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Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera.

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Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you welcome to stuff Mom Never told you?

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Speaker 1: From house stuff Works dot Com. Hello, and welcome to

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Speaker 1: the podcast. I'm Kristen and I'm Caroline, and today we're

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Speaker 1: talking about body dysmorphic disorder, which I feel like if

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Speaker 1: we had done this podcast even maybe five years ago,

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Speaker 1: the term would probably be alien to most people. But

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Speaker 1: it seems like this is becoming more more acknowledged a disorder,

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Speaker 1: mental disorder. And what specifically are we talking about when

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Speaker 1: we talk about body dysmorphic disorder. Basically, it's being it's

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Speaker 1: taking that body and security that pretty much everybody has,

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Speaker 1: that magnifying it. It's actually a chronic mental illness in

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Speaker 1: which you can't stop thinking about your parance, whether that

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Speaker 1: flaw is real or imagined. Yeah, and this is classified

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Speaker 1: as a somatiform disorder, which means that these symptoms suggests

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Speaker 1: a medical condition, but no specific medical condition can be

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Speaker 1: found by a physician. And it's also known as dysmorphophobia

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Speaker 1: or fear of having a deformity. And you might think like, oh,

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Speaker 1: body and security, okay, Well, I mean this must just

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Speaker 1: be a twenty one century problem. We're looking at too

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Speaker 1: many magazines. But actually that term the dys morphophobia, dates

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Speaker 1: back to eighteen eighty six, and it wasn't until that

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Speaker 1: the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders changed the

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Speaker 1: official term to body dysmorphic disorder, and there have been

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Speaker 1: cases charted for the past century and also around the world. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: what's interesting about this condition is that it resembles so

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Speaker 1: many other conditions, and in parts of it, it resembles

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Speaker 1: O c D because you have this obsessive worry about

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Speaker 1: a body part or you know, maybe your weight. Uh,

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Speaker 1: constant grooming, maybe you're picking at pimples on your face,

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Speaker 1: you're constantly fixing your hair. Also resembles eating disorders if

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Speaker 1: you're thinking that you're significantly overweight when you're not. It

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Speaker 1: also has aspects of social anxiety disorders because you end

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Speaker 1: up isolating yourself. You're thinking, oh, I'm so ugly because

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Speaker 1: of X y Z, so you don't even want to

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Speaker 1: go out in public. Yeah, and to to understand that

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Speaker 1: line between um A general insecurity and this actual disorder,

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Speaker 1: going back to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, they define

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Speaker 1: it as being extremely preoccupied with an imagine defect or

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Speaker 1: minor flaw in your appearance, and also being so preoccupied

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Speaker 1: with appearance that it causes you significant distress or problems

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Speaker 1: in your social work, school, or other areas of functioning.

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Speaker 1: I mean, there are literally people who will not leave

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Speaker 1: their homes because they believe it they're so hideous to

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Speaker 1: a delusional extent, which Harvard research has found that in

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Speaker 1: about half the cases of b d D, the concern

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Speaker 1: reaches these delusional proportions because there's that point in your

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Speaker 1: head where you know, say you you know, you don't

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Speaker 1: like your you have some acne and you feel like

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Speaker 1: it's it's like magnified in your brain, but you know

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Speaker 1: that it's just acne. But with these delusional cases of

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Speaker 1: b d D, it's just hideous and you are grotesque.

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Speaker 1: You're a monster. Yeah. And some of the things we read,

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Speaker 1: they they talked about it in reference to like intorexia,

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Speaker 1: for instance, where it's one thing if you think like,

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Speaker 1: well I could stand to lose a few pounds or whatever,

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Speaker 1: but you know, I know I'm generally okay. You know,

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Speaker 1: there's that view that you are honestly like hideous and deformed, right,

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Speaker 1: you end up being very underweight, and you look in

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Speaker 1: the mirror and you still see a large frame. Right. Well,

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Speaker 1: Katherine Phillips over at Harvard, who has done a lot

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Speaker 1: of research on b d D, says that many of

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Speaker 1: these people try to get cosmetic surgery to fix these

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Speaker 1: perceived flaws but end up never being satisfied. And I mean, like,

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Speaker 1: how many celebrities have we seen who you know may

