14,840 --> 00:15:18,560
Speaker 1: a honeybee colony. Just decapitate a bunch of bees, and

249
00:15:19,240 --> 00:15:24,080
Speaker 1: you know they're rapid berserkers of bees. They will often

250
00:15:24,120 --> 00:15:28,040
Speaker 1: attack impacts and chop up their victims into bite sized

251
00:15:28,080 --> 00:15:31,520
Speaker 1: pieces that they carry back to their hornet hive where

252
00:15:31,520 --> 00:15:34,040
Speaker 1: they feed the body parts to their larvae like they're

253
00:15:34,040 --> 00:15:35,880
Speaker 1: feeding it into a wood chipper.

254
00:15:37,600 --> 00:15:45,000
Speaker 2: So the adults such a brutal description. God, this is horrifying.

255
00:15:45,120 --> 00:15:51,360
Speaker 2: I feel like like that scientists said, she feels horrible.

256
00:15:51,440 --> 00:15:54,840
Speaker 2: She like can can feel the connection listening to those recordings,

257
00:15:55,040 --> 00:15:57,840
Speaker 2: I'm empathizing with these bees right now.

258
00:15:58,120 --> 00:16:01,880
Speaker 1: Yeah, just based on the horror that they go through. Yeah.

259
00:16:01,920 --> 00:16:05,400
Speaker 1: The reason they have this, like using the baby as

260
00:16:05,440 --> 00:16:11,000
Speaker 1: the wood chipper technique is that adult hornets cannot eat

261
00:16:11,200 --> 00:16:15,000
Speaker 1: solid food, you know those that those hourglass figures that

262
00:16:15,040 --> 00:16:17,320
Speaker 1: they have to keep with that very thin waste. Food

263
00:16:17,360 --> 00:16:21,240
Speaker 1: cannot pass through that that is any any thicker than

264
00:16:21,240 --> 00:16:25,040
Speaker 1: a liquid. So the adults chew up the body parts

265
00:16:25,080 --> 00:16:28,800
Speaker 1: and then spit this paste into the larva's mouths, and

266
00:16:28,840 --> 00:16:31,880
Speaker 1: then the larva digest it and create this kind of

267
00:16:31,960 --> 00:16:36,960
Speaker 1: like protein syrup, a protein shake, and then regurgitate that

268
00:16:37,120 --> 00:16:41,640
Speaker 1: for the adults to eat. So you know what a

269
00:16:41,720 --> 00:16:42,480
Speaker 1: cute family.

270
00:16:43,600 --> 00:16:48,080
Speaker 2: Yeah, seriously, I want a sequel to B movie. Yeah,

271
00:16:48,120 --> 00:16:51,320
Speaker 2: but I want it. I want it done like a

272
00:16:51,320 --> 00:16:55,280
Speaker 2: a like in a dramatic, like a drama. Yeah, just

273
00:16:55,360 --> 00:17:01,600
Speaker 2: like a horror like drama style, completely serious, where we

274
00:17:01,640 --> 00:17:04,240
Speaker 2: actually get to see the horrors of what it's like

275
00:17:04,280 --> 00:17:07,840
Speaker 2: to be a bee and fend your family off from

276
00:17:07,880 --> 00:17:08,560
Speaker 2: these wasps.

277
00:17:08,600 --> 00:17:11,760
Speaker 1: I want a remake of Game of Thrones, but it's bees.

278
00:17:12,520 --> 00:17:15,320
Speaker 1: And if you've listened to this podcast before, you know

279
00:17:15,600 --> 00:17:20,080
Speaker 1: that bees and wasps really deal in themselves to Game

280
00:17:20,119 --> 00:17:24,720
Speaker 1: of Thrones style dramatization. I mean, these hornets not only

281
00:17:24,720 --> 00:17:28,679
Speaker 1: attack honeybees, but they even attack other hornet species. They

282
00:17:28,720 --> 00:17:31,560
Speaker 1: even attack their own species, like if there's another hive

283
00:17:31,640 --> 00:17:34,359
Speaker 1: of their own species, sometimes they'll go in and do

284
00:17:34,560 --> 00:17:37,520
Speaker 1: red wedding style, kill everyone, but then also eat them.

285
00:17:37,760 --> 00:17:39,800
Speaker 1: So yeah, okay.

286
00:17:39,520 --> 00:17:41,960
Speaker 2: So they're they're hunting for their dinner.

287
00:17:42,040 --> 00:17:49,919
Speaker 1: I guess, yeah, say, hey, you know sustainable. Yeah. So

288
00:17:50,040 --> 00:17:53,719
Speaker 1: we did just talk about bees screaming with their butts

289
00:17:53,720 --> 00:17:58,679
Speaker 1: and horror before getting murdered in terrible fashion. So I

290
00:17:58,720 --> 00:18:03,120
Speaker 1: thought I'd lighten the moon with some singing lemurs.

291
00:18:03,280 --> 00:18:08,240
Speaker 2: Cool singing mur like okay, so we're talking like Madagascar.

292
00:18:07,560 --> 00:18:12,320
Speaker 1: Saw Yeah exactly. Prince Julian is that that character when

293
00:18:12,359 --> 00:18:15,080
Speaker 1: he thinks? So yeah, I like to move it, move it,

294
00:18:15,200 --> 00:18:19,000
Speaker 1: that whole thing. Yeah. Yes, the early two thousands called

295
00:18:19,040 --> 00:18:23,480
Speaker 1: they want their sort of dated CGI movie back.

296
00:18:26,960 --> 00:18:29,800
Speaker 2: A timely reference on I.

297
00:18:29,760 --> 00:18:34,160
Speaker 1: Love it though, because you're absolutely right that lemurs are

298
00:18:34,600 --> 00:18:37,760
Speaker 1: from Madagascar. So that movie where you see you know,

299
00:18:37,800 --> 00:18:41,680
Speaker 1: you have these many species of lemurs all together. They

300
00:18:41,760 --> 00:18:45,359
Speaker 1: may not do a whole dance number and singing number together,

301
00:18:45,480 --> 00:18:48,480
Speaker 1: but indeed Madagascar is where you will find all of

302
00:18:48,520 --> 00:18:53,679
Speaker 1: the world species of lemurs. And there are many cool,

303
00:18:53,960 --> 00:18:58,240
Speaker 1: awesome species of lemur uh and one of them possibly

304
00:18:58,280 --> 00:19:02,840
Speaker 1: one of the lesser known ones, but a incredible species

305
00:19:02,880 --> 00:19:06,919
Speaker 1: that should be more famous is the injury or Baba Coodo.

