1 00:00:00,240 --> 00:00:27,360 Speaker 1: Ridiculous History is a production of I Heart Radio. Welcome 2 00:00:27,360 --> 00:00:30,560 Speaker 1: back to the show Ridiculous Historians. Thank you, as always 3 00:00:30,640 --> 00:00:36,160 Speaker 1: so much for tuning in. This is the last Ridiculous 4 00:00:36,240 --> 00:00:42,920 Speaker 1: History episode of twenty one. Mr Max Williams, Mr Noel Brown. 5 00:00:45,240 --> 00:00:52,440 Speaker 1: They called me Ben we make it? Hey did? We 6 00:00:52,520 --> 00:00:58,520 Speaker 1: didn't make it? I was worried you're gonna say this 7 00:00:58,560 --> 00:01:02,160 Speaker 1: is gonna be the last Ridiculous History episode ever, that 8 00:01:02,240 --> 00:01:04,120 Speaker 1: you are going to use this as an opportunity to 9 00:01:04,160 --> 00:01:06,319 Speaker 1: like do a rug pull on us. But I'm really 10 00:01:06,360 --> 00:01:08,000 Speaker 1: glad to know that this just just for the year. 11 00:01:08,319 --> 00:01:10,560 Speaker 1: We're gonna be back. We're gonna take a little much 12 00:01:10,600 --> 00:01:13,240 Speaker 1: needed time off. I don't think we're missing any published 13 00:01:13,280 --> 00:01:16,760 Speaker 1: dates though. Are we bad? No, No, We're We're nothing 14 00:01:16,920 --> 00:01:23,600 Speaker 1: if not consistent, also ridiculous and ridiculous, consistently ridiculous. Yes, 15 00:01:23,640 --> 00:01:26,440 Speaker 1: there we go, go team. We also have big, big 16 00:01:26,440 --> 00:01:29,759 Speaker 1: news coming out in the new year, so stay tuned. 17 00:01:29,880 --> 00:01:34,280 Speaker 1: We can't wait to tell you about these developments. Today. 18 00:01:34,760 --> 00:01:38,880 Speaker 1: We want to talk about the weather now. Max, Noel 19 00:01:38,959 --> 00:01:41,720 Speaker 1: and I are you know, we're we're gentlemen of a 20 00:01:41,800 --> 00:01:45,399 Speaker 1: certain age, and I think we're all old enough to 21 00:01:45,480 --> 00:01:48,680 Speaker 1: remember a time in our youth when the weather was 22 00:01:48,720 --> 00:01:51,400 Speaker 1: a little bit different, right, the winters were maybe a 23 00:01:51,480 --> 00:01:56,320 Speaker 1: little colder. That would probably be one of the main things, right, Yeah, 24 00:01:56,360 --> 00:02:00,280 Speaker 1: it's almost as though the climate is changing. Oh, those 25 00:02:01,040 --> 00:02:03,680 Speaker 1: shouldn't be a controversial statement, but I think we can 26 00:02:03,720 --> 00:02:06,080 Speaker 1: all just kind of observe it, you know, just literally 27 00:02:06,120 --> 00:02:11,080 Speaker 1: by walking outside. But yeah, it's true. Um, And in fact, 28 00:02:11,280 --> 00:02:14,919 Speaker 1: there was a time we obviously know about the the 29 00:02:14,960 --> 00:02:19,000 Speaker 1: proper ice Age because of those delightful animated films. That's 30 00:02:19,160 --> 00:02:22,960 Speaker 1: where I get all my news from all histories. Yeah, exactly, 31 00:02:23,400 --> 00:02:27,120 Speaker 1: but there was in fact an additional, uh somewhat more 32 00:02:27,200 --> 00:02:31,880 Speaker 1: minuscule ice age that led to some pretty significant changes 33 00:02:32,040 --> 00:02:35,320 Speaker 1: in the culture of humanity. It is affectionately referred to 34 00:02:35,480 --> 00:02:40,280 Speaker 1: as the Little Ice Age. Deceptively affectionately referred to as 35 00:02:40,320 --> 00:02:42,960 Speaker 1: the little ice Age. It makes it sound cute, see right, 36 00:02:43,040 --> 00:02:46,160 Speaker 1: it's a little diminutive. We know that the I love 37 00:02:46,200 --> 00:02:48,600 Speaker 1: that you call them the proper ice ages. Uh. The 38 00:02:48,639 --> 00:02:52,920 Speaker 1: proper ice ages began two point four million years ago, 39 00:02:53,120 --> 00:02:56,800 Speaker 1: and uh, the last one was about eleven thousand, five 40 00:02:56,919 --> 00:03:00,280 Speaker 1: hundred years ago. And even those had a ound and 41 00:03:00,360 --> 00:03:05,280 Speaker 1: lasting effect on human civilization. But what we're talking about today, 42 00:03:05,440 --> 00:03:09,359 Speaker 1: and what you introduced so beautifully is a much more 43 00:03:09,400 --> 00:03:13,320 Speaker 1: recent and smaller ice age, but one that's still had 44 00:03:13,360 --> 00:03:18,960 Speaker 1: a tremendous, almost incalculable effect on people living during that time. 45 00:03:19,080 --> 00:03:22,080 Speaker 1: And uh, the effects of that are still with us today. 46 00:03:22,320 --> 00:03:25,680 Speaker 1: Here at the very end of one And just for context, 47 00:03:25,720 --> 00:03:28,480 Speaker 1: there were in fact six ice ages. There's the original 48 00:03:28,520 --> 00:03:30,720 Speaker 1: ice Age from two thousand two. There was ice Age 49 00:03:30,720 --> 00:03:33,360 Speaker 1: that meltdown from two thousand five. Then there was the 50 00:03:34,360 --> 00:03:37,760 Speaker 1: somewhat less known smaller ice Age No Time for Nuts, 51 00:03:37,800 --> 00:03:39,640 Speaker 1: which I think was a spinoff involved in a cute 52 00:03:39,680 --> 00:03:42,320 Speaker 1: little squirrel guy. Then there was ice Age Dawn of 53 00:03:42,360 --> 00:03:44,880 Speaker 1: the Dinosaurs came out in two thousand nine. Ice Sage 54 00:03:44,920 --> 00:03:49,520 Speaker 1: Continental Drift from Tropical Punch. No, oh, I don't know 55 00:03:49,560 --> 00:03:52,400 Speaker 1: about that one. That sounds delicious. Uh, there was ice 56 00:03:52,440 --> 00:03:56,600 Speaker 1: Age Collision I think was the ultimate ice Age, but 57 00:03:56,640 --> 00:03:58,360 Speaker 1: we're not talking about any of those today. We're talking 58 00:03:58,400 --> 00:04:01,600 Speaker 1: about the Little Ice Age. Took place around the middle 59 00:04:01,760 --> 00:04:05,520 Speaker 1: of the seventeenth century, but some believe that it was 60 00:04:05,640 --> 00:04:09,520 Speaker 1: already you know, well on its way about four centuries 61 00:04:09,560 --> 00:04:13,960 Speaker 1: before that time. Yeah. Yeah, experts still aren't sure exactly 62 00:04:14,000 --> 00:04:17,520 Speaker 1: when Little Ice Age began and when it ended? Uh, 63 00:04:17,560 --> 00:04:20,800 Speaker 1: and whether or not it was just one thing or 64 00:04:20,839 --> 00:04:25,400 Speaker 1: a series of multiple smaller Ice Age like occurrences, And 65 00:04:25,440 --> 00:04:27,560 Speaker 1: I love that we're I I propose that we just 66 00:04:27,680 --> 00:04:30,560 Speaker 1: refer to it as Little Ice Age because, as we'll see, 67 00:04:30,640 --> 00:04:33,160 Speaker 1: we need the levity and Little Ice Age sounds like 68 00:04:33,200 --> 00:04:35,880 Speaker 1: it could be someone's street name, which I love. So 69 00:04:35,920 --> 00:04:38,800 Speaker 1: if you have a mixtape, send it. Yeah, Little Ice 70 00:04:38,800 --> 00:04:42,760 Speaker 1: Age definitely has some bars, no question about it. Also, 71 00:04:42,800 --> 00:04:45,359 Speaker 1: it makes me think if there's a really great MGMT 72 00:04:45,520 --> 00:04:48,960 Speaker 1: song called Little Dark Age, you haven't heard that one, 73 00:04:49,040 --> 00:04:51,200 Speaker 1: or if you slept on that era of mg MT, 74 00:04:51,400 --> 00:04:54,280 Speaker 1: it's super cool. It's a really good track. Um, but 75 00:04:54,400 --> 00:04:58,360 Speaker 1: you're right, Ben, So Yeah. Scientists do have differing opinions 76 00:04:58,440 --> 00:05:02,320 Speaker 1: as to when it began, but the farthest back that 77 00:05:02,440 --> 00:05:05,760 Speaker 1: it dates would be covering a large portion of the 78 00:05:05,800 --> 00:05:08,960 Speaker 1: Middle Ages. Um. There is a really great article on 79 00:05:09,160 --> 00:05:13,560 Speaker 1: history collection by Larry Holdsworth Ten Bizarre Things One Need 80 00:05:13,560 --> 00:05:18,640 Speaker 1: to Know about the Age. Interesting headline there. Larry. Excellent 81 00:05:18,720 --> 00:05:22,240 Speaker 1: article though, and most scientists agree that it ended at 82 00:05:22,279 --> 00:05:25,520 Speaker 1: the very least in the nineteenth century, so it would 83 00:05:25,520 --> 00:05:30,760 Speaker 1: have affected events throughout much of European history, things like 84 00:05:30,880 --> 00:05:36,520 Speaker 1: famine in France, in Poland what's known as Europe's Great Famine, 85 00:05:37,000 --> 00:05:43,120 Speaker 1: and also other changes, cultural changes and civilization level changes 86 00:05:43,120 --> 00:05:45,479 Speaker 1: that may have occurred during the medieval period as well 87 00:05:45,760 --> 00:05:49,679 Speaker 1: because of lil ice Age. Yeah yeah, so let's let's 88 00:05:49,720 --> 00:05:53,880 Speaker 1: look at the causes. So with the benefit of retrospect, 89 00:05:54,000 --> 00:05:58,039 Speaker 1: humanity is able to look back at these series of 90 00:05:58,120 --> 00:06:02,960 Speaker 1: events and determine what likely caused this and perhaps just 91 00:06:03,040 --> 00:06:06,120 Speaker 1: as importantly, what likely did not. So let's look at 92 00:06:06,120 --> 00:06:08,960 Speaker 1: the science. There was a study that came out in 93 00:06:09,320 --> 00:06:13,080 Speaker 1: uh journal Environmental Research Letters, and their argument is that 94 00:06:13,200 --> 00:06:17,960 Speaker 1: low solar activity caused these very, very nasty winters. This 95 00:06:18,040 --> 00:06:21,279 Speaker 1: is also mentioned in BBC News and a great article 96 00:06:21,400 --> 00:06:25,000 Speaker 1: in the Smithsonian mag which is Little Ice Age art 97 00:06:25,080 --> 00:06:29,640 Speaker 1: by Sarah Zelinski, and they essentially say that the jet 98 00:06:29,720 --> 00:06:34,200 Speaker 1: stream was blocked over the northeastern Atlantic in a way 99 00:06:34,200 --> 00:06:38,000 Speaker 1: that caused wind to fold back over itself and cold, 100 00:06:38,120 --> 00:06:41,560 Speaker 1: dry winds from an eastern flow over Europe, and the 101 00:06:41,720 --> 00:06:44,960 Speaker 1: jet stream was pushed further north than cold dry winds 102 00:06:45,000 --> 00:06:47,800 Speaker 1: from the east came over Europe and made a sharp 103 00:06:47,960 --> 00:06:51,040 Speaker 1: fall and temperatures and when solar activity is a little. 104 00:06:51,120 --> 00:06:55,320 Speaker 1: This exacerbates the problem. So their ideas that are prolonged 105 00:06:55,520 --> 00:06:59,760 Speaker 1: quote unquote blocking was responsible for this long, long spell 106 00:06:59,800 --> 00:07:04,359 Speaker 1: of freezing conditions. This leads us to something interesting. The 107 00:07:04,400 --> 00:07:08,600 Speaker 1: causes of the ice age are recorded in geological evidence, 108 00:07:09,160 --> 00:07:14,680 Speaker 1: glacial expansion uh and volcanic activity, which volcanic activity is huge. No. 109 00:07:14,880 --> 00:07:18,400 Speaker 1: We saw this in an episode we did for stuff 110 00:07:18,440 --> 00:07:20,960 Speaker 1: they don't want you to know on the Bronze Age collapse. Right, 111 00:07:21,000 --> 00:07:25,000 Speaker 1: the possibility that a volcano in a place that most 112 00:07:25,040 --> 00:07:27,960 Speaker 1: of these Europeans will never visit was in some way 113 00:07:28,040 --> 00:07:32,120 Speaker 1: responsible for the weather conditions that directly affected them. That's 114 00:07:32,160 --> 00:07:35,080 Speaker 1: totally right. And we have a science and environment reporter 115 00:07:35,480 --> 00:07:39,800 Speaker 1: over at the BBC News named Mark Kinver detailing a 116 00:07:39,840 --> 00:07:43,480 Speaker 1: lot of these uh kind of big picture you know, 117 00:07:43,680 --> 00:07:47,360 Speaker 1: um weather conditions that lead to some of the coldest 118 00:07:47,440 --> 00:07:52,320 Speaker 1: winters that the UK had ever seen. Yeah. Yeah, absolutely. 119 00:07:52,480 --> 00:07:56,560 Speaker 1: And this when we're talking about this cool what we 120 00:07:56,600 --> 00:08:00,360 Speaker 1: would call a cooling period, but we have obviously decided 121 00:08:00,400 --> 00:08:03,480 Speaker 1: to call a little ice age. Little ice age may 122 00:08:03,520 --> 00:08:08,000 Speaker 1: have been caused by the eruption of a volcano in Indonesia, 123 00:08:08,280 --> 00:08:12,280 Speaker 1: the Salamas volcano in twelve fifty seven. This put so 124 00:08:12,360 --> 00:08:16,960 Speaker 1: much junk into the atmosphere that it reduced the ability 125 00:08:17,040 --> 00:08:20,200 Speaker 1: of the sun to warm the planet. It's like the 126 00:08:20,200 --> 00:08:25,960 Speaker 1: worst fart ever. Yeah uh. It causes something called glacial 127 00:08:26,000 --> 00:08:29,600 Speaker 1: expansion and encroachment, which I think you can visualize what 128 00:08:29,680 --> 00:08:32,040 Speaker 1: that means. It's been you know, those damn glaciers. They're 129 00:08:32,040 --> 00:08:34,360 Speaker 1: just really encroaching on all of our They have no 130 00:08:34,520 --> 00:08:38,120 Speaker 1: chill yet are completely the chilliest thing that could possibly be. 131 00:08:38,720 --> 00:08:43,280 Speaker 1: And it's also been suggested, according to the History Collection 132 00:08:43,400 --> 00:08:48,280 Speaker 1: article we cited earlier, that this um period of reduced 133 00:08:48,280 --> 00:08:52,200 Speaker 1: solar warming caused by the eruption of the salamus uh 134 00:08:52,480 --> 00:08:57,480 Speaker 1: was directly linked to crop failures and famine in Europe. 135 00:08:58,120 --> 00:09:01,439 Speaker 1: But whether that wasn't fact the thing that triggered a 136 00:09:01,559 --> 00:09:04,720 Speaker 1: little ice age to you know, come into full effect, 137 00:09:04,880 --> 00:09:07,160 Speaker 1: is not entirely clear. Like we said, scientists are still 138 00:09:07,200 --> 00:09:09,920 Speaker 1: kind of struggling with the chronology here. Um. So let's 139 00:09:10,000 --> 00:09:13,120 Speaker 1: let's fast forward a little bit too, around the year 140 00:09:13,360 --> 00:09:26,200 Speaker 1: thirteen hundred, yeah hundred, so the disruption of the normal 141 00:09:26,280 --> 00:09:29,680 Speaker 1: passage of seasons becomes apparent to everyone. We have to 142 00:09:29,679 --> 00:09:33,640 Speaker 1: realize these were largely a grarian societies. People were very 143 00:09:33,720 --> 00:09:37,080 Speaker 1: attuned to the natural world, the cycle of harvest and 144 00:09:37,120 --> 00:09:41,319 Speaker 1: the weather. So the typical spring, summer, fall, winter cycle 145 00:09:42,000 --> 00:09:46,360 Speaker 1: goes food bar Winters are way more nasty, springs are 146 00:09:46,440 --> 00:09:50,320 