1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:03,480 Speaker 1: Hey y'all, we're rerunning two episodes today. Enjoy the show 2 00:00:04,160 --> 00:00:07,720 Speaker 1: What's Up? Everyone? Welcome to this day in History class, 3 00:00:08,080 --> 00:00:17,880 Speaker 1: where we bring you a new tidbit from history every day. 4 00:00:19,280 --> 00:00:26,080 Speaker 1: The day was March Deaf President Now, a student protest 5 00:00:26,160 --> 00:00:30,520 Speaker 1: at Galadet University in Washington, d C. Came to a close. 6 00:00:31,760 --> 00:00:35,280 Speaker 1: As a result, Dr I King Jordan was named the 7 00:00:35,320 --> 00:00:41,080 Speaker 1: eighth but first death president of the university. Just a 8 00:00:41,120 --> 00:00:44,920 Speaker 1: week earlier, another hearing person have been chosen as the 9 00:00:44,960 --> 00:00:49,559 Speaker 1: seventh president of the university. Galadet is a university for 10 00:00:49,640 --> 00:00:53,239 Speaker 1: people who are deaf in heart of hearing, so this 11 00:00:53,320 --> 00:00:56,200 Speaker 1: decision was a disappointment to many people on campus and 12 00:00:56,240 --> 00:00:59,760 Speaker 1: in the deaf community. There were plenty of deaf people 13 00:00:59,760 --> 00:01:03,160 Speaker 1: who qualified for the position. People have been asking for 14 00:01:03,200 --> 00:01:05,480 Speaker 1: a deaf person to be named president for a while, 15 00:01:06,040 --> 00:01:09,320 Speaker 1: and two of the three finalists for the presidency were 16 00:01:09,360 --> 00:01:13,360 Speaker 1: death but the board of trustees had decided to appoint 17 00:01:13,360 --> 00:01:16,960 Speaker 1: Elizabeth A Sensor, the only hearing candidate to the position. 18 00:01:18,160 --> 00:01:21,080 Speaker 1: This sparked outrage and marked the start of a week 19 00:01:21,120 --> 00:01:24,480 Speaker 1: long protest that would catalyze change at the university and 20 00:01:24,760 --> 00:01:30,319 Speaker 1: an American Deaf Culture and Law Galladat University was founded 21 00:01:30,360 --> 00:01:33,759 Speaker 1: in eighteen sixty four, but in all those years leading 22 00:01:33,840 --> 00:01:36,919 Speaker 1: up to the protests in nineteen eighty eight, the university 23 00:01:37,000 --> 00:01:41,480 Speaker 1: had never had a deaf president. Considering it's a university 24 00:01:41,520 --> 00:01:44,479 Speaker 1: specifically for the death and heart of hearing, that may 25 00:01:44,520 --> 00:01:48,880 Speaker 1: seem pretty ridiculous, but there were still prejudices against death 26 00:01:48,920 --> 00:01:52,160 Speaker 1: and heart of hearing people, and there was conflict within 27 00:01:52,160 --> 00:01:57,880 Speaker 1: the community of educators of deaf people. Some educators, dubbed manualists, 28 00:01:58,360 --> 00:02:03,000 Speaker 1: supported using sign language to teach deaf students. The other camp, 29 00:02:03,160 --> 00:02:06,760 Speaker 1: the oralists, believed deaf people should learn to read lips 30 00:02:06,760 --> 00:02:10,880 Speaker 1: and speak, so educators at Galadet and other schools for 31 00:02:10,880 --> 00:02:15,280 Speaker 1: the deaf were mainly people who could hear. Some schools 32 00:02:15,360 --> 00:02:19,239 Speaker 1: didn't hire any deaf teachers, and in the beginning at Galadet, 33 00:02:19,600 --> 00:02:22,280 Speaker 1: there weren't many deaf candidates who were qualified to be 34 00:02:22,360 --> 00:02:25,600 Speaker 1: president of the university because education for the deaf in 35 00:02:25,600 --> 00:02:29,480 Speaker 1: the United States was sorely lacking. All of this is 36 00:02:29,520 --> 00:02:33,040 Speaker 1: why by nineteen eighty eight, Galadet had only had male 37 00:02:33,120 --> 00:02:37,080 Speaker 1: presidents who could hear, but between nineteen eighty three and 38 00:02:37,160 --> 00:02:41,160 Speaker 1: nineteen eighty seven the school had trouble keeping presidents. It 39 00:02:41,240 --> 00:02:44,480 Speaker 1: went through three of them in that