306
00:19:07,680 --> 00:19:12,040
Speaker 1: So the Injury is one of the largest lemurs in

307
00:19:12,080 --> 00:19:17,159
Speaker 1: the world, like all lemurs, lives exclusively in Madagascar, and

308
00:19:17,200 --> 00:19:21,320
Speaker 1: they are critically endangered, which is a shame because they

309
00:19:21,359 --> 00:19:27,440
Speaker 1: are absolutely amazing. So these injury weigh up to about

310
00:19:27,680 --> 00:19:31,040
Speaker 1: twenty pounds or nine point five kilograms and grow up

311
00:19:31,040 --> 00:19:34,600
Speaker 1: to about twenty eight inches or seventy two centimeters long,

312
00:19:34,640 --> 00:19:38,800
Speaker 1: so you know, bigger than a cat, maybe a medium

313
00:19:38,840 --> 00:19:43,960
Speaker 1: sized dog. They are adorable. They look like teddy bears.

314
00:19:44,080 --> 00:19:48,080
Speaker 1: They have black and white fur and yellow eyes. Their

315
00:19:48,520 --> 00:19:52,240
Speaker 1: faces have this black, fluffy fur with these tufted black

316
00:19:52,280 --> 00:19:56,560
Speaker 1: ears that look like an extra fluffy teddy bear and

317
00:19:56,600 --> 00:20:00,800
Speaker 1: they have these short, stubby tails, which is very rare.

318
00:20:00,880 --> 00:20:04,120
Speaker 1: In fact, they're the only lemurs that have lost their

319
00:20:04,200 --> 00:20:05,959
Speaker 1: tails to this extent.

320
00:20:06,200 --> 00:20:12,399
Speaker 2: So they look, Oh, that's unfortunate, that's cute. Yeah, I

321
00:20:12,440 --> 00:20:15,639
Speaker 2: guess so. But if I was, if I'm a lemur,

322
00:20:15,840 --> 00:20:18,320
Speaker 2: I want to tail to swing from, like that's one

323
00:20:18,320 --> 00:20:20,679
Speaker 2: of the coolest things about you know, living in a

324
00:20:20,760 --> 00:20:21,879
Speaker 2: tree for that.

325
00:20:21,920 --> 00:20:24,560
Speaker 1: But they don't, as I'll discuss it, or they don't

326
00:20:24,600 --> 00:20:26,800
Speaker 1: really need it. They do live in trees, but they

327
00:20:26,800 --> 00:20:30,960
Speaker 1: don't need their tail, and there's an interesting explanation for that. Actually,

328
00:20:31,040 --> 00:20:35,680
Speaker 1: they are so big that one of the main purposes

329
00:20:35,720 --> 00:20:39,800
Speaker 1: of these tails for lemurs actually isn't to hang from trees. Uh.

330
00:20:40,040 --> 00:20:43,040
Speaker 1: It is for stabilization. And this is true of a

331
00:20:43,080 --> 00:20:46,359
Speaker 1: lot of primate species. It helps them stabilize. It's true

332
00:20:46,400 --> 00:20:51,199
Speaker 1: they can uh. Primates that have prehensile tables, sorry, prehensile

333
00:20:51,320 --> 00:20:54,240
Speaker 1: tails can wrap them around branches to hold on to things,

334
00:20:54,359 --> 00:20:56,960
Speaker 1: or even use them to like grip things like leaves.

335
00:20:57,400 --> 00:21:02,280
Speaker 1: They typically use it to balance their their leaps and

336
00:21:02,320 --> 00:21:06,360
Speaker 1: their jumps and movement, and that's the same thing for lemurs.

337
00:21:06,359 --> 00:21:09,679
Speaker 1: So lemurs like to leap from branch to branch, and

338
00:21:09,720 --> 00:21:12,320
Speaker 1: they will use these tails as sort of almost like

339
00:21:13,320 --> 00:21:17,080
Speaker 1: mid air rudders to help balance them as they glide.

340
00:21:17,600 --> 00:21:20,520
Speaker 1: But the thing is, the bigger you get, the less

341
00:21:20,560 --> 00:21:23,200
Speaker 1: a tail is going to do actually in terms of balance,

342
00:21:23,320 --> 00:21:26,000
Speaker 1: and because the injury is so big, one of the

343
00:21:26,040 --> 00:21:32,160
Speaker 1: biggest lemurs it is, these tails sort of become less useful.

344
00:21:32,280 --> 00:21:35,199
Speaker 1: And there was some research done looking at how like

345
00:21:35,320 --> 00:21:39,840
Speaker 1: tail masks basically no longer if they had a tail,

346
00:21:39,920 --> 00:21:43,440
Speaker 1: it just wouldn't really help them stabilize their leaping.

347
00:21:43,720 --> 00:21:44,760
Speaker 2: So it makes sense.

348
00:21:44,920 --> 00:21:49,520
Speaker 1: Instead they have this cute little stubby tail that I think.

349
00:21:49,400 --> 00:21:51,879
Speaker 2: What, how do you spell that again?

350
00:21:52,240 --> 00:21:56,679
Speaker 1: Injury injury, I in dri or baba koto.

351
00:21:57,280 --> 00:22:02,040
Speaker 2: There we go. Okay, oh my god, he is so cute. Okay,

352
00:22:02,119 --> 00:22:07,560
Speaker 2: I was looking at the wrong time. Wow, you were

353
00:22:07,640 --> 00:22:11,520
Speaker 2: not kidding about the Teddy Bear thing. Like the big

354
00:22:12,040 --> 00:22:15,800
Speaker 2: he's almost got like a Mickey Mouse shaped outline of

355
00:22:15,840 --> 00:22:18,399
Speaker 2: a face and ears. That's absurd.

356
00:22:19,560 --> 00:22:23,960
Speaker 1: Lemurs are so absolutely adorable, like a cartoon Teddy Bear,

357
00:22:24,280 --> 00:22:26,000
Speaker 1: extra fluffy cartoon Teddy Bear.