Speaker 1: super dry, the rain isn't coming, and summer is no 147 00:09:50,520 --> 00:09:54,240 Speaker 1: longer as consistently warm as it had been in previous years, 148 00:09:54,240 --> 00:10:01,320 Speaker 1: in decades, Like you said, unfortunately, famine is just demolishing 149 00:10:01,400 --> 00:10:04,040 Speaker 1: the continent, and famine brings with it a bevy of 150 00:10:04,080 --> 00:10:08,920 Speaker 1: other malnutrition related diseases. Also, the plague shows up, because 151 00:10:08,960 --> 00:10:12,319 Speaker 1: who doesn't love a cameo, right, And when this happens, 152 00:10:12,760 --> 00:10:17,720 Speaker 1: people and institutions importantly like the Church, the aristocracy, they're 153 00:10:17,760 --> 00:10:20,840 Speaker 1: trying to find scapegoats for this. They're not using the 154 00:10:20,880 --> 00:10:26,079 Speaker 1: word climate change, but they are saying something must be done, 155 00:10:26,600 --> 00:10:32,439 Speaker 1: someone is responsible, and so they go back to the unfortunate, 156 00:10:32,520 --> 00:10:36,440 Speaker 1: like scapegoats so often in history, women and people of 157 00:10:36,559 --> 00:10:40,440 Speaker 1: Jewish religion. That's right, And at first the Church, not 158 00:10:40,760 --> 00:10:45,840 Speaker 1: purely out of like humanitarian motivations, said that no, no, no, 159 00:10:46,600 --> 00:10:50,600 Speaker 1: don't persecute these people. Only God can control the weather 160 00:10:51,000 --> 00:10:54,079 Speaker 1: and that which is uh, and people of Jewish faith 161 00:10:54,120 --> 00:10:58,760 Speaker 1: were not possessed of the power to outrank God, you know, 162 00:10:58,840 --> 00:11:02,079 Speaker 1: any of these types of things. But those arguments did 163 00:11:02,080 --> 00:11:06,160 Speaker 1: not particularly go over with the population who still thought 164 00:11:06,160 --> 00:11:10,480 Speaker 1: it best to persecute, which is and Jewish people. Yeah, yeah, 165 00:11:10,520 --> 00:11:14,040 Speaker 1: and you can picture the scene because the Catholic Church 166 00:11:14,280 --> 00:11:18,880 Speaker 1: importantly did not deny what they saw is the fact 167 00:11:19,280 --> 00:11:23,920 Speaker 1: that which is, warlock, sorcerers, what have you existed. They 168 00:11:24,040 --> 00:11:27,719 Speaker 1: just disagreed about how much power those individuals could have. 169 00:11:28,360 --> 00:11:31,760 Speaker 1: And as these temperatures were dropping, as people were increasingly 170 00:11:31,840 --> 00:11:37,600 Speaker 1: hungry and desperate and being ravaged by disease, that's when 171 00:11:37,600 --> 00:11:43,080 Speaker 1: we see early witchcraft trials and persecutions start beginning in 172 00:11:43,200 --> 00:11:47,240 Speaker 1: Europe for instance. You know, there's a domino effect that happens, 173 00:11:47,360 --> 00:11:51,680 Speaker 1: like let's look at honey. Honey is pretty awesome as 174 00:11:51,720 --> 00:11:54,920 Speaker 1: just a substance as no bacteria, so it can't spoil. 175 00:11:55,120 --> 00:11:57,520 Speaker 1: It can be used as a sweetener and a preservative. 176 00:11:57,720 --> 00:11:59,600 Speaker 1: We've got to do an episode on the legend of 177 00:11:59,600 --> 00:12:02,040 Speaker 1: the mel A five man one day, by the way, 178 00:12:02,400 --> 00:12:06,640 Speaker 1: which is preserved like making honey mummies true story, and 179 00:12:06,920 --> 00:12:09,480 Speaker 1: uh yeah, it was very it was very popular preservative. 180 00:12:09,480 --> 00:12:13,960 Speaker 1: You know, you have oftentimes in I believe, uh sarcophag 181 00:12:13,920 --> 00:12:17,480 Speaker 1: guy you know of of of great pharaohs and rulers 182 00:12:17,559 --> 00:12:19,960 Speaker 1: in ancient Egypt, they would have body parts preserved in 183 00:12:20,040 --> 00:12:22,840 Speaker 1: honey or or so also like they had like a 184 00:12:22,840 --> 00:12:26,600 Speaker 1: formaldehyde esque preservative typechemical, if I'm not mistaken, some analog 185 00:12:26,640 --> 00:12:29,040 Speaker 1: to that. But honey was also super super popular. And 186 00:12:29,080 --> 00:12:32,080 Speaker 1: as we know, it's always been a really good way 187 00:12:32,120 --> 00:12:36,120 Speaker 1: to track changes and problems in the weather by tracking 188 00:12:36,120 --> 00:12:38,959 Speaker 1: what happens to bees and things like colony collapse and 189 00:12:39,000 --> 00:12:42,120 Speaker 1: all of that stuff. Um, this wasn't exactly that level yet, 190 00:12:42,200 --> 00:12:46,000 Speaker 1: but the continuing cold weather kept the bees from poll 191 00:12:46,080 --> 00:12:50,880 Speaker 1: naming plants properly, also kept cows from producing the proper 192 00:12:50,920 --> 00:12:55,200 Speaker 1: amount of milk. And these are also things if we 193 00:12:55,280 --> 00:12:56,880 Speaker 1: go back to one of I Think You're Not You 194 00:12:56,960 --> 00:12:59,240 Speaker 1: and my favorite movies the last couple of years, the 195 00:12:59,280 --> 00:13:03,760 Speaker 1: which when the cows aren't producing milk or you know, 196 00:13:03,800 --> 00:13:07,440 Speaker 1: are like literally squirting out bloody puss instead of milk, 197 00:13:07,960 --> 00:13:13,320 Speaker 1: that is typically seen as a sign of of demonic intervention. Witchcraft. Yeah, 198 00:13:13,480 --> 00:13:16,040 Speaker 1: oh man, can you imagine living back in a time 199 00:13:16,040 --> 00:13:18,480 Speaker 1: where you could just say witchcraft was the reason for 200 00:13:18,520 --> 00:13:21,360 Speaker 1: stuff like I could be late to a recording and 201 00:13:21,360 --> 00:13:24,200 Speaker 1: and say sorry old sorry. Max was I was in 202 00:13:24,240 --> 00:13:26,800 Speaker 1: traffic and there was a witchcraft situation, and you guys 203 00:13:26,880 --> 00:13:29,040 Speaker 1: would be like, oh, snap, are you okay? I was like, 204 00:13:29,040 --> 00:13:32,080 Speaker 1: I was a frog for a second, but I'm back anyway, 205 00:13:32,320 --> 00:13:37,960 Speaker 1: little ice age. Yeah, Witchcraft was treated as this actual, 206 00:13:38,920 --> 00:13:44,160 Speaker 1: like plausible cause for these terrible things happening. And of course, 207 00:13:45,000 --> 00:13:47,800 Speaker 1: a lot of times I would even argue the majority 208 00:13:47,800 --> 00:13:51,000 Speaker 1: of times that people were accused of witchcraft, they were 209 00:13:51,080 --> 00:13:54,880 Speaker 1: going to be women of a certain demographic, people who 210 00:13:54,880 --> 00:13:58,040 Speaker 1: were very vulnerable. Uh. They were maybe unmarried, maybe they 211 00:13:58,040 --> 00:14:01,520 Speaker 1: were elderly, maybe they were practice seen you know, uh, 212 00:14:01,760 --> 00:14:04,880 Speaker 1: natural medicine of some sort, something that could be seen 213 00:14:04,920 --> 00:14:09,040 Speaker 1: as ungodly, and neighbors wanted someone to accuse, so they 214 00:14:09,040 --> 00:14:12,000 Speaker 1: picked the most vulnerable in the herd. People of the 215 00:14:12,080 --> 00:14:15,360 Speaker 1: Jewish faith were accused of being the cause of the plague, 216 00:14:15,400 --> 00:14:19,440 Speaker 1: of spreading the plague for some reason, even though they 217 00:14:19,480 --> 00:14:22,840 Speaker 1: were