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Speaker 1: From Mediators World News Headquarters in Bozeman, Montana. This is

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Speaker 1: Kel's we Can Review with Ryan Kel Kelly and now

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Speaker 1: Here's Kel. A Washington man was recently charged with failure

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Speaker 1: to report the killing of a grizzly bear and violating

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Speaker 1: the Lacy Act by transporting the bear's claws across state lines.

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Speaker 1: The Spokane man killed the bear in the Bob Marshall

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Speaker 1: Wilderness Area in Montana sometime between September of two thousand

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Speaker 1: and seventeen and March of two thousand eighteen in a

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Speaker 1: self defense situation. Failure to report shooting grizzly bear, which

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Speaker 1: is still listed as a threatened species under the Endangered

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Speaker 1: Species Act, is punishable by up to six months in

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Speaker 1: prison and twenty five thousand dollar fine. So that's one issue.

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Speaker 1: The other is his violation of the Lacy Act. To clarify,

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Speaker 1: the Lacy Act was created d band trafficking, transport, being,

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Speaker 1: or possession of illegal wildlife. To further clarify, if you shoot,

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Speaker 1: kill and just lop off the toes of any bear,

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Speaker 1: that would be considered illegal. But if you were then

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Speaker 1: to transport those toes across state lines, that's a whole

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Speaker 1: new world. Of illegality. Now, I'm a firm believer in

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Speaker 1: innocent until proven guilty, and this man is pleaded not guilty,

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Speaker 1: So let's reserve judgment. In my experience, if you start

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Speaker 1: off lying to a game warden, which he did by

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Speaker 1: not reporting the bear shooting in the first place, and

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Speaker 1: you happen to save some grizzly bear toes in your house,

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Speaker 1: you aren't exactly stepping into court on the right foot.

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Speaker 1: This week, we've got fanged deer, migration corridors, mammoths, whales,

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Speaker 1: and so much more. But first I'm gonna tell you

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Speaker 1: about my week. I joined up with some old college

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Speaker 1: friends spent the weekend catching up over a couple of

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Speaker 1: long nights. Basically, we behaved like college kids, but we

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Speaker 1: managed to get some hunting in as well, primarily for antelope,

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Speaker 1: pronghorn antelope or incredible animals for a number of reasons. First,

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Speaker 1: they taste phenomenal, can they're the only horned animal in

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Speaker 1: the world that sheds its horns. The horn sheath is

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Speaker 1: the part that actually comes off, and the horn core,

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Speaker 1: the hard part on the inside, remains. Additionally, the horn

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Speaker 1: is forked, hence prong horn, and it is the only

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Speaker 1: forked horn in the world. Third, it's arguably the fastest

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Speaker 1: land animal on Earth. Annuet Capra americana tops out at

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Speaker 1: about sixty miles per hour at a dead sprint. The cheetah,

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Speaker 1: which the antelope is often compared to, can run faster,

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Speaker 1: but not by much, and cheetahs don't have near the

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Speaker 1: endurance of a prong horn. This comparison is kind of silly, however,

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Speaker 1: since an African cheetah will never meet an American prong

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Speaker 1: horned antelope. None of the current North American predators like wolves, bears, cougars, jaguars, lynx, coyotes,

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Speaker 1: oss lots, and bobcats, to name a few, can even

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Speaker 1: come close to running as fast as the antelope can.

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Speaker 1: Wolves come the closest, but still top out at roughly

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Speaker 1: thirty seven miles per hour. So why the hecker antelope

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Speaker 1: so fast. One theory goes that they developed their speed

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Speaker 1: eat alongside extinct predators like the American cheetah. American cheetah

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Speaker 1: fossils have been found in Wyoming, so we know they

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Speaker 1: were in the same prairies. I think the lesson here

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Speaker 1: is that if you can outrun your biggest predator, you

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Speaker 1: will likely outlive them by a roughly twelve thousand years

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Speaker 1: and counting. But speed won't get you everything. Just look

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Speaker 1: at your father in his midlife crisis car. Today's antelope

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Speaker 1: run into issues with fences literally, as in they actually

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Speaker 1: collide with fences and get torn open or hung up

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Speaker 1: on a regular basis, sometimes with lethal consequences. The evolutionary

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Speaker 1: theory here goes that they never really needed to jump,

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Speaker 1: as there earn allow of down logs on the prairie,

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Speaker 1: and fencing is a relatively new, though very pervasive addition

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Speaker 1: to their habitat. To be clear, these animals cam jump,

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Speaker 1: just not very well. If you watch a group of

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Speaker 1: antelope long enough, if you will hurtle over low fence lines.