358
00:22:26,520 --> 00:22:28,880
Speaker 2: Do these things blink? It doesn't look like they can

359
00:22:28,920 --> 00:22:33,200
Speaker 2: blinky blink. Maybe I'm sure they can, but like it's

360
00:22:33,760 --> 00:22:38,000
Speaker 2: the most high on methamphetamines, like the animal in the

361
00:22:38,080 --> 00:22:38,879
Speaker 2: Animal Kingdom.

362
00:22:39,040 --> 00:22:42,760
Speaker 1: It does look like they would win a staring contest

363
00:22:42,880 --> 00:22:46,320
Speaker 1: with you easily, or like you would get one of

364
00:22:46,359 --> 00:22:48,040
Speaker 1: these as a teddy bear and you'd sit it at

365
00:22:48,040 --> 00:22:49,560
Speaker 1: the foot of your bed and wake up in the

366
00:22:49,560 --> 00:22:51,640
Speaker 1: middle of the night and it'd be staring at you.

367
00:22:52,040 --> 00:22:55,600
Speaker 2: It looks like an animatronic, like that's you know, the

368
00:22:55,600 --> 00:23:00,000
Speaker 2: the unblinking eyes of like a you know, showbiz pizza

369
00:23:00,280 --> 00:23:03,560
Speaker 2: or Chuck E cheese or something. It gives off that

370
00:23:03,680 --> 00:23:04,840
Speaker 2: vibe when I look at one.

371
00:23:05,160 --> 00:23:09,080
Speaker 1: Yeah, I see that. I think it's a creepy cute thing.

372
00:23:09,200 --> 00:23:12,480
Speaker 1: Though it's like, yes, yeah, it's the I think it's

373
00:23:12,520 --> 00:23:16,640
Speaker 1: because of the yellow eyes and little pupils. They look

374
00:23:16,840 --> 00:23:22,360
Speaker 1: very alert. So despite maybe looking like a creepy animatronic

375
00:23:22,480 --> 00:23:28,280
Speaker 1: sometimes or a cute animatronic, whatever your opinion, they are,

376
00:23:29,200 --> 00:23:34,240
Speaker 1: their behavior is very cute. So they have little family units.

377
00:23:34,359 --> 00:23:38,240
Speaker 1: They are monogamous and they stay in family groups, and

378
00:23:38,640 --> 00:23:41,400
Speaker 1: they are very playful and like to wrestle for fun,

379
00:23:41,520 --> 00:23:48,520
Speaker 1: especially females. Another wind for feminism, so they are extremely

380
00:23:48,640 --> 00:23:52,359
Speaker 1: difficult to keep in captivity. They actually typically only last

381
00:23:52,480 --> 00:23:55,400
Speaker 1: like a year in captivity, despite the fact that they

382
00:23:55,400 --> 00:23:58,119
Speaker 1: can live up to eighteen years in the wild, and

383
00:23:58,160 --> 00:24:02,439
Speaker 1: this is likely due to their extremely specialized diet that

384
00:24:02,640 --> 00:24:07,120
Speaker 1: is very difficult to replicate. So they only seem to

385
00:24:07,160 --> 00:24:11,040
Speaker 1: eat certain foods at certain times of days, and it's

386
00:24:11,040 --> 00:24:16,879
Speaker 1: a variety of foods, so leaves, seeds, flowers, fruit, and bark.

387
00:24:16,960 --> 00:24:19,480
Speaker 1: But they have this specialized diet where they eat a

388
00:24:19,520 --> 00:24:21,399
Speaker 1: certain thing at a certain time of day and it

389
00:24:21,440 --> 00:24:25,040
Speaker 1: helps them digest it better, which you just cannot replicate

390
00:24:25,160 --> 00:24:26,280
Speaker 1: in captivity.

391
00:24:26,520 --> 00:24:32,080
Speaker 2: Sure, sure, yeah, too stressed out the follow their regimen probably, Yeah,

392
00:24:32,680 --> 00:24:35,199
Speaker 2: you know, being handled by people or being in an

393
00:24:35,320 --> 00:24:39,240
Speaker 2: enclosed environment. Yeah, that's I mean, that's I'm glad that

394
00:24:39,320 --> 00:24:42,880
Speaker 2: they have realized that are these So they these aren't

395
00:24:42,960 --> 00:24:46,800
Speaker 2: really kept. You can't see these anywhere but in the wild, basically.

396
00:24:46,520 --> 00:24:53,840
Speaker 1: Yeah, exactly. So, yeah, and they are one of the

397
00:24:53,840 --> 00:24:58,480
Speaker 1: They are actually the only lemur that communicates through singing,

398
00:24:59,359 --> 00:25:04,760
Speaker 1: and they are very musically talented, so their calls sort

399
00:25:04,800 --> 00:25:10,919
Speaker 1: of sound like airhorn blasts. Not only are these calls loud,

400
00:25:11,080 --> 00:25:16,359
Speaker 1: but they also follow musical patterns. So there was a

401
00:25:16,400 --> 00:25:20,760
Speaker 1: study done at the University of turin Italy that found

402
00:25:20,920 --> 00:25:24,359
Speaker 1: that their calls were used for a number of types

403
00:25:24,400 --> 00:25:28,520
Speaker 1: of communication, to locate family, to establish territory, and to

404
00:25:28,560 --> 00:25:32,359
Speaker 1: do sing offs with neighbors. And it can be either

405
00:25:32,480 --> 00:25:37,400
Speaker 1: to establish a connection between neighbors, to communicate about mating

406
00:25:37,680 --> 00:25:43,840
Speaker 1: or environmental conditions, territory boundaries, or warnings of predators. And

407
00:25:44,240 --> 00:25:49,280
Speaker 1: it is actually interesting in that they seem to follow

408
00:25:49,280 --> 00:25:52,439
Speaker 1: a musical pattern. So I'm gonna have you listen to

409
00:25:53,400 --> 00:26:21,800
Speaker 1: a sample of some of these injuries singing. So this

410
00:26:21,880 --> 00:26:26,000
Speaker 1: is actually, wow, a female singing with her mate and

411
00:26:26,119 --> 00:26:29,479
Speaker 1: her son. So a little family, the von Trapp family

412
00:26:29,640 --> 00:26:30,800
Speaker 1: singing group.

