1 00:00:00,280 --> 00:00:02,000 Speaker 1: The Day in History Class is a production of I 2 00:00:02,080 --> 00:00:06,920 Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Hi everyone, I'm Eves, Welcome to this day 3 00:00:06,920 --> 00:00:09,840 Speaker 1: and History Class, a show that will convince you that 4 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:13,119 Speaker 1: history can be fascinating even when you expect it not 5 00:00:13,200 --> 00:00:24,919 Speaker 1: to be. Today is October nineteen. The day was October tenth, 6 00:00:25,160 --> 00:00:30,120 Speaker 1: nineteen eleven, revolutionaries in wu Chang, China, rebelled against the 7 00:00:30,200 --> 00:00:34,120 Speaker 1: rule of the Shing dynasty. The uprising marks the start 8 00:00:34,159 --> 00:00:37,559 Speaker 1: of the Shihai Revolution, leading to the fall of China's 9 00:00:37,720 --> 00:00:41,600 Speaker 1: last imperial dynasty and the establishment of the Republic of China. 10 00:00:42,760 --> 00:00:45,880 Speaker 1: People in China and Taiwan, as well as Chinese people 11 00:00:45,920 --> 00:00:49,800 Speaker 1: around the world, commemorate the anniversary of the Wu Chong Uprising, 12 00:00:50,120 --> 00:00:54,240 Speaker 1: also known as Double Tan Day. In the late nineteenth 13 00:00:54,240 --> 00:00:57,800 Speaker 1: and early twentieth century, the Qing dynasty was struggling to 14 00:00:57,840 --> 00:01:02,720 Speaker 1: maintain power as imperial powers asserted their dominance in Chinese territory. 15 00:01:03,920 --> 00:01:07,040 Speaker 1: The Opium Wars between the Qing and the British government 16 00:01:07,200 --> 00:01:11,119 Speaker 1: forced China to open treaty ports for international trade and 17 00:01:11,360 --> 00:01:14,679 Speaker 1: forced China to seed Hong Kong to the UK, among 18 00:01:14,840 --> 00:01:19,560 Speaker 1: other losses for China, and the First Sino Japanese War 19 00:01:20,040 --> 00:01:24,640 Speaker 1: led China to lose more territory, and China's defeat demonstrated 20 00:01:24,720 --> 00:01:29,160 Speaker 1: its weakness. A reform movement popped up as the government 21 00:01:29,200 --> 00:01:32,959 Speaker 1: lost prestige, but most of the reform measures were repealed. 22 00:01:34,120 --> 00:01:38,120 Speaker 1: Disillusionment with Mantu rulers and the Shing dynasty reached a peak, 23 00:01:38,480 --> 00:01:43,040 Speaker 1: and revolutionary groups began forming across China. Many of these 24 00:01:43,040 --> 00:01:45,920 Speaker 1: groups banned it together in Japan and nineteen oh five 25 00:01:46,080 --> 00:01:49,280 Speaker 1: to form the Tong mong Hwi, led by Son xiin 26 00:01:49,840 --> 00:01:54,600 Speaker 1: sonja Urn and Huang Shing. The Tong mong Hwai advocated 27 00:01:54,640 --> 00:01:58,800 Speaker 1: replacing the Hing government with a republican one. They rejected 28 00:01:58,840 --> 00:02:03,160 Speaker 1: the gradual approach to form that loyalists pushed for. The 29 00:02:03,240 --> 00:02:05,960 Speaker 1: Tung Ma Hui led rebellions against the Shing in the 30 00:02:06,040 --> 00:02:09,960 Speaker 1: years leading up to the Wu Chong Uprising. Chinese people 31 00:02:10,040 --> 00:02:14,400 Speaker 1: overseas helped fund revolutionary efforts in China, most of which 32 00:02:14,440 --> 00:02:19,240 Speaker 1: originated in South China. In April of nineteen eleven, Huang 33 00:02:19,360 --> 00:02:22,919 Speaker 1: Qing and other revolutionaries led a failed uprising in guang 34 00:02:22,919 --> 00:02:27,200 Speaker 1: Sho in southern China. In this uprising, like many of 35 00:02:27,240 --> 00:02:31,359 Speaker 1: the others, the shingh Army killed many revolutionaries and effectively 36 00:02:31,400 --> 00:02:34,080 Speaker 1: put an end to the revolt, but even though the 37 00:02:34,120 --> 00:02:38,040 Speaker 1: rebellions often failed, they still destabilized the control of the 38 00:02:38,080 --> 00:02:42,240 Speaker 1: Qing dynasty. The uprising in wu Chong on October tenth 39 00:02:42,360 --> 00:02:46,239 Speaker 1: turned into a nationalist revolt that spread around South China. 