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Speaker 1: or may not have this condition, but who just keep

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Speaker 1: going on and on with the plastic surgery. Yeah. Um,

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Speaker 1: and speaking of people, Uh, the their estimates that this

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Speaker 1: effects between three and six million Americans. That's coming from

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Speaker 1: b d D expert Dr Serry Shepherd, and then um

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Speaker 1: Katherine Phillips uh similarly says that it probably affects between

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Speaker 1: one and two percent of the American population, but that

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Speaker 1: number might actually be higher because a lot of these

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Speaker 1: a lot of times just this disorder is shrouded in

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Speaker 1: a lot of secrecy. Yeah, the rate, the estimated rate

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Speaker 1: in the general populations about two percent, but they think

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Speaker 1: that that is up to about fifteen percent of patients

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Speaker 1: in dermatology D and cosmetic surgery clinics because they're actually

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Speaker 1: seeking to fix whatever problem it is UM a random survey.

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Speaker 1: This was from April two eight and CNS spectrums, a

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Speaker 1: random survey found that the estimated prevalence of b d

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Speaker 1: D was about two point four percent, so right along

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Speaker 1: that same line, and it actually exceeds the prevalence of

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Speaker 1: schizophrenia and bipolar disorder type one. It's about equal to

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Speaker 1: that of generalized anxiety disorder. And a lot of times,

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Speaker 1: like you mentioned, UM, it will happen alongside something like

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Speaker 1: an eating disorder. For instance, among anorexia patients around thirty

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Speaker 1: will also be found to have b d D. It's

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Speaker 1: closely associated with O c D behaviors as well. The

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Speaker 1: O c D Center of Los Angeles UM conducted a

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Speaker 1: study and found that of b d D suffers also

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Speaker 1: had O c D UM and they also a lot

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Speaker 1: of times will exhibit an O c D cycle that

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Speaker 1: reinforces this negative behavior. In an attempt to combat it.

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Speaker 1: For instance, UH people with b d D might compulsively

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Speaker 1: check themselves in the mirrors to to feel okay, try

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Speaker 1: to diminish their anxiety about their appearances. But that compulsive

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Speaker 1: behavior of staring yourself in the mirror for extended amounts

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Speaker 1: of time actually reinforces the disorder. Um, But what about

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Speaker 1: some more specific symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder, Because I

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Speaker 1: think a lot of times, at least in my mind,

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Speaker 1: when I first heard about it, I assumed that it

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Speaker 1: was just a weight thing. Um. But actually, according to

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Speaker 1: the US Psychiatric and Mental Health Congress, sixty percent of

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Speaker 1: b D D stuffeners agonized over their noses. Sixty um

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Speaker 1: will stress out over acne and scarring marks on skincent

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Speaker 1: will agonize over the color of their skin, and a

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Speaker 1: lot of times, most commonly that the skin hair knows

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Speaker 1: and specific body parts that will will cause the distress. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: when I was in middle school, I have a very

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Speaker 1: pointy nose. For those of you out there, it is

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Speaker 1: a cute nose. But when I was in middle school,

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Speaker 1: I just hated it, hated it, hated. It was so

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Speaker 1: self conscious and if I if I liked a boy,

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Speaker 1: I wouldn't sit so that my profile was like directly

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Speaker 1: facing him. I would sort of try to sit kind

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Speaker 1: of diagonally or or head on because I was like,

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Speaker 1: oh God, don't look at me from the side. That's

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Speaker 1: the worst. That's the nose angle. No, Well, you do

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Speaker 1: have a very cute nose. Um. So what about the demographics,

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Speaker 1: because this was another surprise with this research. Um, I

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Speaker 1: think again there might be an assumption of oh, body

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Speaker 1: and security, especially for talking about the media influence. This

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Speaker 1: must be something that mostly happens to women, right, It's

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Speaker 1: actually pretty even. Yep. This effects men and women very

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Speaker 1: similarly different they're they're worried about different things, but the

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Speaker 1: same amount. Pretty much, are are pretty worried. This is

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Speaker 1: from the Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease from September.

