1 00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:01,920 Speaker 1: This Day in History Class is a production of I 2 00:00:02,040 --> 00:00:07,080 Speaker 1: Heart Radio High Again. Everyone. I'm Eves and you're listening 3 00:00:07,160 --> 00:00:10,160 Speaker 1: to This Day in History Class, where instead of going 4 00:00:10,200 --> 00:00:12,799 Speaker 1: back to the future, we go back to the past. 5 00:00:14,960 --> 00:00:30,120 Speaker 1: Today is January. The day was January eight. William Bly, 6 00:00:30,480 --> 00:00:33,360 Speaker 1: the governor of New South Wales, was deposed by a 7 00:00:33,400 --> 00:00:37,600 Speaker 1: military coup. The military was in power for two years 8 00:00:38,000 --> 00:00:41,040 Speaker 1: during a takeover now known as the Run Rebellion, though 9 00:00:41,120 --> 00:00:45,159 Speaker 1: this name was not used at the time. In Sight, 10 00:00:45,360 --> 00:00:48,680 Speaker 1: the first fleet, led by Captain Arthur Philip, arrived in 11 00:00:48,720 --> 00:00:54,040 Speaker 1: Australia from England on January. The ships arrived at Port Jackson, 12 00:00:54,480 --> 00:00:58,040 Speaker 1: marking the beginning of British colonization on the Australian mainland, 13 00:00:58,440 --> 00:01:01,880 Speaker 1: a place that was already in habitant by indigenous Australians. 14 00:01:03,000 --> 00:01:07,520 Speaker 1: The first fleet included military and government officials, their families 15 00:01:07,800 --> 00:01:12,080 Speaker 1: and other colonists, but it also included hundreds of people 16 00:01:12,440 --> 00:01:16,759 Speaker 1: convicted of crimes and sentenced to transportation. New South Wales 17 00:01:16,959 --> 00:01:20,679 Speaker 1: was founded as a penal colony. Philip became the first 18 00:01:20,720 --> 00:01:24,800 Speaker 1: governor of the colony. Governors represented and took instruction from 19 00:01:24,800 --> 00:01:28,280 Speaker 1: the British government. They were the supreme authority in the colony, 20 00:01:28,640 --> 00:01:31,920 Speaker 1: and because the British Parliament was far away, they were 21 00:01:31,959 --> 00:01:36,600 Speaker 1: able to exercise more power than Parliament prescribed. The New 22 00:01:36,640 --> 00:01:40,199 Speaker 1: South Wales Core made up of several hundred men formed 23 00:01:40,200 --> 00:01:43,039 Speaker 1: in England in seventeen eighty nine. Many of them were 24 00:01:43,120 --> 00:01:46,280 Speaker 1: unskilled or semi skilled men who were struggling in Britain 25 00:01:46,560 --> 00:01:49,080 Speaker 1: and looking for a better life in New South Wales. 26 00:01:50,280 --> 00:01:53,400 Speaker 1: In addition to better wages and living conditions that the 27 00:01:53,440 --> 00:01:56,720 Speaker 1: men could look forward to, the officers got the opportunity 28 00:01:56,800 --> 00:02:00,240 Speaker 1: to engage in trade, land grants from the governor and 29 00:02:00,440 --> 00:02:04,600 Speaker 1: free labor from convicts. At the same time, officers grew 30 00:02:04,640 --> 00:02:08,320 Speaker 1: wealthy and lived comfortably. People in the colony dealt with 31 00:02:08,400 --> 00:02:12,960 Speaker 1: food shortages and poor infrastructure. Since the colony did not 32 00:02:13,080 --> 00:02:17,440 Speaker 1: have enough currency, trade was handled through barter, permissory notes, 33 00:02:17,480 --> 00:02:21,880 Speaker 1: and coins. Convicts in lower ranking military members were often 34 00:02:21,919 --> 00:02:27,160 Speaker 1: paid in goods, especially rum imported from India. The officers 35 00:02:27,200 --> 00:02:30,440 Speaker 1: of the corps monopolized the trade in rum, buying it 36 00:02:30,520 --> 00:02:34,280 Speaker 1: up and exchanging it for goods in labor. Because of this, 37 00:02:34,480 --> 00:02:38,519 Speaker 1: they became known as the Rum Corps. The commanding officers 38 00:02:38,560 --> 00:02:41,680 Speaker 1: of New South Wales Corps took over after Governor Philip 39 00:02:41,760 --> 00:02:45,880 Speaker 1: returned to England in seventeen two. During their time in power, 40 00:02:46,040 --> 00:02:50,000 Speaker 1: they controlled the colony's economy. They administered the colony until 41 00:02:50,040 --> 00:02:55,000 Speaker 1: Governor John Hunter took the reins in sevent Hunter and 42 00:02:55,240 --> 00:02:58,959 