short time. When 40 00:02:44,480 --> 00:02:48,200 Speaker 1: the seventh president, Jerry Lee, stepped down in nineteen eighty seven, 41 00:02:48,520 --> 00:02:51,320 Speaker 1: the Board of Trustees began the search for someone who 42 00:02:51,400 --> 00:02:55,000 Speaker 1: could take his spot. A consultant was hired to make 43 00:02:55,080 --> 00:02:59,240 Speaker 1: sure the school found the best candidates. By mid January, 44 00:02:59,560 --> 00:03:02,280 Speaker 1: the pool was narrowed down to three deaf people and 45 00:03:02,360 --> 00:03:08,079 Speaker 1: three hearing people, and on February the three finalists were announced. 46 00:03:08,720 --> 00:03:13,640 Speaker 1: Dr Harvey Corson, Dr i Kan Jordan, and Dr Elizabeth Senser. 47 00:03:14,760 --> 00:03:18,280 Speaker 1: Corson and Jordan were both deaf men, while Zinser was 48 00:03:18,320 --> 00:03:22,120 Speaker 1: a hearing woman. By this point, there was no valid 49 00:03:22,160 --> 00:03:24,920 Speaker 1: reason for a deaf person not to be president of 50 00:03:24,919 --> 00:03:29,080 Speaker 1: the university. Throughout the search for a new president, deaf 51 00:03:29,120 --> 00:03:32,600 Speaker 1: advocacy groups, faculty and alumni have been lobbying for a 52 00:03:32,639 --> 00:03:36,920 Speaker 1: deaf president. President George Bush and civil rights leader Jesse 53 00:03:37,080 --> 00:03:40,119 Speaker 1: Jackson had even made known their support for a deaf 54 00:03:40,160 --> 00:03:43,680 Speaker 1: president of the university, but it was the action of 55 00:03:43,720 --> 00:03:47,440 Speaker 1: the university students that really kicked the momentum into high gear. 56 00:03:48,480 --> 00:03:52,880 Speaker 1: On March one, more than one thousand students, faculty advocates 57 00:03:52,920 --> 00:03:55,920 Speaker 1: in the Deaf community and other supporters of the movement 58 00:03:56,080 --> 00:04:00,960 Speaker 1: participated in a rally to demand a deaf president. Over 59 00:04:01,000 --> 00:04:04,480 Speaker 1: the next several days, the student body government president asked 60 00:04:04,640 --> 00:04:08,920 Speaker 1: Zenser to withdraw. Students camped out intents, and a TV 61 00:04:09,080 --> 00:04:12,800 Speaker 1: crew came out to the campus, so when the Board 62 00:04:12,800 --> 00:04:16,240 Speaker 1: of Trustees interviewed each candidate on the fifth and the sixth, 63 00:04:16,839 --> 00:04:19,039 Speaker 1: it seemed like there was a good chance the next 64 00:04:19,080 --> 00:04:23,560 Speaker 1: president would be deaf. Instead, at six thirty pm, the 65 00:04:23,640 --> 00:04:27,880 Speaker 1: board handed out press releases saying they picked Sensor the 66 00:04:28,040 --> 00:04:33,279 Speaker 1: only hearing candidate, and people were upset. Some of the 67 00:04:33,279 --> 00:04:36,760 Speaker 1: protesters met with the board after interrupting a press conference. 68 00:04:36,839 --> 00:04:38,840 Speaker 1: The chair of the board and one of the deaf 69 00:04:38,839 --> 00:04:44,320 Speaker 1: trustees held, but not much progress was made, so students 70 00:04:44,320 --> 00:04:48,039 Speaker 1: began boycotts, sit ins, and marches in protest of the 71 00:04:48,080 --> 00:04:53,200 Speaker 1: board's decision. By March seven, protest leaders have formalized their demands. 72 00:04:54,120 --> 00:04:57,600 Speaker 1: They were that one Elizabeth Sensor must resign and a 73 00:04:57,680 --> 00:05:02,320 Speaker 1: deaf person be selected president, to James Billman must step 74 00:05:02,360 --> 00:05:06,320 Speaker 1: down as chairperson of the Board of Trustees, three deaf 75 00:05:06,320 --> 00:05:10,440 Speaker 1: people must constitute a fifty majority on the board, and 76 00:05:10,720 --> 00:05:14,359 Speaker 1: four there would be no reprisals against any student or 77 00:05:14,400 --> 00:05:18,600 Speaker 1: employee involved in the protest, but the board didn't budge, 78 00:05:19,920 --> 00:05:23,640 Speaker 1: so the protesters formed the Deaf President Now Counsel, an 79 00:05:23,640 --> 00:05:30,039 Speaker 1: assembly of students, faculty, staff, alumni, interpreters, fundraisers, and legal liaisons. 