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Speaker 1: Hey, hey, hey, hey, get us.

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Speaker 2: Latino USA is celebrating thirty years today, ain't that akos?

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Speaker 2: And we would love to hear from you. Dear listener,

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Speaker 2: Do you want to share with us exactly what Latino

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Speaker 2: USA has meant to you? Do you have a birthday

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Speaker 2: wish for us? Leave us a voicemail at six four

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Speaker 2: six five seven to one one two two four. That's

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Speaker 2: six four six five seven to one one two two four,

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Speaker 2: and we might feature your message in an upcoming show

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Speaker 2: grass Yas. This is Latino USA, the radio journal of

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Speaker 2: news and curlture Latino USA, latin Us, Latino USA.

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Speaker 1: I'm Maria Inojosa.

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Speaker 2: We bring you stories that are underreported but that mattered

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Speaker 2: to you, overlooked by the rest of the media, and

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Speaker 2: while the country is struggling to deal with these, we

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Speaker 2: listen to the stories of black and Latinos. Studio United

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Speaker 2: Latino Front, a cultural renaissance organizing at the forefront of

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Speaker 2: the movement.

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Speaker 1: I'm Maria Inojosa. Nose Bayan.

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Speaker 2: Marta Lopez was sitting in the passenger seat of the

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Speaker 2: family car in October of twenty twenty one while her

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Speaker 2: husband Freddie drove through the streets of Los Angeles. She

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Speaker 2: was checking the local news on her phone when something

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Speaker 2: on Univision caught her attention.

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Speaker 1: There is Milo Sintras Families cal do Asta.

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Speaker 2: The city of Los Angeles was launching a new program

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Speaker 2: to support low income families, especially those hit hard by

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Speaker 2: the pandemic. But it all sounded Martha thought just too

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Speaker 2: good to be true. The program would give them one

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Speaker 2: thousand dollars a month for one year. Martha's husband had

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Speaker 2: lost his job early in the pandemic and she was

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Speaker 2: a stay at home mom taking care of their two

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Speaker 2: young daughters, so the family hadn't had a stable income

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Speaker 2: for more than six months. Those way up, so Martha

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Speaker 2: decided to apply for the program. About six months later,

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Speaker 2: she got the call.

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Speaker 3: Yeah you medi here on Yosa sikomon chok o Hami No.

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Speaker 2: She couldn't believe she had been selected. It felt like

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Speaker 2: a miracle.

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Speaker 4: She says, Anda youady a media Yes, yes, staff to

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Speaker 4: Premier mild is the miss.

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Speaker 2: And then Martha got her debit card with the first

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Speaker 2: one thousand dollars on it, ready for her to use. However,

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Speaker 2: she wanted no rules, no restrictions, no receipts needed from

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Speaker 2: Futuru media and pr X. It's Latino USA. I'm Maria

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Speaker 2: no Josa today, no strings attached. What happens when people

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Speaker 2: who are ruggling to make ends meet get a stable

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Speaker 2: income from the government. We look at how this strategy

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Speaker 2: could help tackle inequality in the United States. Maybe you've

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Speaker 2: heard this term before. Universal basic income. It's the idea

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Speaker 2: of giving people cash regularly and unconditionally, so that they

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Speaker 2: can spend the money as they wish, regardless of their

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Speaker 2: economic status.

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Speaker 1: Or immediate need.

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Speaker 2: It's all to ensure a basic living standard for everyone.

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Speaker 2: It's a concept that's become pretty popular in recent years,

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Speaker 2: especially with the fear of technological advances leaving more and

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Speaker 2: more people out of work. In his twenty twenty presidential campaign,

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Speaker 2: tech entrepreneur Andrew Yang ran on the promise to provide

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Speaker 2: people universal basic income. It was the first time a

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Speaker 2: candidate had done that.

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Speaker 5: Soniversal can Come.

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Speaker 2: Would be one thousand dollars dividend for every American adult

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Speaker 2: citizen every month under my plan. Cash programs aren't new.

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Speaker 2: Different variations have existed for decades, both inside and outside

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Speaker 2: of the US. They often target specific groups in need,

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Speaker 2: and they try to promote certain behaviors like restricting what

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Speaker 2: people can or can't spend the money on. But the

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Speaker 2: idea of the government handing people free money is something

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Speaker 2: that some Americans still find uncomfortable, or maybe many did

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Speaker 2: before the stimulus checks received during the pandemic made us

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Speaker 2: a lot more familiar.

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Speaker 1: With this idea.

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Speaker 6: Federal stimulus checks are being distributed this week, and it's

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Speaker 6: a welcome relief for those out of work and hoping

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Speaker 6: for better days to come.

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Speaker 2: Even before the pandemic, California was already leading a kind

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Speaker 2: of renaissance of the basic income idea. More than one

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Speaker 2: hundred guaranteed income programs have launched across the country, and

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Speaker 2: most are found in the state of California. All of

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Speaker 2: them are still in the pilot phase. They usually run

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Speaker 2: for one or two years. The results have been interesting,

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Speaker 2: but these conversations have mostly stayed inside city councils and

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Speaker 2: university classrooms. So what's it like for the people who

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Speaker 2: are participating in these programs? How is a guaranteed income

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Speaker 2: making a difference for them?

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Speaker 1: If at all?

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Speaker 2: Latino USA Senior producer Marta Martinez spent a month in

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Speaker 2: Los Angeles following two women who participated in one of

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Speaker 2: the biggest guaranteed income programs in the country and where

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Speaker 2: half of the beneficiaries are Latinos and Latinas. Here's Marta

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Speaker 2: with the story.

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Speaker 3: Ola p Pasa see Oh Stuck here a Plan.

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Speaker 1: It's January twenty fifth, and the twenty fifth of the

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Speaker 1: month is when everything starts for participants of Big Leap.

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Speaker 1: That's the guaranteed basic income program the City of Los

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Speaker 1: Angeles launched in twenty twenty two. Marta Lopev, who we

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Speaker 1: met at the beginning of the show, is one of

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Speaker 1: over thirty two hundred people who got selected, and almost

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Speaker 1: eighty percent of them are women.

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Speaker 4: Nokamira for Tunaa Perosi is the Kreya Mucco.

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Speaker 1: Marta feels very lucky. More than fifty thousand people applied.

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Speaker 3: Sandamlas Say is the La man Larba.

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Speaker 1: Marta, who is from Honduras, has been running around the

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Speaker 1: house since six am. She's also thirty eighty years old,

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Speaker 1: the median age of Bigly participants. She has straight, dark

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Speaker 1: chocolate hair cut in the perfect horizontal line right above

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Speaker 1: her shoulders. Her prominent cheeks and forehead are sprinkled with freckles.

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Speaker 1: Media the program coordinators put me in touch with Martha

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Speaker 1: and some other participants who feel comfortable sharing their experiences publicly. Today,

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Speaker 1: Martha will get a transfer of one thousand dollars on

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Speaker 1: her program debit card for her to spend however she wants.

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Speaker 1: Martha only has three deposits left. Her twelve months are

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Speaker 1: almost up. Today, Martha hasn't been able to go to

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Speaker 1: the ATM to retreat the money, as she usually does

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Speaker 1: on the twenty fifth of the.

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Speaker 7: Month if on the Yoma is protecting Locala.

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Speaker 1: Her daughter, Lizzie, who is eight years old, is sick again,

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Speaker 1: so Martha had to stay home and take care of

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Speaker 1: her water in Lawuka, the skinny girl with black, shiny

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Speaker 1: eyes and two missing frontis, has asthma, and the unusually

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Speaker 1: cool temperatures California has been experiencing this winter are testing

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Speaker 1: her health. She's been missing school more often than Martha

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Speaker 1: would like to beta, and because Lizzie didn't go to school,

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Speaker 1: her little sister, Sophia, who is five years old, didn't

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Speaker 1: want to go either. No yeah, yeah, yeah.

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Speaker 7: Chow.

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Speaker 1: Sophia prefers to spend the afternoon hanging from her mother's

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Speaker 1: neck and kissing her. She's the clown of the house.

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Speaker 1: You never know what will come out of her unfiltered mouth.

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Speaker 1: The family of four lives in a one bedroom apartment

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Speaker 1: in South Lay, tacked between the One and Freeway and Broadway,

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Speaker 1: immersed in the never ending buzz of traffic.

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Speaker 7: It's a wainbow. She loves rainbows.

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Speaker 1: It's a welcoming home. The living room is filled with toys,

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Speaker 1: and there are studio pictures of Lizzie and Sophia hanging

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Speaker 1: on several walls.

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Speaker 3: Preparing caldo gaina una ros blanco.

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Speaker 1: Marta is preparing Lizzie's favorite food, calo hen soup to

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Speaker 1: help her recover from her cold. Well she cuts the vegetables.

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Speaker 1: Martha shares some tips on how she tries to save

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Speaker 1: money Parta.

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Speaker 3: De casa, manera massabien and too pecto rodinero bradio La

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Speaker 3: casa so significant.

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Speaker 1: She cooks at home every day because it's healthier and

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Speaker 1: cheaper than eating out.

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Speaker 4: Termina sien dome na al gore let's to burget mohrhence.

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Speaker 3: Mano.

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Speaker 1: Also, eating out can be more of a concern than

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Speaker 1: a fun experience for the family because, besides having asthma,

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Speaker 1: Lizzie has a severe allergy to cow's milk. Lizzie's fragile

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Speaker 1: health has limited MARTA's options to find a full time

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Speaker 1: job because she needs to keep a clothes eye on

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Speaker 1: her at all times. The family's earnings are under the

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Speaker 1: federal poverty line that was less than twenty seven dollars

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Speaker 1: a year for a family of four in twenty twenty one,

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Speaker 1: and they rely on food stems for their food supply

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Speaker 1: that's usually enough for the month. Lately, inflation has made

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Speaker 1: things tighter, but Martha says there are some items that

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Speaker 1: she just cannot not buy, like cooking oil.

