1 00:00:00,240 --> 00:00:27,400 Speaker 1: Ridiculous History is a production of I Heart Radio. Welcome 2 00:00:27,400 --> 00:00:30,960 Speaker 1: to the show, Ridiculous Historians. Thank you so much for 3 00:00:31,160 --> 00:00:34,519 Speaker 1: tuning in now. I don't want to date myself here. 4 00:00:34,560 --> 00:00:37,479 Speaker 1: I'm Ben, by the way, But does anybody else remember 5 00:00:37,560 --> 00:00:40,680 Speaker 1: going to drive through banks and putting like envelopes and 6 00:00:40,800 --> 00:00:42,920 Speaker 1: checks and stuff and those little tubes? I do do 7 00:00:43,000 --> 00:00:45,199 Speaker 1: I get to be a part of anyone? You are, 8 00:00:45,400 --> 00:00:49,520 Speaker 1: You're You're not just anyone, You're someone. I'm null. Yeah, 9 00:00:49,520 --> 00:00:51,200 Speaker 1: you know, it's fine. There are still some banks, maybe 10 00:00:51,240 --> 00:00:53,640 Speaker 1: they're like a bandoned or something that's still have those 11 00:00:53,720 --> 00:00:56,120 Speaker 1: those tubes for the drive through area. But I absolutely 12 00:00:56,160 --> 00:00:58,640 Speaker 1: remember that. I remember. I thought it was fun when 13 00:00:58,680 --> 00:01:00,960 Speaker 1: I was a kid driving through with my mom. She'd 14 00:01:01,040 --> 00:01:02,800 Speaker 1: let me put the thing in the tube and stick 15 00:01:02,840 --> 00:01:05,720 Speaker 1: it in the little you know, a little doc I 16 00:01:05,760 --> 00:01:07,919 Speaker 1: guess you could call it, and then you push a button, 17 00:01:08,000 --> 00:01:10,760 Speaker 1: I think, and then it goes Yeah, it does make 18 00:01:10,800 --> 00:01:14,280 Speaker 1: that thump sound. Um it. Actually, I just recently saw 19 00:01:14,319 --> 00:01:17,000 Speaker 1: the movie Elf for the first time, and there is 20 00:01:17,040 --> 00:01:19,600 Speaker 1: a pretty big sequence that takes place in the mail 21 00:01:19,720 --> 00:01:22,520 Speaker 1: room of a New York City high rise office building, 22 00:01:22,840 --> 00:01:25,440 Speaker 1: and it's all about pneumatic tubes. They got the tubes. 23 00:01:25,480 --> 00:01:30,360 Speaker 1: They got the tubes. Uh, super producer Casey Pegram. Do 24 00:01:30,480 --> 00:01:34,039 Speaker 1: you remember those uh those drive through bank tubes. I 25 00:01:34,120 --> 00:01:36,560 Speaker 1: have the same memory as nol. I never did it myself, 26 00:01:36,560 --> 00:01:39,119 Speaker 1: but as a kid going through the driveway with my mom, 27 00:01:39,160 --> 00:01:42,640 Speaker 1: and I remember getting like a lollipop or something back 28 00:01:42,680 --> 00:01:45,240 Speaker 1: the other way. Yeah, exactly, you get your receipt and 29 00:01:45,280 --> 00:01:47,039 Speaker 1: a lollipop. Yeah. And if we drove through with my 30 00:01:47,080 --> 00:01:49,080 Speaker 1: dog in the car sometime there'd be like a doggy 31 00:01:49,120 --> 00:01:52,400 Speaker 1: treat as well. That's so, that is so endearing. Yeah, 32 00:01:52,480 --> 00:01:54,480 Speaker 1: I think it's one of those, at least for the 33 00:01:54,520 --> 00:01:57,440 Speaker 1: three of us. It's one of those, uh little pleasures 34 00:01:57,480 --> 00:02:00,000 Speaker 1: that your parents give you up there with like the stereo, 35 00:02:00,000 --> 00:02:03,800 Speaker 1: A typical getting to lick the batter when making cookies 36 00:02:03,880 --> 00:02:05,880 Speaker 1: or cake or stuff. I'm more of a fan of 37 00:02:05,920 --> 00:02:08,880 Speaker 1: licking the battery. Oh yeah, yeah, you're one of those. 38 00:02:08,960 --> 00:02:11,200 Speaker 1: Makes me feel alive, you know, getting that little jolt. 39 00:02:11,280 --> 00:02:13,160 Speaker 1: Do you ever do the fork in the outlet? I 40 00:02:13,200 --> 00:02:16,200 Speaker 1: did that. Don't do what? Yeah, doesn't want to kill you? Well, 41 00:02:16,240 --> 00:02:20,680 Speaker 1: I'm here black for that. Well. The thing is that 42 00:02:20,919 --> 00:02:24,600 Speaker 1: while our experience with these pneumatic tubes for many of 43 00:02:24,639 --> 00:02:28,600 Speaker 1: us maybe relegated to bank drive throughs. They actually do 44 00:02:28,760 --> 00:02:34,320 Speaker 1: have a surprising history. Get this, folks. For more than 45 00:02:34,360 --> 00:02:38,480 Speaker 1: a hundred and fifty years, pneumatic tube systems have not 46 00:02:38,639 --> 00:02:42,080 Speaker 1: just been carrying mail. They've been carrying people, They've been 47 00:02:42,240 --> 00:02:46,320 Speaker 1: carrying cats. People have been thinking about the idea of 48 00:02:46,520 --> 00:02:51,639 Speaker 1: using pneumatic tubes for transport since at least eighteen twelve. 49 00:02:51,919 --> 00:02:55,760 Speaker 1: But here's the thing, this was actually at one point 50 00:02:56,720 --> 00:02:59,640 Speaker 1: put into practice. Yeah, I mean it was sort of 51 00:02:59,680 --> 00:03:02,359 Speaker 1: con that are like the wave of the future. Um. 52 00:03:02,440 --> 00:03:04,359 Speaker 1: And now you think about it and it almost has 53 00:03:04,360 --> 00:03:07,280 Speaker 1: sort of a steampunk vibe, you know, the idea of 54 00:03:07,280 --> 00:03:10,560 Speaker 1: of people traveling in tubes. There's a Tenacious D song 55 00:03:10,600 --> 00:03:12,960 Speaker 1: where they say, uh talking about the city Hall, I 56 00:03:13,000 --> 00:03:15,480 Speaker 1: think and they say, in the future people will travel 57 00:03:15,560 --> 00:03:18,480 Speaker 1: in tubes. That's all I remember. Um, And they you know, 58 00:03:18,480 --> 00:03:21,920 Speaker 1: in London they refer to the the metro system as 59 00:03:22,080 --> 00:03:25,880 Speaker 1: as tubes as the tube. The tube. Yeah, mind the gap, 60 00:03:26,160 --> 00:03:28,480 Speaker 1: Mind the gap. Don't get caught in that gap between 61 00:03:28,720 --> 00:03:31,919 Speaker 1: the rest of your life and the tube. So if 62 00:03:31,960 --> 00:03:35,240 Speaker 1: we go back to the science of how a pneumatic 63 00:03:35,280 --> 00:03:40,280 Speaker 1: tube works, then we're really talking about the concept of vacuum, 64 00:03:40,640 --> 00:03:43,920 Speaker 1: just vacuum cleaners, but you know, a vacuum, that thing 65 00:03:44,040 --> 00:03:47,480 Speaker 1: nature of wares. You guys, remember the first experiments on 66 00:03:47,520 --> 00:03:50,040 Speaker 1: this that we have documented date all the way back 67 00:03:50,040 --> 00:03:53,120 Speaker 1: to the ninth century. A D or c. E. Whichever 68 00:03:53,160 --> 00:03:59,760 Speaker 1: you prefer, philosopher named al Farabi used handheld plungers in water, 69 00:04:00,520 --> 00:04:03,520 Speaker 1: and through his experiments he realized the volume of air 70 00:04:04,280 --> 00:04:09,360 Speaker 1: would expand to fill any available space. Yeah, that's right. 71 00:04:09,480 --> 00:04:13,920 Speaker 1: There's a great article from gizmoto dot com a brief 72 00:04:13,960 --> 00:04:18,280 Speaker 1: history of the pneumatic to transport systems that explains the 73 00:04:18,400 --> 00:04:22,960 Speaker 1: very thing and that very discovery. And then after um 74 00:04:23,080 --> 00:04:29,160 Speaker 1: alpha Robbie's realization about the way vacuum works, scientists were 75 00:04:29,200 --> 00:04:33,080 Speaker 1: able to actually take this concept and manufacture this very 76 00:04:33,120 --> 00:04:38,400 Speaker 1: phenomenon um using those concepts that he uh he figured out. Yeah, Yeah, 77 00:04:38,600 --> 00:04:40,360 Speaker 1: here's what they found, and they said that they can 78 00:04:40,520 --> 00:04:43,840 Speaker 1: if you expand the volume of any container, you reduce 79 00:04:43,960 --> 00:04:48,120 Speaker 1: the pressure there and you can create a partial vacuum. 