413
00:26:31,520 --> 00:26:35,360
Speaker 2: So was that was that was one uh, like continuous

414
00:26:35,359 --> 00:26:39,399
Speaker 2: song there or or samples from from many.

415
00:26:39,400 --> 00:26:40,800
Speaker 1: Yeah, that's one continuous song.

416
00:26:40,920 --> 00:26:44,920
Speaker 2: Oh cool, okay, okay, you were not kidding about the

417
00:26:44,920 --> 00:26:45,919
Speaker 2: the air hoorn.

418
00:26:47,320 --> 00:26:47,679
Speaker 1: Cow.

419
00:26:48,240 --> 00:26:50,880
Speaker 2: Yeah, it sounds like Jamaican airhorns, like you would hear

420
00:26:50,920 --> 00:26:54,760
Speaker 2: it like, yeah, some reggaetone or something. Yeah, oh my god.

421
00:26:54,880 --> 00:26:57,040
Speaker 2: That's and and it also has like kind of a

422
00:26:57,640 --> 00:27:00,200
Speaker 2: like a humpback whale quality to some of them.

423
00:27:00,400 --> 00:27:03,200
Speaker 1: Yeah yeah, I can hear that. Yeah. And so yeah,

424
00:27:03,240 --> 00:27:07,800
Speaker 1: I mean it's adorable because it's a family singing together, mother,

425
00:27:08,240 --> 00:27:12,000
Speaker 1: father and son. And they often sing in duets, and

426
00:27:12,000 --> 00:27:15,760
Speaker 1: I don't know if you noticed, but they were harmonizing there.

427
00:27:15,880 --> 00:27:17,880
Speaker 1: They would have one singing one tone to the other

428
00:27:17,920 --> 00:27:22,080
Speaker 1: in a slightly different tone, and singing together in these duets.

429
00:27:22,720 --> 00:27:26,080
Speaker 1: And they have very flexible mouths and lips that can

430
00:27:26,240 --> 00:27:28,760
Speaker 1: change the tone of these notes, so they, you know,

431
00:27:28,840 --> 00:27:32,719
Speaker 1: do this like little what and so they can angle

432
00:27:33,040 --> 00:27:35,840
Speaker 1: the tone. I'm not a musician, so I can't.

433
00:27:35,920 --> 00:27:40,680
Speaker 2: Yeah, it's kind of like the the Doppler effect, like, yeah,

434
00:27:40,800 --> 00:27:45,879
Speaker 2: you can stretch and contract the size of the wave

435
00:27:46,280 --> 00:27:49,119
Speaker 2: of the vibration coming out of your mouth, right exactly.

436
00:27:49,280 --> 00:27:50,160
Speaker 2: That's so cool.

437
00:27:50,400 --> 00:27:54,439
Speaker 1: And so researchers have studied these calls and found that

438
00:27:54,520 --> 00:27:58,000
Speaker 1: they like to do them in a specific rhythm, a

439
00:27:58,440 --> 00:28:01,879
Speaker 1: one to two ratio of beat patterns, which is actually

440
00:28:01,880 --> 00:28:04,760
Speaker 1: the same type of beat pattern as found in Queens

441
00:28:04,880 --> 00:28:08,920
Speaker 1: We Will Rock You, so the dun dukay dun dun dun,

442
00:28:09,480 --> 00:28:14,200
Speaker 1: which is kind of interestingly musical. They also drag out

443
00:28:14,280 --> 00:28:17,040
Speaker 1: the final notes of their calls, which is similar to

444
00:28:17,320 --> 00:28:21,080
Speaker 1: in music when you have the retardando at the very end,

445
00:28:21,119 --> 00:28:22,920
Speaker 1: where you kind of like slow down a piece of

446
00:28:23,000 --> 00:28:27,040
Speaker 1: music dramatically. It seems like they do that and have

447
00:28:27,119 --> 00:28:30,040
Speaker 1: this kind of flourish at the end, which is unusual

448
00:28:30,119 --> 00:28:34,720
Speaker 1: for animals who use song to communicate. Typically, an animal

449
00:28:34,760 --> 00:28:36,920
Speaker 1: either sticks to a pattern or they don't. They don't

450
00:28:36,920 --> 00:28:39,960
Speaker 1: often like add little flourishes at the end of their song,

451
00:28:40,000 --> 00:28:44,160
Speaker 1: which is very interesting, especially because Yeah.

452
00:28:44,800 --> 00:28:47,680
Speaker 2: I was just gonna say, have they decoded why they

453
00:28:47,720 --> 00:28:48,000
Speaker 2: do that?

454
00:28:48,680 --> 00:28:52,240
Speaker 1: I don't think so. No, it's not necessarily known why

455
00:28:52,440 --> 00:28:55,240
Speaker 1: they have that slow down at the end of songs.

456
00:28:55,840 --> 00:28:58,360
Speaker 1: They know that they use these songs for a variety

457
00:28:58,600 --> 00:29:02,080
Speaker 1: of communicy cation from anywhere to saying like hey, I'm

458
00:29:02,120 --> 00:29:05,520
Speaker 1: an available mate, to hey this is our territory, or

459
00:29:05,960 --> 00:29:08,800
Speaker 1: even like you know, communication like I'm over here. So

460
00:29:08,920 --> 00:29:11,440
Speaker 1: there could be a purpose to that. I'm not sure

461
00:29:11,560 --> 00:29:13,000
Speaker 1: that it's known yet.

462
00:29:13,880 --> 00:29:16,640
Speaker 2: I'm just going to pretend that it's it's just the

463
00:29:16,880 --> 00:29:20,720
Speaker 2: just artist choice like they're making. They're making a decision

464
00:29:20,760 --> 00:29:27,680
Speaker 2: there and and that's that's their signature style, you know. Ye,

465
00:29:27,800 --> 00:29:30,400
Speaker 2: the way I write a song and I have a

466
00:29:30,400 --> 00:29:34,400
Speaker 2: certain style to it. That's just there. That's their artistic interpretation,

467
00:29:34,600 --> 00:29:36,000
Speaker 2: their their expression coming out.

468
00:29:36,440 --> 00:29:40,560
Speaker 1: I mean, we got our appreciation from music from somewhere

469
00:29:40,600 --> 00:29:43,880
Speaker 1: in our evolutionary history. Now, while we we did not

470
00:29:44,120 --> 00:29:47,400
Speaker 1: evolve from lemurs, they are a primate. They are a

471
00:29:47,440 --> 00:29:50,720
Speaker 1: cousin of ours, a distant cousin, a very distant one.