Speaker 1: the next governor, Philip Gidley King, fought the military's monopoly 43 00:02:59,000 --> 00:03:02,639 Speaker 1: on trade, but to no avail. In eighteen o six, 44 00:03:03,000 --> 00:03:06,560 Speaker 1: William Bli became the governor of New South Wales. Bli 45 00:03:06,720 --> 00:03:09,840 Speaker 1: had a reputation for being tough, and he began efforts 46 00:03:09,840 --> 00:03:14,000 Speaker 1: to control trade monopolies and corruption among the officers. The 47 00:03:14,080 --> 00:03:18,480 Speaker 1: Corps officers began to resent him. Bli soon clashed with 48 00:03:18,560 --> 00:03:22,240 Speaker 1: former Corps officer John mcgarthur over a land grant, and 49 00:03:22,320 --> 00:03:26,280 Speaker 1: conflict between the two continued over other matters. When Bli 50 00:03:26,360 --> 00:03:29,280 Speaker 1: had mcgarthur taken to trial over an issue involving one 51 00:03:29,320 --> 00:03:33,000 Speaker 1: of McArthur's ships, the court included a jury of six 52 00:03:33,080 --> 00:03:37,280 Speaker 1: Corps officers. The trial escalated from Bli accusing the officers 53 00:03:37,280 --> 00:03:41,840 Speaker 1: of treason to the Corps commanding officer, George Johnston, issuing 54 00:03:41,880 --> 00:03:45,960 Speaker 1: an order that Bli be removed from office. On Januar, 55 00:03:47,480 --> 00:03:50,640 Speaker 1: eight men from the New South Wales Corps marched from 56 00:03:50,640 --> 00:03:54,000 Speaker 1: the parade ground on High Street to Government House, followed 57 00:03:54,000 --> 00:03:57,880 Speaker 1: by a large crowd. They found Bligh and arrested and 58 00:03:57,920 --> 00:04:02,280 Speaker 1: deposed him. Johnston and McArthur then took control of the colony. 59 00:04:03,320 --> 00:04:06,440 Speaker 1: Bligh remained under arrest in Government House with his daughter 60 00:04:06,640 --> 00:04:10,720 Speaker 1: for more than a year. The next governor, Lochland Macquarie, 61 00:04:11,000 --> 00:04:14,680 Speaker 1: took over in January of eighteen ten. The seventy third 62 00:04:14,720 --> 00:04:19,520 Speaker 1: Regiment replaced the New South Wales Corps. Macquarie canceled all 63 00:04:19,680 --> 00:04:22,920 Speaker 1: land grants and court sentences made under the military's rule, 64 00:04:23,440 --> 00:04:27,280 Speaker 1: and he called for quote union, tranquility and harmony, declaring 65 00:04:27,320 --> 00:04:30,320 Speaker 1: that everyone appointed to an office of law after the 66 00:04:30,360 --> 00:04:34,159 Speaker 1: coup would be immune from prosecution regarding their actions while 67 00:04:34,200 --> 00:04:39,040 Speaker 1: in office. In eighteen ten, Johnston was convicted of mutiny 68 00:04:39,080 --> 00:04:42,200 Speaker 1: and dismissed from the army, though he later returned to 69 00:04:42,240 --> 00:04:46,600 Speaker 1: New South Wales and lived a comfortable life. McArthur had 70 00:04:46,640 --> 00:04:49,239 Speaker 1: gone to England and he was ordered to be tried 71 00:04:49,320 --> 00:04:52,919 Speaker 1: for treason when he returned to New South Wales, but 72 00:04:53,000 --> 00:04:55,400 Speaker 1: he did not go back until he was given permission 73 00:04:55,480 --> 00:04:59,200 Speaker 1: to return without facing trial in eighteen seventeen, on the 74 00:04:59,240 --> 00:05:04,000 Speaker 1: condition he would not be involved in public affairs. MacArthur 75 00:05:04,080 --> 00:05:06,880 Speaker 1: was appointed to the new South Wales Legislative Council in 76 00:05:09,279 --> 00:05:11,640 Speaker 1: I'm Eve Jeff Coote and hopefully you know a little 77 00:05:11,640 --> 00:05:14,880 Speaker 1: more about history of today than you did yesterday. You 78 00:05:14,920 --> 00:05:17,919 Speaker 1: can find us on social media at t d i 79 00:05:18,160 --> 00:05:22,760 Speaker 1: h C Podcast on Twitter, Instagram and Facebook. You can 80 00:05:22,800 --> 00:05:26,240 Speaker 1: also shoot us an email at this Day at i 81 00:05:26,480 --> 00:05:30,520 Speaker 1: heart media dot com. I hope you enjoyed today's episode. 82 00:05:30,880 --> 00:05:41,520 Speaker 1: We'll be back tomorrow with another one. For more podcasts 83 00:05:41,520 --> 00:05:43,520 Speaker 1: from my heart Radio, visit the i heart Radio app, 84 00:05:43,560 --> 00:05:46,240 Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.