80 00:04:48,240 --> 00:04:51,720 Speaker 1: But as soon as air pushes inside that you know, 81 00:04:52,200 --> 00:04:56,039 Speaker 1: propelled by atmospheric pressure. Uh, you know, the vacuum is gone. 82 00:04:56,440 --> 00:05:01,360 Speaker 1: Unless you repeatedly seal the contain or pump the air out, 83 00:05:01,680 --> 00:05:03,880 Speaker 1: expanded again and close it off. If you do that, 84 00:05:04,120 --> 00:05:10,320 Speaker 1: you can create a sealed vacuum. So let's let's fast 85 00:05:10,360 --> 00:05:14,919 Speaker 1: forward with help from the Atlantic, who also has a 86 00:05:14,960 --> 00:05:19,280 Speaker 1: brief history of pneumatic tubes, to sixteen fifty. There's a 87 00:05:19,360 --> 00:05:22,800 Speaker 1: German scientist with this fantastic name. I thought you'd love 88 00:05:22,880 --> 00:05:29,760 Speaker 1: this one, Otto von Gurk Gurriki. Yeah, I don't know. Yeah, 89 00:05:29,839 --> 00:05:31,560 Speaker 1: let's see if what four of O has to say 90 00:05:31,560 --> 00:05:33,719 Speaker 1: about that. I bet you it's not gonna know. Um, 91 00:05:33,920 --> 00:05:36,640 Speaker 1: let's see we like doing miss live on air and 92 00:05:36,680 --> 00:05:43,960 Speaker 1: four of those says yeah, yeah, sort of like Garnica. Yeah, 93 00:05:44,720 --> 00:05:48,640 Speaker 1: but Gelica, Yeah exactly. So he invented the world's first 94 00:05:48,839 --> 00:05:53,120 Speaker 1: artificial vacuum. He took two copper hemispheres with rims that 95 00:05:53,160 --> 00:05:56,120 Speaker 1: fit really tightly together. He sealed the rim with Greece, 96 00:05:56,400 --> 00:05:58,479 Speaker 1: and then he pumped all the air out of it. 97 00:05:58,560 --> 00:06:01,039 Speaker 1: He had to invent, by the way, a special pump 98 00:06:01,160 --> 00:06:05,440 Speaker 1: to do this. And once he had created this first 99 00:06:06,240 --> 00:06:11,560 Speaker 1: artificial vacuum, he was surprised by how powerful the hold 100 00:06:11,680 --> 00:06:14,599 Speaker 1: on it was. He even got a team of get this, 101 00:06:14,760 --> 00:06:19,440 Speaker 1: eight horses on on one hemisphere of this big copper 102 00:06:19,440 --> 00:06:22,679 Speaker 1: globe he made, and another eight horses on the other side, 103 00:06:22,680 --> 00:06:25,720 Speaker 1: the other hemisphere, and then he, you know, he tried 104 00:06:25,760 --> 00:06:29,279 Speaker 1: to get a team of horses to literally pull these 105 00:06:29,279 --> 00:06:33,720 Speaker 1: hemispheres apart, and it didn't work. So not even not 106 00:06:33,839 --> 00:06:37,559 Speaker 1: even sixteen horses could tear this apart. And this went 107 00:06:37,800 --> 00:06:41,240 Speaker 1: viral in Europe, or their equivalent of viral. Right. The 108 00:06:41,320 --> 00:06:44,480 Speaker 1: founder of modern chemistry, Robert Boyle, even heard about it 109 00:06:44,560 --> 00:06:48,760 Speaker 1: over in England. People weren't able to replicate it because 110 00:06:48,760 --> 00:06:51,040 Speaker 1: it was expensive. And we'll see that there are some 111 00:06:51,080 --> 00:06:56,880 Speaker 1: technological challenges with uh pneumatic engines even in the modern day. 112 00:06:56,960 --> 00:07:01,880 Speaker 1: But um, as the Atlantic and Gizmoto report, Boyle was, 113 00:07:02,360 --> 00:07:07,279 Speaker 1: as it turns out, from a pretty wealthy and influential family. Um. 114 00:07:07,400 --> 00:07:12,200 Speaker 1: He was the son of the Earl of Cork. I 115 00:07:12,280 --> 00:07:15,880 Speaker 1: gotta wonder if corks were named after the Earl of 116 00:07:15,960 --> 00:07:20,760 Speaker 1: Cork or if it was probably of course, But he's 117 00:07:20,800 --> 00:07:24,760 Speaker 1: a silver spooner, he's a big time that's a good one. UM. 118 00:07:24,800 --> 00:07:30,160 Speaker 1: So he was able to finance um, this quite expensive contraption. 119 00:07:30,720 --> 00:07:34,880 Speaker 1: UM and he did just that. He UM got a 120 00:07:34,880 --> 00:07:36,520 Speaker 1: little help to do it though, a guy by the 121 00:07:36,600 --> 00:07:40,000 Speaker 1: name of Robert Hook right right to the creator of 122 00:07:40,120 --> 00:07:44,520 Speaker 1: micrographia or some physiological descriptions of minute bodies met by 123 00:07:44,560 --> 00:07:48,960 Speaker 1: magnifying glasses with observations and inquiries there. Yeah, this is 124 00:07:49,000 --> 00:07:53,760 Speaker 1: this is a tome um that outlines some pretty interesting 125 00:07:53,920 --> 00:07:59,200 Speaker 1: and at the time very forward thinking, uh, principles of 126 00:07:59,360 --> 00:08:03,720 Speaker 1: using micro scopes to examine natural phenomenon. Also, if you 127 00:08:03,800 --> 00:08:06,680 Speaker 1: ever are on a show like Jeopardy, you'll be interested 128 00:08:06,760 --> 00:08:10,400 Speaker 1: to know that micrographia is the tone in which we 129 00:08:10,480 --> 00:08:14,480 Speaker 1: see the biological term sell used for the first time. 130 00:08:14,600 --> 00:08:17,680 Speaker 1: That's where they coin it. So imagine that the more 131 00:08:17,760 --> 00:08:20,480 Speaker 1: you know the sound cue or something like that, I 132 00:08:20,480 --> 00:08:22,000 Speaker 1: think we'll get suited if we use it, but you 133 00:08:22,040 --> 00:08:24,520 Speaker 1: won't get the drift. And Hook was not only, you know, 134 00:08:24,600 --> 00:08:26,480 Speaker 1: the writer of this book and all these principles. He 135 00:08:26,520 --> 00:08:30,960 Speaker 1: actually invented the compound microscope and a lot of the 136 00:08:31,040 --> 00:08:34,079 Speaker 1: kind of theory behind how it works and the ability 137 00:08:34,160 --> 00:08:38,319 Speaker 1: to combine two lenses to see very small objects as 138 00:08:38,320 --> 00:08:41,679 Speaker 1: opposed to the telescope, which is a different principle that 139 00:08:41,720 --> 00:08:44,800 Speaker 1: allows you to view very large objects that are very 140 00:08:44,880 --> 00:08:48,559 Speaker 1: very far away. So I like that. I like that contrast. 141 00:08:48,640 --> 00:08:51,520 Speaker 1: So the thing about Hook is Not only was he 142 00:08:51,679 --> 00:08:54,240 Speaker 1: very smart guy, but he was also a little bit 143 00:08:54,280 --> 00:08:56,400 Speaker 1: of a gearhead, a bit of a grease monkey. And 144 00:08:56,440 --> 00:08:58,480 Speaker 1: it's a good thing that he was on Boyle's team 145 00:08:58,520 --> 00:09:04,240 Speaker 1: because boils design for this artificial vacuum was clunky, it 146 00:09:04,360 --> 00:09:10,160 Speaker 1: was notoriously cantankerous, and oftentimes, from what we understand, Hook 147 00:09:10,400 --> 00:09:13,040 Speaker 1: was literally the only person who could get the thing 148 00:09:13,160 --> 00:09:17,679 Speaker 1: to actually work. It didn't take long before other scientists 149 00:09:17,679 --> 00:09:22,800 Speaker 1: and other engineers figured out how to apply vacuum technology 150 00:09:22,880 --> 00:09:27,120 Speaker 1: to their inventions, and one of the most notable early 151 00:09:27,160 --> 00:09:32,120 Speaker 1: examples of this was the pneumatic tube transport system used 152 00:09:32,120 --> 00:09:37,000 Speaker 1: to deliver messages. This idea first came to us from 153 00:09:37,080 --> 00:09:41,400 Speaker 1: a Scottish engineer named William Murdock, and that was back 154 00:09:41,440 --> 00:09:46,560 Speaker 1: in the early nineteenth century. By the late nineteenth century, 155 00:09:46,559 --> 00:09:50,920 Speaker 1: by the eighteen nineties, there were networks of pneumatic tubes 156 00:09:51,640 --> 00:09:56,080 Speaker 1: shipping mail along under city streets and the tubes could 157 00:09:56,240 --> 00:09:58,840 Speaker 1: hold up to six letters, which makes me think they 158 00:09:58,840 --> 00:10:01,200 Speaker 1: were larger than the tubes you would see at your 159 00:10:01,240 --> 00:10:05,320 Speaker 1: local bank, and they traveled pretty quickly, around thirty five 160 00:10:05,520 --> 00:10:09,520 Speaker 1: miles an hour. And you saw the first introduction of 161 00:10:09,600 --> 00:10:14,120 Speaker 1: such tubes in Philadelphia, Boston, Brooklyn, New York, uh and 162 00:10:14,280 --> 00:10:19,000 Speaker 1: Chicago and St. Louis in around eight three. And you know, 163 00:10:19,120 --> 00:10:21,120 Speaker 1: this is kind of what we think of as the 164 00:10:21,679 --> 00:10:24,760 Speaker 1: version of this technology that stuck around, because it's really 165 00:10:24,800 --> 00:10:27,760 Speaker 1: not much different than ultimately what became those neumatic tubes 166 00:10:27,840 --> 00:10:29,760 Speaker 1: we think of at the banks right right, just on 167 00:10:29,880 --> 00:10:34,760 Speaker 1: a larger scale, by nine, just those six cities alone 168 00:10:35,040 --> 00:10:39,000 Speaker 1: had a total of fifty six miles of tubes that 169 00:10:39,040 --> 00:10:42,280 Speaker 1: were that were active, that were transporting parcels and letters. 