472
00:29:50,760 --> 00:29:55,800
Speaker 1: But at some point, you know, primates had an appreciation

473
00:29:56,200 --> 00:30:02,680
Speaker 1: for you know, rhythm and sound that became our human

474
00:30:02,680 --> 00:30:06,680
Speaker 1: appreciation for music. So I do find that really interesting

475
00:30:06,720 --> 00:30:10,360
Speaker 1: that we see another primate species, no matter how distantly

476
00:30:10,400 --> 00:30:12,840
Speaker 1: related they are from us. They did branch off at

477
00:30:12,840 --> 00:30:15,840
Speaker 1: a very early point in our revolution, but they have

478
00:30:16,480 --> 00:30:21,080
Speaker 1: this appreciation for some kind of I mean to me,

479
00:30:21,480 --> 00:30:26,440
Speaker 1: it is at the very least a predecessor to music,

480
00:30:26,480 --> 00:30:30,160
Speaker 1: if not if you couldn't classify it as music. Yeah,

481
00:30:30,200 --> 00:30:32,720
Speaker 1: I mean, I'm a big fan of just musical air

482
00:30:32,760 --> 00:30:37,520
Speaker 1: horn blasts. It's very festive. I kind of imagine them

483
00:30:37,760 --> 00:30:41,040
Speaker 1: watching some European football together.

484
00:30:44,440 --> 00:30:50,280
Speaker 2: Oh man, yeah, just breaking that out. Like I imagine

485
00:30:51,440 --> 00:30:56,280
Speaker 2: they make that sound like they've eaten some fermented leaves

486
00:30:56,360 --> 00:30:59,440
Speaker 2: or something, they've gotten a little tipsy around the holiday party,

487
00:30:59,480 --> 00:31:01,080
Speaker 2: and then the air horne start going off.

488
00:31:01,240 --> 00:31:04,920
Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, no, I love it. Yeah, But like I

489
00:31:04,960 --> 00:31:09,080
Speaker 1: mentioned earlier, they are critically endangered and conservation of the

490
00:31:09,160 --> 00:31:13,520
Speaker 1: species is really really important. They can't be kept in captivity,

491
00:31:13,560 --> 00:31:16,560
Speaker 1: so if their natural habitat goes, there is no way

492
00:31:16,640 --> 00:31:21,080
Speaker 1: of preserving them or bringing their population back. And their

493
00:31:21,200 --> 00:31:26,600
Speaker 1: habitat is threatened by deforestation and illegal mining of sapphires,

494
00:31:27,200 --> 00:31:31,440
Speaker 1: which is a big problem in Madagascar. But before you

495
00:31:31,480 --> 00:31:34,360
Speaker 1: get like mad at like these individual miners or something,

496
00:31:34,520 --> 00:31:39,080
Speaker 1: the humans in Madagascar are suffering as well. They're being exploited.

497
00:31:39,240 --> 00:31:43,280
Speaker 1: So these miners are often driven to do these extremely

498
00:31:43,440 --> 00:31:48,640
Speaker 1: low paying, high intensity labor mining because you know, they're

499
00:31:48,720 --> 00:31:50,840
Speaker 1: not getting enough food, they're not getting enough money, they

500
00:31:50,920 --> 00:31:55,440
Speaker 1: can't feed their families, and even the local mine bosses

501
00:31:55,560 --> 00:31:59,800
Speaker 1: aren't really paid that much compared to the money being

502
00:31:59,800 --> 00:32:03,160
Speaker 1: made aid off of this illegal sapphire mining. Most of

503
00:32:03,200 --> 00:32:06,640
Speaker 1: the money goes to the gym dealers and the retailers.

504
00:32:06,720 --> 00:32:10,040
Speaker 1: So I think I'm bringing this up because I think

505
00:32:10,080 --> 00:32:15,800
Speaker 1: it's often important to point out how exploitation of animals

506
00:32:15,840 --> 00:32:19,959
Speaker 1: often goes hand in hand with exploitation of humans. So

507
00:32:20,600 --> 00:32:24,440
Speaker 1: you know, you see that this beautiful species is being

508
00:32:24,480 --> 00:32:27,760
Speaker 1: threatened by something like illegal mining, and I think sometimes

509
00:32:27,760 --> 00:32:31,680
Speaker 1: people may react in this way of like, oh, you know,

510
00:32:31,880 --> 00:32:34,960
Speaker 1: being angry at these miners, Like don't they understand they're ignorant,

511
00:32:35,120 --> 00:32:38,160
Speaker 1: and it's like, well, no, they're also being exploited by

512
00:32:38,440 --> 00:32:42,440
Speaker 1: this system. So it's really a systemic problem. It's not

513
00:32:42,520 --> 00:32:45,239
Speaker 1: these poor people in Madagascar are just trying to make

514
00:32:45,280 --> 00:32:48,760
Speaker 1: a living, who are the problem. It's this system that

515
00:32:49,320 --> 00:32:53,160
Speaker 1: is causing this problem. So you know, it's important to

516
00:32:53,240 --> 00:32:57,720
Speaker 1: have as much, if not more compassion for people as

517
00:32:57,720 --> 00:33:01,200
Speaker 1: it is for when we're upset about animal being threatened.

518
00:33:01,240 --> 00:33:06,959
Speaker 2: Yeah, direct direct the anger towards the the people that

519
00:33:07,040 --> 00:33:11,400
Speaker 2: are are causing the most of it. It's like I recycle,

520
00:33:11,800 --> 00:33:14,520
Speaker 2: I you know, I try not to use one use

521
00:33:14,600 --> 00:33:18,280
Speaker 2: plastics and stuff. But then you know, it's it's the

522
00:33:18,360 --> 00:33:20,600
Speaker 2: thing you see all the time, like look at the

523
00:33:20,600 --> 00:33:24,160
Speaker 2: top one hundred most polluting corporations in the world, and

524
00:33:24,240 --> 00:33:27,240
Speaker 2: it's like, there's not there's no amount of getting on

525
00:33:27,280 --> 00:33:30,280
Speaker 2: the same page as a human population that can that

526
00:33:30,320 --> 00:33:32,840
Speaker 2: can prevent the amount of CO two release as these

527
00:33:32,840 --> 00:33:37,840
Speaker 2: corporations do. Exactly, So direct your ire at the appropriate

528
00:33:38,480 --> 00:33:41,000
Speaker 2: uh people responsible exactly.