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Speaker 3: Lotre go cord mediavo uno inmoteroluso Martin.

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Speaker 1: It's oil to fry food or to make her seasonings.

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Speaker 1: So instead of buying two bottles now she buys one

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Speaker 1: and moderates use. Having the extra help of one thousand

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Speaker 1: dollars a month through the city's program has allowed the

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Speaker 1: family to afford themselves a caprico every once in a.

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Speaker 3: While prove tacos so they were sen.

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Speaker 1: Guando Sunday is smartas day to rest and be with

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Speaker 1: her family. Sometimes they eat out, usually tackles, and during

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Speaker 1: the summer, she took the girls to the aquarium or

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Speaker 1: the beach, Sophia Lizzie. Dinner is ready, but only Sophia

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Speaker 1: shows up with her bubbly eyes and mischievous smiles. Lizzie

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Speaker 1: has fallen asleep in the bedroom while watching cartoons. Well

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Speaker 1: we eat caloa. Sofia tells me where babies come from.

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Speaker 1: She says, parents buy them.

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Speaker 7: At stores, My mom my Fami.

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Speaker 1: Marta came to the United States in twenty fourteen. It

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Speaker 1: wasn't her first time visiting, but this time Martha wasn't

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Speaker 1: traveling alone. She was pregnant with Lizzi. She first lived

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Speaker 1: with her sister in Philadelphia, and that's where she gave

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Speaker 1: birth to Lizzi on her own. Her husband, Freddi was

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Speaker 1: still back in on duras im Asalio. Lizzie was beautiful,

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Speaker 1: like a little doll, Marca says, but it was a

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Speaker 1: difficult time for her.

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Speaker 3: Not dino yo barra barastra, mihiirago vien duruwa is dressed.

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Speaker 1: Martha didn't have money to buy clothes for her daughter,

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Speaker 1: not even when they left the hospital. So when Lizzie

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Speaker 1: was three months old, Martha had to start working at

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Speaker 1: a factory packaging fruit. She worried about so many things.

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Speaker 1: Ami Freddie wasn't there to support her. She had to

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Speaker 1: earn money to pay for rent a babysitter, to cover

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Speaker 1: for her daughter's basic needs and her own. On top

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Speaker 1: of the financial stress Martha was dealing with. This was

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Speaker 1: nine months old when she was diagnosed with a severe

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Speaker 1: allergy to cow's milk. Martha felt like she had failed.

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Speaker 1: She started having trouble sleeping, She lost her appetite, her

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Speaker 1: hair started falling off.

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Speaker 3: But as dion Dia k.

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Speaker 1: One day, when she got back from work, she felt

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Speaker 1: like her body was exploding. You imps.

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Speaker 3: Or Media fell on a party.

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Speaker 1: Scared, she couldn't breathe. A tingling sensation spread across the

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Speaker 1: left side of her body.

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Speaker 3: To the girl, let's say you memor your memoir.

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Speaker 1: Martha thought she was going to die. At the hospital,

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Speaker 1: doctors told her she had had a panic attack. She

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Speaker 1: had never heard that term before, but Marta knew that

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Speaker 1: going back to Honduda's was not an option. Two of

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Speaker 1: her brothers, who run a bus company, had been killed

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Speaker 1: by criminal gangs who demanded a quota, a monthly payment

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Speaker 1: in exchange for their safety. Meha Caparos, Martha was scared

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Speaker 1: that in Honduras. She could get killed at any moment. Eventually,

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Speaker 1: Freddie came to the US and the family moved to

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Speaker 1: Los Angeles. Martha gave birth to their second daughter, Sophia,

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Speaker 1: and became a stay at home mamuando. When they moved,

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Speaker 1: she asked Freddy half jokingly to live near her hospital.

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Speaker 3: Well, sim maybe then well.

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Speaker 1: Martha says that after the panic attack, her life has

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Speaker 1: never been the same. The next day, on January twenty sixth,

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Speaker 1: I accompany Marta to get her big lip deposit at

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Speaker 1: an ATM inside a supermarket in South La Liza didn't

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Speaker 1: go to school today either. She still hasn't fully recovered

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Speaker 1: from her code. This is the ATM Marta uses most

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Speaker 1: of the time to get her cash from the program.

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Speaker 1: She inserts the card into the ATM slot, A button

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Speaker 1: appears on the screen that allows her to directly withdraw

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Speaker 1: one thousand dollars at once. The program decided to distribute

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Speaker 1: the money through prepaid debit cards because they were looking

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Speaker 1: for a system that would be flexible but also safe.

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Speaker 1: Some of the participants don't have bank accounts, and some

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Speaker 1: people aren't used to making card payments.

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Speaker 3: Gussie its list.

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Speaker 1: In less than a minute. Martha has the cash in

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Speaker 1: her hands and she quickly puts the stack of bills

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Speaker 1: inside of her purse, except for a couple of twenties

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Speaker 1: she keeps in her pocket.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, thank you and nich manus putla Ana.

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Speaker 8: Met with.

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Speaker 1: These deposits make Martha feel secure and give her the

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Speaker 1: confidence that she'll be able to pay for her basic

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Speaker 1: expenses each month, which are around fifteen hundred dollars without rent.

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Speaker 1: The family pays a little over one thousand dollars a

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Speaker 1: month for their one bedroom apartment. Martha uses five hundred

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Speaker 1: from the Big Leap program for rent and the other

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Speaker 1: half well, in recent months, she started investing the money

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Speaker 1: on something she's very excited about. Well.

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Speaker 3: In Bertier and Loquez San Pres.

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Speaker 1: Martha has been investing the other five hundred on what

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Speaker 1: she calls her small business.

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Speaker 2: Coming up on letting the USA, we find out how

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Speaker 2: Martha is investing the other half of the cash from

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Speaker 2: the Guaranteed Income program, and we learn about the origins

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Speaker 2: of universal basic income. Stay with us not themas.

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Speaker 9: Get usuena umo jote came through Muchasa mucho amor Inlardino

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Speaker 9: Musical and Miss Agri and Milman much at the Ponto.

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Speaker 2: Hey, we're back before the break. You met Marta Lopez,

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Speaker 2: one of the participants of Big Leap. It's the guarantee

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Speaker 2: basic income program the city of Los Angeles, launched in

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Speaker 2: twenty twenty two and one of the biggest in the country.

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Speaker 2: Participants get one thousand dollars a month for a year

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Speaker 2: without any restrictions how to spend the money. Marta has

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Speaker 2: been investing half of the money on something very special

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Speaker 2: for her. But before we find out what that is,

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Speaker 2: we're gonna meet Michaela, another program participant. Here's Latino USA

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Speaker 2: Senior producer Marta Martinez once again with the story.

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Speaker 1: It's Saturday morning and we're in the car with Mikaela.

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Speaker 1: We're not using Mikaela's last name because she's undocumented. The

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Speaker 1: Big LEAG program didn't ask about legal status in its

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Speaker 1: application because the city wanted to broaden access as much

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Speaker 1: as possible. This is also the first time Mikaela has

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Speaker 1: ever gotten any aid from the government. We're heading from

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Speaker 1: South la where she lives, to a food bank in

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Speaker 1: Korea Town. Mikhaela's landlord is driving.

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Speaker 8: TIEMP.

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Speaker 1: Mikhayela is fifty one years old and she doesn't have

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Speaker 1: a car, so she can only go to the food

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Speaker 1: bank whenever her landlord can drive her. She says, you

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Speaker 1: wouldn't be able to afford a n uber. Mikaela sits

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Speaker 1: in the front and most of her face is covered

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Speaker 1: by a black face mask, but her eyes are delicately

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Speaker 1: made up with a rose colored eyeshadow and a touch

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Speaker 1: of glitter. She has a curly mop of blonde hair,

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Speaker 1: almost white at the top. Her nails are painted light pink,

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Speaker 1: but they look worn down.

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Speaker 8: Rat They are rat pour k as the pis fasi.

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Speaker 1: Mikhaela says she's very thrifty. In this country, people spend

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Speaker 1: money on things they don't need, but she can't afford

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Speaker 1: to do that. Mikhayela is a siamstress and a single

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Speaker 1: mother of two. The majority of Bigley participants are single

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Speaker 1: mothers like her. She came to the US almost thirty

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Speaker 1: years ago from Mexico with the father of her two boys,

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Speaker 1: but he was physically abusive and they soon separated. Mikaela

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Speaker 1: says he has never provided any support for her sons,

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Speaker 1: who are now in their twenties.

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Speaker 8: Mos Con La Costa for Que Malaga.

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Speaker 1: Mikaela relies on her sewing, but it's not a well

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Speaker 1: paying job. On a good week, she says she makes

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Speaker 1: six hundred dollars, but that means working every day from

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Speaker 1: seven am till eleven pm. She rents two rooms in

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Speaker 1: her landlord's house, one for her and one for her

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Speaker 1: oldest son, who is twenty five years old. She pays

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Speaker 1: eight hundred and fifty dollars a month for the rooms,

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Speaker 1: and she's been using most of her program money on rent.

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Speaker 1: She's also been supporting her youngest son through college in Merced, California.

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Speaker 1: He got a scholarship, but it didn't fully cover his tuition,

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Speaker 1: so Mikaela sent him about five hundred dollars a month

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Speaker 1: to pay for his classes and other things he needed,

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Speaker 1: depending on how much she was able to make sewing

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Speaker 1: or how much she could borrow from friends and acquaintances.

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Speaker 8: Listen dian Naervio's with Hi.