80 00:05:31,120 --> 00:05:36,400 Speaker 1: The protests gave more media attention, and on March, SINCR 81 00:05:36,440 --> 00:05:42,520 Speaker 1: announced her resignation. On Sunday March, the board met and 82 00:05:42,560 --> 00:05:46,400 Speaker 1: announced that they would honor the other conditions. Dr I 83 00:05:46,600 --> 00:05:50,760 Speaker 1: King Jordan was named president. Jordan went on to play 84 00:05:50,800 --> 00:05:53,840 Speaker 1: a role in supporting the Americans with Disabilities Act of 85 00:05:53,920 --> 00:05:57,679 Speaker 1: nineteen and he remained president until two thousand and six. 86 00:05:59,520 --> 00:06:01,880 Speaker 1: I'm Eaves of Code and hopefully you know a little 87 00:06:01,880 --> 00:06:06,360 Speaker 1: more about history today than you did yesterday. If you'd 88 00:06:06,360 --> 00:06:09,120 Speaker 1: like to learn more about the Deaf President Now protest, 89 00:06:09,760 --> 00:06:12,120 Speaker 1: listen to the episode of Stuff You Missed in History 90 00:06:12,160 --> 00:06:18,520 Speaker 1: Class called Death President Now. You can find us on Twitter, Instagram, 91 00:06:18,560 --> 00:06:24,279 Speaker 1: and Facebook at T d i h C Podcast. We'll 92 00:06:24,279 --> 00:06:37,919 Speaker 1: see you're here in the same place tomorrow. Hey, y'all, 93 00:06:38,040 --> 00:06:41,640 Speaker 1: I'm Eves. Welcome to This Day in History Class, a 94 00:06:41,720 --> 00:06:44,680 Speaker 1: show where we one day ship nuggets of history straight 95 00:06:44,720 --> 00:06:53,839 Speaker 1: to your brain through your ear hole. The day was 96 00:06:53,880 --> 00:07:01,239 Speaker 1: March No, Baton, the capital of the Mayan kingdom of Petanizza, 97 00:07:01,560 --> 00:07:05,440 Speaker 1: failed to Spanish troops. The city, which was located in 98 00:07:05,480 --> 00:07:09,360 Speaker 1: present day Guatemala, was the last center of Maya resistance. 99 00:07:10,520 --> 00:07:14,040 Speaker 1: The Maya peoples are a group of indigenous meso Americans 100 00:07:14,040 --> 00:07:17,640 Speaker 1: whose history dates to before two thousand b C. They 101 00:07:17,640 --> 00:07:20,840 Speaker 1: were centered in the Yucatan Peninsula and modern day Guatemala 102 00:07:20,880 --> 00:07:24,640 Speaker 1: and Belize, as well as parts of Mexico, Honduras, and 103 00:07:24,760 --> 00:07:29,119 Speaker 1: El Salvador. The Maya of the Southern Lowland region reached 104 00:07:29,160 --> 00:07:32,880 Speaker 1: their peak during the Classic period, which began around two fifty. 105 00:07:33,880 --> 00:07:38,160 Speaker 1: The population size was large, cities flourished, and historic monuments 106 00:07:38,200 --> 00:07:43,400 Speaker 1: were built. The Maya also fostered great cultural development, creating 107 00:07:43,400 --> 00:07:47,200 Speaker 1: writing and calendar systems and building trade networks. They made 108 00:07:47,240 --> 00:07:50,560 Speaker 1: advances in math and astronomy, and are credited with some 109 00:07:50,720 --> 00:07:55,000 Speaker 1: of the earliest pieces of rubber and chocolate. Their society 110 00:07:55,000 --> 00:07:58,840 Speaker 1: consisted of a bunch of independent states, but by nine 111 00:07:59,080 --> 00:08:03,160 Speaker 1: d C. Mayan cities and Southern Lowlands were abandoned and 112 00:08:03,200 --> 00:08:07,040 Speaker 1: the civilization in that area had collapsed. Though the reasons 113 00:08:07,040 --> 00:08:09,960 Speaker 1: for this collapse aren't completely clear, it could have been 114 00:08:10,120 --> 00:08:13,600 Speaker 1: due to the degradation of the environment or conflicts between 115 00:08:13,600 --> 00:08:18,800 Speaker 1: competing city states. But even after this collapse, Mayan cities 116 00:08:18,840 --> 00:08:22,080 Speaker 1: in the northern Lowlands area still flourished, and the Maya 117 00:08:22,240 --> 00:08:26,720 