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Speaker 1: Women are more likely to be preoccupied with their hips

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Speaker 1: and weight, picked their skin and camouflage, flaws with makeup,

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Speaker 1: and have comormid coat morbid bulimia, whereas men are more

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Speaker 1: preoccupied with bodybuild, genitals and hair thinning. They tend to

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Speaker 1: use hats for camouflage. They actually tend to be unmarried

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Speaker 1: also and have alcohol abuse or dependence. Yeah, speaking of that,

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Speaker 1: the gender difference with hair, specifically, with men, they're scared

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Speaker 1: they have too little, with women they're scared that they

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Speaker 1: have too much. And um, sort of in support of

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Speaker 1: this gender equality, this is not the kind of equality

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Speaker 1: that we really advocate for, but in terms of the

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Speaker 1: parody with b D d UM. There was a two

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Speaker 1: thousand one study in the British Medical Journal that cided

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Speaker 1: research findings that the proportion of men dissatisfied what their

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Speaker 1: overall appearance has tripled in the past twenty five years,

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Speaker 1: and this is something that the media started paying more

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Speaker 1: attention to. UM. There have been there's been more research

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Speaker 1: into this, more insight and seeing how the cultural beauty

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Speaker 1: myth that has for a long time kept women very

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Speaker 1: insecure about their appearance and kind of you know, the

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Speaker 1: dictates of telling us what we should wear and how

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Speaker 1: we should look it is affecting men is so much

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Speaker 1: more as well these days exactly. Well, another study, this

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Speaker 1: is again Catherine Phillips, who she has done so much research,

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Speaker 1: this is from two thousand and six, supports that there

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Speaker 1: are a lot of similarities between men and women with

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Speaker 1: this condition. UM. Women, however, are we were more excessive

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Speaker 1: with the things that we are insecure about because if

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Speaker 1: you go down the list of things that Katherine Phillips

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Speaker 1: points out, you know, like there are a couple of

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Speaker 1: points with men, but then women it's like, yeah, we're

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Speaker 1: obsessed about everything from our skin literally down to our toes.

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Speaker 1: We also she found tend to have earlier onset of

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Speaker 1: the subclinical BDD symptoms, so things that we touched on earlier,

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Speaker 1: like anxiety or depression more so than men. Yeah, and um,

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Speaker 1: there's a subset of body dysmorphic disorder that tends to

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Speaker 1: affect men more commonly than women. And it's something called

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Speaker 1: muscle dysmorphia. And this is coming from Jennifer Waldron from

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Speaker 1: the University of North Iowa. She said it typically occurs

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Speaker 1: in boys and men who have a well defined muscular

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Speaker 1: build and it's a combination of biological, psychological, and social

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Speaker 1: factors and uh. In short, muscle dysmorphia is an obsession

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Speaker 1: over a muscular built where when you look in the mirror,

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Speaker 1: even if you've been pumping iron, you might even be

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Speaker 1: using steroids. There's a heightened risk of steroid use with

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Speaker 1: muscle dysmorphia. You still see a puny frame. Yeah. This

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Speaker 1: is and Red, which is an Xia nervosa and related

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Speaker 1: eating disorders, says that these people really do see themselves

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Speaker 1: as small and there could be something wrong with the

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Speaker 1: brain's ability to map actual physical boundaries, and so they

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Speaker 1: end up spending a lot of time just thinking I'm undersized.

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Speaker 1: If I skip a day of exercise, you know, I'm

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Speaker 1: gonna not be healthy or big or built anymore. So

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Speaker 1: they tend to start neglecting family and friends over exercise.

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Speaker 1: Even if they're sick, they don't take a day off.

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Speaker 1: They just want to keep getting bigger. Yeah, and it's

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Speaker 1: it's like the sort of the masculine version of the

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Speaker 1: cultural body standards that have been, uh, you know, dictated

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Speaker 1: toward women. You know, women are supposed to be, you know,

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Speaker 1: have the slight delicate in frames, whereas you know, men

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Speaker 1: are taught to be these like hairless, like triangular backed

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Speaker 1: muscle machines. Right. Well this uh. In the American Journal

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Speaker 1: of Men's Health from December two thousand seven, they point

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Speaker 1: out that gay men are actually more likely to experience

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Speaker 1: something a lot of body pressures along the same lines

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Speaker 1: that women are, and they are more likely to want

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Speaker 1: to be thin and pursue that thinness at a greater risk.