obviously those communities were obviously being affected by the 218 00:14:22,840 --> 00:14:25,640 Speaker 1: plague as well. And then there were, of course, there 219 00:14:25,760 --> 00:14:30,360 Speaker 1: was the kind of almost apocalyptic Christianity, uh school of 220 00:14:30,360 --> 00:14:34,200 Speaker 1: thought where people would say, the sun is less warm 221 00:14:34,320 --> 00:14:37,600 Speaker 1: to us now because God is mad, because a bunch 222 00:14:37,640 --> 00:14:40,640 Speaker 1: of you you know, made him angry, and so it's 223 00:14:40,680 --> 00:14:43,800 Speaker 1: up to us as the good Christians to make things 224 00:14:44,040 --> 00:14:49,240 Speaker 1: right with God. So this causes a lot of a 225 00:14:49,280 --> 00:14:52,320 Speaker 1: lot of Jewish people in Jewish communities living in Europe 226 00:14:52,520 --> 00:14:56,160 Speaker 1: to say, forget this. We've seen this before. They know 227 00:14:56,280 --> 00:14:59,000 Speaker 1: the score. So they're saying, we're not gonna hang around 228 00:14:59,480 --> 00:15:02,960 Speaker 1: with these crazy people. And so they there's this huge 229 00:15:02,960 --> 00:15:07,240 Speaker 1: exodus into the Ottoman Empire, and for a time, comparatively 230 00:15:07,360 --> 00:15:10,720 Speaker 1: it felt like it was a less less dangerous, less 231 00:15:10,720 --> 00:15:14,880 Speaker 1: oppressive place. But the sad thing is while people were 232 00:15:14,880 --> 00:15:17,320 Speaker 1: trying to find all these causes at the time, and 233 00:15:17,360 --> 00:15:22,560 Speaker 1: they were like witchcraft, religions, we don't like, you know, prejudice, 234 00:15:22,920 --> 00:15:26,160 Speaker 1: the problem is that the situation they were trying to 235 00:15:26,200 --> 00:15:30,920 Speaker 1: explain was very real, and a lot of people died, 236 00:15:31,400 --> 00:15:34,480 Speaker 1: a lot of people lost their livelihood. Like nol we 237 00:15:34,680 --> 00:15:38,520 Speaker 1: know from the work of Hubert Lamb like we have 238 00:15:38,640 --> 00:15:42,320 Speaker 1: a really good and somber picture of how much the 239 00:15:42,320 --> 00:15:46,960 Speaker 1: weather changed. That's right. The growing season changed by fifteen 240 00:15:47,120 --> 00:15:51,240 Speaker 1: to twenty per cent between the warmest and coldest times 241 00:15:51,280 --> 00:15:55,640 Speaker 1: of the entire millennium um, which is enough to affect 242 00:15:55,680 --> 00:16:02,320 Speaker 1: just about any variety of crop auction food production, especially 243 00:16:02,360 --> 00:16:07,560 Speaker 1: ones that have adapted to that predictable full season warm climate, 244 00:16:07,760 --> 00:16:10,960 Speaker 1: you know cycle that we're talking about. So during the 245 00:16:10,960 --> 00:16:16,120 Speaker 1: coldest times of Lilie sage, England's growing season was shortened 246 00:16:16,160 --> 00:16:19,560 Speaker 1: by one to two entire months compared to what we 247 00:16:19,640 --> 00:16:24,479 Speaker 1: know today. So the availability of certain varieties of seeds 248 00:16:24,560 --> 00:16:28,600 Speaker 1: that can actually withstand that kind of extreme cold or warmth, 249 00:16:28,720 --> 00:16:32,240 Speaker 1: or wetness or dryness, it just wasn't available the ones 250 00:16:32,280 --> 00:16:34,240 Speaker 1: that we have today, you know, and largely that comes 251 00:16:34,240 --> 00:16:37,680 Speaker 1: from GMOs, right, Ben, Yeah, there there's been a lot 252 00:16:37,720 --> 00:16:42,720 Speaker 1: of extensive work in making towards making more hardy varieties 253 00:16:42,960 --> 00:16:46,320 Speaker 1: of staple crops. So shout out to Norman Borlog in 254 00:16:46,360 --> 00:16:50,160 Speaker 1: the Green Revolution, but this is far far before his time, right, 255 00:16:50,400 --> 00:16:57,040 Speaker 1: These these folks are trying to make their food grow 256 00:16:57,120 --> 00:17:01,360 Speaker 1: in an increasingly hostile environment. And during this little ice 257 00:17:01,400 --> 00:17:07,480 Speaker 1: age or ages, debatably, famines became a regular thing. Sometimes 258 00:17:07,480 --> 00:17:10,879 Speaker 1: there would be years where things go okay and there 259 00:17:10,880 --> 00:17:13,960 Speaker 1: would be gaps in famines, but other countries, some other 260 00:17:14,000 --> 00:17:18,840 Speaker 1: countries or other parts of Europe would just consistently consecutively 261 00:17:19,040 --> 00:17:24,600 Speaker 1: experience systemic famine. And all of these famines also happened 262 00:17:24,960 --> 00:17:28,399 Speaker 1: in a way that correlated with wars. You know, war 263 00:17:28,560 --> 00:17:31,199 Speaker 1: often leads to famine because you've got a lot of 264 00:17:31,240 --> 00:17:35,400 Speaker 1: disruption of communities that would be growing food, You've got 265 00:17:35,440 --> 00:17:39,640 Speaker 1: moving armies which are very hungry things. And then it's 266 00:17:39,680 --> 00:17:42,960 Speaker 1: strange because it's kind of like, um, a six in 267 00:17:43,000 --> 00:17:45,720 Speaker 1: one hand, half a dozen. No, No, it's like a 268 00:17:45,800 --> 00:17:49,840 Speaker 1: chicken in the egg situation, because sometimes famine happens because 269 00:17:49,880 --> 00:17:53,880 Speaker 1: a war is ongoing, but then other times a famine 270 00:17:53,880 --> 00:17:58,520 Speaker 1: just occurs due to weather and that desperation causes a war. 271 00:17:59,040 --> 00:18:01,119 Speaker 1: So it's a damn if you do damned if you 272 00:18:01,200 --> 00:18:06,640 Speaker 1: don't hungry, either way kind of situation. These severe shortages 273 00:18:07,359 --> 00:18:10,439 Speaker 1: had a cumulative effect, right, because it takes years to 274 00:18:10,440 --> 00:18:13,560 Speaker 1: recover from one year of famine. So if you're trying, 275 00:18:13,760 --> 00:18:16,159 Speaker 1: like if you survived the first year of famine and 276 00:18:16,200 --> 00:18:19,359 Speaker 1: you're trying to survive the next year, you want everything 277 00:18:19,400 --> 00:18:20,840 Speaker 1: to go okay. But if you get hit with a 278 00:18:20,880 --> 00:18:24,160 Speaker 1: double whammy of a famine, then you're even worse off. Yeah, 279 00:18:24,320 --> 00:18:26,600 Speaker 1: we know that the Irish in particular have caught the 280 00:18:26,640 --> 00:18:29,800 Speaker 1: brunt of of quite a few famines over the years, 281 00:18:29,880 --> 00:18:33,040 Speaker 1: and uh, this one was no exception. Over nine hundred 282 00:18:33,160 --> 00:18:37,400 Speaker 1: thousand Irish people lost their lives in this climate caused 283 00:18:37,480 --> 00:18:42,040 Speaker 1: disaster and they dubbed it the Year of Slaughter, So 284 00:18:42,280 --> 00:18:46,320 Speaker 1: not a fun time. There were also during the life 285 00:18:46,359 --> 00:18:52,320 Speaker 1: Sage quite a high occurrence of storms. Um. That's another 286 00:18:52,359 --> 00:18:54,520 Speaker 1: thing we see because of climate change, with a lot 287 00:18:54,560 --> 00:18:58,480 Speaker 1: of these really nasty weather events that become strangely yet 288 00:18:58,920 --> 00:19:05,160 Speaker 1: perfectly perceivable, more and more frequent and more and more disastrous. Yeah. Yeah, 289 00:19:05,200 --> 00:19:09,919 