170 00:10:42,600 --> 00:10:45,080 Speaker 1: And this was all under the street. You wouldn't be 171 00:10:45,120 --> 00:10:48,360 Speaker 1: walking by and just here a distant from as the 172 00:10:48,400 --> 00:10:52,920 Speaker 1: tube passed you at thirty. Logistical question, um, just just 173 00:10:53,120 --> 00:10:55,160 Speaker 1: uh I have for you, Ben, is would you need 174 00:10:55,200 --> 00:10:57,480 Speaker 1: psych sort of the equivalent of like an air traffic 175 00:10:57,520 --> 00:10:59,680 Speaker 1: controller for these tubes? I mean, if you've got like 176 00:10:59,800 --> 00:11:03,559 Speaker 1: that long of you know, network of these things, wouldn't 177 00:11:03,559 --> 00:11:06,480 Speaker 1: you risk potentially them getting clogged up or two tubes 178 00:11:06,559 --> 00:11:09,079 Speaker 1: banging into each other? Or how how that work? I 179 00:11:09,080 --> 00:11:11,199 Speaker 1: guess if you're sending one, it's always going to be 180 00:11:11,280 --> 00:11:13,120 Speaker 1: ahead of the other one, But are they being fed 181 00:11:13,520 --> 00:11:17,640 Speaker 1: by other other location? Kind of I wonder? I don't 182 00:11:17,640 --> 00:11:19,839 Speaker 1: And this is just me asking dumb questions that I 183 00:11:19,840 --> 00:11:21,800 Speaker 1: don't have the answer to which I know people love. 184 00:11:22,080 --> 00:11:25,680 Speaker 1: It's a it's a hub system, so you would shift 185 00:11:25,800 --> 00:11:29,080 Speaker 1: something to maybe a central hub, and if we're speculating, 186 00:11:29,120 --> 00:11:31,400 Speaker 1: there would be human beings in that hub who would 187 00:11:31,440 --> 00:11:34,400 Speaker 1: get a tube and then see its destination and put 188 00:11:34,440 --> 00:11:36,679 Speaker 1: it in another tube for that destination. Right. And the 189 00:11:36,720 --> 00:11:38,680 Speaker 1: closest thing we can see that I that I've witnessed 190 00:11:38,679 --> 00:11:40,960 Speaker 1: that is that very seen in Elf and any other 191 00:11:41,000 --> 00:11:43,160 Speaker 1: movie that they see a New York City mail room. 192 00:11:43,559 --> 00:11:45,800 Speaker 1: That's what's going on down there because they're using tubes 193 00:11:46,040 --> 00:11:50,000 Speaker 1: to transport things to different floors in the offices, etcetera. Um, 194 00:11:50,120 --> 00:11:52,440 Speaker 1: So there's a lot of sorting going on and you know, 195 00:11:52,520 --> 00:11:54,760 Speaker 1: the hub system and then putting it into the right 196 00:11:54,800 --> 00:11:56,640 Speaker 1: destination so it ends up where it needs to go. 197 00:11:57,040 --> 00:12:00,000 Speaker 1: And it plays a very pivotal role in the film 198 00:12:00,080 --> 00:12:02,160 Speaker 1: zill as well. There's a mix up with a peumatic 199 00:12:02,240 --> 00:12:05,560 Speaker 1: tube and uh really messes up that tuttle and buttle 200 00:12:05,559 --> 00:12:08,840 Speaker 1: Guys Lives. That's right Tuttle to the old Tuttle buttle 201 00:12:09,280 --> 00:12:12,560 Speaker 1: mix up from Terry Gilliams Brazil Casey on the case 202 00:12:12,640 --> 00:12:15,840 Speaker 1: dropping the film knowledge. If you haven't seen that one, 203 00:12:15,840 --> 00:12:18,640 Speaker 1: that's a really really fun movie. I have got some 204 00:12:18,760 --> 00:12:21,199 Speaker 1: problems now with the director. Did you hear what he 205 00:12:21,559 --> 00:12:27,720 Speaker 1: did recently? Is Gilliam canceled? Uh? He's, he's he said 206 00:12:27,760 --> 00:12:31,680 Speaker 1: some stuff that felt very Guilliam. He's, he's he's got 207 00:12:31,760 --> 00:12:35,520 Speaker 1: the full boomer mindset, you know, he's he's a much 208 00:12:35,520 --> 00:12:41,480 Speaker 1: older guy, and he's he's not with the times. Let's say, yeah, yeah, 209 00:12:41,480 --> 00:12:44,480 Speaker 1: but maybe maybe that's a story for a different day. 210 00:12:45,120 --> 00:12:47,240 Speaker 1: He did have a great he did have a great 211 00:12:47,280 --> 00:12:50,760 Speaker 1: run with Brazil. No one's arguing that. Here's the thing, though, 212 00:12:51,080 --> 00:12:54,400 Speaker 1: you know one group, one industry group that will always 213 00:12:55,280 --> 00:12:57,719 Speaker 1: be an early adopter for something that could help with 214 00:12:57,760 --> 00:13:01,080 Speaker 1: a profit, it's gonna be Wall Street. So noeumatic post 215 00:13:01,120 --> 00:13:06,720 Speaker 1: systems began as delivery services for the stock market, and 216 00:13:06,800 --> 00:13:09,400 Speaker 1: think about it. You know, it's all about timing, right, 217 00:13:09,480 --> 00:13:12,000 Speaker 1: It's all about the trade, and so you want to 218 00:13:12,000 --> 00:13:14,240 Speaker 1: know when to buy, the best moment to buy, the 219 00:13:14,280 --> 00:13:18,480 Speaker 1: best moment to sell. And they would, you know, they 220 00:13:18,600 --> 00:13:21,680 Speaker 1: like you didn't have a chance once the telegraph arose. 221 00:13:21,679 --> 00:13:24,559 Speaker 1: You didn't have a chance of making serious money if 222 00:13:24,600 --> 00:13:27,760 Speaker 1: you had to send something through post weight days or 223 00:13:27,840 --> 00:13:30,679 Speaker 1: weeks for someone to say, Okay, buy it now, even 224 00:13:30,720 --> 00:13:34,720 Speaker 1: though the price changed, and even telegraphs would get held 225 00:13:34,840 --> 00:13:38,200 Speaker 1: up at the telegraphs somewhere between the telegraph office and 226 00:13:38,240 --> 00:13:41,439 Speaker 1: the stock exchange, and so a tube could just I'm 227 00:13:41,440 --> 00:13:44,480 Speaker 1: gonna turn bump into a verb. A tube could just 228 00:13:44,679 --> 00:13:48,480 Speaker 1: vomp a message to the to connect the stock Exchange 229 00:13:48,760 --> 00:13:51,880 Speaker 1: to the central station of the Electric Telegraph Company. This 230 00:13:51,960 --> 00:13:55,000 Speaker 1: happened in London in eighteen fifty three. They built a 231 00:13:55,040 --> 00:13:58,240 Speaker 1: six hundred sixty ft tube to do just that, and 232 00:13:58,280 --> 00:14:01,400 Speaker 1: then these things started popping up all around the world. 233 00:14:01,840 --> 00:14:05,520 Speaker 1: All Europe was riddled with tubes at a time. Yes, 234 00:14:05,600 --> 00:14:08,440 Speaker 1: Slate does a great job of outlining some of these 235 00:14:08,480 --> 00:14:12,680 Speaker 1: original pneumatic tubes. Um that are, you know, the networks 236 00:14:12,679 --> 00:14:15,240 Speaker 1: of them beneath New York City. And an article by 237 00:14:15,320 --> 00:14:18,560 Speaker 1: Ella morton Um that I highly recommend is actually Anatlas 238 00:14:18,600 --> 00:14:21,520 Speaker 1: Obscure article that was really on their bloge. Yeah, that's right, 239 00:14:21,520 --> 00:14:25,320 Speaker 1: that was republished on Slate. That's right. Yeah, that's right. 240 00:14:25,400 --> 00:14:29,120 Speaker 1: Zooming through the tubes, the pneumatic male networks hidden under 241 00:14:29,200 --> 00:14:37,560 Speaker 1: city streets. So we know that they all started around 242 00:14:37,600 --> 00:14:40,360 Speaker 1: the same time or the same era. What some of 243 00:14:40,440 --> 00:14:44,960 Speaker 1: us might find surprising is that although these systems of 244 00:14:45,000 --> 00:14:48,520 Speaker 1: tubes clearly wouldn't last forever, some of them were very 245 00:14:48,600 --> 00:14:52,280 Speaker 1: long lived. The one in Paris was in operation until 246 00:14:52,440 --> 00:14:56,720 Speaker 1: nineteen eighty four, and rumor has it again that's from 247 00:14:56,720 --> 00:15:00,320 Speaker 1: the Skismotor article that the UK House of Commons still 248 00:15:00,360 --> 00:15:04,160 Speaker 1: has a pneumatic tube system in place for its telephones. 249 00:15:04,680 --> 00:15:08,480 Speaker 1: And just like an elf, you can find older buildings 250 00:15:08,560 --> 00:15:11,680 Speaker 1: in New York that still have at least the skeleton 251 00:15:12,280 --> 00:15:15,040 Speaker 1: of those pneumatic male systems in place, so they may 252 00:15:15,120 --> 00:15:17,720 Speaker 1: not be working, but you can still see that the 253 00:15:17,720 --> 00:15:20,200 Speaker 1: tubes are around. No, could you tell us maybe a 254 00:15:20,240 --> 00:15:23,480 Speaker 1: little bit about the Big Apples tubes? Yeah, well, first 255 00:15:23,520 --> 00:15:24,600 Speaker 1: of all, I will say if you do want to 256 00:15:24,680 --> 00:15:28,320 Speaker 1: check them out. As of February of this article on 257 00:15:28,560 --> 00:15:32,320 Speaker 1: the Culture trip dot com was published, you can still 258 00:15:32,480 --> 00:15:37,920 Speaker 1: see UM pneumatic tube systems on display in the the 259 00:15:37,960 --> 00:15:41,680 Speaker 1: New York Humanities and Social Sciences Library, but after a 260 00:15:42,520 --> 00:15:46,440 Speaker 1: renovation UM pretty recently they weren't there, no longer operational. 