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Speaker 1: So they are more likely to have eating disorders as

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Speaker 1: opposed to the muscle dysmorphia. That more it's more affecting

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Speaker 1: straight men. Now you did mention though, Caroline, with the

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Speaker 1: the and red finding, they're saying that you know, there

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Speaker 1: could be something in terms of the muscle dysmorphia, There

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Speaker 1: could be something wrong with patient's brains abilities to map boundaries.

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Speaker 1: And as researchers are trying to figure out what is

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Speaker 1: going on with body dysmorphic disorder, they are looking to

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Speaker 1: see whether there are brain structural differences between the general

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Speaker 1: population and these b d D patients, and they think

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Speaker 1: that it might have something to do with the left

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Speaker 1: side of our brain that's more analytical and the right

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Speaker 1: side of our brain that is more um general. It's

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Speaker 1: the organizational versus the executive functioning in the brain, and

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Speaker 1: some research has suggested that when someone with bi dysmorphic

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Speaker 1: disorder looks in the mirror, that left analytical side of

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Speaker 1: the brain kicks into high gear and focuses in on

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Speaker 1: details and doesn't see the entire picture, whereas the in

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Speaker 1: the healthy population there's more of a brain balance between

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Speaker 1: the organizational and the executive seeing the details but also

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Speaker 1: seeing seeing the full picture as well. Yeah, that's interesting.

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Speaker 1: I I had never heard anything like that. And it

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Speaker 1: wasn't just with their own pictures, it was with pictures

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Speaker 1: of other people. So they just zeroed in on the negative.

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Speaker 1: The big pores the acne scars, whereas somebody else might

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Speaker 1: just look at you and be like, wow, that person

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Speaker 1: is really pretty. And there are also the psychological risk

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Speaker 1: factors that we should mention as well. UM. Childhood trauma

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Speaker 1: and abuse is something that's been linked strongly to its

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Speaker 1: self esteem issues is something that comes up a lot

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Speaker 1: with bullying. I think you mentioned bullying UM earlier. UH.

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Speaker 1: And they've also found that in terms of treatment that

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Speaker 1: s s r I selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors UM the

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Speaker 1: form of antidepressants have been helpful. So they wonder if

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Speaker 1: there's something too in the brain chemistry and how our

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Speaker 1: neurons communicate to each other that might UM interfere with

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Speaker 1: how they see and interpret their bodies in the mirror.

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Speaker 1: And we've touched on conditions that can kind of be

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Speaker 1: related to this, UH, depression, anxiety, they're definitely UH, suicidal

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Speaker 1: thoughts and behaviors. They get tied in with b d

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Speaker 1: D because you know, these people are so concerned about

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Speaker 1: something that other people might think is relatively minor, but

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Speaker 1: they end up blowing it up in their minds, and

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Speaker 1: so it can also get tied in with eating disorders,

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Speaker 1: social isolation, et cetera. In a December two thousand four

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Speaker 1: study in the American Journal of Psychiatry did find a

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Speaker 1: link to depression in women. In particular, they had a

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Speaker 1: sample of women ages thirty six to forty four and

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Speaker 1: found that the presence of b d D was significantly

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Speaker 1: associated with the presence of major depression and anxiety disorders. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and Catherine Phillips and other b d D experts will

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Speaker 1: urge people who are exhibiting the symptoms of b d

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Speaker 1: embarrassments that that psychological anxiety is weighing down on you,

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Speaker 1: they say, go see a doctor. You know, it might

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Speaker 1: be easy. One of the biggest myths about b d

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Speaker 1: D is that it's just uh, you know, overblown vanity

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Speaker 1: and it's just a symptom of our times and you know,

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Speaker 1: over media saturation. But they're saying no, actually, like this

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Speaker 1: is a very real disorder that does not get better

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Speaker 1: a lot of times on its own um and if untreated,

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Speaker 1: it could get worse over time, and like you said,

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Speaker 1: lead to suicidal thoughts and behavior, right, and it really

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Speaker 1: affects everything. It's not just like, oh my gosh, I

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Speaker 1: hate hair. UM. A Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease

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Speaker 1: study from two thousand found that outpatients actually had a