Speaker 1: and that's an excellent point. We know that sometimes the 290 00:19:10,000 --> 00:19:14,040 Speaker 1: crops died just because the soil was too wet, the 291 00:19:14,200 --> 00:19:18,000 Speaker 1: rains were coming at the wrong times. Uh. The only 292 00:19:18,080 --> 00:19:23,600 Speaker 1: place really that made it out relatively unscathed. Comparatively unscathed 293 00:19:23,760 --> 00:19:27,560 Speaker 1: would be southern France, the Mediterranean region of that area. 294 00:19:28,119 --> 00:19:31,760 Speaker 1: There's another thing where in East Prussia between just three 295 00:19:31,840 --> 00:19:36,440 Speaker 1: years seventeen o eight to seventeen eleven, crop failure led 296 00:19:36,480 --> 00:19:41,000 Speaker 1: to famine, which led to over forty per cent of 297 00:19:41,040 --> 00:19:45,080 Speaker 1: the population dying due to starvation or disease. Like, think 298 00:19:45,119 --> 00:19:48,240 Speaker 1: of of all the people you know and just imagine 299 00:19:48,280 --> 00:19:52,119 Speaker 1: the thanos snap. Damn. Little I say is you're not 300 00:19:52,160 --> 00:19:57,240 Speaker 1: cute at all. No, not one bit. But you know, 301 00:19:57,359 --> 00:20:00,480 Speaker 1: there's always a two ways to look at these of things. 302 00:20:00,560 --> 00:20:03,399 Speaker 1: If you pull back the camera far enough. Uh so, 303 00:20:03,480 --> 00:20:05,880 Speaker 1: let's let's let's do uh let's blue sky, this bad 304 00:20:05,920 --> 00:20:09,720 Speaker 1: boy shout, let's silver lining this guy a little ice age. 305 00:20:09,720 --> 00:20:13,240 Speaker 1: You aren't all bad, becaus we know, like horrible conditions 306 00:20:13,359 --> 00:20:18,480 Speaker 1: often lead to explosions and things like art and technology, 307 00:20:18,560 --> 00:20:22,480 Speaker 1: technological advancements. I mean, you know, humanity is usually most 308 00:20:22,520 --> 00:20:27,240 Speaker 1: successful and plucky when pushed to the brink. Yeah. Yeah, 309 00:20:27,440 --> 00:20:31,280 Speaker 1: Necessity is the mother of invention, as we so often 310 00:20:31,359 --> 00:20:35,560 Speaker 1: say in this species. It's strange because if you look 311 00:20:35,640 --> 00:20:39,520 Speaker 1: at the art that you're you're alluding to here, paintings, 312 00:20:40,160 --> 00:20:42,919 Speaker 1: what cuts of people and so on during the seventeenth 313 00:20:42,920 --> 00:20:46,760 Speaker 1: and early eighteenth century, you will notice immediately one thing. 314 00:20:47,640 --> 00:20:51,359 Speaker 1: Everybody is wearing a lot of clothing, right, everybody is 315 00:20:51,400 --> 00:20:54,520 Speaker 1: bundled up. And you can tell if you know about 316 00:20:54,520 --> 00:20:56,479 Speaker 1: the little ice age, you can tell where that's coming from. 317 00:20:56,520 --> 00:21:00,439 Speaker 1: Because it's cold all year. Summer is not reaching summer 318 00:21:00,480 --> 00:21:04,440 Speaker 1: temperatures it was. It was also a time before there 319 00:21:04,480 --> 00:21:08,000 Speaker 1: was a lot of global communication, so people didn't know 320 00:21:08,200 --> 00:21:11,680 Speaker 1: that other people in say North America we're also having 321 00:21:11,680 --> 00:21:15,679 Speaker 1: a terrible time. They thought these were local conditions and 322 00:21:15,760 --> 00:21:19,399 Speaker 1: they needed local solutions. And you can also see an 323 00:21:19,400 --> 00:21:22,240 Speaker 1: evolution of fashion. If you look closer at that clothing, 324 00:21:22,520 --> 00:21:24,560 Speaker 1: you'll see some of this stuff that used to be 325 00:21:24,640 --> 00:21:29,760 Speaker 1: just tied together laced together now has buttons instead, because 326 00:21:29,760 --> 00:21:32,480 Speaker 1: it's a better way of sealing the barrier between you 327 00:21:32,760 --> 00:21:37,560 Speaker 1: and the hostile wintry environment. Yeah, shout out again to tendemis. 328 00:21:37,560 --> 00:21:40,200 Speaker 1: Are things one needed to know about? The Little Ice 329 00:21:40,280 --> 00:21:44,680 Speaker 1: Age by Larry Holdsworth from History Collection, highly recommend giving 330 00:21:44,720 --> 00:21:48,920 Speaker 1: that one a full read. Uh. So, okay, we've got art. 331 00:21:48,960 --> 00:21:50,960 Speaker 1: Maybe it wasn't necessarily on the list, but um, we 332 00:21:51,040 --> 00:21:53,520 Speaker 1: do look to art to kind of show us some 333 00:21:53,600 --> 00:21:57,080 Speaker 1: of these other advancements, you know, in clothing. What we 334 00:21:57,200 --> 00:22:01,399 Speaker 1: also see is innovation in farming. You know, obviously they 335 00:22:01,400 --> 00:22:04,639 Speaker 1: didn't have the GMOs that we have today, you know, 336 00:22:04,680 --> 00:22:08,000 Speaker 1: the ability to kind of like genetically manipulate seeds and stuff. 337 00:22:08,040 --> 00:22:12,080 Speaker 1: But they did figure out ways to create better stores 338 00:22:12,240 --> 00:22:16,280 Speaker 1: of grain, realizing that they need to set aside a surplus, 339 00:22:16,720 --> 00:22:19,919 Speaker 1: uh for those brutal winters and also in the event 340 00:22:20,000 --> 00:22:24,600 Speaker 1: that there were crop failures. Right. Yeah, and this is 341 00:22:24,920 --> 00:22:28,040 Speaker 1: This is a great idea. This is literally investing in 342 00:22:28,080 --> 00:22:32,639 Speaker 1: your future. The taxman didn't like this. The merchant class 343 00:22:32,680 --> 00:22:35,199 Speaker 1: didn't like this, the crop dealers didn't like this. We 344 00:22:35,240 --> 00:22:38,040 Speaker 1: have to remember that a lot of people in Europe 345 00:22:38,040 --> 00:22:41,720 Speaker 1: at the time did not own the land that they farmed. 346 00:22:41,760 --> 00:22:45,800 Speaker 1: They were surfs, they were peasants, so they grew crops 347 00:22:46,000 --> 00:22:49,160 Speaker 1: and they had to give most of it to the landlord. 348 00:22:49,680 --> 00:22:53,400 Speaker 1: The landowner usually like the nobility, maybe a church of 349 00:22:53,440 --> 00:22:57,080 Speaker 1: some sort, and then they could have a small amount 350 00:22:57,160 --> 00:23:00,439 Speaker 1: of what they grew. It's like imagine if you you 351 00:23:00,560 --> 00:23:04,920 Speaker 1: work at a pizzeria and you don't own the pizzeria 352 00:23:05,040 --> 00:23:08,440 Speaker 1: and you make pizzas, and like you can have a 353 00:23:08,520 --> 00:23:11,520 Speaker 1: slice of every tenth pizza and that's how you're paid. 354 00:23:12,119 --> 00:23:16,399 Speaker 1: Like it's it sure isn't. And it is the root 355 00:23:16,920 --> 00:23:20,320 Speaker 1: of the type of resentment that led to the overthrow 356 00:23:20,600 --> 00:23:23,200 Speaker 1: or org in general, the kind of resentments that lead 357 00:23:23,320 --> 00:23:28,280 Speaker 1: to overthrows of ruling classes. You know by the surf 358 00:23:28,400 --> 00:23:31,240 Speaker 1: that you mentioned, because there's a really great line in 359 00:23:31,280 --> 00:23:35,000 Speaker 1: the most recent episode of Succession or The Fine the finale, 360 00:23:35,080 --> 00:23:38,359 Speaker 1: where a character played by Sellin's Alexander Starskard. He's like 361 00:23:38,440 --> 00:23:41,200 Speaker 1: this sort of like Google, kind of like Guru guy. 362 00:23:41,600 --> 00:23:44,320 Speaker 1: He says that they tells the story about how Um 363 00:23:44,320 --> 00:23:47,760 Speaker 1: an ancient Rome. I believe there was this idea that 364 00:23:48,000 --> 00:23:51,000 Speaker 1: we should make all of the slaves dressed the same 365 00:23:51,480 --> 00:23:54,119 Speaker 1: so that you can tell them apart, until they realized 366 00:23:54,240 --> 00:23:56,840 Speaker 1: that if the slaves all dressed the same, they would 367 00:23:56,880 --> 00:23:59,120 Speaker 1: know who they were and realize that there were way 368 00:23:59,119 --> 00:24:01,199 Speaker 1: more of them than there were of the ruling class, 369 00:24:01,200 --> 00:24:04,400 Speaker 1: and would therefore a rise up and kill their masters. 