261 00:15:46,480 --> 00:15:49,680 Speaker 1: But yeah, I mean the Big Apple is lousy with tubes. 262 00:15:50,160 --> 00:15:54,160 Speaker 1: They started in around like you said, around the same 263 00:15:54,160 --> 00:15:56,840 Speaker 1: time as as the other. Um, the other tubes came 264 00:15:56,880 --> 00:16:01,200 Speaker 1: into being, and there was a twenty evan mile route 265 00:16:01,440 --> 00:16:06,320 Speaker 1: connecting twenty three different New York City post offices. Uh. 266 00:16:06,360 --> 00:16:09,240 Speaker 1: And we had them stretching from the east side to 267 00:16:09,320 --> 00:16:12,680 Speaker 1: the west side of Manhattan. Um. You had going a 268 00:16:12,760 --> 00:16:15,640 Speaker 1: route for going from Bowling Green to Wall Street and 269 00:16:15,680 --> 00:16:22,120 Speaker 1: then way up north to East Harlem and Manhattanville. Ah. Yes, Manhattanville. 270 00:16:22,200 --> 00:16:25,200 Speaker 1: Does that sound very simpson esque? It does. It sounds 271 00:16:25,240 --> 00:16:28,440 Speaker 1: like sort of like a miniature of Manhattan, like a 272 00:16:28,520 --> 00:16:32,600 Speaker 1: diminutive Manhattan. It's it's like a one fifth scale of 273 00:16:32,680 --> 00:16:37,280 Speaker 1: Manhattan scale Manhattan and every building has a put putt course. 274 00:16:37,520 --> 00:16:40,840 Speaker 1: And then you have manhattan Burg just a little further away. 275 00:16:40,920 --> 00:16:43,680 Speaker 1: But don't go to Manhattan Town. That place is just 276 00:16:44,800 --> 00:16:47,160 Speaker 1: a wash in urban decay. You're not welcome there. No 277 00:16:47,200 --> 00:16:51,240 Speaker 1: one is welcome in Manhattan too. So we know thanks 278 00:16:51,280 --> 00:16:56,280 Speaker 1: to this article by Robert Cohen writing for the US 279 00:16:56,360 --> 00:17:01,080 Speaker 1: Postal Service, that the first cylinder to to travel through 280 00:17:01,440 --> 00:17:05,840 Speaker 1: New York the first actual you know, individual tube contained 281 00:17:05,880 --> 00:17:09,280 Speaker 1: the following, a Bible, a flag, and a copy of 282 00:17:09,320 --> 00:17:15,920 Speaker 1: the Constitution. The second tube contained a fake peach. Oh, 283 00:17:16,000 --> 00:17:19,040 Speaker 1: that's a that's a head scratcher to what end? Why 284 00:17:19,040 --> 00:17:24,080 Speaker 1: not send a real peach? Well, Uh, Senator Chauncey Depew, 285 00:17:24,960 --> 00:17:29,200 Speaker 1: who had the street name the Peach it was, was 286 00:17:29,440 --> 00:17:31,919 Speaker 1: involved in the creation of this system, so this was 287 00:17:32,280 --> 00:17:35,840 Speaker 1: honoring him. But how much it was a fake peach anyway, 288 00:17:35,880 --> 00:17:37,960 Speaker 1: it was a different time. Yeah, we had some living 289 00:17:38,000 --> 00:17:41,000 Speaker 1: things transported through there as well, including a black cat, 290 00:17:41,440 --> 00:17:43,720 Speaker 1: and nobody quite knows why. Um that, I don't know. 291 00:17:43,720 --> 00:17:45,640 Speaker 1: They were just making sure. It's sort of like sending 292 00:17:45,680 --> 00:17:47,919 Speaker 1: a monkey into space, you know, or that what's that 293 00:17:48,200 --> 00:17:51,399 Speaker 1: space dog? Like like poor like that one didn't go 294 00:17:51,480 --> 00:17:54,960 Speaker 1: so well. I learned a really heartwarming sad thing about 295 00:17:54,960 --> 00:17:59,280 Speaker 1: her recently. Yeah that story rex me dude. Yeah, the scientists, 296 00:17:59,400 --> 00:18:03,040 Speaker 1: the sciencest who we're going to send her up into space. 297 00:18:03,080 --> 00:18:05,359 Speaker 1: Of course they bonded with her because they're not monsters. 298 00:18:05,960 --> 00:18:10,360 Speaker 1: And the night before they launched, like into space, one 299 00:18:10,359 --> 00:18:14,520 Speaker 1: of the scientists took her home to meet his family 300 00:18:14,760 --> 00:18:17,959 Speaker 1: and let she got to play with the kids. At 301 00:18:18,040 --> 00:18:21,040 Speaker 1: least that's something. Hopefully she remembered that as she was 302 00:18:21,720 --> 00:18:25,040 Speaker 1: all right, Okay, as far as we know, the black 303 00:18:25,080 --> 00:18:29,359 Speaker 1: cat was okay. One of my favorite little anecdotes, Um, 304 00:18:29,680 --> 00:18:31,960 Speaker 1: from that same article, as they actually used the tube 305 00:18:32,200 --> 00:18:37,840 Speaker 1: to send sandwiches um from the Bronx to downtown post offices, 306 00:18:38,000 --> 00:18:40,399 Speaker 1: which means that the people who worked at the post 307 00:18:40,400 --> 00:18:43,399 Speaker 1: office like, hey, why don't we just I don't want 308 00:18:43,400 --> 00:18:45,680 Speaker 1: to go outside, Why don't we just tube some sandwiches up? 309 00:18:46,280 --> 00:18:48,480 Speaker 1: I am envious of that? Now. Can you imagine if 310 00:18:48,520 --> 00:18:51,280 Speaker 1: we could just tube food? That would be so out 311 00:18:51,280 --> 00:18:53,520 Speaker 1: of shape. I would just tubes stuff. Well, I mean 312 00:18:53,560 --> 00:18:55,960 Speaker 1: we have the modern equivalent of that, which is grub 313 00:18:56,080 --> 00:18:58,680 Speaker 1: Hubb or door dash or postmates. Yeah, but you don't 314 00:18:58,680 --> 00:19:01,320 Speaker 1: have to walk outside if you're just tubes to you 315 00:19:01,560 --> 00:19:03,439 Speaker 1: do actually they come, you have to walk outside. Just 316 00:19:03,480 --> 00:19:05,720 Speaker 1: cracked the door, just like put a note just saying 317 00:19:05,840 --> 00:19:08,359 Speaker 1: leave it on the even on the doormat. I don't 318 00:19:08,400 --> 00:19:12,159 Speaker 1: want to see another human. Have you done that? Of course? Wow, 319 00:19:12,440 --> 00:19:14,560 Speaker 1: just leave it on the door, Leave it on the door, 320 00:19:14,720 --> 00:19:17,479 Speaker 1: leave it on the doorstep. Not you know, don't just 321 00:19:17,560 --> 00:19:20,120 Speaker 1: throw it at the door. That would be in poor form. 322 00:19:20,320 --> 00:19:24,520 Speaker 1: That's malicious compliance. If anything. So we know a little 323 00:19:24,520 --> 00:19:28,200 Speaker 1: bit more about this system. The pneumatic tubes were somewhere 324 00:19:28,240 --> 00:19:31,080 Speaker 1: on an average between four to six ft underneath the 325 00:19:31,119 --> 00:19:35,040 Speaker 1: city streets. They were owned by private companies and the 326 00:19:35,080 --> 00:19:39,200 Speaker 1: city paid them for rent and labor. According to the 327 00:19:39,280 --> 00:19:45,400 Speaker 1: author of the works, Kate Asher, this system wasn't perfect. 328 00:19:45,600 --> 00:19:50,480 Speaker 1: It had high operating cost and Asher attributes these high 329 00:19:50,480 --> 00:19:55,840 Speaker 1: operating costs to its eventual downfall in New York by incording. 330 00:19:55,960 --> 00:19:59,080 Speaker 1: This is an excerpt from the works. The federal government 331 00:19:59,119 --> 00:20:02,919 Speaker 1: considered the rental payments made by the Post Office to 332 00:20:02,920 --> 00:20:04,879 Speaker 1: be exorbitant, and they said, we have to find a 333 00:20:04,920 --> 00:20:09,360 Speaker 1: new alternative with a greater capacity for transport. That ended 334 00:20:09,440 --> 00:20:13,000 Speaker 1: up being the automobile. Hey, Betton, you're probably wondering how 335 00:20:13,040 --> 00:20:16,760 Speaker 1: how much were the annual rental payments. They were pretty steep. 336 00:20:17,119 --> 00:20:21,240 Speaker 1: In nineteen eighteen, it was seventeen thousand dollars per mile 337 00:20:21,640 --> 00:20:24,560 Speaker 1: per year. So it's not seventeen thousand dollars for the 338 00:20:24,600 --> 00:20:28,639 Speaker 1: whole thing, it's seventeen thousand dollars for one mile. You 339 00:20:28,640 --> 00:20:32,560 Speaker 1: can see the argument there. It does feel very expensive. 