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Speaker 1: Mikhaela always worried would she be able to make ends meet,

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Speaker 1: and it wasn't just a tuition. He always needed something.

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Speaker 8: Then God tample Mansa Kokoopoo pastades Kokopo cal Setenis.

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Speaker 1: He texted her saying he needed soap, toothpaste, socks. As

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Speaker 1: a single mom, Mikaela has to figure out ways to

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Speaker 1: save money all the time, and that's how she found

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Speaker 1: out about this food bank. She's been going there for

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Speaker 1: ten years now. Nikayla comes every two or three weeks

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Speaker 1: to stock up for her and her son, and for

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Speaker 1: fifty dollars, she can get as much food as she wants.

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Speaker 8: Fat In the end, you say that.

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Speaker 5: Mikhaela.

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Speaker 1: Mikaela got her twelve and last cash transfer from the

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Speaker 1: Big Lee program this month. She was among those who

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Speaker 1: were first randomly selected to participate. The City of Los

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Speaker 1: Angeles partnered with the University of Pennsylvania to manage the

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Speaker 1: selection process, as well as all other research aspects of

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Speaker 1: the program. Angelina's were able to apply either online or

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Speaker 1: in person during a period of ten days. In the

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Speaker 1: fall of twenty twenty one, we.

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Speaker 6: Had two hundred and fifty thousand people visit our website

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Speaker 6: and in the air little over fifty thousand people applied

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Speaker 6: for the program.

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Speaker 1: This is Abigail Marquez, the General manager of the Community

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Speaker 1: Investment for Families Apartment with the City of Los Angeles.

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Speaker 1: Her unit is in charge of implementing the Big leap program.

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Speaker 1: Abigail says that the fact that over fifty thousand people

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Speaker 1: applied illustrates how big the need is. Some ten thousand

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Speaker 1: people who applied actually didn't respond when the program informed

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Speaker 1: them that they had been randomly selected.

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Speaker 6: People distrust government, and so people felt like, this is

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Speaker 6: a catch. How is it that that we're getting one

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Speaker 6: thousand dollars.

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Speaker 1: It's unheard of.

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Speaker 6: It really is unheard of.

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Speaker 1: Another five thousand out of fifty thousand didn't fulfill the

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Speaker 1: selection criteria, that is being an adult living in the

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Speaker 1: city of Los Angeles under the twenty twenty one federal

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Speaker 1: poverty line and having at least one child that means

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Speaker 1: making less than eighteen thousand dollars a year for a

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Speaker 1: family of two. Because of the people who either didn't

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Speaker 1: respond or didn't qualify in the first selection round, some

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Speaker 1: participants got their first CATSH trend first a little bit

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Speaker 1: earlier than others, about a couple of months apart. That's

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Speaker 1: why Marta, the woman we met at the beginning of

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Speaker 1: the show, still has some deposits left, but Mikaela doesn't.

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Speaker 6: The pandemic created an opportunity for us to do something

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Speaker 6: different as local government in the way that we were

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Speaker 6: responding to the needs and challenges, primarily those from communities

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Speaker 6: of color. But I think it's an opportunity to reflect

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Speaker 6: on how we could do things differently moving forward.

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Speaker 1: In early twenty twenty, Mikhaela was working at a textile

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Speaker 1: factory and.

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Speaker 10: La Pandemias and dicaol Mundo and Sima servajo mebermas carrillos.

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Speaker 1: With a pandemic. The world fell apart for her. She

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Speaker 1: got COVID, she lost her job. Then she started sewing

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Speaker 1: face masks on her own to get.

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Speaker 10: By janoomere no poor mir Pergatia, Bantos, dress, Santiacae, Sali,

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Speaker 10: Jello so Caveza.

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Speaker 1: She couldn't eat, she couldn't sleep. Her head hurts so

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Speaker 1: much she felt her eyes would fall out. She had takikardias.

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Speaker 1: Her heart started pounding in the middle of the night,

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Speaker 1: and she was falling deeper and deeper into dead. To

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Speaker 1: help her youngest son.

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Speaker 8: For Doma Trasco Noja.

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Speaker 1: He was going to graduate from college soon and she

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Speaker 1: felt she couldn't leave him hanging. It was actually her

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Speaker 1: youngest son who found out about the Big Clip program.

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Speaker 8: See applicat meal Manzueles Punao.

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Speaker 1: He helped her fill out the online application because Mikaela

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Speaker 1: barely speaks English and she's not great with technology either.

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Speaker 1: Six months later, she got a message from the City

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Speaker 1: of Los Angeles. She had already forgotten what it was about,

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Speaker 1: but she went to the government office anyway, and then

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Speaker 1: they gave her a debit card tray.

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Speaker 8: So inclusive Chao yallow a ladio is positively di Jossi.

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Speaker 1: Mikaela couldn't believe it. At first. She thought she was

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Speaker 1: going to have to work in exchange for the cash,

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Speaker 1: and she worried about how she would combine that with

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Speaker 1: her sewing. When she found out that she didn't need

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Speaker 1: to do anything, just use the money as she needed,

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Speaker 1: she thought she was going to pass.

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Speaker 8: Out semi Yeah, not a lass.

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Speaker 10: Like you in this difficult tekastoid omega manalo sayula milan.

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Speaker 1: For someone who's poor, Mikhaila says, one thousand dollars a

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Speaker 1: month is a lot of money. She closed her eyes

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Speaker 1: and said, now I have to give it my own.

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Speaker 1: The City of Los Angeles has invested more than thirty

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Speaker 1: six million dollars into the Big Lee program. The city

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Speaker 1: is tapping money from its general fund, which also finances

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Speaker 1: it's public safety and infrastructure, among other services. And all

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Speaker 1: of that gets funded through taxes, fines, and other fees

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Speaker 1: local government collects. This year, for example, LA's general fund

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Speaker 1: has a budget of almost eight billion dollars, and so

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Speaker 1: the Bigley program is barely making a dent. At the

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Speaker 1: heart of the program is the idea that there are

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Speaker 1: no rules or guidance on how to spend the money.

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Speaker 1: Here's Abigail Marquez again from the city.

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Speaker 6: I fundamentally believe that if we remove barriers from people

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Speaker 6: to access programs and we empower them to make decisions

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Speaker 6: for themselves, they are in the best position to make

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Speaker 6: those decisions. Oftentimes, in my opinion, government is overly prescriptive.

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Speaker 6: We have too many requirements, too many rules.

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Speaker 1: So far, data the city has collected shows that participants

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Speaker 1: are spending the money on covering their basic needs.

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Speaker 6: Many are spending the money on helping to cover their

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Speaker 6: rent costs. Thirty four percent of our participants are spending

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Speaker 6: money on food and groceries. They're not spending money on

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Speaker 6: purchasing a new car or anything that's lavish.

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Speaker 1: We could say that there's a new wave of guaranteeing

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Speaker 1: come program, and probably the one that initiated it and

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Speaker 1: got a lot of media attention was the one Michael

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Speaker 1: Tobs started when he became the mayor of Stockton, a

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Speaker 1: city of over three hundred and twenty thousand people in California,

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Speaker 1: a central body.

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Speaker 11: I told my staff to look at like, how are

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Speaker 11: we going to get rid of poverty? At art meet

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Speaker 11: and they came back with this idea of giving people money,

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Speaker 11: And honestly, at first I was a little bit nervous.

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Speaker 11: It felt very bold and very radical, a little bit

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Speaker 11: of a crazy idea.

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Speaker 1: The program started in twenty nineteen and it gave one

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Speaker 1: hundred and twenty five people five hundred dollars a month

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Speaker 1: for two years.

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Speaker 12: So Stockton is very important because it was the first

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Speaker 12: city led or mayor led pilot in the US.

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Speaker 1: This is Juliana bi Dada Nure, a political philosopher and

438
00:29:47,480 --> 00:29:50,600
Speaker 1: the faculty director of the Stanford Basic Income Lab.

439
00:29:51,040 --> 00:29:55,240
Speaker 12: After one year into the program, people reported feeling less stressed,

440
00:29:55,800 --> 00:29:59,040
Speaker 12: there was an uptick in employment, and also people spend

441
00:29:59,080 --> 00:29:59,880
Speaker 12: the money wisely.

442
00:30:00,320 --> 00:30:03,600
Speaker 1: Juliana is from friends and the concept of universal basic

443
00:30:03,680 --> 00:30:07,200
Speaker 1: income or UBI can actually be traced back to the

444
00:30:07,280 --> 00:30:11,080
Speaker 1: French Revolution in the late eighteenth century with William Thomas

445
00:30:11,200 --> 00:30:12,880
Speaker 1: Pain's idea of a dividend.

446
00:30:13,720 --> 00:30:16,520
Speaker 12: Essentially the idea that we are all owed a share

447
00:30:16,960 --> 00:30:20,720
Speaker 12: of what we own in common. Could be natural resources,

448
00:30:21,160 --> 00:30:23,080
Speaker 12: you could frame it as the wealth of the earth,

449
00:30:23,680 --> 00:30:25,920
Speaker 12: but it's also connected with the idea that we are

450
00:30:26,000 --> 00:30:28,560
Speaker 12: all owe a share of the wealth generated by previous

451
00:30:28,600 --> 00:30:29,960
Speaker 12: generations and.

452
00:30:30,680 --> 00:30:34,360
Speaker 1: The wealth that we could create as current generations. A

453
00:30:34,440 --> 00:30:38,360
Speaker 1: similar idea became popular among neo liberals as well, who

454
00:30:38,480 --> 00:30:41,280
Speaker 1: saw basic income as a tool to keep the government

455
00:30:41,360 --> 00:30:45,120
Speaker 1: out of people's lives. Even President Richard Nixon in the

456
00:30:45,200 --> 00:30:48,440
Speaker 1: late nineteen sixties pushed for a reform of the national

457
00:30:48,480 --> 00:30:52,200
Speaker 1: welfare system that actually sounded pretty similar to providing a

458
00:30:52,240 --> 00:30:52,920
Speaker 1: basic income.