370 00:24:04,800 --> 00:24:07,720 Speaker 1: And that is exactly what happened on a long timeline. 371 00:24:07,760 --> 00:24:09,199 Speaker 1: That this is, you know, like I said, sort of 372 00:24:09,240 --> 00:24:11,840 Speaker 1: the seeds of this sort of resentment that led to 373 00:24:12,040 --> 00:24:15,760 Speaker 1: the French Revolution, because these people are literally starving. They're 374 00:24:15,760 --> 00:24:19,800 Speaker 1: working the land for these owners, the landowners, and they're 375 00:24:20,000 --> 00:24:24,000 Speaker 1: getting kind of yelled at for trying to keep some 376 00:24:24,160 --> 00:24:26,720 Speaker 1: for themselves to eat. Yeah, it reminds me of that 377 00:24:26,800 --> 00:24:30,880 Speaker 1: old you know. I think it's the quotation I believe 378 00:24:30,960 --> 00:24:35,359 Speaker 1: as attributed to Vladimir Lenin, But there's this quote that 379 00:24:35,400 --> 00:24:39,479 Speaker 1: always stuck with me. Every society is three meals away 380 00:24:39,520 --> 00:24:43,600 Speaker 1: from chaos, and I think that's that's a very that's 381 00:24:43,600 --> 00:24:47,360 Speaker 1: a profound way to put it. And you are absolutely right. 382 00:24:47,560 --> 00:24:51,480 Speaker 1: Nothing occurs in a vacuum. So this also causes the 383 00:24:51,560 --> 00:24:55,200 Speaker 1: status quo and the social order to be questioned, and 384 00:24:55,320 --> 00:25:05,159 Speaker 1: rightly so, because people are dying. We also see that 385 00:25:05,800 --> 00:25:09,879 Speaker 1: the nature of law enforcement and crime changes. The crime 386 00:25:09,920 --> 00:25:14,480 Speaker 1: of stealing food was you know, kind of like a 387 00:25:14,600 --> 00:25:19,320 Speaker 1: minor offense in many cases before this point. But as 388 00:25:19,359 --> 00:25:24,680 Speaker 1: food becomes more scarce, uh, and everybody is panicking, than 389 00:25:25,080 --> 00:25:30,080 Speaker 1: the penalties for stealing food becoming increasingly harsh until the 390 00:25:30,160 --> 00:25:33,000 Speaker 1: status quo and I suspect this is oh, I think 391 00:25:33,000 --> 00:25:37,919 Speaker 1: we found a cause here man. So I thats or 392 00:25:37,960 --> 00:25:42,399 Speaker 1: I would not be surprised to learn that the ruling classes, 393 00:25:42,720 --> 00:25:46,399 Speaker 1: the religious and political authorities, I wouldn't be surprised to 394 00:25:46,600 --> 00:25:49,919 Speaker 1: learn that they were a d behind the idea of 395 00:25:49,960 --> 00:25:58,040 Speaker 1: witchcraft and religious persecution because it took the onus off them. Yeah, 396 00:25:58,080 --> 00:26:01,439 Speaker 1: and you mentioned about the draconian levels of punishment that 397 00:26:01,440 --> 00:26:04,359 Speaker 1: were attributed to stealing food. It makes me think of 398 00:26:04,440 --> 00:26:07,680 Speaker 1: Jean Valjean from Le Miserable and he stole a loaf 399 00:26:07,720 --> 00:26:10,199 Speaker 1: of bread, uh and ends up working in this like 400 00:26:10,400 --> 00:26:13,359 Speaker 1: labor camp, you know, for like twenty years or something. 401 00:26:13,400 --> 00:26:16,639 Speaker 1: You know, absolutely uh, punishment not befitting the crime, but 402 00:26:16,680 --> 00:26:20,040 Speaker 1: that it was a control mechanism. They wanted to strike 403 00:26:20,119 --> 00:26:22,600 Speaker 1: fear into the hearts of these peasants and make them 404 00:26:22,600 --> 00:26:26,639 Speaker 1: okay with the status quo of depending on the ruling 405 00:26:26,680 --> 00:26:29,520 Speaker 1: class to even get a few crumbs to survive for 406 00:26:29,600 --> 00:26:32,439 Speaker 1: the privilege of being able to work themselves to the 407 00:26:32,480 --> 00:26:36,959 Speaker 1: bone for these masters. Oh kan, Yeah, and you know 408 00:26:37,080 --> 00:26:40,080 Speaker 1: the more things changed, man, I was talking to I 409 00:26:40,160 --> 00:26:42,480 Speaker 1: was talking to a friend who is experiencing on we 410 00:26:42,760 --> 00:26:45,320 Speaker 1: and they're just being worn down. There what There's someone 411 00:26:45,320 --> 00:26:48,600 Speaker 1: who was going into work physically consistently. They had to 412 00:26:48,680 --> 00:26:50,960 Speaker 1: because the nature of their job, and he told me 413 00:26:51,359 --> 00:26:53,879 Speaker 1: recently they were like, Ben, you know, it hit me. 414 00:26:54,119 --> 00:26:58,439 Speaker 1: I was in traffic and I thought, I'm going to 415 00:26:58,560 --> 00:27:02,119 Speaker 1: work to get money to buy gas to fill up 416 00:27:02,160 --> 00:27:04,760 Speaker 1: my car so I can drive to work to get 417 00:27:04,840 --> 00:27:07,959 Speaker 1: money to buy gas to fill up my car so 418 00:27:08,000 --> 00:27:11,800 Speaker 1: I can go to like this, there's this uh, I 419 00:27:11,800 --> 00:27:14,760 Speaker 1: don't know. It's it's a dangerous system. But okay, since 420 00:27:14,800 --> 00:27:16,960 Speaker 1: we're trying to be positive on this show. No, you 421 00:27:17,080 --> 00:27:21,800 Speaker 1: did awesome jobs setting up Blue Sky Time, right. Bright 422 00:27:22,320 --> 00:27:26,480 Speaker 1: We're Mr Brightside or whatever. We are all collectively Mr 423 00:27:26,520 --> 00:27:30,080 Speaker 1: Brightside um talking out of my cage. I've been doing 424 00:27:30,160 --> 00:27:33,120 Speaker 1: just fine, just fine. She takes off her dress. Now 425 00:27:33,880 --> 00:27:37,000 Speaker 1: I don't remember the next line, but total banger really good, 426 00:27:37,000 --> 00:27:39,520 Speaker 1: so I like it. I was surprised, but there were 427 00:27:39,680 --> 00:27:45,560 Speaker 1: good things. There were advancements in technology, including musical technology, 428 00:27:45,600 --> 00:27:48,040 Speaker 1: which I thought would be especially interesting to us. It 429 00:27:48,160 --> 00:27:50,280 Speaker 1: is very interesting because I was not aware of the 430 00:27:50,400 --> 00:27:55,720 Speaker 1: idea of the quality of wood changing because of these 431 00:27:55,720 --> 00:27:59,359 Speaker 1: types of conditions. So the Renaissance period which we all 432 00:27:59,359 --> 00:28:05,040 Speaker 1: associate like this flourishing intellectual you know, explosion in culture, 433 00:28:05,560 --> 00:28:07,840 Speaker 1: largely you know in Europe of course, starting in Europe 434 00:28:08,160 --> 00:28:12,800 Speaker 1: and music, and of course with that comes advancements in 435 00:28:13,080 --> 00:28:15,600 