340 00:20:33,160 --> 00:20:38,080 Speaker 1: But contractors and some other stakeholders didn't want the tube 341 00:20:38,080 --> 00:20:41,520 Speaker 1: to go away. They were making money hand over vacuum, 342 00:20:41,920 --> 00:20:46,440 Speaker 1: and they a bunch of contractors got together and successfully 343 00:20:46,520 --> 00:20:49,760 Speaker 1: lobbied for the reinstatement of the pneumatic mail service in 344 00:20:49,840 --> 00:20:53,120 Speaker 1: nineteen two, so it was just out of commission from 345 00:20:53,160 --> 00:20:56,840 Speaker 1: eighteen to twenty two, and then it continued on until 346 00:20:56,880 --> 00:21:04,040 Speaker 1: about nineteen fifty. Read the Parisian system which lasted. You know, 347 00:21:04,080 --> 00:21:07,199 Speaker 1: as we said, tilt covered a lot longer distance two, 348 00:21:07,240 --> 00:21:10,200 Speaker 1: didn't it. Yeah, yeah, yeah, it's like two sixty nine miles. 349 00:21:10,280 --> 00:21:15,120 Speaker 1: That's crazy. So casey um, is Paris a a proportionately 350 00:21:15,240 --> 00:21:20,239 Speaker 1: larger geographic area than New York City. It's it's New 351 00:21:20,320 --> 00:21:23,360 Speaker 1: York is way way bigger. So why why why why 352 00:21:23,440 --> 00:21:25,520 Speaker 1: was the Why was the route in Paris so much longer? 353 00:21:25,600 --> 00:21:27,280 Speaker 1: Do you think? I guess because it was criss crossing 354 00:21:27,280 --> 00:21:29,000 Speaker 1: all over the place, right, that must be sort of 355 00:21:29,040 --> 00:21:32,240 Speaker 1: like how you have miles and miles of stuff inside you. Yeah, 356 00:21:32,240 --> 00:21:34,840 Speaker 1: that's that's that's a good point, because I guess it 357 00:21:34,920 --> 00:21:38,360 Speaker 1: seemed like Paris um really nailed it a little more, 358 00:21:38,359 --> 00:21:40,280 Speaker 1: and maybe it was more functional and it was less 359 00:21:40,320 --> 00:21:42,240 Speaker 1: of a novelty, like they were really using it much 360 00:21:42,240 --> 00:21:44,119 Speaker 1: more functionally than New York when in New York it 361 00:21:44,160 --> 00:21:45,840 Speaker 1: was maybe a little bit more of like a I 362 00:21:45,880 --> 00:21:48,240 Speaker 1: don't know, what do you well? How American is this 363 00:21:48,760 --> 00:21:51,119 Speaker 1: part of the expense for the New York tubes was 364 00:21:51,200 --> 00:21:55,080 Speaker 1: due to the size and diameter. The Parisian tubes were, 365 00:21:55,920 --> 00:21:59,720 Speaker 1: I think much more slender. They were. They were not 366 00:22:00,000 --> 00:22:02,199 Speaker 1: supercise like the New York winds they were. There were 367 00:22:02,240 --> 00:22:05,159 Speaker 1: only two inches in diameter. So you could send like 368 00:22:05,359 --> 00:22:07,679 Speaker 1: a letter, you know what I mean. You could not 369 00:22:07,800 --> 00:22:11,280 Speaker 1: send a cat, not a regular sized cat. You could say, 370 00:22:11,320 --> 00:22:16,240 Speaker 1: maybe like like a miniature cat, like kitten. Yeah, cat, 371 00:22:17,080 --> 00:22:18,879 Speaker 1: that's where I was. That's the one. I could just 372 00:22:18,920 --> 00:22:21,400 Speaker 1: send a litter of kittens though. That seems cruel. No, 373 00:22:21,520 --> 00:22:23,800 Speaker 1: that seems not just one these tubes, I mean, where 374 00:22:23,800 --> 00:22:25,359 Speaker 1: any of them? So tell me again? The diameter of 375 00:22:25,359 --> 00:22:28,600 Speaker 1: been only two inches, so it really was just designed 376 00:22:28,600 --> 00:22:31,400 Speaker 1: for sending like handheld items. Yeah, I don't even think 377 00:22:31,400 --> 00:22:33,200 Speaker 1: you could fit a kitten in there. Have we talked 378 00:22:33,280 --> 00:22:38,280 Speaker 1: yet about the notion of sending larger cargo through pneumatic tubes? Yes, 379 00:22:38,320 --> 00:22:43,240 Speaker 1: we absolutely should. You see, why stop with a fake peach? 380 00:22:43,359 --> 00:22:47,399 Speaker 1: Why stop with a real cat? Why not go all 381 00:22:47,520 --> 00:22:52,320 Speaker 1: the way? Why not make a pneumatic transport system for 382 00:22:52,640 --> 00:23:00,800 Speaker 1: human passengers? In An inventor named George Medhurst a similar idea. 383 00:23:00,880 --> 00:23:02,960 Speaker 1: He said, Okay, he's one of those people who said 384 00:23:03,000 --> 00:23:07,240 Speaker 1: we could move things pneumatically using the power of vacuum. Uh. 385 00:23:07,640 --> 00:23:09,639 Speaker 1: His idea was to do it through cast iron pipes, 386 00:23:09,680 --> 00:23:12,840 Speaker 1: which be incredibly heavy. But in eight twelve he said, 387 00:23:12,880 --> 00:23:16,280 Speaker 1: you know what if we just if if the mechanism 388 00:23:16,320 --> 00:23:19,000 Speaker 1: is sound, we can just build a bigger tube and 389 00:23:19,080 --> 00:23:21,600 Speaker 1: we can put people in them. We can make u 390 00:23:21,920 --> 00:23:26,640 Speaker 1: He called them passenger carriages. So the unfortunate thing about 391 00:23:26,680 --> 00:23:29,240 Speaker 1: Medhurst is he never actually got around to building this. 392 00:23:29,920 --> 00:23:33,040 Speaker 1: He didn't have a pump that could create enough power 393 00:23:33,080 --> 00:23:35,120 Speaker 1: to be a people mover, you know what I mean. 394 00:23:35,440 --> 00:23:37,240 Speaker 1: It reminds me a little bit of the hyper loop, 395 00:23:37,440 --> 00:23:43,240 Speaker 1: the Elon Musk, which isn't powered by air pumps, but 396 00:23:43,280 --> 00:23:45,800 Speaker 1: the idea is to reduce friction as much as possible, 397 00:23:45,920 --> 00:23:48,800 Speaker 1: and it does travel in in a tube. It's a 398 00:23:48,920 --> 00:23:52,560 Speaker 1: very high powered um people mover that would go from 399 00:23:52,640 --> 00:23:55,240 Speaker 1: l A to San Francisco. Yeah. And the thing about 400 00:23:55,280 --> 00:23:57,560 Speaker 1: that is the science is sound. It would work. It's 401 00:23:57,600 --> 00:23:59,800 Speaker 1: just got a very high buy in cost, you know. 402 00:23:59,840 --> 00:24:03,800 Speaker 1: And I mean, and that happens anytime you're building infrastructure 403 00:24:03,880 --> 00:24:09,200 Speaker 1: of that size. We we know that before. By the way, 404 00:24:09,240 --> 00:24:11,280 Speaker 1: just on the record, I've talked about this on a 405 00:24:11,280 --> 00:24:13,560 Speaker 1: different show. But I'm a huge fan of the hyperloop. 406 00:24:13,680 --> 00:24:16,320 Speaker 1: It's it's crazy. I don't know if it will ever 407 00:24:16,359 --> 00:24:19,439 Speaker 1: get built, but gosh, I hope it does. We know 408 00:24:19,560 --> 00:24:22,720 Speaker 1: that before the hyperloop, there were people in the mid 409 00:24:22,720 --> 00:24:27,000 Speaker 1: eighteen hundreds that we're trying to build something like this. 410 00:24:27,080 --> 00:24:31,960 Speaker 1: They were called atmospheric railways. They were in Ireland, London 411 00:24:32,080 --> 00:24:36,520 Speaker 1: and Paris. And the thing about London that's interesting is 412 00:24:36,640 --> 00:24:40,560 Speaker 1: their system was just designed to transport packages, but it 413 00:24:40,680 --> 00:24:44,639 Speaker 1: was already large enough to transport people. The Duke of 414 00:24:44,680 --> 00:24:49,000 Speaker 1: Buckingham and several members of the Board of Directors of 415 00:24:49,040 --> 00:24:53,919 Speaker 1: the London Pneumatic Dispatch actually did go through a pneumatic tube. 416 00:24:54,240 --> 00:24:58,240 Speaker 1: They rode one on October tenth, eighteen six to celebrate 417 00:24:58,359 --> 00:25:01,480 Speaker 1: a new station, a new just batch station being opened. 