529
00:33:41,240 --> 00:33:43,120
Speaker 1: Follow the money, follow it.

530
00:33:43,200 --> 00:33:45,280
Speaker 2: Yes, always follow the money.

531
00:33:50,640 --> 00:33:54,800
Speaker 1: So we talked about PHO safe earlier, right, the very

532
00:33:54,920 --> 00:34:02,080
Speaker 1: environmentally friendly uh personal sort of home security system that

533
00:34:02,240 --> 00:34:07,800
Speaker 1: rivals these other silly home security systems. Who's Safe Keeps

534
00:34:08,360 --> 00:34:11,320
Speaker 1: protects your home twenty four to seven with the presence

535
00:34:11,400 --> 00:34:14,800
Speaker 1: of foul smelling dung that you spread on your door.

536
00:34:16,120 --> 00:34:20,600
Speaker 1: But I actually do have another home security system called

537
00:34:21,239 --> 00:34:27,080
Speaker 1: Oxpecker Alert. It is an incredible, incredible technology of the

538
00:34:27,120 --> 00:34:31,000
Speaker 1: red billed oxpeckers who can alert you to the presence

539
00:34:31,040 --> 00:34:34,360
Speaker 1: of poachers of many mini meters away.

540
00:34:34,840 --> 00:34:39,080
Speaker 2: Oxpecker is a very misleading name or something. I will

541
00:34:39,120 --> 00:34:43,719
Speaker 2: say that much. I was I was not sure if

542
00:34:43,719 --> 00:34:46,719
Speaker 2: this is going to be a bird or I did

543
00:34:46,760 --> 00:34:50,759
Speaker 2: not know what kind of Okay, all right, moving away.

544
00:34:50,560 --> 00:34:55,280
Speaker 1: Right, well, it is a bird. Before you finish that thought,

545
00:34:55,440 --> 00:34:59,280
Speaker 1: the red billed oxpecker is a bird. It's a actually

546
00:34:59,360 --> 00:35:02,760
Speaker 1: quite a pretty bird. Excellent ho would you describe this bird?

547
00:35:03,080 --> 00:35:05,120
Speaker 2: Oh yeah, that's a that's a gorgeous bird.

548
00:35:05,520 --> 00:35:08,160
Speaker 1: Yeah. Yeah, he's like a it's like a small tan

549
00:35:08,320 --> 00:35:11,600
Speaker 1: and black bird with a yellow and red bill and

550
00:35:11,719 --> 00:35:17,840
Speaker 1: these red eyes. Quite yeah, and beautiful and they like

551
00:35:18,000 --> 00:35:23,440
Speaker 1: to hang out with some big friends zebras, hippos, giraffes,

552
00:35:23,600 --> 00:35:28,840
Speaker 1: cattle and other large mammals of the savannah in Africa.

553
00:35:29,040 --> 00:35:33,440
Speaker 1: So They even sit atop the fearsome rhino and nibble

554
00:35:33,560 --> 00:35:38,560
Speaker 1: at ticks, botfly larvae and other pests. Love a good

555
00:35:38,600 --> 00:35:42,880
Speaker 1: relationship there, Yeah, and it's a complicated relationship. It's really

556
00:35:42,880 --> 00:35:48,600
Speaker 1: interesting because they do help their large companions by eating parasites,

557
00:35:48,880 --> 00:35:53,320
Speaker 1: but they do occasionally peck little wounds into their host's

558
00:35:53,360 --> 00:35:57,000
Speaker 1: skin and sip on their host's blood, which actually would

559
00:35:57,080 --> 00:36:00,600
Speaker 1: make the birds themselves parasites. But there's kind of debate,

560
00:36:00,719 --> 00:36:05,640
Speaker 1: right like, because you know, even though that itself is parasitic,

561
00:36:05,960 --> 00:36:10,400
Speaker 1: they are also helping their hosts by getting rid of parasites.

562
00:36:10,480 --> 00:36:12,799
Speaker 1: So it's like, well, do they do more harm than

563
00:36:12,880 --> 00:36:16,319
Speaker 1: good or do they help more? And some of the

564
00:36:17,880 --> 00:36:20,560
Speaker 1: A point in favor of the oxpecker not being a

565
00:36:20,600 --> 00:36:25,759
Speaker 1: parasite but being in a mutualistic symbiotic relationship is the

566
00:36:25,840 --> 00:36:30,799
Speaker 1: fact that they seem to protect black rhinos from poachers.

567
00:36:31,160 --> 00:36:31,480
Speaker 2: Wow.

568
00:36:31,520 --> 00:36:37,520
Speaker 1: So black rhinos are big, tough, endangered animals with great

569
00:36:37,600 --> 00:36:41,600
Speaker 1: smell and hearing, but very bad eyesight, and they are

570
00:36:41,680 --> 00:36:45,279
Speaker 1: unfortunately often the victims of human poaching and they are

571
00:36:45,360 --> 00:36:51,759
Speaker 1: critically endangered. So rhino researcher doctor Rohan Plots noticed that

572
00:36:51,960 --> 00:36:55,319
Speaker 1: rhinos that were close enough for them to observe had

573
00:36:55,400 --> 00:36:59,239
Speaker 1: no oxpeckers on their backs. They always seem to not

574
00:36:59,320 --> 00:37:02,160
Speaker 1: have their little bird friends, and that made him wonder,

575
00:37:02,320 --> 00:37:05,920
Speaker 1: that's an interesting coincidence. Maybe it's not a coincidence. So

576
00:37:06,920 --> 00:37:11,320
Speaker 1: they did some observational studies that found that the oxpeckers

577
00:37:11,640 --> 00:37:16,439
Speaker 1: helped alert the rhinos of a human's presence. So when

578
00:37:16,560 --> 00:37:21,560
Speaker 1: the oxpeckers spot a human, they issue an alarm call,

579
00:37:21,760 --> 00:37:26,040
Speaker 1: which is a hissing shriek, and the rhinos listen to

580
00:37:26,120 --> 00:37:31,240
Speaker 1: this alarm call and we'll move away from the area.