Speaker 1: musical technology. I mean, what is a musical instrument if 436 00:28:15,640 --> 00:28:21,560 Speaker 1: not a form of technology. Things like violins, viola's forte pianos, harpsichords, 437 00:28:21,880 --> 00:28:24,880 Speaker 1: other inventions that were you know that we don't really 438 00:28:25,080 --> 00:28:27,639 Speaker 1: they haven't really stuck around quite as much today. But 439 00:28:28,080 --> 00:28:31,479 Speaker 1: a lot of these um forward movements in the quality 440 00:28:31,480 --> 00:28:34,239 Speaker 1: of these instruments has been proposed to be associated with 441 00:28:34,280 --> 00:28:37,720 Speaker 1: the condition uh that led the conditions, rather that lead 442 00:28:37,920 --> 00:28:42,280 Speaker 1: to the improvement of the types of wood being used. 443 00:28:42,880 --> 00:28:46,080 Speaker 1: The fact that they were being seasoned prior to their 444 00:28:46,280 --> 00:28:49,480 Speaker 1: use because of the harsh conditions. I guess it made 445 00:28:49,520 --> 00:28:53,600 Speaker 1: them stronger over time. Uh, it created a more dense 446 00:28:53,720 --> 00:28:57,520 Speaker 1: material that gave it a more unique and beautiful tone 447 00:28:57,600 --> 00:29:01,160 Speaker 1: when it was vibrated, you know, by the strings creating 448 00:29:01,280 --> 00:29:05,480 Speaker 1: sweetness from suffering, which is in a way one of 449 00:29:05,480 --> 00:29:10,120 Speaker 1: the core stories of humanity. Of course, nowadays we know 450 00:29:10,400 --> 00:29:13,800 Speaker 1: that Europe is not in the midst of a little 451 00:29:13,880 --> 00:29:17,440 Speaker 1: ice age. Uh. In fact, we know that right now 452 00:29:17,480 --> 00:29:21,840 Speaker 1: there are scientists keeping a close eye on glacial shelves 453 00:29:21,880 --> 00:29:26,960 Speaker 1: in Antarctica because they may shear off and they may 454 00:29:27,040 --> 00:29:30,000 Speaker 1: raise the sea levels. So there are some other weather 455 00:29:30,160 --> 00:29:34,960 Speaker 1: problems on the way. But whether or not you believe 456 00:29:35,000 --> 00:29:37,680 Speaker 1: in climate change, yeah, no, it's spelled the way you 457 00:29:37,720 --> 00:29:41,400 Speaker 1: think it's spelled. We're doing written puns now on an 458 00:29:41,440 --> 00:29:47,000 Speaker 1: audio show. Uh regardless. Um, I think we can all 459 00:29:47,040 --> 00:29:50,440 Speaker 1: agree that climate change is a fact, and it is 460 00:29:50,480 --> 00:29:53,240 Speaker 1: experiential knowledge for a lot of people at this point, 461 00:29:53,280 --> 00:29:57,680 Speaker 1: because we have seen the weather changing. And one thing 462 00:29:57,680 --> 00:30:00,080 Speaker 1: we can say here at the very end of me 463 00:30:00,240 --> 00:30:04,160 Speaker 1: one is that humanity has been through this before. It's 464 00:30:04,200 --> 00:30:07,640 Speaker 1: not the species first rodeo and even when times are tough, 465 00:30:08,040 --> 00:30:11,479 Speaker 1: you see these acts of profound beauty and generosity. And 466 00:30:11,520 --> 00:30:14,280 Speaker 1: so I think we did find some positive notes. But 467 00:30:14,400 --> 00:30:18,880 Speaker 1: also who knew that there there was a little ice 468 00:30:18,960 --> 00:30:22,160 Speaker 1: age in need? Was a little ice age? Uh And 469 00:30:22,200 --> 00:30:24,160 Speaker 1: also just to wrap it up again in kind of 470 00:30:24,160 --> 00:30:28,000 Speaker 1: a nice way, um, between sixteen hundred and eighteen fourteen, 471 00:30:28,120 --> 00:30:31,280 Speaker 1: the River Thames, you know, the famous River Thames, you 472 00:30:31,320 --> 00:30:33,560 Speaker 1: know with the swans and all that, uh No swans 473 00:30:33,560 --> 00:30:37,120 Speaker 1: around this time would freeze over for around two months 474 00:30:37,600 --> 00:30:41,560 Speaker 1: and that was specifically directly tied to this little ice 475 00:30:41,600 --> 00:30:45,600 Speaker 1: age that Britain was was experiencing. The other factor that 476 00:30:45,680 --> 00:30:49,240 Speaker 1: led to this were bridges um London Bridge and It's 477 00:30:49,440 --> 00:30:52,920 Speaker 1: and it's piers you know that, you know literally like 478 00:30:53,280 --> 00:30:57,720 Speaker 1: docking piers um for shipping. They were so close together 479 00:30:58,160 --> 00:31:00,920 Speaker 1: that during the winter, these pieces of ice would get 480 00:31:00,960 --> 00:31:05,200 Speaker 1: stuck between the piers and block up the river. So 481 00:31:05,360 --> 00:31:09,160 Speaker 1: it became easier conditions for the whole thing to freeze over. 482 00:31:09,680 --> 00:31:12,080 Speaker 1: And people took advantage of this, you know, like I 483 00:31:12,080 --> 00:31:14,800 Speaker 1: mean again, human ingenuity. A lake freezes over, you you 484 00:31:14,840 --> 00:31:17,040 Speaker 1: go ice fishing? Are you? You? Ice skate? People just 485 00:31:17,120 --> 00:31:19,560 Speaker 1: kind of figure this stuff out to make to make 486 00:31:19,600 --> 00:31:21,640 Speaker 1: something good at us, something kind of scary, and this 487 00:31:21,800 --> 00:31:25,040 Speaker 1: was no exception. Yeah, yeah, this is where we see, 488 00:31:25,040 --> 00:31:26,840 Speaker 1: oh this is a great place to endy. Yeah, this 489 00:31:26,920 --> 00:31:31,240 Speaker 1: is where we see the emergence of the Tim's frost fares. 490 00:31:31,360 --> 00:31:34,040 Speaker 1: People said, well, if the river is freezing, you know, 491 00:31:34,160 --> 00:31:36,600 Speaker 1: it's not like we're gonna be unloading ships for a while. 492 00:31:36,960 --> 00:31:40,920 Speaker 1: Let's party, let's get down. And so there's a cool 493 00:31:41,040 --> 00:31:44,080 Speaker 1: article about this by Tom Dick Castella over on BBC 494 00:31:44,560 --> 00:31:47,320 Speaker 1: Frost Fair when an elephant walked on the frozen river 495 00:31:47,440 --> 00:31:50,160 Speaker 1: Tims which could you know what now in retrospect, No, 496 00:31:50,640 --> 00:31:52,720 Speaker 1: maybe that could have been our angle from the beginning. 497 00:31:52,880 --> 00:31:55,560 Speaker 1: We've talked about how horrible the little ice h was. 498 00:31:55,960 --> 00:31:58,640 Speaker 1: Should we have opened with the parties? No, I think 499 00:31:58,680 --> 00:32:02,200 Speaker 1: it's good that we're ending on the party, these Christmas party. Yeah. 500 00:32:02,240 --> 00:32:03,640 Speaker 1: I mean think about it that there would be all 501 00:32:03,680 --> 00:32:05,360 Speaker 1: these like I think of it as like an elaborate 502 00:32:05,400 --> 00:32:07,840 Speaker 1: set of pop ups. Right, So you had like these 503 00:32:07,880 --> 00:32:11,840 Speaker 1: little little bars, you know, with was wastle or whatever. 