459
00:30:53,720 --> 00:30:57,320
Speaker 13: And that is why tonight, I therefore propose that we

460
00:30:57,520 --> 00:31:02,000
Speaker 13: abolish the present welfare system and that we adopted its

461
00:31:02,040 --> 00:31:05,840
Speaker 13: place a new family assistance system.

462
00:31:09,000 --> 00:31:12,680
Speaker 1: Nixon's Family Assistance program aimed to give families of four

463
00:31:13,160 --> 00:31:17,240
Speaker 1: sixteen hundred dollars a year, which today it would amount

464
00:31:17,280 --> 00:31:21,200
Speaker 1: to a little over thirteen thousand dollars, so actually pretty

465
00:31:21,240 --> 00:31:23,760
Speaker 1: similar to the amount of money participants of the Los

466
00:31:23,760 --> 00:31:29,520
Speaker 1: Angeles program got this year. But Senators rejected Nixon's plan twice.

467
00:31:30,160 --> 00:31:33,960
Speaker 1: It was a complex process, but basically Republicans thought the

468
00:31:34,040 --> 00:31:38,760
Speaker 1: program was too expensive and expensive, and Democrats thought it

469
00:31:38,920 --> 00:31:43,160
Speaker 1: wasn't enough money for the families. Around the same time,

470
00:31:43,440 --> 00:31:47,600
Speaker 1: in the nineteen sixties and seventies, universal basic income also

471
00:31:47,680 --> 00:31:51,600
Speaker 1: became a central fight for feminists. They saw UBI as

472
00:31:51,680 --> 00:31:54,280
Speaker 1: a way to pay for all the unpaid care work

473
00:31:54,360 --> 00:31:56,840
Speaker 1: that women were doing at home, and a tool to

474
00:31:56,920 --> 00:32:00,200
Speaker 1: rebalance the power relationships between men and women men.

475
00:32:01,640 --> 00:32:05,120
Speaker 12: There's also a really interesting origin that comes from Martin

476
00:32:05,240 --> 00:32:08,200
Speaker 12: Luther King, the Black Panther Party, and also the National

477
00:32:08,240 --> 00:32:10,040
Speaker 12: Welfare Rights Organization.

478
00:32:10,120 --> 00:32:13,760
Speaker 1: That was an organization for mostly by black matters, and.

479
00:32:14,200 --> 00:32:17,120
Speaker 12: The idea here was really to ensure that no one

480
00:32:17,760 --> 00:32:20,520
Speaker 12: was reduced to live in poverty without access to the

481
00:32:20,560 --> 00:32:23,480
Speaker 12: means of survival that was supposed to be key to

482
00:32:23,680 --> 00:32:25,000
Speaker 12: the notion of economic freedom.

483
00:32:25,480 --> 00:32:29,480
Speaker 1: More recently, UBI has become very popular in Silicon Valley

484
00:32:29,720 --> 00:32:33,160
Speaker 1: among tech millionaires who see this concept almost as a

485
00:32:33,280 --> 00:32:37,760
Speaker 1: magic wand that could quote unquote disrupt the social welfare

486
00:32:37,800 --> 00:32:42,440
Speaker 1: system and fix all social problems, some problems created by

487
00:32:42,480 --> 00:32:46,720
Speaker 1: these millionaires themselves. For example, Jack Dorsey, the founder of

488
00:32:46,800 --> 00:32:50,880
Speaker 1: Twitter donated fifteen million dollars to a mayor's coalition created

489
00:32:50,920 --> 00:32:51,960
Speaker 1: by the Mayor of Stockton.

490
00:32:52,800 --> 00:32:57,920
Speaker 12: Now, the tendency of billionaires to like quick fixes that

491
00:32:58,080 --> 00:33:00,720
Speaker 12: do not really address the root causes of inequalities and

492
00:33:00,760 --> 00:33:04,840
Speaker 12: poverty makes them really sub optimal advocates of basic income,

493
00:33:05,160 --> 00:33:07,560
Speaker 12: because I think the idea of basic income is really

494
00:33:07,640 --> 00:33:11,360
Speaker 12: one of building a very robust safety net. It's not

495
00:33:11,560 --> 00:33:15,000
Speaker 12: one that makes a system that produces so much inequality

496
00:33:15,640 --> 00:33:16,560
Speaker 12: work a little better.

497
00:33:17,560 --> 00:33:21,960
Speaker 1: There are ubi supporters coming from very different political backgrounds,

498
00:33:22,440 --> 00:33:26,560
Speaker 1: but there are also many critics. Probably the most common

499
00:33:26,640 --> 00:33:29,800
Speaker 1: criticism is the belief that if you give people money,

500
00:33:30,280 --> 00:33:31,240
Speaker 1: they will stop working.

501
00:33:31,680 --> 00:33:34,760
Speaker 12: There is considerable evidence that people want to work and

502
00:33:34,960 --> 00:33:38,360
Speaker 12: will work when given the transfer, and throughout the world

503
00:33:38,640 --> 00:33:41,520
Speaker 12: with cashtroms for our programs, what we've seen is that

504
00:33:41,680 --> 00:33:45,280
Speaker 12: people use the cash to retrain, to get a driver's license,

505
00:33:45,440 --> 00:33:48,720
Speaker 12: to pay for childcare, to do what is needed to

506
00:33:48,840 --> 00:33:50,600
Speaker 12: do to remove barriers to employment.

507
00:33:51,400 --> 00:33:55,960
Speaker 1: Another criticism targets the universal aspect of this concept. Why

508
00:33:56,080 --> 00:33:57,680
Speaker 1: give money to people who don't need it?

509
00:33:58,240 --> 00:34:02,000
Speaker 12: Universality is really key to this sigmatized public assistance. We've

510
00:34:02,120 --> 00:34:05,719
Speaker 12: created this system that is so stigmatizing that a lot

511
00:34:05,800 --> 00:34:09,520
Speaker 12: of eligible people end up not claiming benefits, in part

512
00:34:09,640 --> 00:34:13,400
Speaker 12: by fear of being demonized as welfare queens and benefits scrounders.

513
00:34:14,080 --> 00:34:15,920
Speaker 12: So these stereotypes are very damaging.

514
00:34:16,719 --> 00:34:20,160
Speaker 1: A quick note here, the pilot programs that have launched

515
00:34:20,239 --> 00:34:23,800
Speaker 1: in recent years across the US are not fully universal.

516
00:34:24,120 --> 00:34:26,719
Speaker 1: They all target groups in need, like people living in

517
00:34:26,800 --> 00:34:30,239
Speaker 1: poverty or above a certain age. But they're similar to

518
00:34:30,440 --> 00:34:33,520
Speaker 1: UBI in that they provide a stable income and don't

519
00:34:33,600 --> 00:34:36,400
Speaker 1: have any restrictions on how people can use the cash.

520
00:34:37,800 --> 00:34:40,960
Speaker 1: And then, of course there's the criticism that UBI is

521
00:34:41,160 --> 00:34:44,759
Speaker 1: too expensive. It's undeniable that these programs cost a lot

522
00:34:44,800 --> 00:34:48,280
Speaker 1: of money, But Julianna says there are other important social

523
00:34:48,400 --> 00:34:49,040
Speaker 1: costs in.

524
00:34:49,080 --> 00:34:55,160
Speaker 12: The equation poverty object Poverty costs enormously to communities. You

525
00:34:55,320 --> 00:34:58,880
Speaker 12: just have to think about the costs in terms of health,

526
00:34:59,000 --> 00:35:02,239
Speaker 12: in terms of crime, of the clustering of this advantage

527
00:35:02,280 --> 00:35:05,880
Speaker 12: that happens when people start losing an income, losing their homes,

528
00:35:06,520 --> 00:35:10,200
Speaker 12: and then it becomes extremely costly on the long run.

529
00:35:10,360 --> 00:35:12,439
Speaker 12: I mean, of course, the human cast, the moral cost

530
00:35:12,600 --> 00:35:15,359
Speaker 12: is the most important one, but even in monetary terms,

531
00:35:15,440 --> 00:35:23,120
Speaker 12: it's it's a disaster. So once you start building that

532
00:35:23,320 --> 00:35:25,640
Speaker 12: in and once you start thinking about the fact that

533
00:35:25,719 --> 00:35:29,160
Speaker 12: actually giving people cash can even grow the economy, you

534
00:35:29,320 --> 00:35:31,359
Speaker 12: realize that it's not as bad as it looks.

535
00:35:50,120 --> 00:35:51,920
Speaker 3: Royal Hanna's Taipei.

536
00:35:54,480 --> 00:35:57,359
Speaker 1: We're on a busy block on Manchester Avenue in South

537
00:35:57,520 --> 00:36:01,120
Speaker 1: LA with Martha, the woman from Andudas met earlier, and

538
00:36:01,239 --> 00:36:02,160
Speaker 1: her daughter Lizzie.

539
00:36:02,520 --> 00:36:05,279
Speaker 7: I'm pretty sure my light slow and they're like, berg,

540
00:36:05,440 --> 00:36:06,040
Speaker 7: think it not.

541
00:36:06,600 --> 00:36:11,360
Speaker 1: In left leg, Martha shows me this big empty space

542
00:36:11,600 --> 00:36:18,719
Speaker 1: with very tall ceilings and freshly painted white walls. This

543
00:36:19,160 --> 00:36:21,600
Speaker 1: is how Martha has been investing the other half of

544
00:36:21,680 --> 00:36:24,360
Speaker 1: the big leap money. She's about to open her own.