418 00:25:02,000 --> 00:25:05,800 Speaker 1: And then later in eighteen sixty four there was a 419 00:25:06,640 --> 00:25:10,120 Speaker 1: i would say a prototype, a concept you know, that 420 00:25:10,240 --> 00:25:14,280 Speaker 1: was shown at the Crystal Palace and they said, look, 421 00:25:14,320 --> 00:25:17,000 Speaker 1: we're gonna build a We're gonna build a real version 422 00:25:17,000 --> 00:25:20,680 Speaker 1: of this. It's gonna connect Waterloo and Charring Cross by 423 00:25:20,800 --> 00:25:25,040 Speaker 1: running under the tims. And this is interesting because they're 424 00:25:25,400 --> 00:25:29,000 Speaker 1: this exhibit train was powered by this gigantic fan it 425 00:25:29,080 --> 00:25:31,679 Speaker 1: was like twenty two ft across, and then that was 426 00:25:31,760 --> 00:25:34,680 Speaker 1: charged by a steam engine. And so they would they would, 427 00:25:34,760 --> 00:25:36,600 Speaker 1: you know, get the fan up to speed to push 428 00:25:36,600 --> 00:25:39,000 Speaker 1: the tube, and then they would just they would literally 429 00:25:39,040 --> 00:25:41,880 Speaker 1: reverse the direction was going into pull the tube. See 430 00:25:41,880 --> 00:25:44,679 Speaker 1: that seems to be the inherent flaw and large scale 431 00:25:44,760 --> 00:25:47,920 Speaker 1: versions of this thing that the infrastructure is just that 432 00:25:48,080 --> 00:25:52,960 Speaker 1: it's super large and requires a quite large um power source, 433 00:25:53,440 --> 00:25:57,480 Speaker 1: uh to generate that much suction, right, yeah, yeah, absolutely. 434 00:25:58,040 --> 00:26:00,399 Speaker 1: They were in a situation, the species was in a 435 00:26:00,480 --> 00:26:05,600 Speaker 1: situation where we were thinking, Okay, the potential here is amazing. 436 00:26:06,080 --> 00:26:08,840 Speaker 1: Now we just have to be smart enough to figure 437 00:26:08,840 --> 00:26:11,879 Speaker 1: out the details. And a lot of people would would 438 00:26:11,880 --> 00:26:14,240 Speaker 1: see one example of this somewhere in the world or 439 00:26:14,280 --> 00:26:17,040 Speaker 1: here about it and say I'm gonna build my own version, 440 00:26:17,119 --> 00:26:19,920 Speaker 1: and I'm going to build a better version. This leads 441 00:26:19,960 --> 00:26:24,399 Speaker 1: us to a fellow named Alfred ELI Beach. He saw 442 00:26:24,480 --> 00:26:27,800 Speaker 1: these pneumatic two prototypes in London, and he was a 443 00:26:27,840 --> 00:26:31,240 Speaker 1: resident of the US and and this stuff moved him man. 444 00:26:31,359 --> 00:26:34,800 Speaker 1: He published an article in eighteen forty nine in Scientific 445 00:26:34,800 --> 00:26:38,480 Speaker 1: American where he said, let's build an underground subway. Uh, well, 446 00:26:38,520 --> 00:26:41,760 Speaker 1: we'll build it under under Broadway. It'll be in Manhattan, 447 00:26:42,160 --> 00:26:45,480 Speaker 1: will use horse drawn cars to carry passengers. So he 448 00:26:45,560 --> 00:26:48,679 Speaker 1: was already kind of thinking about people moving technology. And 449 00:26:48,720 --> 00:26:51,879 Speaker 1: by the way, just people mover, I think is maybe 450 00:26:51,960 --> 00:26:58,280 Speaker 1: something from Epcot that I'm just sort of appropriating. But 451 00:26:58,280 --> 00:27:01,040 Speaker 1: but things change for Beat when he finds out about 452 00:27:01,080 --> 00:27:05,720 Speaker 1: pneumatics and he is raving about it in eighteen seventy. 453 00:27:06,040 --> 00:27:11,320 Speaker 1: He says, a tube a car over evolving fan. That's easy, 454 00:27:12,200 --> 00:27:15,520 Speaker 1: it's required. You know. You can picture him sort of 455 00:27:15,600 --> 00:27:22,360 Speaker 1: like uh tweeling his fingers together. So he built his prototype, 456 00:27:22,359 --> 00:27:26,000 Speaker 1: but it was an above ground model and he brought 457 00:27:26,040 --> 00:27:30,200 Speaker 1: it out at the American Institute Fair in eighteen sixty seven. 458 00:27:30,800 --> 00:27:33,439 Speaker 1: We have a little bit of a description about this 459 00:27:33,520 --> 00:27:35,840 Speaker 1: and how it worked. Yeah, that's what she might buy 460 00:27:35,880 --> 00:27:39,400 Speaker 1: today's standards call a little bit low fi, a little 461 00:27:39,400 --> 00:27:41,399 Speaker 1: bit d I Y. It was a woman, not d 462 00:27:41,480 --> 00:27:43,560 Speaker 1: I Y. It was definitely like a big undertaking. But 463 00:27:43,800 --> 00:27:46,320 Speaker 1: it sounds a little rudimentary, but and a little bit 464 00:27:46,400 --> 00:27:49,520 Speaker 1: like a novelty honestly, right, Um, So it really wasn't 465 00:27:49,680 --> 00:27:55,040 Speaker 1: much more than uh six foot uh diameter one foot 466 00:27:55,119 --> 00:27:59,040 Speaker 1: long wooden too, which seems really problematic with woods. He 467 00:27:59,160 --> 00:28:01,800 Speaker 1: was a lot of fiction, right well poor as sure 468 00:28:01,880 --> 00:28:03,560 Speaker 1: wouldn't say of the elements, but also seems like it 469 00:28:03,600 --> 00:28:06,880 Speaker 1: would just kind of splinter as as as the as 470 00:28:06,920 --> 00:28:10,280 Speaker 1: the the two moved through it, um or as the 471 00:28:10,320 --> 00:28:13,520 Speaker 1: whatever the receptacle I guess moved through it. But um 472 00:28:13,560 --> 00:28:17,360 Speaker 1: it was a small carriage that would hold about ted 473 00:28:17,440 --> 00:28:20,960 Speaker 1: folks and it would be this car sort of like 474 00:28:21,000 --> 00:28:25,040 Speaker 1: almost like a funhouse ride, would be pushed through by 475 00:28:25,240 --> 00:28:28,640 Speaker 1: air pressure created by another one of these giant fans. 476 00:28:28,680 --> 00:28:31,880 Speaker 1: But you know, this is this is like to adopt 477 00:28:31,960 --> 00:28:34,680 Speaker 1: this kind of this is for lack of this is technology. 478 00:28:34,840 --> 00:28:37,160 Speaker 1: You really have to get buy in, you know, from 479 00:28:37,160 --> 00:28:39,840 Speaker 1: the folks that are in charge of allowing people to 480 00:28:39,880 --> 00:28:42,760 Speaker 1: do construction. And that's the that's a big deal. Even 481 00:28:42,760 --> 00:28:45,720 Speaker 1: today we see it with things like infrastructure and updating 482 00:28:45,920 --> 00:28:48,440 Speaker 1: you know, uh, fiber cable, and you know, you have 483 00:28:48,520 --> 00:28:51,920 Speaker 1: to like completely be in business with the city. And 484 00:28:52,000 --> 00:28:54,760 Speaker 1: he could not make that argument well enough, so he 485 00:28:54,800 --> 00:28:57,040 Speaker 1: was not allowed to do the construction because he would 486 00:28:57,040 --> 00:29:00,840 Speaker 1: have had to construct these underground network of these weird 487 00:29:00,840 --> 00:29:04,800 Speaker 1: wooden tubes. Yeah. Yeah, and there's a little bit of 488 00:29:04,840 --> 00:29:11,600 Speaker 1: conspiratorial speculation there for Beach, because you'll hear different accounts 489 00:29:11,680 --> 00:29:16,440 Speaker 1: arguing that the infamous Boss Tweed and his cabal of 490 00:29:16,600 --> 00:29:23,720 Speaker 1: wealthy elites uh in the neighborhood actually blocked beaches planned 491 00:29:23,880 --> 00:29:27,160 Speaker 1: because it competed with their own financial interests. Well, that's right, 492 00:29:27,200 --> 00:29:30,440 Speaker 1: and this is like what you would consider a disruptive technology. 493 00:29:30,520 --> 00:29:34,760 Speaker 1: I mean, it had the potential to um replace other 494 00:29:35,000 --> 00:29:39,200 Speaker 1: more traditional modes of transportation. And it's also pretty environmentally 495 00:29:39,720 --> 00:29:41,800 Speaker 1: uh sound. I guess if you think about it, if 496 00:29:41,800 --> 00:29:44,400 Speaker 1: it's just using air and not fuel, but I guess 497 00:29:44,440 --> 00:29:47,720 Speaker 1: you know, those air pumps would have to be powered somehow. 