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Speaker 1: worse quality of life overall. They found that physical health

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Speaker 1: related quality of life scores were generally worse than the

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Speaker 1: US population norms, although they were better than those for

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Speaker 1: outpatients with actual medical illness or depression. But they found

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Speaker 1: that in general, across all mental health domains, b d

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Speaker 1: D subject scores were worse than the norm and they

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Speaker 1: had more symptoms and greater delusionality. But on the upside,

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Speaker 1: there are treatments for it. I mean, there isn't a

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Speaker 1: pill that you can pop and it's going to magically

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Speaker 1: go away. A lot of times we mentioned the S

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Speaker 1: s R I antidepress instead have been helpful, especially if

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Speaker 1: you have the comorbid anxiety depression o c D issues

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Speaker 1: going on as well. UM and a lot of cognitive therapy.

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Speaker 1: It's a lot about changing how you process UM. You know,

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Speaker 1: your your your self esteem and how your your confidence,

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Speaker 1: how you feel about yourself. And obviously it's it's a

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Speaker 1: it's a combination of, Yes, these mental exercises and also

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Speaker 1: it seems like very real brain chemistry issues that should

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Speaker 1: be UM that could use adjustment as well. And in addition,

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Speaker 1: there are certain wellness behaviors that Dr Sarah Shepard, who

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Speaker 1: was one of the experts that we've referenced UM said

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Speaker 1: have been helpful, such as teaching patients just healthy eating practices.

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Speaker 1: Exercising yoga in particular has been found to be helpful

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Speaker 1: and positive. Socialization the thing that you, um you've mentioned

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Speaker 1: about like actually getting patients out there and sort of

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Speaker 1: reintroducing them into social situations and reinforcing that idea that hey,

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Speaker 1: you're not you are not a hideous monster. You are

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Speaker 1: you know, you are a person worthy of love. And

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Speaker 1: also that this is something worth treating, Like there's no

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Speaker 1: reason that you should have to live of with this

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Speaker 1: pain and pressure that you're putting on yourself. You know

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Speaker 1: that you just think that that you're terrible to look at,

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Speaker 1: or that your thighs are humongous, or your nose is

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Speaker 1: out of whack, like you you should go seek help

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Speaker 1: for this so that you can, you know, get back

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Speaker 1: to having a normal, happy life. And there are a

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Speaker 1: couple of resources I want to throw out there. UM.

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Speaker 1: The Broken Mirror by Dr Catherine Phillips is a book

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Speaker 1: that's often referenced. It's one of it was one of

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Speaker 1: the first big books on b d D. And then

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Speaker 1: online you can go to b d D Central dot

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Speaker 1: com as well to find more resources out there. So

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Speaker 1: I hope that this has been helpful and enlightening biasmorphic disorder.

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Speaker 1: It's not something to just brush aside. It's a very

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Speaker 1: real mental disorder. But there is help out there. So

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Speaker 1: that's all we've got. If you have any um stories

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Speaker 1: or questions about b d D, feel free to send

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Speaker 1: us an email. Mom Stuff at Discovery Comments where you

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Speaker 1: can send it, and you can always find us on

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Speaker 1: Facebook as well. And we have a couple of emails

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Speaker 1: to share in the meantime. Well. The first one I

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Speaker 1: have here is from Gin and this is in response

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Speaker 1: to our Summer Shorts episode on swimsuits. And she is

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Speaker 1: a student at North Carolina State University College of Textiles

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Speaker 1: pursuing a bs in Textile Technology with a concentration in

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Speaker 1: technical textiles. And she was really excited to hear this

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Speaker 1: podcast because we talked about Olympic swimsuits and it is

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Speaker 1: right up her alley. She writes, it doesn't surprise me

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Speaker 1: one bit the cost of the Olympic suits. In the

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Speaker 1: world of technical textiles, oftentimes every angle between individual fibers

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Speaker 1: is precisely engineered to serve a specific purpose. In addition

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Speaker 1: to the shape and chemical makeup of the fiber, the

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Speaker 1: way the yarn is twisted, the type of weaving or

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Speaker 1: knitting used, and the construction of the final product. This

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Speaker 1: year's suits focus primarily on shaping the body through the

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Speaker 1: use of compression to literally force the body into the