504 00:32:11,880 --> 00:32:13,920 Speaker 1: I'm sure all you know, hot drinks and all of that. 505 00:32:14,560 --> 00:32:17,400 Speaker 1: There was ice skating, There were little shops and things 506 00:32:17,440 --> 00:32:19,480 Speaker 1: like that, and food and it would have just been 507 00:32:19,520 --> 00:32:23,000 Speaker 1: like a really good old time. Um, and everyone obviously 508 00:32:23,000 --> 00:32:25,320 Speaker 1: would have been super bundled up because you get used 509 00:32:25,320 --> 00:32:27,240 Speaker 1: to these kinds of conditions. If you live in a 510 00:32:27,320 --> 00:32:30,720 Speaker 1: region that has this level of brutality and it's winter 511 00:32:30,880 --> 00:32:33,520 Speaker 1: to be kind of becomes something that you you know. Uh, 512 00:32:33,560 --> 00:32:36,040 Speaker 1: and you can still party with the best of them 513 00:32:36,120 --> 00:32:39,200 Speaker 1: even under the worst of conditions. Oh wow, you kind 514 00:32:39,200 --> 00:32:43,000 Speaker 1: of actually described ridiculous history. Huh. Party with the best 515 00:32:43,040 --> 00:32:45,640 Speaker 1: of them even under the worst possible conditions. Yeah, or 516 00:32:45,800 --> 00:32:48,920 Speaker 1: party with the worst of them under the best of conditions. Unclear? 517 00:32:48,960 --> 00:32:52,080 Speaker 1: Which one we are? Yeah, we're we're here. Uh, and 518 00:32:52,440 --> 00:32:55,960 Speaker 1: this has been ridiculous history. Uh for two thousand and 519 00:32:56,000 --> 00:32:58,960 Speaker 1: twenty one, the year of Our Lord? What a year 520 00:32:58,960 --> 00:33:00,880 Speaker 1: of What a weird year have been? Wait? Wait wait, 521 00:33:00,960 --> 00:33:04,800 Speaker 1: which one is the other? Multiple years of Our Lord? Yeah, Okay, 522 00:33:05,160 --> 00:33:07,120 Speaker 1: it's kind of like, um, it's kind of like Air 523 00:33:07,200 --> 00:33:10,040 Speaker 1: Force one. How what whatever playing the president is in 524 00:33:10,320 --> 00:33:13,320 Speaker 1: is Air Force one. So if somebody already has an 525 00:33:13,320 --> 00:33:16,840 Speaker 1: Our Lord, whenever they say the year of Our Lord, 526 00:33:16,960 --> 00:33:21,080 Speaker 1: it's just whatever year was. That's my working theory. But yes, 527 00:33:21,120 --> 00:33:25,440 Speaker 1: you're right, we are closing out and we want to 528 00:33:25,480 --> 00:33:28,680 Speaker 1: thank all of our fellow ridiculous historians who have been 529 00:33:28,680 --> 00:33:32,720 Speaker 1: on this wild ride with us. We do have our 530 00:33:32,840 --> 00:33:38,640 Speaker 1: good good friend Casey Pegram returning. Uh act surprised. We're 531 00:33:38,640 --> 00:33:41,520 Speaker 1: gonna try to class it up. I think Max, we're 532 00:33:41,520 --> 00:33:43,920 Speaker 1: talking about putting on a suit. Um and can we 533 00:33:44,080 --> 00:33:45,960 Speaker 1: you know what, can we just at the very end 534 00:33:46,200 --> 00:33:49,600 Speaker 1: of the yearinal, can we put some respect on Max's 535 00:33:49,680 --> 00:33:52,440 Speaker 1: name for that robe or put some respect on his robe? 536 00:33:52,920 --> 00:33:55,200 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, it's My mouth is full of respect from 537 00:33:55,200 --> 00:33:57,840 Speaker 1: Max and his robe. And I'm gonna keep that in there. 538 00:33:57,880 --> 00:34:00,600 Speaker 1: I'm gonna keep it in there. Um Ma is wearing 539 00:34:00,640 --> 00:34:04,920 Speaker 1: this very father Christmas like almost like the hood of 540 00:34:04,960 --> 00:34:08,120 Speaker 1: a viper, you know, or like a king cobra, but 541 00:34:08,280 --> 00:34:12,120 Speaker 1: yet fuzzy on the inside. Picture that ghost of uh 542 00:34:12,440 --> 00:34:16,200 Speaker 1: it's is it the ghost of Christmas present? See the 543 00:34:16,200 --> 00:34:20,360 Speaker 1: spooky one? No, that's the future. It's the jolly guy 544 00:34:20,400 --> 00:34:24,440 Speaker 1: with the big with the big robe, right right. But 545 00:34:24,480 --> 00:34:26,440 Speaker 1: I think you know, but the ghost of Christmas Future 546 00:34:26,480 --> 00:34:29,000 Speaker 1: also had a pretty nat gnarly robe with a with 547 00:34:29,040 --> 00:34:31,680 Speaker 1: a spooky death hood. I like to think of Max 548 00:34:31,760 --> 00:34:37,360 Speaker 1: Moore as the the jovial ghost to me too. Max 549 00:34:37,480 --> 00:34:41,000 Speaker 1: might be a little different, no, from more of a 550 00:34:41,040 --> 00:34:45,040 Speaker 1: mad Max kind of situation, I think for all of us. Yes, uh, 551 00:34:45,080 --> 00:34:48,120 Speaker 1: and thank you of course. Thank you to everyone who's 552 00:34:48,239 --> 00:34:50,680 Speaker 1: who's tuned in over the years. As always, you can't 553 00:34:50,719 --> 00:34:53,920 Speaker 1: wait to hear from you. Thanks to Mr Max Williams 554 00:34:54,520 --> 00:34:58,239 Speaker 1: very own father Christmas. Thanks to Alex Williams. Well, I 555 00:34:58,239 --> 00:35:00,960 Speaker 1: guess would be our Jack frost in the stuation for 556 00:35:01,320 --> 00:35:04,080 Speaker 1: Frosty boy. Yeah, he's a frosty boy. He stays frosty. 557 00:35:04,400 --> 00:35:07,879 Speaker 1: Uh and thanks of course. Uh, Noel, thank you man. 558 00:35:08,000 --> 00:35:12,080 Speaker 1: We have been through a lot, uh these past few years, 559 00:35:12,160 --> 00:35:16,120 Speaker 1: and it's amazing. You know. I just feel profoundly fortunate 560 00:35:16,160 --> 00:35:18,920 Speaker 1: and grateful to be a part of shows like this. 561 00:35:19,080 --> 00:35:21,440 Speaker 1: It means a lot, So thank you. Same. No one 562 00:35:21,440 --> 00:35:25,080 Speaker 1: i'd rather spend my time with in podcast world than 563 00:35:25,160 --> 00:35:30,439 Speaker 1: than you two guys, so both France, he's a little 564 00:35:30,440 --> 00:35:33,040 Speaker 1: grading No, ma's cool. That's great. That that that that's 565 00:35:33,080 --> 00:35:35,560 Speaker 1: its own other thing. We'd have map back on this show. 566 00:35:35,640 --> 00:35:40,760 Speaker 1: Let's make out his resolution for a hundred million percent agreed. 567 00:35:40,840 --> 00:35:44,040 Speaker 1: Nobody question my math there absolutely and I very much 568 00:35:44,040 --> 00:35:45,640 Speaker 1: look forward to being a part of that. One that 569 00:35:45,640 --> 00:35:48,920 Speaker 1: don't has he been on when I've been on. I know. Yeah, Okay, 570 00:35:49,080 --> 00:35:51,359 Speaker 1: we were we were on the road and we were 571 00:35:51,400 --> 00:35:54,040 Speaker 1: recording in a hotel room and he came in with 572 00:35:54,080 --> 00:35:57,399 Speaker 1: one of his awesome like Colonel Sanders voices or something. 573 00:35:57,960 --> 00:36:02,479 Speaker 1: That's right, Colonel Angus, Colonel Angus, that's right, that's right. 574 00:36:03,040 --> 00:36:08,200 Speaker 1: Oh man, some fun. Yeah. Well, hopefully we will stay 575 00:36:08,239 --> 00:36:10,759 Speaker 1: with you two, keeping you warm. Um. Check out the 576 00:36:10,760 --> 00:36:13,640 Speaker 1: back catalog. There's a lot of it to enjoy, uh 577 00:36:13,719 --> 00:36:16,000 Speaker 1: during this holiday season. And like I said, we're not 578 00:36:16,040 --> 00:36:18,279 Speaker 1: even gonna miss a beat, So tune in next week 579 00:36:18,320 --> 00:36:21,360 Speaker 1: and there will be more ridiculous history for your enjoyment. 580 00:36:21,840 --> 00:36:32,640 Speaker 1: Happy New Year, indeed, see you next time, folks. For 581 00:36:32,719 --> 00:36:34,839 Speaker 1: more podcasts for my Heart Radio, visit the I Heart 582 00:36:34,920 --> 00:36:37,759 Speaker 1: Radio app, Apple podcast, or wherever you listen to your 583 00:36:37,800 --> 00:36:38,560 Speaker 1: favorite shows.