545
00:36:24,239 --> 00:36:26,640
Speaker 3: Store, well La Mayoria de Cosa so on.

546
00:36:28,160 --> 00:36:34,280
Speaker 1: The Martha will sell mostly clothes, but also toys, shoes,

547
00:36:34,600 --> 00:36:38,799
Speaker 1: women's accessories. She buys these carded palettes from big retailers

548
00:36:38,880 --> 00:36:41,880
Speaker 1: like Target or Costco, and then she sells the items

549
00:36:41,920 --> 00:36:44,680
Speaker 1: at an affordable price in her neighborhood.

550
00:36:47,280 --> 00:36:48,000
Speaker 3: And musium.

551
00:36:51,360 --> 00:36:54,200
Speaker 1: Martha is excited about opening the store, but when she

552
00:36:54,320 --> 00:36:56,960
Speaker 1: thinks about having to make rent for the space and

553
00:36:57,239 --> 00:37:00,319
Speaker 1: about starting something new, she gets a little scared too.

554
00:37:01,480 --> 00:37:04,960
Speaker 1: Her husband, Freddy isn't fully on board with Marthas and Davers.

555
00:37:05,480 --> 00:37:09,439
Speaker 1: He thinks it's a huge financial risk. Her daughters aren't

556
00:37:09,520 --> 00:37:12,480
Speaker 1: very supportive either, because they aren't used to her mother

557
00:37:12,560 --> 00:37:15,640
Speaker 1: spending so much time out of the house. But none

558
00:37:15,680 --> 00:37:26,680
Speaker 1: of that stops Marta la. It's a dream Martha has

559
00:37:26,719 --> 00:37:29,160
Speaker 1: had for a long time, but she was too busy

560
00:37:29,280 --> 00:37:32,920
Speaker 1: taking care of her daughters. She feels confident about taking

561
00:37:33,000 --> 00:37:35,760
Speaker 1: this step because she knows how to run a store.

562
00:37:36,120 --> 00:37:38,520
Speaker 1: She's done it before me Mama.

563
00:37:40,320 --> 00:37:42,680
Speaker 3: Tormented the pas of Pecanos.

564
00:37:43,920 --> 00:37:47,680
Speaker 1: Back in Onduras, Marta studied marketing in college. In the

565
00:37:47,719 --> 00:37:50,440
Speaker 1: small city of Choloma in the northwest of the country,

566
00:37:50,920 --> 00:37:54,840
Speaker 1: her mother opened a mini market. The family business started small,

567
00:37:55,080 --> 00:37:58,320
Speaker 1: selling groceries, and Martha helped her mother manage the store.

568
00:37:59,040 --> 00:38:01,800
Speaker 1: She loved it and she was good at it. The

569
00:38:01,920 --> 00:38:04,680
Speaker 1: business grew and the family soon owned three stores.

570
00:38:05,360 --> 00:38:11,720
Speaker 4: Sstaalas Jimmy Mama's Diversifico muchosun Negosha followed Exito Total.

571
00:38:12,320 --> 00:38:15,799
Speaker 1: When criminal gangs killed her two brothers, Marta and her

572
00:38:15,840 --> 00:38:21,000
Speaker 1: mother decided to close the businesses. And when Marta left Ondudas,

573
00:38:21,160 --> 00:38:24,080
Speaker 1: her dream of following in her mother's steps became more

574
00:38:24,239 --> 00:38:28,279
Speaker 1: and more distant. When the pandemic hit and Freddi lost

575
00:38:28,320 --> 00:38:31,520
Speaker 1: his job and then injured his hand. The family was

576
00:38:31,640 --> 00:38:34,600
Speaker 1: left without a stable source of income for many months.

577
00:38:35,360 --> 00:38:38,000
Speaker 1: They barely survived on the three to four hundred dollars

578
00:38:38,040 --> 00:38:41,280
Speaker 1: Freddy was able to make every week with spontaneous gigs.

579
00:38:42,480 --> 00:38:44,680
Speaker 1: Marta was trying to find ways to help keep the

580
00:38:44,760 --> 00:38:48,600
Speaker 1: family afloat. She applied for the weekly program, but she

581
00:38:48,680 --> 00:38:50,200
Speaker 1: also got creative at home.

582
00:38:50,760 --> 00:38:56,320
Speaker 3: Al Principean Kosalski Missi hasi wan the hand of Kenaiann

583
00:38:56,400 --> 00:38:57,360
Speaker 3: Proveecho Mahenka.

584
00:38:58,040 --> 00:39:00,720
Speaker 1: At first, she was giving away toll is her daughters

585
00:39:00,760 --> 00:39:05,480
Speaker 1: didn't use anymore, using platforms like Facebook. Then people started

586
00:39:05,560 --> 00:39:13,800
Speaker 1: offering her money for them and and that experience revived

587
00:39:13,840 --> 00:39:18,879
Speaker 1: her dream. So when she got selected for the Big

588
00:39:18,960 --> 00:39:22,160
Speaker 1: Ley program, she knew she had to invest the money wisely.

589
00:39:28,560 --> 00:39:33,640
Speaker 3: Jeans closes.

590
00:39:34,200 --> 00:39:36,640
Speaker 1: She could have spent the money on shoes or clothes

591
00:39:36,719 --> 00:39:40,960
Speaker 1: for herself and her daughters, but that would have been it. Instead,

592
00:39:41,120 --> 00:39:44,200
Speaker 1: Marta decided to buy merchandise and then sell it to

593
00:39:44,360 --> 00:39:56,640
Speaker 1: generate a profit. Martha is unfolding clothes and hanging them

594
00:39:56,719 --> 00:40:01,040
Speaker 1: on a circular hangar, being busy makes Marta feel good.

595
00:40:01,600 --> 00:40:06,120
Speaker 1: It's like therapy, she says. Well, she organizes sneakers and

596
00:40:06,280 --> 00:40:09,680
Speaker 1: Ellie caps on a long white plastic table. Martha gets

597
00:40:09,719 --> 00:40:19,680
Speaker 1: a video calls it's Martha's mother calling from Honduras. Her

598
00:40:19,760 --> 00:40:23,839
Speaker 1: name is Martha as well. Moving the phone around, MARTA's

599
00:40:23,880 --> 00:40:24,839
Speaker 1: her mother the new.

600
00:40:24,760 --> 00:40:27,279
Speaker 3: Space, Mama r.

601
00:40:36,200 --> 00:40:39,080
Speaker 1: Martha's mother recommends her not to drill any holes on

602
00:40:39,160 --> 00:40:42,120
Speaker 1: the walls because she might not get her deposit back today.

603
00:40:42,200 --> 00:40:45,640
Speaker 1: She has to leave the space. Martha actually borrowed money

604
00:40:45,680 --> 00:40:48,640
Speaker 1: from her mother and some other family members in Hondudas

605
00:40:48,680 --> 00:40:49,799
Speaker 1: to open the store.

606
00:40:51,760 --> 00:40:52,240
Speaker 3: Grandmos.

607
00:40:55,160 --> 00:40:57,839
Speaker 1: Martha's mother tells her she has a gift that God

608
00:40:57,960 --> 00:41:07,279
Speaker 1: gave her. And look at you're a business woman, her

609
00:41:07,360 --> 00:41:11,799
Speaker 1: mother tells her, as she is, Mamma the.

610
00:41:11,840 --> 00:41:12,239
Speaker 3: Way I am.

611
00:41:12,239 --> 00:41:17,600
Speaker 1: Martha tells her mother she's gonna call her later because

612
00:41:17,640 --> 00:41:19,640
Speaker 1: she needs to call a client who wants to buy

613
00:41:19,719 --> 00:41:23,239
Speaker 1: some gifts. They talk every day, often more than once.

614
00:41:26,160 --> 00:41:26,640
Speaker 3: By a mom.

615
00:41:27,560 --> 00:41:29,680
Speaker 1: I asked Marta if she already has a name in

616
00:41:29,800 --> 00:41:31,160
Speaker 1: mind for her store.

617
00:41:32,920 --> 00:41:47,000
Speaker 4: The one outlet, the one and honor as a your

618
00:41:47,160 --> 00:41:49,240
Speaker 4: daddy was Sonya Looras.

619
00:41:50,680 --> 00:41:53,960
Speaker 1: Martha says she would love to name the store dubone outlet.

620
00:41:54,960 --> 00:41:57,520
Speaker 1: The one is her mother's last name, and she wants

621
00:41:57,560 --> 00:42:00,840
Speaker 1: to honor her, a strong, bold woman who worked a

622
00:42:00,880 --> 00:42:04,040
Speaker 1: lot and was also a dreamer, just like Martha.

623
00:42:10,280 --> 00:42:13,360
Speaker 2: Coming up on Latino USA. We go to Martha's grand

624
00:42:13,480 --> 00:42:17,520
Speaker 2: opening and we asked, what's the future of guaranteed income

625
00:42:17,600 --> 00:42:19,080
Speaker 2: programs in the United States?

626
00:42:19,719 --> 00:42:21,480
Speaker 1: Stay with us, not the ys.

627
00:42:34,800 --> 00:42:38,040
Speaker 5: Hi, Latino USA. My name is Magali garciaflex. I grew

628
00:42:38,120 --> 00:42:40,640
Speaker 5: up along the US Mestical border in Laredo, Texas. The

629
00:42:40,719 --> 00:42:43,480
Speaker 5: first time I started listening to Latino USA was in

630
00:42:43,560 --> 00:42:45,800
Speaker 5: the fall of twenty fourteen. I had just started a

631
00:42:45,880 --> 00:42:48,280
Speaker 5: new job at Providence College, and I turned to Latino

632
00:42:48,400 --> 00:42:50,920
Speaker 5: USA as both material for class, but also as a

633
00:42:50,960 --> 00:42:54,040
Speaker 5: way to feel closer to home. The familiar voices, especially

634
00:42:54,120 --> 00:42:57,160
Speaker 5: the trans languaging between English and Spanish, and the topics

635
00:42:57,200 --> 00:42:59,600
Speaker 5: that really resonated with me are what made me feel

636
00:42:59,640 --> 00:43:01,360
Speaker 5: like I know, USA was so right.