40 00:02:47,360 --> 00:02:50,040 Speaker 1: It had its roots in protests against the Qing decision 41 00:02:50,160 --> 00:02:55,080 Speaker 1: to nationalize too privately owned railways in Central China. The 42 00:02:55,120 --> 00:02:59,040 Speaker 1: Shing court suppressed resistance with armed force, and as the 43 00:02:59,120 --> 00:03:02,839 Speaker 1: conflict surrounding the railway issue escalated, support of the Shing 44 00:03:03,000 --> 00:03:07,880 Speaker 1: government continued to decline. The government stationed new army regiments 45 00:03:07,919 --> 00:03:11,760 Speaker 1: in Hubei Province, where wu Chong is located, but many 46 00:03:11,800 --> 00:03:14,840 Speaker 1: of the people in the military in Hubei were revolutionaries 47 00:03:14,919 --> 00:03:19,960 Speaker 1: or republican sympathizers. Revolutionaries in the area began plotting and 48 00:03:20,080 --> 00:03:25,520 Speaker 1: uprising against the Shan and stockpiling munitions, but on October nine, 49 00:03:25,520 --> 00:03:29,600 Speaker 1: a bomb accidentally exploded in a hong Ko building, exposing 50 00:03:29,600 --> 00:03:34,000 Speaker 1: the efforts of revolutionaries, so the next day, the Wu 51 00:03:34,080 --> 00:03:38,160 Speaker 1: Chang regiment staged a mutiny, taking over government buildings and 52 00:03:38,240 --> 00:03:42,320 Speaker 1: seizing control of the city. The day after that, the 53 00:03:42,360 --> 00:03:48,200 Speaker 1: revolutionaries established a military government in Hubei Province, similar uprisings 54 00:03:48,240 --> 00:03:52,320 Speaker 1: soon began in other Chinese provinces, which declared their allegiance 55 00:03:52,360 --> 00:03:55,280 Speaker 1: to the Tung Ma Hue and agreed to secede from 56 00:03:55,280 --> 00:03:59,720 Speaker 1: the Shing government. Zung Yi Hian was not directly involved 57 00:03:59,720 --> 00:04:02,680 Speaker 1: in the Wouchang uprising, as he was traveling in the 58 00:04:02,760 --> 00:04:06,040 Speaker 1: United States when it took place, but he returned to 59 00:04:06,160 --> 00:04:08,960 Speaker 1: China near the end of nineteen eleven and was soon 60 00:04:09,040 --> 00:04:12,880 Speaker 1: elected as provisional president of the newly declared Republic of China, 61 00:04:13,800 --> 00:04:16,320 Speaker 1: though not long after he turned the position over to 62 00:04:16,400 --> 00:04:20,520 Speaker 1: Yin Hi Kai. The last emperor of the Shang dynasty, 63 00:04:20,680 --> 00:04:24,799 Speaker 1: abdicated in February of nineteen twelve, ending thousands of years 64 00:04:24,839 --> 00:04:29,320 Speaker 1: of imperial rule. The Republic of China lasted until nineteen 65 00:04:29,400 --> 00:04:33,239 Speaker 1: forty nine, when the Chinese Communist Party proclaimed the People's 66 00:04:33,279 --> 00:04:37,520 Speaker 1: Republic of China. I'm each Jeffcote and hopefully you know 67 00:04:37,600 --> 00:04:40,919 Speaker 1: a little more about history today than you did yesterday. 68 00:04:41,640 --> 00:04:44,240 Speaker 1: If you haven't gotten your fill of history yet, you 69 00:04:44,279 --> 00:04:48,440 Speaker 1: can find us on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram at t 70 00:04:48,880 --> 00:04:53,240 Speaker 1: d I h C podcast. You can also shoot us 71 00:04:53,240 --> 00:04:58,720 Speaker 1: an email at this day at I heart media dot com. 72 00:04:58,800 --> 00:05:01,240 Speaker 1: We're here every day, so you know where to find 73 00:05:01,320 --> 00:05:10,760 Speaker 1: us by For more podcasts from I heart Radio, visit 74 00:05:10,800 --> 00:05:13,200 Speaker 1: the I heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you 75 00:05:13,240 --> 00:05:14,360 Speaker 1: listen to your favorite shows.