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Speaker 1: But fencing and prong horned country presents a serious issue.

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Speaker 1: The good news is that just about every state with

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Speaker 1: antelope as a program to help folks with fences. You

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Speaker 1: can switch those old grotta, your jeans and antalope ripping

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Speaker 1: fences over to wildlife friendly fences. If you are interested,

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Speaker 1: call your state fishing game agency. You may even save

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Speaker 1: yourself from hard earned dough as an animal that can

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Speaker 1: get through a fence without tearing themselves up. I also

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Speaker 1: won't tear your fence up causing you to force your

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Speaker 1: kids to fix them. By the way, we got a

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Speaker 1: bunch of opportunities at filling two antalope tags. We hunted

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Speaker 1: a mix at BLM block management, state and private land.

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Speaker 1: My good buddy Strown came to the conclusion multiple times

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Speaker 1: that flying with your own rifle isn't that big of

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Speaker 1: a pain after all, and he'll probably do so on

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Speaker 1: the next trip. Are good buddy Carl got a nice

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Speaker 1: young antelope buck, but he just turned thirty nine, so

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Speaker 1: those days are nearly over for him. Moving on to

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Speaker 1: our Wyoming desk, and this has something in line with

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Speaker 1: mending fences. If you like healthy game populations and you

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Speaker 1: like diverse interests working together like ranchers, hunters, county commissioners, miners,

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Speaker 1: and workers, you could probably fit into Wyoming Governor Mark

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Speaker 1: Gordon's Migration Corridor Advisory Group. This collection of strange bedfellows

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Speaker 1: has been working exhaustively to find a solution to Wyoming's

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Speaker 1: migration corridors that will likely make nobody entirely happy, but

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Speaker 1: everybody kind of sort of happy. Most importantly, this group

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Speaker 1: keeps Wyoming fishing game biologists involved in corridor designations and management. Recently,

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Speaker 1: a new bill, the Easily Readable Designation of Migration Corridors

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Speaker 1: from the Select Federal Natural Resource Management Committee for the

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Speaker 1: Wyoming State Legislature. Draft Bill number two zero l s

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Speaker 1: O zero to five zero five was introduced in the

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Speaker 1: Wyoming Statehouse have passed. This legislation would exclude game managers

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Speaker 1: from conversations about resolving the migration corridor issue. Instead, this

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Speaker 1: bill relies on opinion from agencies like the Department of Revenue,

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Speaker 1: Department of Environmental Quality, and the Oil and Gas Conservation

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Speaker 1: Commission to determine how and where animals can Great economics

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Speaker 1: play a role in everything. I'm not blind to that.

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Speaker 1: But if it looks like a duck, walks like a duck,

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Speaker 1: and quacks like a duck, let's call it a duck.

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Speaker 1: If we were deciding the fate of animals and migration

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Speaker 1: corridors from sage grouse to giant screaming bull elk and

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Speaker 1: Wiley World renowned mule beer, shouldn't the folks who are

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Speaker 1: experts on those animals be involved in the process. Anyone

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Speaker 1: who lives, recreates, or hopes to recreate in the State

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Speaker 1: of Wyoming needs to pay attention to this one again.

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Speaker 1: You can always call the duly elected state representatives to

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Speaker 1: let them know you care about these things, and of

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Speaker 1: course it always helps if you let them know how

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Speaker 1: much you care. And dollars spent on hotels, fishing and

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Speaker 1: hunting licenses, gas, food, and those little license plates, spoons,

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Speaker 1: cups and trinkets with your name on them that you

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Speaker 1: just can't find anywhere else then in the great state

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Speaker 1: of Wyoming. If you did not know already, Col's we

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Speaker 1: Can Review is brought to you by Steel Power Equipment.