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Speaker 1: most hydrodynamic shape possible. An added bonus to this is

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Speaker 1: that compression increases muscle performance, which is a feature you

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Speaker 1: see in a lot of high performance sports apparel. The

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Speaker 1: suit is also extremely hydrophobic as to not pick up

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Speaker 1: extra weight which would slow down the swimmer, and this

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Speaker 1: feature is actually what got last Olympic suits banned. A

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Speaker 1: full body suit of completely hydrophobic fabric lifts the swimmer

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Speaker 1: up too high in the water, where the air provides

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Speaker 1: less drag. The suits also don't feature traditional sown seams,

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Speaker 1: which are bumpy and can create drags. Instead, the fabric

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Speaker 1: is ultrasonically seamed together, which involves using ultrasonic pulses to

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Speaker 1: melt the fibers together. I would assume there is a

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Speaker 1: minimal amount of steaming at all three D knitting technology.

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Speaker 1: What three D knit knitting technology allows us to knit

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Speaker 1: a complete garment straight out of the loom. Considering all

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Speaker 1: the research that went into these five hundred dollars for

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Speaker 1: a swimsuit, it seems like a steal. That is fascinating. Well, yeah, sure,

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Speaker 1: when you put it that way, the bargain ultrasonic pulses

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Speaker 1: to melt the fibrous together. Gin thank you so much

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Speaker 1: for that insight into Olympic swimware. Imagine what they could

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Speaker 1: do for pantylines they be gone. Here's an email from

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Speaker 1: Whitney that is actually kind of scary and funny all

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Speaker 1: at the same time. It's about baby fever. Right, this

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Speaker 1: is about baby fever, she says. Now, I'm no scientist

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Speaker 1: and have definitely not conducted any studies pertaining to the subject,

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Speaker 1: but based on personal experience, I will swear to anyone

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Speaker 1: that the baby fever is extremely contagious. I was working

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Speaker 1: in a small department consisting of myself, three other women,

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Speaker 1: and two men, all working together for eight hours a day,

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Speaker 1: five days a week. I was the first one of

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Speaker 1: our group to get pregnant, but it was not planned.

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Speaker 1: The best accident of my life, of course, but an

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Speaker 1: accident nonetheless. As we shared so much of our lives together,

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Speaker 1: my coworkers actively participated in my pregnancy and all the

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Speaker 1: crazy emotions that entailed. Nine months later, my beautiful girl,

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Speaker 1: Orianna Muse came into the world. About a month after that,

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Speaker 1: one female coworker ecstatically announced the upcoming arrival of one

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Speaker 1: of her own little bundles of joy, who happened to

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Speaker 1: be born exactly nine months after my daughter was born.

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Speaker 1: A few months after her announcement, another female coworker had

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Speaker 1: the same joyful news to announce to the group. Further,

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Speaker 1: the fourth and final female coworker declared her pregnancy soon

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Speaker 1: after that. Of course, our supervisor was putting quite the

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Speaker 1: predicament when two thirds of our department department required six

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Speaker 1: plus weeks of maternity leave. The craziest part of the

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Speaker 1: story is that all four of us had a little

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Speaker 1: baby girls. So she says that the moral of my

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Speaker 1: story is to stay away from pregnant ladies if you

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Speaker 1: don't want a baby anytime soon. The fever is contagious

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Speaker 1: and spreads rapidly. Feva baby fever, so thanks to everyone

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Speaker 1: who's written in Mom's Stuff at Discovery dot com again

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Speaker 1: is where you can send your letters, or you can

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Speaker 1: also find us on Facebook. Like us while you're at it,

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00:23:03,359 --> 00:23:06,600
Speaker 1: follow us on Twitter one not at Mom's Stuff podcast,

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Speaker 1: and you can check out our new Tumbler blog. It's

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Speaker 1: fantastic and fun and we just delight. You can find

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Speaker 1: it at stuff Mom Never Told You dot tumbler dot com.

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Speaker 1: And if you would like to learn more about bidysmorphic disorder,

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Speaker 1: you can read how Body dysmorphic Disorder works at how

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Speaker 1: stuff works dot com for more on this and thousands

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Speaker 1: of other topics. Because it how stuff works dot com

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