637
00:43:01,280 --> 00:43:02,200
Speaker 3: And so special for me.

638
00:43:02,360 --> 00:43:03,879
Speaker 5: Seal complex, here's too many more.

639
00:43:07,200 --> 00:43:08,000
Speaker 1: Hey, we're back.

640
00:43:08,600 --> 00:43:11,759
Speaker 2: Before the break, we saw how Marta and Michaela, two

641
00:43:11,840 --> 00:43:16,920
Speaker 2: participants of Los Angeles's Guaranteed Income program, are spending the

642
00:43:17,000 --> 00:43:19,719
Speaker 2: one thousand dollars they're getting every month for one year.

643
00:43:20,640 --> 00:43:23,440
Speaker 2: You know, USA senior producer Marta Martinez is going to

644
00:43:23,480 --> 00:43:26,080
Speaker 2: pick up the story from here, Ola.

645
00:43:31,160 --> 00:43:37,879
Speaker 1: Today is the grand opening of Martha's store. I can't

646
00:43:37,920 --> 00:43:42,160
Speaker 1: even recognize the space. It's now so full of clothes, toys,

647
00:43:42,560 --> 00:43:46,000
Speaker 1: home supplies. By the window, there's a display for Saint

648
00:43:46,040 --> 00:43:49,800
Speaker 1: Valentine's Day, full of hearts and stuffed animals. I noticed

649
00:43:49,800 --> 00:43:52,720
Speaker 1: that Marta didn't follow her mother's advice, and she drilled

650
00:43:52,880 --> 00:43:56,239
Speaker 1: two giant racks on the left wall. They're packed with

651
00:43:56,360 --> 00:44:03,120
Speaker 1: T shirts, sweaters, jeans. She's going all in. Hello, ladies,

652
00:44:04,400 --> 00:44:10,520
Speaker 1: how are you today. MARTA's daughters, Lizzie and Sophia are

653
00:44:10,600 --> 00:44:14,120
Speaker 1: also here, and they're dressed for the occasion. They each

654
00:44:14,200 --> 00:44:17,160
Speaker 1: wear a big bowl on their hair. Lizzie is covered

655
00:44:17,239 --> 00:44:20,040
Speaker 1: in rainbows, a big rainbow on her chest and a

656
00:44:20,120 --> 00:44:23,480
Speaker 1: rainbow pattern skirt. Sophia has a T shirt with a

657
00:44:23,600 --> 00:44:25,919
Speaker 1: unicorn on the front and on the back.

658
00:44:27,200 --> 00:44:32,600
Speaker 7: Well, yes, Corney, fairly, Fia, oh, Sophia.

659
00:44:33,320 --> 00:44:36,279
Speaker 1: Marta greets everyone who enters the store and answers their

660
00:44:36,360 --> 00:44:45,960
Speaker 1: questions single promise. In the back of the store, there's

661
00:44:46,040 --> 00:44:51,960
Speaker 1: a small table where they're serving natches the fruit. The

662
00:44:52,040 --> 00:44:54,760
Speaker 1: same long plastic table from the first day I visited

663
00:44:54,800 --> 00:44:57,560
Speaker 1: the store is now covered in all kinds of chips

664
00:44:57,719 --> 00:45:02,000
Speaker 1: and sodas for everyone to pick up for free. Sophie

665
00:45:02,080 --> 00:45:04,040
Speaker 1: asks me if I want anything.

666
00:45:04,080 --> 00:45:07,480
Speaker 7: Oh, by the way, we have chips, drinks, whatever, And.

667
00:45:07,520 --> 00:45:10,800
Speaker 1: Then she tells me about what a particular soda is

668
00:45:10,920 --> 00:45:11,279
Speaker 1: made of.

669
00:45:12,120 --> 00:45:18,600
Speaker 7: And it's made of sugar coop And that's.

670
00:45:21,719 --> 00:45:24,520
Speaker 1: More than a store opening. It feels like a neighborhood

671
00:45:24,560 --> 00:45:29,440
Speaker 1: birthday party. And then Martha's next door neighbors sho Gloria

672
00:45:29,600 --> 00:45:33,080
Speaker 1: and Marcus neighbors.

673
00:45:35,800 --> 00:45:36,240
Speaker 7: Welcome.

674
00:45:36,960 --> 00:45:40,080
Speaker 1: They're both tall and thin and here waiting for you.

675
00:45:40,920 --> 00:45:43,400
Speaker 1: Marcus walks slowly and is always joking.

676
00:45:44,760 --> 00:45:46,320
Speaker 9: Nurse is nice.

677
00:45:46,760 --> 00:45:49,840
Speaker 1: Marcus sits and it's some natchos well. His wife Gloria

678
00:45:50,000 --> 00:45:53,320
Speaker 1: browses around. He sits next to two solvador and women

679
00:45:53,440 --> 00:45:56,840
Speaker 1: who don't speak English, but he seems to be enjoying himself.

680
00:45:58,440 --> 00:45:59,719
Speaker 7: Go back in her pressure room.

681
00:46:02,280 --> 00:46:04,760
Speaker 1: Gloria ends up buying a couple of long sleeve shirts

682
00:46:04,920 --> 00:46:07,200
Speaker 1: and a pair of pants. It took a while for

683
00:46:07,400 --> 00:46:11,160
Speaker 1: Martha to have a relationship with Marcus and Gloria. Language

684
00:46:11,480 --> 00:46:20,480
Speaker 1: was a barrier but over time they've become closer. The

685
00:46:20,560 --> 00:46:23,600
Speaker 1: couple sits down its cake and chats with the group

686
00:46:23,680 --> 00:46:32,080
Speaker 1: for a while. It's getting late. While Marcus and Gloria leave,

687
00:46:32,440 --> 00:46:37,520
Speaker 1: Martha gets a call from her mother. Martha moves the

688
00:46:37,600 --> 00:46:40,480
Speaker 1: phone around and shows her mother how full the story is.

689
00:46:41,560 --> 00:46:52,320
Speaker 1: Now the celebration is complete. The City of Los Angeles

690
00:46:52,440 --> 00:46:54,800
Speaker 1: doesn't have hard data yet on the impact of the

691
00:46:54,840 --> 00:46:58,200
Speaker 1: Big Leap program. It'll still take months to analyze what

692
00:46:58,360 --> 00:47:01,600
Speaker 1: happened during the year when partic sipens cutter cash transfers,

693
00:47:02,080 --> 00:47:07,120
Speaker 1: and what happened during the six months after that. But

694
00:47:07,280 --> 00:47:11,400
Speaker 1: Abigail Marquez from La City Government is quite impressed so far,

695
00:47:11,880 --> 00:47:14,719
Speaker 1: even after twenty years working in public administration.

696
00:47:15,360 --> 00:47:18,800
Speaker 6: It's all anecdotal at this point, but we have learned

697
00:47:19,200 --> 00:47:21,640
Speaker 6: that through this program, people are feeling less stress and

698
00:47:21,760 --> 00:47:25,200
Speaker 6: less anxiety. That's allowing households to plan for the future,

699
00:47:25,239 --> 00:47:27,840
Speaker 6: which oftentimes many people take for granted.

700
00:47:28,520 --> 00:47:32,000
Speaker 1: Reports from over twenty other pilot programs across the country

701
00:47:32,400 --> 00:47:37,560
Speaker 1: have shown similar positive results reduced stress levels, improved physical health,

702
00:47:38,040 --> 00:47:42,560
Speaker 1: higher full time employment rates, including the final results from

703
00:47:42,600 --> 00:47:47,160
Speaker 1: the Stockton program, which came out recently. Abigail says Stockton,

704
00:47:47,239 --> 00:47:48,520
Speaker 1: sparked the national movement.

705
00:47:49,239 --> 00:47:51,880
Speaker 6: We have cities for guaranteed income, we have counties for

706
00:47:52,000 --> 00:47:55,600
Speaker 6: guaranteed income, and we're talking about this at the federal level,

707
00:47:55,719 --> 00:47:58,520
Speaker 6: you know, with the President and many of our congressional

708
00:47:58,600 --> 00:47:59,560
Speaker 6: representatives as well.

709
00:48:00,760 --> 00:48:04,560
Speaker 1: The state of California is funding several guaranteed income programs

710
00:48:04,640 --> 00:48:07,759
Speaker 1: for mothers and children, and in the state of New York,

711
00:48:08,120 --> 00:48:11,920
Speaker 1: people are pushing for a similar initiative. In twenty twenty one,

712
00:48:12,239 --> 00:48:16,640
Speaker 1: the Biden administration expanded the Child Independent Tax Credit that

713
00:48:16,800 --> 00:48:19,839
Speaker 1: gave families up to three hundred dollars a month per child.

714
00:48:20,520 --> 00:48:23,600
Speaker 1: They didn't call it guaranteed income, but it was pretty

715
00:48:23,640 --> 00:48:27,680
Speaker 1: similar and it helped cut child poverty in half. For

716
00:48:27,840 --> 00:48:32,400
Speaker 1: many experts, it's clear that guaranteed income programs work. The

717
00:48:32,520 --> 00:48:36,360
Speaker 1: question is how they can strengthen the social welfare system,

718
00:48:36,840 --> 00:48:40,719
Speaker 1: not dismantle it. I shared it with Abigail one of

719
00:48:40,800 --> 00:48:43,719
Speaker 1: the questions that keeps resonating in my head since I

720
00:48:43,800 --> 00:48:46,840
Speaker 1: started reporting on the Big Lead program on what this

721
00:48:47,040 --> 00:48:50,640
Speaker 1: year has been like for Marta and Mikaela and another

722
00:48:50,760 --> 00:48:51,880
Speaker 1: thirty two hundred people.