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Speaker 1: They make all sorts of great stuff for those of

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Speaker 1: us who like to cut things like firewood, kitchen cabinets,

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Speaker 1: and even antlers off alive deer. As a general rule,

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Speaker 1: I don't recommend that last one, but drastic circumstances require

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Speaker 1: drastic measures. This past November six, a couple of Michiganders

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Speaker 1: and bound township which is real close to a Grand Rapids, Michigan,

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Speaker 1: which is kind of off on the lower. Lookers left

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Speaker 1: of the Minten State noticed a couple of eight point bucks,

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Speaker 1: what we would call four by four bucks here in Montana,

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Speaker 1: locked up in a duel. The sparring Bucks had literally

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Speaker 1: mashed their antlers together in such a way that they

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Speaker 1: became completely locked together. The Michigan men approached the deer,

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Speaker 1: who by this time had worked themselves into a creek,

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Speaker 1: and we're approaching dire consequences. Fast work, quick thinking, and

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Speaker 1: handy tools seemed to have saved the lives of these

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Speaker 1: two deer. The men in question employed a tree limb

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Speaker 1: saw which I'm not sure on this but appears to

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Speaker 1: be a steel pole pruner. Could have been an HT

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Speaker 1: one oh three, maybe even an HT one thirty two.

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Speaker 1: It's hard to say for sure. What we do know

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Speaker 1: is that features like the semi automatic choke lever one

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Speaker 1: touch stop, no slip grip clamp in one quarter inch

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Speaker 1: Steve Opikuo micro three saw chain make for a fast

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Speaker 1: and convenient tool that delivers clean cuts even on antlers

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Speaker 1: still attached to thrashing deer. The other fact that comes

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Speaker 1: as no surprise is all the men involved, Mark Johnson,

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Speaker 1: Brad Lyons, and Randy Wilcox are hunters. Now, if you're

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Speaker 1: one of those people thinking wow, two big eight point bucks,

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Speaker 1: I wonder what their poop looks like. To be more specific,

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Speaker 1: you might wonder if a person can tell the difference

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Speaker 1: between their poop and that of a mature dough. If so,

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Speaker 1: you're not alone. Turns out a lot of people have

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Speaker 1: pondered this question. Meat Eater's own Spencer new Hearth gives

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Speaker 1: a definitive answer to this and many other burning conundrums

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Speaker 1: at the meat eater dot COM's fact checker. Everyone knows

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Speaker 1: that scattered piles of pellet shaped scat are from does

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Speaker 1: and large piles of soft scat are produced by bucks.

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Speaker 1: Right wrong. In fact, you don't know crap. Pellet shape, density,

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Speaker 1: and configuration have nothing to do with the sex of

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Speaker 1: the author, just the diet. This of worse flies in

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Speaker 1: the face of years of knowledge handed down from grandfathers

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Speaker 1: and uncles to kids. Find out more at the meat

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Speaker 1: eater dot com Full disclosure on this one. I have

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Speaker 1: often remarked about the size of the ball in front

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Speaker 1: of us to a fellow hunter based upon the fee,

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Speaker 1: seas and the trail. Turns out I wasn't just seeing

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Speaker 1: the bull crap. I was full of it too. Moving

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Speaker 1: on to the Lost and Found desk, if you've been

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Speaker 1: wondering where the silver backed chevrotaine had gone, you can

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Speaker 1: rest easy turns out they were and are in the

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Speaker 1: same place you last saw them, the region spanning Vietnam

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Speaker 1: and Laos called the Greater Anamites. The last official recognized

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Speaker 1: specimen of a silver back chevrotaine was presented to a

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Speaker 1: joint Vietnamese Russian expedition by a local hunter in nine

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Speaker 1: Prior to that, researchers obtained four of the commonly called

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Speaker 1: Vietnamese mouse dear in, which is quite the gap. The

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Speaker 1: chevrotaine is the world's smallest undulate, about the size of

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Speaker 1: a large rabbit. The biggest tops out at about seventeen pounds.

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Speaker 1: For compare US and the smallest deer in the US

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Speaker 1: is the key deer, and they weigh about seventy pounds

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Speaker 1: at their largest. Interestingly enough, if you're looking for the

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Speaker 1: world's smallest deer and not just the world's smallest ungulate,

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Speaker 1: you'll have to go to South America, not Vietnam, where

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Speaker 1: you'll find the southern poodu. The southern poodo stands fourteen

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Speaker 1: inches tall and max is out around thirteen pounds. But

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Speaker 1: we aren't talking about poodo. We're talking about silver back chevrotaines.

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Speaker 1: Getting back on track, the Vietnamese mouse deer, as they've

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Speaker 1: been called, have been lost from science for nearly thirty years.