581
00:37:31,480 --> 00:37:36,360
Speaker 1: So these studies found that rhinos with oxpeckers are better

582
00:37:36,440 --> 00:37:41,520
Speaker 1: at moving away from humans than rhinos without oxpeckers. And

583
00:37:41,880 --> 00:37:45,480
Speaker 1: what's really interesting is the more oxpeckers they have, the

584
00:37:45,520 --> 00:37:50,880
Speaker 1: better they are at being alerted. So one oxpecker is okay,

585
00:37:51,040 --> 00:37:55,480
Speaker 1: but you got a whole group of five ox checkers

586
00:37:55,520 --> 00:37:58,200
Speaker 1: all shrieking at your like, ah, geez, what's going on?

587
00:37:59,320 --> 00:38:02,839
Speaker 2: Yeah? One one one alarm on your front door is nice.

588
00:38:02,840 --> 00:38:05,960
Speaker 2: But if you have all the windows uh hooked up

589
00:38:06,000 --> 00:38:08,120
Speaker 2: and then your back door hooked up too, you're gonna

590
00:38:08,160 --> 00:38:09,920
Speaker 2: that's you're gonna be even more safe.

591
00:38:10,200 --> 00:38:13,320
Speaker 1: Exactly not. I mean, the the more alarms, the better

592
00:38:13,719 --> 00:38:16,879
Speaker 1: carl alarms, air horns, everything bells.

593
00:38:17,120 --> 00:38:19,360
Speaker 2: Yes, seriously, it's the home.

594
00:38:19,239 --> 00:38:22,120
Speaker 1: Alone version of home security.

595
00:38:22,640 --> 00:38:29,160
Speaker 2: Yeah, yeah, seriously. I I love examples of species talking

596
00:38:29,200 --> 00:38:34,440
Speaker 2: to each other. I absolutely loved. I heard a story

597
00:38:35,000 --> 00:38:37,560
Speaker 2: a long time ago. I think it was on like

598
00:38:37,560 --> 00:38:39,759
Speaker 2: an episode of Radio Lab or something where this this

599
00:38:39,840 --> 00:38:46,440
Speaker 2: researcher tells the story of basically learning the distinct calls

600
00:38:46,640 --> 00:38:51,480
Speaker 2: of monkeys and like eagles in I believe like South America,

601
00:38:51,840 --> 00:38:57,600
Speaker 2: where they made distinct calls whenever a leopard was spotted.

602
00:38:58,239 --> 00:39:01,640
Speaker 2: And he is walking through the jungle and it's starting

603
00:39:01,680 --> 00:39:05,640
Speaker 2: to get you know, dusk out, and suddenly overhead he

604
00:39:05,640 --> 00:39:09,440
Speaker 2: hears the distinct call. And as he's walking through the jungle,

605
00:39:10,000 --> 00:39:13,600
Speaker 2: he you know, from from area to area they're making

606
00:39:13,640 --> 00:39:16,320
Speaker 2: the call. He was basically being stalked by a leopard

607
00:39:16,320 --> 00:39:19,760
Speaker 2: through this jungle. Yeah, he only he only knew about

608
00:39:19,760 --> 00:39:24,880
Speaker 2: it because these other animals were making their call specific

609
00:39:24,920 --> 00:39:28,560
Speaker 2: to the leopard. They they made a specific call just

610
00:39:28,719 --> 00:39:31,080
Speaker 2: for the leopard. When there was when the monkeys were

611
00:39:31,120 --> 00:39:35,280
Speaker 2: threatened by birds of prey like an eagle or something,

612
00:39:35,320 --> 00:39:38,640
Speaker 2: then they would make a different different Yeah. Exactly. So

613
00:39:38,719 --> 00:39:40,759
Speaker 2: that's how he knew that there was a leopard.

614
00:39:40,400 --> 00:39:43,320
Speaker 1: Following him, right, Because it matters whether where the threat

615
00:39:43,400 --> 00:39:46,359
Speaker 1: is coming from, if it's from the sky, if it's

616
00:39:46,400 --> 00:39:49,120
Speaker 1: a leopard, it's coming from the ground, and knowing where

617
00:39:49,560 --> 00:39:52,200
Speaker 1: and and the nature of that threat is very important

618
00:39:52,440 --> 00:39:56,960
Speaker 1: both for animals and human eavesdroppers. That's an incredible story.

619
00:39:57,280 --> 00:40:00,360
Speaker 1: I love that. I mean in that it's it. So

620
00:40:00,080 --> 00:40:02,520
Speaker 1: it's so interesting about that story is the way that

621
00:40:02,680 --> 00:40:06,440
Speaker 1: human used that those other animal alarm calls is exactly

622
00:40:06,480 --> 00:40:09,600
Speaker 1: the way the rhino is using the bird's alarm call.

623
00:40:09,680 --> 00:40:13,760
Speaker 1: Because there's no evidence that the birds are intentionally warning

624
00:40:13,880 --> 00:40:17,480
Speaker 1: the rhino of this threat. It's not like the birds

625
00:40:17,680 --> 00:40:19,560
Speaker 1: are like, hey, rhino, get out of the way. They're

626
00:40:19,600 --> 00:40:22,840
Speaker 1: warning each other, Yeah, this is what they've evolved to

627
00:40:23,000 --> 00:40:26,680
Speaker 1: have this alert system with each other to warn themselves

628
00:40:26,719 --> 00:40:30,480
Speaker 1: of a threat. But the rhino has learned that this

629
00:40:30,600 --> 00:40:35,960
Speaker 1: call means humans and will use that knowledge to move away,

630
00:40:36,040 --> 00:40:38,920
Speaker 1: so exactly in the same way that that human researcher

631
00:40:39,040 --> 00:40:41,920
Speaker 1: is like, I've learned this call means a leopard. I'm

632
00:40:42,520 --> 00:40:47,640
Speaker 1: in danger, yes, And so it's the same thing with

633
00:40:47,719 --> 00:40:52,160
Speaker 1: the rhino. But even more terrifying than a leopard the human.