Speaker 1: established cities in the Highlands region. The Meso American people 118 00:08:26,960 --> 00:08:29,760 Speaker 1: known as the Issa lived in the Yucatan Peninsula in 119 00:08:29,800 --> 00:08:33,680 Speaker 1: the post Classic period, which lasted from around nine hundred 120 00:08:33,800 --> 00:08:37,040 Speaker 1: to fifteen hundred c e. They were descended from a 121 00:08:37,120 --> 00:08:41,600 Speaker 1: Maya lineage. In the fourteen hundreds, the Izsa abandoned Mayapan, 122 00:08:42,000 --> 00:08:45,840 Speaker 1: the capital of Yucatan. Yucatan then transformed from a single 123 00:08:45,960 --> 00:08:50,240 Speaker 1: kingdom into many rival states. In the early fifteen hundreds, 124 00:08:50,280 --> 00:08:54,760 Speaker 1: as the Spanish began colonizing, the America's indigenous populations were 125 00:08:54,840 --> 00:08:58,200 Speaker 1: decimated due to war and foreign diseases that the Spanish 126 00:08:58,200 --> 00:09:02,080 Speaker 1: brought with them. The Ezza had established power and patent. 127 00:09:02,679 --> 00:09:05,760 Speaker 1: Their capital was No Patin, which was on an island 128 00:09:05,840 --> 00:09:09,960 Speaker 1: in Lake peten Itza in modern day northern Guatemala, but 129 00:09:10,080 --> 00:09:13,280 Speaker 1: during a colonial period, the population in the area began 130 00:09:13,360 --> 00:09:17,520 Speaker 1: to decline. In the fifteen twenties, Spanish invader or non 131 00:09:17,559 --> 00:09:21,200 Speaker 1: Cortez passed through Britain and came in contact with the Izsa. 132 00:09:21,760 --> 00:09:25,040 Speaker 1: Patan remained politically independent from the Spanish for a while 133 00:09:25,400 --> 00:09:29,240 Speaker 1: after they began their conquest on the continent. The Spanish 134 00:09:29,360 --> 00:09:33,000 Speaker 1: launched several assaults against the ISSA, and a Maya group 135 00:09:33,120 --> 00:09:35,920 Speaker 1: known as a Kosh also went up against the ISSA 136 00:09:36,040 --> 00:09:39,800 Speaker 1: for control of the Patin Lakes region. So the Esa 137 00:09:39,800 --> 00:09:42,559 Speaker 1: were successful in their resistance to Spanish rule until the 138 00:09:42,640 --> 00:09:46,760 Speaker 1: late seventeenth century. No Paton fell in sixteen nineties seven. 139 00:09:47,760 --> 00:09:51,360 Speaker 1: On March thirteenth, Spanish troops from Yucatan, led by Martin 140 00:09:51,559 --> 00:09:55,640 Speaker 1: de Ursua, attacked and occupied No Patin. This made No 141 00:09:55,760 --> 00:10:00,360 Speaker 1: Potain the last independent Maya city to fall to the Spanish, 142 00:10:00,720 --> 00:10:05,120 Speaker 1: so Spanish rule greatly affected Mayan culture. Some Mayan villages 143 00:10:05,200 --> 00:10:09,600 Speaker 1: persisted independent of Spanish authority. The island that was home 144 00:10:09,640 --> 00:10:12,080 Speaker 1: to the city of No Paton is now home to 145 00:10:12,120 --> 00:10:16,120 Speaker 1: the town of Flores. I'm each stuff Coode and hopefully 146 00:10:16,200 --> 00:10:18,520 Speaker 1: you know a little more about history today than you 147 00:10:18,559 --> 00:10:22,800 Speaker 1: did yesterday. If you have any insight on an accident 148 00:10:22,880 --> 00:10:26,559 Speaker 1: or pronunciation spoken in the show today, you can feel 149 00:10:26,600 --> 00:10:29,520 Speaker 1: free to send us a kind note on social media 150 00:10:30,040 --> 00:10:35,040 Speaker 1: at t d I h C Podcast, and you can 151 00:10:35,040 --> 00:10:38,080 Speaker 1: send your thoughts are comments to us at this day 152 00:10:38,280 --> 00:10:42,520 Speaker 1: at i heart media dot com. I hope you enjoyed 153 00:10:42,520 --> 00:10:52,800 Speaker 1: today's episode. We'll be back tomorrow with another one. For 154 00:10:52,880 --> 00:10:55,000 Speaker 1: more podcasts for my heart Radio, visit the i heart 155 00:10:55,080 --> 00:10:57,600 Speaker 1: Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your 156 00:10:57,640 --> 00:10:58,280 Speaker 1: favorite shows.