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Speaker 1: In addition to being highly elusive and small and stature,

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Speaker 1: the chevrotaine has fangs or tusks instead of antlers, and

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Speaker 1: they're not unique in that way. Quite a few deer

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Speaker 1: across the world match that description, if you ask the

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Speaker 1: University of Montana professor and writer of the book Animal Weapons,

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Speaker 1: Doug Emlyn. All deer started out with fangs or tuss

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Speaker 1: including the deer we know here in the US. Those

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Speaker 1: black patches on the chin of the white tail would

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Speaker 1: have made an ideal background to show off a pearly

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Speaker 1: white tusk to a friendly fee mail or an intrusive mail.

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Speaker 1: Just the other day, our own senior editor, Brodie Henderson

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Speaker 1: was cleaning mule deer skulls and found on one skull

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Speaker 1: a set of teeth that looks strange today. Back about

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Speaker 1: twelve thousand years ago or so, would have beenned commonplace.

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Speaker 1: But while mule deer and white tail traded those long

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Speaker 1: teeth for antlers, somewhere along the way, the must deer,

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Speaker 1: Chinese water deer, munk jack, and the silver flank chev

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Speaker 1: rottine did not recently, researchers gathered photographic evidence of live

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Speaker 1: chev routines by using camera traps. The wildlife conservation community

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Speaker 1: is really excited and currently trying to figure out how

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Speaker 1: to make sure these reclusive deer stick around for the

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Speaker 1: long term. What they have against them is nothing new,

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Speaker 1: habitat loss and unrestricted subsistence and market hunting. But hope

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Speaker 1: isn't lost for these deer. They inhabit the Animite Range,

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Speaker 1: a place where a number of the earth's rare animals

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Speaker 1: have managed to hang on. The region is home to

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Speaker 1: the Indo Chinese tiger, of which only twenty may remain

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Speaker 1: in Vietnam, the critically endangered panguling, that scaly and eater

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Speaker 1: looking creature that is poached to supply all sorts of

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Speaker 1: traditional medicine for everything from hangovers to lazy libidos. And

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Speaker 1: the car g a you are, which is the largest

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Speaker 1: of the wild cattle, sometimes hitting ten feet in length,

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Speaker 1: seven foot and height and over three thousand pounds in weight. Hopefully,

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Speaker 1: if something as big as the car can hold on

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Speaker 1: in the ammonites, the diminutive Vietnamese mouse dear can too,

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Speaker 1: switching continents and moving on to tolta Pec, which is

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Speaker 1: north the Mexico City, Mexico. So far, remains from fourteen

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Speaker 1: different wooly mammoths have been found in two pits that

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Speaker 1: appear to be purpose built traps. This is a big

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Speaker 1: deal because it was previously thought that early humans would

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Speaker 1: only hunt wooly mammoths that were sick or incapacitated in

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Speaker 1: some way, or maybe even the only mammoth meat early

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Speaker 1: man obtained was by scavenging the carcasses of mammoth's. This

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Speaker 1: discovery suggests that health mammoths were hunted by organized early

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Speaker 1: hunters who herded them, in this case into two traps

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Speaker 1: five and a half foot deep and eighty two ft long.

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Speaker 1: Mammoths must not have much of a vertical. During the

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Speaker 1: excavation of what was originally planned to be a garbage

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Speaker 1: dump in tolta Peck, eight hundred and twenty four mammoth

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Speaker 1: bones were discovered, including a hundred and seventy nine rib bones,

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Speaker 1: five jaws, a hundred vertebra, and eight skulls, with a

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Speaker 1: bit of by catch thrown in in the form of

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Speaker 1: an unlucky camel and a horse. You would think if

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Speaker 1: your target were mammoth, you would throw that small stuff

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Speaker 1: back anyway. As you might expect, a new, exciting, potentially

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Speaker 1: game changing discovery like this involves lots of guesswork when

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Speaker 1: it comes to interpreting the stories told by these old bones.

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Speaker 1: For instance, there are only right shoulder blades present, no

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Speaker 1: left ones. The skulls were found upside down, not right

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Speaker 1: side up, and one mammoth shoulder that was found in

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Speaker 1: what was determined to be, of course a ritualistic position

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Speaker 1: showed a healed acture. The upside down skulls had to

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Speaker 1: take some effort to turn over, so the hunters must

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Speaker 1: have been after the tongues. The missing scapulas, well, we

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Speaker 1: aren't sure, but it has got to have a deeper meaning.