498 00:29:47,800 --> 00:29:50,080 Speaker 1: Do we know if they were fuel powered or if 499 00:29:50,120 --> 00:29:53,840 Speaker 1: it was electric? You know, I wonder it wouldn't matter though, 500 00:29:53,880 --> 00:29:56,440 Speaker 1: because Tweed wasn't going to let them build it. If 501 00:29:56,480 --> 00:30:00,840 Speaker 1: you believe that, you know, the more the more stationalized 502 00:30:00,880 --> 00:30:10,080 Speaker 1: accounts of history. But Beach did not give up. He said, 503 00:30:10,440 --> 00:30:13,920 Speaker 1: here's what he did. He in Chicago. He said, Okay, 504 00:30:14,040 --> 00:30:16,120 Speaker 1: I get it, guys. Maybe it's a little off my 505 00:30:16,200 --> 00:30:18,840 Speaker 1: kit on that one, but let me build you a 506 00:30:18,840 --> 00:30:23,640 Speaker 1: pneumatic mail delivery system. Let's be reasonable. And he began 507 00:30:23,720 --> 00:30:26,600 Speaker 1: building it. But he was lying to them. He was 508 00:30:26,600 --> 00:30:32,240 Speaker 1: actually building an underground pneumatic subway anyway, and in February 509 00:30:32,320 --> 00:30:38,760 Speaker 1: eighteen seventy he unveils the creation. Everybody loves it because 510 00:30:39,280 --> 00:30:44,280 Speaker 1: the station is luxurious. There's a grand piano, chandeliers, there's 511 00:30:44,320 --> 00:30:47,000 Speaker 1: a fountain as Goldfish, which will come into play in 512 00:30:47,000 --> 00:30:51,360 Speaker 1: a future episode of Ridiculous History. Uh. He charged people 513 00:30:51,400 --> 00:30:55,920 Speaker 1: twenty five cents to ride a block, and he kept 514 00:30:55,960 --> 00:31:00,000 Speaker 1: fighting for three years after that to get the permission 515 00:31:00,120 --> 00:31:03,000 Speaker 1: from the city to extend his line. He wanted it 516 00:31:03,040 --> 00:31:05,680 Speaker 1: to go all the way to Central Park. He did 517 00:31:05,720 --> 00:31:08,680 Speaker 1: eventually succeed. He must have made peace with the powers 518 00:31:08,720 --> 00:31:12,240 Speaker 1: that be, and they might have had much more success, 519 00:31:12,320 --> 00:31:17,080 Speaker 1: might have even expanded further, except a stock market crash occurred, 520 00:31:17,200 --> 00:31:20,080 Speaker 1: the Panic of eighteen seventy three, and no one was 521 00:31:20,080 --> 00:31:23,840 Speaker 1: trying to spend money on novelty transport like pneumatic tubes. 522 00:31:24,360 --> 00:31:28,360 Speaker 1: And let me clarify there, the place where he actually 523 00:31:28,400 --> 00:31:32,040 Speaker 1: built this system was in New York. It was not 524 00:31:32,040 --> 00:31:35,880 Speaker 1: in Chicago. Uh. And still the stock market crash is 525 00:31:35,880 --> 00:31:41,520 Speaker 1: what crushed him and the idea of building this system 526 00:31:41,920 --> 00:31:46,280 Speaker 1: actually passed through bills in New York State legislature twice 527 00:31:46,320 --> 00:31:49,200 Speaker 1: in eighteen seventy one in eighteen seventy two, but they 528 00:31:49,200 --> 00:31:53,040 Speaker 1: were vetoed by the state governor. The official reason was 529 00:31:53,080 --> 00:31:57,120 Speaker 1: that a pneumatic subway wouldn't be able to be enough 530 00:31:57,160 --> 00:31:59,480 Speaker 1: of a return on investment for the city in the state. 531 00:32:00,120 --> 00:32:03,880 Speaker 1: But again the other reason, the proposed reason, is that 532 00:32:03,960 --> 00:32:08,440 Speaker 1: the prominent landowners of the area were against it. That 533 00:32:08,520 --> 00:32:12,959 Speaker 1: the wealthy said, right, yeah, yeah, exactly, it's not in 534 00:32:12,960 --> 00:32:15,640 Speaker 1: my backyard. It's that whole nimby thing. Yeah, well that's 535 00:32:15,640 --> 00:32:18,600 Speaker 1: not true. That, that's more of that. That's very much true. Yeah, 536 00:32:18,600 --> 00:32:21,720 Speaker 1: that that that refers to folks that don't want a 537 00:32:21,720 --> 00:32:25,840 Speaker 1: disruption to the status quo or whatever, whether a windmill 538 00:32:25,960 --> 00:32:29,040 Speaker 1: or a building, a prison nearby, or a nuclear reactor 539 00:32:29,120 --> 00:32:34,040 Speaker 1: or something like. Yeah. But speaking of more futuristic implementations 540 00:32:34,080 --> 00:32:37,320 Speaker 1: of this UM, you know, those failures by beach Um 541 00:32:38,000 --> 00:32:42,440 Speaker 1: didn't entirely kill this technology. We talked a bit about 542 00:32:42,480 --> 00:32:45,760 Speaker 1: the hyper loop UM and I actually didn't realize that 543 00:32:45,800 --> 00:32:51,000 Speaker 1: it does use vacuum tube technology. It's something called vact trains. Yeah, 544 00:32:51,160 --> 00:32:55,920 Speaker 1: vacuum tube trains. The hyper loop is based on a 545 00:32:55,960 --> 00:32:59,400 Speaker 1: lot of this stuff. The the US government also investigated 546 00:33:00,320 --> 00:33:04,160 Speaker 1: the concept of pneumatic tubes, but they were interested way 547 00:33:04,200 --> 00:33:07,920 Speaker 1: back in the nineteen sixties in the science of running 548 00:33:08,040 --> 00:33:13,560 Speaker 1: a vacuum tube train using magnetic levitation technology, and they 549 00:33:13,600 --> 00:33:16,520 Speaker 1: wanted to build a line between Philly and New York City, 550 00:33:16,600 --> 00:33:22,080 Speaker 1: but ultimately they said, yet again, it's too expensive. And 551 00:33:22,680 --> 00:33:26,480 Speaker 1: from that point, from Beach to like the modern day, 552 00:33:26,840 --> 00:33:29,480 Speaker 1: we have so many examples of things that really could 553 00:33:29,480 --> 00:33:33,000 Speaker 1: have taken off, but we're deemed too expensive or never 554 00:33:33,080 --> 00:33:36,080 Speaker 1: left the drawing board. There was an engineer for Lockheed 555 00:33:36,160 --> 00:33:40,280 Speaker 1: named L. K. Edwards back in sixty seven ninety seven, 556 00:33:40,360 --> 00:33:44,080 Speaker 1: that is, he said, let's build a Bay Area gravity 557 00:33:44,160 --> 00:33:48,880 Speaker 1: vacuum transit system. That would be a bag of it 558 00:33:49,240 --> 00:33:51,440 Speaker 1: or a bag vat if we wanted to cheat. That's 559 00:33:51,440 --> 00:33:54,160 Speaker 1: pretty funny, is What they have there now is what's 560 00:33:54,160 --> 00:33:57,160 Speaker 1: called the BAR, which is the Bay Area Rapid Transit System, 561 00:33:57,400 --> 00:34:00,560 Speaker 1: and this was designed to run in hand them with 562 00:34:00,600 --> 00:34:03,800 Speaker 1: the BART. If I'm not mistaken your spot on my friend, yes, 563 00:34:04,320 --> 00:34:09,200 Speaker 1: And the problem was that this this bag vat sadly 564 00:34:09,360 --> 00:34:14,879 Speaker 1: was never built. And even Beach himself did not live 565 00:34:14,960 --> 00:34:19,239 Speaker 1: to see his pneumatic subway system because he passed away 566 00:34:19,239 --> 00:34:22,040 Speaker 1: before one was Bill that he died of pneumonia in 567 00:34:22,160 --> 00:34:26,000 Speaker 1: January one. What a kick in the pants to die 568 00:34:26,040 --> 00:34:28,480 Speaker 1: on the first day of the year. I don't know, 569 00:34:28,560 --> 00:34:31,000 Speaker 1: maybe it's like I just got over the finish line. 570 00:34:31,640 --> 00:34:34,240 Speaker 1: Let's be positive about that. We try to stay positive 571 00:34:34,239 --> 00:34:38,080 Speaker 1: here on ridiculous history. UM. But yeah, one thing that 572 00:34:38,080 --> 00:34:40,440 Speaker 1: that that that pretty much gets us to the present 573 00:34:40,520 --> 00:34:43,080 Speaker 1: more or less, because like you said, we do have 574 00:34:43,480 --> 00:34:50,239 Speaker 1: UM still proposed uh Elon Musk space XV train technology 575 00:34:50,600 --> 00:34:54,480 Speaker 1: UM being used to create an airless UH too where 576 00:34:54,480 --> 00:34:58,040 Speaker 1: there's no resistance so that this UM hyper loop train 577 00:34:58,520 --> 00:35:01,880 Speaker 1: can move very very quickly. What was what's the proposed 578 00:35:02,160 --> 00:35:05,240 Speaker 1: top speed of the of the hyper loop ben Well, 579 00:35:05,280 --> 00:35:08,600 Speaker 1: according to Elon Musk, it would have a top speed 580 00:35:08,640 --> 00:35:11,480 Speaker 1: of seven hundred and sixty miles per hour or one thousand, 581 00:35:11,560 --> 00:35:15,240 Speaker 1: two d twenty kilometers an hour. That's if everything works, 582 00:35:15,600 --> 00:35:17,799 Speaker 1: you know, right. And the thing about it is, I 583 00:35:17,840 --> 00:35:22,880 Speaker 1: think that whole project largely remains in the conceptual realm 584 00:35:22,880 --> 00:35:24,760 Speaker 1: if I'm not mistaken. I don't know if any actual 585 00:35:24,800 --> 00:35:28,440 Speaker 1: construction is taking place, because again it's a massive infrastructure 586 00:35:28,920 --> 00:35:30,800 Speaker 1: undertaking that you do have to get the buy in 587 00:35:31,000 --> 00:35:34,440 Speaker 1: of of those uh, those those municipalities that are along 588 00:35:34,480 --> 00:35:39,120 Speaker 1: that route, which would be I five and currently, in 589 00:35:39,160 --> 00:35:42,080 Speaker 1: addition to a few isolated test case with human beings, 590 00:35:42,600 --> 00:35:46,160 Speaker 1: we do know other living creatures