634
00:40:53,480 --> 00:40:57,160
Speaker 2: And also like there's a bit of self preservation there,

635
00:40:57,239 --> 00:41:01,640
Speaker 2: I imagine from the bird, and that if my little

636
00:41:01,800 --> 00:41:06,200
Speaker 2: floating raft of food, my buffet, my tank of a

637
00:41:06,239 --> 00:41:10,960
Speaker 2: buffet on the savannah gets killed by these poachers, then

638
00:41:11,200 --> 00:41:12,600
Speaker 2: I'm out of a food source.

639
00:41:13,120 --> 00:41:15,920
Speaker 1: It can't hurt. Yeah, it couldn't hurt for them to

640
00:41:15,960 --> 00:41:19,640
Speaker 1: warn the rhino. It's again, it's hard to know whether

641
00:41:19,719 --> 00:41:23,680
Speaker 1: that's just a happy coincidence or if there's any like,

642
00:41:23,760 --> 00:41:27,080
Speaker 1: any sort of intention. I mean, I think it's safe

643
00:41:27,080 --> 00:41:29,480
Speaker 1: to see there's probably not much of an intention for

644
00:41:29,560 --> 00:41:31,839
Speaker 1: the bird to warn the rhino. I don't know if

645
00:41:31,840 --> 00:41:35,680
Speaker 1: they could logic that out, but I mean, maybe a

646
00:41:35,719 --> 00:41:38,799
Speaker 1: smarter bird. There are some birds that I would not

647
00:41:38,960 --> 00:41:42,520
Speaker 1: necessarily be surprised that they In fact, they may sometimes

648
00:41:42,600 --> 00:41:46,480
Speaker 1: use alarm calls. No, there are actually birds that use

649
00:41:46,520 --> 00:41:50,399
Speaker 1: alarm calls to scare other animals away from some kind

650
00:41:50,400 --> 00:41:52,440
Speaker 1: of food source so that they can get to it,

651
00:41:52,480 --> 00:41:55,600
Speaker 1: so they can There are definitely bird species. I take

652
00:41:55,640 --> 00:41:57,799
Speaker 1: it back. There are bird species that know what they're doing,

653
00:41:57,840 --> 00:42:00,759
Speaker 1: and they can use their alarm calls to manipulate. So

654
00:42:00,880 --> 00:42:05,880
Speaker 1: it's possible that these birds are somehow they do know

655
00:42:05,960 --> 00:42:08,680
Speaker 1: that if they alert that the rhino will move away,

656
00:42:08,719 --> 00:42:11,480
Speaker 1: which is much better for them than having to like,

657
00:42:12,320 --> 00:42:15,080
Speaker 1: you know, fly away and find another another rhino to

658
00:42:15,120 --> 00:42:18,399
Speaker 1: sit on. But there's no there's no evidence of that yet,

659
00:42:18,520 --> 00:42:22,680
Speaker 1: so either way, this is a lovely little system. The

660
00:42:22,760 --> 00:42:27,120
Speaker 1: rhino gets warned, the oxpecker gets to keep its perch,

661
00:42:27,760 --> 00:42:31,799
Speaker 1: and humans get to be thwarted by a dynamic duo.

662
00:42:32,040 --> 00:42:32,600
Speaker 2: Beautiful.

663
00:42:32,800 --> 00:42:36,880
Speaker 1: I love it, so will a Ka Christy Yamagucci. Men.

664
00:42:37,480 --> 00:42:39,880
Speaker 1: Thank you so much for joining me. Tell tell the

665
00:42:39,920 --> 00:42:41,319
Speaker 1: people where they can find you.

666
00:42:42,480 --> 00:42:44,600
Speaker 2: Oh, thank you so much for having me again. It

667
00:42:44,680 --> 00:42:48,080
Speaker 2: was a delight as usual. You can find me on

668
00:42:48,160 --> 00:42:51,319
Speaker 2: Twitter at wopple house w A P P l E

669
00:42:51,520 --> 00:42:54,520
Speaker 2: h O U s E. And that's pretty much where

670
00:42:54,560 --> 00:42:58,280
Speaker 2: I live most of the time. Not in real life.

671
00:42:59,200 --> 00:43:01,680
Speaker 2: You can find me on there. I don't even know

672
00:43:01,719 --> 00:43:04,080
Speaker 2: what my Instagram handle is, to be honest with you,

673
00:43:04,480 --> 00:43:09,000
Speaker 2: it's long. There's underscores involved, so whenever I stupidly make

674
00:43:09,320 --> 00:43:11,919
Speaker 2: a handle with underscores, I always forget where they're at.

675
00:43:12,280 --> 00:43:15,600
Speaker 2: So yeah, just find me on there. You can listen

676
00:43:15,640 --> 00:43:20,600
Speaker 2: to George Center pod or George Center, but at George

677
00:43:20,600 --> 00:43:24,160
Speaker 2: Center Pod on Twitter and lower after hours. If you're

678
00:43:24,160 --> 00:43:28,040
Speaker 2: a fan of the Dan LeBatard Show and enough of

679
00:43:28,080 --> 00:43:30,200
Speaker 2: a fan that you would make a podcast about being

680
00:43:30,200 --> 00:43:32,040
Speaker 2: a fan of the Dan le Batard Show, you can

681
00:43:32,080 --> 00:43:32,480
Speaker 2: find me.

682
00:43:32,440 --> 00:43:35,719
Speaker 1: There and thank you so much for listening. If you're

683
00:43:35,800 --> 00:43:39,279
Speaker 1: enjoying the show, please leave writing and review. I read

684
00:43:39,360 --> 00:43:42,120
Speaker 1: all the reviews. I love them so much. I really

685
00:43:42,200 --> 00:43:46,080
Speaker 1: appreciate them all, cherish them, print them out, put them

686
00:43:46,120 --> 00:43:48,400
Speaker 1: underneath my pillow, and kiss them before I go to

687
00:43:48,400 --> 00:43:50,719
Speaker 1: bed at night. And thank you so much to the

688
00:43:50,760 --> 00:43:55,120
Speaker 1: space Cossics where they're super awesome song XO Lumanna. Creature

689
00:43:55,200 --> 00:43:58,080
Speaker 1: Feature is a production of iHeartRadio. For more podcasts like

690
00:43:58,120 --> 00:44:00,480
Speaker 1: the one you just heard, visit the iHeartRadio up Apple

691
00:44:00,520 --> 00:44:03,040
Speaker 1: podcasts or Hey Guess what wherever you listen