723
00:48:54,040 --> 00:48:59,160
Speaker 14: They've definitely gotten this economic stability for a year, but

724
00:48:59,360 --> 00:49:02,799
Speaker 14: now are going to stop receiving that, Like, what's going

725
00:49:02,840 --> 00:49:04,600
Speaker 14: to happen to these people?

726
00:49:05,239 --> 00:49:09,560
Speaker 6: So that's you know, that is the unfortunate aspect of

727
00:49:09,680 --> 00:49:13,440
Speaker 6: this work is that we won't really know people are working,

728
00:49:13,600 --> 00:49:17,640
Speaker 6: but the economy is not working for our lowest wage earners.

729
00:49:18,760 --> 00:49:23,040
Speaker 1: I also asked Juliana Bida Lanure from Stanford's Basic Income Lab.

730
00:49:24,120 --> 00:49:27,319
Speaker 8: Yeah, that's such an important question. I worry about this too,

731
00:49:27,520 --> 00:49:27,719
Speaker 8: you know.

732
00:49:28,000 --> 00:49:31,920
Speaker 12: I think people have been incredible by enlarged using the

733
00:49:32,000 --> 00:49:34,520
Speaker 12: cash in ways that put them in a better.

734
00:49:34,400 --> 00:49:36,000
Speaker 8: Position after the program ends.

735
00:49:36,080 --> 00:49:38,680
Speaker 12: But it's still a very big concern because the idea

736
00:49:38,719 --> 00:49:40,680
Speaker 12: of the of the program is not like we give

737
00:49:40,719 --> 00:49:42,120
Speaker 12: you cash for a little while and then you're on

738
00:49:42,239 --> 00:49:42,600
Speaker 12: your own.

739
00:49:42,680 --> 00:49:43,920
Speaker 1: It's actually the opposite of that.

740
00:49:44,560 --> 00:49:49,080
Speaker 12: The idea is we create this robust flaw that will

741
00:49:49,360 --> 00:49:52,279
Speaker 12: ensure that this is guaranteed and you know that you

742
00:49:52,400 --> 00:49:54,800
Speaker 12: will always be able to rely on this. And the

743
00:49:54,920 --> 00:49:57,200
Speaker 12: question is also like what kinds of choices you make

744
00:49:57,560 --> 00:49:59,239
Speaker 12: when that's secured.

745
00:50:02,080 --> 00:50:05,400
Speaker 1: Juliana believes that beyond the hard data that these pilot

746
00:50:05,440 --> 00:50:09,080
Speaker 1: programs will gather on their positive impact, there are bigger

747
00:50:09,239 --> 00:50:12,480
Speaker 1: moral and political questions to consider when thinking about the

748
00:50:12,600 --> 00:50:13,600
Speaker 1: future of UBI.

749
00:50:14,080 --> 00:50:17,000
Speaker 12: It's really about what we owe each other. In wealthy Nasian,

750
00:50:17,120 --> 00:50:21,440
Speaker 12: we have accumulated unprecedented wealth off the backs of workers

751
00:50:21,520 --> 00:50:24,160
Speaker 12: past and present, and so I think it's really time

752
00:50:24,239 --> 00:50:26,040
Speaker 12: to redistribute this wealth more fairly.

753
00:50:26,640 --> 00:50:30,120
Speaker 1: And she wishes that the pandemic helps us think differently

754
00:50:30,480 --> 00:50:31,520
Speaker 1: about emergencies.

755
00:50:31,960 --> 00:50:35,160
Speaker 12: Now we think about cashas like effective, but we continue

756
00:50:35,200 --> 00:50:38,520
Speaker 12: to think about cash as only for emergency situations, but

757
00:50:38,800 --> 00:50:45,600
Speaker 12: not realizing that abject poverty, economic insecurity ah emergencies and

758
00:50:45,680 --> 00:50:47,399
Speaker 12: that we need to fix it now.

759
00:50:57,160 --> 00:50:59,680
Speaker 1: I meet Mikhaela at the red brick home in South

760
00:51:00,320 --> 00:51:03,719
Speaker 1: where she rents two rooms. We walked to the backyard

761
00:51:03,880 --> 00:51:07,160
Speaker 1: where there's a shed she has converted into her sewing workshop.

762
00:51:08,120 --> 00:51:08,640
Speaker 10: The man.

763
00:51:10,000 --> 00:51:13,280
Speaker 1: It's been hard to meet with Mikhaela because she's always working.

764
00:51:14,360 --> 00:51:17,960
Speaker 1: Last night she finished her latest assignment. She sold five

765
00:51:18,040 --> 00:51:20,080
Speaker 1: hundred blouses for two dollars.

766
00:51:19,840 --> 00:51:24,920
Speaker 10: Each Plando in Tregando.

767
00:51:29,400 --> 00:51:32,480
Speaker 1: She was folding clothes until eleven pm the night before.

768
00:51:33,160 --> 00:51:36,399
Speaker 1: She won't be receiving any more cash transfers from Big Leap,

769
00:51:36,760 --> 00:51:39,839
Speaker 1: so she feels she can't say no to any new assignments.

770
00:51:40,880 --> 00:51:43,960
Speaker 1: Mikaela shows me around the tiny well organized.

771
00:51:43,560 --> 00:51:48,480
Speaker 10: Shed connom presta Makina is the makina is tramakina.

772
00:51:49,080 --> 00:51:52,239
Speaker 1: After Mikhayela paid off her son's college debt, she bought

773
00:51:52,360 --> 00:51:56,239
Speaker 1: four second hands sewing machinets. They added up to about

774
00:51:56,320 --> 00:51:59,160
Speaker 1: five thousand dollars and she's still paying for them.

775
00:52:01,040 --> 00:52:05,920
Speaker 10: Reno borgestava, pagandoodiz sala rerenta and ton says yo no

776
00:52:06,000 --> 00:52:08,319
Speaker 10: al cansa and no salad in nero.

777
00:52:08,880 --> 00:52:10,920
Speaker 1: She used to pay one hundred and ten dollars a

778
00:52:11,040 --> 00:52:14,239
Speaker 1: month to rent the machines, but now all she makes

779
00:52:14,320 --> 00:52:17,279
Speaker 1: with her work she keeps, even if it isn't much.

780
00:52:19,840 --> 00:52:22,560
Speaker 1: Mikhaela says that without the help of Big Lip, she

781
00:52:22,640 --> 00:52:25,480
Speaker 1: would never have been able to purchase the sewing machines.

782
00:52:26,040 --> 00:52:28,160
Speaker 1: That's because you always left hand to mouth.

783
00:52:28,960 --> 00:52:35,080
Speaker 10: Doosolo parami san sali loyo yora was.

784
00:52:40,360 --> 00:52:41,040
Speaker 8: Mia yudai.

785
00:52:42,080 --> 00:52:44,800
Speaker 1: This whole year of receiving a stable income was a

786
00:52:44,880 --> 00:52:48,480
Speaker 1: big relief for Mikhaela. She felt she was getting out

787
00:52:48,480 --> 00:52:51,240
Speaker 1: of the hole, that she was finally able to breathe.

788
00:52:52,520 --> 00:52:55,120
Speaker 1: But now that the program is over, she still has

789
00:52:55,360 --> 00:52:57,000
Speaker 1: other problems to worry about.

790
00:52:57,680 --> 00:53:01,880
Speaker 10: Miss Manos komote Otterna.

791
00:53:02,080 --> 00:53:05,480
Speaker 1: Mikaela shows me her hands. She wears two black wrisbands

792
00:53:05,600 --> 00:53:09,239
Speaker 1: after developing carpal tunnel on both hands from so many

793
00:53:09,360 --> 00:53:13,480
Speaker 1: years of sewing and iron clothes. The doctor says she'll

794
00:53:13,480 --> 00:53:16,640
Speaker 1: probably need surgery, but she doesn't have the money to

795
00:53:16,719 --> 00:53:19,200
Speaker 1: pay for the procedure and she can't afford going on

796
00:53:19,320 --> 00:53:20,320
Speaker 1: signif either.

797
00:53:22,239 --> 00:53:24,880
Speaker 8: Independent was.

798
00:53:26,440 --> 00:53:33,520
Speaker 1: Medicina, Mikaela shows me a giant orange bottle full of pills. Chelsea,

799
00:53:33,600 --> 00:53:37,600
Speaker 1: and she's taking a hundred milligram ibuprofen pills to keep going.

800
00:53:40,080 --> 00:53:42,280
Speaker 1: A couple of nights ago, at one in the morning,

801
00:53:42,760 --> 00:53:45,360
Speaker 1: she was in bed and the taki cardia came.

802
00:53:45,280 --> 00:53:59,000
Speaker 8: Back my pega barossolo sinkos wundos verte meat.

803
00:53:59,440 --> 00:54:02,680
Speaker 1: Her heart started racing so hard she could even see

804
00:54:02,719 --> 00:54:06,040
Speaker 1: her nightgown going up and down. She thought her heart

805
00:54:06,200 --> 00:54:10,280
Speaker 1: was going to jump out of her chests.

806
00:54:10,719 --> 00:54:13,160
Speaker 8: Yes and dia perro ci fut.

807
00:54:15,280 --> 00:54:18,239
Speaker 1: It went on for twenty minutes. She thought she was

808
00:54:18,320 --> 00:54:21,560
Speaker 1: going to faint, and she ended up calling an ambulance.