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Speaker 1: The healed shoulder bone, well, that was an old, wily

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Speaker 1: mammoth that had been hunted and wounded before, and they

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Speaker 1: paid that an animal particular respect by placing the bones

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Speaker 1: in a manner according with their post hunt trophy rituals.

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Speaker 1: You know, sure that all could very well be the case.

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Speaker 1: It certainly is really neat if that's all true. There

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Speaker 1: are several sites in North America and Europe that, like

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Speaker 1: this one, show evidence of humans butchering mammoths. But this

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Speaker 1: site alone suggests that early humans from fifteen thousand years

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Speaker 1: ago organized to hunt the eleven foot tall, eight ton mammals.

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Speaker 1: Even if you forget the fact that humans have progressively

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Speaker 1: gotten larger since this time, and not always in good ways,

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Speaker 1: if you look at obesity rates here in America, I

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Speaker 1: would agree that the evidence represented here in Mexico is

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Speaker 1: incredible and exciting as it shows a mam undertaking by

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Speaker 1: early human hunters, and it's something to be talking about.

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Speaker 1: I'll probably wait for some more stuff to come out

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Speaker 1: of the ground before I subscribe to the ritual theories

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Speaker 1: of broken or missing scapulas. Sometimes you just drop stuff

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Speaker 1: and leave it when you have a lot of butchering

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Speaker 1: work to do. But fortunately, whether a bone has just

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Speaker 1: dropped or placed ritualistically, it's still really interesting when they're

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Speaker 1: this old and just found. And admittedly, and I think fortunately,

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Speaker 1: I have been butchering an animal and come across old

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Speaker 1: scars on its hides, sometimes on its bones other times

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Speaker 1: and have come up with some pretty good theories too.

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Speaker 1: Now we're going to Scotland and only five thousand years

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Speaker 1: back to talk about the hunting of whales. Another mammoth mammal.

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Speaker 1: A new DNA analysis has revealed the origin of an

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Speaker 1: ancient whale vertebra excavated an Iron Age Scottish site in

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Speaker 1: the Orkney Islands to be that of a fin whale.

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Speaker 1: The fin whale is the second largest whale on Earth,

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Speaker 1: behind the blue whale. It can swim up to twenty

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Speaker 1: eight miles brow and grow to more than eighty five

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Speaker 1: feet in length. So does the presence of a fin

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Speaker 1: whale bone indicate that these old Scots were hunting whales?

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Speaker 1: Probably not. Is just one bone, but there are a

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Speaker 1: lot of other big sea mammal bones here as well.

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Speaker 1: DNA analysis confirms bones for humpback whales, sperm whales, and

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Speaker 1: mink whales, all smaller than a fin whale, but still

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Speaker 1: a whale. A large presence of bones, but we still

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Speaker 1: don't know if they were scavenged or hunted. But if

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Speaker 1: you take a look at rock art in South Korea,

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Speaker 1: it appears humans were hunting, not just scavenging whales about

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Speaker 1: nine thousand years ago, and people's in many other places

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Speaker 1: some still known for whaling were actively hunting four thousand

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Speaker 1: years ago. But the fin whale, due primarily to its

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Speaker 1: size wasn't hunted with gusto until the mid nineteenth century,

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Speaker 1: when technological advances like the explosive harpoon came around. So again,

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Speaker 1: does the presence of a fin whale bone indicate that

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Speaker 1: iron age Orkney Island Scots hunted them. We don't know,

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Speaker 1: but I wouldn't say it was out of the question.

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Speaker 1: I imagine the first ancient sperm whale hunter or the

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Speaker 1: first mammoth hunter. That positive thinking and likely hungry hunter

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Speaker 1: who first suggested that killing an eight ton eleven foot

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Speaker 1: tall hairy elephant with giant tuss or an eight foot

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Speaker 1: long sea creature to all of their four and a

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Speaker 1: half foot to five foot tall friends was even possible

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Speaker 1: probably didn't get taken too seriously by those folks, but

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Speaker 1: I bet they showed up to the barbecue after that

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Speaker 1: hunter proved them wrong. That's all I've got for you

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Speaker 1: this week. Thanks for listening and has always be sure

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Speaker 1: to let me know how I'm doing by leaving me

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Speaker 1: a review and hitting that for this right hand start

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Speaker 1: get ahold of me at ask cal at the meat

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Speaker 1: eater dot com. That's a s k C A L

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Speaker 1: at the meat eater dot com and tell your friends

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Speaker 1: to listen to Cal's weekend review. Talk to you next week.