have taken a trip 591 00:35:46,200 --> 00:35:50,440 Speaker 1: through underground tubes, probably not consensually, not just that black 592 00:35:50,480 --> 00:35:55,719 Speaker 1: cat in the third tube from earlier, but also dogs, mice, roosters, monkeys, 593 00:35:56,000 --> 00:35:59,960 Speaker 1: guinea pigs and uh one time fish. And I think 594 00:36:00,040 --> 00:36:02,120 Speaker 1: we do actually have a little bit of a background 595 00:36:02,160 --> 00:36:05,360 Speaker 1: on that black cat um that was done on October seven, 596 00:36:05,560 --> 00:36:10,799 Speaker 1: eight UM at the General Post Office in New York UM. 597 00:36:10,840 --> 00:36:14,000 Speaker 1: And this was meant to be an opening ceremony where 598 00:36:14,040 --> 00:36:16,920 Speaker 1: they were going to demonstrate all of those various items 599 00:36:16,920 --> 00:36:20,680 Speaker 1: that we discussed, and that day they actually did transport 600 00:36:20,719 --> 00:36:25,960 Speaker 1: the cat um and uh he described as being pulled 601 00:36:26,239 --> 00:36:31,480 Speaker 1: quote dazed and probably not terribly enthused about human technological 602 00:36:31,719 --> 00:36:35,719 Speaker 1: innovation out of that tube. And that is from an 603 00:36:35,840 --> 00:36:40,360 Speaker 1: article on the Atlantic dot com entitled that time people 604 00:36:40,440 --> 00:36:45,240 Speaker 1: sent a cat through the mail. And here our story ends, 605 00:36:45,280 --> 00:36:49,080 Speaker 1: but research continues, and here's hoping that one day we 606 00:36:49,160 --> 00:36:53,320 Speaker 1: can all ride the hyper loop together, uh to the horizon. 607 00:36:53,360 --> 00:36:55,960 Speaker 1: With the hyper loop, I say, forward technology, forward to 608 00:36:56,000 --> 00:37:00,719 Speaker 1: the future. Let's whoop into a brave new world of transport. Uh. 609 00:37:00,800 --> 00:37:03,719 Speaker 1: Question for everybody listening, as always, thank you for tuning in. 610 00:37:04,239 --> 00:37:08,000 Speaker 1: Would you ride a pneumatic tube subway? I'm all about it. 611 00:37:08,160 --> 00:37:11,480 Speaker 1: Something feels retrofuturistic about it. You know, it's like you're 612 00:37:11,880 --> 00:37:14,560 Speaker 1: you're a character in the Jetsons or something. And for 613 00:37:14,600 --> 00:37:18,080 Speaker 1: some reason, I keep thinking that Jetsons had pneumatic tubes, 614 00:37:18,200 --> 00:37:21,399 Speaker 1: but maybe maybe no, they did. They did, they were 615 00:37:21,440 --> 00:37:24,839 Speaker 1: transported just floating through them. Yeah, right, isn't that right 616 00:37:24,840 --> 00:37:26,719 Speaker 1: case you remember in the Jetsons, isn't there wasn't there 617 00:37:26,760 --> 00:37:28,719 Speaker 1: like networks of pneumatic tubes where they were kind of 618 00:37:28,760 --> 00:37:31,480 Speaker 1: just you know, literally sucked through. Yeah. I think it's 619 00:37:31,560 --> 00:37:34,759 Speaker 1: it's sort of that retrofuturistic thing, that's right, because yeah, 620 00:37:34,760 --> 00:37:36,359 Speaker 1: it's the kind of stuff you would you would see 621 00:37:36,400 --> 00:37:39,440 Speaker 1: in Jules Verne uh novels or whatever, the idea of 622 00:37:39,480 --> 00:37:42,000 Speaker 1: that steampunk vision of the future. And that's why we 623 00:37:42,040 --> 00:37:45,600 Speaker 1: still kind of associate that quality with pneumatic tubes, even 624 00:37:45,640 --> 00:37:48,760 Speaker 1: though they're largely a bit antiquated. But you know, Elon 625 00:37:48,840 --> 00:37:50,880 Speaker 1: Musk is trying to bring them back, and god speed 626 00:37:50,880 --> 00:37:53,920 Speaker 1: to them. I think that hyperloop idea seems interesting, but 627 00:37:54,000 --> 00:37:57,720 Speaker 1: I do believe there's some controversy behind it and people 628 00:37:57,719 --> 00:38:00,000 Speaker 1: aren't quite sure if it will work exactly the way 629 00:38:00,080 --> 00:38:03,000 Speaker 1: he thinks. Bring back the tube, That's what I say. 630 00:38:03,120 --> 00:38:05,759 Speaker 1: Forward to the future with the tube. Let's put it 631 00:38:05,800 --> 00:38:07,600 Speaker 1: on a T shirt. Maybe I'm just saying that because 632 00:38:07,600 --> 00:38:10,000 Speaker 1: I'm the coffee mug I'm drinking out of today is 633 00:38:10,040 --> 00:38:12,799 Speaker 1: actually a ridiculous history coffee MiG. You can get one 634 00:38:12,840 --> 00:38:16,799 Speaker 1: for yourself at t public dot com slash Ridiculous History. 635 00:38:16,800 --> 00:38:19,880 Speaker 1: You can get mugs and and other other stuff that 636 00:38:19,880 --> 00:38:22,440 Speaker 1: you print logos on shirt shirts. Of course that's te 637 00:38:22,560 --> 00:38:25,520 Speaker 1: Public bread and butter. But they also do mouse pads. 638 00:38:25,560 --> 00:38:28,239 Speaker 1: People still use mouse pads? Do we do? They do 639 00:38:28,320 --> 00:38:31,000 Speaker 1: capes that would be the might be might be able 640 00:38:31,040 --> 00:38:32,920 Speaker 1: to send them an item and have them custom printed. 641 00:38:32,920 --> 00:38:35,080 Speaker 1: Who knows, But you can check that stuff out and 642 00:38:35,239 --> 00:38:38,239 Speaker 1: we get like a tiny fraction of of the of 643 00:38:38,280 --> 00:38:42,160 Speaker 1: the proceeds there we get a little less fired so 644 00:38:42,160 --> 00:38:45,440 Speaker 1: so thanks so much as always to our superproducer Casey Pegram, 645 00:38:45,440 --> 00:38:49,200 Speaker 1: Thanks Alex Williams who composed our theme research associate Gabe Loser, 646 00:38:49,520 --> 00:38:52,000 Speaker 1: Christopher Hacio. It's always here and spirit looking forward to 647 00:38:52,040 --> 00:38:54,479 Speaker 1: hanging out with him. And you been in in Los 648 00:38:54,480 --> 00:38:56,920 Speaker 1: Angeles next week and we're doing some business travel and 649 00:38:57,160 --> 00:39:00,320 Speaker 1: we'll probably have Alex there as well. Thanks to Eve's 650 00:39:00,480 --> 00:39:03,320 Speaker 1: Jeff Coach, check out her show This Day in History 651 00:39:03,320 --> 00:39:07,480 Speaker 1: Class as well as solutions sessions. You will also remember Eves, 652 00:39:07,480 --> 00:39:11,120 Speaker 1: of course, from an earlier episode of our show concerning 653 00:39:11,200 --> 00:39:14,279 Speaker 1: Uncle Tom's cabin. We want to hear your opinions about 654 00:39:14,320 --> 00:39:17,160 Speaker 1: weird transport. You can find us on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter. 655 00:39:17,719 --> 00:39:21,520 Speaker 1: We are on Facebook with a community page called Ridiculous Historians. 656 00:39:21,520 --> 00:39:23,719 Speaker 1: Do check it out. It's a barrel of laughs. It's 657 00:39:23,719 --> 00:39:26,320 Speaker 1: a bag of hilarious badgers, it really is. And and 658 00:39:26,400 --> 00:39:28,799 Speaker 1: our badgers ever anything but hilarious. Yes, I think they are. 659 00:39:28,840 --> 00:39:31,360 Speaker 1: They can be quite vicious, yes, this is. This is 660 00:39:31,400 --> 00:39:33,879 Speaker 1: the kinder, gentler version of the badger. You can find 661 00:39:33,960 --> 00:39:36,560 Speaker 1: us as individual human people on social media as well. 662 00:39:36,560 --> 00:39:39,200 Speaker 1: I am exclusively on Instagram at how Now Noel Brown, 663 00:39:39,520 --> 00:39:42,360 Speaker 1: and you can find me on Instagram at ben Bolan 664 00:39:42,640 --> 00:39:44,799 Speaker 1: or you can find me on Twitter where I'm at 665 00:39:44,880 --> 00:39:48,759 Speaker 1: ben Bowland h s W. I will say, you know, 666 00:39:48,760 --> 00:39:51,120 Speaker 1: I've got some adventures coming up, so tune in and 667 00:39:51,120 --> 00:39:54,520 Speaker 1: find me on the social meds. Uh no, I am 668 00:39:54,560 --> 00:39:57,800 Speaker 1: looking forward to hitting the road until the tube system 669 00:39:58,040 --> 00:40:01,279 Speaker 1: is built. You know it, but here's the riding in 670 00:40:01,320 --> 00:40:03,000 Speaker 1: the tube one day. I look forward to it. Back 671 00:40:03,640 --> 00:40:14,640 Speaker 1: see you next time. Books. For more podcasts from my 672 00:40:14,719 --> 00:40:17,320 Speaker 1: Heart Radio, visit the I Heart Radio app, Apple podcast, 673 00:40:17,440 --> 00:40:19,560 Speaker 1: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.