809
00:54:24,760 --> 00:54:31,720
Speaker 10: Talvesi yo talves me pantstres prone.

810
00:54:34,880 --> 00:54:38,120
Speaker 1: Mikhaela wonders if all of this is because of the

811
00:54:38,160 --> 00:54:42,880
Speaker 1: Bigley program ending, but she tells herself that she has

812
00:54:42,960 --> 00:54:46,800
Speaker 1: to move forward and work harder. She does have a dream,

813
00:54:48,800 --> 00:54:51,960
Speaker 1: like Marta. Mikaela wants to open her own small business,

814
00:54:52,320 --> 00:54:55,760
Speaker 1: a sewing workshop. She wants to hire about five people

815
00:54:56,000 --> 00:54:56,600
Speaker 1: to help her.

816
00:54:58,280 --> 00:55:08,640
Speaker 10: Permitted questa adasatamente novi aldiya viorna in Berti and ali

817
00:55:08,920 --> 00:55:11,960
Speaker 10: mi propio peke presita.

818
00:55:13,480 --> 00:55:16,800
Speaker 1: With the Big Lip Program, Mikhaela got one step closer

819
00:55:17,080 --> 00:55:20,399
Speaker 1: to her goal of creating her own business, but she's

820
00:55:20,440 --> 00:55:30,480
Speaker 1: still pretty far away from achieving it. I catch up

821
00:55:30,520 --> 00:55:33,200
Speaker 1: with Marta at her store three days before her next

822
00:55:33,239 --> 00:55:36,680
Speaker 1: Big Lip cash transfer, her second to last. There are

823
00:55:36,760 --> 00:55:39,759
Speaker 1: even more goods now, a small fridge with sodas near

824
00:55:39,840 --> 00:55:43,120
Speaker 1: the entrance, columns of toilet paper piling up in the

825
00:55:43,160 --> 00:55:43,800
Speaker 1: back room.

826
00:55:46,160 --> 00:55:53,400
Speaker 4: The loya vendid contradovoice this fetch i dig grandia.

827
00:55:54,520 --> 00:55:57,080
Speaker 1: There hasn't been a single day when Marta left the

828
00:55:57,120 --> 00:56:01,520
Speaker 1: store without selling anything. Today it's three pm and she's

829
00:56:01,520 --> 00:56:04,960
Speaker 1: already made one hundred and fifty dollars. Marta worried a

830
00:56:05,040 --> 00:56:07,560
Speaker 1: lot about being able to cover rent for the space

831
00:56:07,719 --> 00:56:10,919
Speaker 1: with the store cells because it's twelve hundred dollars a month.

832
00:56:11,680 --> 00:56:12,560
Speaker 1: It's the best person.

833
00:56:14,840 --> 00:56:16,240
Speaker 8: See see.

834
00:56:18,400 --> 00:56:22,800
Speaker 4: See I thank you maday, so he puts, yeah, this

835
00:56:22,880 --> 00:56:27,040
Speaker 4: is excellenteo ya competra marcari yoo mas.

836
00:56:28,920 --> 00:56:31,759
Speaker 1: Martha says she's already made double the rent for this

837
00:56:31,960 --> 00:56:35,239
Speaker 1: month and all the extra money she has invested it

838
00:56:35,360 --> 00:56:39,240
Speaker 1: in new merchandise. Martha only has two more cash deposits

839
00:56:39,320 --> 00:56:42,279
Speaker 1: left from Big Deep, but she says she's not sad

840
00:56:42,360 --> 00:56:45,600
Speaker 1: that the program is ending. Having a steady cash support

841
00:56:45,880 --> 00:56:48,680
Speaker 1: allowed her to do things she always dreamed of, but

842
00:56:48,920 --> 00:56:51,640
Speaker 1: she would have never been able to achieve on her own.

843
00:56:52,600 --> 00:57:01,759
Speaker 3: So on those dollar nomelo u ningun son and now

844
00:57:01,840 --> 00:57:08,400
Speaker 3: that sun Cantida buena de avechalgo Provicio's.

845
00:57:08,320 --> 00:57:14,400
Speaker 1: See that's as at brend she would have never in

846
00:57:14,520 --> 00:57:18,520
Speaker 1: her life had access to twelve thousand dollars otherwise, and

847
00:57:18,640 --> 00:57:25,120
Speaker 1: Marta thinks she's used the money well. When she was

848
00:57:25,240 --> 00:57:28,000
Speaker 1: leaving day to day, she wasn't able to think beyond

849
00:57:28,280 --> 00:57:30,760
Speaker 1: how to get to the end of the month, and

850
00:57:31,120 --> 00:57:36,120
Speaker 1: like Mikaela, that made her physically sick. Once they were

851
00:57:36,200 --> 00:57:39,040
Speaker 1: able to get out of survival mode and keep their

852
00:57:39,120 --> 00:57:42,919
Speaker 1: head above water, that's when they started thinking long term

853
00:57:43,280 --> 00:57:47,280
Speaker 1: and making smart decisions about money. Both Marta and Mikhaela

854
00:57:47,480 --> 00:57:51,280
Speaker 1: had dreams to open their own businesses, businesses that would

855
00:57:51,320 --> 00:57:54,560
Speaker 1: employ other people and contribute to the economic prosperity of

856
00:57:54,600 --> 00:57:59,000
Speaker 1: their communities. But now that they'll stop receiving cash, it's

857
00:57:59,120 --> 00:58:01,640
Speaker 1: not clear what they'll be able to keep up with

858
00:58:01,800 --> 00:58:09,680
Speaker 1: the steady growth They've both decided to keep trying. Martha

859
00:58:09,760 --> 00:58:13,439
Speaker 1: gets to work for herself now, not for others, making

860
00:58:13,480 --> 00:58:16,200
Speaker 1: her own schedule and adapting to her daughters too, and.

861
00:58:16,280 --> 00:58:18,320
Speaker 7: We don't think connecting for snack time.

862
00:58:18,560 --> 00:58:20,959
Speaker 1: Her husband, Freddie, picked up the girls from school early

863
00:58:21,080 --> 00:58:28,920
Speaker 1: today because Sophia isn't feeling well. No, it looks like

864
00:58:29,080 --> 00:58:32,040
Speaker 1: the virus that first made Lizzie sick has been passing

865
00:58:32,160 --> 00:58:36,560
Speaker 1: from one family member to another. The girls and Freddie

866
00:58:36,960 --> 00:58:39,440
Speaker 1: still aren't fully on board with this new life of

867
00:58:39,520 --> 00:58:40,880
Speaker 1: Martha as an entrepreneur.

868
00:58:42,440 --> 00:58:44,040
Speaker 13: Why you don't like here?

869
00:58:47,120 --> 00:58:50,480
Speaker 7: And there's no TV so I can't do anything.

870
00:58:51,680 --> 00:58:54,440
Speaker 1: After school, the girls spend some time at the store

871
00:58:54,480 --> 00:58:57,320
Speaker 1: with Martha, and then they all go home for dinner.

872
00:58:58,080 --> 00:59:00,200
Speaker 1: Martha has no plans to go back to the life

873
00:59:00,240 --> 00:59:01,000
Speaker 1: she had before the.

874
00:59:01,080 --> 00:59:04,720
Speaker 7: Program, unless my belly will get my dad's.

875
00:59:04,960 --> 00:59:09,040
Speaker 1: Sophia looks very pale and her stomach aches. She's far

876
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Speaker 1: from her usual bubbly self, but she'll still make the

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Speaker 1: most unexpected comments, like when she's talking about her dad.

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Speaker 7: Him and Spanish. I call him Babby in the English,

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Speaker 7: as you know, but I've called him sometimes sometimes I

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Speaker 7: call him that.

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00:59:30,960 --> 00:59:34,880
Speaker 1: It's almost five pm. Marta decides that today she's gonna

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00:59:34,920 --> 00:59:38,240
Speaker 1: close the store early and she's gonna go home and

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00:59:38,360 --> 00:59:46,480
Speaker 1: take care of her daughters. Yeah, because now she is

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Speaker 1: the boss.

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Speaker 7: However, s we go about?

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Speaker 3: Have you seen?

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Speaker 2: This episode was produced by Marta Martinez and edited by

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Speaker 2: Daisy Contreras. It was mixed by Stephanie Lebau and Julia Caruso.

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Speaker 2: Fact checking for this episode by Monica Morales Garcia. The

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Speaker 2: Latino USA team includes Andrea Lopez Ruzado, Mike Sargent, Miktrri Estrada, Rinaldo,

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01:00:36,600 --> 01:00:41,880
Speaker 2: Leanos Junior, Patricia Subrand and Elizabeth Loental Torres. Our editorial

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01:00:42,000 --> 01:00:45,960
Speaker 2: director is Fernande Santos. Our associate engineers are Gabriel La

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01:00:46,000 --> 01:00:49,920
Speaker 2: Bayez and JJ Carubin. Our marketing manager is Luis Luna.

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01:00:50,200 --> 01:00:53,120
Speaker 2: Our theme music was composed by Sane Rubinos. I'm your

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Speaker 2: host and executive producer Maria J. Josa join us again

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Speaker 2: on our next episode. In the meantime, look for us

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Speaker 2: on social media. Remember and we'll see you on the

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Speaker 2: next one.

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Speaker 6: Joe Latino U s A is made possible in part

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Speaker 6: by California Endowment building a strong state by improving the

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01:01:15,440 --> 01:01:20,000
Speaker 6: health of all Californians. The Ford Foundation, working with visionaries

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Speaker 6: on the front lines of social change worldwide, and the

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01:01:24,320 --> 01:01:27,760
Speaker 6: Anni E. Casey Foundation, creates a brighter future for the

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Speaker 6: nation's children by strengthening families, building greater economic opportunity, and

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Speaker 6: transforming communities.